From 0094fe765add2084821a969530f7c8d9428a6096 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Redande <Redande@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2024 16:42:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?Deploying=20to=20gh-pages=20from=20@=20rage/ohj?=
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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---
 404.html                                                  | 2 +-
 404/index.html                                            | 2 +-
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 commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js.map                       | 1 -
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 osa-1/3-lisaa-muuttujista/index.html                      | 6 +++---
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 osa-1/5-ehtorakenne/index.html                            | 4 ++--
 osa-1/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
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 osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja/index.html                     | 4 ++--
 osa-10/index.html                                         | 4 ++--
 osa-11/1-koosteet/index.html                              | 4 ++--
 osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-11/3-rekursio/index.html                              | 4 ++--
 osa-11/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja/index.html                     | 4 ++--
 osa-11/index.html                                         | 4 ++--
 osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina/index.html                   | 4 ++--
 osa-12/2-generaattorit/index.html                         | 4 ++--
 osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia/index.html          | 4 ++--
 osa-12/4-saannolliset-lausekkeet/index.html               | 4 ++--
 osa-12/index.html                                         | 4 ++--
 osa-13/1-pygame-kayttoon/index.html                       | 4 ++--
 osa-13/2-animaatio/index.html                             | 4 ++--
 osa-13/3-tapahtumat/index.html                            | 4 ++--
 osa-13/4-lisaa-tekniikoita/index.html                     | 4 ++--
 osa-13/index.html                                         | 4 ++--
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 osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely/index.html                     | 4 ++--
 osa-14/4-oma-peli/index.html                              | 8 ++++----
 osa-14/index.html                                         | 4 ++--
 osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja/index.html                   | 4 ++--
 osa-2/2-else-elif/index.html                              | 4 ++--
 "osa-2/3-ehtojen-yhdist\303\244minen/index.html"          | 4 ++--
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 osa-2/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
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 osa-3/2-merkkijonojen-kasittely/index.html                | 4 ++--
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 osa-3/4-omat-funktiot/index.html                          | 4 ++--
 osa-3/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-4/1-vscode/index.html                                 | 4 ++--
 osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-4/3-listat/index.html                                 | 4 ++--
 osa-4/4-silmukat-ja-iterointi/index.html                  | 4 ++--
 osa-4/5-tulostuksen-muotoilu/index.html                   | 4 ++--
 osa-4/6-lisaa-rakenteista/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-4/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-5/1-lisaa-listoja/index.html                          | 4 ++--
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 osa-5/3-dictionary/index.html                             | 4 ++--
 osa-5/4-tuple/index.html                                  | 4 ++--
 osa-5/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen/index.html                  | 4 ++--
 osa-6/2-tiedostojen-kirjoittaminen/index.html             | 4 ++--
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 osa-6/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-7/1-moduulit/index.html                               | 4 ++--
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 osa-7/3-aikojen-kasittely/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-7/4-datan-kasittely/index.html                        | 4 ++--
 osa-7/5-omat-moduulit/index.html                          | 4 ++--
 osa-7/6-lisaa-pythonista/index.html                       | 4 ++--
 osa-7/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-8/1-oliot-ja-metodit/index.html                       | 4 ++--
 osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot/index.html                        | 4 ++--
 osa-8/3-omat-luokat/index.html                            | 4 ++--
 osa-8/4-metodit-omissa-luokissa/index.html                | 4 ++--
 osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-8/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
 osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset/index.html                   | 4 ++--
 osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina/index.html                    | 4 ++--
 osa-9/3-kapselointi/index.html                            | 4 ++--
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 osa-9/6-lisaa-esimerkkeja/index.html                      | 4 ++--
 osa-9/index.html                                          | 4 ++--
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 profile/index.html                                        | 2 +-
 report-issue/index.html                                   | 2 +-
 sanasto/index.html                                        | 2 +-
 sign-in/index.html                                        | 2 +-
 sign-up/index.html                                        | 2 +-
 tuki/index.html                                           | 4 ++--
 usein-kysytyt-kysymykset/index.html                       | 4 ++--
 verkkotentti-ohja/index.html                              | 4 ++--
 verkkotentti-ohpe/index.html                              | 4 ++--
 verkkotentti/index.html                                   | 4 ++--
 virheilmoitukset/index.html                               | 4 ++--
 ...a329cac6.js => webpack-runtime-e0a18af5b515cd69e75f.js | 4 ++--
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 webpack.stats.json                                        | 2 +-
 184 files changed, 274 insertions(+), 274 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js.map
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 create mode 100644 commons-b45a34d9f38c59e43d0c.js.map
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diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 21aa29cb2..e05f4fe34 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -134,4 +134,4 @@
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32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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kokeeseen.</p><h3 class="material-header" id="ohjelmoinnin-perusteet-koepaivat-2023">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet koepäivät 2023<a href="#ohjelmoinnin-perusteet-koepaivat-2023" aria-label="ohjelmoinnin perusteet koepaivat 2023 permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3><h3 class="material-header" id="ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssi-koepaivat-2023">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi koepäivät 2023<a href="#ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssi-koepaivat-2023" aria-label="ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi koepaivat 2023 permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3><ul>
 <li>Lauantai 20.01.2024</li>
 <li>Lauantai 24.02.2024</li>
 </ul><h2 class="material-header" id="tenttiin-osallistuminen">Tenttiin osallistuminen<a href="#tenttiin-osallistuminen" aria-label="tenttiin osallistuminen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voit osallistua mihin tahansa kokeeseen, kun olet saanut minimimäärän tehtäviä tehtyä. Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että sinulla tulee olla 25 % kaikista kokeeseen kuuluvien yksittäisten tehtäväkierrosten pisteistä valmiina koepäivän aamuna klo 08.00. Jos teet jatkokurssin tenttiä, kierros 14 pitää olla kokonaan suoritettuna. Jos pisteitä puuttuu, tenttisuoritustasi ei arvioida.</p><p>Pisteitä tarkastellaan erikseen peruskurssin (osat 1-7) ja jatkokurssin (osat 8-14) osalta.</p><p>Kurssilla saa osallistua halutessaan useampaan kokeeseen. Opintorekisteriin jää paras suoritus.</p><h2 class="material-header" id="tentin-jarjestelyista">Tentin järjestelyistä<a href="#tentin-jarjestelyista" aria-label="tentin jarjestelyista permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><ul>
@@ -180,4 +180,4 @@
         <td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">hylätty</td>
     </tr>
     </tbody>
-</table></div><p>Arvostelu perustuu sekä tehtyihin tehtäviin (50 % kokonaispisteistä) että kokeeseen (50 % kokonaispisteistä). Tämä tarkoittaa, että arvosteluasteikon kokonaispisteet saadaan laskemalla tämän sivun pistevisualisaation (sininen pallo oikeassa alakulmassa) kurssipisteet ja saamasi koepisteet yhteen.</p><p>Kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25% jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</p><h4 class="material-header" id="koeleikkuri">Koeleikkuri<a href="#koeleikkuri" aria-label="koeleikkuri permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Kokeesta tulee saada vähintään puolet pisteistä kurssin 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47oxRJrWD/zPrGMOj6kY8fWmobleVcdr+jtOVj+hrulKk8nHT2qhBJwFm4ULsvEfEMC8Rx1mI5kzaJBhypkIW7St9+yRnljH9a9FVx3qjTrQ6Rl95YvZ/2C75yhe7mxHmrPAv0doL+vSRuqZJT4VeB/9P+pZc5dFpj0Uyg/Up3FouBFHr9UvZAPfX3/i8tKgjTR+6LvLZYVMVLPzjL5xU4poy2G7RU/i0hw1jRnryYNZpGclOvllKMfbpTmeSweq6N8WN406h68cF4ItIY8DQvcbIhQmzgBFyrifTKDg984qwINa7RezA8F13yhoF2O1DnXRfsr1bAmBr4q4L+DTHdq/+WBhvWK6nd4VK9QwxoiweY5QcduL9Cwdgi0/fUjv7PPNNK/MwqZtjRdfo6bAjO8ncvcGxedPl5v7kekxi/BJeFbT6r8Jh3Yrtvj4m66CqOk/XhWko74obd9Q+R3uU1m+jV6kNcnnRFQxBTciFhosvwNeAo3peshaRpLIy2siCbcSOUMVj3R41cj98aN0fELcaN5R0lg31cqlb4A7CtB8SvSBJDv4NJvU2CiTsTFo/1B/sCjdezFvC8lSfJwqVSaKrP8XuASPRs/1Cl/wA0w1DxHUn1hBh2xPdPFNKx4WxppWPG2H9kxQBdK2yjSsMA5yd+keRzWMAmc+Jqv4gJJizQsz/g20LDi7VA+God1LB+dSP+BBBlkjxKSoWEdIOHdFF3rJdyKT3kaljf9nswo761tILQ7jLbOMNAdF328icluNsPNXaxW+gRv/duC/QfpwbtbPpDP5GgsN8o/lTXae7t8mrtJK2rChZ88ruO7ycfzkITfHsB70q48WwCfkgB6OehfY3Cjz016UCfjRtYG4MIRGoB7dN46Eo5zAoviELkV8kb/NsBNrJ8pDd6zayQkPA/hRiq9tuUn8g+V+TiUNPLcl2M9aT9xnT2+7P+UFjZCdRuoF8EdwUsDXGzk2lFdfX33kca/HBdjNjWI5DekepuW5dRuwzCqnHrcyGGtC6wV1HCsi2G0B93a4ZrL5OSrdXrI1PqkNYVhVDd9qWzJrFrY5uPWNKy3bmEYq0Z7et+Oo7r8ODfiQi/KcQTFQXmtpQE33P8yLj1LPS5+qLGD2mMIbqrH+6Tz5QD+D+fA9WlJxmd8dxHOMTwJ57w/FDebIWRdXMT1Tjhn+QxckOQ04Jcyl8/ChaRchXNAH4pzDgOcjhsU+KXKCS7J4+k4p3sP3GjfpUmS3FMqlbYmnYcYsycuAHM/XIzeVriYrsm4+EEfRDmR5vFQi4G/4+b5LcUNRpyOG73rpXv5O1yanJAzcY7wX+Gm+YCLVfsLbvRzLM7p3x8XrPu0ztkRFxbxBHCy2mVT9ZPz1Y5Hkw5ClHAhH31VjuNz6r+v6rl1sO9D3MjsJeoDJdwMhiNVrpm46UV/woW07IOb53gI+aFLPyMN0o25QjIhi2tpnuKow4ThnVWk6VxaYblPXo1l2qoD70+7pZfRvX8s43tzJeDuIZ3Qu01w/OzgGldq30n6vDdpRoO4LOuQhjVkbX1xU2Cyjs0inT3xWs45UxSO8fuMYytxo5khfnWnccG+LUhDElC7J7j4Mh8P+SXtm6TP0/R5Z9xoYkIaSwUuHizRPSuq/yDyp8I9j5udMT7n+D4SnImE63MFv/O1gmNnFhy7oCN9WJ4EF2T3uCmyuezUScp5DS5swG8jypy/uR6md3EJ7PpJGB1P8dSp03OEeB8JgXqVZaC0wPG4uYLzgnOnSQMIt3WloQB8FzfReEMJi6HSHGKNbABp2MfupVJpW9KgzS31kB8njeLZVWjbUbhA6HJMDLQlz376Gybleya6VwN0HzzHat9oCbrNJJSO0vEDcaEqBwGXJElyd0bbDAd+HFguvp19EoIZGWW4JDhvUSBwhwf3pkMFFrh5arupkxkfpbNkJ10mk81vcyt0NayFyy4wX+bfxDLf66m3eTwDYz91+jdwGUPnyKS7gOZTVHxZZ0bb4RJSU/TgrMBN2Pcm1P6kebi8+f6ezDYvjIYG9RojAXFlSx62Av5HQr6IW/WbO+klEAqssF0bo3v1Hs0XeVmofVNl/iMN09dtV5m+twHfzYjZeltt6iPlPwja2bs3VmSUYWFwni/PW/rcUC0Cy/sBjpZaeztuCo2Rvq2GdHAZ1sUFI/ota47ZIbhpNn47vMw1n8MFVNYDt5VKpWf0Zi9apeklaQKjMvxmnw78ayuk4f0x2PaNtLs7gu3rgTCIgzSf0AO3Ro5fZltpIMhvdIX+vxAXYX+GfFmrwqMSEH8q0z5zZNZ1k+k4XKao3+/ZLLpXP8653kakGV5fDeo2TkLkAipfXyHmUxWWocWszjQoD2qrl39khFT9JWqgd4G5SZJ8UCqVeqvhv4Kbyd6ziwqsHno4x3VgGbpTPvSifyTIynXkBNhLWtU35b+5UppM3vy/94Ef4RzsZ8pci/upzwjyCQkiz0zSqT39A80D3ARjLwiWZvzuioyX97TonJukaZ2s650ijetc9dEdiXLat4BxOMf5Z2SuljML95CA7iet6BaaD9ysGfnUHo6ucXP02WdR8ZrZmeoPp6hurXFblCtDq+nWAQ/IMtm4N+NWyblRb5nXgQ+kgi5Wp/meOv6yLqxlfZvK11hsD96TluW3LHPvKtykc7/9rkLN+hRpkCfrHu5b9AAkSTJRD2AdzRMhzg58R0iYjcLlz4qZLo3MbxcF398uOneQHvx48OG1oB0e0IOLTLJf4SZyj9V3NseNrIU0BS+D+FlrytCcvKDapUyb3qIyjMGNqJJhZs+I7tVJ0fE3ZdZ5zWqPQOBNkDIxRtr2YNLcZy3hyTJl6FQCq6Xchxsu7ar0kH9iZAf9fhPOae23rIVmG6UJ+60wFEMjaueqTouSJPk1aWba3AUQ9LI6keZOdORLatIDfaiE4Qw+OsLpBWVojrxDGnZwCG5U0vvZziUd0Qwd01/GhSU0SXD6/GYnAGOSJGmU1uXnI8YLj/hVevYKfEP7B0IiZgL5cxtD5uJCMXrrJTcHl/k3vp/hvVoeHf8+LqRkscxCPw/y4EDwTiZdVWitVvapojJ0aYEFaUbGrsogaZknsfpW424JB+ih9lucZeB2acTTgGmlUumH8u88A0wtlUqPyuRZTPlR43elWROZdZcE5tkjuIm+Z1ZS+CRJ7lcZ6+RbmyI/2zF6mH6Q8bVpuIwNPXHxY9viQmP+XiqVntLvHyMBHyfdu17X3UtCc6rMY+SrytO0F1RQnVsyNK6QTaJ79RgfTUYwW3UCF+e2nsp1DS62bVJQ3tYspbd5RhlGUGOECdi6ShxW1vas3vDtPaW+PdPLbIjLCBrOdpgtrQWy47AeiTS0v9I8DqsbbjStgeaLS1wqv9UuFKdsWROXe2o5zdO07B6ZgkmghQ2VkE1wI7on0DyF8oICk+kg0lgrn17mNNWN4FiYYM8nDsiKw/KsS5pOOUwns3NBnxpFGod1iM7vTbqKzonSXJ+L7vHP1Q/DOCzPidp3RbBvdEEZtgzO8yvBD25pp+1MeSZ+GzVYS1mYYWpksRbVkY3xBflfrsVFJbc1JdwIl89M6emlY0slJOqylBbShIlZfciv8dc9eCDfCPw39Tr2ofatKU1hWWQq10nArIj2jwg0rxWBv6g+4zoxH5Mwnq/vJ5FQ66a6N0X7VqgsJfnleqlOy8uY+yOkpb0Ulcu33ZKgDP6e+Dr4314WaVIf1/73In9Z3vSvpbiRUN/m3qSvUxlXAsu0+O1A+fVmBf3Cnxd+t6eu2Rj0z3JlaCqoe5fjB9TmXMS3ZV7VzOKXhtEVGE1tT6JegBt8WNu6gmFUP90pv3BrLWzvy6/Tw7qEUWt0tlypX+ajSf9rlSdxw9AvrMILYF35Fd4L9veTb2KhPvfFOZ7DOYDrSGC+L1/K2vLlNMmHsYTmy4XVy6RtlL8kyy/2oX4n9B82SbNcnuEbGqk6PB/4hgaoTy9UubNoDIR9g7924L9B/q0PM9rr06rHizRfJqsP2QvQrqR5XFtP1S/e73/3Pfl38q41j3Tprjk5/p81cEGbK9U23sfXX7/foDZaW+0WjkyurXuzQG3fT+01L5AX/vcXqt7ddLyx1h7ANSo873zTspoteTa2le2dN0roR+eOJR0lfD4SMn7Rgx1JF1S4BzeKl+DieEJ+Srqww8ScutxOmn0g3Jbj0rJ4U3g30tGtRA/OuRJCPo7smII2u5909O2coIx+MYz5pHP1PHvhYqvC69wQlOkc8jMhhPgR0eei/d753C9oq6zR4zWCz30y7unBQRt4bXy8BI1f2GIPXJiKX9Q1fEHcqP2Hq50TvRg9PqPDTL3s/EjnpqtLSFRTHNZVZK9vF3M6bgj29SoTuAluVO8/q/E3e+Nifk5q59/ZDLfydjm89ruLHj6PD5oMp4W8SDpd68FIU1yqfY+QZv24DDdqdhMubu1e0nxce0d9eREu3uvxQFN8WZ+fJ82OMA7or1ADL7wuijTOz0mID5OgvlXXHCshG1op76jMfpuxCm0+O2qfp8qcP0CCvT9uzuX9ugd7FHznE7iMDJWUZ7TaaBkuZGMuNc5d6gjjc1TiLJNmb1zg28OBitzRMVTr42Jznso5ZzEuJuZ83IKro3ExNEfR+vxhft299tKwfI76bcpoWOGxI/R5OOmgQX2gYR2RUSavYb0c7AsX/9xa/78ZPGSjSCPRvXYRBkpOJl0yC2/+kS7b9TPSAZ23M/reA6TxRl44baK+mqj+XsO6uEybt0TD+kWOFZKnYe1Jml8r1Br9Sj9ZGlaY86pIwxogAZqQptih1jWsZ3ExMj/HOdcvwE2azWOlHpLv4Va6HY7LubSyA+swUg/CFD1cH5cw+qI61CbygewqTfEGPRBTcVHG+8n8WNDC3y3hVhRur0UvmmRyXU35iehey/ITkL2guJPmcUhDpLn5LS9+xy+VVieB1ASsVyqVJqg9p+PiqSpvLDcF6DRdaxxp1PfZeqGE/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+</table></div><p>Arvostelu perustuu sekä tehtyihin tehtäviin (50 % kokonaispisteistä) että kokeeseen (50 % kokonaispisteistä). Tämä tarkoittaa, että arvosteluasteikon kokonaispisteet saadaan laskemalla tämän sivun pistevisualisaation (sininen pallo oikeassa alakulmassa) kurssipisteet ja saamasi koepisteet yhteen.</p><p>Kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25% jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</p><h4 class="material-header" id="koeleikkuri">Koeleikkuri<a href="#koeleikkuri" aria-label="koeleikkuri permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Kokeesta tulee saada vähintään puolet pisteistä kurssin läpäisemiseksi.</p></div></article></div></main><footer class="Footer__FooterWrapper-sc-16r343g-5 cnVvAf"><div class="Footer__FooterBackground-sc-16r343g-6 hnTGgX"></div><div class="Footer__FooterContent-sc-16r343g-7 hicfXL"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiCard-root Footer__StyledCard-sc-16r343g-8 kkekar MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><div class="MuiCardContent-root Footer__StyledCardContent-sc-16r343g-9 KBHom"><div class="Footer__GithubContainer-sc-16r343g-3 okroy"><a href="https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-ak7o6cmX5NGV" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-3x Footer__StyledIcon-sc-16r343g-0 jZezEY" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-ak7o6cmX5NGV">Materiaalin lähdekoodi</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 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descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, toPropertyKey(descriptor.key), descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  Object.defineProperty(Constructor, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  return Constructor;\n}\nmodule.exports = _createClass, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var toPropertyKey = require(\"./toPropertyKey.js\");\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  key = toPropertyKey(key);\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return 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Symbol : {},\n    iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || \"@@iterator\",\n    asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || \"@@asyncIterator\",\n    toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || \"@@toStringTag\";\n  function define(obj, key, value) {\n    return Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: !0,\n      configurable: !0,\n      writable: !0\n    }), obj[key];\n  }\n  try {\n    define({}, \"\");\n  } catch (err) {\n    define = function define(obj, key, value) {\n      return obj[key] = value;\n    };\n  }\n  function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator,\n      generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype),\n      context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);\n    return defineProperty(generator, \"_invoke\", {\n      value: makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context)\n    }), generator;\n  }\n  function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {\n    try {\n      return {\n        type: \"normal\",\n        arg: fn.call(obj, arg)\n      };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return {\n        type: \"throw\",\n        arg: err\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  exports.wrap = wrap;\n  var ContinueSentinel = {};\n  function Generator() {}\n  function GeneratorFunction() {}\n  function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}\n  var IteratorPrototype = {};\n  define(IteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  });\n  var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf,\n    NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));\n  NativeIteratorPrototype && NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op && hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol) && (IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype);\n  var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype = Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);\n  function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {\n    [\"next\", \"throw\", \"return\"].forEach(function (method) {\n      define(prototype, method, function (arg) {\n        return this._invoke(method, arg);\n      });\n    });\n  }\n  function AsyncIterator(generator, PromiseImpl) {\n    function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {\n      var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);\n      if (\"throw\" !== record.type) {\n        var result = record.arg,\n          value = result.value;\n        return value && \"object\" == _typeof(value) && hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\") ? PromiseImpl.resolve(value.__await).then(function (value) {\n          invoke(\"next\", value, resolve, reject);\n        }, function (err) {\n          invoke(\"throw\", err, resolve, reject);\n        }) : PromiseImpl.resolve(value).then(function (unwrapped) {\n          result.value = unwrapped, resolve(result);\n        }, function (error) {\n          return invoke(\"throw\", error, resolve, reject);\n        });\n      }\n      reject(record.arg);\n    }\n    var previousPromise;\n    defineProperty(this, \"_invoke\", {\n      value: function value(method, arg) {\n        function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {\n          return new PromiseImpl(function (resolve, reject) {\n            invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);\n          });\n        }\n        return previousPromise = previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(callInvokeWithMethodAndArg, callInvokeWithMethodAndArg) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {\n    var state = \"suspendedStart\";\n    return function (method, arg) {\n      if (\"executing\" === state) throw new Error(\"Generator is already running\");\n      if (\"completed\" === state) {\n        if (\"throw\" === method) throw arg;\n        return doneResult();\n      }\n      for (context.method = method, context.arg = arg;;) {\n        var delegate = context.delegate;\n        if (delegate) {\n          var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n          if (delegateResult) {\n            if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n            return delegateResult;\n          }\n        }\n        if (\"next\" === context.method) context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;else if (\"throw\" === context.method) {\n          if (\"suspendedStart\" === state) throw state = \"completed\", context.arg;\n          context.dispatchException(context.arg);\n        } else \"return\" === context.method && context.abrupt(\"return\", context.arg);\n        state = \"executing\";\n        var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);\n        if (\"normal\" === record.type) {\n          if (state = context.done ? \"completed\" : \"suspendedYield\", record.arg === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n          return {\n            value: record.arg,\n            done: context.done\n          };\n        }\n        \"throw\" === record.type && (state = \"completed\", context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = record.arg);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {\n    var methodName = context.method,\n      method = delegate.iterator[methodName];\n    if (undefined === method) return context.delegate = null, \"throw\" === methodName && delegate.iterator[\"return\"] && (context.method = \"return\", context.arg = undefined, maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context), \"throw\" === context.method) || \"return\" !== methodName && (context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = new TypeError(\"The iterator does not provide a '\" + methodName + \"' method\")), ContinueSentinel;\n    var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);\n    if (\"throw\" === record.type) return context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = record.arg, context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel;\n    var info = record.arg;\n    return info ? info.done ? (context[delegate.resultName] = info.value, context.next = delegate.nextLoc, \"return\" !== context.method && (context.method = \"next\", context.arg = undefined), context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel) : info : (context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = new TypeError(\"iterator result is not an object\"), context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel);\n  }\n  function pushTryEntry(locs) {\n    var entry = {\n      tryLoc: locs[0]\n    };\n    1 in locs && (entry.catchLoc = locs[1]), 2 in locs && (entry.finallyLoc = locs[2], entry.afterLoc = locs[3]), this.tryEntries.push(entry);\n  }\n  function resetTryEntry(entry) {\n    var record = entry.completion || {};\n    record.type = \"normal\", delete record.arg, entry.completion = record;\n  }\n  function Context(tryLocsList) {\n    this.tryEntries = [{\n      tryLoc: \"root\"\n    }], tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this), this.reset(!0);\n  }\n  function values(iterable) {\n    if (iterable) {\n      var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];\n      if (iteratorMethod) return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);\n      if (\"function\" == typeof iterable.next) return iterable;\n      if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {\n        var i = -1,\n          next = function next() {\n            for (; ++i < iterable.length;) {\n              if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) return next.value = iterable[i], next.done = !1, next;\n            }\n            return next.value = undefined, next.done = !0, next;\n          };\n        return next.next = next;\n      }\n    }\n    return {\n      next: doneResult\n    };\n  }\n  function doneResult() {\n    return {\n      value: undefined,\n      done: !0\n    };\n  }\n  return GeneratorFunction.prototype = GeneratorFunctionPrototype, defineProperty(Gp, \"constructor\", {\n    value: GeneratorFunctionPrototype,\n    configurable: !0\n  }), defineProperty(GeneratorFunctionPrototype, \"constructor\", {\n    value: GeneratorFunction,\n    configurable: !0\n  }), GeneratorFunction.displayName = define(GeneratorFunctionPrototype, toStringTagSymbol, \"GeneratorFunction\"), exports.isGeneratorFunction = function (genFun) {\n    var ctor = \"function\" == typeof genFun && genFun.constructor;\n    return !!ctor && (ctor === GeneratorFunction || \"GeneratorFunction\" === (ctor.displayName || ctor.name));\n  }, exports.mark = function (genFun) {\n    return Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype) : (genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype, define(genFun, toStringTagSymbol, \"GeneratorFunction\")), genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp), genFun;\n  }, exports.awrap = function (arg) {\n    return {\n      __await: arg\n    };\n  }, defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype), define(AsyncIterator.prototype, asyncIteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  }), exports.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator, exports.async = function (innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList, PromiseImpl) {\n    void 0 === PromiseImpl && (PromiseImpl = Promise);\n    var iter = new AsyncIterator(wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList), PromiseImpl);\n    return exports.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn) ? iter : iter.next().then(function (result) {\n      return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();\n    });\n  }, defineIteratorMethods(Gp), define(Gp, toStringTagSymbol, \"Generator\"), define(Gp, iteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  }), define(Gp, \"toString\", function () {\n    return \"[object Generator]\";\n  }), exports.keys = function (val) {\n    var object = Object(val),\n      keys = [];\n    for (var key in object) {\n      keys.push(key);\n    }\n    return keys.reverse(), function next() {\n      for (; keys.length;) {\n        var key = keys.pop();\n        if (key in object) return next.value = key, next.done = !1, next;\n      }\n      return next.done = !0, next;\n    };\n  }, exports.values = values, Context.prototype = {\n    constructor: Context,\n    reset: function reset(skipTempReset) {\n      if (this.prev = 0, this.next = 0, this.sent = this._sent = undefined, this.done = !1, this.delegate = null, this.method = \"next\", this.arg = undefined, this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry), !skipTempReset) for (var name in this) {\n        \"t\" === name.charAt(0) && hasOwn.call(this, name) && !isNaN(+name.slice(1)) && (this[name] = undefined);\n      }\n    },\n    stop: function stop() {\n      this.done = !0;\n      var rootRecord = this.tryEntries[0].completion;\n      if (\"throw\" === rootRecord.type) throw rootRecord.arg;\n      return this.rval;\n    },\n    dispatchException: function dispatchException(exception) {\n      if (this.done) throw exception;\n      var context = this;\n      function handle(loc, caught) {\n        return record.type = \"throw\", record.arg = exception, context.next = loc, caught && (context.method = \"next\", context.arg = undefined), !!caught;\n      }\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i],\n          record = entry.completion;\n        if (\"root\" === entry.tryLoc) return handle(\"end\");\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {\n          var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, \"catchLoc\"),\n            hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\");\n          if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) return handle(entry.catchLoc, !0);\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n          } else if (hasCatch) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) return handle(entry.catchLoc, !0);\n          } else {\n            if (!hasFinally) throw new Error(\"try statement without catch or finally\");\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    abrupt: function abrupt(type, arg) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev && hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\") && this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n          var finallyEntry = entry;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      finallyEntry && (\"break\" === type || \"continue\" === type) && finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg && arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc && (finallyEntry = null);\n      var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};\n      return record.type = type, record.arg = arg, finallyEntry ? (this.method = \"next\", this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc, ContinueSentinel) : this.complete(record);\n    },\n    complete: function complete(record, afterLoc) {\n      if (\"throw\" === record.type) throw record.arg;\n      return \"break\" === record.type || \"continue\" === record.type ? this.next = record.arg : \"return\" === record.type ? (this.rval = this.arg = record.arg, this.method = \"return\", this.next = \"end\") : \"normal\" === record.type && afterLoc && (this.next = afterLoc), ContinueSentinel;\n    },\n    finish: function finish(finallyLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) return this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc), resetTryEntry(entry), ContinueSentinel;\n      }\n    },\n    \"catch\": function _catch(tryLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {\n          var record = entry.completion;\n          if (\"throw\" === record.type) {\n            var thrown = record.arg;\n            resetTryEntry(entry);\n          }\n          return thrown;\n        }\n      }\n      throw new Error(\"illegal catch attempt\");\n    },\n    delegateYield: function delegateYield(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {\n      return this.delegate = {\n        iterator: values(iterable),\n        resultName: resultName,\n        nextLoc: nextLoc\n      }, \"next\" === this.method && (this.arg = undefined), ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n  }, exports;\n}\nmodule.exports = _regeneratorRuntime, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var arrayWithHoles = require(\"./arrayWithHoles.js\");\nvar iterableToArrayLimit = require(\"./iterableToArrayLimit.js\");\nvar unsupportedIterableToArray = require(\"./unsupportedIterableToArray.js\");\nvar nonIterableRest = require(\"./nonIterableRest.js\");\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return arrayWithHoles(arr) || iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || nonIterableRest();\n}\nmodule.exports = _slicedToArray, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var _typeof = require(\"./typeof.js\")[\"default\"];\nfunction _toPrimitive(input, hint) {\n  if (_typeof(input) !== \"object\" || input === null) return input;\n  var prim = input[Symbol.toPrimitive];\n  if (prim !== undefined) {\n    var res = prim.call(input, hint || \"default\");\n    if (_typeof(res) !== \"object\") return res;\n    throw new TypeError(\"@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.\");\n  }\n  return (hint === \"string\" ? String : Number)(input);\n}\nmodule.exports = _toPrimitive, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var _typeof = require(\"./typeof.js\")[\"default\"];\nvar toPrimitive = require(\"./toPrimitive.js\");\nfunction _toPropertyKey(arg) {\n  var key = toPrimitive(arg, \"string\");\n  return _typeof(key) === \"symbol\" ? key : String(key);\n}\nmodule.exports = _toPropertyKey, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return (module.exports = _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports), _typeof(obj);\n}\nmodule.exports = _typeof, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var arrayLikeToArray = require(\"./arrayLikeToArray.js\");\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nmodule.exports = _unsupportedIterableToArray, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","// TODO(Babel 8): Remove this file.\n\nvar runtime = require(\"../helpers/regeneratorRuntime\")();\nmodule.exports = runtime;\n\n// Copied from https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/blob/main/packages/runtime/runtime.js#L736=\ntry {\n  regeneratorRuntime = runtime;\n} catch (accidentalStrictMode) {\n  if (typeof globalThis === \"object\") {\n    globalThis.regeneratorRuntime = runtime;\n  } else {\n    Function(\"r\", \"regeneratorRuntime = r\")(runtime);\n  }\n}\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\nvar ReactPropTypesSecret = require('./lib/ReactPropTypesSecret');\n\nfunction emptyFunction() {}\nfunction emptyFunctionWithReset() {}\nemptyFunctionWithReset.resetWarningCache = emptyFunction;\n\nmodule.exports = function() {\n  function shim(props, propName, componentName, location, propFullName, secret) {\n    if (secret === ReactPropTypesSecret) {\n      // It is still safe when called from React.\n      return;\n    }\n    var err = new Error(\n      'Calling PropTypes validators directly is not supported by the `prop-types` package. ' +\n      'Use PropTypes.checkPropTypes() to call them. ' +\n      'Read more at http://fb.me/use-check-prop-types'\n    );\n    err.name = 'Invariant Violation';\n    throw err;\n  };\n  shim.isRequired = shim;\n  function getShim() {\n    return shim;\n  };\n  // Important!\n  // Keep this list in sync with production version in `./factoryWithTypeCheckers.js`.\n  var ReactPropTypes = {\n    array: shim,\n    bigint: shim,\n    bool: shim,\n    func: shim,\n    number: shim,\n    object: shim,\n    string: shim,\n    symbol: shim,\n\n    any: shim,\n    arrayOf: getShim,\n    element: shim,\n    elementType: shim,\n    instanceOf: getShim,\n    node: shim,\n    objectOf: getShim,\n    oneOf: getShim,\n    oneOfType: getShim,\n    shape: getShim,\n    exact: getShim,\n\n    checkPropTypes: emptyFunctionWithReset,\n    resetWarningCache: emptyFunction\n  };\n\n  ReactPropTypes.PropTypes = ReactPropTypes;\n\n  return ReactPropTypes;\n};\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  var ReactIs = require('react-is');\n\n  // By explicitly using `prop-types` you are opting into new development behavior.\n  // http://fb.me/prop-types-in-prod\n  var throwOnDirectAccess = true;\n  module.exports = require('./factoryWithTypeCheckers')(ReactIs.isElement, throwOnDirectAccess);\n} else {\n  // By explicitly using `prop-types` you are opting into new production behavior.\n  // http://fb.me/prop-types-in-prod\n  module.exports = require('./factoryWithThrowingShims')();\n}\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\nvar ReactPropTypesSecret = 'SECRET_DO_NOT_PASS_THIS_OR_YOU_WILL_BE_FIRED';\n\nmodule.exports = ReactPropTypesSecret;\n","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    enumerableOnly && (symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    })), keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread2(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = null != arguments[i] ? arguments[i] : {};\n    i % 2 ? ownKeys(Object(source), !0).forEach(function (key) {\n      _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    }) : Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ? Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source)) : ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n      Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _wrapRegExp() {\n  _wrapRegExp = function _wrapRegExp(re, groups) {\n    return new BabelRegExp(re, void 0, groups);\n  };\n  var _super = RegExp.prototype,\n    _groups = new WeakMap();\n  function BabelRegExp(re, flags, groups) {\n    var _this = new RegExp(re, flags);\n    return _groups.set(_this, groups || _groups.get(re)), _setPrototypeOf(_this, BabelRegExp.prototype);\n  }\n  function buildGroups(result, re) {\n    var g = _groups.get(re);\n    return Object.keys(g).reduce(function (groups, name) {\n      return groups[name] = result[g[name]], groups;\n    }, Object.create(null));\n  }\n  return _inherits(BabelRegExp, RegExp), BabelRegExp.prototype.exec = function (str) {\n    var result = _super.exec.call(this, str);\n    return result && (result.groups = buildGroups(result, this)), result;\n  }, BabelRegExp.prototype[Symbol.replace] = function (str, substitution) {\n    if (\"string\" == typeof substitution) {\n      var groups = _groups.get(this);\n      return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, substitution.replace(/\\$<([^>]+)>/g, function (_, name) {\n        return \"$\" + groups[name];\n      }));\n    }\n    if (\"function\" == typeof substitution) {\n      var _this = this;\n      return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, function () {\n        var args = arguments;\n        return \"object\" != typeof args[args.length - 1] && (args = [].slice.call(args)).push(buildGroups(args, _this)), substitution.apply(this, args);\n      });\n    }\n    return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, substitution);\n  }, _wrapRegExp.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  Object.defineProperty(Constructor, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(subClass, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter[\"@@iterator\"] != null) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  var _i = arr == null ? null : typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && arr[Symbol.iterator] || arr[\"@@iterator\"];\n  if (_i == null) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _s, _e;\n  try {\n    for (_i = _i.call(arr); !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nvar noop = function noop() {};\nvar _WINDOW = {};\nvar _DOCUMENT = {};\nvar _MUTATION_OBSERVER = null;\nvar _PERFORMANCE = {\n  mark: noop,\n  measure: noop\n};\ntry {\n  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') _WINDOW = window;\n  if (typeof document !== 'undefined') _DOCUMENT = document;\n  if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') _MUTATION_OBSERVER = MutationObserver;\n  if (typeof performance !== 'undefined') _PERFORMANCE = performance;\n} catch (e) {}\nvar _ref = _WINDOW.navigator || {},\n  _ref$userAgent = _ref.userAgent,\n  userAgent = _ref$userAgent === void 0 ? '' : _ref$userAgent;\nvar WINDOW = _WINDOW;\nvar DOCUMENT = _DOCUMENT;\nvar MUTATION_OBSERVER = _MUTATION_OBSERVER;\nvar PERFORMANCE = _PERFORMANCE;\nvar IS_BROWSER = !!WINDOW.document;\nvar IS_DOM = !!DOCUMENT.documentElement && !!DOCUMENT.head && typeof DOCUMENT.addEventListener === 'function' && typeof DOCUMENT.createElement === 'function';\nvar IS_IE = ~userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') || ~userAgent.indexOf('Trident/');\nvar _familyProxy, _familyProxy2, _familyProxy3, _familyProxy4, _familyProxy5;\nvar NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER = '___FONT_AWESOME___';\nvar UNITS_IN_GRID = 16;\nvar DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX = 'fa';\nvar DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS = 'svg-inline--fa';\nvar DATA_FA_I2SVG = 'data-fa-i2svg';\nvar DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT = 'data-fa-pseudo-element';\nvar DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT_PENDING = 'data-fa-pseudo-element-pending';\nvar DATA_PREFIX = 'data-prefix';\nvar DATA_ICON = 'data-icon';\nvar HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS = 'fontawesome-i2svg';\nvar MUTATION_APPROACH_ASYNC = 'async';\nvar TAGNAMES_TO_SKIP_FOR_PSEUDOELEMENTS = ['HTML', 'HEAD', 'STYLE', 'SCRIPT'];\nvar PRODUCTION = function () {\n  try {\n    return process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}();\nvar FAMILY_CLASSIC = 'classic';\nvar FAMILY_SHARP = 'sharp';\nvar FAMILIES = [FAMILY_CLASSIC, FAMILY_SHARP];\nfunction familyProxy(obj) {\n  // Defaults to the classic family if family is not available\n  return new Proxy(obj, {\n    get: function get(target, prop) {\n      return prop in target ? target[prop] : target[FAMILY_CLASSIC];\n    }\n  });\n}\nvar PREFIX_TO_STYLE = familyProxy((_familyProxy = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fa': 'solid',\n  'fas': 'solid',\n  'fa-solid': 'solid',\n  'far': 'regular',\n  'fa-regular': 'regular',\n  'fal': 'light',\n  'fa-light': 'light',\n  'fat': 'thin',\n  'fa-thin': 'thin',\n  'fad': 'duotone',\n  'fa-duotone': 'duotone',\n  'fab': 'brands',\n  'fa-brands': 'brands',\n  'fak': 'kit',\n  'fa-kit': 'kit'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fa': 'solid',\n  'fass': 'solid',\n  'fa-solid': 'solid'\n}), _familyProxy));\nvar STYLE_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy2 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy2, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'solid': 'fas',\n  'regular': 'far',\n  'light': 'fal',\n  'thin': 'fat',\n  'duotone': 'fad',\n  'brands': 'fab',\n  'kit': 'fak'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy2, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'solid': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy2));\nvar PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE = familyProxy((_familyProxy3 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy3, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fab': 'fa-brands',\n  'fad': 'fa-duotone',\n  'fak': 'fa-kit',\n  'fal': 'fa-light',\n  'far': 'fa-regular',\n  'fas': 'fa-solid',\n  'fat': 'fa-thin'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy3, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fass': 'fa-solid'\n}), _familyProxy3));\nvar LONG_STYLE_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy4 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy4, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fa-brands': 'fab',\n  'fa-duotone': 'fad',\n  'fa-kit': 'fak',\n  'fa-light': 'fal',\n  'fa-regular': 'far',\n  'fa-solid': 'fas',\n  'fa-thin': 'fat'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy4, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fa-solid': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy4));\nvar ICON_SELECTION_SYNTAX_PATTERN = /fa(s|r|l|t|d|b|k|ss)?[\\-\\ ]/; // eslint-disable-line no-useless-escape\n\nvar LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME = 'fa-layers-text';\nvar FONT_FAMILY_PATTERN = /Font ?Awesome ?([56 ]*)(Solid|Regular|Light|Thin|Duotone|Brands|Free|Pro|Sharp|Kit)?.*/i; // TODO: this needs to support fass\n// TODO: do we need to handle font-weight for kit SVG pseudo-elements?\n\nvar FONT_WEIGHT_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy5 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy5, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  '900': 'fas',\n  '400': 'far',\n  'normal': 'far',\n  '300': 'fal',\n  '100': 'fat'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy5, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  '900': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy5));\nvar oneToTen = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];\nvar oneToTwenty = oneToTen.concat([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]);\nvar ATTRIBUTES_WATCHED_FOR_MUTATION = ['class', 'data-prefix', 'data-icon', 'data-fa-transform', 'data-fa-mask'];\nvar DUOTONE_CLASSES = {\n  GROUP: 'duotone-group',\n  SWAP_OPACITY: 'swap-opacity',\n  PRIMARY: 'primary',\n  SECONDARY: 'secondary'\n};\nvar prefixes = new Set();\nObject.keys(STYLE_TO_PREFIX[FAMILY_CLASSIC]).map(prefixes.add.bind(prefixes));\nObject.keys(STYLE_TO_PREFIX[FAMILY_SHARP]).map(prefixes.add.bind(prefixes));\nvar RESERVED_CLASSES = [].concat(FAMILIES, _toConsumableArray(prefixes), ['2xs', 'xs', 'sm', 'lg', 'xl', '2xl', 'beat', 'border', 'fade', 'beat-fade', 'bounce', 'flip-both', 'flip-horizontal', 'flip-vertical', 'flip', 'fw', 'inverse', 'layers-counter', 'layers-text', 'layers', 'li', 'pull-left', 'pull-right', 'pulse', 'rotate-180', 'rotate-270', 'rotate-90', 'rotate-by', 'shake', 'spin-pulse', 'spin-reverse', 'spin', 'stack-1x', 'stack-2x', 'stack', 'ul', DUOTONE_CLASSES.GROUP, DUOTONE_CLASSES.SWAP_OPACITY, DUOTONE_CLASSES.PRIMARY, DUOTONE_CLASSES.SECONDARY]).concat(oneToTen.map(function (n) {\n  return \"\".concat(n, \"x\");\n})).concat(oneToTwenty.map(function (n) {\n  return \"w-\".concat(n);\n}));\nvar initial = WINDOW.FontAwesomeConfig || {};\nfunction getAttrConfig(attr) {\n  var element = DOCUMENT.querySelector('script[' + attr + ']');\n  if (element) {\n    return element.getAttribute(attr);\n  }\n}\nfunction coerce(val) {\n  // Getting an empty string will occur if the attribute is set on the HTML tag but without a value\n  // We'll assume that this is an indication that it should be toggled to true\n  if (val === '') return true;\n  if (val === 'false') return false;\n  if (val === 'true') return true;\n  return val;\n}\nif (DOCUMENT && typeof DOCUMENT.querySelector === 'function') {\n  var attrs = [['data-family-prefix', 'familyPrefix'], ['data-css-prefix', 'cssPrefix'], ['data-family-default', 'familyDefault'], ['data-style-default', 'styleDefault'], ['data-replacement-class', 'replacementClass'], ['data-auto-replace-svg', 'autoReplaceSvg'], ['data-auto-add-css', 'autoAddCss'], ['data-auto-a11y', 'autoA11y'], ['data-search-pseudo-elements', 'searchPseudoElements'], ['data-observe-mutations', 'observeMutations'], ['data-mutate-approach', 'mutateApproach'], ['data-keep-original-source', 'keepOriginalSource'], ['data-measure-performance', 'measurePerformance'], ['data-show-missing-icons', 'showMissingIcons']];\n  attrs.forEach(function (_ref) {\n    var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n      attr = _ref2[0],\n      key = _ref2[1];\n    var val = coerce(getAttrConfig(attr));\n    if (val !== undefined && val !== null) {\n      initial[key] = val;\n    }\n  });\n}\nvar _default = {\n  styleDefault: 'solid',\n  familyDefault: 'classic',\n  cssPrefix: DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX,\n  replacementClass: DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS,\n  autoReplaceSvg: true,\n  autoAddCss: true,\n  autoA11y: true,\n  searchPseudoElements: false,\n  observeMutations: true,\n  mutateApproach: 'async',\n  keepOriginalSource: true,\n  measurePerformance: false,\n  showMissingIcons: true\n}; // familyPrefix is deprecated but we must still support it if present\n\nif (initial.familyPrefix) {\n  initial.cssPrefix = initial.familyPrefix;\n}\nvar _config = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, _default), initial);\nif (!_config.autoReplaceSvg) _config.observeMutations = false;\nvar config = {};\nObject.keys(_default).forEach(function (key) {\n  Object.defineProperty(config, key, {\n    enumerable: true,\n    set: function set(val) {\n      _config[key] = val;\n      _onChangeCb.forEach(function (cb) {\n        return cb(config);\n      });\n    },\n    get: function get() {\n      return _config[key];\n    }\n  });\n}); // familyPrefix is deprecated as of 6.2.0 and should be removed in 7.0.0\n\nObject.defineProperty(config, 'familyPrefix', {\n  enumerable: true,\n  set: function set(val) {\n    _config.cssPrefix = val;\n    _onChangeCb.forEach(function (cb) {\n      return cb(config);\n    });\n  },\n  get: function get() {\n    return _config.cssPrefix;\n  }\n});\nWINDOW.FontAwesomeConfig = config;\nvar _onChangeCb = [];\nfunction onChange(cb) {\n  _onChangeCb.push(cb);\n  return function () {\n    _onChangeCb.splice(_onChangeCb.indexOf(cb), 1);\n  };\n}\nvar d = UNITS_IN_GRID;\nvar meaninglessTransform = {\n  size: 16,\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  rotate: 0,\n  flipX: false,\n  flipY: false\n};\nfunction insertCss(css) {\n  if (!css || !IS_DOM) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var style = DOCUMENT.createElement('style');\n  style.setAttribute('type', 'text/css');\n  style.innerHTML = css;\n  var headChildren = DOCUMENT.head.childNodes;\n  var beforeChild = null;\n  for (var i = headChildren.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {\n    var child = headChildren[i];\n    var tagName = (child.tagName || '').toUpperCase();\n    if (['STYLE', 'LINK'].indexOf(tagName) > -1) {\n      beforeChild = child;\n    }\n  }\n  DOCUMENT.head.insertBefore(style, beforeChild);\n  return css;\n}\nvar idPool = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';\nfunction nextUniqueId() {\n  var size = 12;\n  var id = '';\n  while (size-- > 0) {\n    id += idPool[Math.random() * 62 | 0];\n  }\n  return id;\n}\nfunction toArray(obj) {\n  var array = [];\n  for (var i = (obj || []).length >>> 0; i--;) {\n    array[i] = obj[i];\n  }\n  return array;\n}\nfunction classArray(node) {\n  if (node.classList) {\n    return toArray(node.classList);\n  } else {\n    return (node.getAttribute('class') || '').split(' ').filter(function (i) {\n      return i;\n    });\n  }\n}\nfunction htmlEscape(str) {\n  return \"\".concat(str).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/\"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, '&#39;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');\n}\nfunction joinAttributes(attributes) {\n  return Object.keys(attributes || {}).reduce(function (acc, attributeName) {\n    return acc + \"\".concat(attributeName, \"=\\\"\").concat(htmlEscape(attributes[attributeName]), \"\\\" \");\n  }, '').trim();\n}\nfunction joinStyles(styles) {\n  return Object.keys(styles || {}).reduce(function (acc, styleName) {\n    return acc + \"\".concat(styleName, \": \").concat(styles[styleName].trim(), \";\");\n  }, '');\n}\nfunction transformIsMeaningful(transform) {\n  return transform.size !== meaninglessTransform.size || transform.x !== meaninglessTransform.x || transform.y !== meaninglessTransform.y || transform.rotate !== meaninglessTransform.rotate || transform.flipX || transform.flipY;\n}\nfunction transformForSvg(_ref) {\n  var transform = _ref.transform,\n    containerWidth = _ref.containerWidth,\n    iconWidth = _ref.iconWidth;\n  var outer = {\n    transform: \"translate(\".concat(containerWidth / 2, \" 256)\")\n  };\n  var innerTranslate = \"translate(\".concat(transform.x * 32, \", \").concat(transform.y * 32, \") \");\n  var innerScale = \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n  var innerRotate = \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \" 0 0)\");\n  var inner = {\n    transform: \"\".concat(innerTranslate, \" \").concat(innerScale, \" \").concat(innerRotate)\n  };\n  var path = {\n    transform: \"translate(\".concat(iconWidth / 2 * -1, \" -256)\")\n  };\n  return {\n    outer: outer,\n    inner: inner,\n    path: path\n  };\n}\nfunction transformForCss(_ref2) {\n  var transform = _ref2.transform,\n    _ref2$width = _ref2.width,\n    width = _ref2$width === void 0 ? UNITS_IN_GRID : _ref2$width,\n    _ref2$height = _ref2.height,\n    height = _ref2$height === void 0 ? UNITS_IN_GRID : _ref2$height,\n    _ref2$startCentered = _ref2.startCentered,\n    startCentered = _ref2$startCentered === void 0 ? false : _ref2$startCentered;\n  var val = '';\n  if (startCentered && IS_IE) {\n    val += \"translate(\".concat(transform.x / d - width / 2, \"em, \").concat(transform.y / d - height / 2, \"em) \");\n  } else if (startCentered) {\n    val += \"translate(calc(-50% + \".concat(transform.x / d, \"em), calc(-50% + \").concat(transform.y / d, \"em)) \");\n  } else {\n    val += \"translate(\".concat(transform.x / d, \"em, \").concat(transform.y / d, \"em) \");\n  }\n  val += \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / d * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / d * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n  val += \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \"deg) \");\n  return val;\n}\nvar baseStyles = \":root, :host {\\n  --fa-font-solid: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Solid\\\";\\n  --fa-font-regular: normal 400 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Regular\\\";\\n  --fa-font-light: normal 300 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Light\\\";\\n  --fa-font-thin: normal 100 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Thin\\\";\\n  --fa-font-duotone: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Duotone\\\";\\n  --fa-font-sharp-solid: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Sharp\\\";\\n  --fa-font-brands: normal 400 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Brands\\\";\\n}\\n\\nsvg:not(:root).svg-inline--fa, svg:not(:host).svg-inline--fa {\\n  overflow: visible;\\n  box-sizing: content-box;\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa {\\n  display: var(--fa-display, inline-block);\\n  height: 1em;\\n  overflow: visible;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-2xs {\\n  vertical-align: 0.1em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-xs {\\n  vertical-align: 0em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-sm {\\n  vertical-align: -0.0714285705em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-lg {\\n  vertical-align: -0.2em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-xl {\\n  vertical-align: -0.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-2xl {\\n  vertical-align: -0.3125em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-pull-left {\\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n  width: auto;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-pull-right {\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n  width: auto;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-li {\\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\\n  top: 0.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-fw {\\n  width: var(--fa-fw-width, 1.25em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers svg.svg-inline--fa {\\n  bottom: 0;\\n  left: 0;\\n  margin: auto;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  right: 0;\\n  top: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-counter, .fa-layers-text {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  text-align: center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  height: 1em;\\n  position: relative;\\n  text-align: center;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n  width: 1em;\\n}\\n.fa-layers svg.svg-inline--fa {\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: center center;\\n          transform-origin: center center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-text {\\n  left: 50%;\\n  top: 50%;\\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\\n          transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: center center;\\n          transform-origin: center center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-counter {\\n  background-color: var(--fa-counter-background-color, #ff253a);\\n  border-radius: var(--fa-counter-border-radius, 1em);\\n  box-sizing: border-box;\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n  line-height: var(--fa-counter-line-height, 1);\\n  max-width: var(--fa-counter-max-width, 5em);\\n  min-width: var(--fa-counter-min-width, 1.5em);\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  padding: var(--fa-counter-padding, 0.25em 0.5em);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  text-overflow: ellipsis;\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-counter-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-counter-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top right;\\n          transform-origin: top right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-bottom-right {\\n  bottom: var(--fa-bottom, 0);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  top: auto;\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: bottom right;\\n          transform-origin: bottom right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-bottom-left {\\n  bottom: var(--fa-bottom, 0);\\n  left: var(--fa-left, 0);\\n  right: auto;\\n  top: auto;\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: bottom left;\\n          transform-origin: bottom left;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-top-right {\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top right;\\n          transform-origin: top right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-top-left {\\n  left: var(--fa-left, 0);\\n  right: auto;\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top left;\\n          transform-origin: top left;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-1x {\\n  font-size: 1em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2x {\\n  font-size: 2em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-3x {\\n  font-size: 3em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-4x {\\n  font-size: 4em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-5x {\\n  font-size: 5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-6x {\\n  font-size: 6em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-7x {\\n  font-size: 7em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-8x {\\n  font-size: 8em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-9x {\\n  font-size: 9em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-10x {\\n  font-size: 10em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2xs {\\n  font-size: 0.625em;\\n  line-height: 0.1em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.225em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-xs {\\n  font-size: 0.75em;\\n  line-height: 0.0833333337em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.125em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-sm {\\n  font-size: 0.875em;\\n  line-height: 0.0714285718em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.0535714295em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-lg {\\n  font-size: 1.25em;\\n  line-height: 0.05em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.075em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-xl {\\n  font-size: 1.5em;\\n  line-height: 0.0416666682em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2xl {\\n  font-size: 2em;\\n  line-height: 0.03125em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.1875em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-fw {\\n  text-align: center;\\n  width: 1.25em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-ul {\\n  list-style-type: none;\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-li-margin, 2.5em);\\n  padding-left: 0;\\n}\\n.fa-ul > li {\\n  position: relative;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-li {\\n  left: calc(var(--fa-li-width, 2em) * -1);\\n  position: absolute;\\n  text-align: center;\\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\\n  line-height: inherit;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-border {\\n  border-color: var(--fa-border-color, #eee);\\n  border-radius: var(--fa-border-radius, 0.1em);\\n  border-style: var(--fa-border-style, solid);\\n  border-width: var(--fa-border-width, 0.08em);\\n  padding: var(--fa-border-padding, 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pull-left {\\n  float: left;\\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pull-right {\\n  float: right;\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-beat {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat;\\n          animation-name: fa-beat;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-bounce {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-bounce;\\n          animation-name: fa-bounce;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-fade {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-fade;\\n          animation-name: fa-fade;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-beat-fade {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\\n          animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-flip;\\n          animation-name: fa-flip;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-shake {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-shake;\\n          animation-name: fa-shake;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-spin {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-spin-reverse {\\n  --fa-animation-direction: reverse;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pulse,\\n.fa-spin-pulse {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\\n}\\n\\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\\n  .fa-beat,\\n.fa-bounce,\\n.fa-fade,\\n.fa-beat-fade,\\n.fa-flip,\\n.fa-pulse,\\n.fa-shake,\\n.fa-spin,\\n.fa-spin-pulse {\\n    -webkit-animation-delay: -1ms;\\n            animation-delay: -1ms;\\n    -webkit-animation-duration: 1ms;\\n            animation-duration: 1ms;\\n    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: 1;\\n            animation-iteration-count: 1;\\n    transition-delay: 0s;\\n    transition-duration: 0s;\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat {\\n  0%, 90% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  45% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-beat {\\n  0%, 90% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  45% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-bounce {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  10% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  30% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  57% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n  }\\n  64% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-bounce {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  10% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  30% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  57% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n  }\\n  64% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-fade {\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-fade {\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat-fade {\\n  0%, 100% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: 1;\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-beat-fade {\\n  0%, 100% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: 1;\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-flip {\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-flip {\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-shake {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n  }\\n  4% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\\n  }\\n  8%, 24% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n  }\\n  12%, 28% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\\n  }\\n  16% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n  }\\n  20% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\\n  }\\n  32% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n  }\\n  36% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\\n  }\\n  40%, 100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-shake {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n  }\\n  4% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\\n  }\\n  8%, 24% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n  }\\n  12%, 28% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\\n  }\\n  16% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n  }\\n  20% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\\n  }\\n  32% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n  }\\n  36% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\\n  }\\n  40%, 100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-spin {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n.fa-rotate-90 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);\\n          transform: rotate(90deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-180 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);\\n          transform: rotate(180deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-270 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);\\n          transform: rotate(270deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-horizontal {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, 1);\\n          transform: scale(-1, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-vertical {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(1, -1);\\n          transform: scale(1, -1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-both,\\n.fa-flip-horizontal.fa-flip-vertical {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, -1);\\n          transform: scale(-1, -1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-by {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\\n          transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-stack {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  vertical-align: middle;\\n  height: 2em;\\n  position: relative;\\n  width: 2.5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-stack-1x,\\n.fa-stack-2x {\\n  bottom: 0;\\n  left: 0;\\n  margin: auto;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  right: 0;\\n  top: 0;\\n  z-index: var(--fa-stack-z-index, auto);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-1x {\\n  height: 1em;\\n  width: 1.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-2x {\\n  height: 2em;\\n  width: 2.5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-inverse {\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n}\\n\\n.sr-only,\\n.fa-sr-only {\\n  position: absolute;\\n  width: 1px;\\n  height: 1px;\\n  padding: 0;\\n  margin: -1px;\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\\n  white-space: nowrap;\\n  border-width: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.sr-only-focusable:not(:focus),\\n.fa-sr-only-focusable:not(:focus) {\\n  position: absolute;\\n  width: 1px;\\n  height: 1px;\\n  padding: 0;\\n  margin: -1px;\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\\n  white-space: nowrap;\\n  border-width: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa .fa-primary {\\n  fill: var(--fa-primary-color, currentColor);\\n  opacity: var(--fa-primary-opacity, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa .fa-secondary {\\n  fill: var(--fa-secondary-color, currentColor);\\n  opacity: var(--fa-secondary-opacity, 0.4);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-swap-opacity .fa-primary {\\n  opacity: var(--fa-secondary-opacity, 0.4);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-swap-opacity .fa-secondary {\\n  opacity: var(--fa-primary-opacity, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa mask .fa-primary,\\n.svg-inline--fa mask .fa-secondary {\\n  fill: black;\\n}\\n\\n.fad.fa-inverse,\\n.fa-duotone.fa-inverse {\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n}\";\nfunction css() {\n  var dcp = DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX;\n  var drc = DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS;\n  var fp = config.cssPrefix;\n  var rc = config.replacementClass;\n  var s = baseStyles;\n  if (fp !== dcp || rc !== drc) {\n    var dPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\.\".concat(dcp, \"\\\\-\"), 'g');\n    var customPropPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\--\".concat(dcp, \"\\\\-\"), 'g');\n    var rPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\.\".concat(drc), 'g');\n    s = s.replace(dPatt, \".\".concat(fp, \"-\")).replace(customPropPatt, \"--\".concat(fp, \"-\")).replace(rPatt, \".\".concat(rc));\n  }\n  return s;\n}\nvar _cssInserted = false;\nfunction ensureCss() {\n  if (config.autoAddCss && !_cssInserted) {\n    insertCss(css());\n    _cssInserted = true;\n  }\n}\nvar InjectCSS = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      dom: {\n        css: css,\n        insertCss: ensureCss\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      beforeDOMElementCreation: function beforeDOMElementCreation() {\n        ensureCss();\n      },\n      beforeI2svg: function beforeI2svg() {\n        ensureCss();\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar w = WINDOW || {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER]) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER] = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].styles) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].styles = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].hooks) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].hooks = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].shims) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].shims = [];\nvar namespace = w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER];\nvar functions = [];\nvar listener = function listener() {\n  DOCUMENT.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', listener);\n  loaded = 1;\n  functions.map(function (fn) {\n    return fn();\n  });\n};\nvar loaded = false;\nif (IS_DOM) {\n  loaded = (DOCUMENT.documentElement.doScroll ? /^loaded|^c/ : /^loaded|^i|^c/).test(DOCUMENT.readyState);\n  if (!loaded) DOCUMENT.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', listener);\n}\nfunction domready(fn) {\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  loaded ? setTimeout(fn, 0) : functions.push(fn);\n}\nfunction toHtml(abstractNodes) {\n  var tag = abstractNodes.tag,\n    _abstractNodes$attrib = abstractNodes.attributes,\n    attributes = _abstractNodes$attrib === void 0 ? {} : _abstractNodes$attrib,\n    _abstractNodes$childr = abstractNodes.children,\n    children = _abstractNodes$childr === void 0 ? [] : _abstractNodes$childr;\n  if (typeof abstractNodes === 'string') {\n    return htmlEscape(abstractNodes);\n  } else {\n    return \"<\".concat(tag, \" \").concat(joinAttributes(attributes), \">\").concat(children.map(toHtml).join(''), \"</\").concat(tag, \">\");\n  }\n}\nfunction iconFromMapping(mapping, prefix, iconName) {\n  if (mapping && mapping[prefix] && mapping[prefix][iconName]) {\n    return {\n      prefix: prefix,\n      iconName: iconName,\n      icon: mapping[prefix][iconName]\n    };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Internal helper to bind a function known to have 4 arguments\n * to a given context.\n */\n\nvar bindInternal4 = function bindInternal4(func, thisContext) {\n  return function (a, b, c, d) {\n    return func.call(thisContext, a, b, c, d);\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * # Reduce\n *\n * A fast object `.reduce()` implementation.\n *\n * @param  {Object}   subject      The object to reduce over.\n * @param  {Function} fn           The reducer function.\n * @param  {mixed}    initialValue The initial value for the reducer, defaults to subject[0].\n * @param  {Object}   thisContext  The context for the reducer.\n * @return {mixed}                 The final result.\n */\n\nvar reduce = function fastReduceObject(subject, fn, initialValue, thisContext) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(subject),\n    length = keys.length,\n    iterator = thisContext !== undefined ? bindInternal4(fn, thisContext) : fn,\n    i,\n    key,\n    result;\n  if (initialValue === undefined) {\n    i = 1;\n    result = subject[keys[0]];\n  } else {\n    i = 0;\n    result = initialValue;\n  }\n  for (; i < length; i++) {\n    key = keys[i];\n    result = iterator(result, subject[key], key, subject);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n\n/**\n * ucs2decode() and codePointAt() are both works of Mathias Bynens and licensed under MIT\n *\n * Copyright Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/>\n\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n * \"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n * the following conditions:\n\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\nfunction ucs2decode(string) {\n  var output = [];\n  var counter = 0;\n  var length = string.length;\n  while (counter < length) {\n    var value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);\n    if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {\n      var extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);\n      if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) {\n        // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq\n        output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);\n      } else {\n        output.push(value);\n        counter--;\n      }\n    } else {\n      output.push(value);\n    }\n  }\n  return output;\n}\nfunction toHex(unicode) {\n  var decoded = ucs2decode(unicode);\n  return decoded.length === 1 ? decoded[0].toString(16) : null;\n}\nfunction codePointAt(string, index) {\n  var size = string.length;\n  var first = string.charCodeAt(index);\n  var second;\n  if (first >= 0xD800 && first <= 0xDBFF && size > index + 1) {\n    second = string.charCodeAt(index + 1);\n    if (second >= 0xDC00 && second <= 0xDFFF) {\n      return (first - 0xD800) * 0x400 + second - 0xDC00 + 0x10000;\n    }\n  }\n  return first;\n}\nfunction normalizeIcons(icons) {\n  return Object.keys(icons).reduce(function (acc, iconName) {\n    var icon = icons[iconName];\n    var expanded = !!icon.icon;\n    if (expanded) {\n      acc[icon.iconName] = icon.icon;\n    } else {\n      acc[iconName] = icon;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n}\nfunction defineIcons(prefix, icons) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  var _params$skipHooks = params.skipHooks,\n    skipHooks = _params$skipHooks === void 0 ? false : _params$skipHooks;\n  var normalized = normalizeIcons(icons);\n  if (typeof namespace.hooks.addPack === 'function' && !skipHooks) {\n    namespace.hooks.addPack(prefix, normalizeIcons(icons));\n  } else {\n    namespace.styles[prefix] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, namespace.styles[prefix] || {}), normalized);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Font Awesome 4 used the prefix of `fa` for all icons. With the introduction\n   * of new styles we needed to differentiate between them. Prefix `fa` is now an alias\n   * for `fas` so we'll ease the upgrade process for our users by automatically defining\n   * this as well.\n   */\n\n  if (prefix === 'fas') {\n    defineIcons('fa', icons);\n  }\n}\nvar duotonePathRe = [/*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*path d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  d1: 1,\n  d2: 2\n}), /*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  cls1: 1,\n  d1: 2,\n  cls2: 3,\n  d2: 4\n}), /*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  cls1: 1,\n  d1: 2\n})];\nvar _LONG_STYLE, _PREFIXES, _PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY;\nvar styles = namespace.styles,\n  shims = namespace.shims;\nvar LONG_STYLE = (_LONG_STYLE = {}, _defineProperty(_LONG_STYLE, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.values(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_LONG_STYLE, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.values(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _LONG_STYLE);\nvar _defaultUsablePrefix = null;\nvar _byUnicode = {};\nvar _byLigature = {};\nvar _byOldName = {};\nvar _byOldUnicode = {};\nvar _byAlias = {};\nvar PREFIXES = (_PREFIXES = {}, _defineProperty(_PREFIXES, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_PREFIXES, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _PREFIXES);\nfunction isReserved(name) {\n  return ~RESERVED_CLASSES.indexOf(name);\n}\nfunction getIconName(cssPrefix, cls) {\n  var parts = cls.split('-');\n  var prefix = parts[0];\n  var iconName = parts.slice(1).join('-');\n  if (prefix === cssPrefix && iconName !== '' && !isReserved(iconName)) {\n    return iconName;\n  } else {\n    return null;\n  }\n}\nvar build = function build() {\n  var lookup = function lookup(reducer) {\n    return reduce(styles, function (o, style, prefix) {\n      o[prefix] = reduce(style, reducer, {});\n      return o;\n    }, {});\n  };\n  _byUnicode = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    if (icon[3]) {\n      acc[icon[3]] = iconName;\n    }\n    if (icon[2]) {\n      var aliases = icon[2].filter(function (a) {\n        return typeof a === 'number';\n      });\n      aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n        acc[alias.toString(16)] = iconName;\n      });\n    }\n    return acc;\n  });\n  _byLigature = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    acc[iconName] = iconName;\n    if (icon[2]) {\n      var aliases = icon[2].filter(function (a) {\n        return typeof a === 'string';\n      });\n      aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n        acc[alias] = iconName;\n      });\n    }\n    return acc;\n  });\n  _byAlias = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    var aliases = icon[2];\n    acc[iconName] = iconName;\n    aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n      acc[alias] = iconName;\n    });\n    return acc;\n  }); // If we have a Kit, we can't determine if regular is available since we\n  // could be auto-fetching it. We'll have to assume that it is available.\n\n  var hasRegular = 'far' in styles || config.autoFetchSvg;\n  var shimLookups = reduce(shims, function (acc, shim) {\n    var maybeNameMaybeUnicode = shim[0];\n    var prefix = shim[1];\n    var iconName = shim[2];\n    if (prefix === 'far' && !hasRegular) {\n      prefix = 'fas';\n    }\n    if (typeof maybeNameMaybeUnicode === 'string') {\n      acc.names[maybeNameMaybeUnicode] = {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof maybeNameMaybeUnicode === 'number') {\n      acc.unicodes[maybeNameMaybeUnicode.toString(16)] = {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: iconName\n      };\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {\n    names: {},\n    unicodes: {}\n  });\n  _byOldName = shimLookups.names;\n  _byOldUnicode = shimLookups.unicodes;\n  _defaultUsablePrefix = getCanonicalPrefix(config.styleDefault, {\n    family: config.familyDefault\n  });\n};\nonChange(function (c) {\n  _defaultUsablePrefix = getCanonicalPrefix(c.styleDefault, {\n    family: config.familyDefault\n  });\n});\nbuild();\nfunction byUnicode(prefix, unicode) {\n  return (_byUnicode[prefix] || {})[unicode];\n}\nfunction byLigature(prefix, ligature) {\n  return (_byLigature[prefix] || {})[ligature];\n}\nfunction byAlias(prefix, alias) {\n  return (_byAlias[prefix] || {})[alias];\n}\nfunction byOldName(name) {\n  return _byOldName[name] || {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null\n  };\n}\nfunction byOldUnicode(unicode) {\n  var oldUnicode = _byOldUnicode[unicode];\n  var newUnicode = byUnicode('fas', unicode);\n  return oldUnicode || (newUnicode ? {\n    prefix: 'fas',\n    iconName: newUnicode\n  } : null) || {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null\n  };\n}\nfunction getDefaultUsablePrefix() {\n  return _defaultUsablePrefix;\n}\nvar emptyCanonicalIcon = function emptyCanonicalIcon() {\n  return {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null,\n    rest: []\n  };\n};\nfunction getCanonicalPrefix(styleOrPrefix) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$family = params.family,\n    family = _params$family === void 0 ? FAMILY_CLASSIC : _params$family;\n  var style = PREFIX_TO_STYLE[family][styleOrPrefix];\n  var prefix = STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][styleOrPrefix] || STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][style];\n  var defined = styleOrPrefix in namespace.styles ? styleOrPrefix : null;\n  return prefix || defined || null;\n}\nvar PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY = (_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY = {}, _defineProperty(_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY);\nfunction getCanonicalIcon(values) {\n  var _famProps;\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$skipLookups = params.skipLookups,\n    skipLookups = _params$skipLookups === void 0 ? false : _params$skipLookups;\n  var famProps = (_famProps = {}, _defineProperty(_famProps, FAMILY_CLASSIC, \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(FAMILY_CLASSIC)), _defineProperty(_famProps, FAMILY_SHARP, \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(FAMILY_SHARP)), _famProps);\n  var givenPrefix = null;\n  var family = FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n  if (values.includes(famProps[FAMILY_CLASSIC]) || values.some(function (v) {\n    return PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY[FAMILY_CLASSIC].includes(v);\n  })) {\n    family = FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n  }\n  if (values.includes(famProps[FAMILY_SHARP]) || values.some(function (v) {\n    return PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY[FAMILY_SHARP].includes(v);\n  })) {\n    family = FAMILY_SHARP;\n  }\n  var canonical = values.reduce(function (acc, cls) {\n    var iconName = getIconName(config.cssPrefix, cls);\n    if (styles[cls]) {\n      cls = LONG_STYLE[family].includes(cls) ? LONG_STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][cls] : cls;\n      givenPrefix = cls;\n      acc.prefix = cls;\n    } else if (PREFIXES[family].indexOf(cls) > -1) {\n      givenPrefix = cls;\n      acc.prefix = getCanonicalPrefix(cls, {\n        family: family\n      });\n    } else if (iconName) {\n      acc.iconName = iconName;\n    } else if (cls !== config.replacementClass && cls !== famProps[FAMILY_CLASSIC] && cls !== famProps[FAMILY_SHARP]) {\n      acc.rest.push(cls);\n    }\n    if (!skipLookups && acc.prefix && acc.iconName) {\n      var shim = givenPrefix === 'fa' ? byOldName(acc.iconName) : {};\n      var aliasIconName = byAlias(acc.prefix, acc.iconName);\n      if (shim.prefix) {\n        givenPrefix = null;\n      }\n      acc.iconName = shim.iconName || aliasIconName || acc.iconName;\n      acc.prefix = shim.prefix || acc.prefix;\n      if (acc.prefix === 'far' && !styles['far'] && styles['fas'] && !config.autoFetchSvg) {\n        // Allow a fallback from the regular style to solid if regular is not available\n        // but only if we aren't auto-fetching SVGs\n        acc.prefix = 'fas';\n      }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, emptyCanonicalIcon());\n  if (values.includes('fa-brands') || values.includes('fab')) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fab';\n  }\n  if (values.includes('fa-duotone') || values.includes('fad')) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fad';\n  }\n  if (!canonical.prefix && family === FAMILY_SHARP && (styles['fass'] || config.autoFetchSvg)) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fass';\n    canonical.iconName = byAlias(canonical.prefix, canonical.iconName) || canonical.iconName;\n  }\n  if (canonical.prefix === 'fa' || givenPrefix === 'fa') {\n    // The fa prefix is not canonical. So if it has made it through until this point\n    // we will shift it to the correct prefix.\n    canonical.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix() || 'fas';\n  }\n  return canonical;\n}\nvar Library = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function Library() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Library);\n    this.definitions = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(Library, [{\n    key: \"add\",\n    value: function add() {\n      var _this = this;\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, definitions = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        definitions[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      var additions = definitions.reduce(this._pullDefinitions, {});\n      Object.keys(additions).forEach(function (key) {\n        _this.definitions[key] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, _this.definitions[key] || {}), additions[key]);\n        defineIcons(key, additions[key]); // TODO can we stop doing this? We can't get the icons by 'fa-solid' any longer so this probably needs to change\n\n        var longPrefix = PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC][key];\n        if (longPrefix) defineIcons(longPrefix, additions[key]);\n        build();\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reset\",\n    value: function reset() {\n      this.definitions = {};\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"_pullDefinitions\",\n    value: function _pullDefinitions(additions, definition) {\n      var normalized = definition.prefix && definition.iconName && definition.icon ? {\n        0: definition\n      } : definition;\n      Object.keys(normalized).map(function (key) {\n        var _normalized$key = normalized[key],\n          prefix = _normalized$key.prefix,\n          iconName = _normalized$key.iconName,\n          icon = _normalized$key.icon;\n        var aliases = icon[2];\n        if (!additions[prefix]) additions[prefix] = {};\n        if (aliases.length > 0) {\n          aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n            if (typeof alias === 'string') {\n              additions[prefix][alias] = icon;\n            }\n          });\n        }\n        additions[prefix][iconName] = icon;\n      });\n      return additions;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Library;\n}();\nvar _plugins = [];\nvar _hooks = {};\nvar providers = {};\nvar defaultProviderKeys = Object.keys(providers);\nfunction registerPlugins(nextPlugins, _ref) {\n  var obj = _ref.mixoutsTo;\n  _plugins = nextPlugins;\n  _hooks = {};\n  Object.keys(providers).forEach(function (k) {\n    if (defaultProviderKeys.indexOf(k) === -1) {\n      delete providers[k];\n    }\n  });\n  _plugins.forEach(function (plugin) {\n    var mixout = plugin.mixout ? plugin.mixout() : {};\n    Object.keys(mixout).forEach(function (tk) {\n      if (typeof mixout[tk] === 'function') {\n        obj[tk] = mixout[tk];\n      }\n      if (_typeof(mixout[tk]) === 'object') {\n        Object.keys(mixout[tk]).forEach(function (sk) {\n          if (!obj[tk]) {\n            obj[tk] = {};\n          }\n          obj[tk][sk] = mixout[tk][sk];\n        });\n      }\n    });\n    if (plugin.hooks) {\n      var hooks = plugin.hooks();\n      Object.keys(hooks).forEach(function (hook) {\n        if (!_hooks[hook]) {\n          _hooks[hook] = [];\n        }\n        _hooks[hook].push(hooks[hook]);\n      });\n    }\n    if (plugin.provides) {\n      plugin.provides(providers);\n    }\n  });\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction chainHooks(hook, accumulator) {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 2 ? _len - 2 : 0), _key = 2; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key - 2] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  var hookFns = _hooks[hook] || [];\n  hookFns.forEach(function (hookFn) {\n    accumulator = hookFn.apply(null, [accumulator].concat(args)); // eslint-disable-line no-useless-call\n  });\n\n  return accumulator;\n}\nfunction callHooks(hook) {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  var hookFns = _hooks[hook] || [];\n  hookFns.forEach(function (hookFn) {\n    hookFn.apply(null, args);\n  });\n  return undefined;\n}\nfunction callProvided() {\n  var hook = arguments[0];\n  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);\n  return providers[hook] ? providers[hook].apply(null, args) : undefined;\n}\nfunction findIconDefinition(iconLookup) {\n  if (iconLookup.prefix === 'fa') {\n    iconLookup.prefix = 'fas';\n  }\n  var iconName = iconLookup.iconName;\n  var prefix = iconLookup.prefix || getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  if (!iconName) return;\n  iconName = byAlias(prefix, iconName) || iconName;\n  return iconFromMapping(library.definitions, prefix, iconName) || iconFromMapping(namespace.styles, prefix, iconName);\n}\nvar library = new Library();\nvar noAuto = function noAuto() {\n  config.autoReplaceSvg = false;\n  config.observeMutations = false;\n  callHooks('noAuto');\n};\nvar dom = {\n  i2svg: function i2svg() {\n    var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    if (IS_DOM) {\n      callHooks('beforeI2svg', params);\n      callProvided('pseudoElements2svg', params);\n      return callProvided('i2svg', params);\n    } else {\n      return Promise.reject('Operation requires a DOM of some kind.');\n    }\n  },\n  watch: function watch() {\n    var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var autoReplaceSvgRoot = params.autoReplaceSvgRoot;\n    if (config.autoReplaceSvg === false) {\n      config.autoReplaceSvg = true;\n    }\n    config.observeMutations = true;\n    domready(function () {\n      autoReplace({\n        autoReplaceSvgRoot: autoReplaceSvgRoot\n      });\n      callHooks('watch', params);\n    });\n  }\n};\nvar parse = {\n  icon: function icon(_icon) {\n    if (_icon === null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (_typeof(_icon) === 'object' && _icon.prefix && _icon.iconName) {\n      return {\n        prefix: _icon.prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(_icon.prefix, _icon.iconName) || _icon.iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (Array.isArray(_icon) && _icon.length === 2) {\n      var iconName = _icon[1].indexOf('fa-') === 0 ? _icon[1].slice(3) : _icon[1];\n      var prefix = getCanonicalPrefix(_icon[0]);\n      return {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(prefix, iconName) || iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof _icon === 'string' && (_icon.indexOf(\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\")) > -1 || _icon.match(ICON_SELECTION_SYNTAX_PATTERN))) {\n      var canonicalIcon = getCanonicalIcon(_icon.split(' '), {\n        skipLookups: true\n      });\n      return {\n        prefix: canonicalIcon.prefix || getDefaultUsablePrefix(),\n        iconName: byAlias(canonicalIcon.prefix, canonicalIcon.iconName) || canonicalIcon.iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof _icon === 'string') {\n      var _prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n      return {\n        prefix: _prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(_prefix, _icon) || _icon\n      };\n    }\n  }\n};\nvar api = {\n  noAuto: noAuto,\n  config: config,\n  dom: dom,\n  parse: parse,\n  library: library,\n  findIconDefinition: findIconDefinition,\n  toHtml: toHtml\n};\nvar autoReplace = function autoReplace() {\n  var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var _params$autoReplaceSv = params.autoReplaceSvgRoot,\n    autoReplaceSvgRoot = _params$autoReplaceSv === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$autoReplaceSv;\n  if ((Object.keys(namespace.styles).length > 0 || config.autoFetchSvg) && IS_DOM && config.autoReplaceSvg) api.dom.i2svg({\n    node: autoReplaceSvgRoot\n  });\n};\nfunction domVariants(val, abstractCreator) {\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'abstract', {\n    get: abstractCreator\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'html', {\n    get: function get() {\n      return val.abstract.map(function (a) {\n        return toHtml(a);\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'node', {\n    get: function get() {\n      if (!IS_DOM) return;\n      var container = DOCUMENT.createElement('div');\n      container.innerHTML = val.html;\n      return container.children;\n    }\n  });\n  return val;\n}\nfunction asIcon(_ref) {\n  var children = _ref.children,\n    main = _ref.main,\n    mask = _ref.mask,\n    attributes = _ref.attributes,\n    styles = _ref.styles,\n    transform = _ref.transform;\n  if (transformIsMeaningful(transform) && main.found && !mask.found) {\n    var width = main.width,\n      height = main.height;\n    var offset = {\n      x: width / height / 2,\n      y: 0.5\n    };\n    attributes['style'] = joinStyles(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, styles), {}, {\n      'transform-origin': \"\".concat(offset.x + transform.x / 16, \"em \").concat(offset.y + transform.y / 16, \"em\")\n    }));\n  }\n  return [{\n    tag: 'svg',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: children\n  }];\n}\nfunction asSymbol(_ref) {\n  var prefix = _ref.prefix,\n    iconName = _ref.iconName,\n    children = _ref.children,\n    attributes = _ref.attributes,\n    symbol = _ref.symbol;\n  var id = symbol === true ? \"\".concat(prefix, \"-\").concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(iconName) : symbol;\n  return [{\n    tag: 'svg',\n    attributes: {\n      style: 'display: none;'\n    },\n    children: [{\n      tag: 'symbol',\n      attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, attributes), {}, {\n        id: id\n      }),\n      children: children\n    }]\n  }];\n}\nfunction makeInlineSvgAbstract(params) {\n  var _params$icons = params.icons,\n    main = _params$icons.main,\n    mask = _params$icons.mask,\n    prefix = params.prefix,\n    iconName = params.iconName,\n    transform = params.transform,\n    symbol = params.symbol,\n    title = params.title,\n    maskId = params.maskId,\n    titleId = params.titleId,\n    extra = params.extra,\n    _params$watchable = params.watchable,\n    watchable = _params$watchable === void 0 ? false : _params$watchable;\n  var _ref = mask.found ? mask : main,\n    width = _ref.width,\n    height = _ref.height;\n  var isUploadedIcon = prefix === 'fak';\n  var attrClass = [config.replacementClass, iconName ? \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(iconName) : ''].filter(function (c) {\n    return extra.classes.indexOf(c) === -1;\n  }).filter(function (c) {\n    return c !== '' || !!c;\n  }).concat(extra.classes).join(' ');\n  var content = {\n    children: [],\n    attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), {}, {\n      'data-prefix': prefix,\n      'data-icon': iconName,\n      'class': attrClass,\n      'role': extra.attributes.role || 'img',\n      'xmlns': 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',\n      'viewBox': \"0 0 \".concat(width, \" \").concat(height)\n    })\n  };\n  var uploadedIconWidthStyle = isUploadedIcon && !~extra.classes.indexOf('fa-fw') ? {\n    width: \"\".concat(width / height * 16 * 0.0625, \"em\")\n  } : {};\n  if (watchable) {\n    content.attributes[DATA_FA_I2SVG] = '';\n  }\n  if (title) {\n    content.children.push({\n      tag: 'title',\n      attributes: {\n        id: content.attributes['aria-labelledby'] || \"title-\".concat(titleId || nextUniqueId())\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n    delete content.attributes.title;\n  }\n  var args = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, content), {}, {\n    prefix: prefix,\n    iconName: iconName,\n    main: main,\n    mask: mask,\n    maskId: maskId,\n    transform: transform,\n    symbol: symbol,\n    styles: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, uploadedIconWidthStyle), extra.styles)\n  });\n  var _ref2 = mask.found && main.found ? callProvided('generateAbstractMask', args) || {\n      children: [],\n      attributes: {}\n    } : callProvided('generateAbstractIcon', args) || {\n      children: [],\n      attributes: {}\n    },\n    children = _ref2.children,\n    attributes = _ref2.attributes;\n  args.children = children;\n  args.attributes = attributes;\n  if (symbol) {\n    return asSymbol(args);\n  } else {\n    return asIcon(args);\n  }\n}\nfunction makeLayersTextAbstract(params) {\n  var content = params.content,\n    width = params.width,\n    height = params.height,\n    transform = params.transform,\n    title = params.title,\n    extra = params.extra,\n    _params$watchable2 = params.watchable,\n    watchable = _params$watchable2 === void 0 ? false : _params$watchable2;\n  var attributes = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), title ? {\n    'title': title\n  } : {}), {}, {\n    'class': extra.classes.join(' ')\n  });\n  if (watchable) {\n    attributes[DATA_FA_I2SVG] = '';\n  }\n  var styles = _objectSpread2({}, extra.styles);\n  if (transformIsMeaningful(transform)) {\n    styles['transform'] = transformForCss({\n      transform: transform,\n      startCentered: true,\n      width: width,\n      height: height\n    });\n    styles['-webkit-transform'] = styles['transform'];\n  }\n  var styleString = joinStyles(styles);\n  if (styleString.length > 0) {\n    attributes['style'] = styleString;\n  }\n  var val = [];\n  val.push({\n    tag: 'span',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: [content]\n  });\n  if (title) {\n    val.push({\n      tag: 'span',\n      attributes: {\n        class: 'sr-only'\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction makeLayersCounterAbstract(params) {\n  var content = params.content,\n    title = params.title,\n    extra = params.extra;\n  var attributes = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), title ? {\n    'title': title\n  } : {}), {}, {\n    'class': extra.classes.join(' ')\n  });\n  var styleString = joinStyles(extra.styles);\n  if (styleString.length > 0) {\n    attributes['style'] = styleString;\n  }\n  var val = [];\n  val.push({\n    tag: 'span',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: [content]\n  });\n  if (title) {\n    val.push({\n      tag: 'span',\n      attributes: {\n        class: 'sr-only'\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nvar styles$1 = namespace.styles;\nfunction asFoundIcon(icon) {\n  var width = icon[0];\n  var height = icon[1];\n  var _icon$slice = icon.slice(4),\n    _icon$slice2 = _slicedToArray(_icon$slice, 1),\n    vectorData = _icon$slice2[0];\n  var element = null;\n  if (Array.isArray(vectorData)) {\n    element = {\n      tag: 'g',\n      attributes: {\n        class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.GROUP)\n      },\n      children: [{\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: {\n          class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.SECONDARY),\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          d: vectorData[0]\n        }\n      }, {\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: {\n          class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.PRIMARY),\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          d: vectorData[1]\n        }\n      }]\n    };\n  } else {\n    element = {\n      tag: 'path',\n      attributes: {\n        fill: 'currentColor',\n        d: vectorData\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    found: true,\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    icon: element\n  };\n}\nvar missingIconResolutionMixin = {\n  found: false,\n  width: 512,\n  height: 512\n};\nfunction maybeNotifyMissing(iconName, prefix) {\n  if (!PRODUCTION && !config.showMissingIcons && iconName) {\n    console.error(\"Icon with name \\\"\".concat(iconName, \"\\\" and prefix \\\"\").concat(prefix, \"\\\" is missing.\"));\n  }\n}\nfunction findIcon(iconName, prefix) {\n  var givenPrefix = prefix;\n  if (prefix === 'fa' && config.styleDefault !== null) {\n    prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  }\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    var val = {\n      found: false,\n      width: 512,\n      height: 512,\n      icon: callProvided('missingIconAbstract') || {}\n    };\n    if (givenPrefix === 'fa') {\n      var shim = byOldName(iconName) || {};\n      iconName = shim.iconName || iconName;\n      prefix = shim.prefix || prefix;\n    }\n    if (iconName && prefix && styles$1[prefix] && styles$1[prefix][iconName]) {\n      var icon = styles$1[prefix][iconName];\n      return resolve(asFoundIcon(icon));\n    }\n    maybeNotifyMissing(iconName, prefix);\n    resolve(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, missingIconResolutionMixin), {}, {\n      icon: config.showMissingIcons && iconName ? callProvided('missingIconAbstract') || {} : {}\n    }));\n  });\n}\nvar noop$1 = function noop() {};\nvar p = config.measurePerformance && PERFORMANCE && PERFORMANCE.mark && PERFORMANCE.measure ? PERFORMANCE : {\n  mark: noop$1,\n  measure: noop$1\n};\nvar preamble = \"FA \\\"6.2.1\\\"\";\nvar begin = function begin(name) {\n  p.mark(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" begins\"));\n  return function () {\n    return end(name);\n  };\n};\nvar end = function end(name) {\n  p.mark(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" ends\"));\n  p.measure(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name), \"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" begins\"), \"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" ends\"));\n};\nvar perf = {\n  begin: begin,\n  end: end\n};\nvar noop$2 = function noop() {};\nfunction isWatched(node) {\n  var i2svg = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG) : null;\n  return typeof i2svg === 'string';\n}\nfunction hasPrefixAndIcon(node) {\n  var prefix = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_PREFIX) : null;\n  var icon = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_ICON) : null;\n  return prefix && icon;\n}\nfunction hasBeenReplaced(node) {\n  return node && node.classList && node.classList.contains && node.classList.contains(config.replacementClass);\n}\nfunction getMutator() {\n  if (config.autoReplaceSvg === true) {\n    return mutators.replace;\n  }\n  var mutator = mutators[config.autoReplaceSvg];\n  return mutator || mutators.replace;\n}\nfunction createElementNS(tag) {\n  return DOCUMENT.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', tag);\n}\nfunction createElement(tag) {\n  return DOCUMENT.createElement(tag);\n}\nfunction convertSVG(abstractObj) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$ceFn = params.ceFn,\n    ceFn = _params$ceFn === void 0 ? abstractObj.tag === 'svg' ? createElementNS : createElement : _params$ceFn;\n  if (typeof abstractObj === 'string') {\n    return DOCUMENT.createTextNode(abstractObj);\n  }\n  var tag = ceFn(abstractObj.tag);\n  Object.keys(abstractObj.attributes || []).forEach(function (key) {\n    tag.setAttribute(key, abstractObj.attributes[key]);\n  });\n  var children = abstractObj.children || [];\n  children.forEach(function (child) {\n    tag.appendChild(convertSVG(child, {\n      ceFn: ceFn\n    }));\n  });\n  return tag;\n}\nfunction nodeAsComment(node) {\n  var comment = \" \".concat(node.outerHTML, \" \");\n  /* BEGIN.ATTRIBUTION */\n\n  comment = \"\".concat(comment, \"Font Awesome fontawesome.com \");\n  /* END.ATTRIBUTION */\n\n  return comment;\n}\nvar mutators = {\n  replace: function replace(mutation) {\n    var node = mutation[0];\n    if (node.parentNode) {\n      mutation[1].forEach(function (abstract) {\n        node.parentNode.insertBefore(convertSVG(abstract), node);\n      });\n      if (node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG) === null && config.keepOriginalSource) {\n        var comment = DOCUMENT.createComment(nodeAsComment(node));\n        node.parentNode.replaceChild(comment, node);\n      } else {\n        node.remove();\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  nest: function nest(mutation) {\n    var node = mutation[0];\n    var abstract = mutation[1]; // If we already have a replaced node we do not want to continue nesting within it.\n    // Short-circuit to the standard replacement\n\n    if (~classArray(node).indexOf(config.replacementClass)) {\n      return mutators.replace(mutation);\n    }\n    var forSvg = new RegExp(\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-.*\"));\n    delete abstract[0].attributes.id;\n    if (abstract[0].attributes.class) {\n      var splitClasses = abstract[0].attributes.class.split(' ').reduce(function (acc, cls) {\n        if (cls === config.replacementClass || cls.match(forSvg)) {\n          acc.toSvg.push(cls);\n        } else {\n          acc.toNode.push(cls);\n        }\n        return acc;\n      }, {\n        toNode: [],\n        toSvg: []\n      });\n      abstract[0].attributes.class = splitClasses.toSvg.join(' ');\n      if (splitClasses.toNode.length === 0) {\n        node.removeAttribute('class');\n      } else {\n        node.setAttribute('class', splitClasses.toNode.join(' '));\n      }\n    }\n    var newInnerHTML = abstract.map(function (a) {\n      return toHtml(a);\n    }).join('\\n');\n    node.setAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG, '');\n    node.innerHTML = newInnerHTML;\n  }\n};\nfunction performOperationSync(op) {\n  op();\n}\nfunction perform(mutations, callback) {\n  var callbackFunction = typeof callback === 'function' ? callback : noop$2;\n  if (mutations.length === 0) {\n    callbackFunction();\n  } else {\n    var frame = performOperationSync;\n    if (config.mutateApproach === MUTATION_APPROACH_ASYNC) {\n      frame = WINDOW.requestAnimationFrame || performOperationSync;\n    }\n    frame(function () {\n      var mutator = getMutator();\n      var mark = perf.begin('mutate');\n      mutations.map(mutator);\n      mark();\n      callbackFunction();\n    });\n  }\n}\nvar disabled = false;\nfunction disableObservation() {\n  disabled = true;\n}\nfunction enableObservation() {\n  disabled = false;\n}\nvar mo = null;\nfunction observe(options) {\n  if (!MUTATION_OBSERVER) {\n    return;\n  }\n  if (!config.observeMutations) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var _options$treeCallback = options.treeCallback,\n    treeCallback = _options$treeCallback === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$treeCallback,\n    _options$nodeCallback = options.nodeCallback,\n    nodeCallback = _options$nodeCallback === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$nodeCallback,\n    _options$pseudoElemen = options.pseudoElementsCallback,\n    pseudoElementsCallback = _options$pseudoElemen === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$pseudoElemen,\n    _options$observeMutat = options.observeMutationsRoot,\n    observeMutationsRoot = _options$observeMutat === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _options$observeMutat;\n  mo = new MUTATION_OBSERVER(function (objects) {\n    if (disabled) return;\n    var defaultPrefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n    toArray(objects).forEach(function (mutationRecord) {\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'childList' && mutationRecord.addedNodes.length > 0 && !isWatched(mutationRecord.addedNodes[0])) {\n        if (config.searchPseudoElements) {\n          pseudoElementsCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n        }\n        treeCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n      }\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'attributes' && mutationRecord.target.parentNode && config.searchPseudoElements) {\n        pseudoElementsCallback(mutationRecord.target.parentNode);\n      }\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'attributes' && isWatched(mutationRecord.target) && ~ATTRIBUTES_WATCHED_FOR_MUTATION.indexOf(mutationRecord.attributeName)) {\n        if (mutationRecord.attributeName === 'class' && hasPrefixAndIcon(mutationRecord.target)) {\n          var _getCanonicalIcon = getCanonicalIcon(classArray(mutationRecord.target)),\n            prefix = _getCanonicalIcon.prefix,\n            iconName = _getCanonicalIcon.iconName;\n          mutationRecord.target.setAttribute(DATA_PREFIX, prefix || defaultPrefix);\n          if (iconName) mutationRecord.target.setAttribute(DATA_ICON, iconName);\n        } else if (hasBeenReplaced(mutationRecord.target)) {\n          nodeCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n        }\n      }\n    });\n  });\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  mo.observe(observeMutationsRoot, {\n    childList: true,\n    attributes: true,\n    characterData: true,\n    subtree: true\n  });\n}\nfunction disconnect() {\n  if (!mo) return;\n  mo.disconnect();\n}\nfunction styleParser(node) {\n  var style = node.getAttribute('style');\n  var val = [];\n  if (style) {\n    val = style.split(';').reduce(function (acc, style) {\n      var styles = style.split(':');\n      var prop = styles[0];\n      var value = styles.slice(1);\n      if (prop && value.length > 0) {\n        acc[prop] = value.join(':').trim();\n      }\n      return acc;\n    }, {});\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction classParser(node) {\n  var existingPrefix = node.getAttribute('data-prefix');\n  var existingIconName = node.getAttribute('data-icon');\n  var innerText = node.innerText !== undefined ? node.innerText.trim() : '';\n  var val = getCanonicalIcon(classArray(node));\n  if (!val.prefix) {\n    val.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  }\n  if (existingPrefix && existingIconName) {\n    val.prefix = existingPrefix;\n    val.iconName = existingIconName;\n  }\n  if (val.iconName && val.prefix) {\n    return val;\n  }\n  if (val.prefix && innerText.length > 0) {\n    val.iconName = byLigature(val.prefix, node.innerText) || byUnicode(val.prefix, toHex(node.innerText));\n  }\n  if (!val.iconName && config.autoFetchSvg && node.firstChild && node.firstChild.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n    val.iconName = node.firstChild.data;\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction attributesParser(node) {\n  var extraAttributes = toArray(node.attributes).reduce(function (acc, attr) {\n    if (acc.name !== 'class' && acc.name !== 'style') {\n      acc[attr.name] = attr.value;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n  var title = node.getAttribute('title');\n  var titleId = node.getAttribute('data-fa-title-id');\n  if (config.autoA11y) {\n    if (title) {\n      extraAttributes['aria-labelledby'] = \"\".concat(config.replacementClass, \"-title-\").concat(titleId || nextUniqueId());\n    } else {\n      extraAttributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n      extraAttributes['focusable'] = 'false';\n    }\n  }\n  return extraAttributes;\n}\nfunction blankMeta() {\n  return {\n    iconName: null,\n    title: null,\n    titleId: null,\n    prefix: null,\n    transform: meaninglessTransform,\n    symbol: false,\n    mask: {\n      iconName: null,\n      prefix: null,\n      rest: []\n    },\n    maskId: null,\n    extra: {\n      classes: [],\n      styles: {},\n      attributes: {}\n    }\n  };\n}\nfunction parseMeta(node) {\n  var parser = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n    styleParser: true\n  };\n  var _classParser = classParser(node),\n    iconName = _classParser.iconName,\n    prefix = _classParser.prefix,\n    extraClasses = _classParser.rest;\n  var extraAttributes = attributesParser(node);\n  var pluginMeta = chainHooks('parseNodeAttributes', {}, node);\n  var extraStyles = parser.styleParser ? styleParser(node) : [];\n  return _objectSpread2({\n    iconName: iconName,\n    title: node.getAttribute('title'),\n    titleId: node.getAttribute('data-fa-title-id'),\n    prefix: prefix,\n    transform: meaninglessTransform,\n    mask: {\n      iconName: null,\n      prefix: null,\n      rest: []\n    },\n    maskId: null,\n    symbol: false,\n    extra: {\n      classes: extraClasses,\n      styles: extraStyles,\n      attributes: extraAttributes\n    }\n  }, pluginMeta);\n}\nvar styles$2 = namespace.styles;\nfunction generateMutation(node) {\n  var nodeMeta = config.autoReplaceSvg === 'nest' ? parseMeta(node, {\n    styleParser: false\n  }) : parseMeta(node);\n  if (~nodeMeta.extra.classes.indexOf(LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME)) {\n    return callProvided('generateLayersText', node, nodeMeta);\n  } else {\n    return callProvided('generateSvgReplacementMutation', node, nodeMeta);\n  }\n}\nvar knownPrefixes = new Set();\nFAMILIES.map(function (family) {\n  knownPrefixes.add(\"fa-\".concat(family));\n});\nObject.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC]).map(knownPrefixes.add.bind(knownPrefixes));\nObject.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP]).map(knownPrefixes.add.bind(knownPrefixes));\nknownPrefixes = _toConsumableArray(knownPrefixes);\nfunction onTree(root) {\n  var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : null;\n  if (!IS_DOM) return Promise.resolve();\n  var htmlClassList = DOCUMENT.documentElement.classList;\n  var hclAdd = function hclAdd(suffix) {\n    return htmlClassList.add(\"\".concat(HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS, \"-\").concat(suffix));\n  };\n  var hclRemove = function hclRemove(suffix) {\n    return htmlClassList.remove(\"\".concat(HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS, \"-\").concat(suffix));\n  };\n  var prefixes = config.autoFetchSvg ? knownPrefixes : FAMILIES.map(function (f) {\n    return \"fa-\".concat(f);\n  }).concat(Object.keys(styles$2));\n  if (!prefixes.includes('fa')) {\n    prefixes.push('fa');\n  }\n  var prefixesDomQuery = [\".\".concat(LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME, \":not([\").concat(DATA_FA_I2SVG, \"])\")].concat(prefixes.map(function (p) {\n    return \".\".concat(p, \":not([\").concat(DATA_FA_I2SVG, \"])\");\n  })).join(', ');\n  if (prefixesDomQuery.length === 0) {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n  var candidates = [];\n  try {\n    candidates = toArray(root.querySelectorAll(prefixesDomQuery));\n  } catch (e) {// noop\n  }\n  if (candidates.length > 0) {\n    hclAdd('pending');\n    hclRemove('complete');\n  } else {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n  var mark = perf.begin('onTree');\n  var mutations = candidates.reduce(function (acc, node) {\n    try {\n      var mutation = generateMutation(node);\n      if (mutation) {\n        acc.push(mutation);\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      if (!PRODUCTION) {\n        if (e.name === 'MissingIcon') {\n          console.error(e);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, []);\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    Promise.all(mutations).then(function (resolvedMutations) {\n      perform(resolvedMutations, function () {\n        hclAdd('active');\n        hclAdd('complete');\n        hclRemove('pending');\n        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();\n        mark();\n        resolve();\n      });\n    }).catch(function (e) {\n      mark();\n      reject(e);\n    });\n  });\n}\nfunction onNode(node) {\n  var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : null;\n  generateMutation(node).then(function (mutation) {\n    if (mutation) {\n      perform([mutation], callback);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction resolveIcons(next) {\n  return function (maybeIconDefinition) {\n    var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    var iconDefinition = (maybeIconDefinition || {}).icon ? maybeIconDefinition : findIconDefinition(maybeIconDefinition || {});\n    var mask = params.mask;\n    if (mask) {\n      mask = (mask || {}).icon ? mask : findIconDefinition(mask || {});\n    }\n    return next(iconDefinition, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, params), {}, {\n      mask: mask\n    }));\n  };\n}\nvar render = function render(iconDefinition) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$transform = params.transform,\n    transform = _params$transform === void 0 ? meaninglessTransform : _params$transform,\n    _params$symbol = params.symbol,\n    symbol = _params$symbol === void 0 ? false : _params$symbol,\n    _params$mask = params.mask,\n    mask = _params$mask === void 0 ? null : _params$mask,\n    _params$maskId = params.maskId,\n    maskId = _params$maskId === void 0 ? null : _params$maskId,\n    _params$title = params.title,\n    title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n    _params$titleId = params.titleId,\n    titleId = _params$titleId === void 0 ? null : _params$titleId,\n    _params$classes = params.classes,\n    classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n    _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n    attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n    _params$styles = params.styles,\n    styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n  if (!iconDefinition) return;\n  var prefix = iconDefinition.prefix,\n    iconName = iconDefinition.iconName,\n    icon = iconDefinition.icon;\n  return domVariants(_objectSpread2({\n    type: 'icon'\n  }, iconDefinition), function () {\n    callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n      iconDefinition: iconDefinition,\n      params: params\n    });\n    if (config.autoA11y) {\n      if (title) {\n        attributes['aria-labelledby'] = \"\".concat(config.replacementClass, \"-title-\").concat(titleId || nextUniqueId());\n      } else {\n        attributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n        attributes['focusable'] = 'false';\n      }\n    }\n    return makeInlineSvgAbstract({\n      icons: {\n        main: asFoundIcon(icon),\n        mask: mask ? asFoundIcon(mask.icon) : {\n          found: false,\n          width: null,\n          height: null,\n          icon: {}\n        }\n      },\n      prefix: prefix,\n      iconName: iconName,\n      transform: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meaninglessTransform), transform),\n      symbol: symbol,\n      title: title,\n      maskId: maskId,\n      titleId: titleId,\n      extra: {\n        attributes: attributes,\n        styles: styles,\n        classes: classes\n      }\n    });\n  });\n};\nvar ReplaceElements = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      icon: resolveIcons(render)\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      mutationObserverCallbacks: function mutationObserverCallbacks(accumulator) {\n        accumulator.treeCallback = onTree;\n        accumulator.nodeCallback = onNode;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.i2svg = function (params) {\n      var _params$node = params.node,\n        node = _params$node === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$node,\n        _params$callback = params.callback,\n        callback = _params$callback === void 0 ? function () {} : _params$callback;\n      return onTree(node, callback);\n    };\n    providers$$1.generateSvgReplacementMutation = function (node, nodeMeta) {\n      var iconName = nodeMeta.iconName,\n        title = nodeMeta.title,\n        titleId = nodeMeta.titleId,\n        prefix = nodeMeta.prefix,\n        transform = nodeMeta.transform,\n        symbol = nodeMeta.symbol,\n        mask = nodeMeta.mask,\n        maskId = nodeMeta.maskId,\n        extra = nodeMeta.extra;\n      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n        Promise.all([findIcon(iconName, prefix), mask.iconName ? findIcon(mask.iconName, mask.prefix) : Promise.resolve({\n          found: false,\n          width: 512,\n          height: 512,\n          icon: {}\n        })]).then(function (_ref) {\n          var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n            main = _ref2[0],\n            mask = _ref2[1];\n          resolve([node, makeInlineSvgAbstract({\n            icons: {\n              main: main,\n              mask: mask\n            },\n            prefix: prefix,\n            iconName: iconName,\n            transform: transform,\n            symbol: symbol,\n            maskId: maskId,\n            title: title,\n            titleId: titleId,\n            extra: extra,\n            watchable: true\n          })]);\n        }).catch(reject);\n      });\n    };\n    providers$$1.generateAbstractIcon = function (_ref3) {\n      var children = _ref3.children,\n        attributes = _ref3.attributes,\n        main = _ref3.main,\n        transform = _ref3.transform,\n        styles = _ref3.styles;\n      var styleString = joinStyles(styles);\n      if (styleString.length > 0) {\n        attributes['style'] = styleString;\n      }\n      var nextChild;\n      if (transformIsMeaningful(transform)) {\n        nextChild = callProvided('generateAbstractTransformGrouping', {\n          main: main,\n          transform: transform,\n          containerWidth: main.width,\n          iconWidth: main.width\n        });\n      }\n      children.push(nextChild || main.icon);\n      return {\n        children: children,\n        attributes: attributes\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar Layers = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      layer: function layer(assembler) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'layer'\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            assembler: assembler,\n            params: params\n          });\n          var children = [];\n          assembler(function (args) {\n            Array.isArray(args) ? args.map(function (a) {\n              children = children.concat(a.abstract);\n            }) : children = children.concat(args.abstract);\n          });\n          return [{\n            tag: 'span',\n            attributes: {\n              class: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes)).join(' ')\n            },\n            children: children\n          }];\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar LayersCounter = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      counter: function counter(content) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$title = params.title,\n          title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n          _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n          _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n          attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n          _params$styles = params.styles,\n          styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'counter',\n          content: content\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            content: content,\n            params: params\n          });\n          return makeLayersCounterAbstract({\n            content: content.toString(),\n            title: title,\n            extra: {\n              attributes: attributes,\n              styles: styles,\n              classes: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers-counter\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes))\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar LayersText = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      text: function text(content) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$transform = params.transform,\n          transform = _params$transform === void 0 ? meaninglessTransform : _params$transform,\n          _params$title = params.title,\n          title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n          _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n          _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n          attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n          _params$styles = params.styles,\n          styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'text',\n          content: content\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            content: content,\n            params: params\n          });\n          return makeLayersTextAbstract({\n            content: content,\n            transform: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meaninglessTransform), transform),\n            title: title,\n            extra: {\n              attributes: attributes,\n              styles: styles,\n              classes: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers-text\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes))\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.generateLayersText = function (node, nodeMeta) {\n      var title = nodeMeta.title,\n        transform = nodeMeta.transform,\n        extra = nodeMeta.extra;\n      var width = null;\n      var height = null;\n      if (IS_IE) {\n        var computedFontSize = parseInt(getComputedStyle(node).fontSize, 10);\n        var boundingClientRect = node.getBoundingClientRect();\n        width = boundingClientRect.width / computedFontSize;\n        height = boundingClientRect.height / computedFontSize;\n      }\n      if (config.autoA11y && !title) {\n        extra.attributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n      }\n      return Promise.resolve([node, makeLayersTextAbstract({\n        content: node.innerHTML,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        transform: transform,\n        title: title,\n        extra: extra,\n        watchable: true\n      })]);\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar CLEAN_CONTENT_PATTERN = new RegExp(\"\\\"\", 'ug');\nvar SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE = [1105920, 1112319];\nfunction hexValueFromContent(content) {\n  var cleaned = content.replace(CLEAN_CONTENT_PATTERN, '');\n  var codePoint = codePointAt(cleaned, 0);\n  var isPrependTen = codePoint >= SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE[0] && codePoint <= SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE[1];\n  var isDoubled = cleaned.length === 2 ? cleaned[0] === cleaned[1] : false;\n  return {\n    value: isDoubled ? toHex(cleaned[0]) : toHex(cleaned),\n    isSecondary: isPrependTen || isDoubled\n  };\n}\nfunction replaceForPosition(node, position) {\n  var pendingAttribute = \"\".concat(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT_PENDING).concat(position.replace(':', '-'));\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    if (node.getAttribute(pendingAttribute) !== null) {\n      // This node is already being processed\n      return resolve();\n    }\n    var children = toArray(node.children);\n    var alreadyProcessedPseudoElement = children.filter(function (c) {\n      return c.getAttribute(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT) === position;\n    })[0];\n    var styles = WINDOW.getComputedStyle(node, position);\n    var fontFamily = styles.getPropertyValue('font-family').match(FONT_FAMILY_PATTERN);\n    var fontWeight = styles.getPropertyValue('font-weight');\n    var content = styles.getPropertyValue('content');\n    if (alreadyProcessedPseudoElement && !fontFamily) {\n      // If we've already processed it but the current computed style does not result in a font-family,\n      // that probably means that a class name that was previously present to make the icon has been\n      // removed. So we now should delete the icon.\n      node.removeChild(alreadyProcessedPseudoElement);\n      return resolve();\n    } else if (fontFamily && content !== 'none' && content !== '') {\n      var _content = styles.getPropertyValue('content');\n      var family = ~['Sharp'].indexOf(fontFamily[2]) ? FAMILY_SHARP : FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n      var prefix = ~['Solid', 'Regular', 'Light', 'Thin', 'Duotone', 'Brands', 'Kit'].indexOf(fontFamily[2]) ? STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][fontFamily[2].toLowerCase()] : FONT_WEIGHT_TO_PREFIX[family][fontWeight];\n      var _hexValueFromContent = hexValueFromContent(_content),\n        hexValue = _hexValueFromContent.value,\n        isSecondary = _hexValueFromContent.isSecondary;\n      var isV4 = fontFamily[0].startsWith('FontAwesome');\n      var iconName = byUnicode(prefix, hexValue);\n      var iconIdentifier = iconName;\n      if (isV4) {\n        var iconName4 = byOldUnicode(hexValue);\n        if (iconName4.iconName && iconName4.prefix) {\n          iconName = iconName4.iconName;\n          prefix = iconName4.prefix;\n        }\n      } // Only convert the pseudo element in this ::before/::after position into an icon if we haven't\n      // already done so with the same prefix and iconName\n\n      if (iconName && !isSecondary && (!alreadyProcessedPseudoElement || alreadyProcessedPseudoElement.getAttribute(DATA_PREFIX) !== prefix || alreadyProcessedPseudoElement.getAttribute(DATA_ICON) !== iconIdentifier)) {\n        node.setAttribute(pendingAttribute, iconIdentifier);\n        if (alreadyProcessedPseudoElement) {\n          // Delete the old one, since we're replacing it with a new one\n          node.removeChild(alreadyProcessedPseudoElement);\n        }\n        var meta = blankMeta();\n        var extra = meta.extra;\n        extra.attributes[DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT] = position;\n        findIcon(iconName, prefix).then(function (main) {\n          var abstract = makeInlineSvgAbstract(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meta), {}, {\n            icons: {\n              main: main,\n              mask: emptyCanonicalIcon()\n            },\n            prefix: prefix,\n            iconName: iconIdentifier,\n            extra: extra,\n            watchable: true\n          }));\n          var element = DOCUMENT.createElement('svg');\n          if (position === '::before') {\n            node.insertBefore(element, node.firstChild);\n          } else {\n            node.appendChild(element);\n          }\n          element.outerHTML = abstract.map(function (a) {\n            return toHtml(a);\n          }).join('\\n');\n          node.removeAttribute(pendingAttribute);\n          resolve();\n        }).catch(reject);\n      } else {\n        resolve();\n      }\n    } else {\n      resolve();\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction replace(node) {\n  return Promise.all([replaceForPosition(node, '::before'), replaceForPosition(node, '::after')]);\n}\nfunction processable(node) {\n  return node.parentNode !== document.head && !~TAGNAMES_TO_SKIP_FOR_PSEUDOELEMENTS.indexOf(node.tagName.toUpperCase()) && !node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT) && (!node.parentNode || node.parentNode.tagName !== 'svg');\n}\nfunction searchPseudoElements(root) {\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    var operations = toArray(root.querySelectorAll('*')).filter(processable).map(replace);\n    var end = perf.begin('searchPseudoElements');\n    disableObservation();\n    Promise.all(operations).then(function () {\n      end();\n      enableObservation();\n      resolve();\n    }).catch(function () {\n      end();\n      enableObservation();\n      reject();\n    });\n  });\n}\nvar PseudoElements = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      mutationObserverCallbacks: function mutationObserverCallbacks(accumulator) {\n        accumulator.pseudoElementsCallback = searchPseudoElements;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.pseudoElements2svg = function (params) {\n      var _params$node = params.node,\n        node = _params$node === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$node;\n      if (config.searchPseudoElements) {\n        searchPseudoElements(node);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar _unwatched = false;\nvar MutationObserver$1 = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      dom: {\n        unwatch: function unwatch() {\n          disableObservation();\n          _unwatched = true;\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      bootstrap: function bootstrap() {\n        observe(chainHooks('mutationObserverCallbacks', {}));\n      },\n      noAuto: function noAuto() {\n        disconnect();\n      },\n      watch: function watch(params) {\n        var observeMutationsRoot = params.observeMutationsRoot;\n        if (_unwatched) {\n          enableObservation();\n        } else {\n          observe(chainHooks('mutationObserverCallbacks', {\n            observeMutationsRoot: observeMutationsRoot\n          }));\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar parseTransformString = function parseTransformString(transformString) {\n  var transform = {\n    size: 16,\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0,\n    flipX: false,\n    flipY: false,\n    rotate: 0\n  };\n  return transformString.toLowerCase().split(' ').reduce(function (acc, n) {\n    var parts = n.toLowerCase().split('-');\n    var first = parts[0];\n    var rest = parts.slice(1).join('-');\n    if (first && rest === 'h') {\n      acc.flipX = true;\n      return acc;\n    }\n    if (first && rest === 'v') {\n      acc.flipY = true;\n      return acc;\n    }\n    rest = parseFloat(rest);\n    if (isNaN(rest)) {\n      return acc;\n    }\n    switch (first) {\n      case 'grow':\n        acc.size = acc.size + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'shrink':\n        acc.size = acc.size - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'left':\n        acc.x = acc.x - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'right':\n        acc.x = acc.x + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'up':\n        acc.y = acc.y - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'down':\n        acc.y = acc.y + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'rotate':\n        acc.rotate = acc.rotate + rest;\n        break;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, transform);\n};\nvar PowerTransforms = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      parse: {\n        transform: function transform(transformString) {\n          return parseTransformString(transformString);\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var transformString = node.getAttribute('data-fa-transform');\n        if (transformString) {\n          accumulator.transform = parseTransformString(transformString);\n        }\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    providers.generateAbstractTransformGrouping = function (_ref) {\n      var main = _ref.main,\n        transform = _ref.transform,\n        containerWidth = _ref.containerWidth,\n        iconWidth = _ref.iconWidth;\n      var outer = {\n        transform: \"translate(\".concat(containerWidth / 2, \" 256)\")\n      };\n      var innerTranslate = \"translate(\".concat(transform.x * 32, \", \").concat(transform.y * 32, \") \");\n      var innerScale = \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n      var innerRotate = \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \" 0 0)\");\n      var inner = {\n        transform: \"\".concat(innerTranslate, \" \").concat(innerScale, \" \").concat(innerRotate)\n      };\n      var path = {\n        transform: \"translate(\".concat(iconWidth / 2 * -1, \" -256)\")\n      };\n      var operations = {\n        outer: outer,\n        inner: inner,\n        path: path\n      };\n      return {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, operations.outer),\n        children: [{\n          tag: 'g',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2({}, operations.inner),\n          children: [{\n            tag: main.icon.tag,\n            children: main.icon.children,\n            attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, main.icon.attributes), operations.path)\n          }]\n        }]\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar ALL_SPACE = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: '100%',\n  height: '100%'\n};\nfunction fillBlack(abstract) {\n  var force = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true;\n  if (abstract.attributes && (abstract.attributes.fill || force)) {\n    abstract.attributes.fill = 'black';\n  }\n  return abstract;\n}\nfunction deGroup(abstract) {\n  if (abstract.tag === 'g') {\n    return abstract.children;\n  } else {\n    return [abstract];\n  }\n}\nvar Masks = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var maskData = node.getAttribute('data-fa-mask');\n        var mask = !maskData ? emptyCanonicalIcon() : getCanonicalIcon(maskData.split(' ').map(function (i) {\n          return i.trim();\n        }));\n        if (!mask.prefix) {\n          mask.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n        }\n        accumulator.mask = mask;\n        accumulator.maskId = node.getAttribute('data-fa-mask-id');\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    providers.generateAbstractMask = function (_ref) {\n      var children = _ref.children,\n        attributes = _ref.attributes,\n        main = _ref.main,\n        mask = _ref.mask,\n        explicitMaskId = _ref.maskId,\n        transform = _ref.transform;\n      var mainWidth = main.width,\n        mainPath = main.icon;\n      var maskWidth = mask.width,\n        maskPath = mask.icon;\n      var trans = transformForSvg({\n        transform: transform,\n        containerWidth: maskWidth,\n        iconWidth: mainWidth\n      });\n      var maskRect = {\n        tag: 'rect',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ALL_SPACE), {}, {\n          fill: 'white'\n        })\n      };\n      var maskInnerGroupChildrenMixin = mainPath.children ? {\n        children: mainPath.children.map(fillBlack)\n      } : {};\n      var maskInnerGroup = {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, trans.inner),\n        children: [fillBlack(_objectSpread2({\n          tag: mainPath.tag,\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mainPath.attributes), trans.path)\n        }, maskInnerGroupChildrenMixin))]\n      };\n      var maskOuterGroup = {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, trans.outer),\n        children: [maskInnerGroup]\n      };\n      var maskId = \"mask-\".concat(explicitMaskId || nextUniqueId());\n      var clipId = \"clip-\".concat(explicitMaskId || nextUniqueId());\n      var maskTag = {\n        tag: 'mask',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ALL_SPACE), {}, {\n          id: maskId,\n          maskUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse',\n          maskContentUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse'\n        }),\n        children: [maskRect, maskOuterGroup]\n      };\n      var defs = {\n        tag: 'defs',\n        children: [{\n          tag: 'clipPath',\n          attributes: {\n            id: clipId\n          },\n          children: deGroup(maskPath)\n        }, maskTag]\n      };\n      children.push(defs, {\n        tag: 'rect',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          'clip-path': \"url(#\".concat(clipId, \")\"),\n          mask: \"url(#\".concat(maskId, \")\")\n        }, ALL_SPACE)\n      });\n      return {\n        children: children,\n        attributes: attributes\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar MissingIconIndicator = {\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    var reduceMotion = false;\n    if (WINDOW.matchMedia) {\n      reduceMotion = WINDOW.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\n    }\n    providers.missingIconAbstract = function () {\n      var gChildren = [];\n      var FILL = {\n        fill: 'currentColor'\n      };\n      var ANIMATION_BASE = {\n        attributeType: 'XML',\n        repeatCount: 'indefinite',\n        dur: '2s'\n      }; // Ring\n\n      gChildren.push({\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          d: 'M156.5,447.7l-12.6,29.5c-18.7-9.5-35.9-21.2-51.5-34.9l22.7-22.7C127.6,430.5,141.5,440,156.5,447.7z M40.6,272H8.5 c1.4,21.2,5.4,41.7,11.7,61.1L50,321.2C45.1,305.5,41.8,289,40.6,272z M40.6,240c1.4-18.8,5.2-37,11.1-54.1l-29.5-12.6 C14.7,194.3,10,216.7,8.5,240H40.6z M64.3,156.5c7.8-14.9,17.2-28.8,28.1-41.5L69.7,92.3c-13.7,15.6-25.5,32.8-34.9,51.5 L64.3,156.5z M397,419.6c-13.9,12-29.4,22.3-46.1,30.4l11.9,29.8c20.7-9.9,39.8-22.6,56.9-37.6L397,419.6z M115,92.4 c13.9-12,29.4-22.3,46.1-30.4l-11.9-29.8c-20.7,9.9-39.8,22.6-56.8,37.6L115,92.4z M447.7,355.5c-7.8,14.9-17.2,28.8-28.1,41.5 l22.7,22.7c13.7-15.6,25.5-32.9,34.9-51.5L447.7,355.5z M471.4,272c-1.4,18.8-5.2,37-11.1,54.1l29.5,12.6 c7.5-21.1,12.2-43.5,13.6-66.8H471.4z M321.2,462c-15.7,5-32.2,8.2-49.2,9.4v32.1c21.2-1.4,41.7-5.4,61.1-11.7L321.2,462z M240,471.4c-18.8-1.4-37-5.2-54.1-11.1l-12.6,29.5c21.1,7.5,43.5,12.2,66.8,13.6V471.4z M462,190.8c5,15.7,8.2,32.2,9.4,49.2h32.1 c-1.4-21.2-5.4-41.7-11.7-61.1L462,190.8z M92.4,397c-12-13.9-22.3-29.4-30.4-46.1l-29.8,11.9c9.9,20.7,22.6,39.8,37.6,56.9 L92.4,397z M272,40.6c18.8,1.4,36.9,5.2,54.1,11.1l12.6-29.5C317.7,14.7,295.3,10,272,8.5V40.6z M190.8,50 c15.7-5,32.2-8.2,49.2-9.4V8.5c-21.2,1.4-41.7,5.4-61.1,11.7L190.8,50z M442.3,92.3L419.6,115c12,13.9,22.3,29.4,30.5,46.1 l29.8-11.9C470,128.5,457.3,109.4,442.3,92.3z M397,92.4l22.7-22.7c-15.6-13.7-32.8-25.5-51.5-34.9l-12.6,29.5 C370.4,72.1,384.4,81.5,397,92.4z'\n        })\n      });\n      var OPACITY_ANIMATE = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ANIMATION_BASE), {}, {\n        attributeName: 'opacity'\n      });\n      var dot = {\n        tag: 'circle',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          cx: '256',\n          cy: '364',\n          r: '28'\n        }),\n        children: []\n      };\n      if (!reduceMotion) {\n        dot.children.push({\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ANIMATION_BASE), {}, {\n            attributeName: 'r',\n            values: '28;14;28;28;14;28;'\n          })\n        }, {\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n            values: '1;0;1;1;0;1;'\n          })\n        });\n      }\n      gChildren.push(dot);\n      gChildren.push({\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          opacity: '1',\n          d: 'M263.7,312h-16c-6.6,0-12-5.4-12-12c0-71,77.4-63.9,77.4-107.8c0-20-17.8-40.2-57.4-40.2c-29.1,0-44.3,9.6-59.2,28.7 c-3.9,5-11.1,6-16.2,2.4l-13.1-9.2c-5.6-3.9-6.9-11.8-2.6-17.2c21.2-27.2,46.4-44.7,91.2-44.7c52.3,0,97.4,29.8,97.4,80.2 c0,67.6-77.4,63.5-77.4,107.8C275.7,306.6,270.3,312,263.7,312z'\n        }),\n        children: reduceMotion ? [] : [{\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n            values: '1;0;0;0;0;1;'\n          })\n        }]\n      });\n      if (!reduceMotion) {\n        // Exclamation\n        gChildren.push({\n          tag: 'path',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n            opacity: '0',\n            d: 'M232.5,134.5l7,168c0.3,6.4,5.6,11.5,12,11.5h9c6.4,0,11.7-5.1,12-11.5l7-168c0.3-6.8-5.2-12.5-12-12.5h-23 C237.7,122,232.2,127.7,232.5,134.5z'\n          }),\n          children: [{\n            tag: 'animate',\n            attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n              values: '0;0;1;1;0;0;'\n            })\n          }]\n        });\n      }\n      return {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: {\n          'class': 'missing'\n        },\n        children: gChildren\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar SvgSymbols = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var symbolData = node.getAttribute('data-fa-symbol');\n        var symbol = symbolData === null ? false : symbolData === '' ? true : symbolData;\n        accumulator['symbol'] = symbol;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar plugins = [InjectCSS, ReplaceElements, Layers, LayersCounter, LayersText, PseudoElements, MutationObserver$1, PowerTransforms, Masks, MissingIconIndicator, SvgSymbols];\nregisterPlugins(plugins, {\n  mixoutsTo: api\n});\nvar noAuto$1 = api.noAuto;\nvar config$1 = api.config;\nvar library$1 = api.library;\nvar dom$1 = api.dom;\nvar parse$1 = api.parse;\nvar findIconDefinition$1 = api.findIconDefinition;\nvar toHtml$1 = api.toHtml;\nvar icon = api.icon;\nvar layer = api.layer;\nvar text = api.text;\nvar counter = api.counter;\nexport { noAuto$1 as noAuto, config$1 as config, library$1 as library, dom$1 as dom, parse$1 as parse, findIconDefinition$1 as findIconDefinition, toHtml$1 as toHtml, icon, layer, text, counter, api };","import { parse, icon } from '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core';\nimport PropTypes from 'prop-types';\nimport React from 'react';\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    enumerableOnly && (symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    })), keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread2(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = null != arguments[i] ? arguments[i] : {};\n    i % 2 ? ownKeys(Object(source), !0).forEach(function (key) {\n      _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    }) : Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ? Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source)) : ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n      Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter[\"@@iterator\"] != null) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\n\n// Get CSS class list from a props object\nfunction classList(props) {\n  var _classes;\n  var beat = props.beat,\n    fade = props.fade,\n    beatFade = props.beatFade,\n    bounce = props.bounce,\n    shake = props.shake,\n    flash = props.flash,\n    spin = props.spin,\n    spinPulse = props.spinPulse,\n    spinReverse = props.spinReverse,\n    pulse = props.pulse,\n    fixedWidth = props.fixedWidth,\n    inverse = props.inverse,\n    border = props.border,\n    listItem = props.listItem,\n    flip = props.flip,\n    size = props.size,\n    rotation = props.rotation,\n    pull = props.pull; // map of CSS class names to properties\n\n  var classes = (_classes = {\n    'fa-beat': beat,\n    'fa-fade': fade,\n    'fa-beat-fade': beatFade,\n    'fa-bounce': bounce,\n    'fa-shake': shake,\n    'fa-flash': flash,\n    'fa-spin': spin,\n    'fa-spin-reverse': spinReverse,\n    'fa-spin-pulse': spinPulse,\n    'fa-pulse': pulse,\n    'fa-fw': fixedWidth,\n    'fa-inverse': inverse,\n    'fa-border': border,\n    'fa-li': listItem,\n    'fa-flip': flip === true,\n    'fa-flip-horizontal': flip === 'horizontal' || flip === 'both',\n    'fa-flip-vertical': flip === 'vertical' || flip === 'both'\n  }, _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-\".concat(size), typeof size !== 'undefined' && size !== null), _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-rotate-\".concat(rotation), typeof rotation !== 'undefined' && rotation !== null && rotation !== 0), _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-pull-\".concat(pull), typeof pull !== 'undefined' && pull !== null), _defineProperty(_classes, 'fa-swap-opacity', props.swapOpacity), _classes); // map over all the keys in the classes object\n  // return an array of the keys where the value for the key is not null\n\n  return Object.keys(classes).map(function (key) {\n    return classes[key] ? key : null;\n  }).filter(function (key) {\n    return key;\n  });\n}\n\n// Camelize taken from humps\n// humps is copyright © 2012+ Dom Christie\n// Released under the MIT license.\n// Performant way to determine if object coerces to a number\nfunction _isNumerical(obj) {\n  obj = obj - 0; // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n\n  return obj === obj;\n}\nfunction camelize(string) {\n  if (_isNumerical(string)) {\n    return string;\n  } // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape\n\n  string = string.replace(/[\\-_\\s]+(.)?/g, function (match, chr) {\n    return chr ? chr.toUpperCase() : '';\n  }); // Ensure 1st char is always lowercase\n\n  return string.substr(0, 1).toLowerCase() + string.substr(1);\n}\nvar _excluded = [\"style\"];\nfunction capitalize(val) {\n  return val.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + val.slice(1);\n}\nfunction styleToObject(style) {\n  return style.split(';').map(function (s) {\n    return s.trim();\n  }).filter(function (s) {\n    return s;\n  }).reduce(function (acc, pair) {\n    var i = pair.indexOf(':');\n    var prop = camelize(pair.slice(0, i));\n    var value = pair.slice(i + 1).trim();\n    prop.startsWith('webkit') ? acc[capitalize(prop)] = value : acc[prop] = value;\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n}\nfunction convert(createElement, element) {\n  var extraProps = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  if (typeof element === 'string') {\n    return element;\n  }\n  var children = (element.children || []).map(function (child) {\n    return convert(createElement, child);\n  });\n  /* eslint-disable dot-notation */\n\n  var mixins = Object.keys(element.attributes || {}).reduce(function (acc, key) {\n    var val = element.attributes[key];\n    switch (key) {\n      case 'class':\n        acc.attrs['className'] = val;\n        delete element.attributes['class'];\n        break;\n      case 'style':\n        acc.attrs['style'] = styleToObject(val);\n        break;\n      default:\n        if (key.indexOf('aria-') === 0 || key.indexOf('data-') === 0) {\n          acc.attrs[key.toLowerCase()] = val;\n        } else {\n          acc.attrs[camelize(key)] = val;\n        }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {\n    attrs: {}\n  });\n  var _extraProps$style = extraProps.style,\n    existingStyle = _extraProps$style === void 0 ? {} : _extraProps$style,\n    remaining = _objectWithoutProperties(extraProps, _excluded);\n  mixins.attrs['style'] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mixins.attrs['style']), existingStyle);\n  /* eslint-enable */\n\n  return createElement.apply(void 0, [element.tag, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mixins.attrs), remaining)].concat(_toConsumableArray(children)));\n}\nvar PRODUCTION = false;\ntry {\n  PRODUCTION = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';\n} catch (e) {}\nfunction log() {\n  if (!PRODUCTION && console && typeof console.error === 'function') {\n    var _console;\n    (_console = console).error.apply(_console, arguments);\n  }\n}\nfunction normalizeIconArgs(icon) {\n  // this has everything that it needs to be rendered which means it was probably imported\n  // directly from an icon svg package\n  if (icon && _typeof(icon) === 'object' && icon.prefix && icon.iconName && icon.icon) {\n    return icon;\n  }\n  if (parse.icon) {\n    return parse.icon(icon);\n  } // if the icon is null, there's nothing to do\n\n  if (icon === null) {\n    return null;\n  } // if the icon is an object and has a prefix and an icon name, return it\n\n  if (icon && _typeof(icon) === 'object' && icon.prefix && icon.iconName) {\n    return icon;\n  } // if it's an array with length of two\n\n  if (Array.isArray(icon) && icon.length === 2) {\n    // use the first item as prefix, second as icon name\n    return {\n      prefix: icon[0],\n      iconName: icon[1]\n    };\n  } // if it's a string, use it as the icon name\n\n  if (typeof icon === 'string') {\n    return {\n      prefix: 'fas',\n      iconName: icon\n    };\n  }\n}\n\n// creates an object with a key of key\n// and a value of value\n// if certain conditions are met\nfunction objectWithKey(key, value) {\n  // if the value is a non-empty array\n  // or it's not an array but it is truthy\n  // then create the object with the key and the value\n  // if not, return an empty array\n  return Array.isArray(value) && value.length > 0 || !Array.isArray(value) && value ? _defineProperty({}, key, value) : {};\n}\nvar FontAwesomeIcon = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function (props, ref) {\n  var iconArgs = props.icon,\n    maskArgs = props.mask,\n    symbol = props.symbol,\n    className = props.className,\n    title = props.title,\n    titleId = props.titleId,\n    maskId = props.maskId;\n  var iconLookup = normalizeIconArgs(iconArgs);\n  var classes = objectWithKey('classes', [].concat(_toConsumableArray(classList(props)), _toConsumableArray(className.split(' '))));\n  var transform = objectWithKey('transform', typeof props.transform === 'string' ? parse.transform(props.transform) : props.transform);\n  var mask = objectWithKey('mask', normalizeIconArgs(maskArgs));\n  var renderedIcon = icon(iconLookup, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, classes), transform), mask), {}, {\n    symbol: symbol,\n    title: title,\n    titleId: titleId,\n    maskId: maskId\n  }));\n  if (!renderedIcon) {\n    log('Could not find icon', iconLookup);\n    return null;\n  }\n  var abstract = renderedIcon.abstract;\n  var extraProps = {\n    ref: ref\n  };\n  Object.keys(props).forEach(function (key) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\n    if (!FontAwesomeIcon.defaultProps.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      extraProps[key] = props[key];\n    }\n  });\n  return convertCurry(abstract[0], extraProps);\n});\nFontAwesomeIcon.displayName = 'FontAwesomeIcon';\nFontAwesomeIcon.propTypes = {\n  beat: PropTypes.bool,\n  border: PropTypes.bool,\n  beatFade: PropTypes.bool,\n  bounce: PropTypes.bool,\n  className: PropTypes.string,\n  fade: PropTypes.bool,\n  flash: PropTypes.bool,\n  mask: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.object, PropTypes.array, PropTypes.string]),\n  maskId: PropTypes.string,\n  fixedWidth: PropTypes.bool,\n  inverse: PropTypes.bool,\n  flip: PropTypes.oneOf([true, false, 'horizontal', 'vertical', 'both']),\n  icon: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.object, PropTypes.array, PropTypes.string]),\n  listItem: PropTypes.bool,\n  pull: PropTypes.oneOf(['right', 'left']),\n  pulse: PropTypes.bool,\n  rotation: PropTypes.oneOf([0, 90, 180, 270]),\n  shake: PropTypes.bool,\n  size: PropTypes.oneOf(['2xs', 'xs', 'sm', 'lg', 'xl', '2xl', '1x', '2x', '3x', '4x', '5x', '6x', '7x', '8x', '9x', '10x']),\n  spin: PropTypes.bool,\n  spinPulse: PropTypes.bool,\n  spinReverse: PropTypes.bool,\n  symbol: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.bool, PropTypes.string]),\n  title: PropTypes.string,\n  titleId: PropTypes.string,\n  transform: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.string, PropTypes.object]),\n  swapOpacity: PropTypes.bool\n};\nFontAwesomeIcon.defaultProps = {\n  border: false,\n  className: '',\n  mask: null,\n  maskId: null,\n  fixedWidth: false,\n  inverse: false,\n  flip: false,\n  icon: null,\n  listItem: false,\n  pull: null,\n  pulse: false,\n  rotation: null,\n  size: null,\n  spin: false,\n  spinPulse: false,\n  spinReverse: false,\n  beat: false,\n  fade: false,\n  beatFade: false,\n  bounce: false,\n  shake: false,\n  symbol: false,\n  title: '',\n  titleId: null,\n  transform: null,\n  swapOpacity: false\n};\nvar convertCurry = convert.bind(null, React.createElement);\nexport { FontAwesomeIcon };","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: _extends({}, theme.typography.button, {\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      minWidth: 64,\n      padding: '6px 16px',\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius,\n      color: theme.palette.text.primary,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow', 'border'], {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.short\n      }),\n      '&:hover': {\n        textDecoration: 'none',\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled\n      }\n    }),\n    /* Styles applied to the span element that wraps the children. */\n    label: {\n      width: '100%',\n      // Ensure the correct width for iOS Safari\n      display: 'inherit',\n      alignItems: 'inherit',\n      justifyContent: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    text: {\n      padding: '6px 8px'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    textPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    textSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      padding: '5px 15px',\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.type === 'light' ? 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23)' : 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.23)'),\n      '&$disabled': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.action.disabledBackground)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    outlinedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.5)),\n      '&:hover': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.primary.main),\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    outlinedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.5)),\n      '&:hover': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.secondary.main),\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.action.disabled)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    contained: {\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(theme.palette.grey[300]),\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300],\n      boxShadow: theme.shadows[2],\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey.A100,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[4],\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          boxShadow: theme.shadows[2],\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300]\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n        }\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[6]\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[8]\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[0],\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    containedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    containedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `disableElevation={true}`. */\n    disableElevation: {\n      boxShadow: 'none',\n      '&:hover': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      }\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the ButtonBase root element if the button is keyboard focused. */\n    focusVisible: {},\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"inherit\"`. */\n    colorInherit: {\n      color: 'inherit',\n      borderColor: 'currentColor'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    textSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '4px 5px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    textSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '8px 11px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlinedSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '3px 9px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlinedSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '7px 21px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    containedSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '4px 10px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    containedSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '8px 22px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    sizeSmall: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"`. */\n    sizeLarge: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fullWidth={true}`. */\n    fullWidth: {\n      width: '100%'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the startIcon element if supplied. */\n    startIcon: {\n      display: 'inherit',\n      marginRight: 8,\n      marginLeft: -4,\n      '&$iconSizeSmall': {\n        marginLeft: -2\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the endIcon element if supplied. */\n    endIcon: {\n      display: 'inherit',\n      marginRight: -4,\n      marginLeft: 8,\n      '&$iconSizeSmall': {\n        marginRight: -2\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"small\"`. */\n    iconSizeSmall: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 18\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"medium\"`. */\n    iconSizeMedium: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 20\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"large\"`. */\n    iconSizeLarge: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 22\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Button = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Button(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableElevati = props.disableElevation,\n    disableElevation = _props$disableElevati === void 0 ? false : _props$disableElevati,\n    _props$disableFocusRi = props.disableFocusRipple,\n    disableFocusRipple = _props$disableFocusRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableFocusRi,\n    endIconProp = props.endIcon,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    _props$fullWidth = props.fullWidth,\n    fullWidth = _props$fullWidth === void 0 ? false : _props$fullWidth,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$size,\n    startIconProp = props.startIcon,\n    _props$type = props.type,\n    type = _props$type === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$type,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'text' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableElevation\", \"disableFocusRipple\", \"endIcon\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"fullWidth\", \"size\", \"startIcon\", \"type\", \"variant\"]);\n  var startIcon = startIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.startIcon, classes[\"iconSize\".concat(capitalize(size))])\n  }, startIconProp);\n  var endIcon = endIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.endIcon, classes[\"iconSize\".concat(capitalize(size))])\n  }, endIconProp);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ButtonBase, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, classes[variant], className, color === 'inherit' ? classes.colorInherit : color !== 'default' && classes[\"\".concat(variant).concat(capitalize(color))], size !== 'medium' && [classes[\"\".concat(variant, \"Size\").concat(capitalize(size))], classes[\"size\".concat(capitalize(size))]], disableElevation && classes.disableElevation, disabled && classes.disabled, fullWidth && classes.fullWidth),\n    component: component,\n    disabled: disabled,\n    focusRipple: !disableFocusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName: clsx(classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName),\n    ref: ref,\n    type: type\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: classes.label\n  }, startIcon, children, endIcon));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiButton'\n})(Button);","import { Children, cloneElement, isValidElement } from 'react';\n/**\n * Given `this.props.children`, return an object mapping key to child.\n *\n * @param {*} children `this.props.children`\n * @return {object} Mapping of key to child\n */\n\nexport function getChildMapping(children, mapFn) {\n  var mapper = function mapper(child) {\n    return mapFn && isValidElement(child) ? mapFn(child) : child;\n  };\n  var result = Object.create(null);\n  if (children) Children.map(children, function (c) {\n    return c;\n  }).forEach(function (child) {\n    // run the map function here instead so that the key is the computed one\n    result[child.key] = mapper(child);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * When you're adding or removing children some may be added or removed in the\n * same render pass. We want to show *both* since we want to simultaneously\n * animate elements in and out. This function takes a previous set of keys\n * and a new set of keys and merges them with its best guess of the correct\n * ordering. In the future we may expose some of the utilities in\n * ReactMultiChild to make this easy, but for now React itself does not\n * directly have this concept of the union of prevChildren and nextChildren\n * so we implement it here.\n *\n * @param {object} prev prev children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @param {object} next next children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @return {object} a key set that contains all keys in `prev` and all keys\n * in `next` in a reasonable order.\n */\n\nexport function mergeChildMappings(prev, next) {\n  prev = prev || {};\n  next = next || {};\n  function getValueForKey(key) {\n    return key in next ? next[key] : prev[key];\n  } // For each key of `next`, the list of keys to insert before that key in\n  // the combined list\n\n  var nextKeysPending = Object.create(null);\n  var pendingKeys = [];\n  for (var prevKey in prev) {\n    if (prevKey in next) {\n      if (pendingKeys.length) {\n        nextKeysPending[prevKey] = pendingKeys;\n        pendingKeys = [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      pendingKeys.push(prevKey);\n    }\n  }\n  var i;\n  var childMapping = {};\n  for (var nextKey in next) {\n    if (nextKeysPending[nextKey]) {\n      for (i = 0; i < nextKeysPending[nextKey].length; i++) {\n        var pendingNextKey = nextKeysPending[nextKey][i];\n        childMapping[nextKeysPending[nextKey][i]] = getValueForKey(pendingNextKey);\n      }\n    }\n    childMapping[nextKey] = getValueForKey(nextKey);\n  } // Finally, add the keys which didn't appear before any key in `next`\n\n  for (i = 0; i < pendingKeys.length; i++) {\n    childMapping[pendingKeys[i]] = getValueForKey(pendingKeys[i]);\n  }\n  return childMapping;\n}\nfunction getProp(child, prop, props) {\n  return props[prop] != null ? props[prop] : child.props[prop];\n}\nexport function getInitialChildMapping(props, onExited) {\n  return getChildMapping(props.children, function (child) {\n    return cloneElement(child, {\n      onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n      in: true,\n      appear: getProp(child, 'appear', props),\n      enter: getProp(child, 'enter', props),\n      exit: getProp(child, 'exit', props)\n    });\n  });\n}\nexport function getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, onExited) {\n  var nextChildMapping = getChildMapping(nextProps.children);\n  var children = mergeChildMappings(prevChildMapping, nextChildMapping);\n  Object.keys(children).forEach(function (key) {\n    var child = children[key];\n    if (!isValidElement(child)) return;\n    var hasPrev = (key in prevChildMapping);\n    var hasNext = (key in nextChildMapping);\n    var prevChild = prevChildMapping[key];\n    var isLeaving = isValidElement(prevChild) && !prevChild.props.in; // item is new (entering)\n\n    if (hasNext && (!hasPrev || isLeaving)) {\n      // console.log('entering', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: true,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    } else if (!hasNext && hasPrev && !isLeaving) {\n      // item is old (exiting)\n      // console.log('leaving', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        in: false\n      });\n    } else if (hasNext && hasPrev && isValidElement(prevChild)) {\n      // item hasn't changed transition states\n      // copy over the last transition props;\n      // console.log('unchanged', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: prevChild.props.in,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return children;\n}","import _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutPropertiesLoose\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _assertThisInitialized from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/assertThisInitialized\";\nimport _inheritsLoose from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/inheritsLoose\";\nimport React from 'react';\nimport TransitionGroupContext from './TransitionGroupContext';\nimport { getChildMapping, getInitialChildMapping, getNextChildMapping } from './utils/ChildMapping';\nvar values = Object.values || function (obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).map(function (k) {\n    return obj[k];\n  });\n};\nvar defaultProps = {\n  component: 'div',\n  childFactory: function childFactory(child) {\n    return child;\n  }\n};\n/**\n * The `<TransitionGroup>` component manages a set of transition components\n * (`<Transition>` and `<CSSTransition>`) in a list. Like with the transition\n * components, `<TransitionGroup>` is a state machine for managing the mounting\n * and unmounting of components over time.\n *\n * Consider the example below. As items are removed or added to the TodoList the\n * `in` prop is toggled automatically by the `<TransitionGroup>`.\n *\n * Note that `<TransitionGroup>`  does not define any animation behavior!\n * Exactly _how_ a list item animates is up to the individual transition\n * component. This means you can mix and match animations across different list\n * items.\n */\n\nvar TransitionGroup = /*#__PURE__*/function (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(TransitionGroup, _React$Component);\n  function TransitionGroup(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var handleExited = _this.handleExited.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this)); // Initial children should all be entering, dependent on appear\n\n    _this.state = {\n      contextValue: {\n        isMounting: true\n      },\n      handleExited: handleExited,\n      firstRender: true\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = TransitionGroup.prototype;\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.mounted = true;\n    this.setState({\n      contextValue: {\n        isMounting: false\n      }\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.mounted = false;\n  };\n  TransitionGroup.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, _ref) {\n    var prevChildMapping = _ref.children,\n      handleExited = _ref.handleExited,\n      firstRender = _ref.firstRender;\n    return {\n      children: firstRender ? getInitialChildMapping(nextProps, handleExited) : getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, handleExited),\n      firstRender: false\n    };\n  } // node is `undefined` when user provided `nodeRef` prop\n  ;\n\n  _proto.handleExited = function handleExited(child, node) {\n    var currentChildMapping = getChildMapping(this.props.children);\n    if (child.key in currentChildMapping) return;\n    if (child.props.onExited) {\n      child.props.onExited(node);\n    }\n    if (this.mounted) {\n      this.setState(function (state) {\n        var children = _extends({}, state.children);\n        delete children[child.key];\n        return {\n          children: children\n        };\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      Component = _this$props.component,\n      childFactory = _this$props.childFactory,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"component\", \"childFactory\"]);\n    var contextValue = this.state.contextValue;\n    var children = values(this.state.children).map(childFactory);\n    delete props.appear;\n    delete props.enter;\n    delete props.exit;\n    if (Component === null) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroupContext.Provider, {\n        value: contextValue\n      }, children);\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroupContext.Provider, {\n      value: contextValue\n    }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, props, children));\n  };\n  return TransitionGroup;\n}(React.Component);\nTransitionGroup.defaultProps = defaultProps;\nexport default TransitionGroup;","import * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window === 'undefined' ? React.useEffect : React.useLayoutEffect;\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nfunction Ripple(props) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    _props$pulsate = props.pulsate,\n    pulsate = _props$pulsate === void 0 ? false : _props$pulsate,\n    rippleX = props.rippleX,\n    rippleY = props.rippleY,\n    rippleSize = props.rippleSize,\n    inProp = props.in,\n    _props$onExited = props.onExited,\n    onExited = _props$onExited === void 0 ? function () {} : _props$onExited,\n    timeout = props.timeout;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    leaving = _React$useState[0],\n    setLeaving = _React$useState[1];\n  var rippleClassName = clsx(classes.ripple, classes.rippleVisible, pulsate && classes.ripplePulsate);\n  var rippleStyles = {\n    width: rippleSize,\n    height: rippleSize,\n    top: -(rippleSize / 2) + rippleY,\n    left: -(rippleSize / 2) + rippleX\n  };\n  var childClassName = clsx(classes.child, leaving && classes.childLeaving, pulsate && classes.childPulsate);\n  var handleExited = useEventCallback(onExited); // Ripple is used for user feedback (e.g. click or press) so we want to apply styles with the highest priority\n\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (!inProp) {\n      // react-transition-group#onExit\n      setLeaving(true); // react-transition-group#onExited\n\n      var timeoutId = setTimeout(handleExited, timeout);\n      return function () {\n        clearTimeout(timeoutId);\n      };\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }, [handleExited, inProp, timeout]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: rippleClassName,\n    style: rippleStyles\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: childClassName\n  }));\n}\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default Ripple;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _toConsumableArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/toConsumableArray\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport { TransitionGroup } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport Ripple from './Ripple';\nvar DURATION = 550;\nexport var DELAY_RIPPLE = 80;\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      pointerEvents: 'none',\n      position: 'absolute',\n      zIndex: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      right: 0,\n      bottom: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      borderRadius: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `ripple` class. */\n    ripple: {\n      opacity: 0,\n      position: 'absolute'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `rippleVisible` class. */\n    rippleVisible: {\n      opacity: 0.3,\n      transform: 'scale(1)',\n      animation: \"$enter \".concat(DURATION, \"ms \").concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `ripplePulsate` class. */\n    ripplePulsate: {\n      animationDuration: \"\".concat(theme.transitions.duration.shorter, \"ms\")\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `child` class. */\n    child: {\n      opacity: 1,\n      display: 'block',\n      width: '100%',\n      height: '100%',\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      backgroundColor: 'currentColor'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `childLeaving` class. */\n    childLeaving: {\n      opacity: 0,\n      animation: \"$exit \".concat(DURATION, \"ms \").concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `childPulsate` class. */\n    childPulsate: {\n      position: 'absolute',\n      left: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      animation: \"$pulsate 2500ms \".concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut, \" 200ms infinite\")\n    },\n    '@keyframes enter': {\n      '0%': {\n        transform: 'scale(0)',\n        opacity: 0.1\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)',\n        opacity: 0.3\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes exit': {\n      '0%': {\n        opacity: 1\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        opacity: 0\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes pulsate': {\n      '0%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)'\n      },\n      '50%': {\n        transform: 'scale(0.92)'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)'\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n *\n * TODO v5: Make private\n */\n\nvar TouchRipple = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function TouchRipple(props, ref) {\n  var _props$center = props.center,\n    centerProp = _props$center === void 0 ? false : _props$center,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"center\", \"classes\", \"className\"]);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState([]),\n    ripples = _React$useState[0],\n    setRipples = _React$useState[1];\n  var nextKey = React.useRef(0);\n  var rippleCallback = React.useRef(null);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (rippleCallback.current) {\n      rippleCallback.current();\n      rippleCallback.current = null;\n    }\n  }, [ripples]); // Used to filter out mouse emulated events on mobile.\n\n  var ignoringMouseDown = React.useRef(false); // We use a timer in order to only show the ripples for touch \"click\" like events.\n  // We don't want to display the ripple for touch scroll events.\n\n  var startTimer = React.useRef(null); // This is the hook called once the previous timeout is ready.\n\n  var startTimerCommit = React.useRef(null);\n  var container = React.useRef(null);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    return function () {\n      clearTimeout(startTimer.current);\n    };\n  }, []);\n  var startCommit = React.useCallback(function (params) {\n    var pulsate = params.pulsate,\n      rippleX = params.rippleX,\n      rippleY = params.rippleY,\n      rippleSize = params.rippleSize,\n      cb = params.cb;\n    setRipples(function (oldRipples) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(oldRipples), [/*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Ripple, {\n        key: nextKey.current,\n        classes: classes,\n        timeout: DURATION,\n        pulsate: pulsate,\n        rippleX: rippleX,\n        rippleY: rippleY,\n        rippleSize: rippleSize\n      })]);\n    });\n    nextKey.current += 1;\n    rippleCallback.current = cb;\n  }, [classes]);\n  var start = React.useCallback(function () {\n    var event = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    var cb = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n    var _options$pulsate = options.pulsate,\n      pulsate = _options$pulsate === void 0 ? false : _options$pulsate,\n      _options$center = options.center,\n      center = _options$center === void 0 ? centerProp || options.pulsate : _options$center,\n      _options$fakeElement = options.fakeElement,\n      fakeElement = _options$fakeElement === void 0 ? false : _options$fakeElement;\n    if (event.type === 'mousedown' && ignoringMouseDown.current) {\n      ignoringMouseDown.current = false;\n      return;\n    }\n    if (event.type === 'touchstart') {\n      ignoringMouseDown.current = true;\n    }\n    var element = fakeElement ? null : container.current;\n    var rect = element ? element.getBoundingClientRect() : {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      top: 0\n    }; // Get the size of the ripple\n\n    var rippleX;\n    var rippleY;\n    var rippleSize;\n    if (center || event.clientX === 0 && event.clientY === 0 || !event.clientX && !event.touches) {\n      rippleX = Math.round(rect.width / 2);\n      rippleY = Math.round(rect.height / 2);\n    } else {\n      var _ref = event.touches ? event.touches[0] : event,\n        clientX = _ref.clientX,\n        clientY = _ref.clientY;\n      rippleX = Math.round(clientX - rect.left);\n      rippleY = Math.round(clientY - rect.top);\n    }\n    if (center) {\n      rippleSize = Math.sqrt((2 * Math.pow(rect.width, 2) + Math.pow(rect.height, 2)) / 3); // For some reason the animation is broken on Mobile Chrome if the size if even.\n\n      if (rippleSize % 2 === 0) {\n        rippleSize += 1;\n      }\n    } else {\n      var sizeX = Math.max(Math.abs((element ? element.clientWidth : 0) - rippleX), rippleX) * 2 + 2;\n      var sizeY = Math.max(Math.abs((element ? element.clientHeight : 0) - rippleY), rippleY) * 2 + 2;\n      rippleSize = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(sizeX, 2) + Math.pow(sizeY, 2));\n    } // Touche devices\n\n    if (event.touches) {\n      // check that this isn't another touchstart due to multitouch\n      // otherwise we will only clear a single timer when unmounting while two\n      // are running\n      if (startTimerCommit.current === null) {\n        // Prepare the ripple effect.\n        startTimerCommit.current = function () {\n          startCommit({\n            pulsate: pulsate,\n            rippleX: rippleX,\n            rippleY: rippleY,\n            rippleSize: rippleSize,\n            cb: cb\n          });\n        }; // Delay the execution of the ripple effect.\n\n        startTimer.current = setTimeout(function () {\n          if (startTimerCommit.current) {\n            startTimerCommit.current();\n            startTimerCommit.current = null;\n          }\n        }, DELAY_RIPPLE); // We have to make a tradeoff with this value.\n      }\n    } else {\n      startCommit({\n        pulsate: pulsate,\n        rippleX: rippleX,\n        rippleY: rippleY,\n        rippleSize: rippleSize,\n        cb: cb\n      });\n    }\n  }, [centerProp, startCommit]);\n  var pulsate = React.useCallback(function () {\n    start({}, {\n      pulsate: true\n    });\n  }, [start]);\n  var stop = React.useCallback(function (event, cb) {\n    clearTimeout(startTimer.current); // The touch interaction occurs too quickly.\n    // We still want to show ripple effect.\n\n    if (event.type === 'touchend' && startTimerCommit.current) {\n      event.persist();\n      startTimerCommit.current();\n      startTimerCommit.current = null;\n      startTimer.current = setTimeout(function () {\n        stop(event, cb);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    startTimerCommit.current = null;\n    setRipples(function (oldRipples) {\n      if (oldRipples.length > 0) {\n        return oldRipples.slice(1);\n      }\n      return oldRipples;\n    });\n    rippleCallback.current = cb;\n  }, []);\n  React.useImperativeHandle(ref, function () {\n    return {\n      pulsate: pulsate,\n      start: start,\n      stop: stop\n    };\n  }, [pulsate, start, stop]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    ref: container\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroup, {\n    component: null,\n    exit: true\n  }, ripples));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  flip: false,\n  name: 'MuiTouchRipple'\n})( /*#__PURE__*/React.memo(TouchRipple));","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { elementTypeAcceptingRef, refType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport useIsFocusVisible from '../utils/useIsFocusVisible';\nimport TouchRipple from './TouchRipple';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    display: 'inline-flex',\n    alignItems: 'center',\n    justifyContent: 'center',\n    position: 'relative',\n    WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n    backgroundColor: 'transparent',\n    // Reset default value\n    // We disable the focus ring for mouse, touch and keyboard users.\n    outline: 0,\n    border: 0,\n    margin: 0,\n    // Remove the margin in Safari\n    borderRadius: 0,\n    padding: 0,\n    // Remove the padding in Firefox\n    cursor: 'pointer',\n    userSelect: 'none',\n    verticalAlign: 'middle',\n    '-moz-appearance': 'none',\n    // Reset\n    '-webkit-appearance': 'none',\n    // Reset\n    textDecoration: 'none',\n    // So we take precedent over the style of a native <a /> element.\n    color: 'inherit',\n    '&::-moz-focus-inner': {\n      borderStyle: 'none' // Remove Firefox dotted outline.\n    },\n\n    '&$disabled': {\n      pointerEvents: 'none',\n      // Disable link interactions\n      cursor: 'default'\n    },\n    '@media print': {\n      colorAdjust: 'exact'\n    }\n  },\n  /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n  disabled: {},\n  /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if keyboard focused. */\n  focusVisible: {}\n};\n/**\n * `ButtonBase` contains as few styles as possible.\n * It aims to be a simple building block for creating a button.\n * It contains a load of style reset and some focus/ripple logic.\n */\n\nvar ButtonBase = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function ButtonBase(props, ref) {\n  var action = props.action,\n    buttonRefProp = props.buttonRef,\n    _props$centerRipple = props.centerRipple,\n    centerRipple = _props$centerRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$centerRipple,\n    children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableRipple = props.disableRipple,\n    disableRipple = _props$disableRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRipple,\n    _props$disableTouchRi = props.disableTouchRipple,\n    disableTouchRipple = _props$disableTouchRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableTouchRi,\n    _props$focusRipple = props.focusRipple,\n    focusRipple = _props$focusRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$focusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    onBlur = props.onBlur,\n    onClick = props.onClick,\n    onFocus = props.onFocus,\n    onFocusVisible = props.onFocusVisible,\n    onKeyDown = props.onKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp = props.onKeyUp,\n    onMouseDown = props.onMouseDown,\n    onMouseLeave = props.onMouseLeave,\n    onMouseUp = props.onMouseUp,\n    onTouchEnd = props.onTouchEnd,\n    onTouchMove = props.onTouchMove,\n    onTouchStart = props.onTouchStart,\n    onDragLeave = props.onDragLeave,\n    _props$tabIndex = props.tabIndex,\n    tabIndex = _props$tabIndex === void 0 ? 0 : _props$tabIndex,\n    TouchRippleProps = props.TouchRippleProps,\n    _props$type = props.type,\n    type = _props$type === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$type,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"action\", \"buttonRef\", \"centerRipple\", \"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableRipple\", \"disableTouchRipple\", \"focusRipple\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"onBlur\", \"onClick\", \"onFocus\", \"onFocusVisible\", \"onKeyDown\", \"onKeyUp\", \"onMouseDown\", \"onMouseLeave\", \"onMouseUp\", \"onTouchEnd\", \"onTouchMove\", \"onTouchStart\", \"onDragLeave\", \"tabIndex\", \"TouchRippleProps\", \"type\"]);\n  var buttonRef = React.useRef(null);\n  function getButtonNode() {\n    // #StrictMode ready\n    return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(buttonRef.current);\n  }\n  var rippleRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    focusVisible = _React$useState[0],\n    setFocusVisible = _React$useState[1];\n  if (disabled && focusVisible) {\n    setFocusVisible(false);\n  }\n  var _useIsFocusVisible = useIsFocusVisible(),\n    isFocusVisible = _useIsFocusVisible.isFocusVisible,\n    onBlurVisible = _useIsFocusVisible.onBlurVisible,\n    focusVisibleRef = _useIsFocusVisible.ref;\n  React.useImperativeHandle(action, function () {\n    return {\n      focusVisible: function focusVisible() {\n        setFocusVisible(true);\n        buttonRef.current.focus();\n      }\n    };\n  }, []);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (focusVisible && focusRipple && !disableRipple) {\n      rippleRef.current.pulsate();\n    }\n  }, [disableRipple, focusRipple, focusVisible]);\n  function useRippleHandler(rippleAction, eventCallback) {\n    var skipRippleAction = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : disableTouchRipple;\n    return useEventCallback(function (event) {\n      if (eventCallback) {\n        eventCallback(event);\n      }\n      var ignore = skipRippleAction;\n      if (!ignore && rippleRef.current) {\n        rippleRef.current[rippleAction](event);\n      }\n      return true;\n    });\n  }\n  var handleMouseDown = useRippleHandler('start', onMouseDown);\n  var handleDragLeave = useRippleHandler('stop', onDragLeave);\n  var handleMouseUp = useRippleHandler('stop', onMouseUp);\n  var handleMouseLeave = useRippleHandler('stop', function (event) {\n    if (focusVisible) {\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onMouseLeave) {\n      onMouseLeave(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var handleTouchStart = useRippleHandler('start', onTouchStart);\n  var handleTouchEnd = useRippleHandler('stop', onTouchEnd);\n  var handleTouchMove = useRippleHandler('stop', onTouchMove);\n  var handleBlur = useRippleHandler('stop', function (event) {\n    if (focusVisible) {\n      onBlurVisible(event);\n      setFocusVisible(false);\n    }\n    if (onBlur) {\n      onBlur(event);\n    }\n  }, false);\n  var handleFocus = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // Fix for https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/7769\n    if (!buttonRef.current) {\n      buttonRef.current = event.currentTarget;\n    }\n    if (isFocusVisible(event)) {\n      setFocusVisible(true);\n      if (onFocusVisible) {\n        onFocusVisible(event);\n      }\n    }\n    if (onFocus) {\n      onFocus(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var isNonNativeButton = function isNonNativeButton() {\n    var button = getButtonNode();\n    return component && component !== 'button' && !(button.tagName === 'A' && button.href);\n  };\n  /**\n   * IE 11 shim for https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/repeat\n   */\n\n  var keydownRef = React.useRef(false);\n  var handleKeyDown = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // Check if key is already down to avoid repeats being counted as multiple activations\n    if (focusRipple && !keydownRef.current && focusVisible && rippleRef.current && event.key === ' ') {\n      keydownRef.current = true;\n      event.persist();\n      rippleRef.current.stop(event, function () {\n        rippleRef.current.start(event);\n      });\n    }\n    if (event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === ' ') {\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onKeyDown) {\n      onKeyDown(event);\n    } // Keyboard accessibility for non interactive elements\n\n    if (event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === 'Enter' && !disabled) {\n      event.preventDefault();\n      if (onClick) {\n        onClick(event);\n      }\n    }\n  });\n  var handleKeyUp = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // calling preventDefault in keyUp on a <button> will not dispatch a click event if Space is pressed\n    // https://codesandbox.io/s/button-keyup-preventdefault-dn7f0\n    if (focusRipple && event.key === ' ' && rippleRef.current && focusVisible && !event.defaultPrevented) {\n      keydownRef.current = false;\n      event.persist();\n      rippleRef.current.stop(event, function () {\n        rippleRef.current.pulsate(event);\n      });\n    }\n    if (onKeyUp) {\n      onKeyUp(event);\n    } // Keyboard accessibility for non interactive elements\n\n    if (onClick && event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === ' ' && !event.defaultPrevented) {\n      onClick(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var ComponentProp = component;\n  if (ComponentProp === 'button' && other.href) {\n    ComponentProp = 'a';\n  }\n  var buttonProps = {};\n  if (ComponentProp === 'button') {\n    buttonProps.type = type;\n    buttonProps.disabled = disabled;\n  } else {\n    if (ComponentProp !== 'a' || !other.href) {\n      buttonProps.role = 'button';\n    }\n    buttonProps['aria-disabled'] = disabled;\n  }\n  var handleUserRef = useForkRef(buttonRefProp, ref);\n  var handleOwnRef = useForkRef(focusVisibleRef, buttonRef);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(handleUserRef, handleOwnRef);\n  var _React$useState2 = React.useState(false),\n    mountedState = _React$useState2[0],\n    setMountedState = _React$useState2[1];\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    setMountedState(true);\n  }, []);\n  var enableTouchRipple = mountedState && !disableRipple && !disabled;\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/rules-of-hooks\n    React.useEffect(function () {\n      if (enableTouchRipple && !rippleRef.current) {\n        console.error(['Material-UI: The `component` prop provided to ButtonBase is invalid.', 'Please make sure the children prop is rendered in this custom component.'].join('\\n'));\n      }\n    }, [enableTouchRipple]);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ComponentProp, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, focusVisible && [classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName], disabled && classes.disabled),\n    onBlur: handleBlur,\n    onClick: onClick,\n    onFocus: handleFocus,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp: handleKeyUp,\n    onMouseDown: handleMouseDown,\n    onMouseLeave: handleMouseLeave,\n    onMouseUp: handleMouseUp,\n    onDragLeave: handleDragLeave,\n    onTouchEnd: handleTouchEnd,\n    onTouchMove: handleTouchMove,\n    onTouchStart: handleTouchStart,\n    ref: handleRef,\n    tabIndex: disabled ? -1 : tabIndex\n  }, buttonProps, other), children, enableTouchRipple ? /*#__PURE__*/\n\n  /* TouchRipple is only needed client-side, x2 boost on the server. */\n  React.createElement(TouchRipple, _extends({\n    ref: rippleRef,\n    center: centerRipple\n  }, TouchRippleProps)) : null);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiButtonBase'\n})(ButtonBase);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport Paper from '../Paper';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    overflow: 'hidden'\n  }\n};\nvar Card = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Card(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$raised = props.raised,\n    raised = _props$raised === void 0 ? false : _props$raised,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"raised\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Paper, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    elevation: raised ? 8 : 1,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCard'\n})(Card);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    padding: 16,\n    '&:last-child': {\n      paddingBottom: 24\n    }\n  }\n};\nvar CardContent = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function CardContent(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"component\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCardContent'\n})(CardContent);","import * as React from 'react';\nimport createSvgIcon from '../../utils/createSvgIcon';\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nexport default createSvgIcon( /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n  d: \"M12 2C6.47 2 2 6.47 2 12s4.47 10 10 10 10-4.47 10-10S17.53 2 12 2zm5 13.59L15.59 17 12 13.41 8.41 17 7 15.59 10.59 12 7 8.41 8.41 7 12 10.59 15.59 7 17 8.41 13.41 12 17 15.59z\"\n}), 'Cancel');","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport CancelIcon from '../internal/svg-icons/Cancel';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { emphasize, alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport unsupportedProp from '../utils/unsupportedProp';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  var backgroundColor = theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[300] : theme.palette.grey[700];\n  var deleteIconColor = alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, 0.26);\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      fontFamily: theme.typography.fontFamily,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13),\n      display: 'inline-flex',\n      alignItems: 'center',\n      justifyContent: 'center',\n      height: 32,\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(backgroundColor),\n      backgroundColor: backgroundColor,\n      borderRadius: 32 / 2,\n      whiteSpace: 'nowrap',\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow']),\n      // label will inherit this from root, then `clickable` class overrides this for both\n      cursor: 'default',\n      // We disable the focus ring for mouse, touch and keyboard users.\n      outline: 0,\n      textDecoration: 'none',\n      border: 'none',\n      // Remove `button` border\n      padding: 0,\n      // Remove `button` padding\n      verticalAlign: 'middle',\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      '&$disabled': {\n        opacity: 0.5,\n        pointerEvents: 'none'\n      },\n      '& $avatar': {\n        marginLeft: 5,\n        marginRight: -6,\n        width: 24,\n        height: 24,\n        color: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[700] : theme.palette.grey[300],\n        fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(12)\n      },\n      '& $avatarColorPrimary': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark\n      },\n      '& $avatarColorSecondary': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark\n      },\n      '& $avatarSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 4,\n        marginRight: -4,\n        width: 18,\n        height: 18,\n        fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(10)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    sizeSmall: {\n      height: 24\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickable: {\n      userSelect: 'none',\n      WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n      cursor: 'pointer',\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(backgroundColor, 0.08)\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[1]\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` and `color=\"primary\"` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickableColorPrimary: {\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` and `color=\"secondary\"` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickableColorSecondary: {\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` is defined. */\n    deletable: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(backgroundColor, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` and `color=\"primary\"` is defined. */\n    deletableColorPrimary: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.2)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` and `color=\"secondary\"` is defined. */\n    deletableColorSecondary: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.2)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      backgroundColor: 'transparent',\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.type === 'light' ? 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23)' : 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.23)'),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      },\n      '& $avatar': {\n        marginLeft: 4\n      },\n      '& $avatarSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 2\n      },\n      '& $icon': {\n        marginLeft: 4\n      },\n      '& $iconSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 2\n      },\n      '& $deleteIcon': {\n        marginRight: 5\n      },\n      '& $deleteIconSmall': {\n        marginRight: 3\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    outlinedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.primary.main),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    outlinedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.secondary.main),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      }\n    },\n    // TODO v5: remove\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element. */\n    avatar: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    avatarSmall: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    avatarColorPrimary: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    avatarColorSecondary: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element. */\n    icon: {\n      color: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[700] : theme.palette.grey[300],\n      marginLeft: 5,\n      marginRight: -6\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    iconSmall: {\n      width: 18,\n      height: 18,\n      marginLeft: 4,\n      marginRight: -4\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    iconColorPrimary: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    iconColorSecondary: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the label `span` element. */\n    label: {\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      textOverflow: 'ellipsis',\n      paddingLeft: 12,\n      paddingRight: 12,\n      whiteSpace: 'nowrap'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the label `span` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    labelSmall: {\n      paddingLeft: 8,\n      paddingRight: 8\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `deleteIcon` element. */\n    deleteIcon: {\n      WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n      color: deleteIconColor,\n      height: 22,\n      width: 22,\n      cursor: 'pointer',\n      margin: '0 5px 0 -6px',\n      '&:hover': {\n        color: alpha(deleteIconColor, 0.4)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `deleteIcon` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    deleteIconSmall: {\n      height: 16,\n      width: 16,\n      marginRight: 4,\n      marginLeft: -4\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"primary\"` and `variant=\"default\"`. */\n    deleteIconColorPrimary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.primary.contrastText, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"secondary\"` and `variant=\"default\"`. */\n    deleteIconColorSecondary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.contrastText, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"primary\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    deleteIconOutlinedColorPrimary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.main\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"secondary\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    deleteIconOutlinedColorSecondary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\nfunction isDeleteKeyboardEvent(keyboardEvent) {\n  return keyboardEvent.key === 'Backspace' || keyboardEvent.key === 'Delete';\n}\n/**\n * Chips represent complex entities in small blocks, such as a contact.\n */\n\nvar Chip = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Chip(props, ref) {\n  var avatarProp = props.avatar,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    clickableProp = props.clickable,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    ComponentProp = props.component,\n    deleteIconProp = props.deleteIcon,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    iconProp = props.icon,\n    label = props.label,\n    onClick = props.onClick,\n    onDelete = props.onDelete,\n    onKeyDown = props.onKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp = props.onKeyUp,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$size,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"avatar\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"clickable\", \"color\", \"component\", \"deleteIcon\", \"disabled\", \"icon\", \"label\", \"onClick\", \"onDelete\", \"onKeyDown\", \"onKeyUp\", \"size\", \"variant\"]);\n  var chipRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(chipRef, ref);\n  var handleDeleteIconClick = function handleDeleteIconClick(event) {\n    // Stop the event from bubbling up to the `Chip`\n    event.stopPropagation();\n    if (onDelete) {\n      onDelete(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyDown = function handleKeyDown(event) {\n    // Ignore events from children of `Chip`.\n    if (event.currentTarget === event.target && isDeleteKeyboardEvent(event)) {\n      // will be handled in keyUp, otherwise some browsers\n      // might init navigation\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onKeyDown) {\n      onKeyDown(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyUp = function handleKeyUp(event) {\n    // Ignore events from children of `Chip`.\n    if (event.currentTarget === event.target) {\n      if (onDelete && isDeleteKeyboardEvent(event)) {\n        onDelete(event);\n      } else if (event.key === 'Escape' && chipRef.current) {\n        chipRef.current.blur();\n      }\n    }\n    if (onKeyUp) {\n      onKeyUp(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var clickable = clickableProp !== false && onClick ? true : clickableProp;\n  var small = size === 'small';\n  var Component = ComponentProp || (clickable ? ButtonBase : 'div');\n  var moreProps = Component === ButtonBase ? {\n    component: 'div'\n  } : {};\n  var deleteIcon = null;\n  if (onDelete) {\n    var customClasses = clsx(color !== 'default' && (variant === \"default\" ? classes[\"deleteIconColor\".concat(capitalize(color))] : classes[\"deleteIconOutlinedColor\".concat(capitalize(color))]), small && classes.deleteIconSmall);\n    deleteIcon = deleteIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(deleteIconProp) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(deleteIconProp, {\n      className: clsx(deleteIconProp.props.className, classes.deleteIcon, customClasses),\n      onClick: handleDeleteIconClick\n    }) : /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CancelIcon, {\n      className: clsx(classes.deleteIcon, customClasses),\n      onClick: handleDeleteIconClick\n    });\n  }\n  var avatar = null;\n  if (avatarProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(avatarProp)) {\n    avatar = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(avatarProp, {\n      className: clsx(classes.avatar, avatarProp.props.className, small && classes.avatarSmall, color !== 'default' && classes[\"avatarColor\".concat(capitalize(color))])\n    });\n  }\n  var icon = null;\n  if (iconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(iconProp)) {\n    icon = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(iconProp, {\n      className: clsx(classes.icon, iconProp.props.className, small && classes.iconSmall, color !== 'default' && classes[\"iconColor\".concat(capitalize(color))])\n    });\n  }\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    if (avatar && icon) {\n      console.error('Material-UI: The Chip component can not handle the avatar ' + 'and the icon prop at the same time. Pick one.');\n    }\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    role: clickable || onDelete ? 'button' : undefined,\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'default' && [classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], clickable && classes[\"clickableColor\".concat(capitalize(color))], onDelete && classes[\"deletableColor\".concat(capitalize(color))]], variant !== \"default\" && [classes.outlined, {\n      'primary': classes.outlinedPrimary,\n      'secondary': classes.outlinedSecondary\n    }[color]], disabled && classes.disabled, small && classes.sizeSmall, clickable && classes.clickable, onDelete && classes.deletable),\n    \"aria-disabled\": disabled ? true : undefined,\n    tabIndex: clickable || onDelete ? 0 : undefined,\n    onClick: onClick,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp: handleKeyUp,\n    ref: handleRef\n  }, moreProps, other), avatar || icon, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.label, small && classes.labelSmall)\n  }, label), deleteIcon);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiChip'\n})(Chip);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nvar SIZE = 44;\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      display: 'inline-block'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"static\"`. */\n    static: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('transform')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"indeterminate\"`. */\n    indeterminate: {\n      animation: '$circular-rotate 1.4s linear infinite'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"determinate\"`. */\n    determinate: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('transform')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `svg` element. */\n    svg: {\n      display: 'block' // Keeps the progress centered\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path. */\n    circle: {\n      stroke: 'currentColor' // Use butt to follow the specification, by chance, it's already the default CSS value.\n      // strokeLinecap: 'butt',\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"static\"`. */\n    circleStatic: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('stroke-dashoffset')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"indeterminate\"`. */\n    circleIndeterminate: {\n      animation: '$circular-dash 1.4s ease-in-out infinite',\n      // Some default value that looks fine waiting for the animation to kicks in.\n      strokeDasharray: '80px, 200px',\n      strokeDashoffset: '0px' // Add the unit to fix a Edge 16 and below bug.\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"determinate\"`. */\n    circleDeterminate: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('stroke-dashoffset')\n    },\n    '@keyframes circular-rotate': {\n      '0%': {\n        // Fix IE 11 wobbly\n        transformOrigin: '50% 50%'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'rotate(360deg)'\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes circular-dash': {\n      '0%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '1px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '0px'\n      },\n      '50%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '100px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '-15px'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '100px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '-125px'\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `disableShrink={true}`. */\n    circleDisableShrink: {\n      animation: 'none'\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * ## ARIA\n *\n * If the progress bar is describing the loading progress of a particular region of a page,\n * you should use `aria-describedby` to point to the progress bar, and set the `aria-busy`\n * attribute to `true` on that region until it has finished loading.\n */\n\nvar CircularProgress = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function CircularProgress(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'primary' : _props$color,\n    _props$disableShrink = props.disableShrink,\n    disableShrink = _props$disableShrink === void 0 ? false : _props$disableShrink,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 40 : _props$size,\n    style = props.style,\n    _props$thickness = props.thickness,\n    thickness = _props$thickness === void 0 ? 3.6 : _props$thickness,\n    _props$value = props.value,\n    value = _props$value === void 0 ? 0 : _props$value,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'indeterminate' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"disableShrink\", \"size\", \"style\", \"thickness\", \"value\", \"variant\"]);\n  var circleStyle = {};\n  var rootStyle = {};\n  var rootProps = {};\n  if (variant === 'determinate' || variant === 'static') {\n    var circumference = 2 * Math.PI * ((SIZE - thickness) / 2);\n    circleStyle.strokeDasharray = circumference.toFixed(3);\n    rootProps['aria-valuenow'] = Math.round(value);\n    circleStyle.strokeDashoffset = \"\".concat(((100 - value) / 100 * circumference).toFixed(3), \"px\");\n    rootStyle.transform = 'rotate(-90deg)';\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'inherit' && classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], {\n      'determinate': classes.determinate,\n      'indeterminate': classes.indeterminate,\n      'static': classes.static\n    }[variant]),\n    style: _extends({\n      width: size,\n      height: size\n    }, rootStyle, style),\n    ref: ref,\n    role: \"progressbar\"\n  }, rootProps, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"svg\", {\n    className: classes.svg,\n    viewBox: \"\".concat(SIZE / 2, \" \").concat(SIZE / 2, \" \").concat(SIZE, \" \").concat(SIZE)\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"circle\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.circle, disableShrink && classes.circleDisableShrink, {\n      'determinate': classes.circleDeterminate,\n      'indeterminate': classes.circleIndeterminate,\n      'static': classes.circleStatic\n    }[variant]),\n    style: circleStyle,\n    cx: SIZE,\n    cy: SIZE,\n    r: (SIZE - thickness) / 2,\n    fill: \"none\",\n    strokeWidth: thickness\n  })));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCircularProgress',\n  flip: false\n})(CircularProgress);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      height: 1,\n      margin: 0,\n      // Reset browser default style.\n      border: 'none',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.divider\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `absolute={true}`. */\n    absolute: {\n      position: 'absolute',\n      bottom: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      width: '100%'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"inset\"`. */\n    inset: {\n      marginLeft: 72\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `light={true}`. */\n    light: {\n      backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.divider, 0.08)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"middle\"`. */\n    middle: {\n      marginLeft: theme.spacing(2),\n      marginRight: theme.spacing(2)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `orientation=\"vertical\"`. */\n    vertical: {\n      height: '100%',\n      width: 1\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `flexItem={true}`. */\n    flexItem: {\n      alignSelf: 'stretch',\n      height: 'auto'\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Divider = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Divider(props, ref) {\n  var _props$absolute = props.absolute,\n    absolute = _props$absolute === void 0 ? false : _props$absolute,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'hr' : _props$component,\n    _props$flexItem = props.flexItem,\n    flexItem = _props$flexItem === void 0 ? false : _props$flexItem,\n    _props$light = props.light,\n    light = _props$light === void 0 ? false : _props$light,\n    _props$orientation = props.orientation,\n    orientation = _props$orientation === void 0 ? 'horizontal' : _props$orientation,\n    _props$role = props.role,\n    role = _props$role === void 0 ? Component !== 'hr' ? 'separator' : undefined : _props$role,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'fullWidth' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"absolute\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"flexItem\", \"light\", \"orientation\", \"role\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, variant !== 'fullWidth' && classes[variant], absolute && classes.absolute, flexItem && classes.flexItem, light && classes.light, orientation === 'vertical' && classes.vertical),\n    role: role,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiDivider'\n})(Divider);","import _classCallCheck from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck\";\nimport _createClass from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass\";\nimport _toConsumableArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/toConsumableArray\";\nimport getScrollbarSize from '../utils/getScrollbarSize';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport ownerWindow from '../utils/ownerWindow'; // Is a vertical scrollbar displayed?\n\nfunction isOverflowing(container) {\n  var doc = ownerDocument(container);\n  if (doc.body === container) {\n    return ownerWindow(doc).innerWidth > doc.documentElement.clientWidth;\n  }\n  return container.scrollHeight > container.clientHeight;\n}\nexport function ariaHidden(node, show) {\n  if (show) {\n    node.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');\n  } else {\n    node.removeAttribute('aria-hidden');\n  }\n}\nfunction getPaddingRight(node) {\n  return parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(node)['padding-right'], 10) || 0;\n}\nfunction ariaHiddenSiblings(container, mountNode, currentNode) {\n  var nodesToExclude = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : [];\n  var show = arguments.length > 4 ? arguments[4] : undefined;\n  var blacklist = [mountNode, currentNode].concat(_toConsumableArray(nodesToExclude));\n  var blacklistTagNames = ['TEMPLATE', 'SCRIPT', 'STYLE'];\n  [].forEach.call(container.children, function (node) {\n    if (node.nodeType === 1 && blacklist.indexOf(node) === -1 && blacklistTagNames.indexOf(node.tagName) === -1) {\n      ariaHidden(node, show);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction findIndexOf(containerInfo, callback) {\n  var idx = -1;\n  containerInfo.some(function (item, index) {\n    if (callback(item)) {\n      idx = index;\n      return true;\n    }\n    return false;\n  });\n  return idx;\n}\nfunction handleContainer(containerInfo, props) {\n  var restoreStyle = [];\n  var restorePaddings = [];\n  var container = containerInfo.container;\n  var fixedNodes;\n  if (!props.disableScrollLock) {\n    if (isOverflowing(container)) {\n      // Compute the size before applying overflow hidden to avoid any scroll jumps.\n      var scrollbarSize = getScrollbarSize();\n      restoreStyle.push({\n        value: container.style.paddingRight,\n        key: 'padding-right',\n        el: container\n      }); // Use computed style, here to get the real padding to add our scrollbar width.\n\n      container.style['padding-right'] = \"\".concat(getPaddingRight(container) + scrollbarSize, \"px\"); // .mui-fixed is a global helper.\n\n      fixedNodes = ownerDocument(container).querySelectorAll('.mui-fixed');\n      [].forEach.call(fixedNodes, function (node) {\n        restorePaddings.push(node.style.paddingRight);\n        node.style.paddingRight = \"\".concat(getPaddingRight(node) + scrollbarSize, \"px\");\n      });\n    } // Improve Gatsby support\n    // https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/force-vertical-scrollbar/\n\n    var parent = container.parentElement;\n    var scrollContainer = parent.nodeName === 'HTML' && window.getComputedStyle(parent)['overflow-y'] === 'scroll' ? parent : container; // Block the scroll even if no scrollbar is visible to account for mobile keyboard\n    // screensize shrink.\n\n    restoreStyle.push({\n      value: scrollContainer.style.overflow,\n      key: 'overflow',\n      el: scrollContainer\n    });\n    scrollContainer.style.overflow = 'hidden';\n  }\n  var restore = function restore() {\n    if (fixedNodes) {\n      [].forEach.call(fixedNodes, function (node, i) {\n        if (restorePaddings[i]) {\n          node.style.paddingRight = restorePaddings[i];\n        } else {\n          node.style.removeProperty('padding-right');\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    restoreStyle.forEach(function (_ref) {\n      var value = _ref.value,\n        el = _ref.el,\n        key = _ref.key;\n      if (value) {\n        el.style.setProperty(key, value);\n      } else {\n        el.style.removeProperty(key);\n      }\n    });\n  };\n  return restore;\n}\nfunction getHiddenSiblings(container) {\n  var hiddenSiblings = [];\n  [].forEach.call(container.children, function (node) {\n    if (node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute('aria-hidden') === 'true') {\n      hiddenSiblings.push(node);\n    }\n  });\n  return hiddenSiblings;\n}\n/**\n * @ignore - do not document.\n *\n * Proper state management for containers and the modals in those containers.\n * Simplified, but inspired by react-overlay's ModalManager class.\n * Used by the Modal to ensure proper styling of containers.\n */\n\nvar ModalManager = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function ModalManager() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ModalManager);\n\n    // this.modals[modalIndex] = modal\n    this.modals = []; // this.containers[containerIndex] = {\n    //   modals: [],\n    //   container,\n    //   restore: null,\n    // }\n\n    this.containers = [];\n  }\n  _createClass(ModalManager, [{\n    key: \"add\",\n    value: function add(modal, container) {\n      var modalIndex = this.modals.indexOf(modal);\n      if (modalIndex !== -1) {\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      modalIndex = this.modals.length;\n      this.modals.push(modal); // If the modal we are adding is already in the DOM.\n\n      if (modal.modalRef) {\n        ariaHidden(modal.modalRef, false);\n      }\n      var hiddenSiblingNodes = getHiddenSiblings(container);\n      ariaHiddenSiblings(container, modal.mountNode, modal.modalRef, hiddenSiblingNodes, true);\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.container === container;\n      });\n      if (containerIndex !== -1) {\n        this.containers[containerIndex].modals.push(modal);\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      this.containers.push({\n        modals: [modal],\n        container: container,\n        restore: null,\n        hiddenSiblingNodes: hiddenSiblingNodes\n      });\n      return modalIndex;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"mount\",\n    value: function mount(modal, props) {\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.modals.indexOf(modal) !== -1;\n      });\n      var containerInfo = this.containers[containerIndex];\n      if (!containerInfo.restore) {\n        containerInfo.restore = handleContainer(containerInfo, props);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"remove\",\n    value: function remove(modal) {\n      var modalIndex = this.modals.indexOf(modal);\n      if (modalIndex === -1) {\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.modals.indexOf(modal) !== -1;\n      });\n      var containerInfo = this.containers[containerIndex];\n      containerInfo.modals.splice(containerInfo.modals.indexOf(modal), 1);\n      this.modals.splice(modalIndex, 1); // If that was the last modal in a container, clean up the container.\n\n      if (containerInfo.modals.length === 0) {\n        // The modal might be closed before it had the chance to be mounted in the DOM.\n        if (containerInfo.restore) {\n          containerInfo.restore();\n        }\n        if (modal.modalRef) {\n          // In case the modal wasn't in the DOM yet.\n          ariaHidden(modal.modalRef, true);\n        }\n        ariaHiddenSiblings(containerInfo.container, modal.mountNode, modal.modalRef, containerInfo.hiddenSiblingNodes, false);\n        this.containers.splice(containerIndex, 1);\n      } else {\n        // Otherwise make sure the next top modal is visible to a screen reader.\n        var nextTop = containerInfo.modals[containerInfo.modals.length - 1]; // as soon as a modal is adding its modalRef is undefined. it can't set\n        // aria-hidden because the dom element doesn't exist either\n        // when modal was unmounted before modalRef gets null\n\n        if (nextTop.modalRef) {\n          ariaHidden(nextTop.modalRef, false);\n        }\n      }\n      return modalIndex;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isTopModal\",\n    value: function isTopModal(modal) {\n      return this.modals.length > 0 && this.modals[this.modals.length - 1] === modal;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ModalManager;\n}();\nexport { ModalManager as default };","/* eslint-disable consistent-return, jsx-a11y/no-noninteractive-tabindex, camelcase */\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport { exactProp } from '@material-ui/utils';\n/**\n * Utility component that locks focus inside the component.\n */\n\nfunction Unstable_TrapFocus(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    _props$disableAutoFoc = props.disableAutoFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus = _props$disableAutoFoc === void 0 ? false : _props$disableAutoFoc,\n    _props$disableEnforce = props.disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableEnforceFocus = _props$disableEnforce === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEnforce,\n    _props$disableRestore = props.disableRestoreFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus = _props$disableRestore === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRestore,\n    getDoc = props.getDoc,\n    isEnabled = props.isEnabled,\n    open = props.open;\n  var ignoreNextEnforceFocus = React.useRef();\n  var sentinelStart = React.useRef(null);\n  var sentinelEnd = React.useRef(null);\n  var nodeToRestore = React.useRef();\n  var rootRef = React.useRef(null); // can be removed once we drop support for non ref forwarding class components\n\n  var handleOwnRef = React.useCallback(function (instance) {\n    // #StrictMode ready\n    rootRef.current = ReactDOM.findDOMNode(instance);\n  }, []);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(children.ref, handleOwnRef);\n  var prevOpenRef = React.useRef();\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    prevOpenRef.current = open;\n  }, [open]);\n  if (!prevOpenRef.current && open && typeof window !== 'undefined') {\n    // WARNING: Potentially unsafe in concurrent mode.\n    // The way the read on `nodeToRestore` is setup could make this actually safe.\n    // Say we render `open={false}` -> `open={true}` but never commit.\n    // We have now written a state that wasn't committed. But no committed effect\n    // will read this wrong value. We only read from `nodeToRestore` in effects\n    // that were committed on `open={true}`\n    // WARNING: Prevents the instance from being garbage collected. Should only\n    // hold a weak ref.\n    nodeToRestore.current = getDoc().activeElement;\n  }\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (!open) {\n      return;\n    }\n    var doc = ownerDocument(rootRef.current); // We might render an empty child.\n\n    if (!disableAutoFocus && rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(doc.activeElement)) {\n      if (!rootRef.current.hasAttribute('tabIndex')) {\n        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n          console.error(['Material-UI: The modal content node does not accept focus.', 'For the benefit of assistive technologies, ' + 'the tabIndex of the node is being set to \"-1\".'].join('\\n'));\n        }\n        rootRef.current.setAttribute('tabIndex', -1);\n      }\n      rootRef.current.focus();\n    }\n    var contain = function contain() {\n      var rootElement = rootRef.current; // Cleanup functions are executed lazily in React 17.\n      // Contain can be called between the component being unmounted and its cleanup function being run.\n\n      if (rootElement === null) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!doc.hasFocus() || disableEnforceFocus || !isEnabled() || ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current) {\n        ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current = false;\n        return;\n      }\n      if (rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(doc.activeElement)) {\n        rootRef.current.focus();\n      }\n    };\n    var loopFocus = function loopFocus(event) {\n      // 9 = Tab\n      if (disableEnforceFocus || !isEnabled() || event.keyCode !== 9) {\n        return;\n      } // Make sure the next tab starts from the right place.\n\n      if (doc.activeElement === rootRef.current) {\n        // We need to ignore the next contain as\n        // it will try to move the focus back to the rootRef element.\n        ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current = true;\n        if (event.shiftKey) {\n          sentinelEnd.current.focus();\n        } else {\n          sentinelStart.current.focus();\n        }\n      }\n    };\n    doc.addEventListener('focus', contain, true);\n    doc.addEventListener('keydown', loopFocus, true); // With Edge, Safari and Firefox, no focus related events are fired when the focused area stops being a focused area\n    // e.g. https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=559561.\n    //\n    // The whatwg spec defines how the browser should behave but does not explicitly mention any events:\n    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#focus-fixup-rule.\n\n    var interval = setInterval(function () {\n      contain();\n    }, 50);\n    return function () {\n      clearInterval(interval);\n      doc.removeEventListener('focus', contain, true);\n      doc.removeEventListener('keydown', loopFocus, true); // restoreLastFocus()\n\n      if (!disableRestoreFocus) {\n        // In IE 11 it is possible for document.activeElement to be null resulting\n        // in nodeToRestore.current being null.\n        // Not all elements in IE 11 have a focus method.\n        // Once IE 11 support is dropped the focus() call can be unconditional.\n        if (nodeToRestore.current && nodeToRestore.current.focus) {\n          nodeToRestore.current.focus();\n        }\n        nodeToRestore.current = null;\n      }\n    };\n  }, [disableAutoFocus, disableEnforceFocus, disableRestoreFocus, isEnabled, open]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n    tabIndex: 0,\n    ref: sentinelStart,\n    \"data-test\": \"sentinelStart\"\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, {\n    ref: handleRef\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n    tabIndex: 0,\n    ref: sentinelEnd,\n    \"data-test\": \"sentinelEnd\"\n  }));\n}\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line\n  Unstable_TrapFocus['propTypes' + ''] = exactProp(Unstable_TrapFocus.propTypes);\n}\nexport default Unstable_TrapFocus;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    zIndex: -1,\n    position: 'fixed',\n    right: 0,\n    bottom: 0,\n    top: 0,\n    left: 0,\n    backgroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',\n    WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent'\n  },\n  /* Styles applied to the root element if `invisible={true}`. */\n  invisible: {\n    backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n  }\n};\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nvar SimpleBackdrop = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function SimpleBackdrop(props, ref) {\n  var _props$invisible = props.invisible,\n    invisible = _props$invisible === void 0 ? false : _props$invisible,\n    open = props.open,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"invisible\", \"open\"]);\n  return open ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    \"aria-hidden\": true,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other, {\n    style: _extends({}, styles.root, invisible ? styles.invisible : {}, other.style)\n  })) : null;\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default SimpleBackdrop;","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport { getThemeProps, useTheme } from '@material-ui/styles';\nimport { elementAcceptingRef, HTMLElementType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport Portal from '../Portal';\nimport createChainedFunction from '../utils/createChainedFunction';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nimport zIndex from '../styles/zIndex';\nimport ModalManager, { ariaHidden } from './ModalManager';\nimport TrapFocus from '../Unstable_TrapFocus';\nimport SimpleBackdrop from './SimpleBackdrop';\nfunction getContainer(container) {\n  container = typeof container === 'function' ? container() : container;\n  return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(container);\n}\nfunction getHasTransition(props) {\n  return props.children ? props.children.props.hasOwnProperty('in') : false;\n} // A modal manager used to track and manage the state of open Modals.\n// Modals don't open on the server so this won't conflict with concurrent requests.\n\nvar defaultManager = new ModalManager();\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      position: 'fixed',\n      zIndex: theme.zIndex.modal,\n      right: 0,\n      bottom: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      left: 0\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if the `Modal` has exited. */\n    hidden: {\n      visibility: 'hidden'\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Modal is a lower-level construct that is leveraged by the following components:\n *\n * - [Dialog](/api/dialog/)\n * - [Drawer](/api/drawer/)\n * - [Menu](/api/menu/)\n * - [Popover](/api/popover/)\n *\n * If you are creating a modal dialog, you probably want to use the [Dialog](/api/dialog/) component\n * rather than directly using Modal.\n *\n * This component shares many concepts with [react-overlays](https://react-bootstrap.github.io/react-overlays/#modals).\n */\n\nvar Modal = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Modal(inProps, ref) {\n  var theme = useTheme();\n  var props = getThemeProps({\n    name: 'MuiModal',\n    props: _extends({}, inProps),\n    theme: theme\n  });\n  var _props$BackdropCompon = props.BackdropComponent,\n    BackdropComponent = _props$BackdropCompon === void 0 ? SimpleBackdrop : _props$BackdropCompon,\n    BackdropProps = props.BackdropProps,\n    children = props.children,\n    _props$closeAfterTran = props.closeAfterTransition,\n    closeAfterTransition = _props$closeAfterTran === void 0 ? false : _props$closeAfterTran,\n    container = props.container,\n    _props$disableAutoFoc = props.disableAutoFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus = _props$disableAutoFoc === void 0 ? false : _props$disableAutoFoc,\n    _props$disableBackdro = props.disableBackdropClick,\n    disableBackdropClick = _props$disableBackdro === void 0 ? false : _props$disableBackdro,\n    _props$disableEnforce = props.disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableEnforceFocus = _props$disableEnforce === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEnforce,\n    _props$disableEscapeK = props.disableEscapeKeyDown,\n    disableEscapeKeyDown = _props$disableEscapeK === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEscapeK,\n    _props$disablePortal = props.disablePortal,\n    disablePortal = _props$disablePortal === void 0 ? false : _props$disablePortal,\n    _props$disableRestore = props.disableRestoreFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus = _props$disableRestore === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRestore,\n    _props$disableScrollL = props.disableScrollLock,\n    disableScrollLock = _props$disableScrollL === void 0 ? false : _props$disableScrollL,\n    _props$hideBackdrop = props.hideBackdrop,\n    hideBackdrop = _props$hideBackdrop === void 0 ? false : _props$hideBackdrop,\n    _props$keepMounted = props.keepMounted,\n    keepMounted = _props$keepMounted === void 0 ? false : _props$keepMounted,\n    _props$manager = props.manager,\n    manager = _props$manager === void 0 ? defaultManager : _props$manager,\n    onBackdropClick = props.onBackdropClick,\n    onClose = props.onClose,\n    onEscapeKeyDown = props.onEscapeKeyDown,\n    onRendered = props.onRendered,\n    open = props.open,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"BackdropComponent\", \"BackdropProps\", \"children\", \"closeAfterTransition\", \"container\", \"disableAutoFocus\", \"disableBackdropClick\", \"disableEnforceFocus\", \"disableEscapeKeyDown\", \"disablePortal\", \"disableRestoreFocus\", \"disableScrollLock\", \"hideBackdrop\", \"keepMounted\", \"manager\", \"onBackdropClick\", \"onClose\", \"onEscapeKeyDown\", \"onRendered\", \"open\"]);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(true),\n    exited = _React$useState[0],\n    setExited = _React$useState[1];\n  var modal = React.useRef({});\n  var mountNodeRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var modalRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(modalRef, ref);\n  var hasTransition = getHasTransition(props);\n  var getDoc = function getDoc() {\n    return ownerDocument(mountNodeRef.current);\n  };\n  var getModal = function getModal() {\n    modal.current.modalRef = modalRef.current;\n    modal.current.mountNode = mountNodeRef.current;\n    return modal.current;\n  };\n  var handleMounted = function handleMounted() {\n    manager.mount(getModal(), {\n      disableScrollLock: disableScrollLock\n    }); // Fix a bug on Chrome where the scroll isn't initially 0.\n\n    modalRef.current.scrollTop = 0;\n  };\n  var handleOpen = useEventCallback(function () {\n    var resolvedContainer = getContainer(container) || getDoc().body;\n    manager.add(getModal(), resolvedContainer); // The element was already mounted.\n\n    if (modalRef.current) {\n      handleMounted();\n    }\n  });\n  var isTopModal = React.useCallback(function () {\n    return manager.isTopModal(getModal());\n  }, [manager]);\n  var handlePortalRef = useEventCallback(function (node) {\n    mountNodeRef.current = node;\n    if (!node) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onRendered) {\n      onRendered();\n    }\n    if (open && isTopModal()) {\n      handleMounted();\n    } else {\n      ariaHidden(modalRef.current, true);\n    }\n  });\n  var handleClose = React.useCallback(function () {\n    manager.remove(getModal());\n  }, [manager]);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    return function () {\n      handleClose();\n    };\n  }, [handleClose]);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (open) {\n      handleOpen();\n    } else if (!hasTransition || !closeAfterTransition) {\n      handleClose();\n    }\n  }, [open, handleClose, hasTransition, closeAfterTransition, handleOpen]);\n  if (!keepMounted && !open && (!hasTransition || exited)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var handleEnter = function handleEnter() {\n    setExited(false);\n  };\n  var handleExited = function handleExited() {\n    setExited(true);\n    if (closeAfterTransition) {\n      handleClose();\n    }\n  };\n  var handleBackdropClick = function handleBackdropClick(event) {\n    if (event.target !== event.currentTarget) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onBackdropClick) {\n      onBackdropClick(event);\n    }\n    if (!disableBackdropClick && onClose) {\n      onClose(event, 'backdropClick');\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyDown = function handleKeyDown(event) {\n    // The handler doesn't take event.defaultPrevented into account:\n    //\n    // event.preventDefault() is meant to stop default behaviours like\n    // clicking a checkbox to check it, hitting a button to submit a form,\n    // and hitting left arrow to move the cursor in a text input etc.\n    // Only special HTML elements have these default behaviors.\n    if (event.key !== 'Escape' || !isTopModal()) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onEscapeKeyDown) {\n      onEscapeKeyDown(event);\n    }\n    if (!disableEscapeKeyDown) {\n      // Swallow the event, in case someone is listening for the escape key on the body.\n      event.stopPropagation();\n      if (onClose) {\n        onClose(event, 'escapeKeyDown');\n      }\n    }\n  };\n  var inlineStyle = styles(theme || {\n    zIndex: zIndex\n  });\n  var childProps = {};\n  if (children.props.tabIndex === undefined) {\n    childProps.tabIndex = children.props.tabIndex || '-1';\n  } // It's a Transition like component\n\n  if (hasTransition) {\n    childProps.onEnter = createChainedFunction(handleEnter, children.props.onEnter);\n    childProps.onExited = createChainedFunction(handleExited, children.props.onExited);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Portal, {\n    ref: handlePortalRef,\n    container: container,\n    disablePortal: disablePortal\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    ref: handleRef,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    role: \"presentation\"\n  }, other, {\n    style: _extends({}, inlineStyle.root, !open && exited ? inlineStyle.hidden : {}, other.style)\n  }), hideBackdrop ? null : /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(BackdropComponent, _extends({\n    open: open,\n    onClick: handleBackdropClick\n  }, BackdropProps)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TrapFocus, {\n    disableEnforceFocus: disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus: disableAutoFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus: disableRestoreFocus,\n    getDoc: getDoc,\n    isEnabled: isTopModal,\n    open: open\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, childProps))));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default Modal;","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  var elevations = {};\n  theme.shadows.forEach(function (shadow, index) {\n    elevations[\"elevation\".concat(index)] = {\n      boxShadow: shadow\n    };\n  });\n  return _extends({\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.background.paper,\n      color: theme.palette.text.primary,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('box-shadow')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `square={false}`. */\n    rounded: {\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.divider)\n    }\n  }, elevations);\n};\nvar Paper = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Paper(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    _props$square = props.square,\n    square = _props$square === void 0 ? false : _props$square,\n    _props$elevation = props.elevation,\n    elevation = _props$elevation === void 0 ? 1 : _props$elevation,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'elevation' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"square\", \"elevation\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, variant === 'outlined' ? classes.outlined : classes[\"elevation\".concat(elevation)], !square && classes.rounded),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiPaper'\n})(Paper);","import * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport { exactProp, HTMLElementType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport setRef from '../utils/setRef';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nfunction getContainer(container) {\n  container = typeof container === 'function' ? container() : container; // #StrictMode ready\n\n  return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(container);\n}\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? React.useLayoutEffect : React.useEffect;\n/**\n * Portals provide a first-class way to render children into a DOM node\n * that exists outside the DOM hierarchy of the parent component.\n */\n\nvar Portal = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Portal(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    container = props.container,\n    _props$disablePortal = props.disablePortal,\n    disablePortal = _props$disablePortal === void 0 ? false : _props$disablePortal,\n    onRendered = props.onRendered;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(null),\n    mountNode = _React$useState[0],\n    setMountNode = _React$useState[1];\n  var handleRef = useForkRef( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(children) ? children.ref : null, ref);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (!disablePortal) {\n      setMountNode(getContainer(container) || document.body);\n    }\n  }, [container, disablePortal]);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (mountNode && !disablePortal) {\n      setRef(ref, mountNode);\n      return function () {\n        setRef(ref, null);\n      };\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }, [ref, mountNode, disablePortal]);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (onRendered && (mountNode || disablePortal)) {\n      onRendered();\n    }\n  }, [onRendered, mountNode, disablePortal]);\n  if (disablePortal) {\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(children)) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, {\n        ref: handleRef\n      });\n    }\n    return children;\n  }\n  return mountNode ? /*#__PURE__*/ReactDOM.createPortal(children, mountNode) : mountNode;\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line\n  Portal['propTypes' + ''] = exactProp(Portal.propTypes);\n}\nexport default Portal;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      userSelect: 'none',\n      width: '1em',\n      height: '1em',\n      display: 'inline-block',\n      fill: 'currentColor',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(24),\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('fill', {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.shorter\n      })\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"action\"`. */\n    colorAction: {\n      color: theme.palette.action.active\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"error\"`. */\n    colorError: {\n      color: theme.palette.error.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"disabled\"`. */\n    colorDisabled: {\n      color: theme.palette.action.disabled\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"inherit\"`. */\n    fontSizeInherit: {\n      fontSize: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"small\"`. */\n    fontSizeSmall: {\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(20)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"large\"`. */\n    fontSizeLarge: {\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(35)\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar SvgIcon = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function SvgIcon(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'inherit' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'svg' : _props$component,\n    _props$fontSize = props.fontSize,\n    fontSize = _props$fontSize === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$fontSize,\n    htmlColor = props.htmlColor,\n    titleAccess = props.titleAccess,\n    _props$viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    viewBox = _props$viewBox === void 0 ? '0 0 24 24' : _props$viewBox,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"fontSize\", \"htmlColor\", \"titleAccess\", \"viewBox\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'inherit' && classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], fontSize !== 'default' && fontSize !== 'medium' && classes[\"fontSize\".concat(capitalize(fontSize))]),\n    focusable: \"false\",\n    viewBox: viewBox,\n    color: htmlColor,\n    \"aria-hidden\": titleAccess ? undefined : true,\n    role: titleAccess ? 'img' : undefined,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), children, titleAccess ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"title\", null, titleAccess) : null);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nSvgIcon.muiName = 'SvgIcon';\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiSvgIcon'\n})(SvgIcon);","import { formatMuiErrorMessage as _formatMuiErrorMessage } from \"@material-ui/utils\";\n// It should to be noted that this function isn't equivalent to `text-transform: capitalize`.\n//\n// A strict capitalization should uppercase the first letter of each word a the sentence.\n// We only handle the first word.\nexport default function capitalize(string) {\n  if (typeof string !== 'string') {\n    throw new Error(process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? \"Material-UI: capitalize(string) expects a string argument.\" : _formatMuiErrorMessage(7));\n  }\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);\n}","/**\n * Safe chained function\n *\n * Will only create a new function if needed,\n * otherwise will pass back existing functions or null.\n *\n * @param {function} functions to chain\n * @returns {function|null}\n */\nexport default function createChainedFunction() {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, funcs = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    funcs[_key] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  return funcs.reduce(function (acc, func) {\n    if (func == null) {\n      return acc;\n    }\n    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n      if (typeof func !== 'function') {\n        console.error('Material-UI: Invalid Argument Type, must only provide functions, undefined, or null.');\n      }\n    }\n    return function chainedFunction() {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      acc.apply(this, args);\n      func.apply(this, args);\n    };\n  }, function () {});\n}","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport React from 'react';\nimport SvgIcon from '../SvgIcon';\n/**\n * Private module reserved for @material-ui/x packages.\n */\n\nexport default function createSvgIcon(path, displayName) {\n  var Component = function Component(props, ref) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(SvgIcon, _extends({\n      ref: ref\n    }, props), path);\n  };\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // Need to set `displayName` on the inner component for React.memo.\n    // React prior to 16.14 ignores `displayName` on the wrapper.\n    Component.displayName = \"\".concat(displayName, \"Icon\");\n  }\n  Component.muiName = SvgIcon.muiName;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.memo( /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(Component));\n}","// A change of the browser zoom change the scrollbar size.\n// Credit https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/3ffe3a5d82f6f561b82ff78d82b32a7d14aed558/js/src/modal.js#L512-L519\nexport default function getScrollbarSize() {\n  var scrollDiv = document.createElement('div');\n  scrollDiv.style.width = '99px';\n  scrollDiv.style.height = '99px';\n  scrollDiv.style.position = 'absolute';\n  scrollDiv.style.top = '-9999px';\n  scrollDiv.style.overflow = 'scroll';\n  document.body.appendChild(scrollDiv);\n  var scrollbarSize = scrollDiv.offsetWidth - scrollDiv.clientWidth;\n  document.body.removeChild(scrollDiv);\n  return scrollbarSize;\n}","export default function ownerDocument(node) {\n  return node && node.ownerDocument || document;\n}","import ownerDocument from './ownerDocument';\nexport default function ownerWindow(node) {\n  var doc = ownerDocument(node);\n  return doc.defaultView || window;\n}","// TODO v5: consider to make it private\nexport default function setRef(ref, value) {\n  if (typeof ref === 'function') {\n    ref(value);\n  } else if (ref) {\n    ref.current = value;\n  }\n}","import * as React from 'react';\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? React.useLayoutEffect : React.useEffect;\n/**\n * https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/14099#issuecomment-440013892\n *\n * @param {function} fn\n */\n\nexport default function useEventCallback(fn) {\n  var ref = React.useRef(fn);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    ref.current = fn;\n  });\n  return React.useCallback(function () {\n    return (0, ref.current).apply(void 0, arguments);\n  }, []);\n}","import * as React from 'react';\nimport setRef from './setRef';\nexport default function useForkRef(refA, refB) {\n  /**\n   * This will create a new function if the ref props change and are defined.\n   * This means react will call the old forkRef with `null` and the new forkRef\n   * with the ref. Cleanup naturally emerges from this behavior\n   */\n  return React.useMemo(function () {\n    if (refA == null && refB == null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return function (refValue) {\n      setRef(refA, refValue);\n      setRef(refB, refValue);\n    };\n  }, [refA, refB]);\n}","// based on https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/blob/v4.1.5/src/focus-visible.js\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nvar hadKeyboardEvent = true;\nvar hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\nvar hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\nvar inputTypesWhitelist = {\n  text: true,\n  search: true,\n  url: true,\n  tel: true,\n  email: true,\n  password: true,\n  number: true,\n  date: true,\n  month: true,\n  week: true,\n  time: true,\n  datetime: true,\n  'datetime-local': true\n};\n/**\n * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n * @param {Element} node\n * @return {boolean}\n */\n\nfunction focusTriggersKeyboardModality(node) {\n  var type = node.type,\n    tagName = node.tagName;\n  if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesWhitelist[type] && !node.readOnly) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !node.readOnly) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (node.isContentEditable) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n/**\n * Keep track of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n * @param {KeyboardEvent} event\n */\n\nfunction handleKeyDown(event) {\n  if (event.metaKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey) {\n    return;\n  }\n  hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n}\n/**\n * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n * the modality away from keyboard.\n * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n */\n\nfunction handlePointerDown() {\n  hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n}\nfunction handleVisibilityChange() {\n  if (this.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n    // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n    // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n    // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n    // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n    if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n      hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction prepare(doc) {\n  doc.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('mousedown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('pointerdown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('touchstart', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange, true);\n}\nexport function teardown(doc) {\n  doc.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('mousedown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('pointerdown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('touchstart', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange, true);\n}\nfunction isFocusVisible(event) {\n  var target = event.target;\n  try {\n    return target.matches(':focus-visible');\n  } catch (error) {} // browsers not implementing :focus-visible will throw a SyntaxError\n  // we use our own heuristic for those browsers\n  // rethrow might be better if it's not the expected error but do we really\n  // want to crash if focus-visible malfunctioned?\n  // no need for validFocusTarget check. the user does that by attaching it to\n  // focusable events only\n\n  return hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(target);\n}\n/**\n * Should be called if a blur event is fired on a focus-visible element\n */\n\nfunction handleBlurVisible() {\n  // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n  // rapidly by a visibility change.\n  // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n  // regular focus change.\n  hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n  window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n  hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {\n    hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n  }, 100);\n}\nexport default function useIsFocusVisible() {\n  var ref = React.useCallback(function (instance) {\n    var node = ReactDOM.findDOMNode(instance);\n    if (node != null) {\n      prepare(node.ownerDocument);\n    }\n  }, []);\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/rules-of-hooks\n    React.useDebugValue(isFocusVisible);\n  }\n  return {\n    isFocusVisible: isFocusVisible,\n    onBlurVisible: handleBlurVisible,\n    ref: ref\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function bind(fn, thisArg) {\n  return function wrap() {\n    return fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport bind from './helpers/bind.js';\n\n// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios\n\nvar toString = Object.prototype.toString;\nvar getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf;\nvar kindOf = function (cache) {\n  return function (thing) {\n    var str = toString.call(thing);\n    return cache[str] || (cache[str] = str.slice(8, -1).toLowerCase());\n  };\n}(Object.create(null));\nvar kindOfTest = function kindOfTest(type) {\n  type = type.toLowerCase();\n  return function (thing) {\n    return kindOf(thing) === type;\n  };\n};\nvar typeOfTest = function typeOfTest(type) {\n  return function (thing) {\n    return typeof thing === type;\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Array\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false\n */\nvar isArray = Array.isArray;\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is undefined\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false\n */\nvar isUndefined = typeOfTest('undefined');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Buffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBuffer(val) {\n  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor) && isFunction(val.constructor.isBuffer) && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nvar isArrayBuffer = kindOfTest('ArrayBuffer');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBufferView(val) {\n  var result;\n  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && ArrayBuffer.isView) {\n    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);\n  } else {\n    result = val && val.buffer && isArrayBuffer(val.buffer);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a String\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false\n */\nvar isString = typeOfTest('string');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Function\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFunction = typeOfTest('function');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Number\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false\n */\nvar isNumber = typeOfTest('number');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Object\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isObject = function isObject(thing) {\n  return thing !== null && typeof thing === 'object';\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Boolean\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Boolean, otherwise false\n */\nvar isBoolean = function isBoolean(thing) {\n  return thing === true || thing === false;\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a plain Object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isPlainObject = function isPlainObject(val) {\n  if (kindOf(val) !== 'object') {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var prototype = getPrototypeOf(val);\n  return (prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype || Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype) === null) && !(Symbol.toStringTag in val) && !(Symbol.iterator in val);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Date\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false\n */\nvar isDate = kindOfTest('Date');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a File\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFile = kindOfTest('File');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Blob\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false\n */\nvar isBlob = kindOfTest('Blob');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FileList\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFileList = kindOfTest('FileList');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Stream\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false\n */\nvar isStream = function isStream(val) {\n  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FormData\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFormData = function isFormData(thing) {\n  var pattern = '[object FormData]';\n  return thing && (typeof FormData === 'function' && thing instanceof FormData || toString.call(thing) === pattern || isFunction(thing.toString) && thing.toString() === pattern);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isURLSearchParams = kindOfTest('URLSearchParams');\n\n/**\n * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string\n *\n * @param {String} str The String to trim\n *\n * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace\n */\nvar trim = function trim(str) {\n  return str.trim ? str.trim() : str.replace(/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g, '');\n};\n\n/**\n * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.\n *\n * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing\n * the value, index, and complete array for each item.\n *\n * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing\n * the value, key, and complete object for each property.\n *\n * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate\n * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item\n *\n * @param {Boolean} [allOwnKeys = false]\n * @returns {any}\n */\nfunction forEach(obj, fn) {\n  var _ref = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {},\n    _ref$allOwnKeys = _ref.allOwnKeys,\n    allOwnKeys = _ref$allOwnKeys === void 0 ? false : _ref$allOwnKeys;\n  // Don't bother if no value provided\n  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {\n    return;\n  }\n  var i;\n  var l;\n\n  // Force an array if not already something iterable\n  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    obj = [obj];\n  }\n  if (isArray(obj)) {\n    // Iterate over array values\n    for (i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {\n      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);\n    }\n  } else {\n    // Iterate over object keys\n    var keys = allOwnKeys ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj) : Object.keys(obj);\n    var len = keys.length;\n    var key;\n    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n      key = keys[i];\n      fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction findKey(obj, key) {\n  key = key.toLowerCase();\n  var keys = Object.keys(obj);\n  var i = keys.length;\n  var _key;\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    _key = keys[i];\n    if (key === _key.toLowerCase()) {\n      return _key;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nvar _global = typeof self === \"undefined\" ? typeof global === \"undefined\" ? this : global : self;\nvar isContextDefined = function isContextDefined(context) {\n  return !isUndefined(context) && context !== _global;\n};\n\n/**\n * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then\n * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.\n *\n * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in\n * the arguments list will take precedence.\n *\n * Example:\n *\n * ```js\n * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});\n * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456\n * ```\n *\n * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge\n *\n * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties\n */\nfunction merge( /* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */\n) {\n  var _ref2 = isContextDefined(this) && this || {},\n    caseless = _ref2.caseless;\n  var result = {};\n  var assignValue = function assignValue(val, key) {\n    var targetKey = caseless && findKey(result, key) || key;\n    if (isPlainObject(result[targetKey]) && isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = merge(result[targetKey], val);\n    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = merge({}, val);\n    } else if (isArray(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = val.slice();\n    } else {\n      result[targetKey] = val;\n    }\n  };\n  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {\n    arguments[i] && forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.\n *\n * @param {Object} a The object to be extended\n * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from\n * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to\n *\n * @param {Boolean} [allOwnKeys]\n * @returns {Object} The resulting value of object a\n */\nvar extend = function extend(a, b, thisArg) {\n  var _ref3 = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {},\n    allOwnKeys = _ref3.allOwnKeys;\n  forEach(b, function (val, key) {\n    if (thisArg && isFunction(val)) {\n      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);\n    } else {\n      a[key] = val;\n    }\n  }, {\n    allOwnKeys: allOwnKeys\n  });\n  return a;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)\n *\n * @param {string} content with BOM\n *\n * @returns {string} content value without BOM\n */\nvar stripBOM = function stripBOM(content) {\n  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {\n    content = content.slice(1);\n  }\n  return content;\n};\n\n/**\n * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another\n * @param {function} constructor\n * @param {function} superConstructor\n * @param {object} [props]\n * @param {object} [descriptors]\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nvar inherits = function inherits(constructor, superConstructor, props, descriptors) {\n  constructor.prototype = Object.create(superConstructor.prototype, descriptors);\n  constructor.prototype.constructor = constructor;\n  Object.defineProperty(constructor, 'super', {\n    value: superConstructor.prototype\n  });\n  props && Object.assign(constructor.prototype, props);\n};\n\n/**\n * Resolve object with deep prototype chain to a flat object\n * @param {Object} sourceObj source object\n * @param {Object} [destObj]\n * @param {Function|Boolean} [filter]\n * @param {Function} [propFilter]\n *\n * @returns {Object}\n */\nvar toFlatObject = function toFlatObject(sourceObj, destObj, filter, propFilter) {\n  var props;\n  var i;\n  var prop;\n  var merged = {};\n  destObj = destObj || {};\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n  if (sourceObj == null) return destObj;\n  do {\n    props = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(sourceObj);\n    i = props.length;\n    while (i-- > 0) {\n      prop = props[i];\n      if ((!propFilter || propFilter(prop, sourceObj, destObj)) && !merged[prop]) {\n        destObj[prop] = sourceObj[prop];\n        merged[prop] = true;\n      }\n    }\n    sourceObj = filter !== false && getPrototypeOf(sourceObj);\n  } while (sourceObj && (!filter || filter(sourceObj, destObj)) && sourceObj !== Object.prototype);\n  return destObj;\n};\n\n/**\n * Determines whether a string ends with the characters of a specified string\n *\n * @param {String} str\n * @param {String} searchString\n * @param {Number} [position= 0]\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nvar endsWith = function endsWith(str, searchString, position) {\n  str = String(str);\n  if (position === undefined || position > str.length) {\n    position = str.length;\n  }\n  position -= searchString.length;\n  var lastIndex = str.indexOf(searchString, position);\n  return lastIndex !== -1 && lastIndex === position;\n};\n\n/**\n * Returns new array from array like object or null if failed\n *\n * @param {*} [thing]\n *\n * @returns {?Array}\n */\nvar toArray = function toArray(thing) {\n  if (!thing) return null;\n  if (isArray(thing)) return thing;\n  var i = thing.length;\n  if (!isNumber(i)) return null;\n  var arr = new Array(i);\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    arr[i] = thing[i];\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\n\n/**\n * Checking if the Uint8Array exists and if it does, it returns a function that checks if the\n * thing passed in is an instance of Uint8Array\n *\n * @param {TypedArray}\n *\n * @returns {Array}\n */\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\nvar isTypedArray = function (TypedArray) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n  return function (thing) {\n    return TypedArray && thing instanceof TypedArray;\n  };\n}(typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' && getPrototypeOf(Uint8Array));\n\n/**\n * For each entry in the object, call the function with the key and value.\n *\n * @param {Object<any, any>} obj - The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} fn - The function to call for each entry.\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nvar forEachEntry = function forEachEntry(obj, fn) {\n  var generator = obj && obj[Symbol.iterator];\n  var iterator = generator.call(obj);\n  var result;\n  while ((result = iterator.next()) && !result.done) {\n    var pair = result.value;\n    fn.call(obj, pair[0], pair[1]);\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * It takes a regular expression and a string, and returns an array of all the matches\n *\n * @param {string} regExp - The regular expression to match against.\n * @param {string} str - The string to search.\n *\n * @returns {Array<boolean>}\n */\nvar matchAll = function matchAll(regExp, str) {\n  var matches;\n  var arr = [];\n  while ((matches = regExp.exec(str)) !== null) {\n    arr.push(matches);\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\n\n/* Checking if the kindOfTest function returns true when passed an HTMLFormElement. */\nvar isHTMLForm = kindOfTest('HTMLFormElement');\nvar toCamelCase = function toCamelCase(str) {\n  return str.toLowerCase().replace(/[_-\\s]([a-z\\d])(\\w*)/g, function replacer(m, p1, p2) {\n    return p1.toUpperCase() + p2;\n  });\n};\n\n/* Creating a function that will check if an object has a property. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = function (_ref4) {\n  var hasOwnProperty = _ref4.hasOwnProperty;\n  return function (obj, prop) {\n    return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);\n  };\n}(Object.prototype);\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a RegExp object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a RegExp object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isRegExp = kindOfTest('RegExp');\nvar reduceDescriptors = function reduceDescriptors(obj, reducer) {\n  var descriptors = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj);\n  var reducedDescriptors = {};\n  forEach(descriptors, function (descriptor, name) {\n    if (reducer(descriptor, name, obj) !== false) {\n      reducedDescriptors[name] = descriptor;\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperties(obj, reducedDescriptors);\n};\n\n/**\n * Makes all methods read-only\n * @param {Object} obj\n */\n\nvar freezeMethods = function freezeMethods(obj) {\n  reduceDescriptors(obj, function (descriptor, name) {\n    // skip restricted props in strict mode\n    if (isFunction(obj) && ['arguments', 'caller', 'callee'].indexOf(name) !== -1) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var value = obj[name];\n    if (!isFunction(value)) return;\n    descriptor.enumerable = false;\n    if ('writable' in descriptor) {\n      descriptor.writable = false;\n      return;\n    }\n    if (!descriptor.set) {\n      descriptor.set = function () {\n        throw Error('Can not rewrite read-only method \\'' + name + '\\'');\n      };\n    }\n  });\n};\nvar toObjectSet = function toObjectSet(arrayOrString, delimiter) {\n  var obj = {};\n  var define = function define(arr) {\n    arr.forEach(function (value) {\n      obj[value] = true;\n    });\n  };\n  isArray(arrayOrString) ? define(arrayOrString) : define(String(arrayOrString).split(delimiter));\n  return obj;\n};\nvar noop = function noop() {};\nvar toFiniteNumber = function toFiniteNumber(value, defaultValue) {\n  value = +value;\n  return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : defaultValue;\n};\nvar toJSONObject = function toJSONObject(obj) {\n  var stack = new Array(10);\n  var visit = function visit(source, i) {\n    if (isObject(source)) {\n      if (stack.indexOf(source) >= 0) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!('toJSON' in source)) {\n        stack[i] = source;\n        var target = isArray(source) ? [] : {};\n        forEach(source, function (value, key) {\n          var reducedValue = visit(value, i + 1);\n          !isUndefined(reducedValue) && (target[key] = reducedValue);\n        });\n        stack[i] = undefined;\n        return target;\n      }\n    }\n    return source;\n  };\n  return visit(obj, 0);\n};\nexport default {\n  isArray: isArray,\n  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,\n  isBuffer: isBuffer,\n  isFormData: isFormData,\n  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,\n  isString: isString,\n  isNumber: isNumber,\n  isBoolean: isBoolean,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,\n  isUndefined: isUndefined,\n  isDate: isDate,\n  isFile: isFile,\n  isBlob: isBlob,\n  isRegExp: isRegExp,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isStream: isStream,\n  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,\n  isTypedArray: isTypedArray,\n  isFileList: isFileList,\n  forEach: forEach,\n  merge: merge,\n  extend: extend,\n  trim: trim,\n  stripBOM: stripBOM,\n  inherits: inherits,\n  toFlatObject: toFlatObject,\n  kindOf: kindOf,\n  kindOfTest: kindOfTest,\n  endsWith: endsWith,\n  toArray: toArray,\n  forEachEntry: forEachEntry,\n  matchAll: matchAll,\n  isHTMLForm: isHTMLForm,\n  hasOwnProperty: hasOwnProperty,\n  hasOwnProp: hasOwnProperty,\n  // an alias to avoid ESLint no-prototype-builtins detection\n  reduceDescriptors: reduceDescriptors,\n  freezeMethods: freezeMethods,\n  toObjectSet: toObjectSet,\n  toCamelCase: toCamelCase,\n  noop: noop,\n  toFiniteNumber: toFiniteNumber,\n  findKey: findKey,\n  global: _global,\n  isContextDefined: isContextDefined,\n  toJSONObject: toJSONObject\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.\n *\n * @param {string} message The error message.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [config] The config.\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n *\n * @returns {Error} The created error.\n */\nfunction AxiosError(message, code, config, request, response) {\n  Error.call(this);\n  if (Error.captureStackTrace) {\n    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n  } else {\n    this.stack = new Error().stack;\n  }\n  this.message = message;\n  this.name = 'AxiosError';\n  code && (this.code = code);\n  config && (this.config = config);\n  request && (this.request = request);\n  response && (this.response = response);\n}\nutils.inherits(AxiosError, Error, {\n  toJSON: function toJSON() {\n    return {\n      // Standard\n      message: this.message,\n      name: this.name,\n      // Microsoft\n      description: this.description,\n      number: this.number,\n      // Mozilla\n      fileName: this.fileName,\n      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,\n      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,\n      stack: this.stack,\n      // Axios\n      config: utils.toJSONObject(this.config),\n      code: this.code,\n      status: this.response && this.response.status ? this.response.status : null\n    };\n  }\n});\nvar prototype = AxiosError.prototype;\nvar descriptors = {};\n['ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE', 'ERR_BAD_OPTION', 'ECONNABORTED', 'ETIMEDOUT', 'ERR_NETWORK', 'ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS', 'ERR_DEPRECATED', 'ERR_BAD_RESPONSE', 'ERR_BAD_REQUEST', 'ERR_CANCELED', 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT', 'ERR_INVALID_URL'\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n].forEach(function (code) {\n  descriptors[code] = {\n    value: code\n  };\n});\nObject.defineProperties(AxiosError, descriptors);\nObject.defineProperty(prototype, 'isAxiosError', {\n  value: true\n});\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\nAxiosError.from = function (error, code, config, request, response, customProps) {\n  var axiosError = Object.create(prototype);\n  utils.toFlatObject(error, axiosError, function filter(obj) {\n    return obj !== Error.prototype;\n  }, function (prop) {\n    return prop !== 'isAxiosError';\n  });\n  AxiosError.call(axiosError, error.message, code, config, request, response);\n  axiosError.cause = error;\n  axiosError.name = error.name;\n  customProps && Object.assign(axiosError, customProps);\n  return axiosError;\n};\nexport default AxiosError;","import FormData from 'form-data';\nexport default FormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport envFormData from '../env/classes/FormData.js';\n\n/**\n * Determines if the given thing is a array or js object.\n *\n * @param {string} thing - The object or array to be visited.\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isVisitable(thing) {\n  return utils.isPlainObject(thing) || utils.isArray(thing);\n}\n\n/**\n * It removes the brackets from the end of a string\n *\n * @param {string} key - The key of the parameter.\n *\n * @returns {string} the key without the brackets.\n */\nfunction removeBrackets(key) {\n  return utils.endsWith(key, '[]') ? key.slice(0, -2) : key;\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a path, a key, and a boolean, and returns a string\n *\n * @param {string} path - The path to the current key.\n * @param {string} key - The key of the current object being iterated over.\n * @param {string} dots - If true, the key will be rendered with dots instead of brackets.\n *\n * @returns {string} The path to the current key.\n */\nfunction renderKey(path, key, dots) {\n  if (!path) return key;\n  return path.concat(key).map(function each(token, i) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n    token = removeBrackets(token);\n    return !dots && i ? '[' + token + ']' : token;\n  }).join(dots ? '.' : '');\n}\n\n/**\n * If the array is an array and none of its elements are visitable, then it's a flat array.\n *\n * @param {Array<any>} arr - The array to check\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isFlatArray(arr) {\n  return utils.isArray(arr) && !arr.some(isVisitable);\n}\nvar predicates = utils.toFlatObject(utils, {}, null, function filter(prop) {\n  return /^is[A-Z]/.test(prop);\n});\n\n/**\n * If the thing is a FormData object, return true, otherwise return false.\n *\n * @param {unknown} thing - The thing to check.\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isSpecCompliant(thing) {\n  return thing && utils.isFunction(thing.append) && thing[Symbol.toStringTag] === 'FormData' && thing[Symbol.iterator];\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert a data object to FormData\n *\n * @param {Object} obj\n * @param {?Object} [formData]\n * @param {?Object} [options]\n * @param {Function} [options.visitor]\n * @param {Boolean} [options.metaTokens = true]\n * @param {Boolean} [options.dots = false]\n * @param {?Boolean} [options.indexes = false]\n *\n * @returns {Object}\n **/\n\n/**\n * It converts an object into a FormData object\n *\n * @param {Object<any, any>} obj - The object to convert to form data.\n * @param {string} formData - The FormData object to append to.\n * @param {Object<string, any>} options\n *\n * @returns\n */\nfunction toFormData(obj, formData, options) {\n  if (!utils.isObject(obj)) {\n    throw new TypeError('target must be an object');\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  formData = formData || new (envFormData || FormData)();\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  options = utils.toFlatObject(options, {\n    metaTokens: true,\n    dots: false,\n    indexes: false\n  }, false, function defined(option, source) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n    return !utils.isUndefined(source[option]);\n  });\n  var metaTokens = options.metaTokens;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define\n  var visitor = options.visitor || defaultVisitor;\n  var dots = options.dots;\n  var indexes = options.indexes;\n  var _Blob = options.Blob || typeof Blob !== 'undefined' && Blob;\n  var useBlob = _Blob && isSpecCompliant(formData);\n  if (!utils.isFunction(visitor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('visitor must be a function');\n  }\n  function convertValue(value) {\n    if (value === null) return '';\n    if (utils.isDate(value)) {\n      return value.toISOString();\n    }\n    if (!useBlob && utils.isBlob(value)) {\n      throw new AxiosError('Blob is not supported. Use a Buffer instead.');\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBuffer(value) || utils.isTypedArray(value)) {\n      return useBlob && typeof Blob === 'function' ? new Blob([value]) : Buffer.from(value);\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Default visitor.\n   *\n   * @param {*} value\n   * @param {String|Number} key\n   * @param {Array<String|Number>} path\n   * @this {FormData}\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean} return true to visit the each prop of the value recursively\n   */\n  function defaultVisitor(value, key, path) {\n    var arr = value;\n    if (value && !path && typeof value === 'object') {\n      if (utils.endsWith(key, '{}')) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        key = metaTokens ? key : key.slice(0, -2);\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        value = JSON.stringify(value);\n      } else if (utils.isArray(value) && isFlatArray(value) || utils.isFileList(value) || utils.endsWith(key, '[]') && (arr = utils.toArray(value))) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        key = removeBrackets(key);\n        arr.forEach(function each(el, index) {\n          !(utils.isUndefined(el) || el === null) && formData.append(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\n          indexes === true ? renderKey([key], index, dots) : indexes === null ? key : key + '[]', convertValue(el));\n        });\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n    if (isVisitable(value)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n    formData.append(renderKey(path, key, dots), convertValue(value));\n    return false;\n  }\n  var stack = [];\n  var exposedHelpers = Object.assign(predicates, {\n    defaultVisitor: defaultVisitor,\n    convertValue: convertValue,\n    isVisitable: isVisitable\n  });\n  function build(value, path) {\n    if (utils.isUndefined(value)) return;\n    if (stack.indexOf(value) !== -1) {\n      throw Error('Circular reference detected in ' + path.join('.'));\n    }\n    stack.push(value);\n    utils.forEach(value, function each(el, key) {\n      var result = !(utils.isUndefined(el) || el === null) && visitor.call(formData, el, utils.isString(key) ? key.trim() : key, path, exposedHelpers);\n      if (result === true) {\n        build(el, path ? path.concat(key) : [key]);\n      }\n    });\n    stack.pop();\n  }\n  if (!utils.isObject(obj)) {\n    throw new TypeError('data must be an object');\n  }\n  build(obj);\n  return formData;\n}\nexport default toFormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport toFormData from './toFormData.js';\n\n/**\n * It encodes a string by replacing all characters that are not in the unreserved set with\n * their percent-encoded equivalents\n *\n * @param {string} str - The string to encode.\n *\n * @returns {string} The encoded string.\n */\nfunction encode(str) {\n  var charMap = {\n    '!': '%21',\n    \"'\": '%27',\n    '(': '%28',\n    ')': '%29',\n    '~': '%7E',\n    '%20': '+',\n    '%00': '\\x00'\n  };\n  return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()~]|%20|%00/g, function replacer(match) {\n    return charMap[match];\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a params object and converts it to a FormData object\n *\n * @param {Object<string, any>} params - The parameters to be converted to a FormData object.\n * @param {Object<string, any>} options - The options object passed to the Axios constructor.\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nfunction AxiosURLSearchParams(params, options) {\n  this._pairs = [];\n  params && toFormData(params, this, options);\n}\nvar prototype = AxiosURLSearchParams.prototype;\nprototype.append = function append(name, value) {\n  this._pairs.push([name, value]);\n};\nprototype.toString = function toString(encoder) {\n  var _encode = encoder ? function (value) {\n    return encoder.call(this, value, encode);\n  } : encode;\n  return this._pairs.map(function each(pair) {\n    return _encode(pair[0]) + '=' + _encode(pair[1]);\n  }, '').join('&');\n};\nexport default AxiosURLSearchParams;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosURLSearchParams from '../helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js';\n\n/**\n * It replaces all instances of the characters `:`, `$`, `,`, `+`, `[`, and `]` with their\n * URI encoded counterparts\n *\n * @param {string} val The value to be encoded.\n *\n * @returns {string} The encoded value.\n */\nfunction encode(val) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(val).replace(/%3A/gi, ':').replace(/%24/g, '$').replace(/%2C/gi, ',').replace(/%20/g, '+').replace(/%5B/gi, '[').replace(/%5D/gi, ']');\n}\n\n/**\n * Build a URL by appending params to the end\n *\n * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)\n * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended\n * @param {?object} options\n *\n * @returns {string} The formatted url\n */\nexport default function buildURL(url, params, options) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  if (!params) {\n    return url;\n  }\n  var _encode = options && options.encode || encode;\n  var serializeFn = options && options.serialize;\n  var serializedParams;\n  if (serializeFn) {\n    serializedParams = serializeFn(params, options);\n  } else {\n    serializedParams = utils.isURLSearchParams(params) ? params.toString() : new AxiosURLSearchParams(params, options).toString(_encode);\n  }\n  if (serializedParams) {\n    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf(\"#\");\n    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {\n      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);\n    }\n    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;\n  }\n  return url;\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nvar InterceptorManager = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function InterceptorManager() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, InterceptorManager);\n    this.handlers = [];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add a new interceptor to the stack\n   *\n   * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`\n   * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`\n   *\n   * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later\n   */\n  _createClass(InterceptorManager, [{\n    key: \"use\",\n    value: function use(fulfilled, rejected, options) {\n      this.handlers.push({\n        fulfilled: fulfilled,\n        rejected: rejected,\n        synchronous: options ? options.synchronous : false,\n        runWhen: options ? options.runWhen : null\n      });\n      return this.handlers.length - 1;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Remove an interceptor from the stack\n     *\n     * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`\n     *\n     * @returns {Boolean} `true` if the interceptor was removed, `false` otherwise\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"eject\",\n    value: function eject(id) {\n      if (this.handlers[id]) {\n        this.handlers[id] = null;\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Clear all interceptors from the stack\n     *\n     * @returns {void}\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"clear\",\n    value: function clear() {\n      if (this.handlers) {\n        this.handlers = [];\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Iterate over all the registered interceptors\n     *\n     * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any\n     * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.\n     *\n     * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor\n     *\n     * @returns {void}\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"forEach\",\n    value: function forEach(fn) {\n      utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {\n        if (h !== null) {\n          fn(h);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return InterceptorManager;\n}();\nexport default InterceptorManager;","import URLSearchParams from './classes/URLSearchParams.js';\nimport FormData from './classes/FormData.js';\n\n/**\n * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment\n *\n * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.\n * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.\n *\n * web workers:\n *  typeof window -> undefined\n *  typeof document -> undefined\n *\n * react-native:\n *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'\n * nativescript\n *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nvar isStandardBrowserEnv = function () {\n  var product;\n  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && ((product = navigator.product) === 'ReactNative' || product === 'NativeScript' || product === 'NS')) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined';\n}();\nexport default {\n  isBrowser: true,\n  classes: {\n    URLSearchParams: URLSearchParams,\n    FormData: FormData,\n    Blob: Blob\n  },\n  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,\n  protocols: ['http', 'https', 'file', 'blob', 'url', 'data']\n};","'use strict';\n\nexport default {\n  silentJSONParsing: true,\n  forcedJSONParsing: true,\n  clarifyTimeoutError: false\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosURLSearchParams from '../../../helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js';\nexport default typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' ? URLSearchParams : AxiosURLSearchParams;","'use strict';\n\nexport default FormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport \"core-js/modules/esnext.string.match-all.js\";\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * It takes a string like `foo[x][y][z]` and returns an array like `['foo', 'x', 'y', 'z']\n *\n * @param {string} name - The name of the property to get.\n *\n * @returns An array of strings.\n */\nfunction parsePropPath(name) {\n  // foo[x][y][z]\n  // foo.x.y.z\n  // foo-x-y-z\n  // foo x y z\n  return utils.matchAll(/\\w+|\\[(\\w*)]/g, name).map(function (match) {\n    return match[0] === '[]' ? '' : match[1] || match[0];\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert an array to an object.\n *\n * @param {Array<any>} arr - The array to convert to an object.\n *\n * @returns An object with the same keys and values as the array.\n */\nfunction arrayToObject(arr) {\n  var obj = {};\n  var keys = Object.keys(arr);\n  var i;\n  var len = keys.length;\n  var key;\n  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    key = keys[i];\n    obj[key] = arr[key];\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a FormData object and returns a JavaScript object\n *\n * @param {string} formData The FormData object to convert to JSON.\n *\n * @returns {Object<string, any> | null} The converted object.\n */\nfunction formDataToJSON(formData) {\n  function buildPath(path, value, target, index) {\n    var name = path[index++];\n    var isNumericKey = Number.isFinite(+name);\n    var isLast = index >= path.length;\n    name = !name && utils.isArray(target) ? target.length : name;\n    if (isLast) {\n      if (utils.hasOwnProp(target, name)) {\n        target[name] = [target[name], value];\n      } else {\n        target[name] = value;\n      }\n      return !isNumericKey;\n    }\n    if (!target[name] || !utils.isObject(target[name])) {\n      target[name] = [];\n    }\n    var result = buildPath(path, value, target[name], index);\n    if (result && utils.isArray(target[name])) {\n      target[name] = arrayToObject(target[name]);\n    }\n    return !isNumericKey;\n  }\n  if (utils.isFormData(formData) && utils.isFunction(formData.entries)) {\n    var obj = {};\n    utils.forEachEntry(formData, function (name, value) {\n      buildPath(parsePropPath(name), value, obj, 0);\n    });\n    return obj;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nexport default formDataToJSON;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport transitionalDefaults from './transitional.js';\nimport toFormData from '../helpers/toFormData.js';\nimport toURLEncodedForm from '../helpers/toURLEncodedForm.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nimport formDataToJSON from '../helpers/formDataToJSON.js';\nvar DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {\n  'Content-Type': undefined\n};\n\n/**\n * It takes a string, tries to parse it, and if it fails, it returns the stringified version\n * of the input\n *\n * @param {any} rawValue - The value to be stringified.\n * @param {Function} parser - A function that parses a string into a JavaScript object.\n * @param {Function} encoder - A function that takes a value and returns a string.\n *\n * @returns {string} A stringified version of the rawValue.\n */\nfunction stringifySafely(rawValue, parser, encoder) {\n  if (utils.isString(rawValue)) {\n    try {\n      (parser || JSON.parse)(rawValue);\n      return utils.trim(rawValue);\n    } catch (e) {\n      if (e.name !== 'SyntaxError') {\n        throw e;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return (encoder || JSON.stringify)(rawValue);\n}\nvar defaults = {\n  transitional: transitionalDefaults,\n  adapter: ['xhr', 'http'],\n  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {\n    var contentType = headers.getContentType() || '';\n    var hasJSONContentType = contentType.indexOf('application/json') > -1;\n    var isObjectPayload = utils.isObject(data);\n    if (isObjectPayload && utils.isHTMLForm(data)) {\n      data = new FormData(data);\n    }\n    var isFormData = utils.isFormData(data);\n    if (isFormData) {\n      if (!hasJSONContentType) {\n        return data;\n      }\n      return hasJSONContentType ? JSON.stringify(formDataToJSON(data)) : data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBuffer(data) || utils.isBuffer(data) || utils.isStream(data) || utils.isFile(data) || utils.isBlob(data)) {\n      return data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {\n      return data.buffer;\n    }\n    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {\n      headers.setContentType('application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8', false);\n      return data.toString();\n    }\n    var isFileList;\n    if (isObjectPayload) {\n      if (contentType.indexOf('application/x-www-form-urlencoded') > -1) {\n        return toURLEncodedForm(data, this.formSerializer).toString();\n      }\n      if ((isFileList = utils.isFileList(data)) || contentType.indexOf('multipart/form-data') > -1) {\n        var _FormData = this.env && this.env.FormData;\n        return toFormData(isFileList ? {\n          'files[]': data\n        } : data, _FormData && new _FormData(), this.formSerializer);\n      }\n    }\n    if (isObjectPayload || hasJSONContentType) {\n      headers.setContentType('application/json', false);\n      return stringifySafely(data);\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {\n    var transitional = this.transitional || defaults.transitional;\n    var forcedJSONParsing = transitional && transitional.forcedJSONParsing;\n    var JSONRequested = this.responseType === 'json';\n    if (data && utils.isString(data) && (forcedJSONParsing && !this.responseType || JSONRequested)) {\n      var silentJSONParsing = transitional && transitional.silentJSONParsing;\n      var strictJSONParsing = !silentJSONParsing && JSONRequested;\n      try {\n        return JSON.parse(data);\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (strictJSONParsing) {\n          if (e.name === 'SyntaxError') {\n            throw AxiosError.from(e, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, this, null, this.response);\n          }\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n  /**\n   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a\n   * timeout is not created.\n   */\n  timeout: 0,\n  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',\n  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',\n  maxContentLength: -1,\n  maxBodyLength: -1,\n  env: {\n    FormData: platform.classes.FormData,\n    Blob: platform.classes.Blob\n  },\n  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {\n    return status >= 200 && status < 300;\n  },\n  headers: {\n    common: {\n      'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'\n    }\n  }\n};\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = {};\n});\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);\n});\nexport default defaults;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport toFormData from './toFormData.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default function toURLEncodedForm(data, options) {\n  return toFormData(data, new platform.classes.URLSearchParams(), Object.assign({\n    visitor: function visitor(value, key, path, helpers) {\n      if (platform.isNode && utils.isBuffer(value)) {\n        this.append(key, value.toString('base64'));\n        return false;\n      }\n      return helpers.defaultVisitor.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n  }, options));\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\n\n// RawAxiosHeaders whose duplicates are ignored by node\n// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers\nvar ignoreDuplicateOf = utils.toObjectSet(['age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag', 'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since', 'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization', 'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent']);\n\n/**\n * Parse headers into an object\n *\n * ```\n * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT\n * Content-Type: application/json\n * Connection: keep-alive\n * Transfer-Encoding: chunked\n * ```\n *\n * @param {String} rawHeaders Headers needing to be parsed\n *\n * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object\n */\nexport default (function (rawHeaders) {\n  var parsed = {};\n  var key;\n  var val;\n  var i;\n  rawHeaders && rawHeaders.split('\\n').forEach(function parser(line) {\n    i = line.indexOf(':');\n    key = line.substring(0, i).trim().toLowerCase();\n    val = line.substring(i + 1).trim();\n    if (!key || parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf[key]) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (key === 'set-cookie') {\n      if (parsed[key]) {\n        parsed[key].push(val);\n      } else {\n        parsed[key] = [val];\n      }\n    } else {\n      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;\n    }\n  });\n  return parsed;\n});","'use strict';\n\nimport _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport parseHeaders from '../helpers/parseHeaders.js';\nvar $internals = Symbol('internals');\nfunction normalizeHeader(header) {\n  return header && String(header).trim().toLowerCase();\n}\nfunction normalizeValue(value) {\n  if (value === false || value == null) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return utils.isArray(value) ? value.map(normalizeValue) : String(value);\n}\nfunction parseTokens(str) {\n  var tokens = Object.create(null);\n  var tokensRE = /([^\\s,;=]+)\\s*(?:=\\s*([^,;]+))?/g;\n  var match;\n  while (match = tokensRE.exec(str)) {\n    tokens[match[1]] = match[2];\n  }\n  return tokens;\n}\nfunction isValidHeaderName(str) {\n  return /^[-_a-zA-Z]+$/.test(str.trim());\n}\nfunction matchHeaderValue(context, value, header, filter) {\n  if (utils.isFunction(filter)) {\n    return filter.call(this, value, header);\n  }\n  if (!utils.isString(value)) return;\n  if (utils.isString(filter)) {\n    return value.indexOf(filter) !== -1;\n  }\n  if (utils.isRegExp(filter)) {\n    return filter.test(value);\n  }\n}\nfunction formatHeader(header) {\n  return header.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/([a-z\\d])(\\w*)/g, function (w, char, str) {\n    return char.toUpperCase() + str;\n  });\n}\nfunction buildAccessors(obj, header) {\n  var accessorName = utils.toCamelCase(' ' + header);\n  ['get', 'set', 'has'].forEach(function (methodName) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, methodName + accessorName, {\n      value: function value(arg1, arg2, arg3) {\n        return this[methodName].call(this, header, arg1, arg2, arg3);\n      },\n      configurable: true\n    });\n  });\n}\nvar AxiosHeaders = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Symbol$iterator, _Symbol$toStringTag) {\n  function AxiosHeaders(headers) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, AxiosHeaders);\n    headers && this.set(headers);\n  }\n  _createClass(AxiosHeaders, [{\n    key: \"set\",\n    value: function set(header, valueOrRewrite, rewrite) {\n      var self = this;\n      function setHeader(_value, _header, _rewrite) {\n        var lHeader = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (!lHeader) {\n          throw new Error('header name must be a non-empty string');\n        }\n        var key = utils.findKey(self, lHeader);\n        if (!key || self[key] === undefined || _rewrite === true || _rewrite === undefined && self[key] !== false) {\n          self[key || _header] = normalizeValue(_value);\n        }\n      }\n      var setHeaders = function setHeaders(headers, _rewrite) {\n        return utils.forEach(headers, function (_value, _header) {\n          return setHeader(_value, _header, _rewrite);\n        });\n      };\n      if (utils.isPlainObject(header) || header instanceof this.constructor) {\n        setHeaders(header, valueOrRewrite);\n      } else if (utils.isString(header) && (header = header.trim()) && !isValidHeaderName(header)) {\n        setHeaders(parseHeaders(header), valueOrRewrite);\n      } else {\n        header != null && setHeader(valueOrRewrite, header, rewrite);\n      }\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"get\",\n    value: function get(header, parser) {\n      header = normalizeHeader(header);\n      if (header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(this, header);\n        if (key) {\n          var value = this[key];\n          if (!parser) {\n            return value;\n          }\n          if (parser === true) {\n            return parseTokens(value);\n          }\n          if (utils.isFunction(parser)) {\n            return parser.call(this, value, key);\n          }\n          if (utils.isRegExp(parser)) {\n            return parser.exec(value);\n          }\n          throw new TypeError('parser must be boolean|regexp|function');\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"has\",\n    value: function has(header, matcher) {\n      header = normalizeHeader(header);\n      if (header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(this, header);\n        return !!(key && (!matcher || matchHeaderValue(this, this[key], key, matcher)));\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"delete\",\n    value: function _delete(header, matcher) {\n      var self = this;\n      var deleted = false;\n      function deleteHeader(_header) {\n        _header = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (_header) {\n          var key = utils.findKey(self, _header);\n          if (key && (!matcher || matchHeaderValue(self, self[key], key, matcher))) {\n            delete self[key];\n            deleted = true;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      if (utils.isArray(header)) {\n        header.forEach(deleteHeader);\n      } else {\n        deleteHeader(header);\n      }\n      return deleted;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"clear\",\n    value: function clear() {\n      return Object.keys(this).forEach(this.delete.bind(this));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"normalize\",\n    value: function normalize(format) {\n      var self = this;\n      var headers = {};\n      utils.forEach(this, function (value, header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(headers, header);\n        if (key) {\n          self[key] = normalizeValue(value);\n          delete self[header];\n          return;\n        }\n        var normalized = format ? formatHeader(header) : String(header).trim();\n        if (normalized !== header) {\n          delete self[header];\n        }\n        self[normalized] = normalizeValue(value);\n        headers[normalized] = true;\n      });\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"concat\",\n    value: function concat() {\n      var _this$constructor;\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, targets = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        targets[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      return (_this$constructor = this.constructor).concat.apply(_this$constructor, [this].concat(targets));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON(asStrings) {\n      var obj = Object.create(null);\n      utils.forEach(this, function (value, header) {\n        value != null && value !== false && (obj[header] = asStrings && utils.isArray(value) ? value.join(', ') : value);\n      });\n      return obj;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: _Symbol$iterator,\n    value: function value() {\n      return Object.entries(this.toJSON())[Symbol.iterator]();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toString\",\n    value: function toString() {\n      return Object.entries(this.toJSON()).map(function (_ref) {\n        var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n          header = _ref2[0],\n          value = _ref2[1];\n        return header + ': ' + value;\n      }).join('\\n');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: _Symbol$toStringTag,\n    get: function get() {\n      return 'AxiosHeaders';\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"from\",\n    value: function from(thing) {\n      return thing instanceof this ? thing : new this(thing);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"concat\",\n    value: function concat(first) {\n      var computed = new this(first);\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, targets = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        targets[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      targets.forEach(function (target) {\n        return computed.set(target);\n      });\n      return computed;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"accessor\",\n    value: function accessor(header) {\n      var internals = this[$internals] = this[$internals] = {\n        accessors: {}\n      };\n      var accessors = internals.accessors;\n      var prototype = this.prototype;\n      function defineAccessor(_header) {\n        var lHeader = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (!accessors[lHeader]) {\n          buildAccessors(prototype, _header);\n          accessors[lHeader] = true;\n        }\n      }\n      utils.isArray(header) ? header.forEach(defineAccessor) : defineAccessor(header);\n      return this;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return AxiosHeaders;\n}(Symbol.iterator, Symbol.toStringTag);\nAxiosHeaders.accessor(['Content-Type', 'Content-Length', 'Accept', 'Accept-Encoding', 'User-Agent']);\nutils.freezeMethods(AxiosHeaders.prototype);\nutils.freezeMethods(AxiosHeaders);\nexport default AxiosHeaders;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport defaults from '../defaults/index.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\n\n/**\n * Transform the data for a request or a response\n *\n * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions\n * @param {?Object} response The response object\n *\n * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data\n */\nexport default function transformData(fns, response) {\n  var config = this || defaults;\n  var context = response || config;\n  var headers = AxiosHeaders.from(context.headers);\n  var data = context.data;\n  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {\n    data = fn.call(config, data, headers.normalize(), response ? response.status : undefined);\n  });\n  headers.normalize();\n  return data;\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function isCancel(value) {\n  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * A `CanceledError` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.\n *\n * @param {string=} message The message.\n * @param {Object=} config The config.\n * @param {Object=} request The request.\n *\n * @returns {CanceledError} The created error.\n */\nfunction CanceledError(message, config, request) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n  AxiosError.call(this, message == null ? 'canceled' : message, AxiosError.ERR_CANCELED, config, request);\n  this.name = 'CanceledError';\n}\nutils.inherits(CanceledError, AxiosError, {\n  __CANCEL__: true\n});\nexport default CanceledError;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default platform.isStandardBrowserEnv ?\n// Standard browser envs support document.cookie\nfunction standardBrowserEnv() {\n  return {\n    write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {\n      var cookie = [];\n      cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));\n      if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {\n        cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());\n      }\n      if (utils.isString(path)) {\n        cookie.push('path=' + path);\n      }\n      if (utils.isString(domain)) {\n        cookie.push('domain=' + domain);\n      }\n      if (secure === true) {\n        cookie.push('secure');\n      }\n      document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');\n    },\n    read: function read(name) {\n      var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));\n      return match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null;\n    },\n    remove: function remove(name) {\n      this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);\n    }\n  };\n}() :\n// Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\nfunction nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  return {\n    write: function write() {},\n    read: function read() {\n      return null;\n    },\n    remove: function remove() {}\n  };\n}();","'use strict';\n\nimport isAbsoluteURL from '../helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js';\nimport combineURLs from '../helpers/combineURLs.js';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,\n * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.\n * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine\n *\n * @returns {string} The combined full path\n */\nexport default function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {\n  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {\n    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);\n  }\n  return requestedURL;\n}","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute\n *\n * @param {string} url The URL to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false\n */\nexport default function isAbsoluteURL(url) {\n  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with \"<scheme>://\" or \"//\" (protocol-relative URL).\n  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed\n  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.\n  return /^([a-z][a-z\\d+\\-.]*:)?\\/\\//i.test(url);\n}","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL\n *\n * @returns {string} The combined URL\n */\nexport default function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {\n  return relativeURL ? baseURL.replace(/\\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\\/+/, '') : baseURL;\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default platform.isStandardBrowserEnv ?\n// Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test\n// whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.\nfunction standardBrowserEnv() {\n  var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n  var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');\n  var originURL;\n\n  /**\n  * Parse a URL to discover it's components\n  *\n  * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed\n  * @returns {Object}\n  */\n  function resolveURL(url) {\n    var href = url;\n    if (msie) {\n      // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties\n      urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n      href = urlParsingNode.href;\n    }\n    urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\n    // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils\n    return {\n      href: urlParsingNode.href,\n      protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',\n      host: urlParsingNode.host,\n      search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\\?/, '') : '',\n      hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',\n      hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,\n      port: urlParsingNode.port,\n      pathname: urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ? urlParsingNode.pathname : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname\n    };\n  }\n  originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);\n\n  /**\n  * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location\n  *\n  * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test\n  * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false\n  */\n  return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {\n    var parsed = utils.isString(requestURL) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;\n    return parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol && parsed.host === originURL.host;\n  };\n}() :\n// Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\nfunction nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  return function isURLSameOrigin() {\n    return true;\n  };\n}();","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Calculate data maxRate\n * @param {Number} [samplesCount= 10]\n * @param {Number} [min= 1000]\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nfunction speedometer(samplesCount, min) {\n  samplesCount = samplesCount || 10;\n  var bytes = new Array(samplesCount);\n  var timestamps = new Array(samplesCount);\n  var head = 0;\n  var tail = 0;\n  var firstSampleTS;\n  min = min !== undefined ? min : 1000;\n  return function push(chunkLength) {\n    var now = Date.now();\n    var startedAt = timestamps[tail];\n    if (!firstSampleTS) {\n      firstSampleTS = now;\n    }\n    bytes[head] = chunkLength;\n    timestamps[head] = now;\n    var i = tail;\n    var bytesCount = 0;\n    while (i !== head) {\n      bytesCount += bytes[i++];\n      i = i % samplesCount;\n    }\n    head = (head + 1) % samplesCount;\n    if (head === tail) {\n      tail = (tail + 1) % samplesCount;\n    }\n    if (now - firstSampleTS < min) {\n      return;\n    }\n    var passed = startedAt && now - startedAt;\n    return passed ? Math.round(bytesCount * 1000 / passed) : undefined;\n  };\n}\nexport default speedometer;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport settle from './../core/settle.js';\nimport cookies from './../helpers/cookies.js';\nimport buildURL from './../helpers/buildURL.js';\nimport buildFullPath from '../core/buildFullPath.js';\nimport isURLSameOrigin from './../helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js';\nimport transitionalDefaults from '../defaults/transitional.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport CanceledError from '../cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport parseProtocol from '../helpers/parseProtocol.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\nimport speedometer from '../helpers/speedometer.js';\nfunction progressEventReducer(listener, isDownloadStream) {\n  var bytesNotified = 0;\n  var _speedometer = speedometer(50, 250);\n  return function (e) {\n    var loaded = e.loaded;\n    var total = e.lengthComputable ? e.total : undefined;\n    var progressBytes = loaded - bytesNotified;\n    var rate = _speedometer(progressBytes);\n    var inRange = loaded <= total;\n    bytesNotified = loaded;\n    var data = {\n      loaded: loaded,\n      total: total,\n      progress: total ? loaded / total : undefined,\n      bytes: progressBytes,\n      rate: rate ? rate : undefined,\n      estimated: rate && total && inRange ? (total - loaded) / rate : undefined,\n      event: e\n    };\n    data[isDownloadStream ? 'download' : 'upload'] = true;\n    listener(data);\n  };\n}\nvar isXHRAdapterSupported = typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined';\nexport default isXHRAdapterSupported && function (config) {\n  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {\n    var requestData = config.data;\n    var requestHeaders = AxiosHeaders.from(config.headers).normalize();\n    var responseType = config.responseType;\n    var onCanceled;\n    function done() {\n      if (config.cancelToken) {\n        config.cancelToken.unsubscribe(onCanceled);\n      }\n      if (config.signal) {\n        config.signal.removeEventListener('abort', onCanceled);\n      }\n    }\n    if (utils.isFormData(requestData) && platform.isStandardBrowserEnv) {\n      requestHeaders.setContentType(false); // Let the browser set it\n    }\n\n    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n\n    // HTTP basic authentication\n    if (config.auth) {\n      var username = config.auth.username || '';\n      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';\n      requestHeaders.set('Authorization', 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password));\n    }\n    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);\n\n    // Set the request timeout in MS\n    request.timeout = config.timeout;\n    function onloadend() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n      // Prepare the response\n      var responseHeaders = AxiosHeaders.from('getAllResponseHeaders' in request && request.getAllResponseHeaders());\n      var responseData = !responseType || responseType === 'text' || responseType === 'json' ? request.responseText : request.response;\n      var response = {\n        data: responseData,\n        status: request.status,\n        statusText: request.statusText,\n        headers: responseHeaders,\n        config: config,\n        request: request\n      };\n      settle(function _resolve(value) {\n        resolve(value);\n        done();\n      }, function _reject(err) {\n        reject(err);\n        done();\n      }, response);\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    }\n    if ('onloadend' in request) {\n      // Use onloadend if available\n      request.onloadend = onloadend;\n    } else {\n      // Listen for ready state to emulate onloadend\n      request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {\n        if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be\n        // handled by onerror instead\n        // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers\n        // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request\n        if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {\n          return;\n        }\n        // readystate handler is calling before onerror or ontimeout handlers,\n        // so we should call onloadend on the next 'tick'\n        setTimeout(onloadend);\n      };\n    }\n\n    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)\n    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n      reject(new AxiosError('Request aborted', AxiosError.ECONNABORTED, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle low level network errors\n    request.onerror = function handleError() {\n      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser\n      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error\n      reject(new AxiosError('Network Error', AxiosError.ERR_NETWORK, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle timeout\n    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {\n      var timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeout ? 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded' : 'timeout exceeded';\n      var transitional = config.transitional || transitionalDefaults;\n      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {\n        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;\n      }\n      reject(new AxiosError(timeoutErrorMessage, transitional.clarifyTimeoutError ? AxiosError.ETIMEDOUT : AxiosError.ECONNABORTED, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Add xsrf header\n    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.\n    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.\n    if (platform.isStandardBrowserEnv) {\n      // Add xsrf header\n      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName && cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName);\n      if (xsrfValue) {\n        requestHeaders.set(config.xsrfHeaderName, xsrfValue);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined\n    requestData === undefined && requestHeaders.setContentType(null);\n\n    // Add headers to the request\n    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {\n      utils.forEach(requestHeaders.toJSON(), function setRequestHeader(val, key) {\n        request.setRequestHeader(key, val);\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Add withCredentials to request if needed\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {\n      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;\n    }\n\n    // Add responseType to request if needed\n    if (responseType && responseType !== 'json') {\n      request.responseType = config.responseType;\n    }\n\n    // Handle progress if needed\n    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {\n      request.addEventListener('progress', progressEventReducer(config.onDownloadProgress, true));\n    }\n\n    // Not all browsers support upload events\n    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {\n      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', progressEventReducer(config.onUploadProgress));\n    }\n    if (config.cancelToken || config.signal) {\n      // Handle cancellation\n      // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n      onCanceled = function onCanceled(cancel) {\n        if (!request) {\n          return;\n        }\n        reject(!cancel || cancel.type ? new CanceledError(null, config, request) : cancel);\n        request.abort();\n        request = null;\n      };\n      config.cancelToken && config.cancelToken.subscribe(onCanceled);\n      if (config.signal) {\n        config.signal.aborted ? onCanceled() : config.signal.addEventListener('abort', onCanceled);\n      }\n    }\n    var protocol = parseProtocol(fullPath);\n    if (protocol && platform.protocols.indexOf(protocol) === -1) {\n      reject(new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol + ':', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config));\n      return;\n    }\n\n    // Send the request\n    request.send(requestData || null);\n  });\n};","import utils from '../utils.js';\nimport httpAdapter from './http.js';\nimport xhrAdapter from './xhr.js';\nimport AxiosError from \"../core/AxiosError.js\";\nvar knownAdapters = {\n  http: httpAdapter,\n  xhr: xhrAdapter\n};\nutils.forEach(knownAdapters, function (fn, value) {\n  if (fn) {\n    try {\n      Object.defineProperty(fn, 'name', {\n        value: value\n      });\n    } catch (e) {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty\n    }\n    Object.defineProperty(fn, 'adapterName', {\n      value: value\n    });\n  }\n});\nexport default {\n  getAdapter: function getAdapter(adapters) {\n    adapters = utils.isArray(adapters) ? adapters : [adapters];\n    var _adapters = adapters,\n      length = _adapters.length;\n    var nameOrAdapter;\n    var adapter;\n    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n      nameOrAdapter = adapters[i];\n      if (adapter = utils.isString(nameOrAdapter) ? knownAdapters[nameOrAdapter.toLowerCase()] : nameOrAdapter) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!adapter) {\n      if (adapter === false) {\n        throw new AxiosError(\"Adapter \".concat(nameOrAdapter, \" is not supported by the environment\"), 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT');\n      }\n      throw new Error(utils.hasOwnProp(knownAdapters, nameOrAdapter) ? \"Adapter '\".concat(nameOrAdapter, \"' is not available in the build\") : \"Unknown adapter '\".concat(nameOrAdapter, \"'\"));\n    }\n    if (!utils.isFunction(adapter)) {\n      throw new TypeError('adapter is not a function');\n    }\n    return adapter;\n  },\n  adapters: knownAdapters\n};","// eslint-disable-next-line strict\nexport default null;","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosError from './AxiosError.js';\n\n/**\n * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.\n *\n * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.\n * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.\n * @param {object} response The response.\n *\n * @returns {object} The response.\n */\nexport default function settle(resolve, reject, response) {\n  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;\n  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {\n    resolve(response);\n  } else {\n    reject(new AxiosError('Request failed with status code ' + response.status, [AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE][Math.floor(response.status / 100) - 4], response.config, response.request, response));\n  }\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function parseProtocol(url) {\n  var match = /^([-+\\w]{1,25})(:?\\/\\/|:)/.exec(url);\n  return match && match[1] || '';\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport transformData from './transformData.js';\nimport isCancel from '../cancel/isCancel.js';\nimport defaults from '../defaults/index.js';\nimport CanceledError from '../cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\nimport adapters from \"../adapters/adapters.js\";\n\n/**\n * Throws a `CanceledError` if cancellation has been requested.\n *\n * @param {Object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nfunction throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {\n  if (config.cancelToken) {\n    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();\n  }\n  if (config.signal && config.signal.aborted) {\n    throw new CanceledError();\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.\n *\n * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n *\n * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n */\nexport default function dispatchRequest(config) {\n  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n  config.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(config.headers);\n\n  // Transform request data\n  config.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformRequest);\n  if (['post', 'put', 'patch'].indexOf(config.method) !== -1) {\n    config.headers.setContentType('application/x-www-form-urlencoded', false);\n  }\n  var adapter = adapters.getAdapter(config.adapter || defaults.adapter);\n  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {\n    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n    // Transform response data\n    response.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformResponse, response);\n    response.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(response.headers);\n    return response;\n  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {\n    if (!isCancel(reason)) {\n      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n      // Transform response data\n      if (reason && reason.response) {\n        reason.response.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformResponse, reason.response);\n        reason.response.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(reason.response.headers);\n      }\n    }\n    return Promise.reject(reason);\n  });\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from \"./AxiosHeaders.js\";\nvar headersToObject = function headersToObject(thing) {\n  return thing instanceof AxiosHeaders ? thing.toJSON() : thing;\n};\n\n/**\n * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object\n * by merging two configuration objects together.\n *\n * @param {Object} config1\n * @param {Object} config2\n *\n * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1\n */\nexport default function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  config2 = config2 || {};\n  var config = {};\n  function getMergedValue(target, source, caseless) {\n    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge.call({\n        caseless: caseless\n      }, target, source);\n    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge({}, source);\n    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {\n      return source.slice();\n    }\n    return source;\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function mergeDeepProperties(a, b, caseless) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(a, b, caseless);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(a)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a, caseless);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function valueFromConfig2(a, b) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, b);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function defaultToConfig2(a, b) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, b);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(a)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function mergeDirectKeys(a, b, prop) {\n    if (prop in config2) {\n      return getMergedValue(a, b);\n    } else if (prop in config1) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a);\n    }\n  }\n  var mergeMap = {\n    url: valueFromConfig2,\n    method: valueFromConfig2,\n    data: valueFromConfig2,\n    baseURL: defaultToConfig2,\n    transformRequest: defaultToConfig2,\n    transformResponse: defaultToConfig2,\n    paramsSerializer: defaultToConfig2,\n    timeout: defaultToConfig2,\n    timeoutMessage: defaultToConfig2,\n    withCredentials: defaultToConfig2,\n    adapter: defaultToConfig2,\n    responseType: defaultToConfig2,\n    xsrfCookieName: defaultToConfig2,\n    xsrfHeaderName: defaultToConfig2,\n    onUploadProgress: defaultToConfig2,\n    onDownloadProgress: defaultToConfig2,\n    decompress: defaultToConfig2,\n    maxContentLength: defaultToConfig2,\n    maxBodyLength: defaultToConfig2,\n    beforeRedirect: defaultToConfig2,\n    transport: defaultToConfig2,\n    httpAgent: defaultToConfig2,\n    httpsAgent: defaultToConfig2,\n    cancelToken: defaultToConfig2,\n    socketPath: defaultToConfig2,\n    responseEncoding: defaultToConfig2,\n    validateStatus: mergeDirectKeys,\n    headers: function headers(a, b) {\n      return mergeDeepProperties(headersToObject(a), headersToObject(b), true);\n    }\n  };\n  utils.forEach(Object.keys(config1).concat(Object.keys(config2)), function computeConfigValue(prop) {\n    var merge = mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties;\n    var configValue = merge(config1[prop], config2[prop], prop);\n    utils.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys || (config[prop] = configValue);\n  });\n  return config;\n}","export var VERSION = \"1.2.0\";","'use strict';\n\nimport { VERSION } from '../env/data.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nvar validators = {};\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n['object', 'boolean', 'number', 'function', 'string', 'symbol'].forEach(function (type, i) {\n  validators[type] = function validator(thing) {\n    return typeof thing === type || 'a' + (i < 1 ? 'n ' : ' ') + type;\n  };\n});\nvar deprecatedWarnings = {};\n\n/**\n * Transitional option validator\n *\n * @param {function|boolean?} validator - set to false if the transitional option has been removed\n * @param {string?} version - deprecated version / removed since version\n * @param {string?} message - some message with additional info\n *\n * @returns {function}\n */\nvalidators.transitional = function transitional(validator, version, message) {\n  function formatMessage(opt, desc) {\n    return '[Axios v' + VERSION + '] Transitional option \\'' + opt + '\\'' + desc + (message ? '. ' + message : '');\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n  return function (value, opt, opts) {\n    if (validator === false) {\n      throw new AxiosError(formatMessage(opt, ' has been removed' + (version ? ' in ' + version : '')), AxiosError.ERR_DEPRECATED);\n    }\n    if (version && !deprecatedWarnings[opt]) {\n      deprecatedWarnings[opt] = true;\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console\n      console.warn(formatMessage(opt, ' has been deprecated since v' + version + ' and will be removed in the near future'));\n    }\n    return validator ? validator(value, opt, opts) : true;\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * Assert object's properties type\n *\n * @param {object} options\n * @param {object} schema\n * @param {boolean?} allowUnknown\n *\n * @returns {object}\n */\n\nfunction assertOptions(options, schema, allowUnknown) {\n  if (typeof options !== 'object') {\n    throw new AxiosError('options must be an object', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE);\n  }\n  var keys = Object.keys(options);\n  var i = keys.length;\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    var opt = keys[i];\n    var validator = schema[opt];\n    if (validator) {\n      var value = options[opt];\n      var result = value === undefined || validator(value, opt, options);\n      if (result !== true) {\n        throw new AxiosError('option ' + opt + ' must be ' + result, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE);\n      }\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (allowUnknown !== true) {\n      throw new AxiosError('Unknown option ' + opt, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION);\n    }\n  }\n}\nexport default {\n  assertOptions: assertOptions,\n  validators: validators\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport buildURL from '../helpers/buildURL.js';\nimport InterceptorManager from './InterceptorManager.js';\nimport dispatchRequest from './dispatchRequest.js';\nimport mergeConfig from './mergeConfig.js';\nimport buildFullPath from './buildFullPath.js';\nimport validator from '../helpers/validator.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from './AxiosHeaders.js';\nvar validators = validator.validators;\n\n/**\n * Create a new instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance\n *\n * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios\n */\nvar Axios = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function Axios(instanceConfig) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Axios);\n    this.defaults = instanceConfig;\n    this.interceptors = {\n      request: new InterceptorManager(),\n      response: new InterceptorManager()\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Dispatch a request\n   *\n   * @param {String|Object} configOrUrl The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)\n   * @param {?Object} config\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n   */\n  _createClass(Axios, [{\n    key: \"request\",\n    value: function request(configOrUrl, config) {\n      /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n      // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API\n      if (typeof configOrUrl === 'string') {\n        config = config || {};\n        config.url = configOrUrl;\n      } else {\n        config = configOrUrl || {};\n      }\n      config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n      var _config = config,\n        transitional = _config.transitional,\n        paramsSerializer = _config.paramsSerializer,\n        headers = _config.headers;\n      if (transitional !== undefined) {\n        validator.assertOptions(transitional, {\n          silentJSONParsing: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),\n          forcedJSONParsing: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),\n          clarifyTimeoutError: validators.transitional(validators.boolean)\n        }, false);\n      }\n      if (paramsSerializer !== undefined) {\n        validator.assertOptions(paramsSerializer, {\n          encode: validators.function,\n          serialize: validators.function\n        }, true);\n      }\n\n      // Set config.method\n      config.method = (config.method || this.defaults.method || 'get').toLowerCase();\n      var contextHeaders;\n\n      // Flatten headers\n      contextHeaders = headers && utils.merge(headers.common, headers[config.method]);\n      contextHeaders && utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'], function (method) {\n        delete headers[method];\n      });\n      config.headers = AxiosHeaders.concat(contextHeaders, headers);\n\n      // filter out skipped interceptors\n      var requestInterceptorChain = [];\n      var synchronousRequestInterceptors = true;\n      this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {\n        if (typeof interceptor.runWhen === 'function' && interceptor.runWhen(config) === false) {\n          return;\n        }\n        synchronousRequestInterceptors = synchronousRequestInterceptors && interceptor.synchronous;\n        requestInterceptorChain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n      });\n      var responseInterceptorChain = [];\n      this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {\n        responseInterceptorChain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n      });\n      var promise;\n      var i = 0;\n      var len;\n      if (!synchronousRequestInterceptors) {\n        var chain = [dispatchRequest.bind(this), undefined];\n        chain.unshift.apply(chain, requestInterceptorChain);\n        chain.push.apply(chain, responseInterceptorChain);\n        len = chain.length;\n        promise = Promise.resolve(config);\n        while (i < len) {\n          promise = promise.then(chain[i++], chain[i++]);\n        }\n        return promise;\n      }\n      len = requestInterceptorChain.length;\n      var newConfig = config;\n      i = 0;\n      while (i < len) {\n        var onFulfilled = requestInterceptorChain[i++];\n        var onRejected = requestInterceptorChain[i++];\n        try {\n          newConfig = onFulfilled(newConfig);\n        } catch (error) {\n          onRejected.call(this, error);\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      try {\n        promise = dispatchRequest.call(this, newConfig);\n      } catch (error) {\n        return Promise.reject(error);\n      }\n      i = 0;\n      len = responseInterceptorChain.length;\n      while (i < len) {\n        promise = promise.then(responseInterceptorChain[i++], responseInterceptorChain[i++]);\n      }\n      return promise;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getUri\",\n    value: function getUri(config) {\n      config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n      var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n      return buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Axios;\n}(); // Provide aliases for supported request methods\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function (url, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: (config || {}).data\n    }));\n  };\n});\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n\n  function generateHTTPMethod(isForm) {\n    return function httpMethod(url, data, config) {\n      return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n        method: method,\n        headers: isForm ? {\n          'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'\n        } : {},\n        url: url,\n        data: data\n      }));\n    };\n  }\n  Axios.prototype[method] = generateHTTPMethod();\n  Axios.prototype[method + 'Form'] = generateHTTPMethod(true);\n});\nexport default Axios;","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport CanceledError from './CanceledError.js';\n\n/**\n * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.\n *\n * @param {Function} executor The executor function.\n *\n * @returns {CancelToken}\n */\nvar CancelToken = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function CancelToken(executor) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, CancelToken);\n    if (typeof executor !== 'function') {\n      throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');\n    }\n    var resolvePromise;\n    this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {\n      resolvePromise = resolve;\n    });\n    var token = this;\n\n    // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n    this.promise.then(function (cancel) {\n      if (!token._listeners) return;\n      var i = token._listeners.length;\n      while (i-- > 0) {\n        token._listeners[i](cancel);\n      }\n      token._listeners = null;\n    });\n\n    // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n    this.promise.then = function (onfulfilled) {\n      var _resolve;\n      // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n      var promise = new Promise(function (resolve) {\n        token.subscribe(resolve);\n        _resolve = resolve;\n      }).then(onfulfilled);\n      promise.cancel = function reject() {\n        token.unsubscribe(_resolve);\n      };\n      return promise;\n    };\n    executor(function cancel(message, config, request) {\n      if (token.reason) {\n        // Cancellation has already been requested\n        return;\n      }\n      token.reason = new CanceledError(message, config, request);\n      resolvePromise(token.reason);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Throws a `CanceledError` if cancellation has been requested.\n   */\n  _createClass(CancelToken, [{\n    key: \"throwIfRequested\",\n    value: function throwIfRequested() {\n      if (this.reason) {\n        throw this.reason;\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Subscribe to the cancel signal\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"subscribe\",\n    value: function subscribe(listener) {\n      if (this.reason) {\n        listener(this.reason);\n        return;\n      }\n      if (this._listeners) {\n        this._listeners.push(listener);\n      } else {\n        this._listeners = [listener];\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Unsubscribe from the cancel signal\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"unsubscribe\",\n    value: function unsubscribe(listener) {\n      if (!this._listeners) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var index = this._listeners.indexOf(listener);\n      if (index !== -1) {\n        this._listeners.splice(index, 1);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,\n     * cancels the `CancelToken`.\n     */\n  }], [{\n    key: \"source\",\n    value: function source() {\n      var cancel;\n      var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {\n        cancel = c;\n      });\n      return {\n        token: token,\n        cancel: cancel\n      };\n    }\n  }]);\n  return CancelToken;\n}();\nexport default CancelToken;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './utils.js';\nimport bind from './helpers/bind.js';\nimport Axios from './core/Axios.js';\nimport mergeConfig from './core/mergeConfig.js';\nimport defaults from './defaults/index.js';\nimport formDataToJSON from './helpers/formDataToJSON.js';\nimport CanceledError from './cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport CancelToken from './cancel/CancelToken.js';\nimport isCancel from './cancel/isCancel.js';\nimport { VERSION } from './env/data.js';\nimport toFormData from './helpers/toFormData.js';\nimport AxiosError from './core/AxiosError.js';\nimport spread from './helpers/spread.js';\nimport isAxiosError from './helpers/isAxiosError.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from \"./core/AxiosHeaders.js\";\n\n/**\n * Create an instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance\n *\n * @returns {Axios} A new instance of Axios\n */\nfunction createInstance(defaultConfig) {\n  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);\n  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);\n\n  // Copy axios.prototype to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context, {\n    allOwnKeys: true\n  });\n\n  // Copy context to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, context, null, {\n    allOwnKeys: true\n  });\n\n  // Factory for creating new instances\n  instance.create = function create(instanceConfig) {\n    return createInstance(mergeConfig(defaultConfig, instanceConfig));\n  };\n  return instance;\n}\n\n// Create the default instance to be exported\nvar axios = createInstance(defaults);\n\n// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance\naxios.Axios = Axios;\n\n// Expose Cancel & CancelToken\naxios.CanceledError = CanceledError;\naxios.CancelToken = CancelToken;\naxios.isCancel = isCancel;\naxios.VERSION = VERSION;\naxios.toFormData = toFormData;\n\n// Expose AxiosError class\naxios.AxiosError = AxiosError;\n\n// alias for CanceledError for backward compatibility\naxios.Cancel = axios.CanceledError;\n\n// Expose all/spread\naxios.all = function all(promises) {\n  return Promise.all(promises);\n};\naxios.spread = spread;\n\n// Expose isAxiosError\naxios.isAxiosError = isAxiosError;\naxios.AxiosHeaders = AxiosHeaders;\naxios.formToJSON = function (thing) {\n  return formDataToJSON(utils.isHTMLForm(thing) ? new FormData(thing) : thing);\n};\naxios.default = axios;\n\n// this module should only have a default export\nexport default axios;","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.\n *\n * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  function f(x, y, z) {}\n *  var args = [1, 2, 3];\n *  f.apply(null, args);\n *  ```\n *\n * With `spread` this example can be re-written.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);\n *  ```\n *\n * @param {Function} callback\n *\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nexport default function spread(callback) {\n  return function wrap(arr) {\n    return callback.apply(null, arr);\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios\n *\n * @param {*} payload The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false\n */\nexport default function isAxiosError(payload) {\n  return utils.isObject(payload) && payload.isAxiosError === true;\n}","\"use strict\";\n\nrequire(\"core-js/shim\");\nrequire(\"regenerator-runtime/runtime\");\nrequire(\"core-js/fn/regexp/escape\");\nif (global._babelPolyfill) {\n  throw new Error(\"only one instance of babel-polyfill is allowed\");\n}\nglobal._babelPolyfill = true;\nvar DEFINE_PROPERTY = \"defineProperty\";\nfunction define(O, key, value) {\n  O[key] || Object[DEFINE_PROPERTY](O, key, {\n    writable: true,\n    configurable: true,\n    value: value\n  });\n}\ndefine(String.prototype, \"padLeft\", \"\".padStart);\ndefine(String.prototype, \"padRight\", \"\".padEnd);\n\"pop,reverse,shift,keys,values,entries,indexOf,every,some,forEach,map,filter,find,findIndex,includes,join,slice,concat,push,splice,unshift,sort,lastIndexOf,reduce,reduceRight,copyWithin,fill\".split(\",\").forEach(function (key) {\n  [][key] && define(Array, key, Function.call.bind([][key]));\n});","/*!\n  Copyright (c) 2018 Jed Watson.\n  Licensed under the MIT License (MIT), see\n  http://jedwatson.github.io/classnames\n*/\n/* global define */\n\n(function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  var hasOwn = {}.hasOwnProperty;\n  function classNames() {\n    var classes = [];\n    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var arg = arguments[i];\n      if (!arg) continue;\n      var argType = typeof arg;\n      if (argType === 'string' || argType === 'number') {\n        classes.push(arg);\n      } else if (Array.isArray(arg)) {\n        if (arg.length) {\n          var inner = classNames.apply(null, arg);\n          if (inner) {\n            classes.push(inner);\n          }\n        }\n      } else if (argType === 'object') {\n        if (arg.toString === Object.prototype.toString) {\n          for (var key in arg) {\n            if (hasOwn.call(arg, key) && arg[key]) {\n              classes.push(key);\n            }\n          }\n        } else {\n          classes.push(arg.toString());\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return classes.join(' ');\n  }\n  if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {\n    classNames.default = classNames;\n    module.exports = classNames;\n  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && typeof define.amd === 'object' && define.amd) {\n    // register as 'classnames', consistent with npm package name\n    define('classnames', [], function () {\n      return classNames;\n    });\n  } else {\n    window.classNames = classNames;\n  }\n})();","var conversions = {\n  // length\n  'px': {\n    'px': 1,\n    'cm': 96.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 96.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 96,\n    'pt': 96.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 16\n  },\n  'cm': {\n    'px': 2.54 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 1,\n    'mm': 0.1,\n    'in': 2.54,\n    'pt': 2.54 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 2.54 / 6.0\n  },\n  'mm': {\n    'px': 25.4 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 10,\n    'mm': 1,\n    'in': 25.4,\n    'pt': 25.4 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 25.4 / 6.0\n  },\n  'in': {\n    'px': 1.0 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 1.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 1.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 1,\n    'pt': 1.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 1.0 / 6.0\n  },\n  'pt': {\n    'px': 0.75,\n    'cm': 72.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 72.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 72,\n    'pt': 1,\n    'pc': 12\n  },\n  'pc': {\n    'px': 6.0 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 6.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 6.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 6,\n    'pt': 6.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 1\n  },\n  // angle\n  'deg': {\n    'deg': 1,\n    'grad': 0.9,\n    'rad': 180 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 360\n  },\n  'grad': {\n    'deg': 400 / 360,\n    'grad': 1,\n    'rad': 200 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 400\n  },\n  'rad': {\n    'deg': Math.PI / 180,\n    'grad': Math.PI / 200,\n    'rad': 1,\n    'turn': Math.PI * 2\n  },\n  'turn': {\n    'deg': 1 / 360,\n    'grad': 1 / 400,\n    'rad': 0.5 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 1\n  },\n  // time\n  's': {\n    's': 1,\n    'ms': 1 / 1000\n  },\n  'ms': {\n    's': 1000,\n    'ms': 1\n  },\n  // frequency\n  'Hz': {\n    'Hz': 1,\n    'kHz': 1000\n  },\n  'kHz': {\n    'Hz': 1 / 1000,\n    'kHz': 1\n  },\n  // resolution\n  'dpi': {\n    'dpi': 1,\n    'dpcm': 1.0 / 2.54,\n    'dppx': 1 / 96\n  },\n  'dpcm': {\n    'dpi': 2.54,\n    'dpcm': 1,\n    'dppx': 2.54 / 96.0\n  },\n  'dppx': {\n    'dpi': 96,\n    'dpcm': 96.0 / 2.54,\n    'dppx': 1\n  }\n};\nmodule.exports = function (value, sourceUnit, targetUnit, precision) {\n  if (!conversions.hasOwnProperty(targetUnit)) throw new Error(\"Cannot convert to \" + targetUnit);\n  if (!conversions[targetUnit].hasOwnProperty(sourceUnit)) throw new Error(\"Cannot convert from \" + sourceUnit + \" to \" + targetUnit);\n  var converted = conversions[targetUnit][sourceUnit] * value;\n  if (precision !== false) {\n    precision = Math.pow(10, parseInt(precision) || 5);\n    return Math.round(converted * precision) / precision;\n  }\n  return converted;\n};","/*! decimal.js-light v2.5.1 https://github.com/MikeMcl/decimal.js-light/LICENCE */\n;\n(function (globalScope) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /*\r\n   *  decimal.js-light v2.5.1\r\n   *  An arbitrary-precision Decimal type for JavaScript.\r\n   *  https://github.com/MikeMcl/decimal.js-light\r\n   *  Copyright (c) 2020 Michael Mclaughlin <M8ch88l@gmail.com>\r\n   *  MIT Expat Licence\r\n   */\n\n  // -----------------------------------  EDITABLE DEFAULTS  ------------------------------------ //\n\n  // The limit on the value of `precision`, and on the value of the first argument to\n  // `toDecimalPlaces`, `toExponential`, `toFixed`, `toPrecision` and `toSignificantDigits`.\n  var MAX_DIGITS = 1e9,\n    // 0 to 1e9\n\n    // The initial configuration properties of the Decimal constructor.\n    Decimal = {\n      // These values must be integers within the stated ranges (inclusive).\n      // Most of these values can be changed during run-time using `Decimal.config`.\n\n      // The maximum number of significant digits of the result of a calculation or base conversion.\n      // E.g. `Decimal.config({ precision: 20 });`\n      precision: 20,\n      // 1 to MAX_DIGITS\n\n      // The rounding mode used by default by `toInteger`, `toDecimalPlaces`, `toExponential`,\n      // `toFixed`, `toPrecision` and `toSignificantDigits`.\n      //\n      // ROUND_UP         0 Away from zero.\n      // ROUND_DOWN       1 Towards zero.\n      // ROUND_CEIL       2 Towards +Infinity.\n      // ROUND_FLOOR      3 Towards -Infinity.\n      // ROUND_HALF_UP    4 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, up.\n      // ROUND_HALF_DOWN  5 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, down.\n      // ROUND_HALF_EVEN  6 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards even neighbour.\n      // ROUND_HALF_CEIL  7 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards +Infinity.\n      // ROUND_HALF_FLOOR 8 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards -Infinity.\n      //\n      // E.g.\n      // `Decimal.rounding = 4;`\n      // `Decimal.rounding = Decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP;`\n      rounding: 4,\n      // 0 to 8\n\n      // The exponent value at and beneath which `toString` returns exponential notation.\n      // JavaScript numbers: -7\n      toExpNeg: -7,\n      // 0 to -MAX_E\n\n      // The exponent value at and above which `toString` returns exponential notation.\n      // JavaScript numbers: 21\n      toExpPos: 21,\n      // 0 to MAX_E\n\n      // The natural logarithm of 10.\n      // 115 digits\n      LN10: '2.302585092994045684017991454684364207601101488628772976033327900967572609677352480235997205089598298341967784042286'\n    },\n    // ----------------------------------- END OF EDITABLE DEFAULTS ------------------------------- //\n\n    external = true,\n    decimalError = '[DecimalError] ',\n    invalidArgument = decimalError + 'Invalid argument: ',\n    exponentOutOfRange = decimalError + 'Exponent out of range: ',\n    mathfloor = Math.floor,\n    mathpow = Math.pow,\n    isDecimal = /^(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(e[+-]?\\d+)?$/i,\n    ONE,\n    BASE = 1e7,\n    LOG_BASE = 7,\n    MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,\n    MAX_E = mathfloor(MAX_SAFE_INTEGER / LOG_BASE),\n    // 1286742750677284\n\n    // Decimal.prototype object\n    P = {};\n\n  // Decimal prototype methods\n\n  /*\r\n   *  absoluteValue                       abs\r\n   *  comparedTo                          cmp\r\n   *  decimalPlaces                       dp\r\n   *  dividedBy                           div\r\n   *  dividedToIntegerBy                  idiv\r\n   *  equals                              eq\r\n   *  exponent\r\n   *  greaterThan                         gt\r\n   *  greaterThanOrEqualTo                gte\r\n   *  isInteger                           isint\r\n   *  isNegative                          isneg\r\n   *  isPositive                          ispos\r\n   *  isZero\r\n   *  lessThan                            lt\r\n   *  lessThanOrEqualTo                   lte\r\n   *  logarithm                           log\r\n   *  minus                               sub\r\n   *  modulo                              mod\r\n   *  naturalExponential                  exp\r\n   *  naturalLogarithm                    ln\r\n   *  negated                             neg\r\n   *  plus                                add\r\n   *  precision                           sd\r\n   *  squareRoot                          sqrt\r\n   *  times                               mul\r\n   *  toDecimalPlaces                     todp\r\n   *  toExponential\r\n   *  toFixed\r\n   *  toInteger                           toint\r\n   *  toNumber\r\n   *  toPower                             pow\r\n   *  toPrecision\r\n   *  toSignificantDigits                 tosd\r\n   *  toString\r\n   *  valueOf                             val\r\n   */\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the absolute value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.absoluteValue = P.abs = function () {\n    var x = new this.constructor(this);\n    if (x.s) x.s = 1;\n    return x;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return\r\n   *   1    if the value of this Decimal is greater than the value of `y`,\r\n   *  -1    if the value of this Decimal is less than the value of `y`,\r\n   *   0    if they have the same value\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.comparedTo = P.cmp = function (y) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      xdL,\n      ydL,\n      x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n\n    // Signs differ?\n    if (x.s !== y.s) return x.s || -y.s;\n\n    // Compare exponents.\n    if (x.e !== y.e) return x.e > y.e ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    xdL = x.d.length;\n    ydL = y.d.length;\n\n    // Compare digit by digit.\n    for (i = 0, j = xdL < ydL ? xdL : ydL; i < j; ++i) {\n      if (x.d[i] !== y.d[i]) return x.d[i] > y.d[i] ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    }\n\n    // Compare lengths.\n    return xdL === ydL ? 0 : xdL > ydL ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the number of decimal places of the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.decimalPlaces = P.dp = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      w = x.d.length - 1,\n      dp = (w - x.e) * LOG_BASE;\n\n    // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last word.\n    w = x.d[w];\n    if (w) for (; w % 10 == 0; w /= 10) {\n      dp--;\n    }\n    return dp < 0 ? 0 : dp;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal divided by `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.dividedBy = P.div = function (y) {\n    return divide(this, new this.constructor(y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the integer part of dividing the value of this Decimal\r\n   * by the value of `y`, truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.dividedToIntegerBy = P.idiv = function (y) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return round(divide(x, new Ctor(y), 0, 1), Ctor.precision);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is equal to the value of `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.equals = P.eq = function (y) {\n    return !this.cmp(y);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the (base 10) exponent value of this Decimal (this.e is the base 10000000 exponent).\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.exponent = function () {\n    return getBase10Exponent(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is greater than the value of `y`, otherwise return\r\n   * false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.greaterThan = P.gt = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) > 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is greater than or equal to the value of `y`,\r\n   * otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.greaterThanOrEqualTo = P.gte = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) >= 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is an integer, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isInteger = P.isint = function () {\n    return this.e > this.d.length - 2;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is negative, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isNegative = P.isneg = function () {\n    return this.s < 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is positive, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isPositive = P.ispos = function () {\n    return this.s > 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is 0, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isZero = function () {\n    return this.s === 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is less than `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.lessThan = P.lt = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) < 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is less than or equal to `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.lessThanOrEqualTo = P.lte = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) < 1;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the logarithm of the value of this Decimal to the specified base, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * If no base is specified, return log[10](x).\r\n   *\r\n   * log[base](x) = ln(x) / ln(base)\r\n   *\r\n   * The maximum error of the result is 1 ulp (unit in the last place).\r\n   *\r\n   * [base] {number|string|Decimal} The base of the logarithm.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.logarithm = P.log = function (base) {\n    var r,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision,\n      wpr = pr + 5;\n\n    // Default base is 10.\n    if (base === void 0) {\n      base = new Ctor(10);\n    } else {\n      base = new Ctor(base);\n\n      // log[-b](x) = NaN\n      // log[0](x)  = NaN\n      // log[1](x)  = NaN\n      if (base.s < 1 || base.eq(ONE)) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n    }\n\n    // log[b](-x) = NaN\n    // log[b](0) = -Infinity\n    if (x.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + (x.s ? 'NaN' : '-Infinity'));\n\n    // log[b](1) = 0\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return new Ctor(0);\n    external = false;\n    r = divide(ln(x, wpr), ln(base, wpr), wpr);\n    external = true;\n    return round(r, pr);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal minus `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.minus = P.sub = function (y) {\n    var x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n    return x.s == y.s ? subtract(x, y) : add(x, (y.s = -y.s, y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal modulo `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.modulo = P.mod = function (y) {\n    var q,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n    y = new Ctor(y);\n\n    // x % 0 = NaN\n    if (!y.s) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n\n    // Return x if x is 0.\n    if (!x.s) return round(new Ctor(x), pr);\n\n    // Prevent rounding of intermediate calculations.\n    external = false;\n    q = divide(x, y, 0, 1).times(y);\n    external = true;\n    return x.minus(q);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural exponential of the value of this Decimal,\r\n   * i.e. the base e raised to the power the value of this Decimal, truncated to `precision`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.naturalExponential = P.exp = function () {\n    return exp(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural logarithm of the value of this Decimal,\r\n   * truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.naturalLogarithm = P.ln = function () {\n    return ln(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal negated, i.e. as if multiplied by\r\n   * -1.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.negated = P.neg = function () {\n    var x = new this.constructor(this);\n    x.s = -x.s || 0;\n    return x;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal plus `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.plus = P.add = function (y) {\n    var x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n    return x.s == y.s ? add(x, y) : subtract(x, (y.s = -y.s, y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the number of significant digits of the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * [z] {boolean|number} Whether to count integer-part trailing zeros: true, false, 1 or 0.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.precision = P.sd = function (z) {\n    var e,\n      sd,\n      w,\n      x = this;\n    if (z !== void 0 && z !== !!z && z !== 1 && z !== 0) throw Error(invalidArgument + z);\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x) + 1;\n    w = x.d.length - 1;\n    sd = w * LOG_BASE + 1;\n    w = x.d[w];\n\n    // If non-zero...\n    if (w) {\n      // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last word.\n      for (; w % 10 == 0; w /= 10) {\n        sd--;\n      }\n\n      // Add the number of digits of the first word.\n      for (w = x.d[0]; w >= 10; w /= 10) {\n        sd++;\n      }\n    }\n    return z && e > sd ? e : sd;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the square root of this Decimal, truncated to `precision`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.squareRoot = P.sqrt = function () {\n    var e,\n      n,\n      pr,\n      r,\n      s,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n\n    // Negative or zero?\n    if (x.s < 1) {\n      if (!x.s) return new Ctor(0);\n\n      // sqrt(-x) = NaN\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n    }\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n    external = false;\n\n    // Initial estimate.\n    s = Math.sqrt(+x);\n\n    // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?\n    // Pass x to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the exponent of the result.\n    if (s == 0 || s == 1 / 0) {\n      n = digitsToString(x.d);\n      if ((n.length + e) % 2 == 0) n += '0';\n      s = Math.sqrt(n);\n      e = mathfloor((e + 1) / 2) - (e < 0 || e % 2);\n      if (s == 1 / 0) {\n        n = '5e' + e;\n      } else {\n        n = s.toExponential();\n        n = n.slice(0, n.indexOf('e') + 1) + e;\n      }\n      r = new Ctor(n);\n    } else {\n      r = new Ctor(s.toString());\n    }\n    pr = Ctor.precision;\n    s = wpr = pr + 3;\n\n    // Newton-Raphson iteration.\n    for (;;) {\n      t = r;\n      r = t.plus(divide(x, t, wpr + 2)).times(0.5);\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === (n = digitsToString(r.d)).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        n = n.slice(wpr - 3, wpr + 1);\n\n        // The 4th rounding digit may be in error by -1 so if the 4 rounding digits are 9999 or\n        // 4999, i.e. approaching a rounding boundary, continue the iteration.\n        if (s == wpr && n == '4999') {\n          // On the first iteration only, check to see if rounding up gives the exact result as the\n          // nines may infinitely repeat.\n          round(t, pr + 1, 0);\n          if (t.times(t).eq(x)) {\n            r = t;\n            break;\n          }\n        } else if (n != '9999') {\n          break;\n        }\n        wpr += 4;\n      }\n    }\n    external = true;\n    return round(r, pr);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal times `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.times = P.mul = function (y) {\n    var carry,\n      e,\n      i,\n      k,\n      r,\n      rL,\n      t,\n      xdL,\n      ydL,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      xd = x.d,\n      yd = (y = new Ctor(y)).d;\n\n    // Return 0 if either is 0.\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) return new Ctor(0);\n    y.s *= x.s;\n    e = x.e + y.e;\n    xdL = xd.length;\n    ydL = yd.length;\n\n    // Ensure xd points to the longer array.\n    if (xdL < ydL) {\n      r = xd;\n      xd = yd;\n      yd = r;\n      rL = xdL;\n      xdL = ydL;\n      ydL = rL;\n    }\n\n    // Initialise the result array with zeros.\n    r = [];\n    rL = xdL + ydL;\n    for (i = rL; i--;) {\n      r.push(0);\n    }\n\n    // Multiply!\n    for (i = ydL; --i >= 0;) {\n      carry = 0;\n      for (k = xdL + i; k > i;) {\n        t = r[k] + yd[i] * xd[k - i - 1] + carry;\n        r[k--] = t % BASE | 0;\n        carry = t / BASE | 0;\n      }\n      r[k] = (r[k] + carry) % BASE | 0;\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (; !r[--rL];) {\n      r.pop();\n    }\n    if (carry) ++e;else r.shift();\n    y.d = r;\n    y.e = e;\n    return external ? round(y, Ctor.precision) : y;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a maximum of `dp`\r\n   * decimal places using rounding mode `rm` or `rounding` if `rm` is omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * If `dp` is omitted, return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toDecimalPlaces = P.todp = function (dp, rm) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    x = new Ctor(x);\n    if (dp === void 0) return x;\n    checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n    if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    return round(x, dp + getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, rm);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal in exponential notation rounded to\r\n   * `dp` fixed decimal places using rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toExponential = function (dp, rm) {\n    var str,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (dp === void 0) {\n      str = toString(x, true);\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n      x = round(new Ctor(x), dp + 1, rm);\n      str = toString(x, true, dp + 1);\n    }\n    return str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal in normal (fixed-point) notation to\r\n   * `dp` fixed decimal places and rounded using rounding mode `rm` or `rounding` if `rm` is\r\n   * omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * As with JavaScript numbers, (-0).toFixed(0) is '0', but e.g. (-0.00001).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(0) is '0', but (-0.1).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(1) is '0.0', but (-0.01).toFixed(1) is '-0.0'.\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(3) is '0.000'.\r\n   * (-0.5).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toFixed = function (dp, rm) {\n    var str,\n      y,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (dp === void 0) return toString(x);\n    checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n    if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    y = round(new Ctor(x), dp + getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, rm);\n    str = toString(y.abs(), false, dp + getBase10Exponent(y) + 1);\n\n    // To determine whether to add the minus sign look at the value before it was rounded,\n    // i.e. look at `x` rather than `y`.\n    return x.isneg() && !x.isZero() ? '-' + str : str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a whole number using\r\n   * rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toInteger = P.toint = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return round(new Ctor(x), getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, Ctor.rounding);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the value of this Decimal converted to a number primitive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toNumber = function () {\n    return +this;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal raised to the power `y`,\r\n   * truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * For non-integer or very large exponents pow(x, y) is calculated using\r\n   *\r\n   *   x^y = exp(y*ln(x))\r\n   *\r\n   * The maximum error is 1 ulp (unit in last place).\r\n   *\r\n   * y {number|string|Decimal} The power to which to raise this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toPower = P.pow = function (y) {\n    var e,\n      k,\n      pr,\n      r,\n      sign,\n      yIsInt,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      guard = 12,\n      yn = +(y = new Ctor(y));\n\n    // pow(x, 0) = 1\n    if (!y.s) return new Ctor(ONE);\n    x = new Ctor(x);\n\n    // pow(0, y > 0) = 0\n    // pow(0, y < 0) = Infinity\n    if (!x.s) {\n      if (y.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + 'Infinity');\n      return x;\n    }\n\n    // pow(1, y) = 1\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return x;\n    pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // pow(x, 1) = x\n    if (y.eq(ONE)) return round(x, pr);\n    e = y.e;\n    k = y.d.length - 1;\n    yIsInt = e >= k;\n    sign = x.s;\n    if (!yIsInt) {\n      // pow(x < 0, y non-integer) = NaN\n      if (sign < 0) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n\n      // If y is a small integer use the 'exponentiation by squaring' algorithm.\n    } else if ((k = yn < 0 ? -yn : yn) <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {\n      r = new Ctor(ONE);\n\n      // Max k of 9007199254740991 takes 53 loop iterations.\n      // Maximum digits array length; leaves [28, 34] guard digits.\n      e = Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE + 4);\n      external = false;\n      for (;;) {\n        if (k % 2) {\n          r = r.times(x);\n          truncate(r.d, e);\n        }\n        k = mathfloor(k / 2);\n        if (k === 0) break;\n        x = x.times(x);\n        truncate(x.d, e);\n      }\n      external = true;\n      return y.s < 0 ? new Ctor(ONE).div(r) : round(r, pr);\n    }\n\n    // Result is negative if x is negative and the last digit of integer y is odd.\n    sign = sign < 0 && y.d[Math.max(e, k)] & 1 ? -1 : 1;\n    x.s = 1;\n    external = false;\n    r = y.times(ln(x, pr + guard));\n    external = true;\n    r = exp(r);\n    r.s = sign;\n    return r;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal rounded to `sd` significant digits\r\n   * using rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   * Return exponential notation if `sd` is less than the number of digits necessary to represent\r\n   * the integer part of the value in normal notation.\r\n   *\r\n   * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toPrecision = function (sd, rm) {\n    var e,\n      str,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (sd === void 0) {\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      str = toString(x, e <= Ctor.toExpNeg || e >= Ctor.toExpPos);\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(sd, 1, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n      x = round(new Ctor(x), sd, rm);\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      str = toString(x, sd <= e || e <= Ctor.toExpNeg, sd);\n    }\n    return str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a maximum of `sd`\r\n   * significant digits using rounding mode `rm`, or to `precision` and `rounding` respectively if\r\n   * omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toSignificantDigits = P.tosd = function (sd, rm) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (sd === void 0) {\n      sd = Ctor.precision;\n      rm = Ctor.rounding;\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(sd, 1, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    }\n    return round(new Ctor(x), sd, rm);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * Return exponential notation if this Decimal has a positive exponent equal to or greater than\r\n   * `toExpPos`, or a negative exponent equal to or less than `toExpNeg`.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toString = P.valueOf = P.val = P.toJSON = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x),\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return toString(x, e <= Ctor.toExpNeg || e >= Ctor.toExpPos);\n  };\n\n  // Helper functions for Decimal.prototype (P) and/or Decimal methods, and their callers.\n\n  /*\r\n   *  add                 P.minus, P.plus\r\n   *  checkInt32          P.todp, P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision, P.tosd\r\n   *  digitsToString      P.log, P.sqrt, P.pow, toString, exp, ln\r\n   *  divide              P.div, P.idiv, P.log, P.mod, P.sqrt, exp, ln\r\n   *  exp                 P.exp, P.pow\r\n   *  getBase10Exponent   P.exponent, P.sd, P.toint, P.sqrt, P.todp, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision,\r\n   *                      P.toString, divide, round, toString, exp, ln\r\n   *  getLn10             P.log, ln\r\n   *  getZeroString       digitsToString, toString\r\n   *  ln                  P.log, P.ln, P.pow, exp\r\n   *  parseDecimal        Decimal\r\n   *  round               P.abs, P.idiv, P.log, P.minus, P.mod, P.neg, P.plus, P.toint, P.sqrt,\r\n   *                      P.times, P.todp, P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.pow, P.toPrecision, P.tosd,\r\n   *                      divide, getLn10, exp, ln\r\n   *  subtract            P.minus, P.plus\r\n   *  toString            P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision, P.toString, P.valueOf\r\n   *  truncate            P.pow\r\n   *\r\n   *  Throws:             P.log, P.mod, P.sd, P.sqrt, P.pow,  checkInt32, divide, round,\r\n   *                      getLn10, exp, ln, parseDecimal, Decimal, config\r\n   */\n\n  function add(x, y) {\n    var carry,\n      d,\n      e,\n      i,\n      k,\n      len,\n      xd,\n      yd,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // If either is zero...\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) {\n      // Return x if y is zero.\n      // Return y if y is non-zero.\n      if (!y.s) y = new Ctor(x);\n      return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    }\n    xd = x.d;\n    yd = y.d;\n\n    // x and y are finite, non-zero numbers with the same sign.\n\n    k = x.e;\n    e = y.e;\n    xd = xd.slice();\n    i = k - e;\n\n    // If base 1e7 exponents differ...\n    if (i) {\n      if (i < 0) {\n        d = xd;\n        i = -i;\n        len = yd.length;\n      } else {\n        d = yd;\n        e = k;\n        len = xd.length;\n      }\n\n      // Limit number of zeros prepended to max(ceil(pr / LOG_BASE), len) + 1.\n      k = Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE);\n      len = k > len ? k + 1 : len + 1;\n      if (i > len) {\n        i = len;\n        d.length = 1;\n      }\n\n      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents. Note: Faster to use reverse then do unshifts.\n      d.reverse();\n      for (; i--;) {\n        d.push(0);\n      }\n      d.reverse();\n    }\n    len = xd.length;\n    i = yd.length;\n\n    // If yd is longer than xd, swap xd and yd so xd points to the longer array.\n    if (len - i < 0) {\n      i = len;\n      d = yd;\n      yd = xd;\n      xd = d;\n    }\n\n    // Only start adding at yd.length - 1 as the further digits of xd can be left as they are.\n    for (carry = 0; i;) {\n      carry = (xd[--i] = xd[i] + yd[i] + carry) / BASE | 0;\n      xd[i] %= BASE;\n    }\n    if (carry) {\n      xd.unshift(carry);\n      ++e;\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0\n    for (len = xd.length; xd[--len] == 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n    y.d = xd;\n    y.e = e;\n    return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n  }\n  function checkInt32(i, min, max) {\n    if (i !== ~~i || i < min || i > max) {\n      throw Error(invalidArgument + i);\n    }\n  }\n  function digitsToString(d) {\n    var i,\n      k,\n      ws,\n      indexOfLastWord = d.length - 1,\n      str = '',\n      w = d[0];\n    if (indexOfLastWord > 0) {\n      str += w;\n      for (i = 1; i < indexOfLastWord; i++) {\n        ws = d[i] + '';\n        k = LOG_BASE - ws.length;\n        if (k) str += getZeroString(k);\n        str += ws;\n      }\n      w = d[i];\n      ws = w + '';\n      k = LOG_BASE - ws.length;\n      if (k) str += getZeroString(k);\n    } else if (w === 0) {\n      return '0';\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros of last w.\n    for (; w % 10 === 0;) {\n      w /= 10;\n    }\n    return str + w;\n  }\n  var divide = function () {\n    // Assumes non-zero x and k, and hence non-zero result.\n    function multiplyInteger(x, k) {\n      var temp,\n        carry = 0,\n        i = x.length;\n      for (x = x.slice(); i--;) {\n        temp = x[i] * k + carry;\n        x[i] = temp % BASE | 0;\n        carry = temp / BASE | 0;\n      }\n      if (carry) x.unshift(carry);\n      return x;\n    }\n    function compare(a, b, aL, bL) {\n      var i, r;\n      if (aL != bL) {\n        r = aL > bL ? 1 : -1;\n      } else {\n        for (i = r = 0; i < aL; i++) {\n          if (a[i] != b[i]) {\n            r = a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      return r;\n    }\n    function subtract(a, b, aL) {\n      var i = 0;\n\n      // Subtract b from a.\n      for (; aL--;) {\n        a[aL] -= i;\n        i = a[aL] < b[aL] ? 1 : 0;\n        a[aL] = i * BASE + a[aL] - b[aL];\n      }\n\n      // Remove leading zeros.\n      for (; !a[0] && a.length > 1;) {\n        a.shift();\n      }\n    }\n    return function (x, y, pr, dp) {\n      var cmp,\n        e,\n        i,\n        k,\n        prod,\n        prodL,\n        q,\n        qd,\n        rem,\n        remL,\n        rem0,\n        sd,\n        t,\n        xi,\n        xL,\n        yd0,\n        yL,\n        yz,\n        Ctor = x.constructor,\n        sign = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,\n        xd = x.d,\n        yd = y.d;\n\n      // Either 0?\n      if (!x.s) return new Ctor(x);\n      if (!y.s) throw Error(decimalError + 'Division by zero');\n      e = x.e - y.e;\n      yL = yd.length;\n      xL = xd.length;\n      q = new Ctor(sign);\n      qd = q.d = [];\n\n      // Result exponent may be one less than e.\n      for (i = 0; yd[i] == (xd[i] || 0);) {\n        ++i;\n      }\n      if (yd[i] > (xd[i] || 0)) --e;\n      if (pr == null) {\n        sd = pr = Ctor.precision;\n      } else if (dp) {\n        sd = pr + (getBase10Exponent(x) - getBase10Exponent(y)) + 1;\n      } else {\n        sd = pr;\n      }\n      if (sd < 0) return new Ctor(0);\n\n      // Convert precision in number of base 10 digits to base 1e7 digits.\n      sd = sd / LOG_BASE + 2 | 0;\n      i = 0;\n\n      // divisor < 1e7\n      if (yL == 1) {\n        k = 0;\n        yd = yd[0];\n        sd++;\n\n        // k is the carry.\n        for (; (i < xL || k) && sd--; i++) {\n          t = k * BASE + (xd[i] || 0);\n          qd[i] = t / yd | 0;\n          k = t % yd | 0;\n        }\n\n        // divisor >= 1e7\n      } else {\n        // Normalise xd and yd so highest order digit of yd is >= BASE/2\n        k = BASE / (yd[0] + 1) | 0;\n        if (k > 1) {\n          yd = multiplyInteger(yd, k);\n          xd = multiplyInteger(xd, k);\n          yL = yd.length;\n          xL = xd.length;\n        }\n        xi = yL;\n        rem = xd.slice(0, yL);\n        remL = rem.length;\n\n        // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.\n        for (; remL < yL;) {\n          rem[remL++] = 0;\n        }\n        yz = yd.slice();\n        yz.unshift(0);\n        yd0 = yd[0];\n        if (yd[1] >= BASE / 2) ++yd0;\n        do {\n          k = 0;\n\n          // Compare divisor and remainder.\n          cmp = compare(yd, rem, yL, remL);\n\n          // If divisor < remainder.\n          if (cmp < 0) {\n            // Calculate trial digit, k.\n            rem0 = rem[0];\n            if (yL != remL) rem0 = rem0 * BASE + (rem[1] || 0);\n\n            // k will be how many times the divisor goes into the current remainder.\n            k = rem0 / yd0 | 0;\n\n            //  Algorithm:\n            //  1. product = divisor * trial digit (k)\n            //  2. if product > remainder: product -= divisor, k--\n            //  3. remainder -= product\n            //  4. if product was < remainder at 2:\n            //    5. compare new remainder and divisor\n            //    6. If remainder > divisor: remainder -= divisor, k++\n\n            if (k > 1) {\n              if (k >= BASE) k = BASE - 1;\n\n              // product = divisor * trial digit.\n              prod = multiplyInteger(yd, k);\n              prodL = prod.length;\n              remL = rem.length;\n\n              // Compare product and remainder.\n              cmp = compare(prod, rem, prodL, remL);\n\n              // product > remainder.\n              if (cmp == 1) {\n                k--;\n\n                // Subtract divisor from product.\n                subtract(prod, yL < prodL ? yz : yd, prodL);\n              }\n            } else {\n              // cmp is -1.\n              // If k is 0, there is no need to compare yd and rem again below, so change cmp to 1\n              // to avoid it. If k is 1 there is a need to compare yd and rem again below.\n              if (k == 0) cmp = k = 1;\n              prod = yd.slice();\n            }\n            prodL = prod.length;\n            if (prodL < remL) prod.unshift(0);\n\n            // Subtract product from remainder.\n            subtract(rem, prod, remL);\n\n            // If product was < previous remainder.\n            if (cmp == -1) {\n              remL = rem.length;\n\n              // Compare divisor and new remainder.\n              cmp = compare(yd, rem, yL, remL);\n\n              // If divisor < new remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.\n              if (cmp < 1) {\n                k++;\n\n                // Subtract divisor from remainder.\n                subtract(rem, yL < remL ? yz : yd, remL);\n              }\n            }\n            remL = rem.length;\n          } else if (cmp === 0) {\n            k++;\n            rem = [0];\n          } // if cmp === 1, k will be 0\n\n          // Add the next digit, k, to the result array.\n          qd[i++] = k;\n\n          // Update the remainder.\n          if (cmp && rem[0]) {\n            rem[remL++] = xd[xi] || 0;\n          } else {\n            rem = [xd[xi]];\n            remL = 1;\n          }\n        } while ((xi++ < xL || rem[0] !== void 0) && sd--);\n      }\n\n      // Leading zero?\n      if (!qd[0]) qd.shift();\n      q.e = e;\n      return round(q, dp ? pr + getBase10Exponent(q) + 1 : pr);\n    };\n  }();\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural exponential of `x` truncated to `sd`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * Taylor/Maclaurin series.\r\n   *\r\n   * exp(x) = x^0/0! + x^1/1! + x^2/2! + x^3/3! + ...\r\n   *\r\n   * Argument reduction:\r\n   *   Repeat x = x / 32, k += 5, until |x| < 0.1\r\n   *   exp(x) = exp(x / 2^k)^(2^k)\r\n   *\r\n   * Previously, the argument was initially reduced by\r\n   * exp(x) = exp(r) * 10^k  where r = x - k * ln10, k = floor(x / ln10)\r\n   * to first put r in the range [0, ln10], before dividing by 32 until |x| < 0.1, but this was\r\n   * found to be slower than just dividing repeatedly by 32 as above.\r\n   *\r\n   * (Math object integer min/max: Math.exp(709) = 8.2e+307, Math.exp(-745) = 5e-324)\r\n   *\r\n   *  exp(x) is non-terminating for any finite, non-zero x.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function exp(x, sd) {\n    var denominator,\n      guard,\n      pow,\n      sum,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      i = 0,\n      k = 0,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n    if (getBase10Exponent(x) > 16) throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + getBase10Exponent(x));\n\n    // exp(0) = 1\n    if (!x.s) return new Ctor(ONE);\n    if (sd == null) {\n      external = false;\n      wpr = pr;\n    } else {\n      wpr = sd;\n    }\n    t = new Ctor(0.03125);\n    while (x.abs().gte(0.1)) {\n      x = x.times(t); // x = x / 2^5\n      k += 5;\n    }\n\n    // Estimate the precision increase necessary to ensure the first 4 rounding digits are correct.\n    guard = Math.log(mathpow(2, k)) / Math.LN10 * 2 + 5 | 0;\n    wpr += guard;\n    denominator = pow = sum = new Ctor(ONE);\n    Ctor.precision = wpr;\n    for (;;) {\n      pow = round(pow.times(x), wpr);\n      denominator = denominator.times(++i);\n      t = sum.plus(divide(pow, denominator, wpr));\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === digitsToString(sum.d).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        while (k--) {\n          sum = round(sum.times(sum), wpr);\n        }\n        Ctor.precision = pr;\n        return sd == null ? (external = true, round(sum, pr)) : sum;\n      }\n      sum = t;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Calculate the base 10 exponent from the base 1e7 exponent.\n  function getBase10Exponent(x) {\n    var e = x.e * LOG_BASE,\n      w = x.d[0];\n\n    // Add the number of digits of the first word of the digits array.\n    for (; w >= 10; w /= 10) {\n      e++;\n    }\n    return e;\n  }\n  function getLn10(Ctor, sd, pr) {\n    if (sd > Ctor.LN10.sd()) {\n      // Reset global state in case the exception is caught.\n      external = true;\n      if (pr) Ctor.precision = pr;\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'LN10 precision limit exceeded');\n    }\n    return round(new Ctor(Ctor.LN10), sd);\n  }\n  function getZeroString(k) {\n    var zs = '';\n    for (; k--;) {\n      zs += '0';\n    }\n    return zs;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural logarithm of `x` truncated to `sd` significant\r\n   * digits.\r\n   *\r\n   *  ln(n) is non-terminating (n != 1)\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function ln(y, sd) {\n    var c,\n      c0,\n      denominator,\n      e,\n      numerator,\n      sum,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      x2,\n      n = 1,\n      guard = 10,\n      x = y,\n      xd = x.d,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // ln(-x) = NaN\n    // ln(0) = -Infinity\n    if (x.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + (x.s ? 'NaN' : '-Infinity'));\n\n    // ln(1) = 0\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return new Ctor(0);\n    if (sd == null) {\n      external = false;\n      wpr = pr;\n    } else {\n      wpr = sd;\n    }\n    if (x.eq(10)) {\n      if (sd == null) external = true;\n      return getLn10(Ctor, wpr);\n    }\n    wpr += guard;\n    Ctor.precision = wpr;\n    c = digitsToString(xd);\n    c0 = c.charAt(0);\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n    if (Math.abs(e) < 1.5e15) {\n      // Argument reduction.\n      // The series converges faster the closer the argument is to 1, so using\n      // ln(a^b) = b * ln(a),   ln(a) = ln(a^b) / b\n      // multiply the argument by itself until the leading digits of the significand are 7, 8, 9,\n      // 10, 11, 12 or 13, recording the number of multiplications so the sum of the series can\n      // later be divided by this number, then separate out the power of 10 using\n      // ln(a*10^b) = ln(a) + b*ln(10).\n\n      // max n is 21 (gives 0.9, 1.0 or 1.1) (9e15 / 21 = 4.2e14).\n      //while (c0 < 9 && c0 != 1 || c0 == 1 && c.charAt(1) > 1) {\n      // max n is 6 (gives 0.7 - 1.3)\n      while (c0 < 7 && c0 != 1 || c0 == 1 && c.charAt(1) > 3) {\n        x = x.times(y);\n        c = digitsToString(x.d);\n        c0 = c.charAt(0);\n        n++;\n      }\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      if (c0 > 1) {\n        x = new Ctor('0.' + c);\n        e++;\n      } else {\n        x = new Ctor(c0 + '.' + c.slice(1));\n      }\n    } else {\n      // The argument reduction method above may result in overflow if the argument y is a massive\n      // number with exponent >= 1500000000000000 (9e15 / 6 = 1.5e15), so instead recall this\n      // function using ln(x*10^e) = ln(x) + e*ln(10).\n      t = getLn10(Ctor, wpr + 2, pr).times(e + '');\n      x = ln(new Ctor(c0 + '.' + c.slice(1)), wpr - guard).plus(t);\n      Ctor.precision = pr;\n      return sd == null ? (external = true, round(x, pr)) : x;\n    }\n\n    // x is reduced to a value near 1.\n\n    // Taylor series.\n    // ln(y) = ln((1 + x)/(1 - x)) = 2(x + x^3/3 + x^5/5 + x^7/7 + ...)\n    // where x = (y - 1)/(y + 1)    (|x| < 1)\n    sum = numerator = x = divide(x.minus(ONE), x.plus(ONE), wpr);\n    x2 = round(x.times(x), wpr);\n    denominator = 3;\n    for (;;) {\n      numerator = round(numerator.times(x2), wpr);\n      t = sum.plus(divide(numerator, new Ctor(denominator), wpr));\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === digitsToString(sum.d).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        sum = sum.times(2);\n\n        // Reverse the argument reduction.\n        if (e !== 0) sum = sum.plus(getLn10(Ctor, wpr + 2, pr).times(e + ''));\n        sum = divide(sum, new Ctor(n), wpr);\n        Ctor.precision = pr;\n        return sd == null ? (external = true, round(sum, pr)) : sum;\n      }\n      sum = t;\n      denominator += 2;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Parse the value of a new Decimal `x` from string `str`.\r\n   */\n  function parseDecimal(x, str) {\n    var e, i, len;\n\n    // Decimal point?\n    if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');\n\n    // Exponential form?\n    if ((i = str.search(/e/i)) > 0) {\n      // Determine exponent.\n      if (e < 0) e = i;\n      e += +str.slice(i + 1);\n      str = str.substring(0, i);\n    } else if (e < 0) {\n      // Integer.\n      e = str.length;\n    }\n\n    // Determine leading zeros.\n    for (i = 0; str.charCodeAt(i) === 48;) {\n      ++i;\n    }\n\n    // Determine trailing zeros.\n    for (len = str.length; str.charCodeAt(len - 1) === 48;) {\n      --len;\n    }\n    str = str.slice(i, len);\n    if (str) {\n      len -= i;\n      e = e - i - 1;\n      x.e = mathfloor(e / LOG_BASE);\n      x.d = [];\n\n      // Transform base\n\n      // e is the base 10 exponent.\n      // i is where to slice str to get the first word of the digits array.\n      i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;\n      if (e < 0) i += LOG_BASE;\n      if (i < len) {\n        if (i) x.d.push(+str.slice(0, i));\n        for (len -= LOG_BASE; i < len;) {\n          x.d.push(+str.slice(i, i += LOG_BASE));\n        }\n        str = str.slice(i);\n        i = LOG_BASE - str.length;\n      } else {\n        i -= len;\n      }\n      for (; i--;) {\n        str += '0';\n      }\n      x.d.push(+str);\n      if (external && (x.e > MAX_E || x.e < -MAX_E)) throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + e);\n    } else {\n      // Zero.\n      x.s = 0;\n      x.e = 0;\n      x.d = [0];\n    }\n    return x;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Round `x` to `sd` significant digits, using rounding mode `rm` if present (truncate otherwise).\r\n   */\n  function round(x, sd, rm) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      n,\n      rd,\n      doRound,\n      w,\n      xdi,\n      xd = x.d;\n\n    // rd: the rounding digit, i.e. the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.\n    // w: the word of xd which contains the rounding digit, a base 1e7 number.\n    // xdi: the index of w within xd.\n    // n: the number of digits of w.\n    // i: what would be the index of rd within w if all the numbers were 7 digits long (i.e. if\n    // they had leading zeros)\n    // j: if > 0, the actual index of rd within w (if < 0, rd is a leading zero).\n\n    // Get the length of the first word of the digits array xd.\n    for (n = 1, k = xd[0]; k >= 10; k /= 10) {\n      n++;\n    }\n    i = sd - n;\n\n    // Is the rounding digit in the first word of xd?\n    if (i < 0) {\n      i += LOG_BASE;\n      j = sd;\n      w = xd[xdi = 0];\n    } else {\n      xdi = Math.ceil((i + 1) / LOG_BASE);\n      k = xd.length;\n      if (xdi >= k) return x;\n      w = k = xd[xdi];\n\n      // Get the number of digits of w.\n      for (n = 1; k >= 10; k /= 10) {\n        n++;\n      }\n\n      // Get the index of rd within w.\n      i %= LOG_BASE;\n\n      // Get the index of rd within w, adjusted for leading zeros.\n      // The number of leading zeros of w is given by LOG_BASE - n.\n      j = i - LOG_BASE + n;\n    }\n    if (rm !== void 0) {\n      k = mathpow(10, n - j - 1);\n\n      // Get the rounding digit at index j of w.\n      rd = w / k % 10 | 0;\n\n      // Are there any non-zero digits after the rounding digit?\n      doRound = sd < 0 || xd[xdi + 1] !== void 0 || w % k;\n\n      // The expression `w % mathpow(10, n - j - 1)` returns all the digits of w to the right of the\n      // digit at (left-to-right) index j, e.g. if w is 908714 and j is 2, the expression will give\n      // 714.\n\n      doRound = rm < 4 ? (rd || doRound) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2)) : rd > 5 || rd == 5 && (rm == 4 || doRound || rm == 6 &&\n      // Check whether the digit to the left of the rounding digit is odd.\n      (i > 0 ? j > 0 ? w / mathpow(10, n - j) : 0 : xd[xdi - 1]) % 10 & 1 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));\n    }\n    if (sd < 1 || !xd[0]) {\n      if (doRound) {\n        k = getBase10Exponent(x);\n        xd.length = 1;\n\n        // Convert sd to decimal places.\n        sd = sd - k - 1;\n\n        // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.\n        xd[0] = mathpow(10, (LOG_BASE - sd % LOG_BASE) % LOG_BASE);\n        x.e = mathfloor(-sd / LOG_BASE) || 0;\n      } else {\n        xd.length = 1;\n\n        // Zero.\n        xd[0] = x.e = x.s = 0;\n      }\n      return x;\n    }\n\n    // Remove excess digits.\n    if (i == 0) {\n      xd.length = xdi;\n      k = 1;\n      xdi--;\n    } else {\n      xd.length = xdi + 1;\n      k = mathpow(10, LOG_BASE - i);\n\n      // E.g. 56700 becomes 56000 if 7 is the rounding digit.\n      // j > 0 means i > number of leading zeros of w.\n      xd[xdi] = j > 0 ? (w / mathpow(10, n - j) % mathpow(10, j) | 0) * k : 0;\n    }\n    if (doRound) {\n      for (;;) {\n        // Is the digit to be rounded up in the first word of xd?\n        if (xdi == 0) {\n          if ((xd[0] += k) == BASE) {\n            xd[0] = 1;\n            ++x.e;\n          }\n          break;\n        } else {\n          xd[xdi] += k;\n          if (xd[xdi] != BASE) break;\n          xd[xdi--] = 0;\n          k = 1;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (i = xd.length; xd[--i] === 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n    if (external && (x.e > MAX_E || x.e < -MAX_E)) {\n      throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + getBase10Exponent(x));\n    }\n    return x;\n  }\n  function subtract(x, y) {\n    var d,\n      e,\n      i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      len,\n      xd,\n      xe,\n      xLTy,\n      yd,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // Return y negated if x is zero.\n    // Return x if y is zero and x is non-zero.\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) {\n      if (y.s) y.s = -y.s;else y = new Ctor(x);\n      return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    }\n    xd = x.d;\n    yd = y.d;\n\n    // x and y are non-zero numbers with the same sign.\n\n    e = y.e;\n    xe = x.e;\n    xd = xd.slice();\n    k = xe - e;\n\n    // If exponents differ...\n    if (k) {\n      xLTy = k < 0;\n      if (xLTy) {\n        d = xd;\n        k = -k;\n        len = yd.length;\n      } else {\n        d = yd;\n        e = xe;\n        len = xd.length;\n      }\n\n      // Numbers with massively different exponents would result in a very high number of zeros\n      // needing to be prepended, but this can be avoided while still ensuring correct rounding by\n      // limiting the number of zeros to `Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE) + 2`.\n      i = Math.max(Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE), len) + 2;\n      if (k > i) {\n        k = i;\n        d.length = 1;\n      }\n\n      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.\n      d.reverse();\n      for (i = k; i--;) {\n        d.push(0);\n      }\n      d.reverse();\n\n      // Base 1e7 exponents equal.\n    } else {\n      // Check digits to determine which is the bigger number.\n\n      i = xd.length;\n      len = yd.length;\n      xLTy = i < len;\n      if (xLTy) len = i;\n      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        if (xd[i] != yd[i]) {\n          xLTy = xd[i] < yd[i];\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      k = 0;\n    }\n    if (xLTy) {\n      d = xd;\n      xd = yd;\n      yd = d;\n      y.s = -y.s;\n    }\n    len = xd.length;\n\n    // Append zeros to xd if shorter.\n    // Don't add zeros to yd if shorter as subtraction only needs to start at yd length.\n    for (i = yd.length - len; i > 0; --i) {\n      xd[len++] = 0;\n    }\n\n    // Subtract yd from xd.\n    for (i = yd.length; i > k;) {\n      if (xd[--i] < yd[i]) {\n        for (j = i; j && xd[--j] === 0;) {\n          xd[j] = BASE - 1;\n        }\n        --xd[j];\n        xd[i] += BASE;\n      }\n      xd[i] -= yd[i];\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (; xd[--len] === 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n\n    // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.\n    for (; xd[0] === 0; xd.shift()) {\n      --e;\n    }\n\n    // Zero?\n    if (!xd[0]) return new Ctor(0);\n    y.d = xd;\n    y.e = e;\n\n    //return external && xd.length >= pr / LOG_BASE ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n  }\n  function toString(x, isExp, sd) {\n    var k,\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x),\n      str = digitsToString(x.d),\n      len = str.length;\n    if (isExp) {\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) {\n        str = str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1) + getZeroString(k);\n      } else if (len > 1) {\n        str = str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1);\n      }\n      str = str + (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;\n    } else if (e < 0) {\n      str = '0.' + getZeroString(-e - 1) + str;\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) str += getZeroString(k);\n    } else if (e >= len) {\n      str += getZeroString(e + 1 - len);\n      if (sd && (k = sd - e - 1) > 0) str = str + '.' + getZeroString(k);\n    } else {\n      if ((k = e + 1) < len) str = str.slice(0, k) + '.' + str.slice(k);\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) {\n        if (e + 1 === len) str += '.';\n        str += getZeroString(k);\n      }\n    }\n    return x.s < 0 ? '-' + str : str;\n  }\n\n  // Does not strip trailing zeros.\n  function truncate(arr, len) {\n    if (arr.length > len) {\n      arr.length = len;\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Decimal methods\n\n  /*\r\n   *  clone\r\n   *  config/set\r\n   */\n\n  /*\r\n   * Create and return a Decimal constructor with the same configuration properties as this Decimal\r\n   * constructor.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function clone(obj) {\n    var i, p, ps;\n\n    /*\r\n     * The Decimal constructor and exported function.\r\n     * Return a new Decimal instance.\r\n     *\r\n     * value {number|string|Decimal} A numeric value.\r\n     *\r\n     */\n    function Decimal(value) {\n      var x = this;\n\n      // Decimal called without new.\n      if (!(x instanceof Decimal)) return new Decimal(value);\n\n      // Retain a reference to this Decimal constructor, and shadow Decimal.prototype.constructor\n      // which points to Object.\n      x.constructor = Decimal;\n\n      // Duplicate.\n      if (value instanceof Decimal) {\n        x.s = value.s;\n        x.e = value.e;\n        x.d = (value = value.d) ? value.slice() : value;\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof value === 'number') {\n        // Reject Infinity/NaN.\n        if (value * 0 !== 0) {\n          throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n        }\n        if (value > 0) {\n          x.s = 1;\n        } else if (value < 0) {\n          value = -value;\n          x.s = -1;\n        } else {\n          x.s = 0;\n          x.e = 0;\n          x.d = [0];\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // Fast path for small integers.\n        if (value === ~~value && value < 1e7) {\n          x.e = 0;\n          x.d = [value];\n          return;\n        }\n        return parseDecimal(x, value.toString());\n      } else if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n        throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n      }\n\n      // Minus sign?\n      if (value.charCodeAt(0) === 45) {\n        value = value.slice(1);\n        x.s = -1;\n      } else {\n        x.s = 1;\n      }\n      if (isDecimal.test(value)) parseDecimal(x, value);else throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n    }\n    Decimal.prototype = P;\n    Decimal.ROUND_UP = 0;\n    Decimal.ROUND_DOWN = 1;\n    Decimal.ROUND_CEIL = 2;\n    Decimal.ROUND_FLOOR = 3;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP = 4;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN = 5;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN = 6;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_CEIL = 7;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_FLOOR = 8;\n    Decimal.clone = clone;\n    Decimal.config = Decimal.set = config;\n    if (obj === void 0) obj = {};\n    if (obj) {\n      ps = ['precision', 'rounding', 'toExpNeg', 'toExpPos', 'LN10'];\n      for (i = 0; i < ps.length;) {\n        if (!obj.hasOwnProperty(p = ps[i++])) obj[p] = this[p];\n      }\n    }\n    Decimal.config(obj);\n    return Decimal;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Configure global settings for a Decimal constructor.\r\n   *\r\n   * `obj` is an object with one or more of the following properties,\r\n   *\r\n   *   precision  {number}\r\n   *   rounding   {number}\r\n   *   toExpNeg   {number}\r\n   *   toExpPos   {number}\r\n   *\r\n   * E.g. Decimal.config({ precision: 20, rounding: 4 })\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function config(obj) {\n    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'Object expected');\n    }\n    var i,\n      p,\n      v,\n      ps = ['precision', 1, MAX_DIGITS, 'rounding', 0, 8, 'toExpNeg', -1 / 0, 0, 'toExpPos', 0, 1 / 0];\n    for (i = 0; i < ps.length; i += 3) {\n      if ((v = obj[p = ps[i]]) !== void 0) {\n        if (mathfloor(v) === v && v >= ps[i + 1] && v <= ps[i + 2]) this[p] = v;else throw Error(invalidArgument + p + ': ' + v);\n      }\n    }\n    if ((v = obj[p = 'LN10']) !== void 0) {\n      if (v == Math.LN10) this[p] = new this(v);else throw Error(invalidArgument + p + ': ' + v);\n    }\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  // Create and configure initial Decimal constructor.\n  Decimal = clone(Decimal);\n  Decimal['default'] = Decimal.Decimal = Decimal;\n\n  // Internal constant.\n  ONE = new Decimal(1);\n\n  // Export.\n\n  // AMD.\n  if (typeof define == 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return Decimal;\n    });\n\n    // Node and other environments that support module.exports.\n  } else if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) {\n    module.exports = Decimal;\n\n    // Browser.\n  } else {\n    if (!globalScope) {\n      globalScope = typeof self != 'undefined' && self && self.self == self ? self : Function('return this')();\n    }\n    globalScope.Decimal = Decimal;\n  }\n})(this);","require(\"core-js/modules/esnext.global-this.js\");\n(function (global, factory) {\n  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) : (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, factory(global[\"fast-equals\"] = {}));\n})(this, function (exports) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  var HAS_WEAKSET_SUPPORT = typeof WeakSet === 'function';\n  var keys = Object.keys;\n  /**\r\n   * are the values passed strictly equal or both NaN\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the value to compare against\r\n   * @param b the value to test\r\n   * @returns are the values equal by the SameValueZero principle\r\n   */\n  function sameValueZeroEqual(a, b) {\n    return a === b || a !== a && b !== b;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value a plain object\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value a plain object\r\n   */\n  function isPlainObject(value) {\n    return value.constructor === Object || value.constructor == null;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value promise-like (meaning it is thenable)\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value promise-like\r\n   */\n  function isPromiseLike(value) {\n    return !!value && typeof value.then === 'function';\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value passed a react element\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value a react element\r\n   */\n  function isReactElement(value) {\n    return !!(value && value.$$typeof);\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * in cases where WeakSet is not supported, creates a new custom\r\n   * object that mimics the necessary API aspects for cache purposes\r\n   *\r\n   * @returns the new cache object\r\n   */\n  function getNewCacheFallback() {\n    var values = [];\n    return {\n      add: function add(value) {\n        values.push(value);\n      },\n      has: function has(value) {\n        return values.indexOf(value) !== -1;\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * get a new cache object to prevent circular references\r\n   *\r\n   * @returns the new cache object\r\n   */\n  var getNewCache = function (canUseWeakMap) {\n    if (canUseWeakMap) {\n      return function _getNewCache() {\n        return new WeakSet();\n      };\n    }\n    return getNewCacheFallback;\n  }(HAS_WEAKSET_SUPPORT);\n  /**\r\n   * create a custom isEqual handler specific to circular objects\r\n   *\r\n   * @param [isEqual] the isEqual comparator to use instead of isDeepEqual\r\n   * @returns the method to create the `isEqual` function\r\n   */\n  function createCircularEqualCreator(isEqual) {\n    return function createCircularEqual(comparator) {\n      var _comparator = isEqual || comparator;\n      return function circularEqual(a, b, cache) {\n        if (cache === void 0) {\n          cache = getNewCache();\n        }\n        var isCacheableA = !!a && typeof a === 'object';\n        var isCacheableB = !!b && typeof b === 'object';\n        if (isCacheableA || isCacheableB) {\n          var hasA = isCacheableA && cache.has(a);\n          var hasB = isCacheableB && cache.has(b);\n          if (hasA || hasB) {\n            return hasA && hasB;\n          }\n          if (isCacheableA) {\n            cache.add(a);\n          }\n          if (isCacheableB) {\n            cache.add(b);\n          }\n        }\n        return _comparator(a, b, cache);\n      };\n    };\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the arrays equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the array to test\r\n   * @param b the array to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta object to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the arrays equal\r\n   */\n  function areArraysEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var index = a.length;\n    if (b.length !== index) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    while (index-- > 0) {\n      if (!isEqual(a[index], b[index], meta)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the maps equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the map to test\r\n   * @param b the map to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta map to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the maps equal\r\n   */\n  function areMapsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var isValueEqual = a.size === b.size;\n    if (isValueEqual && a.size) {\n      var matchedIndices_1 = {};\n      a.forEach(function (aValue, aKey) {\n        if (isValueEqual) {\n          var hasMatch_1 = false;\n          var matchIndex_1 = 0;\n          b.forEach(function (bValue, bKey) {\n            if (!hasMatch_1 && !matchedIndices_1[matchIndex_1]) {\n              hasMatch_1 = isEqual(aKey, bKey, meta) && isEqual(aValue, bValue, meta);\n              if (hasMatch_1) {\n                matchedIndices_1[matchIndex_1] = true;\n              }\n            }\n            matchIndex_1++;\n          });\n          isValueEqual = hasMatch_1;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    return isValueEqual;\n  }\n  var OWNER = '_owner';\n  var hasOwnProperty = Function.prototype.bind.call(Function.prototype.call, Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty);\n  /**\r\n   * are the objects equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the object to test\r\n   * @param b the object to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta object to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the objects equal\r\n   */\n  function areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var keysA = keys(a);\n    var index = keysA.length;\n    if (keys(b).length !== index) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    if (index) {\n      var key = void 0;\n      while (index-- > 0) {\n        key = keysA[index];\n        if (key === OWNER) {\n          var reactElementA = isReactElement(a);\n          var reactElementB = isReactElement(b);\n          if ((reactElementA || reactElementB) && reactElementA !== reactElementB) {\n            return false;\n          }\n        }\n        if (!hasOwnProperty(b, key) || !isEqual(a[key], b[key], meta)) {\n          return false;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the regExps equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the regExp to test\r\n   * @param b the regExp to test agains\r\n   * @returns are the regExps equal\r\n   */\n  function areRegExpsEqual(a, b) {\n    return a.source === b.source && a.global === b.global && a.ignoreCase === b.ignoreCase && a.multiline === b.multiline && a.unicode === b.unicode && a.sticky === b.sticky && a.lastIndex === b.lastIndex;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the sets equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the set to test\r\n   * @param b the set to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta set to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the sets equal\r\n   */\n  function areSetsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var isValueEqual = a.size === b.size;\n    if (isValueEqual && a.size) {\n      var matchedIndices_2 = {};\n      a.forEach(function (aValue) {\n        if (isValueEqual) {\n          var hasMatch_2 = false;\n          var matchIndex_2 = 0;\n          b.forEach(function (bValue) {\n            if (!hasMatch_2 && !matchedIndices_2[matchIndex_2]) {\n              hasMatch_2 = isEqual(aValue, bValue, meta);\n              if (hasMatch_2) {\n                matchedIndices_2[matchIndex_2] = true;\n              }\n            }\n            matchIndex_2++;\n          });\n          isValueEqual = hasMatch_2;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    return isValueEqual;\n  }\n  var HAS_MAP_SUPPORT = typeof Map === 'function';\n  var HAS_SET_SUPPORT = typeof Set === 'function';\n  function createComparator(createIsEqual) {\n    var isEqual = /* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */\n    typeof createIsEqual === 'function' ? createIsEqual(comparator) : comparator;\n    /* eslint-enable */\n    /**\r\n     * compare the value of the two objects and return true if they are equivalent in values\r\n     *\r\n     * @param a the value to test against\r\n     * @param b the value to test\r\n     * @param [meta] an optional meta object that is passed through to all equality test calls\r\n     * @returns are a and b equivalent in value\r\n     */\n    function comparator(a, b, meta) {\n      if (a === b) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (a && b && typeof a === 'object' && typeof b === 'object') {\n        if (isPlainObject(a) && isPlainObject(b)) {\n          return areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n        }\n        var aShape = Array.isArray(a);\n        var bShape = Array.isArray(b);\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && areArraysEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n        }\n        aShape = a instanceof Date;\n        bShape = b instanceof Date;\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && sameValueZeroEqual(a.getTime(), b.getTime());\n        }\n        aShape = a instanceof RegExp;\n        bShape = b instanceof RegExp;\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && areRegExpsEqual(a, b);\n        }\n        if (isPromiseLike(a) || isPromiseLike(b)) {\n          return a === b;\n        }\n        if (HAS_MAP_SUPPORT) {\n          aShape = a instanceof Map;\n          bShape = b instanceof Map;\n          if (aShape || bShape) {\n            return aShape === bShape && areMapsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n          }\n        }\n        if (HAS_SET_SUPPORT) {\n          aShape = a instanceof Set;\n          bShape = b instanceof Set;\n          if (aShape || bShape) {\n            return aShape === bShape && areSetsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n          }\n        }\n        return areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n      }\n      return a !== a && b !== b;\n    }\n    return comparator;\n  }\n  var deepEqual = createComparator();\n  var shallowEqual = createComparator(function () {\n    return sameValueZeroEqual;\n  });\n  var circularDeepEqual = createComparator(createCircularEqualCreator());\n  var circularShallowEqual = createComparator(createCircularEqualCreator(sameValueZeroEqual));\n  exports.circularDeepEqual = circularDeepEqual;\n  exports.circularShallowEqual = circularShallowEqual;\n  exports.createCustomEqual = createComparator;\n  exports.deepEqual = deepEqual;\n  exports.sameValueZeroEqual = sameValueZeroEqual;\n  exports.shallowEqual = shallowEqual;\n  Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', {\n    value: true\n  });\n});","(function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  if (self.fetch) {\n    return;\n  }\n  function normalizeName(name) {\n    if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n      name = name.toString();\n    }\n    if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.\\^_`|~]/i.test(name)) {\n      throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n    }\n    return name.toLowerCase();\n  }\n  function normalizeValue(value) {\n    if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n      value = value.toString();\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n  function Headers(headers) {\n    this.map = {};\n    var self = this;\n    if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n      headers.forEach(function (name, values) {\n        values.forEach(function (value) {\n          self.append(name, value);\n        });\n      });\n    } else if (headers) {\n      Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n        self.append(name, headers[name]);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n    name = normalizeName(name);\n    value = normalizeValue(value);\n    var list = this.map[name];\n    if (!list) {\n      list = [];\n      this.map[name] = list;\n    }\n    list.push(value);\n  };\n  Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n    delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n    var values = this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n    return values ? values[0] : null;\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.getAll = function (name) {\n    return this.map[normalizeName(name)] || [];\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n    return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n    this.map[normalizeName(name)] = [normalizeValue(value)];\n  };\n\n  // Instead of iterable for now.\n  Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback) {\n    var self = this;\n    Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.map).forEach(function (name) {\n      callback(name, self.map[name]);\n    });\n  };\n  function consumed(body) {\n    if (body.bodyUsed) {\n      return fetch.Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n    }\n    body.bodyUsed = true;\n  }\n  function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n    return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n      reader.onload = function () {\n        resolve(reader.result);\n      };\n      reader.onerror = function () {\n        reject(reader.error);\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n    var reader = new FileReader();\n    reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n    return fileReaderReady(reader);\n  }\n  function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n    var reader = new FileReader();\n    reader.readAsText(blob);\n    return fileReaderReady(reader);\n  }\n  var support = {\n    blob: 'FileReader' in self && 'Blob' in self && function () {\n      try {\n        new Blob();\n        return true;\n      } catch (e) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }(),\n    formData: 'FormData' in self\n  };\n  function Body() {\n    this.bodyUsed = false;\n    this._initBody = function (body) {\n      this._bodyInit = body;\n      if (typeof body === 'string') {\n        this._bodyText = body;\n      } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n        this._bodyBlob = body;\n      } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n        this._bodyFormData = body;\n      } else if (!body) {\n        this._bodyText = '';\n      } else {\n        throw new Error('unsupported BodyInit type');\n      }\n    };\n    if (support.blob) {\n      this.blob = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        if (rejected) {\n          return rejected;\n        }\n        if (this._bodyBlob) {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n        } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n          throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n        } else {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n        }\n      };\n      this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n        return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n      };\n      this.text = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        if (rejected) {\n          return rejected;\n        }\n        if (this._bodyBlob) {\n          return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n        } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n          throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n        } else {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n        }\n      };\n    } else {\n      this.text = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        return rejected ? rejected : fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n      };\n    }\n    if (support.formData) {\n      this.formData = function () {\n        return this.text().then(decode);\n      };\n    }\n    this.json = function () {\n      return this.text().then(function (text) {\n        return JSON.parse(text);\n      });\n    };\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n  var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n  function normalizeMethod(method) {\n    var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n    return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n  }\n  function Request(url, options) {\n    options = options || {};\n    this.url = url;\n    this.credentials = options.credentials || 'omit';\n    this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n    this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || 'GET');\n    this.mode = options.mode || null;\n    this.referrer = null;\n    if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && options.body) {\n      throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n    }\n    this._initBody(options.body);\n  }\n  function decode(body) {\n    var form = new FormData();\n    body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n      if (bytes) {\n        var split = bytes.split('=');\n        var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n        var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n        form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n      }\n    });\n    return form;\n  }\n  function headers(xhr) {\n    var head = new Headers();\n    var pairs = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders().trim().split('\\n');\n    pairs.forEach(function (header) {\n      var split = header.trim().split(':');\n      var key = split.shift().trim();\n      var value = split.join(':').trim();\n      head.append(key, value);\n    });\n    return head;\n  }\n  var noXhrPatch = typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject && !(window.XMLHttpRequest && new XMLHttpRequest().dispatchEvent);\n  function getXhr() {\n    // from backbone.js 1.1.2\n    // https://github.com/jashkenas/backbone/blob/1.1.2/backbone.js#L1181\n    if (noXhrPatch && !/^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i.test(this.method)) {\n      this.usingActiveXhr = true;\n      return new ActiveXObject(\"Microsoft.XMLHTTP\");\n    }\n    return new XMLHttpRequest();\n  }\n  Body.call(Request.prototype);\n  function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n    if (!options) {\n      options = {};\n    }\n    this._initBody(bodyInit);\n    this.type = 'default';\n    this.url = null;\n    this.status = options.status;\n    this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n    this.statusText = options.statusText;\n    this.headers = options.headers instanceof Headers ? options.headers : new Headers(options.headers);\n    this.url = options.url || '';\n  }\n  Body.call(Response.prototype);\n  self.Headers = Headers;\n  self.Request = Request;\n  self.Response = Response;\n  self.fetch = function (input, init) {\n    // TODO: Request constructor should accept input, init\n    var request;\n    if (Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input) && !init) {\n      request = input;\n    } else {\n      request = new Request(input, init);\n    }\n    return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n      var xhr = getXhr();\n      if (request.credentials === 'cors') {\n        xhr.withCredentials = true;\n      }\n      function responseURL() {\n        if ('responseURL' in xhr) {\n          return xhr.responseURL;\n        }\n\n        // Avoid security warnings on getResponseHeader when not allowed by CORS\n        if (/^X-Request-URL:/m.test(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders())) {\n          return xhr.getResponseHeader('X-Request-URL');\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n      function onload() {\n        if (xhr.readyState !== 4) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;\n        if (status < 100 || status > 599) {\n          reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n          return;\n        }\n        var options = {\n          status: status,\n          statusText: xhr.statusText,\n          headers: headers(xhr),\n          url: responseURL()\n        };\n        var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n        resolve(new Response(body, options));\n      }\n      xhr.onreadystatechange = onload;\n      if (!self.usingActiveXhr) {\n        xhr.onload = onload;\n        xhr.onerror = function () {\n          reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n        };\n      }\n      xhr.open(request.method, request.url, true);\n      if ('responseType' in xhr && support.blob) {\n        xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n      }\n      request.headers.forEach(function (name, values) {\n        values.forEach(function (value) {\n          xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n        });\n      });\n      xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n    });\n  };\n  fetch.Promise = self.Promise; // you could change it to your favorite alternative\n  self.fetch.polyfill = true;\n})();","require(\"core-js/modules/esnext.global-this.js\");\n(function (global) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  function fetchPonyfill(options) {\n    var Promise = options && options.Promise || global.Promise;\n    var XMLHttpRequest = options && options.XMLHttpRequest || global.XMLHttpRequest;\n    return function () {\n      var globalThis = Object.create(global, {\n        fetch: {\n          value: undefined,\n          writable: true\n        }\n      });\n      (function (global, factory) {\n        typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) : factory(global.WHATWGFetch = {});\n      })(this, function (exports) {\n        'use strict';\n\n        var global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' && globalThis || typeof self !== 'undefined' && self || typeof global !== 'undefined' && global;\n        var support = {\n          searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in global,\n          iterable: 'Symbol' in global && 'iterator' in Symbol,\n          blob: 'FileReader' in global && 'Blob' in global && function () {\n            try {\n              new Blob();\n              return true;\n            } catch (e) {\n              return false;\n            }\n          }(),\n          formData: 'FormData' in global,\n          arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in global\n        };\n        function isDataView(obj) {\n          return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj);\n        }\n        if (support.arrayBuffer) {\n          var viewClasses = ['[object Int8Array]', '[object Uint8Array]', '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', '[object Int16Array]', '[object Uint16Array]', '[object Int32Array]', '[object Uint32Array]', '[object Float32Array]', '[object Float64Array]'];\n          var isArrayBufferView = ArrayBuffer.isView || function (obj) {\n            return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1;\n          };\n        }\n        function normalizeName(name) {\n          if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n            name = String(name);\n          }\n          if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') {\n            throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n          }\n          return name.toLowerCase();\n        }\n        function normalizeValue(value) {\n          if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n            value = String(value);\n          }\n          return value;\n        }\n\n        // Build a destructive iterator for the value list\n        function iteratorFor(items) {\n          var iterator = {\n            next: function next() {\n              var value = items.shift();\n              return {\n                done: value === undefined,\n                value: value\n              };\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.iterable) {\n            iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function () {\n              return iterator;\n            };\n          }\n          return iterator;\n        }\n        function Headers(headers) {\n          this.map = {};\n          if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n            headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              this.append(name, value);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {\n            headers.forEach(function (header) {\n              this.append(header[0], header[1]);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (headers) {\n            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n              this.append(name, headers[name]);\n            }, this);\n          }\n        }\n        Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          value = normalizeValue(value);\n          var oldValue = this.map[name];\n          this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ', ' + value : value;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n          delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n          return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n          this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {\n          for (var name in this.map) {\n            if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\n              callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);\n            }\n          }\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.keys = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push(name);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.values = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value) {\n            items.push(value);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.entries = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push([name, value]);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        if (support.iterable) {\n          Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;\n        }\n        function consumed(body) {\n          if (body.bodyUsed) {\n            return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n          }\n          body.bodyUsed = true;\n        }\n        function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            reader.onload = function () {\n              resolve(reader.result);\n            };\n            reader.onerror = function () {\n              reject(reader.error);\n            };\n          });\n        }\n        function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsText(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {\n          var view = new Uint8Array(buf);\n          var chars = new Array(view.length);\n          for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {\n            chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);\n          }\n          return chars.join('');\n        }\n        function bufferClone(buf) {\n          if (buf.slice) {\n            return buf.slice(0);\n          } else {\n            var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);\n            view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));\n            return view.buffer;\n          }\n        }\n        function Body() {\n          this.bodyUsed = false;\n          this._initBody = function (body) {\n            /*\n              fetch-mock wraps the Response object in an ES6 Proxy to\n              provide useful test harness features such as flush. However, on\n              ES5 browsers without fetch or Proxy support pollyfills must be used;\n              the proxy-pollyfill is unable to proxy an attribute unless it exists\n              on the object before the Proxy is created. This change ensures\n              Response.bodyUsed exists on the instance, while maintaining the\n              semantic of setting Request.bodyUsed in the constructor before\n              _initBody is called.\n            */\n            this.bodyUsed = this.bodyUsed;\n            this._bodyInit = body;\n            if (!body) {\n              this._bodyText = '';\n            } else if (typeof body === 'string') {\n              this._bodyText = body;\n            } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyBlob = body;\n            } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyFormData = body;\n            } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyText = body.toString();\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer);\n              // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.\n              this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);\n            } else {\n              this._bodyText = body = Object.prototype.toString.call(body);\n            }\n            if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {\n              if (typeof body === 'string') {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');\n              } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);\n              } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');\n              }\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.blob) {\n            this.blob = function () {\n              var rejected = consumed(this);\n              if (rejected) {\n                return rejected;\n              }\n              if (this._bodyBlob) {\n                return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n              } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]));\n              } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n                throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n              } else {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n              }\n            };\n            this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n              if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                var isConsumed = consumed(this);\n                if (isConsumed) {\n                  return isConsumed;\n                }\n                if (ArrayBuffer.isView(this._bodyArrayBuffer)) {\n                  return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer.buffer.slice(this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset, this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset + this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteLength));\n                } else {\n                  return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer);\n                }\n              } else {\n                return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n              }\n            };\n          }\n          this.text = function () {\n            var rejected = consumed(this);\n            if (rejected) {\n              return rejected;\n            }\n            if (this._bodyBlob) {\n              return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n            } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n              return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer));\n            } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n              throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n            } else {\n              return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.formData) {\n            this.formData = function () {\n              return this.text().then(decode);\n            };\n          }\n          this.json = function () {\n            return this.text().then(JSON.parse);\n          };\n          return this;\n        }\n\n        // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n        var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n        function normalizeMethod(method) {\n          var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n          return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n        }\n        function Request(input, options) {\n          if (!(this instanceof Request)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Please use the \"new\" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');\n          }\n          options = options || {};\n          var body = options.body;\n          if (input instanceof Request) {\n            if (input.bodyUsed) {\n              throw new TypeError('Already read');\n            }\n            this.url = input.url;\n            this.credentials = input.credentials;\n            if (!options.headers) {\n              this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);\n            }\n            this.method = input.method;\n            this.mode = input.mode;\n            this.signal = input.signal;\n            if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {\n              body = input._bodyInit;\n              input.bodyUsed = true;\n            }\n          } else {\n            this.url = String(input);\n          }\n          this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'same-origin';\n          if (options.headers || !this.headers) {\n            this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          }\n          this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');\n          this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;\n          this.signal = options.signal || this.signal;\n          this.referrer = null;\n          if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {\n            throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n          }\n          this._initBody(body);\n          if (this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') {\n            if (options.cache === 'no-store' || options.cache === 'no-cache') {\n              // Search for a '_' parameter in the query string\n              var reParamSearch = /([?&])_=[^&]*/;\n              if (reParamSearch.test(this.url)) {\n                // If it already exists then set the value with the current time\n                this.url = this.url.replace(reParamSearch, '$1_=' + new Date().getTime());\n              } else {\n                // Otherwise add a new '_' parameter to the end with the current time\n                var reQueryString = /\\?/;\n                this.url += (reQueryString.test(this.url) ? '&' : '?') + '_=' + new Date().getTime();\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        Request.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Request(this, {\n            body: this._bodyInit\n          });\n        };\n        function decode(body) {\n          var form = new FormData();\n          body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n            if (bytes) {\n              var split = bytes.split('=');\n              var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n            }\n          });\n          return form;\n        }\n        function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {\n          var headers = new Headers();\n          // Replace instances of \\r\\n and \\n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space\n          // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2\n          var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\\r?\\n[\\t ]+/g, ' ');\n          // Avoiding split via regex to work around a common IE11 bug with the core-js 3.6.0 regex polyfill\n          // https://github.com/github/fetch/issues/748\n          // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/751\n          preProcessedHeaders.split('\\r').map(function (header) {\n            return header.indexOf('\\n') === 0 ? header.substr(1, header.length) : header;\n          }).forEach(function (line) {\n            var parts = line.split(':');\n            var key = parts.shift().trim();\n            if (key) {\n              var value = parts.join(':').trim();\n              headers.append(key, value);\n            }\n          });\n          return headers;\n        }\n        Body.call(Request.prototype);\n        function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n          if (!(this instanceof Response)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Please use the \"new\" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');\n          }\n          if (!options) {\n            options = {};\n          }\n          this.type = 'default';\n          this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;\n          this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n          this.statusText = 'statusText' in options ? options.statusText : '';\n          this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          this.url = options.url || '';\n          this._initBody(bodyInit);\n        }\n        Body.call(Response.prototype);\n        Response.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Response(this._bodyInit, {\n            status: this.status,\n            statusText: this.statusText,\n            headers: new Headers(this.headers),\n            url: this.url\n          });\n        };\n        Response.error = function () {\n          var response = new Response(null, {\n            status: 0,\n            statusText: ''\n          });\n          response.type = 'error';\n          return response;\n        };\n        var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];\n        Response.redirect = function (url, status) {\n          if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {\n            throw new RangeError('Invalid status code');\n          }\n          return new Response(null, {\n            status: status,\n            headers: {\n              location: url\n            }\n          });\n        };\n        exports.DOMException = global.DOMException;\n        try {\n          new exports.DOMException();\n        } catch (err) {\n          exports.DOMException = function (message, name) {\n            this.message = message;\n            this.name = name;\n            var error = Error(message);\n            this.stack = error.stack;\n          };\n          exports.DOMException.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n          exports.DOMException.prototype.constructor = exports.DOMException;\n        }\n        function fetch(input, init) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            var request = new Request(input, init);\n            if (request.signal && request.signal.aborted) {\n              return reject(new exports.DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError'));\n            }\n            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\n            function abortXhr() {\n              xhr.abort();\n            }\n            xhr.onload = function () {\n              var options = {\n                status: xhr.status,\n                statusText: xhr.statusText,\n                headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')\n              };\n              options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');\n              var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                resolve(new Response(body, options));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.onerror = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.ontimeout = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.onabort = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new exports.DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            function fixUrl(url) {\n              try {\n                return url === '' && global.location.href ? global.location.href : url;\n              } catch (e) {\n                return url;\n              }\n            }\n            xhr.open(request.method, fixUrl(request.url), true);\n            if (request.credentials === 'include') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = true;\n            } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = false;\n            }\n            if ('responseType' in xhr) {\n              if (support.blob) {\n                xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n              } else if (support.arrayBuffer && request.headers.get('Content-Type') && request.headers.get('Content-Type').indexOf('application/octet-stream') !== -1) {\n                xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';\n              }\n            }\n            if (init && typeof init.headers === 'object' && !(init.headers instanceof Headers)) {\n              Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init.headers).forEach(function (name) {\n                xhr.setRequestHeader(name, normalizeValue(init.headers[name]));\n              });\n            } else {\n              request.headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n                xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n              });\n            }\n            if (request.signal) {\n              request.signal.addEventListener('abort', abortXhr);\n              xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {\n                // DONE (success or failure)\n                if (xhr.readyState === 4) {\n                  request.signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortXhr);\n                }\n              };\n            }\n            xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n          });\n        }\n        fetch.polyfill = true;\n        if (!global.fetch) {\n          global.fetch = fetch;\n          global.Headers = Headers;\n          global.Request = Request;\n          global.Response = Response;\n        }\n        exports.Headers = Headers;\n        exports.Request = Request;\n        exports.Response = Response;\n        exports.fetch = fetch;\n        Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', {\n          value: true\n        });\n      });\n      return {\n        fetch: globalThis.fetch,\n        Headers: globalThis.Headers,\n        Request: globalThis.Request,\n        Response: globalThis.Response,\n        DOMException: globalThis.DOMException\n      };\n    }();\n  }\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return fetchPonyfill;\n    });\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    module.exports = fetchPonyfill;\n  } else {\n    global.fetchPonyfill = fetchPonyfill;\n  }\n})(typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this);","(function (global, factory) {\n  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory() : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(factory) : factory();\n})(this, function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Applies the :focus-visible polyfill at the given scope.\n   * A scope in this case is either the top-level Document or a Shadow Root.\n   *\n   * @param {(Document|ShadowRoot)} scope\n   * @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible\n   */\n  function applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(scope) {\n    var hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    var hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n    var hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\n    var inputTypesAllowlist = {\n      text: true,\n      search: true,\n      url: true,\n      tel: true,\n      email: true,\n      password: true,\n      number: true,\n      date: true,\n      month: true,\n      week: true,\n      time: true,\n      datetime: true,\n      'datetime-local': true\n    };\n\n    /**\n     * Helper function for legacy browsers and iframes which sometimes focus\n     * elements like document, body, and non-interactive SVG.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function isValidFocusTarget(el) {\n      if (el && el !== document && el.nodeName !== 'HTML' && el.nodeName !== 'BODY' && 'classList' in el && 'contains' in el.classList) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n     * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n     * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     * @return {boolean}\n     */\n    function focusTriggersKeyboardModality(el) {\n      var type = el.type;\n      var tagName = el.tagName;\n      if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesAllowlist[type] && !el.readOnly) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !el.readOnly) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (el.isContentEditable) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Add the `focus-visible` class to the given element if it was not added by\n     * the author.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function addFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n      if (el.classList.contains('focus-visible')) {\n        return;\n      }\n      el.classList.add('focus-visible');\n      el.setAttribute('data-focus-visible-added', '');\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Remove the `focus-visible` class from the given element if it was not\n     * originally added by the author.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function removeFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n      if (!el.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n        return;\n      }\n      el.classList.remove('focus-visible');\n      el.removeAttribute('data-focus-visible-added');\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n     * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n     * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n     * Apply `focus-visible` to any current active element and keep track\n     * of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n     * @param {KeyboardEvent} e\n     */\n    function onKeyDown(e) {\n      if (e.metaKey || e.altKey || e.ctrlKey) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (isValidFocusTarget(scope.activeElement)) {\n        addFocusVisibleClass(scope.activeElement);\n      }\n      hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n     * the modality away from keyboard.\n     * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n     * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n     * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onPointerDown(e) {\n      hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * On `focus`, add the `focus-visible` class to the target if:\n     * - the target received focus as a result of keyboard navigation, or\n     * - the event target is an element that will likely require interaction\n     *   via the keyboard (e.g. a text box)\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onFocus(e) {\n      // Prevent IE from focusing the document or HTML element.\n      if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(e.target)) {\n        addFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * On `blur`, remove the `focus-visible` class from the target.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onBlur(e) {\n      if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (e.target.classList.contains('focus-visible') || e.target.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n        // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n        // rapidly by a visibility change.\n        // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n        // regular focus change.\n        hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n        window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n        hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {\n          hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n        }, 100);\n        removeFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If the user changes tabs, keep track of whether or not the previously\n     * focused element had .focus-visible.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onVisibilityChange(e) {\n      if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n        // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n        // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n        // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n        // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n        if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n          hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n        }\n        addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Add a group of listeners to detect usage of any pointing devices.\n     * These listeners will be added when the polyfill first loads, and anytime\n     * the window is blurred, so that they are active when the window regains\n     * focus.\n     */\n    function addInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n      document.addEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n    }\n    function removeInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n      document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * When the polfyill first loads, assume the user is in keyboard modality.\n     * If any event is received from a pointing device (e.g. mouse, pointer,\n     * touch), turn off keyboard modality.\n     * This accounts for situations where focus enters the page from the URL bar.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onInitialPointerMove(e) {\n      // Work around a Safari quirk that fires a mousemove on <html> whenever the\n      // window blurs, even if you're tabbing out of the page. ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n      if (e.target.nodeName && e.target.nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'html') {\n        return;\n      }\n      hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n      removeInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n    }\n\n    // For some kinds of state, we are interested in changes at the global scope\n    // only. For example, global pointer input, global key presses and global\n    // visibility change should affect the state at every scope:\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibilityChange, true);\n    addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n\n    // For focus and blur, we specifically care about state changes in the local\n    // scope. This is because focus / blur events that originate from within a\n    // shadow root are not re-dispatched from the host element if it was already\n    // the active element in its own scope:\n    scope.addEventListener('focus', onFocus, true);\n    scope.addEventListener('blur', onBlur, true);\n\n    // We detect that a node is a ShadowRoot by ensuring that it is a\n    // DocumentFragment and also has a host property. This check covers native\n    // implementation and polyfill implementation transparently. If we only cared\n    // about the native implementation, we could just check if the scope was\n    // an instance of a ShadowRoot.\n    if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE && scope.host) {\n      // Since a ShadowRoot is a special kind of DocumentFragment, it does not\n      // have a root element to add a class to. So, we add this attribute to the\n      // host element instead:\n      scope.host.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n    } else if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_NODE) {\n      document.documentElement.classList.add('js-focus-visible');\n      document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n    }\n  }\n\n  // It is important to wrap all references to global window and document in\n  // these checks to support server-side rendering use cases\n  // @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/issues/199\n  if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n    // Make the polyfill helper globally available. This can be used as a signal\n    // to interested libraries that wish to coordinate with the polyfill for e.g.,\n    // applying the polyfill to a shadow root:\n    window.applyFocusVisiblePolyfill = applyFocusVisiblePolyfill;\n\n    // Notify interested libraries of the polyfill's presence, in case the\n    // polyfill was loaded lazily:\n    var event;\n    try {\n      event = new CustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready');\n    } catch (error) {\n      // IE11 does not support using CustomEvent as a constructor directly:\n      event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent');\n      event.initCustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready', false, false, {});\n    }\n    window.dispatchEvent(event);\n  }\n  if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n    // Apply the polyfill to the global document, so that no JavaScript\n    // coordination is required to use the polyfill in the top-level document:\n    applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(document);\n  }\n});","/* eslint-env browser */\nmodule.exports = typeof self == 'object' ? self.FormData : window.FormData;","import defineProperty from \"./defineProperty.js\";\nexport default function _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? Object(arguments[i]) : {};\n    var ownKeys = Object.keys(source);\n    if (typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols === 'function') {\n      ownKeys.push.apply(ownKeys, Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source).filter(function (sym) {\n        return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, sym).enumerable;\n      }));\n    }\n    ownKeys.forEach(function (key) {\n      defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}","import _typeof from \"./typeof.js\";\nimport assertThisInitialized from \"./assertThisInitialized.js\";\nexport default function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  } else if (call !== void 0) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Derived constructors may only return object or undefined\");\n  }\n  return assertThisInitialized(self);\n}","export default function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf.bind() : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}","import setPrototypeOf from \"./setPrototypeOf.js\";\nexport default function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(subClass, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  if (superClass) setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}","import _typeof from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/typeof';\nimport _objectSpread from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectSpread';\nimport _classCallCheck from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck';\nimport _createClass from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass';\nimport _possibleConstructorReturn from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/possibleConstructorReturn';\nimport _getPrototypeOf from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/getPrototypeOf';\nimport _assertThisInitialized from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/assertThisInitialized';\nimport _inherits from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/inherits';\nvar consoleLogger = {\n  type: 'logger',\n  log: function log(args) {\n    this.output('log', args);\n  },\n  warn: function warn(args) {\n    this.output('warn', args);\n  },\n  error: function error(args) {\n    this.output('error', args);\n  },\n  output: function output(type, args) {\n    if (console && console[type]) console[type].apply(console, args);\n  }\n};\nvar Logger = function () {\n  function Logger(concreteLogger) {\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Logger);\n    this.init(concreteLogger, options);\n  }\n  _createClass(Logger, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init(concreteLogger) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      this.prefix = options.prefix || 'i18next:';\n      this.logger = concreteLogger || consoleLogger;\n      this.options = options;\n      this.debug = options.debug;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"setDebug\",\n    value: function setDebug(bool) {\n      this.debug = bool;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"log\",\n    value: function log() {\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'log', '', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"warn\",\n    value: function warn() {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'warn', '', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"error\",\n    value: function error() {\n      for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n        args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'error', '');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"deprecate\",\n    value: function deprecate() {\n      for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n        args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'warn', 'WARNING DEPRECATED: ', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"forward\",\n    value: function forward(args, lvl, prefix, debugOnly) {\n      if (debugOnly && !this.debug) return null;\n      if (typeof args[0] === 'string') args[0] = \"\".concat(prefix).concat(this.prefix, \" \").concat(args[0]);\n      return this.logger[lvl](args);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"create\",\n    value: function create(moduleName) {\n      return new Logger(this.logger, _objectSpread({}, {\n        prefix: \"\".concat(this.prefix, \":\").concat(moduleName, \":\")\n      }, this.options));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Logger;\n}();\nvar baseLogger = new Logger();\nvar EventEmitter = function () {\n  function EventEmitter() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, EventEmitter);\n    this.observers = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(EventEmitter, [{\n    key: \"on\",\n    value: function on(events, listener) {\n      var _this = this;\n      events.split(' ').forEach(function (event) {\n        _this.observers[event] = _this.observers[event] || [];\n        _this.observers[event].push(listener);\n      });\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"off\",\n    value: function off(event, listener) {\n      if (!this.observers[event]) return;\n      if (!listener) {\n        delete this.observers[event];\n        return;\n      }\n      this.observers[event] = this.observers[event].filter(function (l) {\n        return l !== listener;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"emit\",\n    value: function emit(event) {\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      if (this.observers[event]) {\n        var cloned = [].concat(this.observers[event]);\n        cloned.forEach(function (observer) {\n          observer.apply(void 0, args);\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.observers['*']) {\n        var _cloned = [].concat(this.observers['*']);\n        _cloned.forEach(function (observer) {\n          observer.apply(observer, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }]);\n  return EventEmitter;\n}();\nfunction defer() {\n  var res;\n  var rej;\n  var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    res = resolve;\n    rej = reject;\n  });\n  promise.resolve = res;\n  promise.reject = rej;\n  return promise;\n}\nfunction makeString(object) {\n  if (object == null) return '';\n  return '' + object;\n}\nfunction copy(a, s, t) {\n  a.forEach(function (m) {\n    if (s[m]) t[m] = s[m];\n  });\n}\nfunction getLastOfPath(object, path, Empty) {\n  function cleanKey(key) {\n    return key && key.indexOf('###') > -1 ? key.replace(/###/g, '.') : key;\n  }\n  function canNotTraverseDeeper() {\n    return !object || typeof object === 'string';\n  }\n  var stack = typeof path !== 'string' ? [].concat(path) : path.split('.');\n  while (stack.length > 1) {\n    if (canNotTraverseDeeper()) return {};\n    var key = cleanKey(stack.shift());\n    if (!object[key] && Empty) object[key] = new Empty();\n    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {\n      object = object[key];\n    } else {\n      object = {};\n    }\n  }\n  if (canNotTraverseDeeper()) return {};\n  return {\n    obj: object,\n    k: cleanKey(stack.shift())\n  };\n}\nfunction setPath(object, path, newValue) {\n  var _getLastOfPath = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath.k;\n  obj[k] = newValue;\n}\nfunction pushPath(object, path, newValue, concat) {\n  var _getLastOfPath2 = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath2.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath2.k;\n  obj[k] = obj[k] || [];\n  if (concat) obj[k] = obj[k].concat(newValue);\n  if (!concat) obj[k].push(newValue);\n}\nfunction getPath(object, path) {\n  var _getLastOfPath3 = getLastOfPath(object, path),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath3.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath3.k;\n  if (!obj) return undefined;\n  return obj[k];\n}\nfunction getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, key) {\n  var value = getPath(data, key);\n  if (value !== undefined) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return getPath(defaultData, key);\n}\nfunction deepExtend(target, source, overwrite) {\n  for (var prop in source) {\n    if (prop !== '__proto__' && prop !== 'constructor') {\n      if (prop in target) {\n        if (typeof target[prop] === 'string' || target[prop] instanceof String || typeof source[prop] === 'string' || source[prop] instanceof String) {\n          if (overwrite) target[prop] = source[prop];\n        } else {\n          deepExtend(target[prop], source[prop], overwrite);\n        }\n      } else {\n        target[prop] = source[prop];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction regexEscape(str) {\n  return str.replace(/[\\-\\[\\]\\/\\{\\}\\(\\)\\*\\+\\?\\.\\\\\\^\\$\\|]/g, '\\\\$&');\n}\nvar _entityMap = {\n  '&': '&amp;',\n  '<': '&lt;',\n  '>': '&gt;',\n  '\"': '&quot;',\n  \"'\": '&#39;',\n  '/': '&#x2F;'\n};\nfunction escape(data) {\n  if (typeof data === 'string') {\n    return data.replace(/[&<>\"'\\/]/g, function (s) {\n      return _entityMap[s];\n    });\n  }\n  return data;\n}\nvar isIE10 = typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.navigator && window.navigator.userAgent && window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') > -1;\nfunction deepFind(obj, path) {\n  var keySeparator = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : '.';\n  if (!obj) return undefined;\n  if (obj[path]) return obj[path];\n  var paths = path.split(keySeparator);\n  var current = obj;\n  for (var i = 0; i < paths.length; ++i) {\n    if (typeof current[paths[i]] === 'string' && i + 1 < paths.length) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    if (current[paths[i]] === undefined) {\n      var j = 2;\n      var p = paths.slice(i, i + j).join(keySeparator);\n      var mix = current[p];\n      while (mix === undefined && paths.length > i + j) {\n        j++;\n        p = paths.slice(i, i + j).join(keySeparator);\n        mix = current[p];\n      }\n      if (mix === undefined) return undefined;\n      if (typeof mix === 'string') return mix;\n      if (p && typeof mix[p] === 'string') return mix[p];\n      var joinedPath = paths.slice(i + j).join(keySeparator);\n      if (joinedPath) return deepFind(mix, joinedPath, keySeparator);\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    current = current[paths[i]];\n  }\n  return current;\n}\nvar ResourceStore = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(ResourceStore, _EventEmitter);\n  function ResourceStore(data) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n      ns: ['translation'],\n      defaultNS: 'translation'\n    };\n    _classCallCheck(this, ResourceStore);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(ResourceStore).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.data = data || {};\n    _this.options = options;\n    if (_this.options.keySeparator === undefined) {\n      _this.options.keySeparator = '.';\n    }\n    if (_this.options.ignoreJSONStructure === undefined) {\n      _this.options.ignoreJSONStructure = true;\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(ResourceStore, [{\n    key: \"addNamespaces\",\n    value: function addNamespaces(ns) {\n      if (this.options.ns.indexOf(ns) < 0) {\n        this.options.ns.push(ns);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"removeNamespaces\",\n    value: function removeNamespaces(ns) {\n      var index = this.options.ns.indexOf(ns);\n      if (index > -1) {\n        this.options.ns.splice(index, 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResource\",\n    value: function getResource(lng, ns, key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var ignoreJSONStructure = options.ignoreJSONStructure !== undefined ? options.ignoreJSONStructure : this.options.ignoreJSONStructure;\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (key && typeof key !== 'string') path = path.concat(key);\n      if (key && typeof key === 'string') path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n      }\n      var result = getPath(this.data, path);\n      if (result || !ignoreJSONStructure || typeof key !== 'string') return result;\n      return deepFind(this.data && this.data[lng] && this.data[lng][ns], key, keySeparator);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResource\",\n    value: function addResource(lng, ns, key, value) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      var keySeparator = this.options.keySeparator;\n      if (keySeparator === undefined) keySeparator = '.';\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (key) path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n        value = ns;\n        ns = path[1];\n      }\n      this.addNamespaces(ns);\n      setPath(this.data, path, value);\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, key, value);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResources\",\n    value: function addResources(lng, ns, resources) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      for (var m in resources) {\n        if (typeof resources[m] === 'string' || Object.prototype.toString.apply(resources[m]) === '[object Array]') this.addResource(lng, ns, m, resources[m], {\n          silent: true\n        });\n      }\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResourceBundle\",\n    value: function addResourceBundle(lng, ns, resources, deep, overwrite) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n        deep = resources;\n        resources = ns;\n        ns = path[1];\n      }\n      this.addNamespaces(ns);\n      var pack = getPath(this.data, path) || {};\n      if (deep) {\n        deepExtend(pack, resources, overwrite);\n      } else {\n        pack = _objectSpread({}, pack, resources);\n      }\n      setPath(this.data, path, pack);\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"removeResourceBundle\",\n    value: function removeResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      if (this.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {\n        delete this.data[lng][ns];\n      }\n      this.removeNamespaces(ns);\n      this.emit('removed', lng, ns);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"hasResourceBundle\",\n    value: function hasResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      return this.getResource(lng, ns) !== undefined;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResourceBundle\",\n    value: function getResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      if (!ns) ns = this.options.defaultNS;\n      if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') return _objectSpread({}, {}, this.getResource(lng, ns));\n      return this.getResource(lng, ns);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDataByLanguage\",\n    value: function getDataByLanguage(lng) {\n      return this.data[lng];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON() {\n      return this.data;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ResourceStore;\n}(EventEmitter);\nvar postProcessor = {\n  processors: {},\n  addPostProcessor: function addPostProcessor(module) {\n    this.processors[module.name] = module;\n  },\n  handle: function handle(processors, value, key, options, translator) {\n    var _this = this;\n    processors.forEach(function (processor) {\n      if (_this.processors[processor]) value = _this.processors[processor].process(value, key, options, translator);\n    });\n    return value;\n  }\n};\nvar checkedLoadedFor = {};\nvar Translator = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(Translator, _EventEmitter);\n  function Translator(services) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Translator);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(Translator).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    copy(['resourceStore', 'languageUtils', 'pluralResolver', 'interpolator', 'backendConnector', 'i18nFormat', 'utils'], services, _assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    _this.options = options;\n    if (_this.options.keySeparator === undefined) {\n      _this.options.keySeparator = '.';\n    }\n    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('translator');\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Translator, [{\n    key: \"changeLanguage\",\n    value: function changeLanguage(lng) {\n      if (lng) this.language = lng;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"exists\",\n    value: function exists(key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n        interpolation: {}\n      };\n      var resolved = this.resolve(key, options);\n      return resolved && resolved.res !== undefined;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"extractFromKey\",\n    value: function extractFromKey(key, options) {\n      var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator !== undefined ? options.nsSeparator : this.options.nsSeparator;\n      if (nsSeparator === undefined) nsSeparator = ':';\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var namespaces = options.ns || this.options.defaultNS;\n      if (nsSeparator && key.indexOf(nsSeparator) > -1) {\n        var m = key.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n        if (m && m.length > 0) {\n          return {\n            key: key,\n            namespaces: namespaces\n          };\n        }\n        var parts = key.split(nsSeparator);\n        if (nsSeparator !== keySeparator || nsSeparator === keySeparator && this.options.ns.indexOf(parts[0]) > -1) namespaces = parts.shift();\n        key = parts.join(keySeparator);\n      }\n      if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];\n      return {\n        key: key,\n        namespaces: namespaces\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"translate\",\n    value: function translate(keys, options, lastKey) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      if (_typeof(options) !== 'object' && this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler) {\n        options = this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments);\n      }\n      if (!options) options = {};\n      if (keys === undefined || keys === null) return '';\n      if (!Array.isArray(keys)) keys = [String(keys)];\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var _this$extractFromKey = this.extractFromKey(keys[keys.length - 1], options),\n        key = _this$extractFromKey.key,\n        namespaces = _this$extractFromKey.namespaces;\n      var namespace = namespaces[namespaces.length - 1];\n      var lng = options.lng || this.language;\n      var appendNamespaceToCIMode = options.appendNamespaceToCIMode || this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;\n      if (lng && lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') {\n        if (appendNamespaceToCIMode) {\n          var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator || this.options.nsSeparator;\n          return namespace + nsSeparator + key;\n        }\n        return key;\n      }\n      var resolved = this.resolve(keys, options);\n      var res = resolved && resolved.res;\n      var resUsedKey = resolved && resolved.usedKey || key;\n      var resExactUsedKey = resolved && resolved.exactUsedKey || key;\n      var resType = Object.prototype.toString.apply(res);\n      var noObject = ['[object Number]', '[object Function]', '[object RegExp]'];\n      var joinArrays = options.joinArrays !== undefined ? options.joinArrays : this.options.joinArrays;\n      var handleAsObjectInI18nFormat = !this.i18nFormat || this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject;\n      var handleAsObject = typeof res !== 'string' && typeof res !== 'boolean' && typeof res !== 'number';\n      if (handleAsObjectInI18nFormat && res && handleAsObject && noObject.indexOf(resType) < 0 && !(typeof joinArrays === 'string' && resType === '[object Array]')) {\n        if (!options.returnObjects && !this.options.returnObjects) {\n          if (!this.options.returnedObjectHandler) {\n            this.logger.warn('accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!');\n          }\n          return this.options.returnedObjectHandler ? this.options.returnedObjectHandler(resUsedKey, res, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n            ns: namespaces\n          })) : \"key '\".concat(key, \" (\").concat(this.language, \")' returned an object instead of string.\");\n        }\n        if (keySeparator) {\n          var resTypeIsArray = resType === '[object Array]';\n          var copy = resTypeIsArray ? [] : {};\n          var newKeyToUse = resTypeIsArray ? resExactUsedKey : resUsedKey;\n          for (var m in res) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(res, m)) {\n              var deepKey = \"\".concat(newKeyToUse).concat(keySeparator).concat(m);\n              copy[m] = this.translate(deepKey, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n                joinArrays: false,\n                ns: namespaces\n              }));\n              if (copy[m] === deepKey) copy[m] = res[m];\n            }\n          }\n          res = copy;\n        }\n      } else if (handleAsObjectInI18nFormat && typeof joinArrays === 'string' && resType === '[object Array]') {\n        res = res.join(joinArrays);\n        if (res) res = this.extendTranslation(res, keys, options, lastKey);\n      } else {\n        var usedDefault = false;\n        var usedKey = false;\n        var needsPluralHandling = options.count !== undefined && typeof options.count !== 'string';\n        var hasDefaultValue = Translator.hasDefaultValue(options);\n        var defaultValueSuffix = needsPluralHandling ? this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(lng, options.count) : '';\n        var defaultValue = options[\"defaultValue\".concat(defaultValueSuffix)] || options.defaultValue;\n        if (!this.isValidLookup(res) && hasDefaultValue) {\n          usedDefault = true;\n          res = defaultValue;\n        }\n        if (!this.isValidLookup(res)) {\n          usedKey = true;\n          res = key;\n        }\n        var updateMissing = hasDefaultValue && defaultValue !== res && this.options.updateMissing;\n        if (usedKey || usedDefault || updateMissing) {\n          this.logger.log(updateMissing ? 'updateKey' : 'missingKey', lng, namespace, key, updateMissing ? defaultValue : res);\n          if (keySeparator) {\n            var fk = this.resolve(key, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n              keySeparator: false\n            }));\n            if (fk && fk.res) this.logger.warn('Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.');\n          }\n          var lngs = [];\n          var fallbackLngs = this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng, options.lng || this.language);\n          if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'fallback' && fallbackLngs && fallbackLngs[0]) {\n            for (var i = 0; i < fallbackLngs.length; i++) {\n              lngs.push(fallbackLngs[i]);\n            }\n          } else if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'all') {\n            lngs = this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || this.language);\n          } else {\n            lngs.push(options.lng || this.language);\n          }\n          var send = function send(l, k, fallbackValue) {\n            if (_this2.options.missingKeyHandler) {\n              _this2.options.missingKeyHandler(l, namespace, k, updateMissing ? fallbackValue : res, updateMissing, options);\n            } else if (_this2.backendConnector && _this2.backendConnector.saveMissing) {\n              _this2.backendConnector.saveMissing(l, namespace, k, updateMissing ? fallbackValue : res, updateMissing, options);\n            }\n            _this2.emit('missingKey', l, namespace, k, res);\n          };\n          if (this.options.saveMissing) {\n            if (this.options.saveMissingPlurals && needsPluralHandling) {\n              lngs.forEach(function (language) {\n                _this2.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(language).forEach(function (suffix) {\n                  send([language], key + suffix, options[\"defaultValue\".concat(suffix)] || defaultValue);\n                });\n              });\n            } else {\n              send(lngs, key, defaultValue);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        res = this.extendTranslation(res, keys, options, resolved, lastKey);\n        if (usedKey && res === key && this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey) res = \"\".concat(namespace, \":\").concat(key);\n        if (usedKey && this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler) res = this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(res);\n      }\n      return res;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"extendTranslation\",\n    value: function extendTranslation(res, key, options, resolved, lastKey) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      if (this.i18nFormat && this.i18nFormat.parse) {\n        res = this.i18nFormat.parse(res, options, resolved.usedLng, resolved.usedNS, resolved.usedKey, {\n          resolved: resolved\n        });\n      } else if (!options.skipInterpolation) {\n        if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.init(_objectSpread({}, options, {\n          interpolation: _objectSpread({}, this.options.interpolation, options.interpolation)\n        }));\n        var skipOnVariables = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.skipOnVariables || this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;\n        var nestBef;\n        if (skipOnVariables) {\n          var nb = res.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n          nestBef = nb && nb.length;\n        }\n        var data = options.replace && typeof options.replace !== 'string' ? options.replace : options;\n        if (this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables) data = _objectSpread({}, this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables, data);\n        res = this.interpolator.interpolate(res, data, options.lng || this.language, options);\n        if (skipOnVariables) {\n          var na = res.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n          var nestAft = na && na.length;\n          if (nestBef < nestAft) options.nest = false;\n        }\n        if (options.nest !== false) res = this.interpolator.nest(res, function () {\n          for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n            args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n          }\n          if (lastKey && lastKey[0] === args[0] && !options.context) {\n            _this3.logger.warn(\"It seems you are nesting recursively key: \".concat(args[0], \" in key: \").concat(key[0]));\n            return null;\n          }\n          return _this3.translate.apply(_this3, args.concat([key]));\n        }, options);\n        if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.reset();\n      }\n      var postProcess = options.postProcess || this.options.postProcess;\n      var postProcessorNames = typeof postProcess === 'string' ? [postProcess] : postProcess;\n      if (res !== undefined && res !== null && postProcessorNames && postProcessorNames.length && options.applyPostProcessor !== false) {\n        res = postProcessor.handle(postProcessorNames, res, key, this.options && this.options.postProcessPassResolved ? _objectSpread({\n          i18nResolved: resolved\n        }, options) : options, this);\n      }\n      return res;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"resolve\",\n    value: function resolve(keys) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      var found;\n      var usedKey;\n      var exactUsedKey;\n      var usedLng;\n      var usedNS;\n      if (typeof keys === 'string') keys = [keys];\n      keys.forEach(function (k) {\n        if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n        var extracted = _this4.extractFromKey(k, options);\n        var key = extracted.key;\n        usedKey = key;\n        var namespaces = extracted.namespaces;\n        if (_this4.options.fallbackNS) namespaces = namespaces.concat(_this4.options.fallbackNS);\n        var needsPluralHandling = options.count !== undefined && typeof options.count !== 'string';\n        var needsContextHandling = options.context !== undefined && typeof options.context === 'string' && options.context !== '';\n        var codes = options.lngs ? options.lngs : _this4.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || _this4.language, options.fallbackLng);\n        namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n          if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n          usedNS = ns;\n          if (!checkedLoadedFor[\"\".concat(codes[0], \"-\").concat(ns)] && _this4.utils && _this4.utils.hasLoadedNamespace && !_this4.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(usedNS)) {\n            checkedLoadedFor[\"\".concat(codes[0], \"-\").concat(ns)] = true;\n            _this4.logger.warn(\"key \\\"\".concat(usedKey, \"\\\" for languages \\\"\").concat(codes.join(', '), \"\\\" won't get resolved as namespace \\\"\").concat(usedNS, \"\\\" was not yet loaded\"), 'This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!');\n          }\n          codes.forEach(function (code) {\n            if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n            usedLng = code;\n            var finalKey = key;\n            var finalKeys = [finalKey];\n            if (_this4.i18nFormat && _this4.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys) {\n              _this4.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(finalKeys, key, code, ns, options);\n            } else {\n              var pluralSuffix;\n              if (needsPluralHandling) pluralSuffix = _this4.pluralResolver.getSuffix(code, options.count);\n              if (needsPluralHandling && needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey + pluralSuffix);\n              if (needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += \"\".concat(_this4.options.contextSeparator).concat(options.context));\n              if (needsPluralHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += pluralSuffix);\n            }\n            var possibleKey;\n            while (possibleKey = finalKeys.pop()) {\n              if (!_this4.isValidLookup(found)) {\n                exactUsedKey = possibleKey;\n                found = _this4.getResource(code, ns, possibleKey, options);\n              }\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      });\n      return {\n        res: found,\n        usedKey: usedKey,\n        exactUsedKey: exactUsedKey,\n        usedLng: usedLng,\n        usedNS: usedNS\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isValidLookup\",\n    value: function isValidLookup(res) {\n      return res !== undefined && !(!this.options.returnNull && res === null) && !(!this.options.returnEmptyString && res === '');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResource\",\n    value: function getResource(code, ns, key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n      if (this.i18nFormat && this.i18nFormat.getResource) return this.i18nFormat.getResource(code, ns, key, options);\n      return this.resourceStore.getResource(code, ns, key, options);\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"hasDefaultValue\",\n    value: function hasDefaultValue(options) {\n      var prefix = 'defaultValue';\n      for (var option in options) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, option) && prefix === option.substring(0, prefix.length) && undefined !== options[option]) {\n          return true;\n        }\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Translator;\n}(EventEmitter);\nfunction capitalize(string) {\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);\n}\nvar LanguageUtil = function () {\n  function LanguageUtil(options) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, LanguageUtil);\n    this.options = options;\n    this.whitelist = this.options.supportedLngs || false;\n    this.supportedLngs = this.options.supportedLngs || false;\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('languageUtils');\n  }\n  _createClass(LanguageUtil, [{\n    key: \"getScriptPartFromCode\",\n    value: function getScriptPartFromCode(code) {\n      if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return null;\n      var p = code.split('-');\n      if (p.length === 2) return null;\n      p.pop();\n      if (p[p.length - 1].toLowerCase() === 'x') return null;\n      return this.formatLanguageCode(p.join('-'));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getLanguagePartFromCode\",\n    value: function getLanguagePartFromCode(code) {\n      if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return code;\n      var p = code.split('-');\n      return this.formatLanguageCode(p[0]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"formatLanguageCode\",\n    value: function formatLanguageCode(code) {\n      if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {\n        var specialCases = ['hans', 'hant', 'latn', 'cyrl', 'cans', 'mong', 'arab'];\n        var p = code.split('-');\n        if (this.options.lowerCaseLng) {\n          p = p.map(function (part) {\n            return part.toLowerCase();\n          });\n        } else if (p.length === 2) {\n          p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();\n          p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());\n        } else if (p.length === 3) {\n          p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();\n          if (p[1].length === 2) p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();\n          if (p[0] !== 'sgn' && p[2].length === 2) p[2] = p[2].toUpperCase();\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[2].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[2] = capitalize(p[2].toLowerCase());\n        }\n        return p.join('-');\n      }\n      return this.options.cleanCode || this.options.lowerCaseLng ? code.toLowerCase() : code;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isWhitelisted\",\n    value: function isWhitelisted(code) {\n      this.logger.deprecate('languageUtils.isWhitelisted', 'function \"isWhitelisted\" will be renamed to \"isSupportedCode\" in the next major - please make sure to rename it\\'s usage asap.');\n      return this.isSupportedCode(code);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isSupportedCode\",\n    value: function isSupportedCode(code) {\n      if (this.options.load === 'languageOnly' || this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs) {\n        code = this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code);\n      }\n      return !this.supportedLngs || !this.supportedLngs.length || this.supportedLngs.indexOf(code) > -1;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBestMatchFromCodes\",\n    value: function getBestMatchFromCodes(codes) {\n      var _this = this;\n      if (!codes) return null;\n      var found;\n      codes.forEach(function (code) {\n        if (found) return;\n        var cleanedLng = _this.formatLanguageCode(code);\n        if (!_this.options.supportedLngs || _this.isSupportedCode(cleanedLng)) found = cleanedLng;\n      });\n      if (!found && this.options.supportedLngs) {\n        codes.forEach(function (code) {\n          if (found) return;\n          var lngOnly = _this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code);\n          if (_this.isSupportedCode(lngOnly)) return found = lngOnly;\n          found = _this.options.supportedLngs.find(function (supportedLng) {\n            if (supportedLng.indexOf(lngOnly) === 0) return supportedLng;\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      if (!found) found = this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0];\n      return found;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getFallbackCodes\",\n    value: function getFallbackCodes(fallbacks, code) {\n      if (!fallbacks) return [];\n      if (typeof fallbacks === 'function') fallbacks = fallbacks(code);\n      if (typeof fallbacks === 'string') fallbacks = [fallbacks];\n      if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(fallbacks) === '[object Array]') return fallbacks;\n      if (!code) return fallbacks[\"default\"] || [];\n      var found = fallbacks[code];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.getScriptPartFromCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.formatLanguageCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[\"default\"];\n      return found || [];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toResolveHierarchy\",\n    value: function toResolveHierarchy(code, fallbackCode) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var fallbackCodes = this.getFallbackCodes(fallbackCode || this.options.fallbackLng || [], code);\n      var codes = [];\n      var addCode = function addCode(c) {\n        if (!c) return;\n        if (_this2.isSupportedCode(c)) {\n          codes.push(c);\n        } else {\n          _this2.logger.warn(\"rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: \".concat(c));\n        }\n      };\n      if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {\n        if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly') addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code));\n        if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly' && this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getScriptPartFromCode(code));\n        if (this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code));\n      } else if (typeof code === 'string') {\n        addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code));\n      }\n      fallbackCodes.forEach(function (fc) {\n        if (codes.indexOf(fc) < 0) addCode(_this2.formatLanguageCode(fc));\n      });\n      return codes;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return LanguageUtil;\n}();\nvar sets = [{\n  lngs: ['ach', 'ak', 'am', 'arn', 'br', 'fil', 'gun', 'ln', 'mfe', 'mg', 'mi', 'oc', 'pt', 'pt-BR', 'tg', 'tl', 'ti', 'tr', 'uz', 'wa'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 1\n}, {\n  lngs: ['af', 'an', 'ast', 'az', 'bg', 'bn', 'ca', 'da', 'de', 'dev', 'el', 'en', 'eo', 'es', 'et', 'eu', 'fi', 'fo', 'fur', 'fy', 'gl', 'gu', 'ha', 'hi', 'hu', 'hy', 'ia', 'it', 'kk', 'kn', 'ku', 'lb', 'mai', 'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'nah', 'nap', 'nb', 'ne', 'nl', 'nn', 'no', 'nso', 'pa', 'pap', 'pms', 'ps', 'pt-PT', 'rm', 'sco', 'se', 'si', 'so', 'son', 'sq', 'sv', 'sw', 'ta', 'te', 'tk', 'ur', 'yo'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 2\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ay', 'bo', 'cgg', 'fa', 'ht', 'id', 'ja', 'jbo', 'ka', 'km', 'ko', 'ky', 'lo', 'ms', 'sah', 'su', 'th', 'tt', 'ug', 'vi', 'wo', 'zh'],\n  nr: [1],\n  fc: 3\n}, {\n  lngs: ['be', 'bs', 'cnr', 'dz', 'hr', 'ru', 'sr', 'uk'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 4\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ar'],\n  nr: [0, 1, 2, 3, 11, 100],\n  fc: 5\n}, {\n  lngs: ['cs', 'sk'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 6\n}, {\n  lngs: ['csb', 'pl'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 7\n}, {\n  lngs: ['cy'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 8],\n  fc: 8\n}, {\n  lngs: ['fr'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 9\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ga'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 7, 11],\n  fc: 10\n}, {\n  lngs: ['gd'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 20],\n  fc: 11\n}, {\n  lngs: ['is'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 12\n}, {\n  lngs: ['jv'],\n  nr: [0, 1],\n  fc: 13\n}, {\n  lngs: ['kw'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 4],\n  fc: 14\n}, {\n  lngs: ['lt'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 10],\n  fc: 15\n}, {\n  lngs: ['lv'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 0],\n  fc: 16\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mk'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 17\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mnk'],\n  nr: [0, 1, 2],\n  fc: 18\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mt'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 11, 20],\n  fc: 19\n}, {\n  lngs: ['or'],\n  nr: [2, 1],\n  fc: 2\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ro'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 20],\n  fc: 20\n}, {\n  lngs: ['sl'],\n  nr: [5, 1, 2, 3],\n  fc: 21\n}, {\n  lngs: ['he', 'iw'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 20, 21],\n  fc: 22\n}];\nvar _rulesPluralsTypes = {\n  1: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n > 1);\n  },\n  2: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n != 1);\n  },\n  3: function _(n) {\n    return 0;\n  },\n  4: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  5: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : n == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 >= 3 && n % 100 <= 10 ? 3 : n % 100 >= 11 ? 4 : 5);\n  },\n  6: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n >= 2 && n <= 4 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  7: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  8: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n != 8 && n != 11 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  9: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n >= 2);\n  },\n  10: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n < 7 ? 2 : n < 11 ? 3 : 4);\n  },\n  11: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 || n == 11 ? 0 : n == 2 || n == 12 ? 1 : n > 2 && n < 20 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  12: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 != 1 || n % 100 == 11);\n  },\n  13: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n !== 0);\n  },\n  14: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n == 3 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  15: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  16: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n !== 0 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  17: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 || n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : 1);\n  },\n  18: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  19: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 0 || n % 100 > 1 && n % 100 < 11 ? 1 : n % 100 > 10 && n % 100 < 20 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  20: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 0 || n % 100 > 0 && n % 100 < 20 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  21: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 100 == 1 ? 1 : n % 100 == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 == 3 || n % 100 == 4 ? 3 : 0);\n  },\n  22: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : (n < 0 || n > 10) && n % 10 == 0 ? 2 : 3);\n  }\n};\nfunction createRules() {\n  var rules = {};\n  sets.forEach(function (set) {\n    set.lngs.forEach(function (l) {\n      rules[l] = {\n        numbers: set.nr,\n        plurals: _rulesPluralsTypes[set.fc]\n      };\n    });\n  });\n  return rules;\n}\nvar PluralResolver = function () {\n  function PluralResolver(languageUtils) {\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, PluralResolver);\n    this.languageUtils = languageUtils;\n    this.options = options;\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('pluralResolver');\n    this.rules = createRules();\n  }\n  _createClass(PluralResolver, [{\n    key: \"addRule\",\n    value: function addRule(lng, obj) {\n      this.rules[lng] = obj;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getRule\",\n    value: function getRule(code) {\n      return this.rules[code] || this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(code)];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"needsPlural\",\n    value: function needsPlural(code) {\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      return rule && rule.numbers.length > 1;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getPluralFormsOfKey\",\n    value: function getPluralFormsOfKey(code, key) {\n      return this.getSuffixes(code).map(function (suffix) {\n        return key + suffix;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getSuffixes\",\n    value: function getSuffixes(code) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      if (!rule) {\n        return [];\n      }\n      return rule.numbers.map(function (number) {\n        return _this.getSuffix(code, number);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getSuffix\",\n    value: function getSuffix(code, count) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      if (rule) {\n        var idx = rule.noAbs ? rule.plurals(count) : rule.plurals(Math.abs(count));\n        var suffix = rule.numbers[idx];\n        if (this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix && rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {\n          if (suffix === 2) {\n            suffix = 'plural';\n          } else if (suffix === 1) {\n            suffix = '';\n          }\n        }\n        var returnSuffix = function returnSuffix() {\n          return _this2.options.prepend && suffix.toString() ? _this2.options.prepend + suffix.toString() : suffix.toString();\n        };\n        if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v1') {\n          if (suffix === 1) return '';\n          if (typeof suffix === 'number') return \"_plural_\".concat(suffix.toString());\n          return returnSuffix();\n        } else if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v2') {\n          return returnSuffix();\n        } else if (this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix && rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {\n          return returnSuffix();\n        }\n        return this.options.prepend && idx.toString() ? this.options.prepend + idx.toString() : idx.toString();\n      }\n      this.logger.warn(\"no plural rule found for: \".concat(code));\n      return '';\n    }\n  }]);\n  return PluralResolver;\n}();\nvar Interpolator = function () {\n  function Interpolator() {\n    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Interpolator);\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('interpolator');\n    this.options = options;\n    this.format = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.format || function (value) {\n      return value;\n    };\n    this.init(options);\n  }\n  _createClass(Interpolator, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init() {\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      if (!options.interpolation) options.interpolation = {\n        escapeValue: true\n      };\n      var iOpts = options.interpolation;\n      this.escape = iOpts.escape !== undefined ? iOpts.escape : escape;\n      this.escapeValue = iOpts.escapeValue !== undefined ? iOpts.escapeValue : true;\n      this.useRawValueToEscape = iOpts.useRawValueToEscape !== undefined ? iOpts.useRawValueToEscape : false;\n      this.prefix = iOpts.prefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.prefix) : iOpts.prefixEscaped || '{{';\n      this.suffix = iOpts.suffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.suffix) : iOpts.suffixEscaped || '}}';\n      this.formatSeparator = iOpts.formatSeparator ? iOpts.formatSeparator : iOpts.formatSeparator || ',';\n      this.unescapePrefix = iOpts.unescapeSuffix ? '' : iOpts.unescapePrefix || '-';\n      this.unescapeSuffix = this.unescapePrefix ? '' : iOpts.unescapeSuffix || '';\n      this.nestingPrefix = iOpts.nestingPrefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingPrefix) : iOpts.nestingPrefixEscaped || regexEscape('$t(');\n      this.nestingSuffix = iOpts.nestingSuffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingSuffix) : iOpts.nestingSuffixEscaped || regexEscape(')');\n      this.nestingOptionsSeparator = iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator ? iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator : iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator || ',';\n      this.maxReplaces = iOpts.maxReplaces ? iOpts.maxReplaces : 1000;\n      this.alwaysFormat = iOpts.alwaysFormat !== undefined ? iOpts.alwaysFormat : false;\n      this.resetRegExp();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reset\",\n    value: function reset() {\n      if (this.options) this.init(this.options);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"resetRegExp\",\n    value: function resetRegExp() {\n      var regexpStr = \"\".concat(this.prefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.suffix);\n      this.regexp = new RegExp(regexpStr, 'g');\n      var regexpUnescapeStr = \"\".concat(this.prefix).concat(this.unescapePrefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.unescapeSuffix).concat(this.suffix);\n      this.regexpUnescape = new RegExp(regexpUnescapeStr, 'g');\n      var nestingRegexpStr = \"\".concat(this.nestingPrefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.nestingSuffix);\n      this.nestingRegexp = new RegExp(nestingRegexpStr, 'g');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"interpolate\",\n    value: function interpolate(str, data, lng, options) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var match;\n      var value;\n      var replaces;\n      var defaultData = this.options && this.options.interpolation && this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables || {};\n      function regexSafe(val) {\n        return val.replace(/\\$/g, '$$$$');\n      }\n      var handleFormat = function handleFormat(key) {\n        if (key.indexOf(_this.formatSeparator) < 0) {\n          var path = getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, key);\n          return _this.alwaysFormat ? _this.format(path, undefined, lng, _objectSpread({}, options, data, {\n            interpolationkey: key\n          })) : path;\n        }\n        var p = key.split(_this.formatSeparator);\n        var k = p.shift().trim();\n        var f = p.join(_this.formatSeparator).trim();\n        return _this.format(getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, k), f, lng, _objectSpread({}, options, data, {\n          interpolationkey: k\n        }));\n      };\n      this.resetRegExp();\n      var missingInterpolationHandler = options && options.missingInterpolationHandler || this.options.missingInterpolationHandler;\n      var skipOnVariables = options && options.interpolation && options.interpolation.skipOnVariables || this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;\n      var todos = [{\n        regex: this.regexpUnescape,\n        safeValue: function safeValue(val) {\n          return regexSafe(val);\n        }\n      }, {\n        regex: this.regexp,\n        safeValue: function safeValue(val) {\n          return _this.escapeValue ? regexSafe(_this.escape(val)) : regexSafe(val);\n        }\n      }];\n      todos.forEach(function (todo) {\n        replaces = 0;\n        while (match = todo.regex.exec(str)) {\n          value = handleFormat(match[1].trim());\n          if (value === undefined) {\n            if (typeof missingInterpolationHandler === 'function') {\n              var temp = missingInterpolationHandler(str, match, options);\n              value = typeof temp === 'string' ? temp : '';\n            } else if (skipOnVariables) {\n              value = match[0];\n              continue;\n            } else {\n              _this.logger.warn(\"missed to pass in variable \".concat(match[1], \" for interpolating \").concat(str));\n              value = '';\n            }\n          } else if (typeof value !== 'string' && !_this.useRawValueToEscape) {\n            value = makeString(value);\n          }\n          var safeValue = todo.safeValue(value);\n          str = str.replace(match[0], safeValue);\n          if (skipOnVariables) {\n            todo.regex.lastIndex += safeValue.length;\n            todo.regex.lastIndex -= match[0].length;\n          } else {\n            todo.regex.lastIndex = 0;\n          }\n          replaces++;\n          if (replaces >= _this.maxReplaces) {\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n      return str;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"nest\",\n    value: function nest(str, fc) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n      var match;\n      var value;\n      var clonedOptions = _objectSpread({}, options);\n      clonedOptions.applyPostProcessor = false;\n      delete clonedOptions.defaultValue;\n      function handleHasOptions(key, inheritedOptions) {\n        var sep = this.nestingOptionsSeparator;\n        if (key.indexOf(sep) < 0) return key;\n        var c = key.split(new RegExp(\"\".concat(sep, \"[ ]*{\")));\n        var optionsString = \"{\".concat(c[1]);\n        key = c[0];\n        optionsString = this.interpolate(optionsString, clonedOptions);\n        optionsString = optionsString.replace(/'/g, '\"');\n        try {\n          clonedOptions = JSON.parse(optionsString);\n          if (inheritedOptions) clonedOptions = _objectSpread({}, inheritedOptions, clonedOptions);\n        } catch (e) {\n          this.logger.warn(\"failed parsing options string in nesting for key \".concat(key), e);\n          return \"\".concat(key).concat(sep).concat(optionsString);\n        }\n        delete clonedOptions.defaultValue;\n        return key;\n      }\n      while (match = this.nestingRegexp.exec(str)) {\n        var formatters = [];\n        var doReduce = false;\n        if (match[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator) !== -1 && !/{.*}/.test(match[1])) {\n          var r = match[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map(function (elem) {\n            return elem.trim();\n          });\n          match[1] = r.shift();\n          formatters = r;\n          doReduce = true;\n        }\n        value = fc(handleHasOptions.call(this, match[1].trim(), clonedOptions), clonedOptions);\n        if (value && match[0] === str && typeof value !== 'string') return value;\n        if (typeof value !== 'string') value = makeString(value);\n        if (!value) {\n          this.logger.warn(\"missed to resolve \".concat(match[1], \" for nesting \").concat(str));\n          value = '';\n        }\n        if (doReduce) {\n          value = formatters.reduce(function (v, f) {\n            return _this2.format(v, f, options.lng, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n              interpolationkey: match[1].trim()\n            }));\n          }, value.trim());\n        }\n        str = str.replace(match[0], value);\n        this.regexp.lastIndex = 0;\n      }\n      return str;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Interpolator;\n}();\nfunction remove(arr, what) {\n  var found = arr.indexOf(what);\n  while (found !== -1) {\n    arr.splice(found, 1);\n    found = arr.indexOf(what);\n  }\n}\nvar Connector = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(Connector, _EventEmitter);\n  function Connector(backend, store, services) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Connector);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(Connector).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.backend = backend;\n    _this.store = store;\n    _this.services = services;\n    _this.languageUtils = services.languageUtils;\n    _this.options = options;\n    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('backendConnector');\n    _this.state = {};\n    _this.queue = [];\n    if (_this.backend && _this.backend.init) {\n      _this.backend.init(services, options.backend, options);\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Connector, [{\n    key: \"queueLoad\",\n    value: function queueLoad(languages, namespaces, options, callback) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var toLoad = [];\n      var pending = [];\n      var toLoadLanguages = [];\n      var toLoadNamespaces = [];\n      languages.forEach(function (lng) {\n        var hasAllNamespaces = true;\n        namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n          var name = \"\".concat(lng, \"|\").concat(ns);\n          if (!options.reload && _this2.store.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {\n            _this2.state[name] = 2;\n          } else if (_this2.state[name] < 0) ;else if (_this2.state[name] === 1) {\n            if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);\n          } else {\n            _this2.state[name] = 1;\n            hasAllNamespaces = false;\n            if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);\n            if (toLoad.indexOf(name) < 0) toLoad.push(name);\n            if (toLoadNamespaces.indexOf(ns) < 0) toLoadNamespaces.push(ns);\n          }\n        });\n        if (!hasAllNamespaces) toLoadLanguages.push(lng);\n      });\n      if (toLoad.length || pending.length) {\n        this.queue.push({\n          pending: pending,\n          loaded: {},\n          errors: [],\n          callback: callback\n        });\n      }\n      return {\n        toLoad: toLoad,\n        pending: pending,\n        toLoadLanguages: toLoadLanguages,\n        toLoadNamespaces: toLoadNamespaces\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loaded\",\n    value: function loaded(name, err, data) {\n      var s = name.split('|');\n      var lng = s[0];\n      var ns = s[1];\n      if (err) this.emit('failedLoading', lng, ns, err);\n      if (data) {\n        this.store.addResourceBundle(lng, ns, data);\n      }\n      this.state[name] = err ? -1 : 2;\n      var loaded = {};\n      this.queue.forEach(function (q) {\n        pushPath(q.loaded, [lng], ns);\n        remove(q.pending, name);\n        if (err) q.errors.push(err);\n        if (q.pending.length === 0 && !q.done) {\n          Object.keys(q.loaded).forEach(function (l) {\n            if (!loaded[l]) loaded[l] = [];\n            if (q.loaded[l].length) {\n              q.loaded[l].forEach(function (ns) {\n                if (loaded[l].indexOf(ns) < 0) loaded[l].push(ns);\n              });\n            }\n          });\n          q.done = true;\n          if (q.errors.length) {\n            q.callback(q.errors);\n          } else {\n            q.callback();\n          }\n        }\n      });\n      this.emit('loaded', loaded);\n      this.queue = this.queue.filter(function (q) {\n        return !q.done;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"read\",\n    value: function read(lng, ns, fcName) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var tried = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : 0;\n      var wait = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : 350;\n      var callback = arguments.length > 5 ? arguments[5] : undefined;\n      if (!lng.length) return callback(null, {});\n      return this.backend[fcName](lng, ns, function (err, data) {\n        if (err && data && tried < 5) {\n          setTimeout(function () {\n            _this3.read.call(_this3, lng, ns, fcName, tried + 1, wait * 2, callback);\n          }, wait);\n          return;\n        }\n        callback(err, data);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"prepareLoading\",\n    value: function prepareLoading(languages, namespaces) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 3 ? arguments[3] : undefined;\n      if (!this.backend) {\n        this.logger.warn('No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources.');\n        return callback && callback();\n      }\n      if (typeof languages === 'string') languages = this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(languages);\n      if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];\n      var toLoad = this.queueLoad(languages, namespaces, options, callback);\n      if (!toLoad.toLoad.length) {\n        if (!toLoad.pending.length) callback();\n        return null;\n      }\n      toLoad.toLoad.forEach(function (name) {\n        _this4.loadOne(name);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"load\",\n    value: function load(languages, namespaces, callback) {\n      this.prepareLoading(languages, namespaces, {}, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reload\",\n    value: function reload(languages, namespaces, callback) {\n      this.prepareLoading(languages, namespaces, {\n        reload: true\n      }, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadOne\",\n    value: function loadOne(name) {\n      var _this5 = this;\n      var prefix = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : '';\n      var s = name.split('|');\n      var lng = s[0];\n      var ns = s[1];\n      this.read(lng, ns, 'read', undefined, undefined, function (err, data) {\n        if (err) _this5.logger.warn(\"\".concat(prefix, \"loading namespace \").concat(ns, \" for language \").concat(lng, \" failed\"), err);\n        if (!err && data) _this5.logger.log(\"\".concat(prefix, \"loaded namespace \").concat(ns, \" for language \").concat(lng), data);\n        _this5.loaded(name, err, data);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"saveMissing\",\n    value: function saveMissing(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue, isUpdate) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : {};\n      if (this.services.utils && this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace && !this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(namespace)) {\n        this.logger.warn(\"did not save key \\\"\".concat(key, \"\\\" as the namespace \\\"\").concat(namespace, \"\\\" was not yet loaded\"), 'This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!');\n        return;\n      }\n      if (key === undefined || key === null || key === '') return;\n      if (this.backend && this.backend.create) {\n        this.backend.create(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue, null, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n          isUpdate: isUpdate\n        }));\n      }\n      if (!languages || !languages[0]) return;\n      this.store.addResource(languages[0], namespace, key, fallbackValue);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Connector;\n}(EventEmitter);\nfunction get() {\n  return {\n    debug: false,\n    initImmediate: true,\n    ns: ['translation'],\n    defaultNS: ['translation'],\n    fallbackLng: ['dev'],\n    fallbackNS: false,\n    whitelist: false,\n    nonExplicitWhitelist: false,\n    supportedLngs: false,\n    nonExplicitSupportedLngs: false,\n    load: 'all',\n    preload: false,\n    simplifyPluralSuffix: true,\n    keySeparator: '.',\n    nsSeparator: ':',\n    pluralSeparator: '_',\n    contextSeparator: '_',\n    partialBundledLanguages: false,\n    saveMissing: false,\n    updateMissing: false,\n    saveMissingTo: 'fallback',\n    saveMissingPlurals: true,\n    missingKeyHandler: false,\n    missingInterpolationHandler: false,\n    postProcess: false,\n    postProcessPassResolved: false,\n    returnNull: true,\n    returnEmptyString: true,\n    returnObjects: false,\n    joinArrays: false,\n    returnedObjectHandler: false,\n    parseMissingKeyHandler: false,\n    appendNamespaceToMissingKey: false,\n    appendNamespaceToCIMode: false,\n    overloadTranslationOptionHandler: function handle(args) {\n      var ret = {};\n      if (_typeof(args[1]) === 'object') ret = args[1];\n      if (typeof args[1] === 'string') ret.defaultValue = args[1];\n      if (typeof args[2] === 'string') ret.tDescription = args[2];\n      if (_typeof(args[2]) === 'object' || _typeof(args[3]) === 'object') {\n        var options = args[3] || args[2];\n        Object.keys(options).forEach(function (key) {\n          ret[key] = options[key];\n        });\n      }\n      return ret;\n    },\n    interpolation: {\n      escapeValue: true,\n      format: function format(value, _format, lng, options) {\n        return value;\n      },\n      prefix: '{{',\n      suffix: '}}',\n      formatSeparator: ',',\n      unescapePrefix: '-',\n      nestingPrefix: '$t(',\n      nestingSuffix: ')',\n      nestingOptionsSeparator: ',',\n      maxReplaces: 1000,\n      skipOnVariables: false\n    }\n  };\n}\nfunction transformOptions(options) {\n  if (typeof options.ns === 'string') options.ns = [options.ns];\n  if (typeof options.fallbackLng === 'string') options.fallbackLng = [options.fallbackLng];\n  if (typeof options.fallbackNS === 'string') options.fallbackNS = [options.fallbackNS];\n  if (options.whitelist) {\n    if (options.whitelist && options.whitelist.indexOf('cimode') < 0) {\n      options.whitelist = options.whitelist.concat(['cimode']);\n    }\n    options.supportedLngs = options.whitelist;\n  }\n  if (options.nonExplicitWhitelist) {\n    options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs = options.nonExplicitWhitelist;\n  }\n  if (options.supportedLngs && options.supportedLngs.indexOf('cimode') < 0) {\n    options.supportedLngs = options.supportedLngs.concat(['cimode']);\n  }\n  return options;\n}\nfunction noop() {}\nvar I18n = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(I18n, _EventEmitter);\n  function I18n() {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    _classCallCheck(this, I18n);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(I18n).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.options = transformOptions(options);\n    _this.services = {};\n    _this.logger = baseLogger;\n    _this.modules = {\n      external: []\n    };\n    if (callback && !_this.isInitialized && !options.isClone) {\n      if (!_this.options.initImmediate) {\n        _this.init(options, callback);\n        return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this, _assertThisInitialized(_this));\n      }\n      setTimeout(function () {\n        _this.init(options, callback);\n      }, 0);\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(I18n, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n      if (typeof options === 'function') {\n        callback = options;\n        options = {};\n      }\n      if (options.whitelist && !options.supportedLngs) {\n        this.logger.deprecate('whitelist', 'option \"whitelist\" will be renamed to \"supportedLngs\" in the next major - please make sure to rename this option asap.');\n      }\n      if (options.nonExplicitWhitelist && !options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs) {\n        this.logger.deprecate('whitelist', 'options \"nonExplicitWhitelist\" will be renamed to \"nonExplicitSupportedLngs\" in the next major - please make sure to rename this option asap.');\n      }\n      this.options = _objectSpread({}, get(), this.options, transformOptions(options));\n      this.format = this.options.interpolation.format;\n      if (!callback) callback = noop;\n      function createClassOnDemand(ClassOrObject) {\n        if (!ClassOrObject) return null;\n        if (typeof ClassOrObject === 'function') return new ClassOrObject();\n        return ClassOrObject;\n      }\n      if (!this.options.isClone) {\n        if (this.modules.logger) {\n          baseLogger.init(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.logger), this.options);\n        } else {\n          baseLogger.init(null, this.options);\n        }\n        var lu = new LanguageUtil(this.options);\n        this.store = new ResourceStore(this.options.resources, this.options);\n        var s = this.services;\n        s.logger = baseLogger;\n        s.resourceStore = this.store;\n        s.languageUtils = lu;\n        s.pluralResolver = new PluralResolver(lu, {\n          prepend: this.options.pluralSeparator,\n          compatibilityJSON: this.options.compatibilityJSON,\n          simplifyPluralSuffix: this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix\n        });\n        s.interpolator = new Interpolator(this.options);\n        s.utils = {\n          hasLoadedNamespace: this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)\n        };\n        s.backendConnector = new Connector(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.backend), s.resourceStore, s, this.options);\n        s.backendConnector.on('*', function (event) {\n          for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n            args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n          }\n          _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n        if (this.modules.languageDetector) {\n          s.languageDetector = createClassOnDemand(this.modules.languageDetector);\n          s.languageDetector.init(s, this.options.detection, this.options);\n        }\n        if (this.modules.i18nFormat) {\n          s.i18nFormat = createClassOnDemand(this.modules.i18nFormat);\n          if (s.i18nFormat.init) s.i18nFormat.init(this);\n        }\n        this.translator = new Translator(this.services, this.options);\n        this.translator.on('*', function (event) {\n          for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n            args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n          }\n          _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n        this.modules.external.forEach(function (m) {\n          if (m.init) m.init(_this2);\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.options.fallbackLng && !this.services.languageDetector && !this.options.lng) {\n        var codes = this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);\n        if (codes.length > 0 && codes[0] !== 'dev') this.options.lng = codes[0];\n      }\n      if (!this.services.languageDetector && !this.options.lng) {\n        this.logger.warn('init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined');\n      }\n      var storeApi = ['getResource', 'hasResourceBundle', 'getResourceBundle', 'getDataByLanguage'];\n      storeApi.forEach(function (fcName) {\n        _this2[fcName] = function () {\n          var _this2$store;\n          return (_this2$store = _this2.store)[fcName].apply(_this2$store, arguments);\n        };\n      });\n      var storeApiChained = ['addResource', 'addResources', 'addResourceBundle', 'removeResourceBundle'];\n      storeApiChained.forEach(function (fcName) {\n        _this2[fcName] = function () {\n          var _this2$store2;\n          (_this2$store2 = _this2.store)[fcName].apply(_this2$store2, arguments);\n          return _this2;\n        };\n      });\n      var deferred = defer();\n      var load = function load() {\n        var finish = function finish(err, t) {\n          if (_this2.isInitialized) _this2.logger.warn('init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!');\n          _this2.isInitialized = true;\n          if (!_this2.options.isClone) _this2.logger.log('initialized', _this2.options);\n          _this2.emit('initialized', _this2.options);\n          deferred.resolve(t);\n          callback(err, t);\n        };\n        if (_this2.languages && _this2.options.compatibilityAPI !== 'v1' && !_this2.isInitialized) return finish(null, _this2.t.bind(_this2));\n        _this2.changeLanguage(_this2.options.lng, finish);\n      };\n      if (this.options.resources || !this.options.initImmediate) {\n        load();\n      } else {\n        setTimeout(load, 0);\n      }\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadResources\",\n    value: function loadResources(language) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : noop;\n      var usedCallback = callback;\n      var usedLng = typeof language === 'string' ? language : this.language;\n      if (typeof language === 'function') usedCallback = language;\n      if (!this.options.resources || this.options.partialBundledLanguages) {\n        if (usedLng && usedLng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return usedCallback();\n        var toLoad = [];\n        var append = function append(lng) {\n          if (!lng) return;\n          var lngs = _this3.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(lng);\n          lngs.forEach(function (l) {\n            if (toLoad.indexOf(l) < 0) toLoad.push(l);\n          });\n        };\n        if (!usedLng) {\n          var fallbacks = this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);\n          fallbacks.forEach(function (l) {\n            return append(l);\n          });\n        } else {\n          append(usedLng);\n        }\n        if (this.options.preload) {\n          this.options.preload.forEach(function (l) {\n            return append(l);\n          });\n        }\n        this.services.backendConnector.load(toLoad, this.options.ns, usedCallback);\n      } else {\n        usedCallback(null);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reloadResources\",\n    value: function reloadResources(lngs, ns, callback) {\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (!lngs) lngs = this.languages;\n      if (!ns) ns = this.options.ns;\n      if (!callback) callback = noop;\n      this.services.backendConnector.reload(lngs, ns, function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"use\",\n    value: function use(module) {\n      if (!module) throw new Error('You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()');\n      if (!module.type) throw new Error('You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()');\n      if (module.type === 'backend') {\n        this.modules.backend = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'logger' || module.log && module.warn && module.error) {\n        this.modules.logger = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'languageDetector') {\n        this.modules.languageDetector = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'i18nFormat') {\n        this.modules.i18nFormat = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'postProcessor') {\n        postProcessor.addPostProcessor(module);\n      }\n      if (module.type === '3rdParty') {\n        this.modules.external.push(module);\n      }\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"changeLanguage\",\n    value: function changeLanguage(lng, callback) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      this.isLanguageChangingTo = lng;\n      var deferred = defer();\n      this.emit('languageChanging', lng);\n      var done = function done(err, l) {\n        if (l) {\n          _this4.language = l;\n          _this4.languages = _this4.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(l);\n          _this4.translator.changeLanguage(l);\n          _this4.isLanguageChangingTo = undefined;\n          _this4.emit('languageChanged', l);\n          _this4.logger.log('languageChanged', l);\n        } else {\n          _this4.isLanguageChangingTo = undefined;\n        }\n        deferred.resolve(function () {\n          return _this4.t.apply(_this4, arguments);\n        });\n        if (callback) callback(err, function () {\n          return _this4.t.apply(_this4, arguments);\n        });\n      };\n      var setLng = function setLng(lngs) {\n        if (!lng && !lngs && _this4.services.languageDetector) lngs = [];\n        var l = typeof lngs === 'string' ? lngs : _this4.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(lngs);\n        if (l) {\n          if (!_this4.language) {\n            _this4.language = l;\n            _this4.languages = _this4.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(l);\n          }\n          if (!_this4.translator.language) _this4.translator.changeLanguage(l);\n          if (_this4.services.languageDetector) _this4.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(l);\n        }\n        _this4.loadResources(l, function (err) {\n          done(err, l);\n        });\n      };\n      if (!lng && this.services.languageDetector && !this.services.languageDetector.async) {\n        setLng(this.services.languageDetector.detect());\n      } else if (!lng && this.services.languageDetector && this.services.languageDetector.async) {\n        this.services.languageDetector.detect(setLng);\n      } else {\n        setLng(lng);\n      }\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getFixedT\",\n    value: function getFixedT(lng, ns) {\n      var _this5 = this;\n      var fixedT = function fixedT(key, opts) {\n        var options;\n        if (_typeof(opts) !== 'object') {\n          for (var _len3 = arguments.length, rest = new Array(_len3 > 2 ? _len3 - 2 : 0), _key3 = 2; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n            rest[_key3 - 2] = arguments[_key3];\n          }\n          options = _this5.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([key, opts].concat(rest));\n        } else {\n          options = _objectSpread({}, opts);\n        }\n        options.lng = options.lng || fixedT.lng;\n        options.lngs = options.lngs || fixedT.lngs;\n        options.ns = options.ns || fixedT.ns;\n        return _this5.t(key, options);\n      };\n      if (typeof lng === 'string') {\n        fixedT.lng = lng;\n      } else {\n        fixedT.lngs = lng;\n      }\n      fixedT.ns = ns;\n      return fixedT;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"t\",\n    value: function t() {\n      var _this$translator;\n      return this.translator && (_this$translator = this.translator).translate.apply(_this$translator, arguments);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"exists\",\n    value: function exists() {\n      var _this$translator2;\n      return this.translator && (_this$translator2 = this.translator).exists.apply(_this$translator2, arguments);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"setDefaultNamespace\",\n    value: function setDefaultNamespace(ns) {\n      this.options.defaultNS = ns;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"hasLoadedNamespace\",\n    value: function hasLoadedNamespace(ns) {\n      var _this6 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      if (!this.isInitialized) {\n        this.logger.warn('hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized', this.languages);\n        return false;\n      }\n      if (!this.languages || !this.languages.length) {\n        this.logger.warn('hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty', this.languages);\n        return false;\n      }\n      var lng = this.languages[0];\n      var fallbackLng = this.options ? this.options.fallbackLng : false;\n      var lastLng = this.languages[this.languages.length - 1];\n      if (lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return true;\n      var loadNotPending = function loadNotPending(l, n) {\n        var loadState = _this6.services.backendConnector.state[\"\".concat(l, \"|\").concat(n)];\n        return loadState === -1 || loadState === 2;\n      };\n      if (options.precheck) {\n        var preResult = options.precheck(this, loadNotPending);\n        if (preResult !== undefined) return preResult;\n      }\n      if (this.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) return true;\n      if (!this.services.backendConnector.backend) return true;\n      if (loadNotPending(lng, ns) && (!fallbackLng || loadNotPending(lastLng, ns))) return true;\n      return false;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadNamespaces\",\n    value: function loadNamespaces(ns, callback) {\n      var _this7 = this;\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (!this.options.ns) {\n        callback && callback();\n        return Promise.resolve();\n      }\n      if (typeof ns === 'string') ns = [ns];\n      ns.forEach(function (n) {\n        if (_this7.options.ns.indexOf(n) < 0) _this7.options.ns.push(n);\n      });\n      this.loadResources(function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        if (callback) callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadLanguages\",\n    value: function loadLanguages(lngs, callback) {\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (typeof lngs === 'string') lngs = [lngs];\n      var preloaded = this.options.preload || [];\n      var newLngs = lngs.filter(function (lng) {\n        return preloaded.indexOf(lng) < 0;\n      });\n      if (!newLngs.length) {\n        if (callback) callback();\n        return Promise.resolve();\n      }\n      this.options.preload = preloaded.concat(newLngs);\n      this.loadResources(function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        if (callback) callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"dir\",\n    value: function dir(lng) {\n      if (!lng) lng = this.languages && this.languages.length > 0 ? this.languages[0] : this.language;\n      if (!lng) return 'rtl';\n      var rtlLngs = ['ar', 'shu', 'sqr', 'ssh', 'xaa', 'yhd', 'yud', 'aao', 'abh', 'abv', 'acm', 'acq', 'acw', 'acx', 'acy', 'adf', 'ads', 'aeb', 'aec', 'afb', 'ajp', 'apc', 'apd', 'arb', 'arq', 'ars', 'ary', 'arz', 'auz', 'avl', 'ayh', 'ayl', 'ayn', 'ayp', 'bbz', 'pga', 'he', 'iw', 'ps', 'pbt', 'pbu', 'pst', 'prp', 'prd', 'ug', 'ur', 'ydd', 'yds', 'yih', 'ji', 'yi', 'hbo', 'men', 'xmn', 'fa', 'jpr', 'peo', 'pes', 'prs', 'dv', 'sam'];\n      return rtlLngs.indexOf(this.services.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(lng)) >= 0 ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"createInstance\",\n    value: function createInstance() {\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n      return new I18n(options, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"cloneInstance\",\n    value: function cloneInstance() {\n      var _this8 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : noop;\n      var mergedOptions = _objectSpread({}, this.options, options, {\n        isClone: true\n      });\n      var clone = new I18n(mergedOptions);\n      var membersToCopy = ['store', 'services', 'language'];\n      membersToCopy.forEach(function (m) {\n        clone[m] = _this8[m];\n      });\n      clone.services = _objectSpread({}, this.services);\n      clone.services.utils = {\n        hasLoadedNamespace: clone.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(clone)\n      };\n      clone.translator = new Translator(clone.services, clone.options);\n      clone.translator.on('*', function (event) {\n        for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4 > 1 ? _len4 - 1 : 0), _key4 = 1; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n          args[_key4 - 1] = arguments[_key4];\n        }\n        clone.emit.apply(clone, [event].concat(args));\n      });\n      clone.init(mergedOptions, callback);\n      clone.translator.options = clone.options;\n      clone.translator.backendConnector.services.utils = {\n        hasLoadedNamespace: clone.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(clone)\n      };\n      return clone;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON() {\n      return {\n        options: this.options,\n        store: this.store,\n        language: this.language,\n        languages: this.languages\n      };\n    }\n  }]);\n  return I18n;\n}(EventEmitter);\nvar i18next = new I18n();\nexport default i18next;","import _classCallCheck from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/classCallCheck\";\nimport _createClass from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/createClass\";\nimport _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React from 'react';\nvar defaultOptions = {\n  bindI18n: 'languageChanged',\n  bindI18nStore: '',\n  transEmptyNodeValue: '',\n  transSupportBasicHtmlNodes: true,\n  transWrapTextNodes: '',\n  transKeepBasicHtmlNodesFor: ['br', 'strong', 'i', 'p'],\n  useSuspense: true\n};\nvar i18nInstance;\nexport var I18nContext = React.createContext();\nexport function setDefaults() {\n  var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  defaultOptions = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, defaultOptions), options);\n}\nexport function getDefaults() {\n  return defaultOptions;\n}\nexport var ReportNamespaces = function () {\n  function ReportNamespaces() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ReportNamespaces);\n    this.usedNamespaces = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(ReportNamespaces, [{\n    key: \"addUsedNamespaces\",\n    value: function addUsedNamespaces(namespaces) {\n      var _this = this;\n      namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n        if (!_this.usedNamespaces[ns]) _this.usedNamespaces[ns] = true;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getUsedNamespaces\",\n    value: function getUsedNamespaces() {\n      return Object.keys(this.usedNamespaces);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ReportNamespaces;\n}();\nexport function setI18n(instance) {\n  i18nInstance = instance;\n}\nexport function getI18n() {\n  return i18nInstance;\n}\nexport var initReactI18next = {\n  type: '3rdParty',\n  init: function init(instance) {\n    setDefaults(instance.options.react);\n    setI18n(instance);\n  }\n};\nexport function composeInitialProps(ForComponent) {\n  return function (ctx) {\n    return new Promise(function (resolve) {\n      var i18nInitialProps = getInitialProps();\n      if (ForComponent.getInitialProps) {\n        ForComponent.getInitialProps(ctx).then(function (componentsInitialProps) {\n          resolve(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, componentsInitialProps), i18nInitialProps));\n        });\n      } else {\n        resolve(i18nInitialProps);\n      }\n    });\n  };\n}\nexport function getInitialProps() {\n  var i18n = getI18n();\n  var namespaces = i18n.reportNamespaces ? i18n.reportNamespaces.getUsedNamespaces() : [];\n  var ret = {};\n  var initialI18nStore = {};\n  i18n.languages.forEach(function (l) {\n    initialI18nStore[l] = {};\n    namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n      initialI18nStore[l][ns] = i18n.getResourceBundle(l, ns) || {};\n    });\n  });\n  ret.initialI18nStore = initialI18nStore;\n  ret.initialLanguage = i18n.language;\n  return ret;\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/slicedToArray\";\nimport _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport { useState, useEffect, useContext, useRef } from 'react';\nimport { getI18n, getDefaults, ReportNamespaces, I18nContext } from './context';\nimport { warnOnce, loadNamespaces, hasLoadedNamespace } from './utils';\nexport function useTranslation(ns) {\n  var props = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var i18nFromProps = props.i18n;\n  var _ref = useContext(I18nContext) || {},\n    i18nFromContext = _ref.i18n,\n    defaultNSFromContext = _ref.defaultNS;\n  var i18n = i18nFromProps || i18nFromContext || getI18n();\n  if (i18n && !i18n.reportNamespaces) i18n.reportNamespaces = new ReportNamespaces();\n  if (!i18n) {\n    warnOnce('You will need to pass in an i18next instance by using initReactI18next');\n    var notReadyT = function notReadyT(k) {\n      return Array.isArray(k) ? k[k.length - 1] : k;\n    };\n    var retNotReady = [notReadyT, {}, false];\n    retNotReady.t = notReadyT;\n    retNotReady.i18n = {};\n    retNotReady.ready = false;\n    return retNotReady;\n  }\n  if (i18n.options.react && i18n.options.react.wait !== undefined) warnOnce('It seems you are still using the old wait option, you may migrate to the new useSuspense behaviour.');\n  var i18nOptions = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, getDefaults()), i18n.options.react), props);\n  var useSuspense = i18nOptions.useSuspense;\n  var namespaces = ns || defaultNSFromContext || i18n.options && i18n.options.defaultNS;\n  namespaces = typeof namespaces === 'string' ? [namespaces] : namespaces || ['translation'];\n  if (i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces) i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces(namespaces);\n  var ready = (i18n.isInitialized || i18n.initializedStoreOnce) && namespaces.every(function (n) {\n    return hasLoadedNamespace(n, i18n, i18nOptions);\n  });\n  function getT() {\n    return i18n.getFixedT(null, i18nOptions.nsMode === 'fallback' ? namespaces : namespaces[0]);\n  }\n  var _useState = useState(getT),\n    _useState2 = _slicedToArray(_useState, 2),\n    t = _useState2[0],\n    setT = _useState2[1];\n  var isMounted = useRef(true);\n  useEffect(function () {\n    var bindI18n = i18nOptions.bindI18n,\n      bindI18nStore = i18nOptions.bindI18nStore;\n    isMounted.current = true;\n    if (!ready && !useSuspense) {\n      loadNamespaces(i18n, namespaces, function () {\n        if (isMounted.current) setT(getT);\n      });\n    }\n    function boundReset() {\n      if (isMounted.current) setT(getT);\n    }\n    if (bindI18n && i18n) i18n.on(bindI18n, boundReset);\n    if (bindI18nStore && i18n) i18n.store.on(bindI18nStore, boundReset);\n    return function () {\n      isMounted.current = false;\n      if (bindI18n && i18n) bindI18n.split(' ').forEach(function (e) {\n        return i18n.off(e, boundReset);\n      });\n      if (bindI18nStore && i18n) bindI18nStore.split(' ').forEach(function (e) {\n        return i18n.store.off(e, boundReset);\n      });\n    };\n  }, [i18n, namespaces.join()]);\n  var isInitial = useRef(true);\n  useEffect(function () {\n    if (isMounted.current && !isInitial.current) {\n      setT(getT);\n    }\n    isInitial.current = false;\n  }, [i18n]);\n  var ret = [t, i18n, ready];\n  ret.t = t;\n  ret.i18n = i18n;\n  ret.ready = ready;\n  if (ready) return ret;\n  if (!ready && !useSuspense) return ret;\n  throw new Promise(function (resolve) {\n    loadNamespaces(i18n, namespaces, function () {\n      resolve();\n    });\n  });\n}","export function warn() {\n  if (console && console.warn) {\n    var _console;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    if (typeof args[0] === 'string') args[0] = \"react-i18next:: \".concat(args[0]);\n    (_console = console).warn.apply(_console, args);\n  }\n}\nvar alreadyWarned = {};\nexport function warnOnce() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  if (typeof args[0] === 'string' && alreadyWarned[args[0]]) return;\n  if (typeof args[0] === 'string') alreadyWarned[args[0]] = new Date();\n  warn.apply(void 0, args);\n}\nexport function loadNamespaces(i18n, ns, cb) {\n  i18n.loadNamespaces(ns, function () {\n    if (i18n.isInitialized) {\n      cb();\n    } else {\n      var initialized = function initialized() {\n        setTimeout(function () {\n          i18n.off('initialized', initialized);\n        }, 0);\n        cb();\n      };\n      i18n.on('initialized', initialized);\n    }\n  });\n}\nexport function hasLoadedNamespace(ns, i18n) {\n  var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  if (!i18n.languages || !i18n.languages.length) {\n    warnOnce('i18n.languages were undefined or empty', i18n.languages);\n    return true;\n  }\n  var lng = i18n.languages[0];\n  var fallbackLng = i18n.options ? i18n.options.fallbackLng : false;\n  var lastLng = i18n.languages[i18n.languages.length - 1];\n  if (lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return true;\n  var loadNotPending = function loadNotPending(l, n) {\n    var loadState = i18n.services.backendConnector.state[\"\".concat(l, \"|\").concat(n)];\n    return loadState === -1 || loadState === 2;\n  };\n  if (options.bindI18n && options.bindI18n.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 && i18n.services.backendConnector.backend && i18n.isLanguageChangingTo && !loadNotPending(i18n.isLanguageChangingTo, ns)) return false;\n  if (i18n.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) return true;\n  if (!i18n.services.backendConnector.backend) return true;\n  if (loadNotPending(lng, ns) && (!fallbackLng || loadNotPending(lastLng, ns))) return true;\n  return false;\n}\nexport function getDisplayName(Component) {\n  return Component.displayName || Component.name || (typeof Component === 'string' && Component.length > 0 ? Component : 'Unknown');\n}","import _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nimport _slicedToArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/slicedToArray\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/objectWithoutProperties\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React from 'react';\nimport { useTranslation } from './useTranslation';\nimport { getDisplayName } from './utils';\nexport function withTranslation(ns) {\n  var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  return function Extend(WrappedComponent) {\n    function I18nextWithTranslation(_ref) {\n      var forwardedRef = _ref.forwardedRef,\n        rest = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"forwardedRef\"]);\n      var _useTranslation = useTranslation(ns, rest),\n        _useTranslation2 = _slicedToArray(_useTranslation, 3),\n        t = _useTranslation2[0],\n        i18n = _useTranslation2[1],\n        ready = _useTranslation2[2];\n      var passDownProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rest), {}, {\n        t: t,\n        i18n: i18n,\n        tReady: ready\n      });\n      if (options.withRef && forwardedRef) {\n        passDownProps.ref = forwardedRef;\n      } else if (!options.withRef && forwardedRef) {\n        passDownProps.forwardedRef = forwardedRef;\n      }\n      return React.createElement(WrappedComponent, passDownProps);\n    }\n    I18nextWithTranslation.displayName = \"withI18nextTranslation(\".concat(getDisplayName(WrappedComponent), \")\");\n    I18nextWithTranslation.WrappedComponent = WrappedComponent;\n    var forwardRef = function forwardRef(props, ref) {\n      return React.createElement(I18nextWithTranslation, Object.assign({}, props, {\n        forwardedRef: ref\n      }));\n    };\n    return options.withRef ? React.forwardRef(forwardRef) : I18nextWithTranslation;\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\nvar Motion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(Motion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(Motion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      // TOOD: warn against putting a config in here\n      defaultStyle: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number),\n      style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].number, _propTypes2['default'].object])).isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      onRest: _propTypes2['default'].func\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function Motion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Motion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.wasAnimating = false;\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyle = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (destStyle) {\n      var dirty = false;\n      var _state = _this.state;\n      var currentStyle = _state.currentStyle;\n      var currentVelocity = _state.currentVelocity;\n      var lastIdealStyle = _state.lastIdealStyle;\n      var lastIdealVelocity = _state.lastIdealVelocity;\n      for (var key in destStyle) {\n        if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(destStyle, key)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n        var styleValue = destStyle[key];\n        if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n          if (!dirty) {\n            dirty = true;\n            currentStyle = _extends({}, currentStyle);\n            currentVelocity = _extends({}, currentVelocity);\n            lastIdealStyle = _extends({}, lastIdealStyle);\n            lastIdealVelocity = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocity);\n          }\n          currentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n          currentVelocity[key] = 0;\n          lastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n          lastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n        }\n      }\n      if (dirty) {\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyle: currentStyle,\n          currentVelocity: currentVelocity,\n          lastIdealStyle: lastIdealStyle,\n          lastIdealVelocity: lastIdealVelocity\n        });\n      }\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        var propsStyle = _this.props.style;\n        if (_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](_this.state.currentStyle, propsStyle, _this.state.currentVelocity)) {\n          if (_this.wasAnimating && _this.props.onRest) {\n            _this.props.onRest();\n          }\n\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.wasAnimating = false;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        _this.wasAnimating = true;\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n        var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n        var newCurrentStyle = {};\n        var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n        for (var key in propsStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propsStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = propsStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n            newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n            newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n            newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n          } else {\n            var newLastIdealStyleValue = _this.state.lastIdealStyle[key];\n            var newLastIdealVelocityValue = _this.state.lastIdealVelocity[key];\n            for (var i = 0; i < framesToCatchUp; i++) {\n              var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n              newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n            }\n            var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n            var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n            var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n            newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n            newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n            newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n            newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n          }\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyle: newCurrentStyle,\n          currentVelocity: newCurrentVelocity,\n          lastIdealStyle: newLastIdealStyle,\n          lastIdealVelocity: newLastIdealVelocity\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyle = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  Motion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyle = _props.defaultStyle;\n    var style = _props.style;\n    var currentStyle = defaultStyle || _stripStyle2['default'](style);\n    var currentVelocity = _mapToZero2['default'](currentStyle);\n    return {\n      currentStyle: currentStyle,\n      currentVelocity: currentVelocity,\n      lastIdealStyle: currentStyle,\n      lastIdealVelocity: currentVelocity\n    };\n  };\n\n  // it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n  // changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n  // at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n  // compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n  // In reality currentStyle should be 400\n\n  Motion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyle != null) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyle);\n    }\n    this.unreadPropStyle = props.style;\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(this.state.currentStyle);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return Motion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = Motion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// after checking for unreadPropStyle != null, we manually go set the\n// non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n// config)","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\nfunction shouldStopAnimationAll(currentStyles, styles, currentVelocities) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < currentStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (!_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](currentStyles[i], styles[i], currentVelocities[i])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\nvar StaggeredMotion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(StaggeredMotion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(StaggeredMotion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      // TOOD: warn against putting a config in here\n      defaultStyles: _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number)),\n      styles: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function StaggeredMotion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, StaggeredMotion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (unreadPropStyles) {\n      var _state = _this.state;\n      var currentStyles = _state.currentStyles;\n      var currentVelocities = _state.currentVelocities;\n      var lastIdealStyles = _state.lastIdealStyles;\n      var lastIdealVelocities = _state.lastIdealVelocities;\n      var someDirty = false;\n      for (var i = 0; i < unreadPropStyles.length; i++) {\n        var unreadPropStyle = unreadPropStyles[i];\n        var dirty = false;\n        for (var key in unreadPropStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(unreadPropStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = unreadPropStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            if (!dirty) {\n              dirty = true;\n              someDirty = true;\n              currentStyles[i] = _extends({}, currentStyles[i]);\n              currentVelocities[i] = _extends({}, currentVelocities[i]);\n              lastIdealStyles[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealStyles[i]);\n              lastIdealVelocities[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocities[i]);\n            }\n            currentStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            currentVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            lastIdealStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            lastIdealVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      if (someDirty) {\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: currentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities\n        });\n      }\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        var destStyles = _this.props.styles(_this.state.lastIdealStyles);\n\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        if (shouldStopAnimationAll(_this.state.currentStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities)) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var newLastIdealStyles = [];\n        var newLastIdealVelocities = [];\n        var newCurrentStyles = [];\n        var newCurrentVelocities = [];\n        for (var i = 0; i < destStyles.length; i++) {\n          var destStyle = destStyles[i];\n          var newCurrentStyle = {};\n          var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n          var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n          var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n          for (var key in destStyle) {\n            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(destStyle, key)) {\n              continue;\n            }\n            var styleValue = destStyle[key];\n            if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n            } else {\n              var newLastIdealStyleValue = _this.state.lastIdealStyles[i][key];\n              var newLastIdealVelocityValue = _this.state.lastIdealVelocities[i][key];\n              for (var j = 0; j < framesToCatchUp; j++) {\n                var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n                newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n                newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n              }\n              var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n              var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n            }\n          }\n          newCurrentStyles[i] = newCurrentStyle;\n          newCurrentVelocities[i] = newCurrentVelocity;\n          newLastIdealStyles[i] = newLastIdealStyle;\n          newLastIdealVelocities[i] = newLastIdealVelocity;\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: newCurrentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: newCurrentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: newLastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: newLastIdealVelocities\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyles = _props.defaultStyles;\n    var styles = _props.styles;\n    var currentStyles = defaultStyles || styles().map(_stripStyle2['default']);\n    var currentVelocities = currentStyles.map(function (currentStyle) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](currentStyle);\n    });\n    return {\n      currentStyles: currentStyles,\n      currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n      lastIdealStyles: currentStyles,\n      lastIdealVelocities: currentVelocities\n    };\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyles != null) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyles);\n    }\n    this.unreadPropStyles = props.styles(this.state.lastIdealStyles);\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(this.state.currentStyles);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return StaggeredMotion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = StaggeredMotion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n// changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n// at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n// compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n// In reality currentStyle should be 400\n\n// after checking for unreadPropStyles != null, we manually go set the\n// non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n// config)","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _mergeDiff = require('./mergeDiff');\nvar _mergeDiff2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mergeDiff);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\n\n// the children function & (potential) styles function asks as param an\n// Array<TransitionPlainStyle>, where each TransitionPlainStyle is of the format\n// {key: string, data?: any, style: PlainStyle}. However, the way we keep\n// internal states doesn't contain such a data structure (check the state and\n// TransitionMotionState). So when children function and others ask for such\n// data we need to generate them on the fly by combining mergedPropsStyles and\n// currentStyles/lastIdealStyles\nfunction rehydrateStyles(mergedPropsStyles, unreadPropStyles, plainStyles) {\n  // Copy the value to a `const` so that Flow understands that the const won't\n  // change and will be non-nullable in the callback below.\n  var cUnreadPropStyles = unreadPropStyles;\n  if (cUnreadPropStyles == null) {\n    return mergedPropsStyles.map(function (mergedPropsStyle, i) {\n      return {\n        key: mergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: mergedPropsStyle.data,\n        style: plainStyles[i]\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  return mergedPropsStyles.map(function (mergedPropsStyle, i) {\n    for (var j = 0; j < cUnreadPropStyles.length; j++) {\n      if (cUnreadPropStyles[j].key === mergedPropsStyle.key) {\n        return {\n          key: cUnreadPropStyles[j].key,\n          data: cUnreadPropStyles[j].data,\n          style: plainStyles[i]\n        };\n      }\n    }\n    return {\n      key: mergedPropsStyle.key,\n      data: mergedPropsStyle.data,\n      style: plainStyles[i]\n    };\n  });\n}\nfunction shouldStopAnimationAll(currentStyles, destStyles, currentVelocities, mergedPropsStyles) {\n  if (mergedPropsStyles.length !== destStyles.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < mergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (mergedPropsStyles[i].key !== destStyles[i].key) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // we have the invariant that mergedPropsStyles and\n  // currentStyles/currentVelocities/last* are synced in terms of cells, see\n  // mergeAndSync comment for more info\n  for (var i = 0; i < mergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (!_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](currentStyles[i], destStyles[i].style, currentVelocities[i])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\n// core key merging logic\n\n// things to do: say previously merged style is {a, b}, dest style (prop) is {b,\n// c}, previous current (interpolating) style is {a, b}\n// **invariant**: current[i] corresponds to merged[i] in terms of key\n\n// steps:\n// turn merged style into {a?, b, c}\n//    add c, value of c is destStyles.c\n//    maybe remove a, aka call willLeave(a), then merged is either {b, c} or {a, b, c}\n// turn current (interpolating) style from {a, b} into {a?, b, c}\n//    maybe remove a\n//    certainly add c, value of c is willEnter(c)\n// loop over merged and construct new current\n// dest doesn't change, that's owner's\nfunction mergeAndSync(willEnter, willLeave, didLeave, oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, oldCurrentStyles, oldCurrentVelocities, oldLastIdealStyles, oldLastIdealVelocities) {\n  var newMergedPropsStyles = _mergeDiff2['default'](oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, function (oldIndex, oldMergedPropsStyle) {\n    var leavingStyle = willLeave(oldMergedPropsStyle);\n    if (leavingStyle == null) {\n      didLeave({\n        key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data\n      });\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](oldCurrentStyles[oldIndex], leavingStyle, oldCurrentVelocities[oldIndex])) {\n      didLeave({\n        key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data\n      });\n      return null;\n    }\n    return {\n      key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n      data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data,\n      style: leavingStyle\n    };\n  });\n  var newCurrentStyles = [];\n  var newCurrentVelocities = [];\n  var newLastIdealStyles = [];\n  var newLastIdealVelocities = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < newMergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    var newMergedPropsStyleCell = newMergedPropsStyles[i];\n    var foundOldIndex = null;\n    for (var j = 0; j < oldMergedPropsStyles.length; j++) {\n      if (oldMergedPropsStyles[j].key === newMergedPropsStyleCell.key) {\n        foundOldIndex = j;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    // TODO: key search code\n    if (foundOldIndex == null) {\n      var plainStyle = willEnter(newMergedPropsStyleCell);\n      newCurrentStyles[i] = plainStyle;\n      newLastIdealStyles[i] = plainStyle;\n      var velocity = _mapToZero2['default'](newMergedPropsStyleCell.style);\n      newCurrentVelocities[i] = velocity;\n      newLastIdealVelocities[i] = velocity;\n    } else {\n      newCurrentStyles[i] = oldCurrentStyles[foundOldIndex];\n      newLastIdealStyles[i] = oldLastIdealStyles[foundOldIndex];\n      newCurrentVelocities[i] = oldCurrentVelocities[foundOldIndex];\n      newLastIdealVelocities[i] = oldLastIdealVelocities[foundOldIndex];\n    }\n  }\n  return [newMergedPropsStyles, newCurrentStyles, newCurrentVelocities, newLastIdealStyles, newLastIdealVelocities];\n}\nvar TransitionMotion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(TransitionMotion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(TransitionMotion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      defaultStyles: _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].shape({\n        key: _propTypes2['default'].string.isRequired,\n        data: _propTypes2['default'].any,\n        style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number).isRequired\n      })),\n      styles: _propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].func, _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].shape({\n        key: _propTypes2['default'].string.isRequired,\n        data: _propTypes2['default'].any,\n        style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].number, _propTypes2['default'].object])).isRequired\n      }))]).isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      willEnter: _propTypes2['default'].func,\n      willLeave: _propTypes2['default'].func,\n      didLeave: _propTypes2['default'].func\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }, {\n    key: 'defaultProps',\n    value: {\n      willEnter: function willEnter(styleThatEntered) {\n        return _stripStyle2['default'](styleThatEntered.style);\n      },\n      // recall: returning null makes the current unmounting TransitionStyle\n      // disappear immediately\n      willLeave: function willLeave() {\n        return null;\n      },\n      didLeave: function didLeave() {}\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function TransitionMotion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, TransitionMotion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.unmounting = false;\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (unreadPropStyles) {\n      var _mergeAndSync = mergeAndSync(_this.props.willEnter, _this.props.willLeave, _this.props.didLeave, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles, unreadPropStyles, _this.state.currentStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.lastIdealStyles, _this.state.lastIdealVelocities);\n      var mergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync[0];\n      var currentStyles = _mergeAndSync[1];\n      var currentVelocities = _mergeAndSync[2];\n      var lastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync[3];\n      var lastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync[4];\n      for (var i = 0; i < unreadPropStyles.length; i++) {\n        var unreadPropStyle = unreadPropStyles[i].style;\n        var dirty = false;\n        for (var key in unreadPropStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(unreadPropStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = unreadPropStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            if (!dirty) {\n              dirty = true;\n              currentStyles[i] = _extends({}, currentStyles[i]);\n              currentVelocities[i] = _extends({}, currentVelocities[i]);\n              lastIdealStyles[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealStyles[i]);\n              lastIdealVelocities[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocities[i]);\n              mergedPropsStyles[i] = {\n                key: mergedPropsStyles[i].key,\n                data: mergedPropsStyles[i].data,\n                style: _extends({}, mergedPropsStyles[i].style)\n              };\n            }\n            currentStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            currentVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            lastIdealStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            lastIdealVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            mergedPropsStyles[i].style[key] = styleValue;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // unlike the other 2 components, we can't detect staleness and optionally\n      // opt out of setState here. each style object's data might contain new\n      // stuff we're not/cannot compare\n      _this.setState({\n        currentStyles: currentStyles,\n        currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n        mergedPropsStyles: mergedPropsStyles,\n        lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n        lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities\n      });\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      if (_this.unmounting) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        // https://github.com/chenglou/react-motion/pull/420\n        // > if execution passes the conditional if (this.unmounting), then\n        // executes async defaultRaf and after that component unmounts and after\n        // that the callback of defaultRaf is called, then setState will be called\n        // on unmounted component.\n        if (_this.unmounting) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var propStyles = _this.props.styles;\n        var destStyles = typeof propStyles === 'function' ? propStyles(rehydrateStyles(_this.state.mergedPropsStyles, _this.unreadPropStyles, _this.state.lastIdealStyles)) : propStyles;\n\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        if (shouldStopAnimationAll(_this.state.currentStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles)) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var _mergeAndSync2 = mergeAndSync(_this.props.willEnter, _this.props.willLeave, _this.props.didLeave, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.lastIdealStyles, _this.state.lastIdealVelocities);\n        var newMergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync2[0];\n        var newCurrentStyles = _mergeAndSync2[1];\n        var newCurrentVelocities = _mergeAndSync2[2];\n        var newLastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync2[3];\n        var newLastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync2[4];\n        for (var i = 0; i < newMergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n          var newMergedPropsStyle = newMergedPropsStyles[i].style;\n          var newCurrentStyle = {};\n          var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n          var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n          var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n          for (var key in newMergedPropsStyle) {\n            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(newMergedPropsStyle, key)) {\n              continue;\n            }\n            var styleValue = newMergedPropsStyle[key];\n            if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n            } else {\n              var newLastIdealStyleValue = newLastIdealStyles[i][key];\n              var newLastIdealVelocityValue = newLastIdealVelocities[i][key];\n              for (var j = 0; j < framesToCatchUp; j++) {\n                var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n                newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n                newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n              }\n              var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n              var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n            }\n          }\n          newLastIdealStyles[i] = newLastIdealStyle;\n          newLastIdealVelocities[i] = newLastIdealVelocity;\n          newCurrentStyles[i] = newCurrentStyle;\n          newCurrentVelocities[i] = newCurrentVelocity;\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: newCurrentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: newCurrentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: newLastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: newLastIdealVelocities,\n          mergedPropsStyles: newMergedPropsStyles\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyles = _props.defaultStyles;\n    var styles = _props.styles;\n    var willEnter = _props.willEnter;\n    var willLeave = _props.willLeave;\n    var didLeave = _props.didLeave;\n    var destStyles = typeof styles === 'function' ? styles(defaultStyles) : styles;\n\n    // this is special. for the first time around, we don't have a comparison\n    // between last (no last) and current merged props. we'll compute last so:\n    // say default is {a, b} and styles (dest style) is {b, c}, we'll\n    // fabricate last as {a, b}\n    var oldMergedPropsStyles = undefined;\n    if (defaultStyles == null) {\n      oldMergedPropsStyles = destStyles;\n    } else {\n      oldMergedPropsStyles = defaultStyles.map(function (defaultStyleCell) {\n        // TODO: key search code\n        for (var i = 0; i < destStyles.length; i++) {\n          if (destStyles[i].key === defaultStyleCell.key) {\n            return destStyles[i];\n          }\n        }\n        return defaultStyleCell;\n      });\n    }\n    var oldCurrentStyles = defaultStyles == null ? destStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _stripStyle2['default'](s.style);\n    }) : defaultStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _stripStyle2['default'](s.style);\n    });\n    var oldCurrentVelocities = defaultStyles == null ? destStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](s.style);\n    }) : defaultStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](s.style);\n    });\n    var _mergeAndSync3 = mergeAndSync(\n    // Because this is an old-style createReactClass component, Flow doesn't\n    // understand that the willEnter and willLeave props have default values\n    // and will always be present.\n    willEnter, willLeave, didLeave, oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, oldCurrentStyles, oldCurrentVelocities, oldCurrentStyles,\n    // oldLastIdealStyles really\n    oldCurrentVelocities);\n    var mergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync3[0];\n    var currentStyles = _mergeAndSync3[1];\n    var currentVelocities = _mergeAndSync3[2];\n    var lastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync3[3];\n    var lastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync3[4];\n    // oldLastIdealVelocities really\n\n    return {\n      currentStyles: currentStyles,\n      currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n      lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n      lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities,\n      mergedPropsStyles: mergedPropsStyles\n    };\n  };\n\n  // after checking for unreadPropStyles != null, we manually go set the\n  // non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n  // config)\n\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyles) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyles);\n    }\n    var styles = props.styles;\n    if (typeof styles === 'function') {\n      this.unreadPropStyles = styles(rehydrateStyles(this.state.mergedPropsStyles, this.unreadPropStyles, this.state.lastIdealStyles));\n    } else {\n      this.unreadPropStyles = styles;\n    }\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.unmounting = true;\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var hydratedStyles = rehydrateStyles(this.state.mergedPropsStyles, this.unreadPropStyles, this.state.currentStyles);\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(hydratedStyles);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return TransitionMotion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = TransitionMotion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// list of styles, each containing interpolating values. Part of what's passed\n// to children function. Notice that this is\n// Array<ActualInterpolatingStyleObject>, without the wrapper that is {key: ...,\n// data: ... style: ActualInterpolatingStyleObject}. Only mergedPropsStyles\n// contains the key & data info (so that we only have a single source of truth\n// for these, and to save space). Check the comment for `rehydrateStyles` to\n// see how we regenerate the entirety of what's passed to children function\n\n// the array that keeps track of currently rendered stuff! Including stuff\n// that you've unmounted but that's still animating. This is where it lives\n\n// it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n// changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n// at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n// compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n// In reality currentStyle should be 400","// currently used to initiate the velocity style object to 0\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = mapToZero;\nfunction mapToZero(obj) {\n  var ret = {};\n  for (var key in obj) {\n    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n      ret[key] = 0;\n    }\n  }\n  return ret;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// core keys merging algorithm. If previous render's keys are [a, b], and the\n// next render's [c, b, d], what's the final merged keys and ordering?\n\n// - c and a must both be before b\n// - b before d\n// - ordering between a and c ambiguous\n\n// this reduces to merging two partially ordered lists (e.g. lists where not\n// every item has a definite ordering, like comparing a and c above). For the\n// ambiguous ordering we deterministically choose to place the next render's\n// item after the previous'; so c after a\n\n// this is called a topological sorting. Except the existing algorithms don't\n// work well with js bc of the amount of allocation, and isn't optimized for our\n// current use-case bc the runtime is linear in terms of edges (see wiki for\n// meaning), which is huge when two lists have many common elements\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = mergeDiff;\nfunction mergeDiff(prev, next, onRemove) {\n  // bookkeeping for easier access of a key's index below. This is 2 allocations +\n  // potentially triggering chrome hash map mode for objs (so it might be faster\n\n  var prevKeyIndex = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < prev.length; i++) {\n    prevKeyIndex[prev[i].key] = i;\n  }\n  var nextKeyIndex = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n    nextKeyIndex[next[i].key] = i;\n  }\n\n  // first, an overly elaborate way of merging prev and next, eliminating\n  // duplicates (in terms of keys). If there's dupe, keep the item in next).\n  // This way of writing it saves allocations\n  var ret = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n    ret[i] = next[i];\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < prev.length; i++) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextKeyIndex, prev[i].key)) {\n      // this is called my TM's `mergeAndSync`, which calls willLeave. We don't\n      // merge in keys that the user desires to kill\n      var fill = onRemove(i, prev[i]);\n      if (fill != null) {\n        ret.push(fill);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // now all the items all present. Core sorting logic to have the right order\n  return ret.sort(function (a, b) {\n    var nextOrderA = nextKeyIndex[a.key];\n    var nextOrderB = nextKeyIndex[b.key];\n    var prevOrderA = prevKeyIndex[a.key];\n    var prevOrderB = prevKeyIndex[b.key];\n    if (nextOrderA != null && nextOrderB != null) {\n      // both keys in next\n      return nextKeyIndex[a.key] - nextKeyIndex[b.key];\n    } else if (prevOrderA != null && prevOrderB != null) {\n      // both keys in prev\n      return prevKeyIndex[a.key] - prevKeyIndex[b.key];\n    } else if (nextOrderA != null) {\n      // key a in next, key b in prev\n\n      // how to determine the order between a and b? We find a \"pivot\" (term\n      // abuse), a key present in both prev and next, that is sandwiched between\n      // a and b. In the context of our above example, if we're comparing a and\n      // d, b's (the only) pivot\n      for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n        var pivot = next[i].key;\n        if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(prevKeyIndex, pivot)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (nextOrderA < nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderB > prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n          return -1;\n        } else if (nextOrderA > nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderB < prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n          return 1;\n        }\n      }\n      // pluggable. default to: next bigger than prev\n      return 1;\n    }\n    // prevOrderA, nextOrderB\n    for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n      var pivot = next[i].key;\n      if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(prevKeyIndex, pivot)) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      if (nextOrderB < nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderA > prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n        return 1;\n      } else if (nextOrderB > nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderA < prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n        return -1;\n      }\n    }\n    // pluggable. default to: next bigger than prev\n    return -1;\n  });\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n// to loop through and find a key's index each time), but I no longer care","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports[\"default\"] = {\n  noWobble: {\n    stiffness: 170,\n    damping: 26\n  },\n  // the default, if nothing provided\n  gentle: {\n    stiffness: 120,\n    damping: 14\n  },\n  wobbly: {\n    stiffness: 180,\n    damping: 12\n  },\n  stiff: {\n    stiffness: 210,\n    damping: 20\n  }\n};\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nfunction _interopRequire(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj['default'] : obj;\n}\nvar _Motion = require('./Motion');\nexports.Motion = _interopRequire(_Motion);\nvar _StaggeredMotion = require('./StaggeredMotion');\nexports.StaggeredMotion = _interopRequire(_StaggeredMotion);\nvar _TransitionMotion = require('./TransitionMotion');\nexports.TransitionMotion = _interopRequire(_TransitionMotion);\nvar _spring = require('./spring');\nexports.spring = _interopRequire(_spring);\nvar _presets = require('./presets');\nexports.presets = _interopRequire(_presets);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nexports.stripStyle = _interopRequire(_stripStyle);\n\n// deprecated, dummy warning function\n\nvar _reorderKeys = require('./reorderKeys');\nexports.reorderKeys = _interopRequire(_reorderKeys);","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = reorderKeys;\nvar hasWarned = false;\nfunction reorderKeys() {\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {\n    if (!hasWarned) {\n      hasWarned = true;\n      console.error('`reorderKeys` has been removed, since it is no longer needed for TransitionMotion\\'s new styles array API.');\n    }\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// usage assumption: currentStyle values have already been rendered but it says\n// nothing of whether currentStyle is stale (see unreadPropStyle)\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = shouldStopAnimation;\nfunction shouldStopAnimation(currentStyle, style, currentVelocity) {\n  for (var key in style) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(style, key)) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (currentVelocity[key] !== 0) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var styleValue = typeof style[key] === 'number' ? style[key] : style[key].val;\n    // stepper will have already taken care of rounding precision errors, so\n    // won't have such thing as 0.9999 !=== 1\n    if (currentStyle[key] !== styleValue) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nexports['default'] = spring;\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nvar _presets = require('./presets');\nvar _presets2 = _interopRequireDefault(_presets);\nvar defaultConfig = _extends({}, _presets2['default'].noWobble, {\n  precision: 0.01\n});\nfunction spring(val, config) {\n  return _extends({}, defaultConfig, config, {\n    val: val\n  });\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// stepper is used a lot. Saves allocation to return the same array wrapper.\n// This is fine and danger-free against mutations because the callsite\n// immediately destructures it and gets the numbers inside without passing the\n\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports[\"default\"] = stepper;\nvar reusedTuple = [0, 0];\nfunction stepper(secondPerFrame, x, v, destX, k, b, precision) {\n  // Spring stiffness, in kg / s^2\n\n  // for animations, destX is really spring length (spring at rest). initial\n  // position is considered as the stretched/compressed position of a spring\n  var Fspring = -k * (x - destX);\n\n  // Damping, in kg / s\n  var Fdamper = -b * v;\n\n  // usually we put mass here, but for animation purposes, specifying mass is a\n  // bit redundant. you could simply adjust k and b accordingly\n  // let a = (Fspring + Fdamper) / mass;\n  var a = Fspring + Fdamper;\n  var newV = v + a * secondPerFrame;\n  var newX = x + newV * secondPerFrame;\n  if (Math.abs(newV) < precision && Math.abs(newX - destX) < precision) {\n    reusedTuple[0] = destX;\n    reusedTuple[1] = 0;\n    return reusedTuple;\n  }\n  reusedTuple[0] = newX;\n  reusedTuple[1] = newV;\n  return reusedTuple;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];\n// array reference around.","// turn {x: {val: 1, stiffness: 1, damping: 2}, y: 2} generated by\n// `{x: spring(1, {stiffness: 1, damping: 2}), y: 2}` into {x: 1, y: 2}\n\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = stripStyle;\nfunction stripStyle(style) {\n  var ret = {};\n  for (var key in style) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(style, key)) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    ret[key] = typeof style[key] === 'number' ? style[key] : style[key].val;\n  }\n  return ret;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.7.1\n(function () {\n  var getNanoSeconds, hrtime, loadTime;\n  if (typeof performance !== \"undefined\" && performance !== null && performance.now) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return performance.now();\n    };\n  } else if (typeof process !== \"undefined\" && process !== null && process.hrtime) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return (getNanoSeconds() - loadTime) / 1e6;\n    };\n    hrtime = process.hrtime;\n    getNanoSeconds = function getNanoSeconds() {\n      var hr;\n      hr = hrtime();\n      return hr[0] * 1e9 + hr[1];\n    };\n    loadTime = getNanoSeconds();\n  } else if (Date.now) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return Date.now() - loadTime;\n    };\n    loadTime = Date.now();\n  } else {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return new Date().getTime() - loadTime;\n    };\n    loadTime = new Date().getTime();\n  }\n}).call(this);","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar PropTypes = _interopRequireWildcard(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _addClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"dom-helpers/class/addClass\"));\nvar _removeClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"dom-helpers/class/removeClass\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _Transition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./Transition\"));\nvar _PropTypes = require(\"./utils/PropTypes\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _interopRequireWildcard(obj) {\n  if (obj && obj.__esModule) {\n    return obj;\n  } else {\n    var newObj = {};\n    if (obj != null) {\n      for (var key in obj) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n          var desc = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : {};\n          if (desc.get || desc.set) {\n            Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc);\n          } else {\n            newObj[key] = obj[key];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    newObj.default = obj;\n    return newObj;\n  }\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar addClass = function addClass(node, classes) {\n  return node && classes && classes.split(' ').forEach(function (c) {\n    return (0, _addClass.default)(node, c);\n  });\n};\nvar removeClass = function removeClass(node, classes) {\n  return node && classes && classes.split(' ').forEach(function (c) {\n    return (0, _removeClass.default)(node, c);\n  });\n};\n/**\n * A transition component inspired by the excellent\n * [ng-animate](http://www.nganimate.org/) library, you should use it if you're\n * using CSS transitions or animations. It's built upon the\n * [`Transition`](https://reactcommunity.org/react-transition-group/transition)\n * component, so it inherits all of its props.\n *\n * `CSSTransition` applies a pair of class names during the `appear`, `enter`,\n * and `exit` states of the transition. The first class is applied and then a\n * second `*-active` class in order to activate the CSSS transition. After the\n * transition, matching `*-done` class names are applied to persist the\n * transition state.\n *\n * ```jsx\n * function App() {\n *   const [inProp, setInProp] = useState(false);\n *   return (\n *     <div>\n *       <CSSTransition in={inProp} timeout={200} classNames=\"my-node\">\n *         <div>\n *           {\"I'll receive my-node-* classes\"}\n *         </div>\n *       </CSSTransition>\n *       <button type=\"button\" onClick={() => setInProp(true)}>\n *         Click to Enter\n *       </button>\n *     </div>\n *   );\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * When the `in` prop is set to `true`, the child component will first receive\n * the class `example-enter`, then the `example-enter-active` will be added in\n * the next tick. `CSSTransition` [forces a\n * reflow](https://github.com/reactjs/react-transition-group/blob/5007303e729a74be66a21c3e2205e4916821524b/src/CSSTransition.js#L208-L215)\n * between before adding the `example-enter-active`. This is an important trick\n * because it allows us to transition between `example-enter` and\n * `example-enter-active` even though they were added immediately one after\n * another. Most notably, this is what makes it possible for us to animate\n * _appearance_.\n *\n * ```css\n * .my-node-enter {\n *   opacity: 0;\n * }\n * .my-node-enter-active {\n *   opacity: 1;\n *   transition: opacity 200ms;\n * }\n * .my-node-exit {\n *   opacity: 1;\n * }\n * .my-node-exit-active {\n *   opacity: 0;\n *   transition: opacity: 200ms;\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * `*-active` classes represent which styles you want to animate **to**.\n */\n\nvar CSSTransition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(CSSTransition, _React$Component);\n  function CSSTransition() {\n    var _this;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _React$Component.call.apply(_React$Component, [this].concat(args)) || this;\n    _this.onEnter = function (node, appearing) {\n      var _this$getClassNames = _this.getClassNames(appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter'),\n        className = _this$getClassNames.className;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'exit');\n      addClass(node, className);\n      if (_this.props.onEnter) {\n        _this.props.onEnter(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onEntering = function (node, appearing) {\n      var _this$getClassNames2 = _this.getClassNames(appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter'),\n        activeClassName = _this$getClassNames2.activeClassName;\n      _this.reflowAndAddClass(node, activeClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onEntering) {\n        _this.props.onEntering(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onEntered = function (node, appearing) {\n      var appearClassName = _this.getClassNames('appear').doneClassName;\n      var enterClassName = _this.getClassNames('enter').doneClassName;\n      var doneClassName = appearing ? appearClassName + \" \" + enterClassName : enterClassName;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter');\n      addClass(node, doneClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onEntered) {\n        _this.props.onEntered(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExit = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames3 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        className = _this$getClassNames3.className;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'appear');\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'enter');\n      addClass(node, className);\n      if (_this.props.onExit) {\n        _this.props.onExit(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExiting = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames4 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        activeClassName = _this$getClassNames4.activeClassName;\n      _this.reflowAndAddClass(node, activeClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onExiting) {\n        _this.props.onExiting(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExited = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames5 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        doneClassName = _this$getClassNames5.doneClassName;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'exit');\n      addClass(node, doneClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onExited) {\n        _this.props.onExited(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.getClassNames = function (type) {\n      var classNames = _this.props.classNames;\n      var isStringClassNames = typeof classNames === 'string';\n      var prefix = isStringClassNames && classNames ? classNames + '-' : '';\n      var className = isStringClassNames ? prefix + type : classNames[type];\n      var activeClassName = isStringClassNames ? className + '-active' : classNames[type + 'Active'];\n      var doneClassName = isStringClassNames ? className + '-done' : classNames[type + 'Done'];\n      return {\n        className: className,\n        activeClassName: activeClassName,\n        doneClassName: doneClassName\n      };\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = CSSTransition.prototype;\n  _proto.removeClasses = function removeClasses(node, type) {\n    var _this$getClassNames6 = this.getClassNames(type),\n      className = _this$getClassNames6.className,\n      activeClassName = _this$getClassNames6.activeClassName,\n      doneClassName = _this$getClassNames6.doneClassName;\n    className && removeClass(node, className);\n    activeClassName && removeClass(node, activeClassName);\n    doneClassName && removeClass(node, doneClassName);\n  };\n  _proto.reflowAndAddClass = function reflowAndAddClass(node, className) {\n    // This is for to force a repaint,\n    // which is necessary in order to transition styles when adding a class name.\n    if (className) {\n      /* eslint-disable no-unused-expressions */\n      node && node.scrollTop;\n      /* eslint-enable no-unused-expressions */\n\n      addClass(node, className);\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var props = _extends({}, this.props);\n    delete props.classNames;\n    return _react.default.createElement(_Transition.default, _extends({}, props, {\n      onEnter: this.onEnter,\n      onEntered: this.onEntered,\n      onEntering: this.onEntering,\n      onExit: this.onExit,\n      onExiting: this.onExiting,\n      onExited: this.onExited\n    }));\n  };\n  return CSSTransition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nCSSTransition.defaultProps = {\n  classNames: ''\n};\nCSSTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? _extends({}, _Transition.default.propTypes, {\n  /**\n   * The animation classNames applied to the component as it enters, exits or\n   * has finished the transition. A single name can be provided and it will be\n   * suffixed for each stage: e.g.\n   *\n   * `classNames=\"fade\"` applies `fade-enter`, `fade-enter-active`,\n   * `fade-enter-done`, `fade-exit`, `fade-exit-active`, `fade-exit-done`,\n   * `fade-appear`, `fade-appear-active`, and `fade-appear-done`.\n   *\n   * **Note**: `fade-appear-done` and `fade-enter-done` will _both_ be applied.\n   * This allows you to define different behavior for when appearing is done and\n   * when regular entering is done, using selectors like\n   * `.fade-enter-done:not(.fade-appear-done)`. For example, you could apply an\n   * epic entrance animation when element first appears in the DOM using\n   * [Animate.css](https://daneden.github.io/animate.css/). Otherwise you can\n   * simply use `fade-enter-done` for defining both cases.\n   *\n   * Each individual classNames can also be specified independently like:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * classNames={{\n   *  appear: 'my-appear',\n   *  appearActive: 'my-active-appear',\n   *  appearDone: 'my-done-appear',\n   *  enter: 'my-enter',\n   *  enterActive: 'my-active-enter',\n   *  enterDone: 'my-done-enter',\n   *  exit: 'my-exit',\n   *  exitActive: 'my-active-exit',\n   *  exitDone: 'my-done-exit',\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * If you want to set these classes using CSS Modules:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * import styles from './styles.css';\n   * ```\n   *\n   * you might want to use camelCase in your CSS file, that way could simply\n   * spread them instead of listing them one by one:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * classNames={{ ...styles }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * @type {string | {\n   *  appear?: string,\n   *  appearActive?: string,\n   *  appearDone?: string,\n   *  enter?: string,\n   *  enterActive?: string,\n   *  enterDone?: string,\n   *  exit?: string,\n   *  exitActive?: string,\n   *  exitDone?: string,\n   * }}\n   */\n  classNames: _PropTypes.classNamesShape,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter' or 'appear' class is\n   * applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEnter: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter-active' or\n   * 'appear-active' class is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntering: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter' or\n   * 'appear' classes are **removed** and the `done` class is added to the DOM node.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntered: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit' class is\n   * applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExit: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit-active' is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExiting: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit' classes\n   * are **removed** and the `exit-done` class is added to the DOM node.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExited: PropTypes.func\n}) : {};\nvar _default = CSSTransition;\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactDom = require(\"react-dom\");\nvar _TransitionGroup = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./TransitionGroup\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `<ReplaceTransition>` component is a specialized `Transition` component\n * that animates between two children.\n *\n * ```jsx\n * <ReplaceTransition in>\n *   <Fade><div>I appear first</div></Fade>\n *   <Fade><div>I replace the above</div></Fade>\n * </ReplaceTransition>\n * ```\n */\nvar ReplaceTransition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(ReplaceTransition, _React$Component);\n  function ReplaceTransition() {\n    var _this;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, _args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      _args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _React$Component.call.apply(_React$Component, [this].concat(_args)) || this;\n    _this.handleEnter = function () {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEnter', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleEntering = function () {\n      for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n        args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEntering', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleEntered = function () {\n      for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n        args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEntered', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExit = function () {\n      for (var _len5 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len5), _key5 = 0; _key5 < _len5; _key5++) {\n        args[_key5] = arguments[_key5];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExit', 1, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExiting = function () {\n      for (var _len6 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len6), _key6 = 0; _key6 < _len6; _key6++) {\n        args[_key6] = arguments[_key6];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExiting', 1, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExited = function () {\n      for (var _len7 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len7), _key7 = 0; _key7 < _len7; _key7++) {\n        args[_key7] = arguments[_key7];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExited', 1, args);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = ReplaceTransition.prototype;\n  _proto.handleLifecycle = function handleLifecycle(handler, idx, originalArgs) {\n    var _child$props;\n    var children = this.props.children;\n    var child = _react.default.Children.toArray(children)[idx];\n    if (child.props[handler]) (_child$props = child.props)[handler].apply(_child$props, originalArgs);\n    if (this.props[handler]) this.props[handler]((0, _reactDom.findDOMNode)(this));\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      children = _this$props.children,\n      inProp = _this$props.in,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"children\", \"in\"]);\n    var _React$Children$toArr = _react.default.Children.toArray(children),\n      first = _React$Children$toArr[0],\n      second = _React$Children$toArr[1];\n    delete props.onEnter;\n    delete props.onEntering;\n    delete props.onEntered;\n    delete props.onExit;\n    delete props.onExiting;\n    delete props.onExited;\n    return _react.default.createElement(_TransitionGroup.default, props, inProp ? _react.default.cloneElement(first, {\n      key: 'first',\n      onEnter: this.handleEnter,\n      onEntering: this.handleEntering,\n      onEntered: this.handleEntered\n    }) : _react.default.cloneElement(second, {\n      key: 'second',\n      onEnter: this.handleExit,\n      onEntering: this.handleExiting,\n      onEntered: this.handleExited\n    }));\n  };\n  return ReplaceTransition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nReplaceTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  in: _propTypes.default.bool.isRequired,\n  children: function children(props, propName) {\n    if (_react.default.Children.count(props[propName]) !== 2) return new Error(\"\\\"\" + propName + \"\\\" must be exactly two transition components.\");\n    return null;\n  }\n} : {};\nvar _default = ReplaceTransition;\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = exports.EXITING = exports.ENTERED = exports.ENTERING = exports.EXITED = exports.UNMOUNTED = void 0;\nvar PropTypes = _interopRequireWildcard(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactDom = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react-dom\"));\nvar _reactLifecyclesCompat = require(\"react-lifecycles-compat\");\nvar _PropTypes = require(\"./utils/PropTypes\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _interopRequireWildcard(obj) {\n  if (obj && obj.__esModule) {\n    return obj;\n  } else {\n    var newObj = {};\n    if (obj != null) {\n      for (var key in obj) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n          var desc = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : {};\n          if (desc.get || desc.set) {\n            Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc);\n          } else {\n            newObj[key] = obj[key];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    newObj.default = obj;\n    return newObj;\n  }\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar UNMOUNTED = 'unmounted';\nexports.UNMOUNTED = UNMOUNTED;\nvar EXITED = 'exited';\nexports.EXITED = EXITED;\nvar ENTERING = 'entering';\nexports.ENTERING = ENTERING;\nvar ENTERED = 'entered';\nexports.ENTERED = ENTERED;\nvar EXITING = 'exiting';\n/**\n * The Transition component lets you describe a transition from one component\n * state to another _over time_ with a simple declarative API. Most commonly\n * it's used to animate the mounting and unmounting of a component, but can also\n * be used to describe in-place transition states as well.\n *\n * ---\n *\n * **Note**: `Transition` is a platform-agnostic base component. If you're using\n * transitions in CSS, you'll probably want to use\n * [`CSSTransition`](https://reactcommunity.org/react-transition-group/css-transition)\n * instead. It inherits all the features of `Transition`, but contains\n * additional features necessary to play nice with CSS transitions (hence the\n * name of the component).\n *\n * ---\n *\n * By default the `Transition` component does not alter the behavior of the\n * component it renders, it only tracks \"enter\" and \"exit\" states for the\n * components. It's up to you to give meaning and effect to those states. For\n * example we can add styles to a component when it enters or exits:\n *\n * ```jsx\n * import { Transition } from 'react-transition-group';\n *\n * const duration = 300;\n *\n * const defaultStyle = {\n *   transition: `opacity ${duration}ms ease-in-out`,\n *   opacity: 0,\n * }\n *\n * const transitionStyles = {\n *   entering: { opacity: 0 },\n *   entered:  { opacity: 1 },\n * };\n *\n * const Fade = ({ in: inProp }) => (\n *   <Transition in={inProp} timeout={duration}>\n *     {state => (\n *       <div style={{\n *         ...defaultStyle,\n *         ...transitionStyles[state]\n *       }}>\n *         I'm a fade Transition!\n *       </div>\n *     )}\n *   </Transition>\n * );\n * ```\n *\n * There are 4 main states a Transition can be in:\n *  - `'entering'`\n *  - `'entered'`\n *  - `'exiting'`\n *  - `'exited'`\n *\n * Transition state is toggled via the `in` prop. When `true` the component\n * begins the \"Enter\" stage. During this stage, the component will shift from\n * its current transition state, to `'entering'` for the duration of the\n * transition and then to the `'entered'` stage once it's complete. Let's take\n * the following example (we'll use the\n * [useState](https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usestate) hook):\n *\n * ```jsx\n * function App() {\n *   const [inProp, setInProp] = useState(false);\n *   return (\n *     <div>\n *       <Transition in={inProp} timeout={500}>\n *         {state => (\n *           // ...\n *         )}\n *       </Transition>\n *       <button onClick={() => setInProp(true)}>\n *         Click to Enter\n *       </button>\n *     </div>\n *   );\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * When the button is clicked the component will shift to the `'entering'` state\n * and stay there for 500ms (the value of `timeout`) before it finally switches\n * to `'entered'`.\n *\n * When `in` is `false` the same thing happens except the state moves from\n * `'exiting'` to `'exited'`.\n */\n\nexports.EXITING = EXITING;\nvar Transition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(Transition, _React$Component);\n  function Transition(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var parentGroup = context.transitionGroup; // In the context of a TransitionGroup all enters are really appears\n\n    var appear = parentGroup && !parentGroup.isMounting ? props.enter : props.appear;\n    var initialStatus;\n    _this.appearStatus = null;\n    if (props.in) {\n      if (appear) {\n        initialStatus = EXITED;\n        _this.appearStatus = ENTERING;\n      } else {\n        initialStatus = ENTERED;\n      }\n    } else {\n      if (props.unmountOnExit || props.mountOnEnter) {\n        initialStatus = UNMOUNTED;\n      } else {\n        initialStatus = EXITED;\n      }\n    }\n    _this.state = {\n      status: initialStatus\n    };\n    _this.nextCallback = null;\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = Transition.prototype;\n  _proto.getChildContext = function getChildContext() {\n    return {\n      transitionGroup: null // allows for nested Transitions\n    };\n  };\n\n  Transition.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(_ref, prevState) {\n    var nextIn = _ref.in;\n    if (nextIn && prevState.status === UNMOUNTED) {\n      return {\n        status: EXITED\n      };\n    }\n    return null;\n  }; // getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(prevProps) {\n  //   let nextStatus = null\n  //   if (prevProps !== this.props) {\n  //     const { status } = this.state\n  //     if (this.props.in) {\n  //       if (status !== ENTERING && status !== ENTERED) {\n  //         nextStatus = ENTERING\n  //       }\n  //     } else {\n  //       if (status === ENTERING || status === ENTERED) {\n  //         nextStatus = EXITING\n  //       }\n  //     }\n  //   }\n  //   return { nextStatus }\n  // }\n\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.updateStatus(true, this.appearStatus);\n  };\n  _proto.componentDidUpdate = function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n    var nextStatus = null;\n    if (prevProps !== this.props) {\n      var status = this.state.status;\n      if (this.props.in) {\n        if (status !== ENTERING && status !== ENTERED) {\n          nextStatus = ENTERING;\n        }\n      } else {\n        if (status === ENTERING || status === ENTERED) {\n          nextStatus = EXITING;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    this.updateStatus(false, nextStatus);\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.cancelNextCallback();\n  };\n  _proto.getTimeouts = function getTimeouts() {\n    var timeout = this.props.timeout;\n    var exit, enter, appear;\n    exit = enter = appear = timeout;\n    if (timeout != null && typeof timeout !== 'number') {\n      exit = timeout.exit;\n      enter = timeout.enter; // TODO: remove fallback for next major\n\n      appear = timeout.appear !== undefined ? timeout.appear : enter;\n    }\n    return {\n      exit: exit,\n      enter: enter,\n      appear: appear\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.updateStatus = function updateStatus(mounting, nextStatus) {\n    if (mounting === void 0) {\n      mounting = false;\n    }\n    if (nextStatus !== null) {\n      // nextStatus will always be ENTERING or EXITING.\n      this.cancelNextCallback();\n      var node = _reactDom.default.findDOMNode(this);\n      if (nextStatus === ENTERING) {\n        this.performEnter(node, mounting);\n      } else {\n        this.performExit(node);\n      }\n    } else if (this.props.unmountOnExit && this.state.status === EXITED) {\n      this.setState({\n        status: UNMOUNTED\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.performEnter = function performEnter(node, mounting) {\n    var _this2 = this;\n    var enter = this.props.enter;\n    var appearing = this.context.transitionGroup ? this.context.transitionGroup.isMounting : mounting;\n    var timeouts = this.getTimeouts();\n    var enterTimeout = appearing ? timeouts.appear : timeouts.enter; // no enter animation skip right to ENTERED\n    // if we are mounting and running this it means appear _must_ be set\n\n    if (!mounting && !enter) {\n      this.safeSetState({\n        status: ENTERED\n      }, function () {\n        _this2.props.onEntered(node);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    this.props.onEnter(node, appearing);\n    this.safeSetState({\n      status: ENTERING\n    }, function () {\n      _this2.props.onEntering(node, appearing);\n      _this2.onTransitionEnd(node, enterTimeout, function () {\n        _this2.safeSetState({\n          status: ENTERED\n        }, function () {\n          _this2.props.onEntered(node, appearing);\n        });\n      });\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.performExit = function performExit(node) {\n    var _this3 = this;\n    var exit = this.props.exit;\n    var timeouts = this.getTimeouts(); // no exit animation skip right to EXITED\n\n    if (!exit) {\n      this.safeSetState({\n        status: EXITED\n      }, function () {\n        _this3.props.onExited(node);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    this.props.onExit(node);\n    this.safeSetState({\n      status: EXITING\n    }, function () {\n      _this3.props.onExiting(node);\n      _this3.onTransitionEnd(node, timeouts.exit, function () {\n        _this3.safeSetState({\n          status: EXITED\n        }, function () {\n          _this3.props.onExited(node);\n        });\n      });\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.cancelNextCallback = function cancelNextCallback() {\n    if (this.nextCallback !== null) {\n      this.nextCallback.cancel();\n      this.nextCallback = null;\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.safeSetState = function safeSetState(nextState, callback) {\n    // This shouldn't be necessary, but there are weird race conditions with\n    // setState callbacks and unmounting in testing, so always make sure that\n    // we can cancel any pending setState callbacks after we unmount.\n    callback = this.setNextCallback(callback);\n    this.setState(nextState, callback);\n  };\n  _proto.setNextCallback = function setNextCallback(callback) {\n    var _this4 = this;\n    var active = true;\n    this.nextCallback = function (event) {\n      if (active) {\n        active = false;\n        _this4.nextCallback = null;\n        callback(event);\n      }\n    };\n    this.nextCallback.cancel = function () {\n      active = false;\n    };\n    return this.nextCallback;\n  };\n  _proto.onTransitionEnd = function onTransitionEnd(node, timeout, handler) {\n    this.setNextCallback(handler);\n    var doesNotHaveTimeoutOrListener = timeout == null && !this.props.addEndListener;\n    if (!node || doesNotHaveTimeoutOrListener) {\n      setTimeout(this.nextCallback, 0);\n      return;\n    }\n    if (this.props.addEndListener) {\n      this.props.addEndListener(node, this.nextCallback);\n    }\n    if (timeout != null) {\n      setTimeout(this.nextCallback, timeout);\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var status = this.state.status;\n    if (status === UNMOUNTED) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      children = _this$props.children,\n      childProps = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"children\"]); // filter props for Transtition\n\n    delete childProps.in;\n    delete childProps.mountOnEnter;\n    delete childProps.unmountOnExit;\n    delete childProps.appear;\n    delete childProps.enter;\n    delete childProps.exit;\n    delete childProps.timeout;\n    delete childProps.addEndListener;\n    delete childProps.onEnter;\n    delete childProps.onEntering;\n    delete childProps.onEntered;\n    delete childProps.onExit;\n    delete childProps.onExiting;\n    delete childProps.onExited;\n    if (typeof children === 'function') {\n      return children(status, childProps);\n    }\n    var child = _react.default.Children.only(children);\n    return _react.default.cloneElement(child, childProps);\n  };\n  return Transition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nTransition.contextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: PropTypes.object\n};\nTransition.childContextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: function transitionGroup() {}\n};\nTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  /**\n   * A `function` child can be used instead of a React element. This function is\n   * called with the current transition status (`'entering'`, `'entered'`,\n   * `'exiting'`, `'exited'`, `'unmounted'`), which can be used to apply context\n   * specific props to a component.\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * <Transition in={this.state.in} timeout={150}>\n   *   {state => (\n   *     <MyComponent className={`fade fade-${state}`} />\n   *   )}\n   * </Transition>\n   * ```\n   */\n  children: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.func.isRequired, PropTypes.element.isRequired]).isRequired,\n  /**\n   * Show the component; triggers the enter or exit states\n   */\n  in: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * By default the child component is mounted immediately along with\n   * the parent `Transition` component. If you want to \"lazy mount\" the component on the\n   * first `in={true}` you can set `mountOnEnter`. After the first enter transition the component will stay\n   * mounted, even on \"exited\", unless you also specify `unmountOnExit`.\n   */\n  mountOnEnter: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * By default the child component stays mounted after it reaches the `'exited'` state.\n   * Set `unmountOnExit` if you'd prefer to unmount the component after it finishes exiting.\n   */\n  unmountOnExit: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Normally a component is not transitioned if it is shown when the `<Transition>` component mounts.\n   * If you want to transition on the first mount set `appear` to `true`, and the\n   * component will transition in as soon as the `<Transition>` mounts.\n   *\n   * > Note: there are no specific \"appear\" states. `appear` only adds an additional `enter` transition.\n   */\n  appear: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Enable or disable enter transitions.\n   */\n  enter: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Enable or disable exit transitions.\n   */\n  exit: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * The duration of the transition, in milliseconds.\n   * Required unless `addEndListener` is provided.\n   *\n   * You may specify a single timeout for all transitions:\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * timeout={500}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * or individually:\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * timeout={{\n   *  appear: 500,\n   *  enter: 300,\n   *  exit: 500,\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * - `appear` defaults to the value of `enter`\n   * - `enter` defaults to `0`\n   * - `exit` defaults to `0`\n   *\n   * @type {number | { enter?: number, exit?: number, appear?: number }}\n   */\n  timeout: function timeout(props) {\n    var pt = _PropTypes.timeoutsShape;\n    if (!props.addEndListener) pt = pt.isRequired;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    return pt.apply(void 0, [props].concat(args));\n  },\n  /**\n   * Add a custom transition end trigger. Called with the transitioning\n   * DOM node and a `done` callback. Allows for more fine grained transition end\n   * logic. **Note:** Timeouts are still used as a fallback if provided.\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * addEndListener={(node, done) => {\n   *   // use the css transitionend event to mark the finish of a transition\n   *   node.addEventListener('transitionend', done, false);\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   */\n  addEndListener: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired before the \"entering\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool) -> void\n   */\n  onEnter: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"entering\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntering: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"entered\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool) -> void\n   */\n  onEntered: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired before the \"exiting\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExit: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"exiting\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExiting: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"exited\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExited: PropTypes.func // Name the function so it is clearer in the documentation\n} : {};\nfunction noop() {}\nTransition.defaultProps = {\n  in: false,\n  mountOnEnter: false,\n  unmountOnExit: false,\n  appear: false,\n  enter: true,\n  exit: true,\n  onEnter: noop,\n  onEntering: noop,\n  onEntered: noop,\n  onExit: noop,\n  onExiting: noop,\n  onExited: noop\n};\nTransition.UNMOUNTED = 0;\nTransition.EXITED = 1;\nTransition.ENTERING = 2;\nTransition.ENTERED = 3;\nTransition.EXITING = 4;\nvar _default = (0, _reactLifecyclesCompat.polyfill)(Transition);\nexports.default = _default;","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactLifecyclesCompat = require(\"react-lifecycles-compat\");\nvar _ChildMapping = require(\"./utils/ChildMapping\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nvar values = Object.values || function (obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).map(function (k) {\n    return obj[k];\n  });\n};\nvar defaultProps = {\n  component: 'div',\n  childFactory: function childFactory(child) {\n    return child;\n  }\n  /**\n   * The `<TransitionGroup>` component manages a set of transition components\n   * (`<Transition>` and `<CSSTransition>`) in a list. Like with the transition\n   * components, `<TransitionGroup>` is a state machine for managing the mounting\n   * and unmounting of components over time.\n   *\n   * Consider the example below. As items are removed or added to the TodoList the\n   * `in` prop is toggled automatically by the `<TransitionGroup>`.\n   *\n   * Note that `<TransitionGroup>`  does not define any animation behavior!\n   * Exactly _how_ a list item animates is up to the individual transition\n   * component. This means you can mix and match animations across different list\n   * items.\n   */\n};\n\nvar TransitionGroup = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(TransitionGroup, _React$Component);\n  function TransitionGroup(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var handleExited = _this.handleExited.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_assertThisInitialized(_this))); // Initial children should all be entering, dependent on appear\n\n    _this.state = {\n      handleExited: handleExited,\n      firstRender: true\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = TransitionGroup.prototype;\n  _proto.getChildContext = function getChildContext() {\n    return {\n      transitionGroup: {\n        isMounting: !this.appeared\n      }\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.appeared = true;\n    this.mounted = true;\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.mounted = false;\n  };\n  TransitionGroup.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, _ref) {\n    var prevChildMapping = _ref.children,\n      handleExited = _ref.handleExited,\n      firstRender = _ref.firstRender;\n    return {\n      children: firstRender ? (0, _ChildMapping.getInitialChildMapping)(nextProps, handleExited) : (0, _ChildMapping.getNextChildMapping)(nextProps, prevChildMapping, handleExited),\n      firstRender: false\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.handleExited = function handleExited(child, node) {\n    var currentChildMapping = (0, _ChildMapping.getChildMapping)(this.props.children);\n    if (child.key in currentChildMapping) return;\n    if (child.props.onExited) {\n      child.props.onExited(node);\n    }\n    if (this.mounted) {\n      this.setState(function (state) {\n        var children = _extends({}, state.children);\n        delete children[child.key];\n        return {\n          children: children\n        };\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      Component = _this$props.component,\n      childFactory = _this$props.childFactory,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"component\", \"childFactory\"]);\n    var children = values(this.state.children).map(childFactory);\n    delete props.appear;\n    delete props.enter;\n    delete props.exit;\n    if (Component === null) {\n      return children;\n    }\n    return _react.default.createElement(Component, props, children);\n  };\n  return TransitionGroup;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nTransitionGroup.childContextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: _propTypes.default.object.isRequired\n};\nTransitionGroup.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  /**\n   * `<TransitionGroup>` renders a `<div>` by default. You can change this\n   * behavior by providing a `component` prop.\n   * If you use React v16+ and would like to avoid a wrapping `<div>` element\n   * you can pass in `component={null}`. This is useful if the wrapping div\n   * borks your css styles.\n   */\n  component: _propTypes.default.any,\n  /**\n   * A set of `<Transition>` components, that are toggled `in` and out as they\n   * leave. the `<TransitionGroup>` will inject specific transition props, so\n   * remember to spread them through if you are wrapping the `<Transition>` as\n   * with our `<Fade>` example.\n   *\n   * While this component is meant for multiple `Transition` or `CSSTransition`\n   * children, sometimes you may want to have a single transition child with\n   * content that you want to be transitioned out and in when you change it\n   * (e.g. routes, images etc.) In that case you can change the `key` prop of\n   * the transition child as you change its content, this will cause\n   * `TransitionGroup` to transition the child out and back in.\n   */\n  children: _propTypes.default.node,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables appear animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  appear: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables enter animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  enter: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables exit animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  exit: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * You may need to apply reactive updates to a child as it is exiting.\n   * This is generally done by using `cloneElement` however in the case of an exiting\n   * child the element has already been removed and not accessible to the consumer.\n   *\n   * If you do need to update a child as it leaves you can provide a `childFactory`\n   * to wrap every child, even the ones that are leaving.\n   *\n   * @type Function(child: ReactElement) -> ReactElement\n   */\n  childFactory: _propTypes.default.func\n} : {};\nTransitionGroup.defaultProps = defaultProps;\nvar _default = (0, _reactLifecyclesCompat.polyfill)(TransitionGroup);\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nvar _CSSTransition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./CSSTransition\"));\nvar _ReplaceTransition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./ReplaceTransition\"));\nvar _TransitionGroup = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./TransitionGroup\"));\nvar _Transition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./Transition\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nmodule.exports = {\n  Transition: _Transition.default,\n  TransitionGroup: _TransitionGroup.default,\n  ReplaceTransition: _ReplaceTransition.default,\n  CSSTransition: _CSSTransition.default\n};","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.getChildMapping = getChildMapping;\nexports.mergeChildMappings = mergeChildMappings;\nexports.getInitialChildMapping = getInitialChildMapping;\nexports.getNextChildMapping = getNextChildMapping;\nvar _react = require(\"react\");\n\n/**\n * Given `this.props.children`, return an object mapping key to child.\n *\n * @param {*} children `this.props.children`\n * @return {object} Mapping of key to child\n */\nfunction getChildMapping(children, mapFn) {\n  var mapper = function mapper(child) {\n    return mapFn && (0, _react.isValidElement)(child) ? mapFn(child) : child;\n  };\n  var result = Object.create(null);\n  if (children) _react.Children.map(children, function (c) {\n    return c;\n  }).forEach(function (child) {\n    // run the map function here instead so that the key is the computed one\n    result[child.key] = mapper(child);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * When you're adding or removing children some may be added or removed in the\n * same render pass. We want to show *both* since we want to simultaneously\n * animate elements in and out. This function takes a previous set of keys\n * and a new set of keys and merges them with its best guess of the correct\n * ordering. In the future we may expose some of the utilities in\n * ReactMultiChild to make this easy, but for now React itself does not\n * directly have this concept of the union of prevChildren and nextChildren\n * so we implement it here.\n *\n * @param {object} prev prev children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @param {object} next next children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @return {object} a key set that contains all keys in `prev` and all keys\n * in `next` in a reasonable order.\n */\n\nfunction mergeChildMappings(prev, next) {\n  prev = prev || {};\n  next = next || {};\n  function getValueForKey(key) {\n    return key in next ? next[key] : prev[key];\n  } // For each key of `next`, the list of keys to insert before that key in\n  // the combined list\n\n  var nextKeysPending = Object.create(null);\n  var pendingKeys = [];\n  for (var prevKey in prev) {\n    if (prevKey in next) {\n      if (pendingKeys.length) {\n        nextKeysPending[prevKey] = pendingKeys;\n        pendingKeys = [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      pendingKeys.push(prevKey);\n    }\n  }\n  var i;\n  var childMapping = {};\n  for (var nextKey in next) {\n    if (nextKeysPending[nextKey]) {\n      for (i = 0; i < nextKeysPending[nextKey].length; i++) {\n        var pendingNextKey = nextKeysPending[nextKey][i];\n        childMapping[nextKeysPending[nextKey][i]] = getValueForKey(pendingNextKey);\n      }\n    }\n    childMapping[nextKey] = getValueForKey(nextKey);\n  } // Finally, add the keys which didn't appear before any key in `next`\n\n  for (i = 0; i < pendingKeys.length; i++) {\n    childMapping[pendingKeys[i]] = getValueForKey(pendingKeys[i]);\n  }\n  return childMapping;\n}\nfunction getProp(child, prop, props) {\n  return props[prop] != null ? props[prop] : child.props[prop];\n}\nfunction getInitialChildMapping(props, onExited) {\n  return getChildMapping(props.children, function (child) {\n    return (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n      onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n      in: true,\n      appear: getProp(child, 'appear', props),\n      enter: getProp(child, 'enter', props),\n      exit: getProp(child, 'exit', props)\n    });\n  });\n}\nfunction getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, onExited) {\n  var nextChildMapping = getChildMapping(nextProps.children);\n  var children = mergeChildMappings(prevChildMapping, nextChildMapping);\n  Object.keys(children).forEach(function (key) {\n    var child = children[key];\n    if (!(0, _react.isValidElement)(child)) return;\n    var hasPrev = (key in prevChildMapping);\n    var hasNext = (key in nextChildMapping);\n    var prevChild = prevChildMapping[key];\n    var isLeaving = (0, _react.isValidElement)(prevChild) && !prevChild.props.in; // item is new (entering)\n\n    if (hasNext && (!hasPrev || isLeaving)) {\n      // console.log('entering', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: true,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    } else if (!hasNext && hasPrev && !isLeaving) {\n      // item is old (exiting)\n      // console.log('leaving', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        in: false\n      });\n    } else if (hasNext && hasPrev && (0, _react.isValidElement)(prevChild)) {\n      // item hasn't changed transition states\n      // copy over the last transition props;\n      // console.log('unchanged', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: prevChild.props.in,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return children;\n}","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.classNamesShape = exports.timeoutsShape = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nvar timeoutsShape = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? _propTypes.default.oneOfType([_propTypes.default.number, _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.number,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.number,\n  appear: _propTypes.default.number\n}).isRequired]) : null;\nexports.timeoutsShape = timeoutsShape;\nvar classNamesShape = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? _propTypes.default.oneOfType([_propTypes.default.string, _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.string,\n  active: _propTypes.default.string\n}), _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.string,\n  enterDone: _propTypes.default.string,\n  enterActive: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exitDone: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exitActive: _propTypes.default.string\n})]) : null;\nexports.classNamesShape = classNamesShape;","import React from 'react';\nexport default React.createContext(null);","'use strict';\n\nvar has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,\n  prefix = '~';\n\n/**\n * Constructor to create a storage for our `EE` objects.\n * An `Events` instance is a plain object whose properties are event names.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @private\n */\nfunction Events() {}\n\n//\n// We try to not inherit from `Object.prototype`. In some engines creating an\n// instance in this way is faster than calling `Object.create(null)` directly.\n// If `Object.create(null)` is not supported we prefix the event names with a\n// character to make sure that the built-in object properties are not\n// overridden or used as an attack vector.\n//\nif (Object.create) {\n  Events.prototype = Object.create(null);\n\n  //\n  // This hack is needed because the `__proto__` property is still inherited in\n  // some old browsers like Android 4, iPhone 5.1, Opera 11 and Safari 5.\n  //\n  if (!new Events().__proto__) prefix = false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Representation of a single event listener.\n *\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} context The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @param {Boolean} [once=false] Specify if the listener is a one-time listener.\n * @constructor\n * @private\n */\nfunction EE(fn, context, once) {\n  this.fn = fn;\n  this.context = context;\n  this.once = once || false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Add a listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {EventEmitter} emitter Reference to the `EventEmitter` instance.\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} context The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @param {Boolean} once Specify if the listener is a one-time listener.\n * @returns {EventEmitter}\n * @private\n */\nfunction addListener(emitter, event, fn, context, once) {\n  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError('The listener must be a function');\n  }\n  var listener = new EE(fn, context || emitter, once),\n    evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!emitter._events[evt]) emitter._events[evt] = listener, emitter._eventsCount++;else if (!emitter._events[evt].fn) emitter._events[evt].push(listener);else emitter._events[evt] = [emitter._events[evt], listener];\n  return emitter;\n}\n\n/**\n * Clear event by name.\n *\n * @param {EventEmitter} emitter Reference to the `EventEmitter` instance.\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} evt The Event name.\n * @private\n */\nfunction clearEvent(emitter, evt) {\n  if (--emitter._eventsCount === 0) emitter._events = new Events();else delete emitter._events[evt];\n}\n\n/**\n * Minimal `EventEmitter` interface that is molded against the Node.js\n * `EventEmitter` interface.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @public\n */\nfunction EventEmitter() {\n  this._events = new Events();\n  this._eventsCount = 0;\n}\n\n/**\n * Return an array listing the events for which the emitter has registered\n * listeners.\n *\n * @returns {Array}\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.eventNames = function eventNames() {\n  var names = [],\n    events,\n    name;\n  if (this._eventsCount === 0) return names;\n  for (name in events = this._events) {\n    if (has.call(events, name)) names.push(prefix ? name.slice(1) : name);\n  }\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    return names.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(events));\n  }\n  return names;\n};\n\n/**\n * Return the listeners registered for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Array} The registered listeners.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.listeners = function listeners(event) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event,\n    handlers = this._events[evt];\n  if (!handlers) return [];\n  if (handlers.fn) return [handlers.fn];\n  for (var i = 0, l = handlers.length, ee = new Array(l); i < l; i++) {\n    ee[i] = handlers[i].fn;\n  }\n  return ee;\n};\n\n/**\n * Return the number of listeners listening to a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Number} The number of listeners.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.listenerCount = function listenerCount(event) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event,\n    listeners = this._events[evt];\n  if (!listeners) return 0;\n  if (listeners.fn) return 1;\n  return listeners.length;\n};\n\n/**\n * Calls each of the listeners registered for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Boolean} `true` if the event had listeners, else `false`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.emit = function emit(event, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!this._events[evt]) return false;\n  var listeners = this._events[evt],\n    len = arguments.length,\n    args,\n    i;\n  if (listeners.fn) {\n    if (listeners.once) this.removeListener(event, listeners.fn, undefined, true);\n    switch (len) {\n      case 1:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context), true;\n      case 2:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1), true;\n      case 3:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2), true;\n      case 4:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3), true;\n      case 5:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3, a4), true;\n      case 6:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5), true;\n    }\n    for (i = 1, args = new Array(len - 1); i < len; i++) {\n      args[i - 1] = arguments[i];\n    }\n    listeners.fn.apply(listeners.context, args);\n  } else {\n    var length = listeners.length,\n      j;\n    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n      if (listeners[i].once) this.removeListener(event, listeners[i].fn, undefined, true);\n      switch (len) {\n        case 1:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context);\n          break;\n        case 2:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1);\n          break;\n        case 3:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1, a2);\n          break;\n        case 4:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1, a2, a3);\n          break;\n        default:\n          if (!args) for (j = 1, args = new Array(len - 1); j < len; j++) {\n            args[j - 1] = arguments[j];\n          }\n          listeners[i].fn.apply(listeners[i].context, args);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};\n\n/**\n * Add a listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} [context=this] The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.on = function on(event, fn, context) {\n  return addListener(this, event, fn, context, false);\n};\n\n/**\n * Add a one-time listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} [context=this] The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.once = function once(event, fn, context) {\n  return addListener(this, event, fn, context, true);\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove the listeners of a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn Only remove the listeners that match this function.\n * @param {*} context Only remove the listeners that have this context.\n * @param {Boolean} once Only remove one-time listeners.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function removeListener(event, fn, context, once) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!this._events[evt]) return this;\n  if (!fn) {\n    clearEvent(this, evt);\n    return this;\n  }\n  var listeners = this._events[evt];\n  if (listeners.fn) {\n    if (listeners.fn === fn && (!once || listeners.once) && (!context || listeners.context === context)) {\n      clearEvent(this, evt);\n    }\n  } else {\n    for (var i = 0, events = [], length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {\n      if (listeners[i].fn !== fn || once && !listeners[i].once || context && listeners[i].context !== context) {\n        events.push(listeners[i]);\n      }\n    }\n\n    //\n    // Reset the array, or remove it completely if we have no more listeners.\n    //\n    if (events.length) this._events[evt] = events.length === 1 ? events[0] : events;else clearEvent(this, evt);\n  }\n  return this;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove all listeners, or those of the specified event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} [event] The event name.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function removeAllListeners(event) {\n  var evt;\n  if (event) {\n    evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n    if (this._events[evt]) clearEvent(this, evt);\n  } else {\n    this._events = new Events();\n    this._eventsCount = 0;\n  }\n  return this;\n};\n\n//\n// Alias methods names because people roll like that.\n//\nEventEmitter.prototype.off = EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener;\nEventEmitter.prototype.addListener = EventEmitter.prototype.on;\n\n//\n// Expose the prefix.\n//\nEventEmitter.prefixed = prefix;\n\n//\n// Allow `EventEmitter` to be imported as module namespace.\n//\nEventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;\n\n//\n// Expose the module.\n//\nif ('undefined' !== typeof module) {\n  module.exports = EventEmitter;\n}","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _postcssValueParser = require('postcss-value-parser');\nvar _postcssValueParser2 = _interopRequireDefault(_postcssValueParser);\nvar _parser = require('./parser');\nvar _reducer = require('./lib/reducer');\nvar _reducer2 = _interopRequireDefault(_reducer);\nvar _stringifier = require('./lib/stringifier');\nvar _stringifier2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stringifier);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\n\n// eslint-disable-line\nvar MATCH_CALC = /((?:\\-[a-z]+\\-)?calc)/;\nexports.default = function (value) {\n  var precision = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 5;\n  return (0, _postcssValueParser2.default)(value).walk(function (node) {\n    // skip anything which isn't a calc() function\n    if (node.type !== 'function' || !MATCH_CALC.test(node.value)) return;\n\n    // stringify calc expression and produce an AST\n    var contents = _postcssValueParser2.default.stringify(node.nodes);\n\n    // skip constant() and env()\n    if (contents.indexOf('constant') >= 0 || contents.indexOf('env') >= 0) return;\n    var ast = _parser.parser.parse(contents);\n\n    // reduce AST to its simplest form, that is, either to a single value\n    // or a simplified calc expression\n    var reducedAst = (0, _reducer2.default)(ast, precision);\n\n    // stringify AST and write it back\n    node.type = 'word';\n    node.value = (0, _stringifier2.default)(node.value, reducedAst, precision);\n  }, true).toString();\n};\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _cssUnitConverter = require('css-unit-converter');\nvar _cssUnitConverter2 = _interopRequireDefault(_cssUnitConverter);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction convertNodes(left, right, precision) {\n  switch (left.type) {\n    case 'LengthValue':\n    case 'AngleValue':\n    case 'TimeValue':\n    case 'FrequencyValue':\n    case 'ResolutionValue':\n      return convertAbsoluteLength(left, right, precision);\n    default:\n      return {\n        left: left,\n        right: right\n      };\n  }\n}\nfunction convertAbsoluteLength(left, right, precision) {\n  if (right.type === left.type) {\n    right = {\n      type: left.type,\n      value: (0, _cssUnitConverter2.default)(right.value, right.unit, left.unit, precision),\n      unit: left.unit\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    left: left,\n    right: right\n  };\n}\nexports.default = convertNodes;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","\"use strict\";\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.flip = flip;\nvar _convert = require(\"./convert\");\nvar _convert2 = _interopRequireDefault(_convert);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction reduce(node, precision) {\n  if (node.type === \"MathExpression\") return reduceMathExpression(node, precision);\n  if (node.type === \"Calc\") return reduce(node.value, precision);\n  return node;\n}\nfunction isEqual(left, right) {\n  return left.type === right.type && left.value === right.value;\n}\nfunction isValueType(type) {\n  switch (type) {\n    case 'LengthValue':\n    case 'AngleValue':\n    case 'TimeValue':\n    case 'FrequencyValue':\n    case 'ResolutionValue':\n    case 'EmValue':\n    case 'ExValue':\n    case 'ChValue':\n    case 'RemValue':\n    case 'VhValue':\n    case 'VwValue':\n    case 'VminValue':\n    case 'VmaxValue':\n    case 'PercentageValue':\n    case 'Value':\n      return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\nfunction convertMathExpression(node, precision) {\n  var nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(node.left, node.right, precision);\n  var left = reduce(nodes.left, precision);\n  var right = reduce(nodes.right, precision);\n  if (left.type === \"MathExpression\" && right.type === \"MathExpression\") {\n    if (left.operator === '/' && right.operator === '*' || left.operator === '-' && right.operator === '+' || left.operator === '*' && right.operator === '/' || left.operator === '+' && right.operator === '-') {\n      if (isEqual(left.right, right.right)) nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(left.left, right.left, precision);else if (isEqual(left.right, right.left)) nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(left.left, right.right, precision);\n      left = reduce(nodes.left, precision);\n      right = reduce(nodes.right, precision);\n    }\n  }\n  node.left = left;\n  node.right = right;\n  return node;\n}\nfunction flip(operator) {\n  return operator === '+' ? '-' : '+';\n}\nfunction flipValue(node) {\n  if (isValueType(node.type)) node.value = -node.value;else if (node.type == 'MathExpression') {\n    node.left = flipValue(node.left);\n    node.right = flipValue(node.right);\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceAddSubExpression(node, precision) {\n  var _node = node,\n    left = _node.left,\n    right = _node.right,\n    op = _node.operator;\n  if (left.type === 'CssVariable' || right.type === 'CssVariable') return node;\n\n  // something + 0 => something\n  // something - 0 => something\n  if (right.value === 0) return left;\n\n  // 0 + something => something\n  if (left.value === 0 && op === \"+\") return right;\n\n  // 0 - something => -something\n  if (left.value === 0 && op === \"-\") return flipValue(right);\n\n  // value + value\n  // value - value\n  if (left.type === right.type && isValueType(left.type)) {\n    node = Object.assign({}, left);\n    if (op === \"+\") node.value = left.value + right.value;else node.value = left.value - right.value;\n  }\n\n  // value <op> (expr)\n  if (isValueType(left.type) && (right.operator === '+' || right.operator === '-') && right.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    // value + (value + something) => (value + value) + something\n    // value + (value - something) => (value + value) - something\n    // value - (value + something) => (value - value) - something\n    // value - (value - something) => (value - value) + something\n    if (left.type === right.left.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, node);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op,\n        left: left,\n        right: right.left\n      }, precision);\n      node.right = right.right;\n      node.operator = op === '-' ? flip(right.operator) : right.operator;\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n    // value + (something + value) => (value + value) + something\n    // value + (something - value) => (value - value) + something\n    // value - (something + value) => (value - value) - something\n    // value - (something - value) => (value + value) - something\n    else if (left.type === right.right.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, node);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op === '-' ? flip(right.operator) : right.operator,\n        left: left,\n        right: right.right\n      }, precision);\n      node.right = right.left;\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // (expr) <op> value\n  if (left.type === 'MathExpression' && (left.operator === '+' || left.operator === '-') && isValueType(right.type)) {\n    // (value + something) + value => (value + value) + something\n    // (value - something) + value => (value + value) - something\n    // (value + something) - value => (value - value) + something\n    // (value - something) - value => (value - value) - something\n    if (right.type === left.left.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, left);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op,\n        left: left.left,\n        right: right\n      }, precision);\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n    // (something + value) + value => something + (value + value)\n    // (something - value1) + value2 => something - (value2 - value1)\n    // (something + value) - value => something + (value - value)\n    // (something - value) - value => something - (value + value)\n    else if (right.type === left.right.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, left);\n      if (left.operator === '-') {\n        node.right = reduce({\n          type: 'MathExpression',\n          operator: op === '-' ? '+' : '-',\n          left: right,\n          right: left.right\n        }, precision);\n        node.operator = op === '-' ? '-' : '+';\n      } else {\n        node.right = reduce({\n          type: 'MathExpression',\n          operator: op,\n          left: left.right,\n          right: right\n        }, precision);\n      }\n      if (node.right.value < 0) {\n        node.right.value *= -1;\n        node.operator = node.operator === '-' ? '+' : '-';\n      }\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceDivisionExpression(node, precision) {\n  if (!isValueType(node.right.type)) return node;\n  if (node.right.type !== 'Value') throw new Error(\"Cannot divide by \\\"\" + node.right.unit + \"\\\", number expected\");\n  if (node.right.value === 0) throw new Error('Cannot divide by zero');\n\n  // (expr) / value\n  if (node.left.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    if (isValueType(node.left.left.type) && isValueType(node.left.right.type)) {\n      node.left.left.value /= node.right.value;\n      node.left.right.value /= node.right.value;\n      return reduce(node.left, precision);\n    }\n    return node;\n  }\n  // something / value\n  else if (isValueType(node.left.type)) {\n    node.left.value /= node.right.value;\n    return node.left;\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceMultiplicationExpression(node) {\n  // (expr) * value\n  if (node.left.type === 'MathExpression' && node.right.type === 'Value') {\n    if (isValueType(node.left.left.type) && isValueType(node.left.right.type)) {\n      node.left.left.value *= node.right.value;\n      node.left.right.value *= node.right.value;\n      return node.left;\n    }\n  }\n  // something * value\n  else if (isValueType(node.left.type) && node.right.type === 'Value') {\n    node.left.value *= node.right.value;\n    return node.left;\n  }\n  // value * (expr)\n  else if (node.left.type === 'Value' && node.right.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    if (isValueType(node.right.left.type) && isValueType(node.right.right.type)) {\n      node.right.left.value *= node.left.value;\n      node.right.right.value *= node.left.value;\n      return node.right;\n    }\n  }\n  // value * something\n  else if (node.left.type === 'Value' && isValueType(node.right.type)) {\n    node.right.value *= node.left.value;\n    return node.right;\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceMathExpression(node, precision) {\n  node = convertMathExpression(node, precision);\n  switch (node.operator) {\n    case \"+\":\n    case \"-\":\n      return reduceAddSubExpression(node, precision);\n    case \"/\":\n      return reduceDivisionExpression(node, precision);\n    case \"*\":\n      return reduceMultiplicationExpression(node);\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nexports.default = reduce;","\"use strict\";\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.default = function (calc, node, precision) {\n  var str = stringify(node, precision);\n  if (node.type === \"MathExpression\") {\n    // if calc expression couldn't be resolved to a single value, re-wrap it as\n    // a calc()\n    str = calc + \"(\" + str + \")\";\n  }\n  return str;\n};\nvar _reducer = require(\"./reducer\");\nvar order = {\n  \"*\": 0,\n  \"/\": 0,\n  \"+\": 1,\n  \"-\": 1\n};\nfunction round(value, prec) {\n  if (prec !== false) {\n    var precision = Math.pow(10, prec);\n    return Math.round(value * precision) / precision;\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction stringify(node, prec) {\n  switch (node.type) {\n    case \"MathExpression\":\n      {\n        var left = node.left,\n          right = node.right,\n          op = node.operator;\n        var str = \"\";\n        if (left.type === 'MathExpression' && order[op] < order[left.operator]) str += \"(\" + stringify(left, prec) + \")\";else str += stringify(left, prec);\n        str += \" \" + node.operator + \" \";\n        if (right.type === 'MathExpression' && order[op] < order[right.operator]) {\n          str += \"(\" + stringify(right, prec) + \")\";\n        } else if (right.type === 'MathExpression' && op === \"-\" && [\"+\", \"-\"].includes(right.operator)) {\n          // fix #52 : a-(b+c) = a-b-c\n          right.operator = (0, _reducer.flip)(right.operator);\n          str += stringify(right, prec);\n        } else {\n          str += stringify(right, prec);\n        }\n        return str;\n      }\n    case \"Value\":\n      return round(node.value, prec);\n    case 'CssVariable':\n      if (node.fallback) {\n        return \"var(\" + node.value + \", \" + stringify(node.fallback, prec, true) + \")\";\n      }\n      return \"var(\" + node.value + \")\";\n    case 'Calc':\n      if (node.prefix) {\n        return \"-\" + node.prefix + \"-calc(\" + stringify(node.value, prec) + \")\";\n      }\n      return \"calc(\" + stringify(node.value, prec) + \")\";\n    default:\n      return round(node.value, prec) + node.unit;\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","/* parser generated by jison 0.6.1-215 */\n\n/*\n * Returns a Parser object of the following structure:\n *\n *  Parser: {\n *    yy: {}     The so-called \"shared state\" or rather the *source* of it;\n *               the real \"shared state\" `yy` passed around to\n *               the rule actions, etc. is a derivative/copy of this one,\n *               not a direct reference!\n *  }\n *\n *  Parser.prototype: {\n *    yy: {},\n *    EOF: 1,\n *    TERROR: 2,\n *\n *    trace: function(errorMessage, ...),\n *\n *    JisonParserError: function(msg, hash),\n *\n *    quoteName: function(name),\n *               Helper function which can be overridden by user code later on: put suitable\n *               quotes around literal IDs in a description string.\n *\n *    originalQuoteName: function(name),\n *               The basic quoteName handler provided by JISON.\n *               `cleanupAfterParse()` will clean up and reset `quoteName()` to reference this function\n *               at the end of the `parse()`.\n *\n *    describeSymbol: function(symbol),\n *               Return a more-or-less human-readable description of the given symbol, when\n *               available, or the symbol itself, serving as its own 'description' for lack\n *               of something better to serve up.\n *\n *               Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n *\n *    symbols_: {associative list: name ==> number},\n *    terminals_: {associative list: number ==> name},\n *    nonterminals: {associative list: rule-name ==> {associative list: number ==> rule-alt}},\n *    terminal_descriptions_: (if there are any) {associative list: number ==> description},\n *    productions_: [...],\n *\n *    performAction: function parser__performAction(yytext, yyleng, yylineno, yyloc, yystate, yysp, yyvstack, yylstack, yystack, yysstack),\n *\n *               The function parameters and `this` have the following value/meaning:\n *               - `this`    : reference to the `yyval` internal object, which has members (`$` and `_$`)\n *                             to store/reference the rule value `$$` and location info `@$`.\n *\n *                 One important thing to note about `this` a.k.a. `yyval`: every *reduce* action gets\n *                 to see the same object via the `this` reference, i.e. if you wish to carry custom\n *                 data from one reduce action through to the next within a single parse run, then you\n *                 may get nasty and use `yyval` a.k.a. `this` for storing you own semi-permanent data.\n *\n *                 `this.yy` is a direct reference to the `yy` shared state object.\n *\n *                 `%parse-param`-specified additional `parse()` arguments have been added to this `yy`\n *                 object at `parse()` start and are therefore available to the action code via the\n *                 same named `yy.xxxx` attributes (where `xxxx` represents a identifier name from\n *                 the %parse-param` list.\n *\n *               - `yytext`  : reference to the lexer value which belongs to the last lexer token used\n *                             to match this rule. This is *not* the look-ahead token, but the last token\n *                             that's actually part of this rule.\n *\n *                 Formulated another way, `yytext` is the value of the token immediately preceeding\n *                 the current look-ahead token.\n *                 Caveats apply for rules which don't require look-ahead, such as epsilon rules.\n *\n *               - `yyleng`  : ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yyleng value.\n *\n *               - `yylineno`: ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yylineno value.\n *\n *               - `yyloc`   : ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yylloc lexer token location info.\n *\n *                               WARNING: since jison 0.4.18-186 this entry may be NULL/UNDEFINED instead\n *                               of an empty object when no suitable location info can be provided.\n *\n *               - `yystate` : the current parser state number, used internally for dispatching and\n *                               executing the action code chunk matching the rule currently being reduced.\n *\n *               - `yysp`    : the current state stack position (a.k.a. 'stack pointer')\n *\n *                 This one comes in handy when you are going to do advanced things to the parser\n *                 stacks, all of which are accessible from your action code (see the next entries below).\n *\n *                 Also note that you can access this and other stack index values using the new double-hash\n *                 syntax, i.e. `##$ === ##0 === yysp`, while `##1` is the stack index for all things\n *                 related to the first rule term, just like you have `$1`, `@1` and `#1`.\n *                 This is made available to write very advanced grammar action rules, e.g. when you want\n *                 to investigate the parse state stack in your action code, which would, for example,\n *                 be relevant when you wish to implement error diagnostics and reporting schemes similar\n *                 to the work described here:\n *\n *                 + Pottier, F., 2016. Reachability and error diagnosis in LR(1) automata.\n *                   In Journées Francophones des Languages Applicatifs.\n *\n *                 + Jeffery, C.L., 2003. Generating LR syntax error messages from examples.\n *                   ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 25(5), pp.631–640.\n *\n *               - `yyrulelength`: the current rule's term count, i.e. the number of entries occupied on the stack.\n *\n *                 This one comes in handy when you are going to do advanced things to the parser\n *                 stacks, all of which are accessible from your action code (see the next entries below).\n *\n *               - `yyvstack`: reference to the parser value stack. Also accessed via the `$1` etc.\n *                             constructs.\n *\n *               - `yylstack`: reference to the parser token location stack. Also accessed via\n *                             the `@1` etc. constructs.\n *\n *                             WARNING: since jison 0.4.18-186 this array MAY contain slots which are\n *                             UNDEFINED rather than an empty (location) object, when the lexer/parser\n *                             action code did not provide a suitable location info object when such a\n *                             slot was filled!\n *\n *               - `yystack` : reference to the parser token id stack. Also accessed via the\n *                             `#1` etc. constructs.\n *\n *                 Note: this is a bit of a **white lie** as we can statically decode any `#n` reference to\n *                 its numeric token id value, hence that code wouldn't need the `yystack` but *you* might\n *                 want access this array for your own purposes, such as error analysis as mentioned above!\n *\n *                 Note that this stack stores the current stack of *tokens*, that is the sequence of\n *                 already parsed=reduced *nonterminals* (tokens representing rules) and *terminals*\n *                 (lexer tokens *shifted* onto the stack until the rule they belong to is found and\n *                 *reduced*.\n *\n *               - `yysstack`: reference to the parser state stack. This one carries the internal parser\n *                             *states* such as the one in `yystate`, which are used to represent\n *                             the parser state machine in the *parse table*. *Very* *internal* stuff,\n *                             what can I say? If you access this one, you're clearly doing wicked things\n *\n *               - `...`     : the extra arguments you specified in the `%parse-param` statement in your\n *                             grammar definition file.\n *\n *    table: [...],\n *               State transition table\n *               ----------------------\n *\n *               index levels are:\n *               - `state`  --> hash table\n *               - `symbol` --> action (number or array)\n *\n *                 If the `action` is an array, these are the elements' meaning:\n *                 - index [0]: 1 = shift, 2 = reduce, 3 = accept\n *                 - index [1]: GOTO `state`\n *\n *                 If the `action` is a number, it is the GOTO `state`\n *\n *    defaultActions: {...},\n *\n *    parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *    yyError: function(str, ...),\n *    yyRecovering: function(),\n *    yyErrOk: function(),\n *    yyClearIn: function(),\n *\n *    constructParseErrorInfo: function(error_message, exception_object, expected_token_set, is_recoverable),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               Produces a new errorInfo 'hash object' which can be passed into `parseError()`.\n *               See it's use in this parser kernel in many places; example usage:\n *\n *                   var infoObj = parser.constructParseErrorInfo('fail!', null,\n *                                     parser.collect_expected_token_set(state), true);\n *                   var retVal = parser.parseError(infoObj.errStr, infoObj, parser.JisonParserError);\n *\n *    originalParseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *               The basic `parseError` handler provided by JISON.\n *               `cleanupAfterParse()` will clean up and reset `parseError()` to reference this function\n *               at the end of the `parse()`.\n *\n *    options: { ... parser %options ... },\n *\n *    parse: function(input[, args...]),\n *               Parse the given `input` and return the parsed value (or `true` when none was provided by\n *               the root action, in which case the parser is acting as a *matcher*).\n *               You MAY use the additional `args...` parameters as per `%parse-param` spec of this grammar:\n *               these extra `args...` are added verbatim to the `yy` object reference as member variables.\n *\n *               WARNING:\n *               Parser's additional `args...` parameters (via `%parse-param`) MAY conflict with\n *               any attributes already added to `yy` by the jison run-time;\n *               when such a collision is detected an exception is thrown to prevent the generated run-time\n *               from silently accepting this confusing and potentially hazardous situation!\n *\n *               The lexer MAY add its own set of additional parameters (via the `%parse-param` line in\n *               the lexer section of the grammar spec): these will be inserted in the `yy` shared state\n *               object and any collision with those will be reported by the lexer via a thrown exception.\n *\n *    cleanupAfterParse: function(resultValue, invoke_post_methods, do_not_nuke_errorinfos),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               This helper API is invoked at the end of the `parse()` call, unless an exception was thrown\n *               and `%options no-try-catch` has been defined for this grammar: in that case this helper MAY\n *               be invoked by calling user code to ensure the `post_parse` callbacks are invoked and\n *               the internal parser gets properly garbage collected under these particular circumstances.\n *\n *    yyMergeLocationInfo: function(first_index, last_index, first_yylloc, last_yylloc, dont_look_back),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               This helper API can be invoked to calculate a spanning `yylloc` location info object.\n *\n *               Note: %epsilon rules MAY specify no `first_index` and `first_yylloc`, in which case\n *               this function will attempt to obtain a suitable location marker by inspecting the location stack\n *               backwards.\n *\n *               For more info see the documentation comment further below, immediately above this function's\n *               implementation.\n *\n *    lexer: {\n *        yy: {...},           A reference to the so-called \"shared state\" `yy` once\n *                             received via a call to the `.setInput(input, yy)` lexer API.\n *        EOF: 1,\n *        ERROR: 2,\n *        JisonLexerError: function(msg, hash),\n *        parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *        setInput: function(input, [yy]),\n *        input: function(),\n *        unput: function(str),\n *        more: function(),\n *        reject: function(),\n *        less: function(n),\n *        pastInput: function(n),\n *        upcomingInput: function(n),\n *        showPosition: function(),\n *        test_match: function(regex_match_array, rule_index, ...),\n *        next: function(...),\n *        lex: function(...),\n *        begin: function(condition),\n *        pushState: function(condition),\n *        popState: function(),\n *        topState: function(),\n *        _currentRules: function(),\n *        stateStackSize: function(),\n *        cleanupAfterLex: function()\n *\n *        options: { ... lexer %options ... },\n *\n *        performAction: function(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START, ...),\n *        rules: [...],\n *        conditions: {associative list: name ==> set},\n *    }\n *  }\n *\n *\n *  token location info (@$, _$, etc.): {\n *    first_line: n,\n *    last_line: n,\n *    first_column: n,\n *    last_column: n,\n *    range: [start_number, end_number]\n *               (where the numbers are indexes into the input string, zero-based)\n *  }\n *\n * ---\n *\n * The `parseError` function receives a 'hash' object with these members for lexer and\n * parser errors:\n *\n *  {\n *    text:        (matched text)\n *    token:       (the produced terminal token, if any)\n *    token_id:    (the produced terminal token numeric ID, if any)\n *    line:        (yylineno)\n *    loc:         (yylloc)\n *  }\n *\n * parser (grammar) errors will also provide these additional members:\n *\n *  {\n *    expected:    (array describing the set of expected tokens;\n *                  may be UNDEFINED when we cannot easily produce such a set)\n *    state:       (integer (or array when the table includes grammar collisions);\n *                  represents the current internal state of the parser kernel.\n *                  can, for example, be used to pass to the `collect_expected_token_set()`\n *                  API to obtain the expected token set)\n *    action:      (integer; represents the current internal action which will be executed)\n *    new_state:   (integer; represents the next/planned internal state, once the current\n *                  action has executed)\n *    recoverable: (boolean: TRUE when the parser MAY have an error recovery rule\n *                  available for this particular error)\n *    state_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal state stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    value_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal `$$` value stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    location_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal location stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    yy:          (object: the current parser internal \"shared state\" `yy`\n *                  as is also available in the rule actions; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance used by the parser)\n *    parser:      (reference to the current parser instance)\n *  }\n *\n * while `this` will reference the current parser instance.\n *\n * When `parseError` is invoked by the lexer, `this` will still reference the related *parser*\n * instance, while these additional `hash` fields will also be provided:\n *\n *  {\n *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance which reported the error)\n *  }\n *\n * When `parseError` is invoked by the parser due to a **JavaScript exception** being fired\n * from either the parser or lexer, `this` will still reference the related *parser*\n * instance, while these additional `hash` fields will also be provided:\n *\n *  {\n *    exception:   (reference to the exception thrown)\n *  }\n *\n * Please do note that in the latter situation, the `expected` field will be omitted as\n * this type of failure is assumed not to be due to *parse errors* but rather due to user\n * action code in either parser or lexer failing unexpectedly.\n *\n * ---\n *\n * You can specify parser options by setting / modifying the `.yy` object of your Parser instance.\n * These options are available:\n *\n * ### options which are global for all parser instances\n *\n *  Parser.pre_parse: function(yy)\n *                 optional: you can specify a pre_parse() function in the chunk following\n *                 the grammar, i.e. after the last `%%`.\n *  Parser.post_parse: function(yy, retval, parseInfo) { return retval; }\n *                 optional: you can specify a post_parse() function in the chunk following\n *                 the grammar, i.e. after the last `%%`. When it does not return any value,\n *                 the parser will return the original `retval`.\n *\n * ### options which can be set up per parser instance\n *\n *  yy: {\n *      pre_parse:  function(yy)\n *                 optional: is invoked before the parse cycle starts (and before the first\n *                 invocation of `lex()`) but immediately after the invocation of\n *                 `parser.pre_parse()`).\n *      post_parse: function(yy, retval, parseInfo) { return retval; }\n *                 optional: is invoked when the parse terminates due to success ('accept')\n *                 or failure (even when exceptions are thrown).\n *                 `retval` contains the return value to be produced by `Parser.parse()`;\n *                 this function can override the return value by returning another.\n *                 When it does not return any value, the parser will return the original\n *                 `retval`.\n *                 This function is invoked immediately before `parser.post_parse()`.\n *\n *      parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass)\n *                 optional: overrides the default `parseError` function.\n *      quoteName: function(name),\n *                 optional: overrides the default `quoteName` function.\n *  }\n *\n *  parser.lexer.options: {\n *      pre_lex:  function()\n *                 optional: is invoked before the lexer is invoked to produce another token.\n *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n *      post_lex: function(token) { return token; }\n *                 optional: is invoked when the lexer has produced a token `token`;\n *                 this function can override the returned token value by returning another.\n *                 When it does not return any (truthy) value, the lexer will return\n *                 the original `token`.\n *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n *\n *      ranges: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> token location info will include a .range[] member.\n *      flex: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> flex-like lexing behaviour where the rules are tested\n *                 exhaustively to find the longest match.\n *      backtrack_lexer: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer regexes are tested in order and for invoked;\n *                 the lexer terminates the scan when a token is returned by the action code.\n *      xregexp: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer rule regexes are \"extended regex format\" requiring the\n *                 `XRegExp` library. When this `%option` has not been specified at compile time, all lexer\n *                 rule regexes have been written as standard JavaScript RegExp expressions.\n *  }\n */\n\nvar parser = function () {\n  // See also:\n  // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382107/whats-a-good-way-to-extend-error-in-javascript/#35881508\n  // but we keep the prototype.constructor and prototype.name assignment lines too for compatibility\n  // with userland code which might access the derived class in a 'classic' way.\n  function JisonParserError(msg, hash) {\n    Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', {\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: false,\n      value: 'JisonParserError'\n    });\n    if (msg == null) msg = '???';\n    Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', {\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      value: msg\n    });\n    this.hash = hash;\n    var stacktrace;\n    if (hash && hash.exception instanceof Error) {\n      var ex2 = hash.exception;\n      this.message = ex2.message || msg;\n      stacktrace = ex2.stack;\n    }\n    if (!stacktrace) {\n      if (Error.hasOwnProperty('captureStackTrace')) {\n        // V8/Chrome engine\n        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n      } else {\n        stacktrace = new Error(msg).stack;\n      }\n    }\n    if (stacktrace) {\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        value: stacktrace\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  if (typeof Object.setPrototypeOf === 'function') {\n    Object.setPrototypeOf(JisonParserError.prototype, Error.prototype);\n  } else {\n    JisonParserError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n  }\n  JisonParserError.prototype.constructor = JisonParserError;\n  JisonParserError.prototype.name = 'JisonParserError';\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the productions[] table\n  function bp(s) {\n    var rv = [];\n    var p = s.pop;\n    var r = s.rule;\n    for (var i = 0, l = p.length; i < l; i++) {\n      rv.push([p[i], r[i]]);\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the defaultActions[] table\n  function bda(s) {\n    var rv = {};\n    var d = s.idx;\n    var g = s.goto;\n    for (var i = 0, l = d.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var j = d[i];\n      rv[j] = g[i];\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the 'goto' table\n  function bt(s) {\n    var rv = [];\n    var d = s.len;\n    var y = s.symbol;\n    var t = s.type;\n    var a = s.state;\n    var m = s.mode;\n    var g = s.goto;\n    for (var i = 0, l = d.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var n = d[i];\n      var q = {};\n      for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n        var z = y.shift();\n        switch (t.shift()) {\n          case 2:\n            q[z] = [m.shift(), g.shift()];\n            break;\n          case 0:\n            q[z] = a.shift();\n            break;\n          default:\n            // type === 1: accept\n            q[z] = [3];\n        }\n      }\n      rv.push(q);\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: runlength encoding with increment step: code, length: step (default step = 0)\n  // `this` references an array\n  function s(c, l, a) {\n    a = a || 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {\n      this.push(c);\n      c += a;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // helper: duplicate sequence from *relative* offset and length.\n  // `this` references an array\n  function c(i, l) {\n    i = this.length - i;\n    for (l += i; i < l; i++) {\n      this.push(this[i]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // helper: unpack an array using helpers and data, all passed in an array argument 'a'.\n  function u(a) {\n    var rv = [];\n    for (var i = 0, l = a.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var e = a[i];\n      // Is this entry a helper function?\n      if (typeof e === 'function') {\n        i++;\n        e.apply(rv, a[i]);\n      } else {\n        rv.push(e);\n      }\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n  var parser = {\n    // Code Generator Information Report\n    // ---------------------------------\n    //\n    // Options:\n    //\n    //   default action mode: ............. [\"classic\",\"merge\"]\n    //   test-compile action mode: ........ \"parser:*,lexer:*\"\n    //   try..catch: ...................... true\n    //   default resolve on conflict: ..... true\n    //   on-demand look-ahead: ............ false\n    //   error recovery token skip maximum: 3\n    //   yyerror in parse actions is: ..... NOT recoverable,\n    //   yyerror in lexer actions and other non-fatal lexer are:\n    //   .................................. NOT recoverable,\n    //   debug grammar/output: ............ false\n    //   has partial LR conflict upgrade:   true\n    //   rudimentary token-stack support:   false\n    //   parser table compression mode: ... 2\n    //   export debug tables: ............. false\n    //   export *all* tables: ............. false\n    //   module type: ..................... commonjs\n    //   parser engine type: .............. lalr\n    //   output main() in the module: ..... true\n    //   has user-specified main(): ....... false\n    //   has user-specified require()/import modules for main():\n    //   .................................. false\n    //   number of expected conflicts: .... 0\n    //\n    //\n    // Parser Analysis flags:\n    //\n    //   no significant actions (parser is a language matcher only):\n    //   .................................. false\n    //   uses yyleng: ..................... false\n    //   uses yylineno: ................... false\n    //   uses yytext: ..................... false\n    //   uses yylloc: ..................... false\n    //   uses ParseError API: ............. false\n    //   uses YYERROR: .................... false\n    //   uses YYRECOVERING: ............... false\n    //   uses YYERROK: .................... false\n    //   uses YYCLEARIN: .................. false\n    //   tracks rule values: .............. true\n    //   assigns rule values: ............. true\n    //   uses location tracking: .......... false\n    //   assigns location: ................ false\n    //   uses yystack: .................... false\n    //   uses yysstack: ................... false\n    //   uses yysp: ....................... true\n    //   uses yyrulelength: ............... false\n    //   uses yyMergeLocationInfo API: .... false\n    //   has error recovery: .............. false\n    //   has error reporting: ............. false\n    //\n    // --------- END OF REPORT -----------\n\n    trace: function no_op_trace() {},\n    JisonParserError: JisonParserError,\n    yy: {},\n    options: {\n      type: \"lalr\",\n      hasPartialLrUpgradeOnConflict: true,\n      errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount: 3\n    },\n    symbols_: {\n      \"$accept\": 0,\n      \"$end\": 1,\n      \"ADD\": 3,\n      \"ANGLE\": 16,\n      \"CHS\": 22,\n      \"COMMA\": 14,\n      \"CSS_CPROP\": 13,\n      \"CSS_VAR\": 12,\n      \"DIV\": 6,\n      \"EMS\": 20,\n      \"EOF\": 1,\n      \"EXS\": 21,\n      \"FREQ\": 18,\n      \"LENGTH\": 15,\n      \"LPAREN\": 7,\n      \"MUL\": 5,\n      \"NESTED_CALC\": 9,\n      \"NUMBER\": 11,\n      \"PERCENTAGE\": 28,\n      \"PREFIX\": 10,\n      \"REMS\": 23,\n      \"RES\": 19,\n      \"RPAREN\": 8,\n      \"SUB\": 4,\n      \"TIME\": 17,\n      \"VHS\": 24,\n      \"VMAXS\": 27,\n      \"VMINS\": 26,\n      \"VWS\": 25,\n      \"css_value\": 33,\n      \"css_variable\": 32,\n      \"error\": 2,\n      \"expression\": 29,\n      \"math_expression\": 30,\n      \"value\": 31\n    },\n    terminals_: {\n      1: \"EOF\",\n      2: \"error\",\n      3: \"ADD\",\n      4: \"SUB\",\n      5: \"MUL\",\n      6: \"DIV\",\n      7: \"LPAREN\",\n      8: \"RPAREN\",\n      9: \"NESTED_CALC\",\n      10: \"PREFIX\",\n      11: \"NUMBER\",\n      12: \"CSS_VAR\",\n      13: \"CSS_CPROP\",\n      14: \"COMMA\",\n      15: \"LENGTH\",\n      16: \"ANGLE\",\n      17: \"TIME\",\n      18: \"FREQ\",\n      19: \"RES\",\n      20: \"EMS\",\n      21: \"EXS\",\n      22: \"CHS\",\n      23: \"REMS\",\n      24: \"VHS\",\n      25: \"VWS\",\n      26: \"VMINS\",\n      27: \"VMAXS\",\n      28: \"PERCENTAGE\"\n    },\n    TERROR: 2,\n    EOF: 1,\n    // internals: defined here so the object *structure* doesn't get modified by parse() et al,\n    // thus helping JIT compilers like Chrome V8.\n    originalQuoteName: null,\n    originalParseError: null,\n    cleanupAfterParse: null,\n    constructParseErrorInfo: null,\n    yyMergeLocationInfo: null,\n    __reentrant_call_depth: 0,\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY\n    __error_infos: [],\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of parseErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup\n    __error_recovery_infos: [],\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of parseErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup\n\n    // APIs which will be set up depending on user action code analysis:\n    //yyRecovering: 0,\n    //yyErrOk: 0,\n    //yyClearIn: 0,\n\n    // Helper APIs\n    // -----------\n\n    // Helper function which can be overridden by user code later on: put suitable quotes around\n    // literal IDs in a description string.\n    quoteName: function parser_quoteName(id_str) {\n      return '\"' + id_str + '\"';\n    },\n    // Return the name of the given symbol (terminal or non-terminal) as a string, when available.\n    //\n    // Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n    getSymbolName: function parser_getSymbolName(symbol) {\n      if (this.terminals_[symbol]) {\n        return this.terminals_[symbol];\n      }\n\n      // Otherwise... this might refer to a RULE token i.e. a non-terminal: see if we can dig that one up.\n      //\n      // An example of this may be where a rule's action code contains a call like this:\n      //\n      //      parser.getSymbolName(#$)\n      //\n      // to obtain a human-readable name of the current grammar rule.\n      var s = this.symbols_;\n      for (var key in s) {\n        if (s[key] === symbol) {\n          return key;\n        }\n      }\n      return null;\n    },\n    // Return a more-or-less human-readable description of the given symbol, when available,\n    // or the symbol itself, serving as its own 'description' for lack of something better to serve up.\n    //\n    // Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n    describeSymbol: function parser_describeSymbol(symbol) {\n      if (symbol !== this.EOF && this.terminal_descriptions_ && this.terminal_descriptions_[symbol]) {\n        return this.terminal_descriptions_[symbol];\n      } else if (symbol === this.EOF) {\n        return 'end of input';\n      }\n      var id = this.getSymbolName(symbol);\n      if (id) {\n        return this.quoteName(id);\n      }\n      return null;\n    },\n    // Produce a (more or less) human-readable list of expected tokens at the point of failure.\n    //\n    // The produced list may contain token or token set descriptions instead of the tokens\n    // themselves to help turning this output into something that easier to read by humans\n    // unless `do_not_describe` parameter is set, in which case a list of the raw, *numeric*,\n    // expected terminals and nonterminals is produced.\n    //\n    // The returned list (array) will not contain any duplicate entries.\n    collect_expected_token_set: function parser_collect_expected_token_set(state, do_not_describe) {\n      var TERROR = this.TERROR;\n      var tokenset = [];\n      var check = {};\n      // Has this (error?) state been outfitted with a custom expectations description text for human consumption?\n      // If so, use that one instead of the less palatable token set.\n      if (!do_not_describe && this.state_descriptions_ && this.state_descriptions_[state]) {\n        return [this.state_descriptions_[state]];\n      }\n      for (var p in this.table[state]) {\n        p = +p;\n        if (p !== TERROR) {\n          var d = do_not_describe ? p : this.describeSymbol(p);\n          if (d && !check[d]) {\n            tokenset.push(d);\n            check[d] = true; // Mark this token description as already mentioned to prevent outputting duplicate entries.\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      return tokenset;\n    },\n    productions_: bp({\n      pop: u([29, s, [30, 10], 31, 31, 32, 32, s, [33, 15]]),\n      rule: u([2, s, [3, 5], 4, 7, s, [1, 4], 2, 4, 6, s, [1, 14], 2])\n    }),\n    performAction: function parser__PerformAction(yystate /* action[1] */, yysp, yyvstack) {\n      /* this == yyval */\n\n      // the JS engine itself can go and remove these statements when `yy` turns out to be unused in any action code!\n      var yy = this.yy;\n      var yyparser = yy.parser;\n      var yylexer = yy.lexer;\n      switch (yystate) {\n        case 0:\n          /*! Production::    $accept : expression $end */\n\n          // default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 1,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-):\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          // END of default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 1,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-)\n          break;\n        case 1:\n          /*! Production::    expression : math_expression EOF */\n\n          // default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 2,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-):\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          // END of default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 2,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-)\n\n          return yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          break;\n        case 2:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression ADD math_expression */\n        case 3:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression SUB math_expression */\n        case 4:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression MUL math_expression */\n        case 5:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression DIV math_expression */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'MathExpression',\n            operator: yyvstack[yysp - 1],\n            left: yyvstack[yysp - 2],\n            right: yyvstack[yysp]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 6:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          break;\n        case 7:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : NESTED_CALC LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Calc',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 8:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : SUB PREFIX SUB NESTED_CALC LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Calc',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1],\n            prefix: yyvstack[yysp - 5]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 9:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : css_variable */\n        case 10:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : css_value */\n        case 11:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : value */\n\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp];\n          break;\n        case 12:\n          /*! Production::    value : NUMBER */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Value',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp])\n          };\n          break;\n        case 13:\n          /*! Production::    value : SUB NUMBER */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Value',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]) * -1\n          };\n          break;\n        case 14:\n          /*! Production::    css_variable : CSS_VAR LPAREN CSS_CPROP RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'CssVariable',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 15:\n          /*! Production::    css_variable : CSS_VAR LPAREN CSS_CPROP COMMA math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'CssVariable',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 3],\n            fallback: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 16:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : LENGTH */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'LengthValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 17:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : ANGLE */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'AngleValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 18:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : TIME */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'TimeValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 19:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : FREQ */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'FrequencyValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 20:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : RES */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ResolutionValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 21:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : EMS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'EmValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'em'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 22:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : EXS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ExValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'ex'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 23:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : CHS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ChValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'ch'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 24:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : REMS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'RemValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'rem'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 25:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VHS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VhValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vh'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 26:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VWS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VwValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vw'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 27:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VMINS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VminValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vmin'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 28:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VMAXS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VmaxValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vmax'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 29:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : PERCENTAGE */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'PercentageValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: '%'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 30:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : SUB css_value */\n\n          var prev = yyvstack[yysp];\n          prev.value *= -1;\n          this.$ = prev;\n          break;\n      }\n    },\n    table: bt({\n      len: u([24, 1, 5, 23, 1, 18, s, [0, 3], 1, s, [0, 16], s, [23, 4], c, [28, 3], 0, 0, 16, 1, 6, 6, s, [0, 3], 5, 1, 2, c, [37, 3], c, [20, 3], 5, 0, 0]),\n      symbol: u([4, 7, 9, 11, 12, s, [15, 19, 1], 1, 1, s, [3, 4, 1], c, [30, 19], c, [29, 4], 7, 4, 10, 11, c, [22, 14], c, [19, 3], c, [43, 22], c, [23, 69], c, [139, 4], 8, c, [51, 24], 4, c, [138, 15], 13, c, [186, 5], 8, c, [6, 6], c, [5, 5], 9, 8, 14, c, [159, 47], c, [60, 10]]),\n      type: u([s, [2, 19], s, [0, 5], 1, s, [2, 24], s, [0, 4], c, [22, 19], c, [43, 42], c, [23, 70], c, [28, 25], c, [45, 25], c, [113, 54]]),\n      state: u([1, 2, 8, 6, 7, 30, c, [4, 3], 33, 37, c, [5, 3], 38, c, [4, 3], 39, c, [4, 3], 40, c, [4, 3], 42, c, [21, 4], 50, c, [5, 3], 51, c, [4, 3]]),\n      mode: u([s, [1, 179], s, [2, 3], c, [5, 5], c, [6, 4], s, [1, 57]]),\n      goto: u([5, 3, 4, 24, s, [9, 15, 1], s, [25, 5, 1], c, [24, 19], 31, 35, 32, 34, c, [18, 14], 36, c, [38, 19], c, [19, 57], c, [118, 4], 41, c, [24, 19], 43, 35, c, [16, 14], 44, s, [2, 3], 28, 29, 2, s, [3, 3], 28, 29, 3, c, [53, 4], s, [45, 5, 1], c, [100, 42], 52, c, [5, 4], 53])\n    }),\n    defaultActions: bda({\n      idx: u([6, 7, 8, s, [10, 16, 1], 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 52, 53]),\n      goto: u([9, 10, 11, s, [16, 14, 1], 12, 1, 30, 13, s, [4, 4, 1], 14, 15, 8])\n    }),\n    parseError: function parseError(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n      if (hash.recoverable) {\n        if (typeof this.trace === 'function') {\n          this.trace(str);\n        }\n        hash.destroy(); // destroy... well, *almost*!\n      } else {\n        if (typeof this.trace === 'function') {\n          this.trace(str);\n        }\n        if (!ExceptionClass) {\n          ExceptionClass = this.JisonParserError;\n        }\n        throw new ExceptionClass(str, hash);\n      }\n    },\n    parse: function parse(input) {\n      var self = this;\n      var stack = new Array(128); // token stack: stores token which leads to state at the same index (column storage)\n      var sstack = new Array(128); // state stack: stores states (column storage)\n\n      var vstack = new Array(128); // semantic value stack\n\n      var table = this.table;\n      var sp = 0; // 'stack pointer': index into the stacks\n\n      var symbol = 0;\n      var TERROR = this.TERROR;\n      var EOF = this.EOF;\n      var ERROR_RECOVERY_TOKEN_DISCARD_COUNT = this.options.errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount | 0 || 3;\n      var NO_ACTION = [0, 54 /* === table.length :: ensures that anyone using this new state will fail dramatically! */];\n\n      var lexer;\n      if (this.__lexer__) {\n        lexer = this.__lexer__;\n      } else {\n        lexer = this.__lexer__ = Object.create(this.lexer);\n      }\n      var sharedState_yy = {\n        parseError: undefined,\n        quoteName: undefined,\n        lexer: undefined,\n        parser: undefined,\n        pre_parse: undefined,\n        post_parse: undefined,\n        pre_lex: undefined,\n        post_lex: undefined // WARNING: must be written this way for the code expanders to work correctly in both ES5 and ES6 modes!\n      };\n\n      var ASSERT;\n      if (typeof assert !== 'function') {\n        ASSERT = function JisonAssert(cond, msg) {\n          if (!cond) {\n            throw new Error('assertion failed: ' + (msg || '***'));\n          }\n        };\n      } else {\n        ASSERT = assert;\n      }\n      this.yyGetSharedState = function yyGetSharedState() {\n        return sharedState_yy;\n      };\n      function shallow_copy_noclobber(dst, src) {\n        for (var k in src) {\n          if (typeof dst[k] === 'undefined' && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(src, k)) {\n            dst[k] = src[k];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // copy state\n      shallow_copy_noclobber(sharedState_yy, this.yy);\n      sharedState_yy.lexer = lexer;\n      sharedState_yy.parser = this;\n\n      // Does the shared state override the default `parseError` that already comes with this instance?\n      if (typeof sharedState_yy.parseError === 'function') {\n        this.parseError = function parseErrorAlt(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n          if (!ExceptionClass) {\n            ExceptionClass = this.JisonParserError;\n          }\n          return sharedState_yy.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass);\n        };\n      } else {\n        this.parseError = this.originalParseError;\n      }\n\n      // Does the shared state override the default `quoteName` that already comes with this instance?\n      if (typeof sharedState_yy.quoteName === 'function') {\n        this.quoteName = function quoteNameAlt(id_str) {\n          return sharedState_yy.quoteName.call(this, id_str);\n        };\n      } else {\n        this.quoteName = this.originalQuoteName;\n      }\n\n      // set up the cleanup function; make it an API so that external code can re-use this one in case of\n      // calamities or when the `%options no-try-catch` option has been specified for the grammar, in which\n      // case this parse() API method doesn't come with a `finally { ... }` block any more!\n      //\n      // NOTE: as this API uses parse() as a closure, it MUST be set again on every parse() invocation,\n      //       or else your `sharedState`, etc. references will be *wrong*!\n      this.cleanupAfterParse = function parser_cleanupAfterParse(resultValue, invoke_post_methods, do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n        var rv;\n        if (invoke_post_methods) {\n          var hash;\n          if (sharedState_yy.post_parse || this.post_parse) {\n            // create an error hash info instance: we re-use this API in a **non-error situation**\n            // as this one delivers all parser internals ready for access by userland code.\n            hash = this.constructParseErrorInfo(null /* no error! */, null /* no exception! */, null, false);\n          }\n          if (sharedState_yy.post_parse) {\n            rv = sharedState_yy.post_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy, resultValue, hash);\n            if (typeof rv !== 'undefined') resultValue = rv;\n          }\n          if (this.post_parse) {\n            rv = this.post_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy, resultValue, hash);\n            if (typeof rv !== 'undefined') resultValue = rv;\n          }\n\n          // cleanup:\n          if (hash && hash.destroy) {\n            hash.destroy();\n          }\n        }\n        if (this.__reentrant_call_depth > 1) return resultValue; // do not (yet) kill the sharedState when this is a reentrant run.\n\n        // clean up the lingering lexer structures as well:\n        if (lexer.cleanupAfterLex) {\n          lexer.cleanupAfterLex(do_not_nuke_errorinfos);\n        }\n\n        // prevent lingering circular references from causing memory leaks:\n        if (sharedState_yy) {\n          sharedState_yy.lexer = undefined;\n          sharedState_yy.parser = undefined;\n          if (lexer.yy === sharedState_yy) {\n            lexer.yy = undefined;\n          }\n        }\n        sharedState_yy = undefined;\n        this.parseError = this.originalParseError;\n        this.quoteName = this.originalQuoteName;\n\n        // nuke the vstack[] array at least as that one will still reference obsoleted user values.\n        // To be safe, we nuke the other internal stack columns as well...\n        stack.length = 0; // fastest way to nuke an array without overly bothering the GC\n        sstack.length = 0;\n        vstack.length = 0;\n        sp = 0;\n\n        // nuke the error hash info instances created during this run.\n        // Userland code must COPY any data/references\n        // in the error hash instance(s) it is more permanently interested in.\n        if (!do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n          for (var i = this.__error_infos.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            var el = this.__error_infos[i];\n            if (el && typeof el.destroy === 'function') {\n              el.destroy();\n            }\n          }\n          this.__error_infos.length = 0;\n        }\n        return resultValue;\n      };\n\n      // NOTE: as this API uses parse() as a closure, it MUST be set again on every parse() invocation,\n      //       or else your `lexer`, `sharedState`, etc. references will be *wrong*!\n      this.constructParseErrorInfo = function parser_constructParseErrorInfo(msg, ex, expected, recoverable) {\n        var pei = {\n          errStr: msg,\n          exception: ex,\n          text: lexer.match,\n          value: lexer.yytext,\n          token: this.describeSymbol(symbol) || symbol,\n          token_id: symbol,\n          line: lexer.yylineno,\n          expected: expected,\n          recoverable: recoverable,\n          state: state,\n          action: action,\n          new_state: newState,\n          symbol_stack: stack,\n          state_stack: sstack,\n          value_stack: vstack,\n          stack_pointer: sp,\n          yy: sharedState_yy,\n          lexer: lexer,\n          parser: this,\n          // and make sure the error info doesn't stay due to potential\n          // ref cycle via userland code manipulations.\n          // These would otherwise all be memory leak opportunities!\n          //\n          // Note that only array and object references are nuked as those\n          // constitute the set of elements which can produce a cyclic ref.\n          // The rest of the members is kept intact as they are harmless.\n          destroy: function destructParseErrorInfo() {\n            // remove cyclic references added to error info:\n            // info.yy = null;\n            // info.lexer = null;\n            // info.value = null;\n            // info.value_stack = null;\n            // ...\n            var rec = !!this.recoverable;\n            for (var key in this) {\n              if (this.hasOwnProperty(key) && typeof key === 'object') {\n                this[key] = undefined;\n              }\n            }\n            this.recoverable = rec;\n          }\n        };\n        // track this instance so we can `destroy()` it once we deem it superfluous and ready for garbage collection!\n        this.__error_infos.push(pei);\n        return pei;\n      };\n      function getNonTerminalFromCode(symbol) {\n        var tokenName = self.getSymbolName(symbol);\n        if (!tokenName) {\n          tokenName = symbol;\n        }\n        return tokenName;\n      }\n      function stdLex() {\n        var token = lexer.lex();\n        // if token isn't its numeric value, convert\n        if (typeof token !== 'number') {\n          token = self.symbols_[token] || token;\n        }\n        return token || EOF;\n      }\n      function fastLex() {\n        var token = lexer.fastLex();\n        // if token isn't its numeric value, convert\n        if (typeof token !== 'number') {\n          token = self.symbols_[token] || token;\n        }\n        return token || EOF;\n      }\n      var lex = stdLex;\n      var state, action, r, t;\n      var yyval = {\n        $: true,\n        _$: undefined,\n        yy: sharedState_yy\n      };\n      var p;\n      var yyrulelen;\n      var this_production;\n      var newState;\n      var retval = false;\n      try {\n        this.__reentrant_call_depth++;\n        lexer.setInput(input, sharedState_yy);\n\n        // NOTE: we *assume* no lexer pre/post handlers are set up *after* \n        // this initial `setInput()` call: hence we can now check and decide\n        // whether we'll go with the standard, slower, lex() API or the\n        // `fast_lex()` one:\n        if (typeof lexer.canIUse === 'function') {\n          var lexerInfo = lexer.canIUse();\n          if (lexerInfo.fastLex && typeof fastLex === 'function') {\n            lex = fastLex;\n          }\n        }\n        vstack[sp] = null;\n        sstack[sp] = 0;\n        stack[sp] = 0;\n        ++sp;\n        if (this.pre_parse) {\n          this.pre_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy);\n        }\n        if (sharedState_yy.pre_parse) {\n          sharedState_yy.pre_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy);\n        }\n        newState = sstack[sp - 1];\n        for (;;) {\n          // retrieve state number from top of stack\n          state = newState; // sstack[sp - 1];\n\n          // use default actions if available\n          if (this.defaultActions[state]) {\n            action = 2;\n            newState = this.defaultActions[state];\n          } else {\n            // The single `==` condition below covers both these `===` comparisons in a single\n            // operation:\n            //\n            //     if (symbol === null || typeof symbol === 'undefined') ...\n            if (!symbol) {\n              symbol = lex();\n            }\n            // read action for current state and first input\n            t = table[state] && table[state][symbol] || NO_ACTION;\n            newState = t[1];\n            action = t[0];\n\n            // handle parse error\n            if (!action) {\n              var errStr;\n              var errSymbolDescr = this.describeSymbol(symbol) || symbol;\n              var expected = this.collect_expected_token_set(state);\n\n              // Report error\n              if (typeof lexer.yylineno === 'number') {\n                errStr = 'Parse error on line ' + (lexer.yylineno + 1) + ': ';\n              } else {\n                errStr = 'Parse error: ';\n              }\n              if (typeof lexer.showPosition === 'function') {\n                errStr += '\\n' + lexer.showPosition(79 - 10, 10) + '\\n';\n              }\n              if (expected.length) {\n                errStr += 'Expecting ' + expected.join(', ') + ', got unexpected ' + errSymbolDescr;\n              } else {\n                errStr += 'Unexpected ' + errSymbolDescr;\n              }\n              // we cannot recover from the error!\n              p = this.constructParseErrorInfo(errStr, null, expected, false);\n              r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n              }\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n          switch (action) {\n            // catch misc. parse failures:\n            default:\n              // this shouldn't happen, unless resolve defaults are off\n              if (action instanceof Array) {\n                p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: ' + state + ', token: ' + symbol, null, null, false);\n                r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n                if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                  retval = r;\n                }\n                break;\n              }\n              // Another case of better safe than sorry: in case state transitions come out of another error recovery process\n              // or a buggy LUT (LookUp Table):\n              p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parsing halted. No viable error recovery approach available due to internal system failure.', null, null, false);\n              r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n              }\n              break;\n\n            // shift:\n            case 1:\n              stack[sp] = symbol;\n              vstack[sp] = lexer.yytext;\n              sstack[sp] = newState; // push state\n\n              ++sp;\n              symbol = 0;\n\n              // Pick up the lexer details for the current symbol as that one is not 'look-ahead' any more:\n\n              continue;\n\n            // reduce:\n            case 2:\n              this_production = this.productions_[newState - 1]; // `this.productions_[]` is zero-based indexed while states start from 1 upwards...\n              yyrulelen = this_production[1];\n              r = this.performAction.call(yyval, newState, sp - 1, vstack);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n                break;\n              }\n\n              // pop off stack\n              sp -= yyrulelen;\n\n              // don't overwrite the `symbol` variable: use a local var to speed things up:\n              var ntsymbol = this_production[0]; // push nonterminal (reduce)\n              stack[sp] = ntsymbol;\n              vstack[sp] = yyval.$;\n\n              // goto new state = table[STATE][NONTERMINAL]\n              newState = table[sstack[sp - 1]][ntsymbol];\n              sstack[sp] = newState;\n              ++sp;\n              continue;\n\n            // accept:\n            case 3:\n              if (sp !== -2) {\n                retval = true;\n                // Return the `$accept` rule's `$$` result, if available.\n                //\n                // Also note that JISON always adds this top-most `$accept` rule (with implicit,\n                // default, action):\n                //\n                //     $accept: <startSymbol> $end\n                //                  %{ $$ = $1; @$ = @1; %}\n                //\n                // which, combined with the parse kernel's `$accept` state behaviour coded below,\n                // will produce the `$$` value output of the <startSymbol> rule as the parse result,\n                // IFF that result is *not* `undefined`. (See also the parser kernel code.)\n                //\n                // In code:\n                //\n                //                  %{\n                //                      @$ = @1;            // if location tracking support is included\n                //                      if (typeof $1 !== 'undefined')\n                //                          return $1;\n                //                      else\n                //                          return true;           // the default parse result if the rule actions don't produce anything\n                //                  %}\n                sp--;\n                if (typeof vstack[sp] !== 'undefined') {\n                  retval = vstack[sp];\n                }\n              }\n              break;\n          }\n\n          // break out of loop: we accept or fail with error\n          break;\n        }\n      } catch (ex) {\n        // report exceptions through the parseError callback too, but keep the exception intact\n        // if it is a known parser or lexer error which has been thrown by parseError() already:\n        if (ex instanceof this.JisonParserError) {\n          throw ex;\n        } else if (lexer && typeof lexer.JisonLexerError === 'function' && ex instanceof lexer.JisonLexerError) {\n          throw ex;\n        }\n        p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parsing aborted due to exception.', ex, null, false);\n        retval = false;\n        r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n        if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n          retval = r;\n        }\n      } finally {\n        retval = this.cleanupAfterParse(retval, true, true);\n        this.__reentrant_call_depth--;\n      } // /finally\n\n      return retval;\n    }\n  };\n  parser.originalParseError = parser.parseError;\n  parser.originalQuoteName = parser.quoteName;\n  /* lexer generated by jison-lex 0.6.1-215 */\n\n  /*\n   * Returns a Lexer object of the following structure:\n   *\n   *  Lexer: {\n   *    yy: {}     The so-called \"shared state\" or rather the *source* of it;\n   *               the real \"shared state\" `yy` passed around to\n   *               the rule actions, etc. is a direct reference!\n   *\n   *               This \"shared context\" object was passed to the lexer by way of \n   *               the `lexer.setInput(str, yy)` API before you may use it.\n   *\n   *               This \"shared context\" object is passed to the lexer action code in `performAction()`\n   *               so userland code in the lexer actions may communicate with the outside world \n   *               and/or other lexer rules' actions in more or less complex ways.\n   *\n   *  }\n   *\n   *  Lexer.prototype: {\n   *    EOF: 1,\n   *    ERROR: 2,\n   *\n   *    yy:        The overall \"shared context\" object reference.\n   *\n   *    JisonLexerError: function(msg, hash),\n   *\n   *    performAction: function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START),\n   *\n   *               The function parameters and `this` have the following value/meaning:\n   *               - `this`    : reference to the `lexer` instance. \n   *                               `yy_` is an alias for `this` lexer instance reference used internally.\n   *\n   *               - `yy`      : a reference to the `yy` \"shared state\" object which was passed to the lexer\n   *                             by way of the `lexer.setInput(str, yy)` API before.\n   *\n   *                             Note:\n   *                             The extra arguments you specified in the `%parse-param` statement in your\n   *                             **parser** grammar definition file are passed to the lexer via this object\n   *                             reference as member variables.\n   *\n   *               - `yyrulenumber`   : index of the matched lexer rule (regex), used internally.\n   *\n   *               - `YY_START`: the current lexer \"start condition\" state.\n   *\n   *    parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n   *\n   *    constructLexErrorInfo: function(error_message, is_recoverable),\n   *               Helper function.\n   *               Produces a new errorInfo 'hash object' which can be passed into `parseError()`.\n   *               See it's use in this lexer kernel in many places; example usage:\n   *\n   *                   var infoObj = lexer.constructParseErrorInfo('fail!', true);\n   *                   var retVal = lexer.parseError(infoObj.errStr, infoObj, lexer.JisonLexerError);\n   *\n   *    options: { ... lexer %options ... },\n   *\n   *    lex: function(),\n   *               Produce one token of lexed input, which was passed in earlier via the `lexer.setInput()` API.\n   *               You MAY use the additional `args...` parameters as per `%parse-param` spec of the **lexer** grammar:\n   *               these extra `args...` are added verbatim to the `yy` object reference as member variables.\n   *\n   *               WARNING:\n   *               Lexer's additional `args...` parameters (via lexer's `%parse-param`) MAY conflict with\n   *               any attributes already added to `yy` by the **parser** or the jison run-time; \n   *               when such a collision is detected an exception is thrown to prevent the generated run-time \n   *               from silently accepting this confusing and potentially hazardous situation! \n   *\n   *    cleanupAfterLex: function(do_not_nuke_errorinfos),\n   *               Helper function.\n   *\n   *               This helper API is invoked when the **parse process** has completed: it is the responsibility\n   *               of the **parser** (or the calling userland code) to invoke this method once cleanup is desired. \n   *\n   *               This helper may be invoked by user code to ensure the internal lexer gets properly garbage collected.\n   *\n   *    setInput: function(input, [yy]),\n   *\n   *\n   *    input: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    unput: function(str),\n   *\n   *\n   *    more: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    reject: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    less: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    pastInput: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    upcomingInput: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    showPosition: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    test_match: function(regex_match_array, rule_index),\n   *\n   *\n   *    next: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    begin: function(condition),\n   *\n   *\n   *    pushState: function(condition),\n   *\n   *\n   *    popState: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    topState: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    _currentRules: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    stateStackSize: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    performAction: function(yy, yy_, yyrulenumber, YY_START),\n   *\n   *\n   *    rules: [...],\n   *\n   *\n   *    conditions: {associative list: name ==> set},\n   *  }\n   *\n   *\n   *  token location info (`yylloc`): {\n   *    first_line: n,\n   *    last_line: n,\n   *    first_column: n,\n   *    last_column: n,\n   *    range: [start_number, end_number]\n   *               (where the numbers are indexes into the input string, zero-based)\n   *  }\n   *\n   * ---\n   *\n   * The `parseError` function receives a 'hash' object with these members for lexer errors:\n   *\n   *  {\n   *    text:        (matched text)\n   *    token:       (the produced terminal token, if any)\n   *    token_id:    (the produced terminal token numeric ID, if any)\n   *    line:        (yylineno)\n   *    loc:         (yylloc)\n   *    recoverable: (boolean: TRUE when the parser MAY have an error recovery rule\n   *                  available for this particular error)\n   *    yy:          (object: the current parser internal \"shared state\" `yy`\n   *                  as is also available in the rule actions; this can be used,\n   *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n   *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance used by the parser)\n   *  }\n   *\n   * while `this` will reference the current lexer instance.\n   *\n   * When `parseError` is invoked by the lexer, the default implementation will\n   * attempt to invoke `yy.parser.parseError()`; when this callback is not provided\n   * it will try to invoke `yy.parseError()` instead. When that callback is also not\n   * provided, a `JisonLexerError` exception will be thrown containing the error\n   * message and `hash`, as constructed by the `constructLexErrorInfo()` API.\n   *\n   * Note that the lexer's `JisonLexerError` error class is passed via the\n   * `ExceptionClass` argument, which is invoked to construct the exception\n   * instance to be thrown, so technically `parseError` will throw the object\n   * produced by the `new ExceptionClass(str, hash)` JavaScript expression.\n   *\n   * ---\n   *\n   * You can specify lexer options by setting / modifying the `.options` object of your Lexer instance.\n   * These options are available:\n   *\n   * (Options are permanent.)\n   *  \n   *  yy: {\n   *      parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass)\n   *                 optional: overrides the default `parseError` function.\n   *  }\n   *\n   *  lexer.options: {\n   *      pre_lex:  function()\n   *                 optional: is invoked before the lexer is invoked to produce another token.\n   *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n   *      post_lex: function(token) { return token; }\n   *                 optional: is invoked when the lexer has produced a token `token`;\n   *                 this function can override the returned token value by returning another.\n   *                 When it does not return any (truthy) value, the lexer will return\n   *                 the original `token`.\n   *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n   *\n   * WARNING: the next set of options are not meant to be changed. They echo the abilities of\n   * the lexer as per when it was compiled!\n   *\n   *      ranges: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> token location info will include a .range[] member.\n   *      flex: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> flex-like lexing behaviour where the rules are tested\n   *                 exhaustively to find the longest match.\n   *      backtrack_lexer: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer regexes are tested in order and for invoked;\n   *                 the lexer terminates the scan when a token is returned by the action code.\n   *      xregexp: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer rule regexes are \"extended regex format\" requiring the\n   *                 `XRegExp` library. When this %option has not been specified at compile time, all lexer\n   *                 rule regexes have been written as standard JavaScript RegExp expressions.\n   *  }\n   */\n\n  var lexer = function () {\n    /**\n     * See also:\n     * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382107/whats-a-good-way-to-extend-error-in-javascript/#35881508\n     * but we keep the prototype.constructor and prototype.name assignment lines too for compatibility\n     * with userland code which might access the derived class in a 'classic' way.\n     *\n     * @public\n     * @constructor\n     * @nocollapse\n     */\n    function JisonLexerError(msg, hash) {\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        value: 'JisonLexerError'\n      });\n      if (msg == null) msg = '???';\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: true,\n        value: msg\n      });\n      this.hash = hash;\n      var stacktrace;\n      if (hash && hash.exception instanceof Error) {\n        var ex2 = hash.exception;\n        this.message = ex2.message || msg;\n        stacktrace = ex2.stack;\n      }\n      if (!stacktrace) {\n        if (Error.hasOwnProperty('captureStackTrace')) {\n          // V8\n          Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n        } else {\n          stacktrace = new Error(msg).stack;\n        }\n      }\n      if (stacktrace) {\n        Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', {\n          enumerable: false,\n          writable: false,\n          value: stacktrace\n        });\n      }\n    }\n    if (typeof Object.setPrototypeOf === 'function') {\n      Object.setPrototypeOf(JisonLexerError.prototype, Error.prototype);\n    } else {\n      JisonLexerError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n    }\n    JisonLexerError.prototype.constructor = JisonLexerError;\n    JisonLexerError.prototype.name = 'JisonLexerError';\n    var lexer = {\n      // Code Generator Information Report\n      // ---------------------------------\n      //\n      // Options:\n      //\n      //   backtracking: .................... false\n      //   location.ranges: ................. false\n      //   location line+column tracking: ... true\n      //\n      //\n      // Forwarded Parser Analysis flags:\n      //\n      //   uses yyleng: ..................... false\n      //   uses yylineno: ................... false\n      //   uses yytext: ..................... false\n      //   uses yylloc: ..................... false\n      //   uses lexer values: ............... true / true\n      //   location tracking: ............... false\n      //   location assignment: ............. false\n      //\n      //\n      // Lexer Analysis flags:\n      //\n      //   uses yyleng: ..................... ???\n      //   uses yylineno: ................... ???\n      //   uses yytext: ..................... ???\n      //   uses yylloc: ..................... ???\n      //   uses ParseError API: ............. ???\n      //   uses yyerror: .................... ???\n      //   uses location tracking & editing:  ???\n      //   uses more() API: ................. ???\n      //   uses unput() API: ................ ???\n      //   uses reject() API: ............... ???\n      //   uses less() API: ................. ???\n      //   uses display APIs pastInput(), upcomingInput(), showPosition():\n      //        ............................. ???\n      //   uses describeYYLLOC() API: ....... ???\n      //\n      // --------- END OF REPORT -----------\n\n      EOF: 1,\n      ERROR: 2,\n      // JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,        /// <-- injected by the code generator\n\n      // options: {},                             /// <-- injected by the code generator\n\n      // yy: ...,                                 /// <-- injected by setInput()\n\n      __currentRuleSet__: null,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: internal rule set cache for the current lexer state  \n\n      __error_infos: [],\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of lexErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup  \n      __decompressed: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: mark whether the lexer instance has been 'unfolded' completely and is now ready for use  \n      done: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _backtrack: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _input: '',\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _more: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _signaled_error_token: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      conditionStack: [],\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY; managed via `pushState()`, `popState()`, `topState()` and `stateStackSize()`  \n      match: '',\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction. `match` is identical to `yytext` except that this one still contains the matched input string after `lexer.performAction()` has been invoked, where userland code MAY have changed/replaced the `yytext` value entirely!  \n      matched: '',\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks entire input which has been matched so far  \n      matches: false,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks RE match result for last (successful) match attempt  \n      yytext: '',\n      /// ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction; this value is transferred to the parser as the 'token value' when the parser consumes the lexer token produced through a call to the `lex()` API.  \n      offset: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks the 'cursor position' in the input string, i.e. the number of characters matched so far  \n      yyleng: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: length of matched input for the token under construction (`yytext`)  \n      yylineno: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: 'line number' at which the token under construction is located  \n      yylloc: null,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks location info (lines + columns) for the token under construction  \n\n      /**\n       * INTERNAL USE: construct a suitable error info hash object instance for `parseError`.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      constructLexErrorInfo: function lexer_constructLexErrorInfo(msg, recoverable, show_input_position) {\n        msg = '' + msg;\n\n        // heuristic to determine if the error message already contains a (partial) source code dump\n        // as produced by either `showPosition()` or `prettyPrintRange()`:\n        if (show_input_position == undefined) {\n          show_input_position = !(msg.indexOf('\\n') > 0 && msg.indexOf('^') > 0);\n        }\n        if (this.yylloc && show_input_position) {\n          if (typeof this.prettyPrintRange === 'function') {\n            var pretty_src = this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);\n            if (!/\\n\\s*$/.test(msg)) {\n              msg += '\\n';\n            }\n            msg += '\\n  Erroneous area:\\n' + this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);\n          } else if (typeof this.showPosition === 'function') {\n            var pos_str = this.showPosition();\n            if (pos_str) {\n              if (msg.length && msg[msg.length - 1] !== '\\n' && pos_str[0] !== '\\n') {\n                msg += '\\n' + pos_str;\n              } else {\n                msg += pos_str;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        /** @constructor */\n        var pei = {\n          errStr: msg,\n          recoverable: !!recoverable,\n          text: this.match,\n          // This one MAY be empty; userland code should use the `upcomingInput` API to obtain more text which follows the 'lexer cursor position'...  \n          token: null,\n          line: this.yylineno,\n          loc: this.yylloc,\n          yy: this.yy,\n          lexer: this,\n          /**\n           * and make sure the error info doesn't stay due to potential\n           * ref cycle via userland code manipulations.\n           * These would otherwise all be memory leak opportunities!\n           * \n           * Note that only array and object references are nuked as those\n           * constitute the set of elements which can produce a cyclic ref.\n           * The rest of the members is kept intact as they are harmless.\n           * \n           * @public\n           * @this {LexErrorInfo}\n           */\n          destroy: function destructLexErrorInfo() {\n            // remove cyclic references added to error info:\n            // info.yy = null;\n            // info.lexer = null;\n            // ...\n            var rec = !!this.recoverable;\n            for (var key in this) {\n              if (this.hasOwnProperty(key) && typeof key === 'object') {\n                this[key] = undefined;\n              }\n            }\n            this.recoverable = rec;\n          }\n        };\n\n        // track this instance so we can `destroy()` it once we deem it superfluous and ready for garbage collection!\n        this.__error_infos.push(pei);\n        return pei;\n      },\n      /**\n       * handler which is invoked when a lexer error occurs.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      parseError: function lexer_parseError(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n        if (!ExceptionClass) {\n          ExceptionClass = this.JisonLexerError;\n        }\n        if (this.yy) {\n          if (this.yy.parser && typeof this.yy.parser.parseError === 'function') {\n            return this.yy.parser.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass) || this.ERROR;\n          } else if (typeof this.yy.parseError === 'function') {\n            return this.yy.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass) || this.ERROR;\n          }\n        }\n        throw new ExceptionClass(str, hash);\n      },\n      /**\n       * method which implements `yyerror(str, ...args)` functionality for use inside lexer actions.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      yyerror: function yyError(str /*, ...args */) {\n        var lineno_msg = '';\n        if (this.yylloc) {\n          lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n        }\n        var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': ' + str, this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable);\n\n        // Add any extra args to the hash under the name `extra_error_attributes`:\n        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);\n        if (args.length) {\n          p.extra_error_attributes = args;\n        }\n        return this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n      },\n      /**\n       * final cleanup function for when we have completed lexing the input;\n       * make it an API so that external code can use this one once userland\n       * code has decided it's time to destroy any lingering lexer error\n       * hash object instances and the like: this function helps to clean\n       * up these constructs, which *may* carry cyclic references which would\n       * otherwise prevent the instances from being properly and timely\n       * garbage-collected, i.e. this function helps prevent memory leaks!\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      cleanupAfterLex: function lexer_cleanupAfterLex(do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n        // prevent lingering circular references from causing memory leaks:\n        this.setInput('', {});\n\n        // nuke the error hash info instances created during this run.\n        // Userland code must COPY any data/references\n        // in the error hash instance(s) it is more permanently interested in.\n        if (!do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n          for (var i = this.__error_infos.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            var el = this.__error_infos[i];\n            if (el && typeof el.destroy === 'function') {\n              el.destroy();\n            }\n          }\n          this.__error_infos.length = 0;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * clear the lexer token context; intended for internal use only\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      clear: function lexer_clear() {\n        this.yytext = '';\n        this.yyleng = 0;\n        this.match = '';\n\n        // - DO NOT reset `this.matched`\n        this.matches = false;\n        this._more = false;\n        this._backtrack = false;\n        var col = this.yylloc ? this.yylloc.last_column : 0;\n        this.yylloc = {\n          first_line: this.yylineno + 1,\n          first_column: col,\n          last_line: this.yylineno + 1,\n          last_column: col,\n          range: [this.offset, this.offset]\n        };\n      },\n      /**\n       * resets the lexer, sets new input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      setInput: function lexer_setInput(input, yy) {\n        this.yy = yy || this.yy || {};\n\n        // also check if we've fully initialized the lexer instance,\n        // including expansion work to be done to go from a loaded\n        // lexer to a usable lexer:\n        if (!this.__decompressed) {\n          // step 1: decompress the regex list:\n          var rules = this.rules;\n          for (var i = 0, len = rules.length; i < len; i++) {\n            var rule_re = rules[i];\n\n            // compression: is the RE an xref to another RE slot in the rules[] table?\n            if (typeof rule_re === 'number') {\n              rules[i] = rules[rule_re];\n            }\n          }\n\n          // step 2: unfold the conditions[] set to make these ready for use:\n          var conditions = this.conditions;\n          for (var k in conditions) {\n            var spec = conditions[k];\n            var rule_ids = spec.rules;\n            var len = rule_ids.length;\n            var rule_regexes = new Array(len + 1); // slot 0 is unused; we use a 1-based index approach here to keep the hottest code in `lexer_next()` fast and simple! \n            var rule_new_ids = new Array(len + 1);\n            for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n              var idx = rule_ids[i];\n              var rule_re = rules[idx];\n              rule_regexes[i + 1] = rule_re;\n              rule_new_ids[i + 1] = idx;\n            }\n            spec.rules = rule_new_ids;\n            spec.__rule_regexes = rule_regexes;\n            spec.__rule_count = len;\n          }\n          this.__decompressed = true;\n        }\n        this._input = input || '';\n        this.clear();\n        this._signaled_error_token = false;\n        this.done = false;\n        this.yylineno = 0;\n        this.matched = '';\n        this.conditionStack = ['INITIAL'];\n        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n        this.yylloc = {\n          first_line: 1,\n          first_column: 0,\n          last_line: 1,\n          last_column: 0,\n          range: [0, 0]\n        };\n        this.offset = 0;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * edit the remaining input via user-specified callback.\n       * This can be used to forward-adjust the input-to-parse, \n       * e.g. inserting macro expansions and alike in the\n       * input which has yet to be lexed.\n       * The behaviour of this API contrasts the `unput()` et al\n       * APIs as those act on the *consumed* input, while this\n       * one allows one to manipulate the future, without impacting\n       * the current `yyloc` cursor location or any history. \n       * \n       * Use this API to help implement C-preprocessor-like\n       * `#include` statements, etc.\n       * \n       * The provided callback must be synchronous and is\n       * expected to return the edited input (string).\n       *\n       * The `cpsArg` argument value is passed to the callback\n       * as-is.\n       *\n       * `callback` interface: \n       * `function callback(input, cpsArg)`\n       * \n       * - `input` will carry the remaining-input-to-lex string\n       *   from the lexer.\n       * - `cpsArg` is `cpsArg` passed into this API.\n       * \n       * The `this` reference for the callback will be set to\n       * reference this lexer instance so that userland code\n       * in the callback can easily and quickly access any lexer\n       * API. \n       *\n       * When the callback returns a non-string-type falsey value,\n       * we assume the callback did not edit the input and we\n       * will using the input as-is.\n       *\n       * When the callback returns a non-string-type value, it\n       * is converted to a string for lexing via the `\"\" + retval`\n       * operation. (See also why: http://2ality.com/2012/03/converting-to-string.html \n       * -- that way any returned object's `toValue()` and `toString()`\n       * methods will be invoked in a proper/desirable order.)\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      editRemainingInput: function lexer_editRemainingInput(callback, cpsArg) {\n        var rv = callback.call(this, this._input, cpsArg);\n        if (typeof rv !== 'string') {\n          if (rv) {\n            this._input = '' + rv;\n          }\n          // else: keep `this._input` as is.  \n        } else {\n          this._input = rv;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * consumes and returns one char from the input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      input: function lexer_input() {\n        if (!this._input) {\n          //this.done = true;    -- don't set `done` as we want the lex()/next() API to be able to produce one custom EOF token match after this anyhow. (lexer can match special <<EOF>> tokens and perform user action code for a <<EOF>> match, but only does so *once*)\n          return null;\n        }\n        var ch = this._input[0];\n        this.yytext += ch;\n        this.yyleng++;\n        this.offset++;\n        this.match += ch;\n        this.matched += ch;\n\n        // Count the linenumber up when we hit the LF (or a stand-alone CR).\n        // On CRLF, the linenumber is incremented when you fetch the CR or the CRLF combo\n        // and we advance immediately past the LF as well, returning both together as if\n        // it was all a single 'character' only.\n        var slice_len = 1;\n        var lines = false;\n        if (ch === '\\n') {\n          lines = true;\n        } else if (ch === '\\r') {\n          lines = true;\n          var ch2 = this._input[1];\n          if (ch2 === '\\n') {\n            slice_len++;\n            ch += ch2;\n            this.yytext += ch2;\n            this.yyleng++;\n            this.offset++;\n            this.match += ch2;\n            this.matched += ch2;\n            this.yylloc.range[1]++;\n          }\n        }\n        if (lines) {\n          this.yylineno++;\n          this.yylloc.last_line++;\n          this.yylloc.last_column = 0;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column++;\n        }\n        this.yylloc.range[1]++;\n        this._input = this._input.slice(slice_len);\n        return ch;\n      },\n      /**\n       * unshifts one char (or an entire string) into the input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      unput: function lexer_unput(ch) {\n        var len = ch.length;\n        var lines = ch.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n        this._input = ch + this._input;\n        this.yytext = this.yytext.substr(0, this.yytext.length - len);\n        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;\n        this.offset -= len;\n        this.match = this.match.substr(0, this.match.length - len);\n        this.matched = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - len);\n        if (lines.length > 1) {\n          this.yylineno -= lines.length - 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_line = this.yylineno + 1;\n\n          // Get last entirely matched line into the `pre_lines[]` array's\n          // last index slot; we don't mind when other previously \n          // matched lines end up in the array too. \n          var pre = this.match;\n          var pre_lines = pre.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n          if (pre_lines.length === 1) {\n            pre = this.matched;\n            pre_lines = pre.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n          }\n          this.yylloc.last_column = pre_lines[pre_lines.length - 1].length;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column -= len;\n        }\n        this.yylloc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[0] + this.yyleng;\n        this.done = false;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * cache matched text and append it on next action\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      more: function lexer_more() {\n        this._more = true;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * signal the lexer that this rule fails to match the input, so the\n       * next matching rule (regex) should be tested instead.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      reject: function lexer_reject() {\n        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n          this._backtrack = true;\n        } else {\n          // when the `parseError()` call returns, we MUST ensure that the error is registered.\n          // We accomplish this by signaling an 'error' token to be produced for the current\n          // `.lex()` run.\n          var lineno_msg = '';\n          if (this.yylloc) {\n            lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n          }\n          var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).', false);\n          this._signaled_error_token = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * retain first n characters of the match\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      less: function lexer_less(n) {\n        return this.unput(this.match.slice(n));\n      },\n      /**\n       * return (part of the) already matched input, i.e. for error\n       * messages.\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of\n       * input (default: 1).\n       * \n       * Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      pastInput: function lexer_pastInput(maxSize, maxLines) {\n        var past = this.matched.substring(0, this.matched.length - this.match.length);\n        if (maxSize < 0) maxSize = past.length;else if (!maxSize) maxSize = 20;\n        if (maxLines < 0) maxLines = past.length; // can't ever have more input lines than this! \n        else if (!maxLines) maxLines = 1;\n\n        // `substr` anticipation: treat \\r\\n as a single character and take a little\n        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize\n        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:\n        past = past.substr(-maxSize * 2 - 2);\n\n        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines\n        // and chop them, then limit them:\n        var a = past.replace(/\\r\\n|\\r/g, '\\n').split('\\n');\n        a = a.slice(-maxLines);\n        past = a.join('\\n');\n\n        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return,\n        // do add an ellipsis prefix...\n        if (past.length > maxSize) {\n          past = '...' + past.substr(-maxSize);\n        }\n        return past;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return (part of the) upcoming input, i.e. for error messages.\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of input (default: 1).\n       * \n       * Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.\n       *\n       * > ### NOTE ###\n       * >\n       * > *\"upcoming input\"* is defined as the whole of the both\n       * > the *currently lexed* input, together with any remaining input\n       * > following that. *\"currently lexed\"* input is the input \n       * > already recognized by the lexer but not yet returned with\n       * > the lexer token. This happens when you are invoking this API\n       * > from inside any lexer rule action code block. \n       * >\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      upcomingInput: function lexer_upcomingInput(maxSize, maxLines) {\n        var next = this.match;\n        if (maxSize < 0) maxSize = next.length + this._input.length;else if (!maxSize) maxSize = 20;\n        if (maxLines < 0) maxLines = maxSize; // can't ever have more input lines than this! \n        else if (!maxLines) maxLines = 1;\n\n        // `substring` anticipation: treat \\r\\n as a single character and take a little\n        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize\n        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:\n        if (next.length < maxSize * 2 + 2) {\n          next += this._input.substring(0, maxSize * 2 + 2); // substring is faster on Chrome/V8 \n        }\n\n        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines\n        // and chop them, then limit them:\n        var a = next.replace(/\\r\\n|\\r/g, '\\n').split('\\n');\n        a = a.slice(0, maxLines);\n        next = a.join('\\n');\n\n        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return,\n        // do add an ellipsis postfix...\n        if (next.length > maxSize) {\n          next = next.substring(0, maxSize) + '...';\n        }\n        return next;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return a string which displays the character position where the\n       * lexing error occurred, i.e. for error messages\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      showPosition: function lexer_showPosition(maxPrefix, maxPostfix) {\n        var pre = this.pastInput(maxPrefix).replace(/\\s/g, ' ');\n        var c = new Array(pre.length + 1).join('-');\n        return pre + this.upcomingInput(maxPostfix).replace(/\\s/g, ' ') + '\\n' + c + '^';\n      },\n      /**\n       * return an YYLLOC info object derived off the given context (actual, preceding, following, current).\n       * Use this method when the given `actual` location is not guaranteed to exist (i.e. when\n       * it MAY be NULL) and you MUST have a valid location info object anyway:\n       * then we take the given context of the `preceding` and `following` locations, IFF those are available,\n       * and reconstruct the `actual` location info from those.\n       * If this fails, the heuristic is to take the `current` location, IFF available.\n       * If this fails as well, we assume the sought location is at/around the current lexer position\n       * and then produce that one as a response. DO NOTE that these heuristic/derived location info\n       * values MAY be inaccurate!\n       *\n       * NOTE: `deriveLocationInfo()` ALWAYS produces a location info object *copy* of `actual`, not just\n       * a *reference* hence all input location objects can be assumed to be 'constant' (function has no side-effects).\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      deriveLocationInfo: function lexer_deriveYYLLOC(actual, preceding, following, current) {\n        var loc = {\n          first_line: 1,\n          first_column: 0,\n          last_line: 1,\n          last_column: 0,\n          range: [0, 0]\n        };\n        if (actual) {\n          loc.first_line = actual.first_line | 0;\n          loc.last_line = actual.last_line | 0;\n          loc.first_column = actual.first_column | 0;\n          loc.last_column = actual.last_column | 0;\n          if (actual.range) {\n            loc.range[0] = actual.range[0] | 0;\n            loc.range[1] = actual.range[1] | 0;\n          }\n        }\n        if (loc.first_line <= 0 || loc.last_line < loc.first_line) {\n          // plan B: heuristic using preceding and following:\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0 && preceding) {\n            loc.first_line = preceding.last_line | 0;\n            loc.first_column = preceding.last_column | 0;\n            if (preceding.range) {\n              loc.range[0] = actual.range[1] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n          if ((loc.last_line <= 0 || loc.last_line < loc.first_line) && following) {\n            loc.last_line = following.first_line | 0;\n            loc.last_column = following.first_column | 0;\n            if (following.range) {\n              loc.range[1] = actual.range[0] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n\n          // plan C?: see if the 'current' location is useful/sane too:\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0 && current && (loc.last_line <= 0 || current.last_line <= loc.last_line)) {\n            loc.first_line = current.first_line | 0;\n            loc.first_column = current.first_column | 0;\n            if (current.range) {\n              loc.range[0] = current.range[0] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n          if (loc.last_line <= 0 && current && (loc.first_line <= 0 || current.first_line >= loc.first_line)) {\n            loc.last_line = current.last_line | 0;\n            loc.last_column = current.last_column | 0;\n            if (current.range) {\n              loc.range[1] = current.range[1] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        // sanitize: fix last_line BEFORE we fix first_line as we use the 'raw' value of the latter\n        // or plan D heuristics to produce a 'sensible' last_line value:\n        if (loc.last_line <= 0) {\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0) {\n            loc.first_line = this.yylloc.first_line;\n            loc.last_line = this.yylloc.last_line;\n            loc.first_column = this.yylloc.first_column;\n            loc.last_column = this.yylloc.last_column;\n            loc.range[0] = this.yylloc.range[0];\n            loc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[1];\n          } else {\n            loc.last_line = this.yylloc.last_line;\n            loc.last_column = this.yylloc.last_column;\n            loc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[1];\n          }\n        }\n        if (loc.first_line <= 0) {\n          loc.first_line = loc.last_line;\n          loc.first_column = 0; // loc.last_column; \n          loc.range[1] = loc.range[0];\n        }\n        if (loc.first_column < 0) {\n          loc.first_column = 0;\n        }\n        if (loc.last_column < 0) {\n          loc.last_column = loc.first_column > 0 ? loc.first_column : 80;\n        }\n        return loc;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return a string which displays the lines & columns of input which are referenced \n       * by the given location info range, plus a few lines of context.\n       * \n       * This function pretty-prints the indicated section of the input, with line numbers \n       * and everything!\n       * \n       * This function is very useful to provide highly readable error reports, while\n       * the location range may be specified in various flexible ways:\n       * \n       * - `loc` is the location info object which references the area which should be\n       *   displayed and 'marked up': these lines & columns of text are marked up by `^`\n       *   characters below each character in the entire input range.\n       * \n       * - `context_loc` is the *optional* location info object which instructs this\n       *   pretty-printer how much *leading* context should be displayed alongside\n       *   the area referenced by `loc`. This can help provide context for the displayed\n       *   error, etc.\n       * \n       *   When this location info is not provided, a default context of 3 lines is\n       *   used.\n       * \n       * - `context_loc2` is another *optional* location info object, which serves\n       *   a similar purpose to `context_loc`: it specifies the amount of *trailing*\n       *   context lines to display in the pretty-print output.\n       * \n       *   When this location info is not provided, a default context of 1 line only is\n       *   used.\n       * \n       * Special Notes:\n       * \n       * - when the `loc`-indicated range is very large (about 5 lines or more), then\n       *   only the first and last few lines of this block are printed while a\n       *   `...continued...` message will be printed between them.\n       * \n       *   This serves the purpose of not printing a huge amount of text when the `loc`\n       *   range happens to be huge: this way a manageable & readable output results\n       *   for arbitrary large ranges.\n       * \n       * - this function can display lines of input which whave not yet been lexed.\n       *   `prettyPrintRange()` can access the entire input!\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      prettyPrintRange: function lexer_prettyPrintRange(loc, context_loc, context_loc2) {\n        loc = this.deriveLocationInfo(loc, context_loc, context_loc2);\n        var CONTEXT = 3;\n        var CONTEXT_TAIL = 1;\n        var MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT = 2;\n        var input = this.matched + this._input;\n        var lines = input.split('\\n');\n        var l0 = Math.max(1, context_loc ? context_loc.first_line : loc.first_line - CONTEXT);\n        var l1 = Math.max(1, context_loc2 ? context_loc2.last_line : loc.last_line + CONTEXT_TAIL);\n        var lineno_display_width = 1 + Math.log10(l1 | 1) | 0;\n        var ws_prefix = new Array(lineno_display_width).join(' ');\n        var nonempty_line_indexes = [];\n        var rv = lines.slice(l0 - 1, l1 + 1).map(function injectLineNumber(line, index) {\n          var lno = index + l0;\n          var lno_pfx = (ws_prefix + lno).substr(-lineno_display_width);\n          var rv = lno_pfx + ': ' + line;\n          var errpfx = new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join('^');\n          var offset = 2 + 1;\n          var len = 0;\n          if (lno === loc.first_line) {\n            offset += loc.first_column;\n            len = Math.max(2, (lno === loc.last_line ? loc.last_column : line.length) - loc.first_column + 1);\n          } else if (lno === loc.last_line) {\n            len = Math.max(2, loc.last_column + 1);\n          } else if (lno > loc.first_line && lno < loc.last_line) {\n            len = Math.max(2, line.length + 1);\n          }\n          if (len) {\n            var lead = new Array(offset).join('.');\n            var mark = new Array(len).join('^');\n            rv += '\\n' + errpfx + lead + mark;\n            if (line.trim().length > 0) {\n              nonempty_line_indexes.push(index);\n            }\n          }\n          rv = rv.replace(/\\t/g, ' ');\n          return rv;\n        });\n\n        // now make sure we don't print an overly large amount of error area: limit it \n        // to the top and bottom line count:\n        if (nonempty_line_indexes.length > 2 * MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT) {\n          var clip_start = nonempty_line_indexes[MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT - 1] + 1;\n          var clip_end = nonempty_line_indexes[nonempty_line_indexes.length - MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT] - 1;\n          var intermediate_line = new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join(' ') + '  (...continued...)';\n          intermediate_line += '\\n' + new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join('-') + '  (---------------)';\n          rv.splice(clip_start, clip_end - clip_start + 1, intermediate_line);\n        }\n        return rv.join('\\n');\n      },\n      /**\n       * helper function, used to produce a human readable description as a string, given\n       * the input `yylloc` location object.\n       * \n       * Set `display_range_too` to TRUE to include the string character index position(s)\n       * in the description if the `yylloc.range` is available.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      describeYYLLOC: function lexer_describe_yylloc(yylloc, display_range_too) {\n        var l1 = yylloc.first_line;\n        var l2 = yylloc.last_line;\n        var c1 = yylloc.first_column;\n        var c2 = yylloc.last_column;\n        var dl = l2 - l1;\n        var dc = c2 - c1;\n        var rv;\n        if (dl === 0) {\n          rv = 'line ' + l1 + ', ';\n          if (dc <= 1) {\n            rv += 'column ' + c1;\n          } else {\n            rv += 'columns ' + c1 + ' .. ' + c2;\n          }\n        } else {\n          rv = 'lines ' + l1 + '(column ' + c1 + ') .. ' + l2 + '(column ' + c2 + ')';\n        }\n        if (yylloc.range && display_range_too) {\n          var r1 = yylloc.range[0];\n          var r2 = yylloc.range[1] - 1;\n          if (r2 <= r1) {\n            rv += ' {String Offset: ' + r1 + '}';\n          } else {\n            rv += ' {String Offset range: ' + r1 + ' .. ' + r2 + '}';\n          }\n        }\n        return rv;\n      },\n      /**\n       * test the lexed token: return FALSE when not a match, otherwise return token.\n       * \n       * `match` is supposed to be an array coming out of a regex match, i.e. `match[0]`\n       * contains the actually matched text string.\n       * \n       * Also move the input cursor forward and update the match collectors:\n       * \n       * - `yytext`\n       * - `yyleng`\n       * - `match`\n       * - `matches`\n       * - `yylloc`\n       * - `offset`\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      test_match: function lexer_test_match(match, indexed_rule) {\n        var token, lines, backup, match_str, match_str_len;\n        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n          // save context\n          backup = {\n            yylineno: this.yylineno,\n            yylloc: {\n              first_line: this.yylloc.first_line,\n              last_line: this.yylloc.last_line,\n              first_column: this.yylloc.first_column,\n              last_column: this.yylloc.last_column,\n              range: this.yylloc.range.slice(0)\n            },\n            yytext: this.yytext,\n            match: this.match,\n            matches: this.matches,\n            matched: this.matched,\n            yyleng: this.yyleng,\n            offset: this.offset,\n            _more: this._more,\n            _input: this._input,\n            //_signaled_error_token: this._signaled_error_token,\n            yy: this.yy,\n            conditionStack: this.conditionStack.slice(0),\n            done: this.done\n          };\n        }\n        match_str = match[0];\n        match_str_len = match_str.length;\n\n        // if (match_str.indexOf('\\n') !== -1 || match_str.indexOf('\\r') !== -1) {\n        lines = match_str.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n        if (lines.length > 1) {\n          this.yylineno += lines.length - 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_line = this.yylineno + 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_column = lines[lines.length - 1].length;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column += match_str_len;\n        }\n\n        // }\n        this.yytext += match_str;\n        this.match += match_str;\n        this.matched += match_str;\n        this.matches = match;\n        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;\n        this.yylloc.range[1] += match_str_len;\n\n        // previous lex rules MAY have invoked the `more()` API rather than producing a token:\n        // those rules will already have moved this `offset` forward matching their match lengths,\n        // hence we must only add our own match length now:\n        this.offset += match_str_len;\n        this._more = false;\n        this._backtrack = false;\n        this._input = this._input.slice(match_str_len);\n\n        // calling this method:\n        //\n        //   function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START) {...}\n        token = this.performAction.call(this, this.yy, indexed_rule, this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1] /* = YY_START */);\n\n        // otherwise, when the action codes are all simple return token statements:\n        //token = this.simpleCaseActionClusters[indexed_rule];\n\n        if (this.done && this._input) {\n          this.done = false;\n        }\n        if (token) {\n          return token;\n        } else if (this._backtrack) {\n          // recover context\n          for (var k in backup) {\n            this[k] = backup[k];\n          }\n          this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n          return false; // rule action called reject() implying the next rule should be tested instead. \n        } else if (this._signaled_error_token) {\n          // produce one 'error' token as `.parseError()` in `reject()`\n          // did not guarantee a failure signal by throwing an exception!\n          token = this._signaled_error_token;\n          this._signaled_error_token = false;\n          return token;\n        }\n        return false;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match in input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      next: function lexer_next() {\n        if (this.done) {\n          this.clear();\n          return this.EOF;\n        }\n        if (!this._input) {\n          this.done = true;\n        }\n        var token, match, tempMatch, index;\n        if (!this._more) {\n          this.clear();\n        }\n        var spec = this.__currentRuleSet__;\n        if (!spec) {\n          // Update the ruleset cache as we apparently encountered a state change or just started lexing.\n          // The cache is set up for fast lookup -- we assume a lexer will switch states much less often than it will\n          // invoke the `lex()` token-producing API and related APIs, hence caching the set for direct access helps\n          // speed up those activities a tiny bit.\n          spec = this.__currentRuleSet__ = this._currentRules();\n\n          // Check whether a *sane* condition has been pushed before: this makes the lexer robust against\n          // user-programmer bugs such as https://github.com/zaach/jison-lex/issues/19\n          if (!spec || !spec.rules) {\n            var lineno_msg = '';\n            if (this.options.trackPosition) {\n              lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n            }\n            var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Internal lexer engine error' + lineno_msg + ': The lex grammar programmer pushed a non-existing condition name \"' + this.topState() + '\"; this is a fatal error and should be reported to the application programmer team!', false);\n\n            // produce one 'error' token until this situation has been resolved, most probably by parse termination!\n            return this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n          }\n        }\n        var rule_ids = spec.rules;\n        var regexes = spec.__rule_regexes;\n        var len = spec.__rule_count;\n\n        // Note: the arrays are 1-based, while `len` itself is a valid index,\n        // hence the non-standard less-or-equal check in the next loop condition!\n        for (var i = 1; i <= len; i++) {\n          tempMatch = this._input.match(regexes[i]);\n          if (tempMatch && (!match || tempMatch[0].length > match[0].length)) {\n            match = tempMatch;\n            index = i;\n            if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n              token = this.test_match(tempMatch, rule_ids[i]);\n              if (token !== false) {\n                return token;\n              } else if (this._backtrack) {\n                match = undefined;\n                continue; // rule action called reject() implying a rule MISmatch. \n              } else {\n                // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)\n                return false;\n              }\n            } else if (!this.options.flex) {\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        if (match) {\n          token = this.test_match(match, rule_ids[index]);\n          if (token !== false) {\n            return token;\n          }\n\n          // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)\n          return false;\n        }\n        if (!this._input) {\n          this.done = true;\n          this.clear();\n          return this.EOF;\n        } else {\n          var lineno_msg = '';\n          if (this.options.trackPosition) {\n            lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n          }\n          var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': Unrecognized text.', this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable);\n          var pendingInput = this._input;\n          var activeCondition = this.topState();\n          var conditionStackDepth = this.conditionStack.length;\n          token = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n          if (token === this.ERROR) {\n            // we can try to recover from a lexer error that `parseError()` did not 'recover' for us\n            // by moving forward at least one character at a time IFF the (user-specified?) `parseError()`\n            // has not consumed/modified any pending input or changed state in the error handler:\n            if (!this.matches &&\n            // and make sure the input has been modified/consumed ...\n            pendingInput === this._input &&\n            // ...or the lexer state has been modified significantly enough\n            // to merit a non-consuming error handling action right now.\n            activeCondition === this.topState() && conditionStackDepth === this.conditionStack.length) {\n              this.input();\n            }\n          }\n          return token;\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match that has a token\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      lex: function lexer_lex() {\n        var r;\n\n        // allow the PRE/POST handlers set/modify the return token for maximum flexibility of the generated lexer:\n        if (typeof this.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          r = this.pre_lex.call(this, 0);\n        }\n        if (typeof this.options.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.options.pre_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (this.yy && typeof this.yy.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.yy.pre_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        while (!r) {\n          r = this.next();\n        }\n        if (this.yy && typeof this.yy.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.yy.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (typeof this.options.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.options.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (typeof this.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        return r;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match that has a token. Identical to the `lex()` API but does not invoke any of the \n       * `pre_lex()` nor any of the `post_lex()` callbacks.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      fastLex: function lexer_fastLex() {\n        var r;\n        while (!r) {\n          r = this.next();\n        }\n        return r;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return info about the lexer state that can help a parser or other lexer API user to use the\n       * most efficient means available. This API is provided to aid run-time performance for larger\n       * systems which employ this lexer.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      canIUse: function lexer_canIUse() {\n        var rv = {\n          fastLex: !(typeof this.pre_lex === 'function' || typeof this.options.pre_lex === 'function' || this.yy && typeof this.yy.pre_lex === 'function' || this.yy && typeof this.yy.post_lex === 'function' || typeof this.options.post_lex === 'function' || typeof this.post_lex === 'function') && typeof this.fastLex === 'function'\n        };\n        return rv;\n      },\n      /**\n       * backwards compatible alias for `pushState()`;\n       * the latter is symmetrical with `popState()` and we advise to use\n       * those APIs in any modern lexer code, rather than `begin()`.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      begin: function lexer_begin(condition) {\n        return this.pushState(condition);\n      },\n      /**\n       * activates a new lexer condition state (pushes the new lexer\n       * condition state onto the condition stack)\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      pushState: function lexer_pushState(condition) {\n        this.conditionStack.push(condition);\n        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * pop the previously active lexer condition state off the condition\n       * stack\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      popState: function lexer_popState() {\n        var n = this.conditionStack.length - 1;\n        if (n > 0) {\n          this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n          return this.conditionStack.pop();\n        } else {\n          return this.conditionStack[0];\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return the currently active lexer condition state; when an index\n       * argument is provided it produces the N-th previous condition state,\n       * if available\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      topState: function lexer_topState(n) {\n        n = this.conditionStack.length - 1 - Math.abs(n || 0);\n        if (n >= 0) {\n          return this.conditionStack[n];\n        } else {\n          return 'INITIAL';\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * (internal) determine the lexer rule set which is active for the\n       * currently active lexer condition state\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      _currentRules: function lexer__currentRules() {\n        if (this.conditionStack.length && this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]) {\n          return this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]];\n        } else {\n          return this.conditions['INITIAL'];\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return the number of states currently on the stack\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      stateStackSize: function lexer_stateStackSize() {\n        return this.conditionStack.length;\n      },\n      options: {\n        trackPosition: true\n      },\n      JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,\n      performAction: function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START) {\n        var yy_ = this;\n        var YYSTATE = YY_START;\n        switch (yyrulenumber) {\n          case 1:\n            /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n            /*! Rule::       \\s+ */\n            /* skip whitespace */\n            break;\n          default:\n            return this.simpleCaseActionClusters[yyrulenumber];\n        }\n      },\n      simpleCaseActionClusters: {\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (--[0-9a-z-A-Z-]*) */\n        0: 13,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\* */\n        2: 5,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\/ */\n        3: 6,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\+ */\n        4: 3,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       - */\n        5: 4,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)px\\b */\n        6: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)cm\\b */\n        7: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)mm\\b */\n        8: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)in\\b */\n        9: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)pt\\b */\n        10: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)pc\\b */\n        11: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)deg\\b */\n        12: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)grad\\b */\n        13: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)rad\\b */\n        14: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)turn\\b */\n        15: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)s\\b */\n        16: 17,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ms\\b */\n        17: 17,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)Hz\\b */\n        18: 18,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)kHz\\b */\n        19: 18,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dpi\\b */\n        20: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dpcm\\b */\n        21: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dppx\\b */\n        22: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)em\\b */\n        23: 20,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ex\\b */\n        24: 21,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ch\\b */\n        25: 22,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)rem\\b */\n        26: 23,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vw\\b */\n        27: 25,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vh\\b */\n        28: 24,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vmin\\b */\n        29: 26,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vmax\\b */\n        30: 27,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)% */\n        31: 28,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)\\b */\n        32: 11,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (calc) */\n        33: 9,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (var) */\n        34: 12,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([a-z]+) */\n        35: 10,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\( */\n        36: 7,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\) */\n        37: 8,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       , */\n        38: 14,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       $ */\n        39: 1\n      },\n      rules: [/*  0: */ /^(?:(--[\\d\\-A-Za-z]*))/, /*  1: */ /^(?:\\s+)/, /*  2: */ /^(?:\\*)/, /*  3: */ /^(?:\\/)/, /*  4: */ /^(?:\\+)/, /*  5: */ /^(?:-)/, /*  6: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)px\\b)/, /*  7: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)cm\\b)/, /*  8: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)mm\\b)/, /*  9: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)in\\b)/, /* 10: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)pt\\b)/, /* 11: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)pc\\b)/, /* 12: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)deg\\b)/, /* 13: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)grad\\b)/, /* 14: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)rad\\b)/, /* 15: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)turn\\b)/, /* 16: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)s\\b)/, /* 17: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ms\\b)/, /* 18: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)Hz\\b)/, /* 19: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)kHz\\b)/, /* 20: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dpi\\b)/, /* 21: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dpcm\\b)/, /* 22: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dppx\\b)/, /* 23: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)em\\b)/, /* 24: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ex\\b)/, /* 25: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ch\\b)/, /* 26: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)rem\\b)/, /* 27: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vw\\b)/, /* 28: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vh\\b)/, /* 29: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vmin\\b)/, /* 30: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vmax\\b)/, /* 31: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)%)/, /* 32: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)\\b)/, /* 33: */ /^(?:(calc))/, /* 34: */ /^(?:(var))/, /* 35: */ /^(?:([a-z]+))/, /* 36: */ /^(?:\\()/, /* 37: */ /^(?:\\))/, /* 38: */ /^(?:,)/, /* 39: */ /^(?:$)/],\n      conditions: {\n        'INITIAL': {\n          rules: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39],\n          inclusive: true\n        }\n      }\n    };\n    return lexer;\n  }();\n  parser.lexer = lexer;\n  function Parser() {\n    this.yy = {};\n  }\n  Parser.prototype = parser;\n  parser.Parser = Parser;\n  return new Parser();\n}();\nif (typeof require !== 'undefined' && typeof exports !== 'undefined') {\n  exports.parser = parser;\n  exports.Parser = parser.Parser;\n  exports.parse = function () {\n    return parser.parse.apply(parser, arguments);\n  };\n}","var parse = require(\"./parse\");\nvar walk = require(\"./walk\");\nvar stringify = require(\"./stringify\");\nfunction ValueParser(value) {\n  if (this instanceof ValueParser) {\n    this.nodes = parse(value);\n    return this;\n  }\n  return new ValueParser(value);\n}\nValueParser.prototype.toString = function () {\n  return Array.isArray(this.nodes) ? stringify(this.nodes) : \"\";\n};\nValueParser.prototype.walk = function (cb, bubble) {\n  walk(this.nodes, cb, bubble);\n  return this;\n};\nValueParser.unit = require(\"./unit\");\nValueParser.walk = walk;\nValueParser.stringify = stringify;\nmodule.exports = ValueParser;","var openParentheses = \"(\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar closeParentheses = \")\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar singleQuote = \"'\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar doubleQuote = '\"'.charCodeAt(0);\nvar backslash = \"\\\\\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar slash = \"/\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar comma = \",\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar colon = \":\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar star = \"*\".charCodeAt(0);\nmodule.exports = function (input) {\n  var tokens = [];\n  var value = input;\n  var next, quote, prev, token, escape, escapePos, whitespacePos;\n  var pos = 0;\n  var code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n  var max = value.length;\n  var stack = [{\n    nodes: tokens\n  }];\n  var balanced = 0;\n  var parent;\n  var name = \"\";\n  var before = \"\";\n  var after = \"\";\n  while (pos < max) {\n    // Whitespaces\n    if (code <= 32) {\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (code <= 32);\n      token = value.slice(pos, next);\n      prev = tokens[tokens.length - 1];\n      if (code === closeParentheses && balanced) {\n        after = token;\n      } else if (prev && prev.type === \"div\") {\n        prev.after = token;\n      } else if (code === comma || code === colon || code === slash && value.charCodeAt(next + 1) !== star) {\n        before = token;\n      } else {\n        tokens.push({\n          type: \"space\",\n          sourceIndex: pos,\n          value: token\n        });\n      }\n      pos = next;\n\n      // Quotes\n    } else if (code === singleQuote || code === doubleQuote) {\n      next = pos;\n      quote = code === singleQuote ? \"'\" : '\"';\n      token = {\n        type: \"string\",\n        sourceIndex: pos,\n        quote: quote\n      };\n      do {\n        escape = false;\n        next = value.indexOf(quote, next + 1);\n        if (~next) {\n          escapePos = next;\n          while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {\n            escapePos -= 1;\n            escape = !escape;\n          }\n        } else {\n          value += quote;\n          next = value.length - 1;\n          token.unclosed = true;\n        }\n      } while (escape);\n      token.value = value.slice(pos + 1, next);\n      tokens.push(token);\n      pos = next + 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Comments\n    } else if (code === slash && value.charCodeAt(pos + 1) === star) {\n      token = {\n        type: \"comment\",\n        sourceIndex: pos\n      };\n      next = value.indexOf(\"*/\", pos);\n      if (next === -1) {\n        token.unclosed = true;\n        next = value.length;\n      }\n      token.value = value.slice(pos + 2, next);\n      tokens.push(token);\n      pos = next + 2;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Dividers\n    } else if (code === slash || code === comma || code === colon) {\n      token = value[pos];\n      tokens.push({\n        type: \"div\",\n        sourceIndex: pos - before.length,\n        value: token,\n        before: before,\n        after: \"\"\n      });\n      before = \"\";\n      pos += 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Open parentheses\n    } else if (openParentheses === code) {\n      // Whitespaces after open parentheses\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (code <= 32);\n      token = {\n        type: \"function\",\n        sourceIndex: pos - name.length,\n        value: name,\n        before: value.slice(pos + 1, next)\n      };\n      pos = next;\n      if (name === \"url\" && code !== singleQuote && code !== doubleQuote) {\n        next -= 1;\n        do {\n          escape = false;\n          next = value.indexOf(\")\", next + 1);\n          if (~next) {\n            escapePos = next;\n            while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {\n              escapePos -= 1;\n              escape = !escape;\n            }\n          } else {\n            value += \")\";\n            next = value.length - 1;\n            token.unclosed = true;\n          }\n        } while (escape);\n        // Whitespaces before closed\n        whitespacePos = next;\n        do {\n          whitespacePos -= 1;\n          code = value.charCodeAt(whitespacePos);\n        } while (code <= 32);\n        if (pos !== whitespacePos + 1) {\n          token.nodes = [{\n            type: \"word\",\n            sourceIndex: pos,\n            value: value.slice(pos, whitespacePos + 1)\n          }];\n        } else {\n          token.nodes = [];\n        }\n        if (token.unclosed && whitespacePos + 1 !== next) {\n          token.after = \"\";\n          token.nodes.push({\n            type: \"space\",\n            sourceIndex: whitespacePos + 1,\n            value: value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next)\n          });\n        } else {\n          token.after = value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next);\n        }\n        pos = next + 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n        tokens.push(token);\n      } else {\n        balanced += 1;\n        token.after = \"\";\n        tokens.push(token);\n        stack.push(token);\n        tokens = token.nodes = [];\n        parent = token;\n      }\n      name = \"\";\n\n      // Close parentheses\n    } else if (closeParentheses === code && balanced) {\n      pos += 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n      parent.after = after;\n      after = \"\";\n      balanced -= 1;\n      stack.pop();\n      parent = stack[balanced];\n      tokens = parent.nodes;\n\n      // Words\n    } else {\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        if (code === backslash) {\n          next += 1;\n        }\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (next < max && !(code <= 32 || code === singleQuote || code === doubleQuote || code === comma || code === colon || code === slash || code === openParentheses || code === closeParentheses && balanced));\n      token = value.slice(pos, next);\n      if (openParentheses === code) {\n        name = token;\n      } else {\n        tokens.push({\n          type: \"word\",\n          sourceIndex: pos,\n          value: token\n        });\n      }\n      pos = next;\n    }\n  }\n  for (pos = stack.length - 1; pos; pos -= 1) {\n    stack[pos].unclosed = true;\n  }\n  return stack[0].nodes;\n};","function stringifyNode(node, custom) {\n  var type = node.type;\n  var value = node.value;\n  var buf;\n  var customResult;\n  if (custom && (customResult = custom(node)) !== undefined) {\n    return customResult;\n  } else if (type === \"word\" || type === \"space\") {\n    return value;\n  } else if (type === \"string\") {\n    buf = node.quote || \"\";\n    return buf + value + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : buf);\n  } else if (type === \"comment\") {\n    return \"/*\" + value + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : \"*/\");\n  } else if (type === \"div\") {\n    return (node.before || \"\") + value + (node.after || \"\");\n  } else if (Array.isArray(node.nodes)) {\n    buf = stringify(node.nodes);\n    if (type !== \"function\") {\n      return buf;\n    }\n    return value + \"(\" + (node.before || \"\") + buf + (node.after || \"\") + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : \")\");\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction stringify(nodes, custom) {\n  var result, i;\n  if (Array.isArray(nodes)) {\n    result = \"\";\n    for (i = nodes.length - 1; ~i; i -= 1) {\n      result = stringifyNode(nodes[i], custom) + result;\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  return stringifyNode(nodes, custom);\n}\nmodule.exports = stringify;","var minus = \"-\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar plus = \"+\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar dot = \".\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar exp = \"e\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar EXP = \"E\".charCodeAt(0);\nmodule.exports = function (value) {\n  var pos = 0;\n  var length = value.length;\n  var dotted = false;\n  var sciPos = -1;\n  var containsNumber = false;\n  var code;\n  while (pos < length) {\n    code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n    if (code >= 48 && code <= 57) {\n      containsNumber = true;\n    } else if (code === exp || code === EXP) {\n      if (sciPos > -1) {\n        break;\n      }\n      sciPos = pos;\n    } else if (code === dot) {\n      if (dotted) {\n        break;\n      }\n      dotted = true;\n    } else if (code === plus || code === minus) {\n      if (pos !== 0) {\n        break;\n      }\n    } else {\n      break;\n    }\n    pos += 1;\n  }\n  if (sciPos + 1 === pos) pos--;\n  return containsNumber ? {\n    number: value.slice(0, pos),\n    unit: value.slice(pos)\n  } : false;\n};","module.exports = function walk(nodes, cb, bubble) {\n  var i, max, node, result;\n  for (i = 0, max = nodes.length; i < max; i += 1) {\n    node = nodes[i];\n    if (!bubble) {\n      result = cb(node, i, nodes);\n    }\n    if (result !== false && node.type === \"function\" && Array.isArray(node.nodes)) {\n      walk(node.nodes, cb, bubble);\n    }\n    if (bubble) {\n      cb(node, i, nodes);\n    }\n  }\n};","//\n\nmodule.exports = function shallowEqual(objA, objB, compare, compareContext) {\n  var ret = compare ? compare.call(compareContext, objA, objB) : void 0;\n  if (ret !== void 0) {\n    return !!ret;\n  }\n  if (objA === objB) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (typeof objA !== \"object\" || !objA || typeof objB !== \"object\" || !objB) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var keysA = Object.keys(objA);\n  var keysB = Object.keys(objB);\n  if (keysA.length !== keysB.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var bHasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.bind(objB);\n\n  // Test for A's keys different from B.\n  for (var idx = 0; idx < keysA.length; idx++) {\n    var key = keysA[idx];\n    if (!bHasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var valueA = objA[key];\n    var valueB = objB[key];\n    ret = compare ? compare.call(compareContext, valueA, valueB, key) : void 0;\n    if (ret === false || ret === void 0 && valueA !== valueB) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};","var engine = require('../src/store-engine');\nvar storages = require('../storages/all');\nvar plugins = [require('../plugins/json2')];\nmodule.exports = engine.createStore(storages, plugins);","module.exports = json2Plugin;\nfunction json2Plugin() {\n  require('./lib/json2');\n  return {};\n}","/* eslint-disable */\n\n//  json2.js\n//  2016-10-28\n//  Public Domain.\n//  NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.\n//  See http://www.JSON.org/js.html\n//  This code should be minified before deployment.\n//  See http://javascript.crockford.com/jsmin.html\n\n//  USE YOUR OWN COPY. IT IS EXTREMELY UNWISE TO LOAD CODE FROM SERVERS YOU DO\n//  NOT CONTROL.\n\n//  This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify\n//  and parse. This file provides the ES5 JSON capability to ES3 systems.\n//  If a project might run on IE8 or earlier, then this file should be included.\n//  This file does nothing on ES5 systems.\n\n//      JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space)\n//          value       any JavaScript value, usually an object or array.\n//          replacer    an optional parameter that determines how object\n//                      values are stringified for objects. It can be a\n//                      function or an array of strings.\n//          space       an optional parameter that specifies the indentation\n//                      of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will\n//                      be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number,\n//                      it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each\n//                      level. If it is a string (such as \"\\t\" or \"&nbsp;\"),\n//                      it contains the characters used to indent at each level.\n//          This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value.\n//          When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON\n//          method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be\n//          stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the\n//          value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized,\n//          or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method\n//          will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be\n//          bound to the value.\n\n//          For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings.\n\n//              Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) {\n//                  function f(n) {\n//                      // Format integers to have at least two digits.\n//                      return (n < 10)\n//                          ? \"0\" + n\n//                          : n;\n//                  }\n//                  return this.getUTCFullYear()   + \"-\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + \"-\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCDate())      + \"T\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCHours())     + \":\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCMinutes())   + \":\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCSeconds())   + \"Z\";\n//              };\n\n//          You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the\n//          key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing\n//          object. The value that is returned from your method will be\n//          serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will\n//          be excluded from the serialization.\n\n//          If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be\n//          used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results\n//          such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are\n//          stringified.\n\n//          Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or\n//          functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be\n//          dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use\n//          a replacer function to replace those with JSON values.\n\n//          JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined.\n\n//          The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the\n//          value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it\n//          easier to read.\n\n//          If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will\n//          be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then\n//          the indentation will be that many spaces.\n\n//          Example:\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([\"e\", {pluribus: \"unum\"}]);\n//          // text is '[\"e\",{\"pluribus\":\"unum\"}]'\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([\"e\", {pluribus: \"unum\"}], null, \"\\t\");\n//          // text is '[\\n\\t\"e\",\\n\\t{\\n\\t\\t\"pluribus\": \"unum\"\\n\\t}\\n]'\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) {\n//              return this[key] instanceof Date\n//                  ? \"Date(\" + this[key] + \")\"\n//                  : value;\n//          });\n//          // text is '[\"Date(---current time---)\"]'\n\n//      JSON.parse(text, reviver)\n//          This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array.\n//          It can throw a SyntaxError exception.\n\n//          The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and\n//          transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values,\n//          and its return value is used instead of the original value.\n//          If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified.\n//          If it returns undefined then the member is deleted.\n\n//          Example:\n\n//          // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will\n//          // be converted to Date objects.\n\n//          myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {\n//              var a;\n//              if (typeof value === \"string\") {\n//                  a =\n//   /^(\\d{4})-(\\d{2})-(\\d{2})T(\\d{2}):(\\d{2}):(\\d{2}(?:\\.\\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value);\n//                  if (a) {\n//                      return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4],\n//                          +a[5], +a[6]));\n//                  }\n//              }\n//              return value;\n//          });\n\n//          myData = JSON.parse('[\"Date(09/09/2001)\"]', function (key, value) {\n//              var d;\n//              if (typeof value === \"string\" &&\n//                      value.slice(0, 5) === \"Date(\" &&\n//                      value.slice(-1) === \")\") {\n//                  d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1));\n//                  if (d) {\n//                      return d;\n//                  }\n//              }\n//              return value;\n//          });\n\n//  This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or\n//  redistribute.\n\n/*jslint\n    eval, for, this\n*/\n\n/*property\n    JSON, apply, call, charCodeAt, getUTCDate, getUTCFullYear, getUTCHours,\n    getUTCMinutes, getUTCMonth, getUTCSeconds, hasOwnProperty, join,\n    lastIndex, length, parse, prototype, push, replace, slice, stringify,\n    test, toJSON, toString, valueOf\n*/\n\n// Create a JSON object only if one does not already exist. We create the\n// methods in a closure to avoid creating global variables.\n\nif (typeof JSON !== \"object\") {\n  JSON = {};\n}\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  var rx_one = /^[\\],:{}\\s]*$/;\n  var rx_two = /\\\\(?:[\"\\\\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;\n  var rx_three = /\"[^\"\\\\\\n\\r]*\"|true|false|null|-?\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?(?:[eE][+\\-]?\\d+)?/g;\n  var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\\s*\\[)+/g;\n  var rx_escapable = /[\\\\\"\\u0000-\\u001f\\u007f-\\u009f\\u00ad\\u0600-\\u0604\\u070f\\u17b4\\u17b5\\u200c-\\u200f\\u2028-\\u202f\\u2060-\\u206f\\ufeff\\ufff0-\\uffff]/g;\n  var rx_dangerous = /[\\u0000\\u00ad\\u0600-\\u0604\\u070f\\u17b4\\u17b5\\u200c-\\u200f\\u2028-\\u202f\\u2060-\\u206f\\ufeff\\ufff0-\\uffff]/g;\n  function f(n) {\n    // Format integers to have at least two digits.\n    return n < 10 ? \"0\" + n : n;\n  }\n  function this_value() {\n    return this.valueOf();\n  }\n  if (typeof Date.prototype.toJSON !== \"function\") {\n    Date.prototype.toJSON = function () {\n      return isFinite(this.valueOf()) ? this.getUTCFullYear() + \"-\" + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + \"-\" + f(this.getUTCDate()) + \"T\" + f(this.getUTCHours()) + \":\" + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + \":\" + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + \"Z\" : null;\n    };\n    Boolean.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n    Number.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n    String.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n  }\n  var gap;\n  var indent;\n  var meta;\n  var rep;\n  function quote(string) {\n    // If the string contains no control characters, no quote characters, and no\n    // backslash characters, then we can safely slap some quotes around it.\n    // Otherwise we must also replace the offending characters with safe escape\n    // sequences.\n\n    rx_escapable.lastIndex = 0;\n    return rx_escapable.test(string) ? \"\\\"\" + string.replace(rx_escapable, function (a) {\n      var c = meta[a];\n      return typeof c === \"string\" ? c : \"\\\\u\" + (\"0000\" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);\n    }) + \"\\\"\" : \"\\\"\" + string + \"\\\"\";\n  }\n  function str(key, holder) {\n    // Produce a string from holder[key].\n\n    var i; // The loop counter.\n    var k; // The member key.\n    var v; // The member value.\n    var length;\n    var mind = gap;\n    var partial;\n    var value = holder[key];\n\n    // If the value has a toJSON method, call it to obtain a replacement value.\n\n    if (value && typeof value === \"object\" && typeof value.toJSON === \"function\") {\n      value = value.toJSON(key);\n    }\n\n    // If we were called with a replacer function, then call the replacer to\n    // obtain a replacement value.\n\n    if (typeof rep === \"function\") {\n      value = rep.call(holder, key, value);\n    }\n\n    // What happens next depends on the value's type.\n\n    switch (typeof value) {\n      case \"string\":\n        return quote(value);\n      case \"number\":\n        // JSON numbers must be finite. Encode non-finite numbers as null.\n\n        return isFinite(value) ? String(value) : \"null\";\n      case \"boolean\":\n      case \"null\":\n        // If the value is a boolean or null, convert it to a string. Note:\n        // typeof null does not produce \"null\". The case is included here in\n        // the remote chance that this gets fixed someday.\n\n        return String(value);\n\n      // If the type is \"object\", we might be dealing with an object or an array or\n      // null.\n\n      case \"object\":\n        // Due to a specification blunder in ECMAScript, typeof null is \"object\",\n        // so watch out for that case.\n\n        if (!value) {\n          return \"null\";\n        }\n\n        // Make an array to hold the partial results of stringifying this object value.\n\n        gap += indent;\n        partial = [];\n\n        // Is the value an array?\n\n        if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === \"[object Array]\") {\n          // The value is an array. Stringify every element. Use null as a placeholder\n          // for non-JSON values.\n\n          length = value.length;\n          for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {\n            partial[i] = str(i, value) || \"null\";\n          }\n\n          // Join all of the elements together, separated with commas, and wrap them in\n          // brackets.\n\n          v = partial.length === 0 ? \"[]\" : gap ? \"[\\n\" + gap + partial.join(\",\\n\" + gap) + \"\\n\" + mind + \"]\" : \"[\" + partial.join(\",\") + \"]\";\n          gap = mind;\n          return v;\n        }\n\n        // If the replacer is an array, use it to select the members to be stringified.\n\n        if (rep && typeof rep === \"object\") {\n          length = rep.length;\n          for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {\n            if (typeof rep[i] === \"string\") {\n              k = rep[i];\n              v = str(k, value);\n              if (v) {\n                partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? \": \" : \":\") + v);\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        } else {\n          // Otherwise, iterate through all of the keys in the object.\n\n          for (k in value) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {\n              v = str(k, value);\n              if (v) {\n                partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? \": \" : \":\") + v);\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        // Join all of the member texts together, separated with commas,\n        // and wrap them in braces.\n\n        v = partial.length === 0 ? \"{}\" : gap ? \"{\\n\" + gap + partial.join(\",\\n\" + gap) + \"\\n\" + mind + \"}\" : \"{\" + partial.join(\",\") + \"}\";\n        gap = mind;\n        return v;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // If the JSON object does not yet have a stringify method, give it one.\n\n  if (typeof JSON.stringify !== \"function\") {\n    meta = {\n      // table of character substitutions\n      \"\\b\": \"\\\\b\",\n      \"\\t\": \"\\\\t\",\n      \"\\n\": \"\\\\n\",\n      \"\\f\": \"\\\\f\",\n      \"\\r\": \"\\\\r\",\n      \"\\\"\": \"\\\\\\\"\",\n      \"\\\\\": \"\\\\\\\\\"\n    };\n    JSON.stringify = function (value, replacer, space) {\n      // The stringify method takes a value and an optional replacer, and an optional\n      // space parameter, and returns a JSON text. The replacer can be a function\n      // that can replace values, or an array of strings that will select the keys.\n      // A default replacer method can be provided. Use of the space parameter can\n      // produce text that is more easily readable.\n\n      var i;\n      gap = \"\";\n      indent = \"\";\n\n      // If the space parameter is a number, make an indent string containing that\n      // many spaces.\n\n      if (typeof space === \"number\") {\n        for (i = 0; i < space; i += 1) {\n          indent += \" \";\n        }\n\n        // If the space parameter is a string, it will be used as the indent string.\n      } else if (typeof space === \"string\") {\n        indent = space;\n      }\n\n      // If there is a replacer, it must be a function or an array.\n      // Otherwise, throw an error.\n\n      rep = replacer;\n      if (replacer && typeof replacer !== \"function\" && (typeof replacer !== \"object\" || typeof replacer.length !== \"number\")) {\n        throw new Error(\"JSON.stringify\");\n      }\n\n      // Make a fake root object containing our value under the key of \"\".\n      // Return the result of stringifying the value.\n\n      return str(\"\", {\n        \"\": value\n      });\n    };\n  }\n\n  // If the JSON object does not yet have a parse method, give it one.\n\n  if (typeof JSON.parse !== \"function\") {\n    JSON.parse = function (text, reviver) {\n      // The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns\n      // a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.\n\n      var j;\n      function walk(holder, key) {\n        // The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so\n        // that modifications can be made.\n\n        var k;\n        var v;\n        var value = holder[key];\n        if (value && typeof value === \"object\") {\n          for (k in value) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {\n              v = walk(value, k);\n              if (v !== undefined) {\n                value[k] = v;\n              } else {\n                delete value[k];\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        return reviver.call(holder, key, value);\n      }\n\n      // Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain\n      // Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters\n      // incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.\n\n      text = String(text);\n      rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;\n      if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {\n        text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function (a) {\n          return \"\\\\u\" + (\"0000\" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);\n        });\n      }\n\n      // In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look\n      // for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with \"()\" and \"new\"\n      // because they can cause invocation, and \"=\" because it can cause mutation.\n      // But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.\n\n      // We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around\n      // crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we\n      // replace the JSON backslash pairs with \"@\" (a non-JSON character). Second, we\n      // replace all simple value tokens with \"]\" characters. Third, we delete all\n      // open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,\n      // we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or \"]\" or\n      // \",\" or \":\" or \"{\" or \"}\". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.\n\n      if (rx_one.test(text.replace(rx_two, \"@\").replace(rx_three, \"]\").replace(rx_four, \"\"))) {\n        // In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a\n        // JavaScript structure. The \"{\" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity\n        // in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text\n        // in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.\n\n        j = eval(\"(\" + text + \")\");\n\n        // In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing\n        // each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.\n\n        return typeof reviver === \"function\" ? walk({\n          \"\": j\n        }, \"\") : j;\n      }\n\n      // If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.\n\n      throw new SyntaxError(\"JSON.parse\");\n    };\n  }\n})();","var util = require('./util');\nvar slice = util.slice;\nvar pluck = util.pluck;\nvar each = util.each;\nvar bind = util.bind;\nvar create = util.create;\nvar isList = util.isList;\nvar isFunction = util.isFunction;\nvar isObject = util.isObject;\nmodule.exports = {\n  createStore: _createStore\n};\nvar storeAPI = {\n  version: '2.0.12',\n  enabled: false,\n  // get returns the value of the given key. If that value\n  // is undefined, it returns optionalDefaultValue instead.\n  get: function get(key, optionalDefaultValue) {\n    var data = this.storage.read(this._namespacePrefix + key);\n    return this._deserialize(data, optionalDefaultValue);\n  },\n  // set will store the given value at key and returns value.\n  // Calling set with value === undefined is equivalent to calling remove.\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      return this.remove(key);\n    }\n    this.storage.write(this._namespacePrefix + key, this._serialize(value));\n    return value;\n  },\n  // remove deletes the key and value stored at the given key.\n  remove: function remove(key) {\n    this.storage.remove(this._namespacePrefix + key);\n  },\n  // each will call the given callback once for each key-value pair\n  // in this store.\n  each: function each(callback) {\n    var self = this;\n    this.storage.each(function (val, namespacedKey) {\n      callback.call(self, self._deserialize(val), (namespacedKey || '').replace(self._namespaceRegexp, ''));\n    });\n  },\n  // clearAll will remove all the stored key-value pairs in this store.\n  clearAll: function clearAll() {\n    this.storage.clearAll();\n  },\n  // additional functionality that can't live in plugins\n  // ---------------------------------------------------\n\n  // hasNamespace returns true if this store instance has the given namespace.\n  hasNamespace: function hasNamespace(namespace) {\n    return this._namespacePrefix == '__storejs_' + namespace + '_';\n  },\n  // createStore creates a store.js instance with the first\n  // functioning storage in the list of storage candidates,\n  // and applies the the given mixins to the instance.\n  createStore: function createStore() {\n    return _createStore.apply(this, arguments);\n  },\n  addPlugin: function addPlugin(plugin) {\n    this._addPlugin(plugin);\n  },\n  namespace: function namespace(_namespace) {\n    return _createStore(this.storage, this.plugins, _namespace);\n  }\n};\nfunction _warn() {\n  var _console = typeof console == 'undefined' ? null : console;\n  if (!_console) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fn = _console.warn ? _console.warn : _console.log;\n  fn.apply(_console, arguments);\n}\nfunction _createStore(storages, plugins, namespace) {\n  if (!namespace) {\n    namespace = '';\n  }\n  if (storages && !isList(storages)) {\n    storages = [storages];\n  }\n  if (plugins && !isList(plugins)) {\n    plugins = [plugins];\n  }\n  var namespacePrefix = namespace ? '__storejs_' + namespace + '_' : '';\n  var namespaceRegexp = namespace ? new RegExp('^' + namespacePrefix) : null;\n  var legalNamespaces = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\-]*$/; // alpha-numeric + underscore and dash\n  if (!legalNamespaces.test(namespace)) {\n    throw new Error('store.js namespaces can only have alphanumerics + underscores and dashes');\n  }\n  var _privateStoreProps = {\n    _namespacePrefix: namespacePrefix,\n    _namespaceRegexp: namespaceRegexp,\n    _testStorage: function _testStorage(storage) {\n      try {\n        var testStr = '__storejs__test__';\n        storage.write(testStr, testStr);\n        var ok = storage.read(testStr) === testStr;\n        storage.remove(testStr);\n        return ok;\n      } catch (e) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    },\n    _assignPluginFnProp: function _assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName) {\n      var oldFn = this[propName];\n      this[propName] = function pluginFn() {\n        var args = slice(arguments, 0);\n        var self = this;\n\n        // super_fn calls the old function which was overwritten by\n        // this mixin.\n        function super_fn() {\n          if (!oldFn) {\n            return;\n          }\n          each(arguments, function (arg, i) {\n            args[i] = arg;\n          });\n          return oldFn.apply(self, args);\n        }\n\n        // Give mixing function access to super_fn by prefixing all mixin function\n        // arguments with super_fn.\n        var newFnArgs = [super_fn].concat(args);\n        return pluginFnProp.apply(self, newFnArgs);\n      };\n    },\n    _serialize: function _serialize(obj) {\n      return JSON.stringify(obj);\n    },\n    _deserialize: function _deserialize(strVal, defaultVal) {\n      if (!strVal) {\n        return defaultVal;\n      }\n      // It is possible that a raw string value has been previously stored\n      // in a storage without using store.js, meaning it will be a raw\n      // string value instead of a JSON serialized string. By defaulting\n      // to the raw string value in case of a JSON parse error, we allow\n      // for past stored values to be forwards-compatible with store.js\n      var val = '';\n      try {\n        val = JSON.parse(strVal);\n      } catch (e) {\n        val = strVal;\n      }\n      return val !== undefined ? val : defaultVal;\n    },\n    _addStorage: function _addStorage(storage) {\n      if (this.enabled) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (this._testStorage(storage)) {\n        this.storage = storage;\n        this.enabled = true;\n      }\n    },\n    _addPlugin: function _addPlugin(plugin) {\n      var self = this;\n\n      // If the plugin is an array, then add all plugins in the array.\n      // This allows for a plugin to depend on other plugins.\n      if (isList(plugin)) {\n        each(plugin, function (plugin) {\n          self._addPlugin(plugin);\n        });\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Keep track of all plugins we've seen so far, so that we\n      // don't add any of them twice.\n      var seenPlugin = pluck(this.plugins, function (seenPlugin) {\n        return plugin === seenPlugin;\n      });\n      if (seenPlugin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      this.plugins.push(plugin);\n\n      // Check that the plugin is properly formed\n      if (!isFunction(plugin)) {\n        throw new Error('Plugins must be function values that return objects');\n      }\n      var pluginProperties = plugin.call(this);\n      if (!isObject(pluginProperties)) {\n        throw new Error('Plugins must return an object of function properties');\n      }\n\n      // Add the plugin function properties to this store instance.\n      each(pluginProperties, function (pluginFnProp, propName) {\n        if (!isFunction(pluginFnProp)) {\n          throw new Error('Bad plugin property: ' + propName + ' from plugin ' + plugin.name + '. Plugins should only return functions.');\n        }\n        self._assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName);\n      });\n    },\n    // Put deprecated properties in the private API, so as to not expose it to accidential\n    // discovery through inspection of the store object.\n\n    // Deprecated: addStorage\n    addStorage: function addStorage(storage) {\n      _warn('store.addStorage(storage) is deprecated. Use createStore([storages])');\n      this._addStorage(storage);\n    }\n  };\n  var store = create(_privateStoreProps, storeAPI, {\n    plugins: []\n  });\n  store.raw = {};\n  each(store, function (prop, propName) {\n    if (isFunction(prop)) {\n      store.raw[propName] = bind(store, prop);\n    }\n  });\n  each(storages, function (storage) {\n    store._addStorage(storage);\n  });\n  each(plugins, function (plugin) {\n    store._addPlugin(plugin);\n  });\n  return store;\n}","var assign = make_assign();\nvar create = make_create();\nvar trim = make_trim();\nvar Global = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  assign: assign,\n  create: create,\n  trim: trim,\n  bind: bind,\n  slice: slice,\n  each: each,\n  map: map,\n  pluck: pluck,\n  isList: isList,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  Global: Global\n};\nfunction make_assign() {\n  if (Object.assign) {\n    return Object.assign;\n  } else {\n    return function shimAssign(obj, props1, props2, etc) {\n      for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n        each(Object(arguments[i]), function (val, key) {\n          obj[key] = val;\n        });\n      }\n      return obj;\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction make_create() {\n  if (Object.create) {\n    return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {\n      var assignArgsList = slice(arguments, 1);\n      return assign.apply(this, [Object.create(obj)].concat(assignArgsList));\n    };\n  } else {\n    var F = function F() {}; // eslint-disable-line no-inner-declarations\n    return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {\n      var assignArgsList = slice(arguments, 1);\n      F.prototype = obj;\n      return assign.apply(this, [new F()].concat(assignArgsList));\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction make_trim() {\n  if (String.prototype.trim) {\n    return function trim(str) {\n      return String.prototype.trim.call(str);\n    };\n  } else {\n    return function trim(str) {\n      return str.replace(/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g, '');\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction bind(obj, fn) {\n  return function () {\n    return fn.apply(obj, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));\n  };\n}\nfunction slice(arr, index) {\n  return Array.prototype.slice.call(arr, index || 0);\n}\nfunction each(obj, fn) {\n  pluck(obj, function (val, key) {\n    fn(val, key);\n    return false;\n  });\n}\nfunction map(obj, fn) {\n  var res = isList(obj) ? [] : {};\n  pluck(obj, function (v, k) {\n    res[k] = fn(v, k);\n    return false;\n  });\n  return res;\n}\nfunction pluck(obj, fn) {\n  if (isList(obj)) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {\n      if (fn(obj[i], i)) {\n        return obj[i];\n      }\n    }\n  } else {\n    for (var key in obj) {\n      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n        if (fn(obj[key], key)) {\n          return obj[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction isList(val) {\n  return val != null && typeof val != 'function' && typeof val.length == 'number';\n}\nfunction isFunction(val) {\n  return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';\n}\nfunction isObject(val) {\n  return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';\n}","module.exports = [\n// Listed in order of usage preference\nrequire('./localStorage'), require('./oldFF-globalStorage'), require('./oldIE-userDataStorage'), require('./cookieStorage'), require('./sessionStorage'), require('./memoryStorage')];","// cookieStorage is useful Safari private browser mode, where localStorage\n// doesn't work but cookies do. This implementation is adopted from\n// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Storage/LocalStorage\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nvar trim = util.trim;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'cookieStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar doc = Global.document;\nfunction read(key) {\n  if (!key || !_has(key)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var regexpStr = \"(?:^|.*;\\\\s*)\" + escape(key).replace(/[\\-\\.\\+\\*]/g, \"\\\\$&\") + \"\\\\s*\\\\=\\\\s*((?:[^;](?!;))*[^;]?).*\";\n  return unescape(doc.cookie.replace(new RegExp(regexpStr), \"$1\"));\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  var cookies = doc.cookie.split(/; ?/g);\n  for (var i = cookies.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    if (!trim(cookies[i])) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    var kvp = cookies[i].split('=');\n    var key = unescape(kvp[0]);\n    var val = unescape(kvp[1]);\n    callback(val, key);\n  }\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  if (!key) {\n    return;\n  }\n  doc.cookie = escape(key) + \"=\" + escape(data) + \"; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT; path=/\";\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  if (!key || !_has(key)) {\n    return;\n  }\n  doc.cookie = escape(key) + \"=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/\";\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  each(function (_, key) {\n    remove(key);\n  });\n}\nfunction _has(key) {\n  return new RegExp(\"(?:^|;\\\\s*)\" + escape(key).replace(/[\\-\\.\\+\\*]/g, \"\\\\$&\") + \"\\\\s*\\\\=\").test(doc.cookie);\n}","var util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'localStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nfunction localStorage() {\n  return Global.localStorage;\n}\nfunction read(key) {\n  return localStorage().getItem(key);\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  return localStorage().setItem(key, data);\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = localStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = localStorage().key(i);\n    fn(read(key), key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return localStorage().removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  return localStorage().clear();\n}","// memoryStorage is a useful last fallback to ensure that the store\n// is functions (meaning store.get(), store.set(), etc will all function).\n// However, stored values will not persist when the browser navigates to\n// a new page or reloads the current page.\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'memoryStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar memoryStorage = {};\nfunction read(key) {\n  return memoryStorage[key];\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  memoryStorage[key] = data;\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  for (var key in memoryStorage) {\n    if (memoryStorage.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      callback(memoryStorage[key], key);\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  delete memoryStorage[key];\n}\nfunction clearAll(key) {\n  memoryStorage = {};\n}","// oldFF-globalStorage provides storage for Firefox\n// versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, etc\n// is available.\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'oldFF-globalStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar globalStorage = Global.globalStorage;\nfunction read(key) {\n  return globalStorage[key];\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  globalStorage[key] = data;\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = globalStorage.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = globalStorage.key(i);\n    fn(globalStorage[key], key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return globalStorage.removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  each(function (key, _) {\n    delete globalStorage[key];\n  });\n}","// oldIE-userDataStorage provides storage for Internet Explorer\n// versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, sessionStorage, etc\n// is available.\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'oldIE-userDataStorage',\n  write: write,\n  read: read,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar storageName = 'storejs';\nvar doc = Global.document;\nvar _withStorageEl = _makeIEStorageElFunction();\nvar disable = (Global.navigator ? Global.navigator.userAgent : '').match(/ (MSIE 8|MSIE 9|MSIE 10)\\./); // MSIE 9.x, MSIE 10.x\n\nfunction write(unfixedKey, data) {\n  if (disable) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    storageEl.setAttribute(fixedKey, data);\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\nfunction read(unfixedKey) {\n  if (disable) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  var res = null;\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    res = storageEl.getAttribute(fixedKey);\n  });\n  return res;\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n    for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      var attr = attributes[i];\n      callback(storageEl.getAttribute(attr.name), attr.name);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction remove(unfixedKey) {\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    storageEl.removeAttribute(fixedKey);\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n    storageEl.load(storageName);\n    for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      storageEl.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);\n    }\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\n\n// Helpers\n//////////\n\n// In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.\n// See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40\n// See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83\nvar forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp(\"[!\\\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\\\\\:;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|}~]\", \"g\");\nfunction fixKey(key) {\n  return key.replace(/^\\d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___');\n}\nfunction _makeIEStorageElFunction() {\n  if (!doc || !doc.documentElement || !doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var scriptTag = 'script',\n    storageOwner,\n    storageContainer,\n    storageEl;\n\n  // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to\n  // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico\n  // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to\n  // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an\n  // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object\n  // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)\n  // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and\n  // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This\n  // document can be used instead of the current document (which would\n  // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.\n  try {\n    /* global ActiveXObject */\n    storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n    storageContainer.open();\n    storageContainer.write('<' + scriptTag + '>document.w=window</' + scriptTag + '><iframe src=\"/favicon.ico\"></iframe>');\n    storageContainer.close();\n    storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;\n    storageEl = storageOwner.createElement('div');\n  } catch (e) {\n    // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special\n    // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage\n    storageEl = doc.createElement('div');\n    storageOwner = doc.body;\n  }\n  return function (storeFunction) {\n    var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);\n    args.unshift(storageEl);\n    // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx\n    // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx\n    storageOwner.appendChild(storageEl);\n    storageEl.addBehavior('#default#userData');\n    storageEl.load(storageName);\n    storeFunction.apply(this, args);\n    storageOwner.removeChild(storageEl);\n    return;\n  };\n}","var util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'sessionStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nfunction sessionStorage() {\n  return Global.sessionStorage;\n}\nfunction read(key) {\n  return sessionStorage().getItem(key);\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  return sessionStorage().setItem(key, data);\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = sessionStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = sessionStorage().key(i);\n    fn(read(key), key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return sessionStorage().removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  return sessionStorage().clear();\n}","function stylis_min(W) {\n  function M(d, c, e, h, a) {\n    for (var m = 0, b = 0, v = 0, n = 0, q, g, x = 0, K = 0, k, u = k = q = 0, l = 0, r = 0, I = 0, t = 0, B = e.length, J = B - 1, y, f = '', p = '', F = '', G = '', C; l < B;) {\n      g = e.charCodeAt(l);\n      l === J && 0 !== b + n + v + m && (0 !== b && (g = 47 === b ? 10 : 47), n = v = m = 0, B++, J++);\n      if (0 === b + n + v + m) {\n        if (l === J && (0 < r && (f = f.replace(N, '')), 0 < f.trim().length)) {\n          switch (g) {\n            case 32:\n            case 9:\n            case 59:\n            case 13:\n            case 10:\n              break;\n            default:\n              f += e.charAt(l);\n          }\n          g = 59;\n        }\n        switch (g) {\n          case 123:\n            f = f.trim();\n            q = f.charCodeAt(0);\n            k = 1;\n            for (t = ++l; l < B;) {\n              switch (g = e.charCodeAt(l)) {\n                case 123:\n                  k++;\n                  break;\n                case 125:\n                  k--;\n                  break;\n                case 47:\n                  switch (g = e.charCodeAt(l + 1)) {\n                    case 42:\n                    case 47:\n                      a: {\n                        for (u = l + 1; u < J; ++u) {\n                          switch (e.charCodeAt(u)) {\n                            case 47:\n                              if (42 === g && 42 === e.charCodeAt(u - 1) && l + 2 !== u) {\n                                l = u + 1;\n                                break a;\n                              }\n                              break;\n                            case 10:\n                              if (47 === g) {\n                                l = u + 1;\n                                break a;\n                              }\n                          }\n                        }\n                        l = u;\n                      }\n                  }\n                  break;\n                case 91:\n                  g++;\n                case 40:\n                  g++;\n                case 34:\n                case 39:\n                  for (; l++ < J && e.charCodeAt(l) !== g;) {}\n              }\n              if (0 === k) break;\n              l++;\n            }\n            k = e.substring(t, l);\n            0 === q && (q = (f = f.replace(ca, '').trim()).charCodeAt(0));\n            switch (q) {\n              case 64:\n                0 < r && (f = f.replace(N, ''));\n                g = f.charCodeAt(1);\n                switch (g) {\n                  case 100:\n                  case 109:\n                  case 115:\n                  case 45:\n                    r = c;\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    r = O;\n                }\n                k = M(c, r, k, g, a + 1);\n                t = k.length;\n                0 < A && (r = X(O, f, I), C = H(3, k, r, c, D, z, t, g, a, h), f = r.join(''), void 0 !== C && 0 === (t = (k = C.trim()).length) && (g = 0, k = ''));\n                if (0 < t) switch (g) {\n                  case 115:\n                    f = f.replace(da, ea);\n                  case 100:\n                  case 109:\n                  case 45:\n                    k = f + '{' + k + '}';\n                    break;\n                  case 107:\n                    f = f.replace(fa, '$1 $2');\n                    k = f + '{' + k + '}';\n                    k = 1 === w || 2 === w && L('@' + k, 3) ? '@-webkit-' + k + '@' + k : '@' + k;\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    k = f + k, 112 === h && (k = (p += k, ''));\n                } else k = '';\n                break;\n              default:\n                k = M(c, X(c, f, I), k, h, a + 1);\n            }\n            F += k;\n            k = I = r = u = q = 0;\n            f = '';\n            g = e.charCodeAt(++l);\n            break;\n          case 125:\n          case 59:\n            f = (0 < r ? f.replace(N, '') : f).trim();\n            if (1 < (t = f.length)) switch (0 === u && (q = f.charCodeAt(0), 45 === q || 96 < q && 123 > q) && (t = (f = f.replace(' ', ':')).length), 0 < A && void 0 !== (C = H(1, f, c, d, D, z, p.length, h, a, h)) && 0 === (t = (f = C.trim()).length) && (f = '\\x00\\x00'), q = f.charCodeAt(0), g = f.charCodeAt(1), q) {\n              case 0:\n                break;\n              case 64:\n                if (105 === g || 99 === g) {\n                  G += f + e.charAt(l);\n                  break;\n                }\n              default:\n                58 !== f.charCodeAt(t - 1) && (p += P(f, q, g, f.charCodeAt(2)));\n            }\n            I = r = u = q = 0;\n            f = '';\n            g = e.charCodeAt(++l);\n        }\n      }\n      switch (g) {\n        case 13:\n        case 10:\n          47 === b ? b = 0 : 0 === 1 + q && 107 !== h && 0 < f.length && (r = 1, f += '\\x00');\n          0 < A * Y && H(0, f, c, d, D, z, p.length, h, a, h);\n          z = 1;\n          D++;\n          break;\n        case 59:\n        case 125:\n          if (0 === b + n + v + m) {\n            z++;\n            break;\n          }\n        default:\n          z++;\n          y = e.charAt(l);\n          switch (g) {\n            case 9:\n            case 32:\n              if (0 === n + m + b) switch (x) {\n                case 44:\n                case 58:\n                case 9:\n                case 32:\n                  y = '';\n                  break;\n                default:\n                  32 !== g && (y = ' ');\n              }\n              break;\n            case 0:\n              y = '\\\\0';\n              break;\n            case 12:\n              y = '\\\\f';\n              break;\n            case 11:\n              y = '\\\\v';\n              break;\n            case 38:\n              0 === n + b + m && (r = I = 1, y = '\\f' + y);\n              break;\n            case 108:\n              if (0 === n + b + m + E && 0 < u) switch (l - u) {\n                case 2:\n                  112 === x && 58 === e.charCodeAt(l - 3) && (E = x);\n                case 8:\n                  111 === K && (E = K);\n              }\n              break;\n            case 58:\n              0 === n + b + m && (u = l);\n              break;\n            case 44:\n              0 === b + v + n + m && (r = 1, y += '\\r');\n              break;\n            case 34:\n            case 39:\n              0 === b && (n = n === g ? 0 : 0 === n ? g : n);\n              break;\n            case 91:\n              0 === n + b + v && m++;\n              break;\n            case 93:\n              0 === n + b + v && m--;\n              break;\n            case 41:\n              0 === n + b + m && v--;\n              break;\n            case 40:\n              if (0 === n + b + m) {\n                if (0 === q) switch (2 * x + 3 * K) {\n                  case 533:\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    q = 1;\n                }\n                v++;\n              }\n              break;\n            case 64:\n              0 === b + v + n + m + u + k && (k = 1);\n              break;\n            case 42:\n            case 47:\n              if (!(0 < n + m + v)) switch (b) {\n                case 0:\n                  switch (2 * g + 3 * e.charCodeAt(l + 1)) {\n                    case 235:\n                      b = 47;\n                      break;\n                    case 220:\n                      t = l, b = 42;\n                  }\n                  break;\n                case 42:\n                  47 === g && 42 === x && t + 2 !== l && (33 === e.charCodeAt(t + 2) && (p += e.substring(t, l + 1)), y = '', b = 0);\n              }\n          }\n          0 === b && (f += y);\n      }\n      K = x;\n      x = g;\n      l++;\n    }\n    t = p.length;\n    if (0 < t) {\n      r = c;\n      if (0 < A && (C = H(2, p, r, d, D, z, t, h, a, h), void 0 !== C && 0 === (p = C).length)) return G + p + F;\n      p = r.join(',') + '{' + p + '}';\n      if (0 !== w * E) {\n        2 !== w || L(p, 2) || (E = 0);\n        switch (E) {\n          case 111:\n            p = p.replace(ha, ':-moz-$1') + p;\n            break;\n          case 112:\n            p = p.replace(Q, '::-webkit-input-$1') + p.replace(Q, '::-moz-$1') + p.replace(Q, ':-ms-input-$1') + p;\n        }\n        E = 0;\n      }\n    }\n    return G + p + F;\n  }\n  function X(d, c, e) {\n    var h = c.trim().split(ia);\n    c = h;\n    var a = h.length,\n      m = d.length;\n    switch (m) {\n      case 0:\n      case 1:\n        var b = 0;\n        for (d = 0 === m ? '' : d[0] + ' '; b < a; ++b) {\n          c[b] = Z(d, c[b], e).trim();\n        }\n        break;\n      default:\n        var v = b = 0;\n        for (c = []; b < a; ++b) {\n          for (var n = 0; n < m; ++n) {\n            c[v++] = Z(d[n] + ' ', h[b], e).trim();\n          }\n        }\n    }\n    return c;\n  }\n  function Z(d, c, e) {\n    var h = c.charCodeAt(0);\n    33 > h && (h = (c = c.trim()).charCodeAt(0));\n    switch (h) {\n      case 38:\n        return c.replace(F, '$1' + d.trim());\n      case 58:\n        return d.trim() + c.replace(F, '$1' + d.trim());\n      default:\n        if (0 < 1 * e && 0 < c.indexOf('\\f')) return c.replace(F, (58 === d.charCodeAt(0) ? '' : '$1') + d.trim());\n    }\n    return d + c;\n  }\n  function P(d, c, e, h) {\n    var a = d + ';',\n      m = 2 * c + 3 * e + 4 * h;\n    if (944 === m) {\n      d = a.indexOf(':', 9) + 1;\n      var b = a.substring(d, a.length - 1).trim();\n      b = a.substring(0, d).trim() + b + ';';\n      return 1 === w || 2 === w && L(b, 1) ? '-webkit-' + b + b : b;\n    }\n    if (0 === w || 2 === w && !L(a, 1)) return a;\n    switch (m) {\n      case 1015:\n        return 97 === a.charCodeAt(10) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 951:\n        return 116 === a.charCodeAt(3) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 963:\n        return 110 === a.charCodeAt(5) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 1009:\n        if (100 !== a.charCodeAt(4)) break;\n      case 969:\n      case 942:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + a;\n      case 978:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-moz-' + a + a;\n      case 1019:\n      case 983:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-moz-' + a + '-ms-' + a + a;\n      case 883:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(8)) return '-webkit-' + a + a;\n        if (0 < a.indexOf('image-set(', 11)) return a.replace(ja, '$1-webkit-$2') + a;\n        break;\n      case 932:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(4)) switch (a.charCodeAt(5)) {\n          case 103:\n            return '-webkit-box-' + a.replace('-grow', '') + '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('grow', 'positive') + a;\n          case 115:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('shrink', 'negative') + a;\n          case 98:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('basis', 'preferred-size') + a;\n        }\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a + a;\n      case 964:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-' + a + a;\n      case 1023:\n        if (99 !== a.charCodeAt(8)) break;\n        b = a.substring(a.indexOf(':', 15)).replace('flex-', '').replace('space-between', 'justify');\n        return '-webkit-box-pack' + b + '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-pack' + b + a;\n      case 1005:\n        return ka.test(a) ? a.replace(aa, ':-webkit-') + a.replace(aa, ':-moz-') + a : a;\n      case 1e3:\n        b = a.substring(13).trim();\n        c = b.indexOf('-') + 1;\n        switch (b.charCodeAt(0) + b.charCodeAt(c)) {\n          case 226:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'tb');\n            break;\n          case 232:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'tb-rl');\n            break;\n          case 220:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'lr');\n            break;\n          default:\n            return a;\n        }\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + b + a;\n      case 1017:\n        if (-1 === a.indexOf('sticky', 9)) break;\n      case 975:\n        c = (a = d).length - 10;\n        b = (33 === a.charCodeAt(c) ? a.substring(0, c) : a).substring(d.indexOf(':', 7) + 1).trim();\n        switch (m = b.charCodeAt(0) + (b.charCodeAt(7) | 0)) {\n          case 203:\n            if (111 > b.charCodeAt(8)) break;\n          case 115:\n            a = a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + ';' + a;\n            break;\n          case 207:\n          case 102:\n            a = a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + (102 < m ? 'inline-' : '') + 'box') + ';' + a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + ';' + a.replace(b, '-ms-' + b + 'box') + ';' + a;\n        }\n        return a + ';';\n      case 938:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(5)) switch (a.charCodeAt(6)) {\n          case 105:\n            return b = a.replace('-items', ''), '-webkit-' + a + '-webkit-box-' + b + '-ms-flex-' + b + a;\n          case 115:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-item-' + a.replace(ba, '') + a;\n          default:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-line-pack' + a.replace('align-content', '').replace(ba, '') + a;\n        }\n        break;\n      case 973:\n      case 989:\n        if (45 !== a.charCodeAt(3) || 122 === a.charCodeAt(4)) break;\n      case 931:\n      case 953:\n        if (!0 === la.test(d)) return 115 === (b = d.substring(d.indexOf(':') + 1)).charCodeAt(0) ? P(d.replace('stretch', 'fill-available'), c, e, h).replace(':fill-available', ':stretch') : a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + a.replace(b, '-moz-' + b.replace('fill-', '')) + a;\n        break;\n      case 962:\n        if (a = '-webkit-' + a + (102 === a.charCodeAt(5) ? '-ms-' + a : '') + a, 211 === e + h && 105 === a.charCodeAt(13) && 0 < a.indexOf('transform', 10)) return a.substring(0, a.indexOf(';', 27) + 1).replace(ma, '$1-webkit-$2') + a;\n    }\n    return a;\n  }\n  function L(d, c) {\n    var e = d.indexOf(1 === c ? ':' : '{'),\n      h = d.substring(0, 3 !== c ? e : 10);\n    e = d.substring(e + 1, d.length - 1);\n    return R(2 !== c ? h : h.replace(na, '$1'), e, c);\n  }\n  function ea(d, c) {\n    var e = P(c, c.charCodeAt(0), c.charCodeAt(1), c.charCodeAt(2));\n    return e !== c + ';' ? e.replace(oa, ' or ($1)').substring(4) : '(' + c + ')';\n  }\n  function H(d, c, e, h, a, m, b, v, n, q) {\n    for (var g = 0, x = c, w; g < A; ++g) {\n      switch (w = S[g].call(B, d, x, e, h, a, m, b, v, n, q)) {\n        case void 0:\n        case !1:\n        case !0:\n        case null:\n          break;\n        default:\n          x = w;\n      }\n    }\n    if (x !== c) return x;\n  }\n  function T(d) {\n    switch (d) {\n      case void 0:\n      case null:\n        A = S.length = 0;\n        break;\n      default:\n        if ('function' === typeof d) S[A++] = d;else if ('object' === typeof d) for (var c = 0, e = d.length; c < e; ++c) {\n          T(d[c]);\n        } else Y = !!d | 0;\n    }\n    return T;\n  }\n  function U(d) {\n    d = d.prefix;\n    void 0 !== d && (R = null, d ? 'function' !== typeof d ? w = 1 : (w = 2, R = d) : w = 0);\n    return U;\n  }\n  function B(d, c) {\n    var e = d;\n    33 > e.charCodeAt(0) && (e = e.trim());\n    V = e;\n    e = [V];\n    if (0 < A) {\n      var h = H(-1, c, e, e, D, z, 0, 0, 0, 0);\n      void 0 !== h && 'string' === typeof h && (c = h);\n    }\n    var a = M(O, e, c, 0, 0);\n    0 < A && (h = H(-2, a, e, e, D, z, a.length, 0, 0, 0), void 0 !== h && (a = h));\n    V = '';\n    E = 0;\n    z = D = 1;\n    return a;\n  }\n  var ca = /^\\0+/g,\n    N = /[\\0\\r\\f]/g,\n    aa = /: */g,\n    ka = /zoo|gra/,\n    ma = /([,: ])(transform)/g,\n    ia = /,\\r+?/g,\n    F = /([\\t\\r\\n ])*\\f?&/g,\n    fa = /@(k\\w+)\\s*(\\S*)\\s*/,\n    Q = /::(place)/g,\n    ha = /:(read-only)/g,\n    G = /[svh]\\w+-[tblr]{2}/,\n    da = /\\(\\s*(.*)\\s*\\)/g,\n    oa = /([\\s\\S]*?);/g,\n    ba = /-self|flex-/g,\n    na = /[^]*?(:[rp][el]a[\\w-]+)[^]*/,\n    la = /stretch|:\\s*\\w+\\-(?:conte|avail)/,\n    ja = /([^-])(image-set\\()/,\n    z = 1,\n    D = 1,\n    E = 0,\n    w = 1,\n    O = [],\n    S = [],\n    A = 0,\n    R = null,\n    Y = 0,\n    V = '';\n  B.use = T;\n  B.set = U;\n  void 0 !== W && U(W);\n  return B;\n}\nexport default stylis_min;","var unitlessKeys = {\n  animationIterationCount: 1,\n  borderImageOutset: 1,\n  borderImageSlice: 1,\n  borderImageWidth: 1,\n  boxFlex: 1,\n  boxFlexGroup: 1,\n  boxOrdinalGroup: 1,\n  columnCount: 1,\n  columns: 1,\n  flex: 1,\n  flexGrow: 1,\n  flexPositive: 1,\n  flexShrink: 1,\n  flexNegative: 1,\n  flexOrder: 1,\n  gridRow: 1,\n  gridRowEnd: 1,\n  gridRowSpan: 1,\n  gridRowStart: 1,\n  gridColumn: 1,\n  gridColumnEnd: 1,\n  gridColumnSpan: 1,\n  gridColumnStart: 1,\n  msGridRow: 1,\n  msGridRowSpan: 1,\n  msGridColumn: 1,\n  msGridColumnSpan: 1,\n  fontWeight: 1,\n  lineHeight: 1,\n  opacity: 1,\n  order: 1,\n  orphans: 1,\n  tabSize: 1,\n  widows: 1,\n  zIndex: 1,\n  zoom: 1,\n  WebkitLineClamp: 1,\n  // SVG-related properties\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  floodOpacity: 1,\n  stopOpacity: 1,\n  strokeDasharray: 1,\n  strokeDashoffset: 1,\n  strokeMiterlimit: 1,\n  strokeOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nexport default unitlessKeys;","function memoize(fn) {\n  var cache = Object.create(null);\n  return function (arg) {\n    if (cache[arg] === undefined) cache[arg] = fn(arg);\n    return cache[arg];\n  };\n}\nexport default memoize;","import memoize from '@emotion/memoize';\nvar reactPropsRegex = /^((children|dangerouslySetInnerHTML|key|ref|autoFocus|defaultValue|defaultChecked|innerHTML|suppressContentEditableWarning|suppressHydrationWarning|valueLink|abbr|accept|acceptCharset|accessKey|action|allow|allowUserMedia|allowPaymentRequest|allowFullScreen|allowTransparency|alt|async|autoComplete|autoPlay|capture|cellPadding|cellSpacing|challenge|charSet|checked|cite|classID|className|cols|colSpan|content|contentEditable|contextMenu|controls|controlsList|coords|crossOrigin|data|dateTime|decoding|default|defer|dir|disabled|disablePictureInPicture|download|draggable|encType|enterKeyHint|form|formAction|formEncType|formMethod|formNoValidate|formTarget|frameBorder|headers|height|hidden|high|href|hrefLang|htmlFor|httpEquiv|id|inputMode|integrity|is|keyParams|keyType|kind|label|lang|list|loading|loop|low|marginHeight|marginWidth|max|maxLength|media|mediaGroup|method|min|minLength|multiple|muted|name|nonce|noValidate|open|optimum|pattern|placeholder|playsInline|poster|preload|profile|radioGroup|readOnly|referrerPolicy|rel|required|reversed|role|rows|rowSpan|sandbox|scope|scoped|scrolling|seamless|selected|shape|size|sizes|slot|span|spellCheck|src|srcDoc|srcLang|srcSet|start|step|style|summary|tabIndex|target|title|translate|type|useMap|value|width|wmode|wrap|about|datatype|inlist|prefix|property|resource|typeof|vocab|autoCapitalize|autoCorrect|autoSave|color|incremental|fallback|inert|itemProp|itemScope|itemType|itemID|itemRef|on|option|results|security|unselectable|accentHeight|accumulate|additive|alignmentBaseline|allowReorder|alphabetic|amplitude|arabicForm|ascent|attributeName|attributeType|autoReverse|azimuth|baseFrequency|baselineShift|baseProfile|bbox|begin|bias|by|calcMode|capHeight|clip|clipPathUnits|clipPath|clipRule|colorInterpolation|colorInterpolationFilters|colorProfile|colorRendering|contentScriptType|contentStyleType|cursor|cx|cy|d|decelerate|descent|diffuseConstant|direction|display|divisor|dominantBaseline|dur|dx|dy|edgeMode|elevation|enableBackground|end|exponent|externalResourcesRequired|fill|fillOpacity|fillRule|filter|filterRes|filterUnits|floodColor|floodOpacity|focusable|fontFamily|fontSize|fontSizeAdjust|fontStretch|fontStyle|fontVariant|fontWeight|format|from|fr|fx|fy|g1|g2|glyphName|glyphOrientationHorizontal|glyphOrientationVertical|glyphRef|gradientTransform|gradientUnits|hanging|horizAdvX|horizOriginX|ideographic|imageRendering|in|in2|intercept|k|k1|k2|k3|k4|kernelMatrix|kernelUnitLength|kerning|keyPoints|keySplines|keyTimes|lengthAdjust|letterSpacing|lightingColor|limitingConeAngle|local|markerEnd|markerMid|markerStart|markerHeight|markerUnits|markerWidth|mask|maskContentUnits|maskUnits|mathematical|mode|numOctaves|offset|opacity|operator|order|orient|orientation|origin|overflow|overlinePosition|overlineThickness|panose1|paintOrder|pathLength|patternContentUnits|patternTransform|patternUnits|pointerEvents|points|pointsAtX|pointsAtY|pointsAtZ|preserveAlpha|preserveAspectRatio|primitiveUnits|r|radius|refX|refY|renderingIntent|repeatCount|repeatDur|requiredExtensions|requiredFeatures|restart|result|rotate|rx|ry|scale|seed|shapeRendering|slope|spacing|specularConstant|specularExponent|speed|spreadMethod|startOffset|stdDeviation|stemh|stemv|stitchTiles|stopColor|stopOpacity|strikethroughPosition|strikethroughThickness|string|stroke|strokeDasharray|strokeDashoffset|strokeLinecap|strokeLinejoin|strokeMiterlimit|strokeOpacity|strokeWidth|surfaceScale|systemLanguage|tableValues|targetX|targetY|textAnchor|textDecoration|textRendering|textLength|to|transform|u1|u2|underlinePosition|underlineThickness|unicode|unicodeBidi|unicodeRange|unitsPerEm|vAlphabetic|vHanging|vIdeographic|vMathematical|values|vectorEffect|version|vertAdvY|vertOriginX|vertOriginY|viewBox|viewTarget|visibility|widths|wordSpacing|writingMode|x|xHeight|x1|x2|xChannelSelector|xlinkActuate|xlinkArcrole|xlinkHref|xlinkRole|xlinkShow|xlinkTitle|xlinkType|xmlBase|xmlns|xmlnsXlink|xmlLang|xmlSpace|y|y1|y2|yChannelSelector|z|zoomAndPan|for|class|autofocus)|(([Dd][Aa][Tt][Aa]|[Aa][Rr][Ii][Aa]|x)-.*))$/; // https://esbench.com/bench/5bfee68a4cd7e6009ef61d23\n\nvar isPropValid = /* #__PURE__ */memoize(function (prop) {\n  return reactPropsRegex.test(prop) || prop.charCodeAt(0) === 111\n  /* o */ && prop.charCodeAt(1) === 110\n  /* n */ && prop.charCodeAt(2) < 91;\n}\n/* Z+1 */);\n\nexport default isPropValid;","import { typeOf as e, isElement as t, isValidElementType as n } from \"react-is\";\nimport r, { useState as o, useContext as s, useMemo as i, useEffect as a, useRef as c, createElement as u, useDebugValue as l, useLayoutEffect as d } from \"react\";\nimport h from \"shallowequal\";\nimport p from \"@emotion/stylis\";\nimport f from \"@emotion/unitless\";\nimport m from \"@emotion/is-prop-valid\";\nimport y from \"hoist-non-react-statics\";\nfunction v() {\n  return (v = Object.assign || function (e) {\n    for (var t = 1; t < arguments.length; t++) {\n      var n = arguments[t];\n      for (var r in n) {\n        Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n, r) && (e[r] = n[r]);\n      }\n    }\n    return e;\n  }).apply(this, arguments);\n}\nvar g = function g(e, t) {\n    for (var n = [e[0]], r = 0, o = t.length; r < o; r += 1) {\n      n.push(t[r], e[r + 1]);\n    }\n    return n;\n  },\n  S = function S(t) {\n    return null !== t && \"object\" == typeof t && \"[object Object]\" === (t.toString ? t.toString() : Object.prototype.toString.call(t)) && !e(t);\n  },\n  w = Object.freeze([]),\n  E = Object.freeze({});\nfunction b(e) {\n  return \"function\" == typeof e;\n}\nfunction _(e) {\n  return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"string\" == typeof e && e || e.displayName || e.name || \"Component\";\n}\nfunction N(e) {\n  return e && \"string\" == typeof e.styledComponentId;\n}\nvar A = \"undefined\" != typeof process && (process.env.REACT_APP_SC_ATTR || process.env.SC_ATTR) || \"data-styled\",\n  C = \"5.3.6\",\n  I = \"undefined\" != typeof window && \"HTMLElement\" in window,\n  P = Boolean(\"boolean\" == typeof SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"undefined\" != typeof process && void 0 !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && \"\" !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? \"false\" !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"undefined\" != typeof process && void 0 !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && \"\" !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? \"false\" !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV),\n  O = {},\n  R = \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? {\n    1: \"Cannot create styled-component for component: %s.\\n\\n\",\n    2: \"Can't collect styles once you've consumed a `ServerStyleSheet`'s styles! `ServerStyleSheet` is a one off instance for each server-side render cycle.\\n\\n- Are you trying to reuse it across renders?\\n- Are you accidentally calling collectStyles twice?\\n\\n\",\n    3: \"Streaming SSR is only supported in a Node.js environment; Please do not try to call this method in the browser.\\n\\n\",\n    4: \"The `StyleSheetManager` expects a valid target or sheet prop!\\n\\n- Does this error occur on the client and is your target falsy?\\n- Does this error occur on the server and is the sheet falsy?\\n\\n\",\n    5: \"The clone method cannot be used on the client!\\n\\n- Are you running in a client-like environment on the server?\\n- Are you trying to run SSR on the client?\\n\\n\",\n    6: \"Trying to insert a new style tag, but the given Node is unmounted!\\n\\n- Are you using a custom target that isn't mounted?\\n- Does your document not have a valid head element?\\n- Have you accidentally removed a style tag manually?\\n\\n\",\n    7: 'ThemeProvider: Please return an object from your \"theme\" prop function, e.g.\\n\\n```js\\ntheme={() => ({})}\\n```\\n\\n',\n    8: 'ThemeProvider: Please make your \"theme\" prop an object.\\n\\n',\n    9: \"Missing document `<head>`\\n\\n\",\n    10: \"Cannot find a StyleSheet instance. Usually this happens if there are multiple copies of styled-components loaded at once. Check out this issue for how to troubleshoot and fix the common cases where this situation can happen: https://github.com/styled-components/styled-components/issues/1941#issuecomment-417862021\\n\\n\",\n    11: \"_This error was replaced with a dev-time warning, it will be deleted for v4 final._ [createGlobalStyle] received children which will not be rendered. Please use the component without passing children elements.\\n\\n\",\n    12: \"It seems you are interpolating a keyframe declaration (%s) into an untagged string. This was supported in styled-components v3, but is not longer supported in v4 as keyframes are now injected on-demand. Please wrap your string in the css\\\\`\\\\` helper which ensures the styles are injected correctly. See https://www.styled-components.com/docs/api#css\\n\\n\",\n    13: \"%s is not a styled component and cannot be referred to via component selector. See https://www.styled-components.com/docs/advanced#referring-to-other-components for more details.\\n\\n\",\n    14: 'ThemeProvider: \"theme\" prop is required.\\n\\n',\n    15: \"A stylis plugin has been supplied that is not named. We need a name for each plugin to be able to prevent styling collisions between different stylis configurations within the same app. Before you pass your plugin to `<StyleSheetManager stylisPlugins={[]}>`, please make sure each plugin is uniquely-named, e.g.\\n\\n```js\\nObject.defineProperty(importedPlugin, 'name', { value: 'some-unique-name' });\\n```\\n\\n\",\n    16: \"Reached the limit of how many styled components may be created at group %s.\\nYou may only create up to 1,073,741,824 components. 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Array.prototype.concat(e.attrs, c).filter(Boolean) : c,\n    A = t.shouldForwardProp;\n  o && e.shouldForwardProp && (A = t.shouldForwardProp ? function (n, r, o) {\n    return e.shouldForwardProp(n, r, o) && t.shouldForwardProp(n, r, o);\n  } : e.shouldForwardProp);\n  var C,\n    I = new se(n, g, o ? e.componentStyle : void 0),\n    P = I.isStatic && 0 === c.length,\n    O = function O(e, t) {\n      return function (e, t, n, r) {\n        var o = e.attrs,\n          i = e.componentStyle,\n          a = e.defaultProps,\n          c = e.foldedComponentIds,\n          d = e.shouldForwardProp,\n          h = e.styledComponentId,\n          p = e.target;\n        \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && l(h);\n        var f = function (e, t, n) {\n            void 0 === e && (e = E);\n            var r = v({}, t, {\n                theme: e\n              }),\n              o = {};\n            return n.forEach(function (e) {\n              var t,\n                n,\n                s,\n                i = e;\n              for (t in b(i) && (i = i(r)), i) {\n                r[t] = o[t] = \"className\" === t ? (n = o[t], s = i[t], n && s ? n + \" \" + s : n || s) : i[t];\n              }\n            }), [r, o];\n          }(Re(t, s(Ge), a) || E, t, o),\n          y = f[0],\n          g = f[1],\n          S = function (e, t, n, r) {\n            var o = fe(),\n              s = me(),\n              i = t ? e.generateAndInjectStyles(E, o, s) : e.generateAndInjectStyles(n, o, s);\n            return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && l(i), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && !t && r && r(i), i;\n          }(i, r, y, \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? e.warnTooManyClasses : void 0),\n          w = n,\n          _ = g.$as || t.$as || g.as || t.as || p,\n          N = ke(_),\n          A = g !== t ? v({}, t, {}, g) : t,\n          C = {};\n        for (var I in A) {\n          \"$\" !== I[0] && \"as\" !== I && (\"forwardedAs\" === I ? C.as = A[I] : (d ? d(I, m, _) : !N || m(I)) && (C[I] = A[I]));\n        }\n        return t.style && g.style !== t.style && (C.style = v({}, t.style, {}, g.style)), C.className = Array.prototype.concat(c, h, S !== h ? S : null, t.className, g.className).filter(Boolean).join(\" \"), C.ref = w, u(_, C);\n      }(C, e, t, P);\n    };\n  return O.displayName = f, (C = r.forwardRef(O)).attrs = S, C.componentStyle = I, C.displayName = f, C.shouldForwardProp = A, C.foldedComponentIds = o ? Array.prototype.concat(e.foldedComponentIds, e.styledComponentId) : w, C.styledComponentId = g, C.target = o ? e.target : e, C.withComponent = function (e) {\n    var r = t.componentId,\n      o = function (e, t) {\n        if (null == e) return {};\n        var n,\n          r,\n          o = {},\n          s = Object.keys(e);\n        for (r = 0; r < s.length; r++) {\n          n = s[r], t.indexOf(n) >= 0 || (o[n] = e[n]);\n        }\n        return o;\n      }(t, [\"componentId\"]),\n      s = r && r + \"-\" + (ke(e) ? e : Te(_(e)));\n    return qe(e, v({}, o, {\n      attrs: S,\n      componentId: s\n    }), n);\n  }, Object.defineProperty(C, \"defaultProps\", {\n    get: function get() {\n      return this._foldedDefaultProps;\n    },\n    set: function set(t) {\n      this._foldedDefaultProps = o ? Me({}, e.defaultProps, t) : t;\n    }\n  }), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && (Oe(f, g), C.warnTooManyClasses = function (e, t) {\n    var n = {},\n      r = !1;\n    return function (o) {\n      if (!r && (n[o] = !0, Object.keys(n).length >= 200)) {\n        var s = t ? ' with the id of \"' + t + '\"' : \"\";\n        console.warn(\"Over 200 classes were generated for component \" + e + s + \".\\nConsider using the attrs method, together with a style object for frequently changed styles.\\nExample:\\n  const Component = styled.div.attrs(props => ({\\n    style: {\\n      background: props.background,\\n    },\\n  }))`width: 100%;`\\n\\n  <Component />\"), r = !0, n = {};\n      }\n    };\n  }(f, g)), C.toString = function () {\n    return \".\" + C.styledComponentId;\n  }, i && y(C, e, {\n    attrs: !0,\n    componentStyle: !0,\n    displayName: !0,\n    foldedComponentIds: !0,\n    shouldForwardProp: !0,\n    styledComponentId: !0,\n    target: !0,\n    withComponent: !0\n  }), C;\n}\nvar He = function He(e) {\n  return function e(t, r, o) {\n    if (void 0 === o && (o = E), !n(r)) return j(1, String(r));\n    var s = function s() {\n      return t(r, o, Ce.apply(void 0, arguments));\n    };\n    return s.withConfig = function (n) {\n      return e(t, r, v({}, o, {}, n));\n    }, s.attrs = function (n) {\n      return e(t, r, v({}, o, {\n        attrs: Array.prototype.concat(o.attrs, n).filter(Boolean)\n      }));\n    }, s;\n  }(qe, e);\n};\n[\"a\", \"abbr\", \"address\", \"area\", \"article\", \"aside\", \"audio\", \"b\", \"base\", \"bdi\", \"bdo\", \"big\", \"blockquote\", \"body\", \"br\", \"button\", \"canvas\", \"caption\", \"cite\", \"code\", \"col\", \"colgroup\", \"data\", \"datalist\", \"dd\", \"del\", \"details\", \"dfn\", \"dialog\", \"div\", \"dl\", \"dt\", \"em\", \"embed\", \"fieldset\", \"figcaption\", \"figure\", \"footer\", \"form\", \"h1\", \"h2\", \"h3\", \"h4\", \"h5\", \"h6\", \"head\", \"header\", \"hgroup\", \"hr\", \"html\", \"i\", \"iframe\", \"img\", \"input\", \"ins\", \"kbd\", \"keygen\", \"label\", \"legend\", \"li\", \"link\", \"main\", \"map\", \"mark\", \"marquee\", \"menu\", \"menuitem\", \"meta\", \"meter\", \"nav\", \"noscript\", \"object\", \"ol\", \"optgroup\", \"option\", \"output\", \"p\", \"param\", \"picture\", \"pre\", \"progress\", \"q\", \"rp\", \"rt\", \"ruby\", \"s\", \"samp\", \"script\", \"section\", \"select\", \"small\", \"source\", \"span\", \"strong\", \"style\", \"sub\", \"summary\", \"sup\", \"table\", \"tbody\", \"td\", \"textarea\", \"tfoot\", \"th\", \"thead\", \"time\", \"title\", \"tr\", \"track\", \"u\", \"ul\", \"var\", \"video\", \"wbr\", \"circle\", \"clipPath\", \"defs\", \"ellipse\", \"foreignObject\", \"g\", \"image\", \"line\", \"linearGradient\", \"marker\", \"mask\", \"path\", \"pattern\", \"polygon\", \"polyline\", \"radialGradient\", \"rect\", \"stop\", \"svg\", \"text\", \"textPath\", \"tspan\"].forEach(function (e) {\n  He[e] = He(e);\n});\nvar $e = function () {\n  function e(e, t) {\n    this.rules = e, this.componentId = t, this.isStatic = re(e), Z.registerId(this.componentId + 1);\n  }\n  var t = e.prototype;\n  return t.createStyles = function (e, t, n, r) {\n    var o = r(Ne(this.rules, t, n, r).join(\"\"), \"\"),\n      s = this.componentId + e;\n    n.insertRules(s, s, o);\n  }, t.removeStyles = function (e, t) {\n    t.clearRules(this.componentId + e);\n  }, t.renderStyles = function (e, t, n, r) {\n    e > 2 && Z.registerId(this.componentId + e), this.removeStyles(e, n), this.createStyles(e, t, n, r);\n  }, e;\n}();\nfunction We(e) {\n  for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t > 1 ? t - 1 : 0), o = 1; o < t; o++) {\n    n[o - 1] = arguments[o];\n  }\n  var i = Ce.apply(void 0, [e].concat(n)),\n    a = \"sc-global-\" + xe(JSON.stringify(i)),\n    u = new $e(i, a);\n  function l(e) {\n    var t = fe(),\n      n = me(),\n      o = s(Ge),\n      l = c(t.allocateGSInstance(a)).current;\n    return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && r.Children.count(e.children) && console.warn(\"The global style component \" + a + \" was given child JSX. createGlobalStyle does not render children.\"), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && i.some(function (e) {\n      return \"string\" == typeof e && -1 !== e.indexOf(\"@import\");\n    }) && console.warn(\"Please do not use @import CSS syntax in createGlobalStyle at this time, as the CSSOM APIs we use in production do not handle it well. Instead, we recommend using a library such as react-helmet to inject a typical <link> meta tag to the stylesheet, or simply embedding it manually in your index.html <head> section for a simpler app.\"), t.server && h(l, e, t, o, n), d(function () {\n      if (!t.server) return h(l, e, t, o, n), function () {\n        return u.removeStyles(l, t);\n      };\n    }, [l, e, t, o, n]), null;\n  }\n  function h(e, t, n, r, o) {\n    if (u.isStatic) u.renderStyles(e, O, n, o);else {\n      var s = v({}, t, {\n        theme: Re(t, r, l.defaultProps)\n      });\n      u.renderStyles(e, s, n, o);\n    }\n  }\n  return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && Oe(a), r.memo(l);\n}\nfunction Ue(e) {\n  \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof navigator && \"ReactNative\" === navigator.product && console.warn(\"`keyframes` cannot be used on ReactNative, only on the web. To do animation in ReactNative please use Animated.\");\n  for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t > 1 ? t - 1 : 0), r = 1; r < t; r++) {\n    n[r - 1] = arguments[r];\n  }\n  var o = Ce.apply(void 0, [e].concat(n)).join(\"\"),\n    s = xe(o);\n  return new ve(s, o);\n}\nvar Je = function () {\n    function e() {\n      var e = this;\n      this._emitSheetCSS = function () {\n        var t = e.instance.toString();\n        if (!t) return \"\";\n        var n = q();\n        return \"<style \" + [n && 'nonce=\"' + n + '\"', A + '=\"true\"', 'data-styled-version=\"5.3.6\"'].filter(Boolean).join(\" \") + \">\" + t + \"</style>\";\n      }, this.getStyleTags = function () {\n        return e.sealed ? j(2) : e._emitSheetCSS();\n      }, this.getStyleElement = function () {\n        var t;\n        if (e.sealed) return j(2);\n        var n = ((t = {})[A] = \"\", t[\"data-styled-version\"] = \"5.3.6\", t.dangerouslySetInnerHTML = {\n            __html: e.instance.toString()\n          }, t),\n          o = q();\n        return o && (n.nonce = o), [r.createElement(\"style\", v({}, n, {\n          key: \"sc-0-0\"\n        }))];\n      }, this.seal = function () {\n        e.sealed = !0;\n      }, this.instance = new Z({\n        isServer: !0\n      }), this.sealed = !1;\n    }\n    var t = e.prototype;\n    return t.collectStyles = function (e) {\n      return this.sealed ? j(2) : r.createElement(ye, {\n        sheet: this.instance\n      }, e);\n    }, t.interleaveWithNodeStream = function (e) {\n      return j(3);\n    }, e;\n  }(),\n  Xe = function Xe(e) {\n    var t = r.forwardRef(function (t, n) {\n      var o = s(Ge),\n        i = e.defaultProps,\n        a = Re(t, o, i);\n      return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && void 0 === a && console.warn('[withTheme] You are not using a ThemeProvider nor passing a theme prop or a theme in defaultProps in component class \"' + _(e) + '\"'), r.createElement(e, v({}, t, {\n        theme: a,\n        ref: n\n      }));\n    });\n    return y(t, e), t.displayName = \"WithTheme(\" + _(e) + \")\", t;\n  },\n  Ze = function Ze() {\n    return s(Ge);\n  },\n  Ke = {\n    StyleSheet: Z,\n    masterSheet: he\n  };\n\"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof navigator && \"ReactNative\" === navigator.product && console.warn(\"It looks like you've imported 'styled-components' on React Native.\\nPerhaps you're looking to import 'styled-components/native'?\\nRead more about this at https://www.styled-components.com/docs/basics#react-native\"), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"test\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof window && (window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] = window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] || 0, 1 === window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] && console.warn(\"It looks like there are several instances of 'styled-components' initialized in this application. This may cause dynamic styles to not render properly, errors during the rehydration process, a missing theme prop, and makes your application bigger without good reason.\\n\\nSee https://s-c.sh/2BAXzed for more info.\"), window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] += 1);\nexport default He;\nexport { Je as ServerStyleSheet, le as StyleSheetConsumer, ue as StyleSheetContext, ye as StyleSheetManager, Le as ThemeConsumer, Ge as ThemeContext, Fe as ThemeProvider, Ke as __PRIVATE__, We as createGlobalStyle, Ce as css, N as isStyledComponent, Ue as keyframes, Ze as useTheme, C as version, Xe as withTheme };","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _tmcClient = require('./tmc-client');\nvar _tmcClient2 = _interopRequireDefault(_tmcClient);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\ntry {\n  /* eslint-disable global-require */\n  require('fetch-polyfill');\n  require('babel-polyfill');\n  /* eslint-enable global-require */\n} catch (e) {}\nexports.default = _tmcClient2.default;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nvar _api = require('./utils/api');\nvar _api2 = _interopRequireDefault(_api);\nvar _userStore = require('./utils/user-store');\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nvar TmcClient = function () {\n  function TmcClient(clientId, clientSecret) {\n    var oAuthSite = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 'https://tmc.mooc.fi';\n    _classCallCheck(this, TmcClient);\n    this.clientId = clientId;\n    this.clientSecret = clientSecret;\n    this.api = new _api2.default(oAuthSite);\n  }\n  _createClass(TmcClient, [{\n    key: 'authenticate',\n    value: function authenticate(_ref) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var username = _ref.username;\n      var password = _ref.password;\n      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n        var body = ['client_id=' + _this.clientId, 'client_secret=' + _this.clientSecret, 'username=' + encodeURIComponent(username), 'password=' + encodeURIComponent(password), 'grant_type=password'].join('&');\n        var options = {\n          headers: {\n            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n          },\n          body: body\n        };\n        _this.api.post('/oauth/token', options).then(function (response) {\n          return response.json();\n        }).then(function (response) {\n          var user = {\n            username: username,\n            accessToken: response.access_token\n          };\n          if (username.indexOf('@') !== -1) {\n            _this.api.get('/api/v8/users/current', {\n              accessToken: response.access_token\n            }).then(function (res) {\n              return res.json();\n            }).then(function (details) {\n              user.username = details.username;\n              (0, _userStore.setUser)(user);\n              resolve(user);\n            });\n          } else {\n            (0, _userStore.setUser)(user);\n            resolve(user);\n          }\n        }).catch(reject);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'unauthenticate',\n    value: function unauthenticate() {\n      (0, _userStore.removeUser)();\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'getUser',\n    value: function getUser() {\n      return (0, _userStore.getUser)();\n    }\n  }]);\n  return TmcClient;\n}();\nexports.default = TmcClient;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nvar _userStore = require('./user-store');\nvar _fetchPonyfill2 = require('fetch-ponyfill');\nvar _fetchPonyfill3 = _interopRequireDefault(_fetchPonyfill2);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nvar _fetchPonyfill = (0, _fetchPonyfill3.default)();\nvar fetch = _fetchPonyfill.fetch;\nvar Request = _fetchPonyfill.Request;\nvar Api = function () {\n  function Api(oAuthSite) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Api);\n    this.oauthSite = oAuthSite;\n  }\n  _createClass(Api, [{\n    key: 'request',\n    value: function request(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      var headers = options.headers || {};\n      var user = (0, _userStore.getUser)();\n      if (user && user.accessToken || options.accessToken) {\n        var token = void 0;\n        if (user && user.accessToken) {\n          token = user.accessToken;\n        } else {\n          token = options.accessToken;\n        }\n        headers = Object.assign({\n          authorization: 'Bearer ' + token,\n          'Content-Type': 'application/json'\n        }, headers);\n      }\n      return fetch(new Request('' + this.oauthSite + path, Object.assign({\n        mode: 'cors'\n      }, options, {\n        headers: headers\n      }))).then(function (response) {\n        return response.ok ? Promise.resolve(response) : Promise.reject(response);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'post',\n    value: function post(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      return this.request(path, Object.assign({}, options, {\n        method: 'POST'\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'get',\n    value: function get(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      return this.request(path, Object.assign({}, options, {\n        method: 'GET'\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Api;\n}();\nexports.default = Api;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.getUser = getUser;\nexports.setUser = setUser;\nexports.removeUser = removeUser;\nvar _store = require('store');\nvar _store2 = _interopRequireDefault(_store);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction getUser() {\n  return _store2.default.get('tmc.user');\n}\nfunction setUser(user) {\n  _store2.default.set('tmc.user', user);\n}\nfunction removeUser() {\n  _store2.default.remove('tmc.user');\n}","(function (self) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  function fetchPonyfill(options) {\n    var Promise = options && options.Promise || self.Promise;\n    var XMLHttpRequest = options && options.XMLHttpRequest || self.XMLHttpRequest;\n    var global = self;\n    return function () {\n      var self = Object.create(global, {\n        fetch: {\n          value: undefined,\n          writable: true\n        }\n      });\n      (function (self) {\n        'use strict';\n\n        if (self.fetch) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var support = {\n          searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in self,\n          iterable: 'Symbol' in self && 'iterator' in Symbol,\n          blob: 'FileReader' in self && 'Blob' in self && function () {\n            try {\n              new Blob();\n              return true;\n            } catch (e) {\n              return false;\n            }\n          }(),\n          formData: 'FormData' in self,\n          arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in self\n        };\n        if (support.arrayBuffer) {\n          var viewClasses = ['[object Int8Array]', '[object Uint8Array]', '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', '[object Int16Array]', '[object Uint16Array]', '[object Int32Array]', '[object Uint32Array]', '[object Float32Array]', '[object Float64Array]'];\n          var isDataView = function isDataView(obj) {\n            return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj);\n          };\n          var isArrayBufferView = ArrayBuffer.isView || function (obj) {\n            return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1;\n          };\n        }\n        function normalizeName(name) {\n          if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n            name = String(name);\n          }\n          if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.\\^_`|~]/i.test(name)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n          }\n          return name.toLowerCase();\n        }\n        function normalizeValue(value) {\n          if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n            value = String(value);\n          }\n          return value;\n        }\n\n        // Build a destructive iterator for the value list\n        function iteratorFor(items) {\n          var iterator = {\n            next: function next() {\n              var value = items.shift();\n              return {\n                done: value === undefined,\n                value: value\n              };\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.iterable) {\n            iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function () {\n              return iterator;\n            };\n          }\n          return iterator;\n        }\n        function Headers(headers) {\n          this.map = {};\n          if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n            headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              this.append(name, value);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {\n            headers.forEach(function (header) {\n              this.append(header[0], header[1]);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (headers) {\n            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n              this.append(name, headers[name]);\n            }, this);\n          }\n        }\n        Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          value = normalizeValue(value);\n          var oldValue = this.map[name];\n          this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ',' + value : value;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n          delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n          return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n          this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {\n          for (var name in this.map) {\n            if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\n              callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);\n            }\n          }\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.keys = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push(name);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.values = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value) {\n            items.push(value);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.entries = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push([name, value]);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        if (support.iterable) {\n          Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;\n        }\n        function consumed(body) {\n          if (body.bodyUsed) {\n            return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n          }\n          body.bodyUsed = true;\n        }\n        function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            reader.onload = function () {\n              resolve(reader.result);\n            };\n            reader.onerror = function () {\n              reject(reader.error);\n            };\n          });\n        }\n        function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsText(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {\n          var view = new Uint8Array(buf);\n          var chars = new Array(view.length);\n          for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {\n            chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);\n          }\n          return chars.join('');\n        }\n        function bufferClone(buf) {\n          if (buf.slice) {\n            return buf.slice(0);\n          } else {\n            var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);\n            view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));\n            return view.buffer;\n          }\n        }\n        function Body() {\n          this.bodyUsed = false;\n          this._initBody = function (body) {\n            this._bodyInit = body;\n            if (!body) {\n              this._bodyText = '';\n            } else if (typeof body === 'string') {\n              this._bodyText = body;\n            } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyBlob = body;\n            } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyFormData = body;\n            } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyText = body.toString();\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer);\n              // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.\n              this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);\n            } else {\n              throw new Error('unsupported BodyInit type');\n            }\n            if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {\n              if (typeof body === 'string') {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');\n              } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);\n              } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');\n              }\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.blob) {\n            this.blob = function () {\n              var rejected = consumed(this);\n              if (rejected) {\n                return rejected;\n              }\n              if (this._bodyBlob) {\n                return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n              } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]));\n              } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n                throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n              } else {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n              }\n            };\n            this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n              if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return consumed(this) || Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer);\n              } else {\n                return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n              }\n            };\n          }\n          this.text = function () {\n            var rejected = consumed(this);\n            if (rejected) {\n              return rejected;\n            }\n            if (this._bodyBlob) {\n              return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n            } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n              return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer));\n            } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n              throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n            } else {\n              return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.formData) {\n            this.formData = function () {\n              return this.text().then(decode);\n            };\n          }\n          this.json = function () {\n            return this.text().then(JSON.parse);\n          };\n          return this;\n        }\n\n        // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n        var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n        function normalizeMethod(method) {\n          var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n          return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n        }\n        function Request(input, options) {\n          options = options || {};\n          var body = options.body;\n          if (input instanceof Request) {\n            if (input.bodyUsed) {\n              throw new TypeError('Already read');\n            }\n            this.url = input.url;\n            this.credentials = input.credentials;\n            if (!options.headers) {\n              this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);\n            }\n            this.method = input.method;\n            this.mode = input.mode;\n            if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {\n              body = input._bodyInit;\n              input.bodyUsed = true;\n            }\n          } else {\n            this.url = String(input);\n          }\n          this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'omit';\n          if (options.headers || !this.headers) {\n            this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          }\n          this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');\n          this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;\n          this.referrer = null;\n          if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {\n            throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n          }\n          this._initBody(body);\n        }\n        Request.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Request(this, {\n            body: this._bodyInit\n          });\n        };\n        function decode(body) {\n          var form = new FormData();\n          body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n            if (bytes) {\n              var split = bytes.split('=');\n              var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n            }\n          });\n          return form;\n        }\n        function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {\n          var headers = new Headers();\n          // Replace instances of \\r\\n and \\n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space\n          // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2\n          var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\\r?\\n[\\t ]+/g, ' ');\n          preProcessedHeaders.split(/\\r?\\n/).forEach(function (line) {\n            var parts = line.split(':');\n            var key = parts.shift().trim();\n            if (key) {\n              var value = parts.join(':').trim();\n              headers.append(key, value);\n            }\n          });\n          return headers;\n        }\n        Body.call(Request.prototype);\n        function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n          if (!options) {\n            options = {};\n          }\n          this.type = 'default';\n          this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;\n          this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n          this.statusText = 'statusText' in options ? options.statusText : 'OK';\n          this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          this.url = options.url || '';\n          this._initBody(bodyInit);\n        }\n        Body.call(Response.prototype);\n        Response.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Response(this._bodyInit, {\n            status: this.status,\n            statusText: this.statusText,\n            headers: new Headers(this.headers),\n            url: this.url\n          });\n        };\n        Response.error = function () {\n          var response = new Response(null, {\n            status: 0,\n            statusText: ''\n          });\n          response.type = 'error';\n          return response;\n        };\n        var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];\n        Response.redirect = function (url, status) {\n          if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {\n            throw new RangeError('Invalid status code');\n          }\n          return new Response(null, {\n            status: status,\n            headers: {\n              location: url\n            }\n          });\n        };\n        self.Headers = Headers;\n        self.Request = Request;\n        self.Response = Response;\n        self.fetch = function (input, init) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            var request = new Request(input, init);\n            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\n            xhr.onload = function () {\n              var options = {\n                status: xhr.status,\n                statusText: xhr.statusText,\n                headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')\n              };\n              options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');\n              var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n              resolve(new Response(body, options));\n            };\n            xhr.onerror = function () {\n              reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n            };\n            xhr.ontimeout = function () {\n              reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n            };\n            xhr.open(request.method, request.url, true);\n            if (request.credentials === 'include') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = true;\n            } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = false;\n            }\n            if ('responseType' in xhr && support.blob) {\n              xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n            }\n            request.headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n            });\n            xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n          });\n        };\n        self.fetch.polyfill = true;\n      })(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : this);\n      return {\n        fetch: self.fetch,\n        Headers: self.Headers,\n        Request: self.Request,\n        Response: self.Response\n      };\n    }();\n  }\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return fetchPonyfill;\n    });\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    module.exports = fetchPonyfill;\n  } else {\n    self.fetchPonyfill = fetchPonyfill;\n  }\n})(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this);","\"use strict\"\n// Module export pattern from\n// https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js\n;\n\n(function (root, factory) {\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.\n    define([], factory);\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    // Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but\n    // only CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports,\n    // like Node.\n    module.exports = factory();\n  } else {\n    // Browser globals (root is window)\n    root.store = factory();\n  }\n})(this, function () {\n  // Store.js\n  var store = {},\n    win = typeof window != 'undefined' ? window : global,\n    doc = win.document,\n    localStorageName = 'localStorage',\n    scriptTag = 'script',\n    storage;\n  store.disabled = false;\n  store.version = '1.3.20';\n  store.set = function (key, value) {};\n  store.get = function (key, defaultVal) {};\n  store.has = function (key) {\n    return store.get(key) !== undefined;\n  };\n  store.remove = function (key) {};\n  store.clear = function () {};\n  store.transact = function (key, defaultVal, transactionFn) {\n    if (transactionFn == null) {\n      transactionFn = defaultVal;\n      defaultVal = null;\n    }\n    if (defaultVal == null) {\n      defaultVal = {};\n    }\n    var val = store.get(key, defaultVal);\n    transactionFn(val);\n    store.set(key, val);\n  };\n  store.getAll = function () {};\n  store.forEach = function () {};\n  store.serialize = function (value) {\n    return JSON.stringify(value);\n  };\n  store.deserialize = function (value) {\n    if (typeof value != 'string') {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    try {\n      return JSON.parse(value);\n    } catch (e) {\n      return value || undefined;\n    }\n  };\n\n  // Functions to encapsulate questionable FireFox 3.6.13 behavior\n  // when about.config::dom.storage.enabled === false\n  // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues#issue/13\n  function isLocalStorageNameSupported() {\n    try {\n      return localStorageName in win && win[localStorageName];\n    } catch (err) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  if (isLocalStorageNameSupported()) {\n    storage = win[localStorageName];\n    store.set = function (key, val) {\n      if (val === undefined) {\n        return store.remove(key);\n      }\n      storage.setItem(key, store.serialize(val));\n      return val;\n    };\n    store.get = function (key, defaultVal) {\n      var val = store.deserialize(storage.getItem(key));\n      return val === undefined ? defaultVal : val;\n    };\n    store.remove = function (key) {\n      storage.removeItem(key);\n    };\n    store.clear = function () {\n      storage.clear();\n    };\n    store.getAll = function () {\n      var ret = {};\n      store.forEach(function (key, val) {\n        ret[key] = val;\n      });\n      return ret;\n    };\n    store.forEach = function (callback) {\n      for (var i = 0; i < storage.length; i++) {\n        var key = storage.key(i);\n        callback(key, store.get(key));\n      }\n    };\n  } else if (doc && doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {\n    var storageOwner, storageContainer;\n    // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to\n    // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico\n    // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to\n    // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an\n    // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object\n    // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)\n    // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and\n    // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This\n    // document can be used instead of the current document (which would\n    // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.\n    try {\n      storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n      storageContainer.open();\n      storageContainer.write('<' + scriptTag + '>document.w=window</' + scriptTag + '><iframe src=\"/favicon.ico\"></iframe>');\n      storageContainer.close();\n      storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;\n      storage = storageOwner.createElement('div');\n    } catch (e) {\n      // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special\n      // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage\n      storage = doc.createElement('div');\n      storageOwner = doc.body;\n    }\n    var withIEStorage = function withIEStorage(storeFunction) {\n      return function () {\n        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);\n        args.unshift(storage);\n        // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx\n        // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx\n        storageOwner.appendChild(storage);\n        storage.addBehavior('#default#userData');\n        storage.load(localStorageName);\n        var result = storeFunction.apply(store, args);\n        storageOwner.removeChild(storage);\n        return result;\n      };\n    };\n\n    // In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.\n    // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40\n    // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83\n    var forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp(\"[!\\\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\\\\\:;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|}~]\", \"g\");\n    var ieKeyFix = function ieKeyFix(key) {\n      return key.replace(/^d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___');\n    };\n    store.set = withIEStorage(function (storage, key, val) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      if (val === undefined) {\n        return store.remove(key);\n      }\n      storage.setAttribute(key, store.serialize(val));\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n      return val;\n    });\n    store.get = withIEStorage(function (storage, key, defaultVal) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      var val = store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(key));\n      return val === undefined ? defaultVal : val;\n    });\n    store.remove = withIEStorage(function (storage, key) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      storage.removeAttribute(key);\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n    });\n    store.clear = withIEStorage(function (storage) {\n      var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n      storage.load(localStorageName);\n      for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        storage.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);\n      }\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n    });\n    store.getAll = function (storage) {\n      var ret = {};\n      store.forEach(function (key, val) {\n        ret[key] = val;\n      });\n      return ret;\n    };\n    store.forEach = withIEStorage(function (storage, callback) {\n      var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n      for (var i = 0, attr; attr = attributes[i]; ++i) {\n        callback(attr.name, store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(attr.name)));\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  try {\n    var testKey = '__storejs__';\n    store.set(testKey, testKey);\n    if (store.get(testKey) != testKey) {\n      store.disabled = true;\n    }\n    store.remove(testKey);\n  } catch (e) {\n    store.disabled = true;\n  }\n  store.enabled = !store.disabled;\n  return store;\n});","var randomUUID = typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.randomUUID && crypto.randomUUID.bind(crypto);\nexport default {\n  randomUUID: randomUUID\n};","// Unique ID creation requires a high quality random # generator. In the browser we therefore\n// require the crypto API and do not support built-in fallback to lower quality random number\n// generators (like Math.random()).\nvar getRandomValues;\nvar rnds8 = new Uint8Array(16);\nexport default function rng() {\n  // lazy load so that environments that need to polyfill have a chance to do so\n  if (!getRandomValues) {\n    // getRandomValues needs to be invoked in a context where \"this\" is a Crypto implementation.\n    getRandomValues = typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.getRandomValues && crypto.getRandomValues.bind(crypto);\n    if (!getRandomValues) {\n      throw new Error('crypto.getRandomValues() not supported. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid#getrandomvalues-not-supported');\n    }\n  }\n  return getRandomValues(rnds8);\n}","import validate from './validate.js';\n/**\n * Convert array of 16 byte values to UUID string format of the form:\n * XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX\n */\n\nvar byteToHex = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {\n  byteToHex.push((i + 0x100).toString(16).slice(1));\n}\nexport function unsafeStringify(arr) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  // Note: Be careful editing this code!  It's been tuned for performance\n  // and works in ways you may not expect. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid/pull/434\n  return (byteToHex[arr[offset + 0]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 1]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 2]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 3]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 4]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 5]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 6]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 7]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 8]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 9]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 10]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 11]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 12]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 13]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 14]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 15]]).toLowerCase();\n}\nfunction stringify(arr) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  var uuid = unsafeStringify(arr, offset); // Consistency check for valid UUID.  If this throws, it's likely due to one\n  // of the following:\n  // - One or more input array values don't map to a hex octet (leading to\n  // \"undefined\" in the uuid)\n  // - Invalid input values for the RFC `version` or `variant` fields\n\n  if (!validate(uuid)) {\n    throw TypeError('Stringified UUID is invalid');\n  }\n  return uuid;\n}\nexport default stringify;","import native from './native.js';\nimport rng from './rng.js';\nimport { unsafeStringify } from './stringify.js';\nfunction v4(options, buf, offset) {\n  if (native.randomUUID && !buf && !options) {\n    return native.randomUUID();\n  }\n  options = options || {};\n  var rnds = options.random || (options.rng || rng)(); // Per 4.4, set bits for version and `clock_seq_hi_and_reserved`\n\n  rnds[6] = rnds[6] & 0x0f | 0x40;\n  rnds[8] = rnds[8] & 0x3f | 0x80; // Copy bytes to buffer, if provided\n\n  if (buf) {\n    offset = offset || 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {\n      buf[offset + i] = rnds[i];\n    }\n    return buf;\n  }\n  return unsafeStringify(rnds);\n}\nexport default v4;","require('../../modules/core.regexp.escape');\nmodule.exports = require('../../modules/_core').RegExp.escape;\n","module.exports = function (it) {\n  if (typeof it != 'function') throw TypeError(it + ' is not a function!');\n  return it;\n};\n","var cof = require('./_cof');\nmodule.exports = function (it, msg) {\n  if (typeof it != 'number' && cof(it) != 'Number') throw TypeError(msg);\n  return +it;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.31 Array.prototype[@@unscopables]\nvar UNSCOPABLES = require('./_wks')('unscopables');\nvar ArrayProto = Array.prototype;\nif (ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES] == undefined) require('./_hide')(ArrayProto, UNSCOPABLES, {});\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES][key] = true;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar at = require('./_string-at')(true);\n\n // `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex\nmodule.exports = function (S, index, unicode) {\n  return index + (unicode ? at(S, index).length : 1);\n};\n","module.exports = function (it, Constructor, name, forbiddenField) {\n  if (!(it instanceof Constructor) || (forbiddenField !== undefined && forbiddenField in it)) {\n    throw TypeError(name + ': incorrect invocation!');\n  } return it;\n};\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (!isObject(it)) throw TypeError(it + ' is not an object!');\n  return it;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)\n'use strict';\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\nmodule.exports = [].copyWithin || function copyWithin(target /* = 0 */, start /* = 0, end = @length */) {\n  var O = toObject(this);\n  var len = toLength(O.length);\n  var to = toAbsoluteIndex(target, len);\n  var from = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);\n  var end = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var count = Math.min((end === undefined ? len : toAbsoluteIndex(end, len)) - from, len - to);\n  var inc = 1;\n  if (from < to && to < from + count) {\n    inc = -1;\n    from += count - 1;\n    to += count - 1;\n  }\n  while (count-- > 0) {\n    if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];\n    else delete O[to];\n    to += inc;\n    from += inc;\n  } return O;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)\n'use strict';\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nmodule.exports = function fill(value /* , start = 0, end = @length */) {\n  var O = toObject(this);\n  var length = toLength(O.length);\n  var aLen = arguments.length;\n  var index = toAbsoluteIndex(aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, length);\n  var end = aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var endPos = end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length);\n  while (endPos > index) O[index++] = value;\n  return O;\n};\n","var forOf = require('./_for-of');\n\nmodule.exports = function (iter, ITERATOR) {\n  var result = [];\n  forOf(iter, false, result.push, result, ITERATOR);\n  return result;\n};\n","// false -> Array#indexOf\n// true  -> Array#includes\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nmodule.exports = function (IS_INCLUDES) {\n  return function ($this, el, fromIndex) {\n    var O = toIObject($this);\n    var length = toLength(O.length);\n    var index = toAbsoluteIndex(fromIndex, length);\n    var value;\n    // Array#includes uses SameValueZero equality algorithm\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    if (IS_INCLUDES && el != el) while (length > index) {\n      value = O[index++];\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      if (value != value) return true;\n    // Array#indexOf ignores holes, Array#includes - not\n    } else for (;length > index; index++) if (IS_INCLUDES || index in O) {\n      if (O[index] === el) return IS_INCLUDES || index || 0;\n    } return !IS_INCLUDES && -1;\n  };\n};\n","// 0 -> Array#forEach\n// 1 -> Array#map\n// 2 -> Array#filter\n// 3 -> Array#some\n// 4 -> Array#every\n// 5 -> Array#find\n// 6 -> Array#findIndex\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar asc = require('./_array-species-create');\nmodule.exports = function (TYPE, $create) {\n  var IS_MAP = TYPE == 1;\n  var IS_FILTER = TYPE == 2;\n  var IS_SOME = TYPE == 3;\n  var IS_EVERY = TYPE == 4;\n  var IS_FIND_INDEX = TYPE == 6;\n  var NO_HOLES = TYPE == 5 || IS_FIND_INDEX;\n  var create = $create || asc;\n  return function ($this, callbackfn, that) {\n    var O = toObject($this);\n    var self = IObject(O);\n    var f = ctx(callbackfn, that, 3);\n    var length = toLength(self.length);\n    var index = 0;\n    var result = IS_MAP ? create($this, length) : IS_FILTER ? create($this, 0) : undefined;\n    var val, res;\n    for (;length > index; index++) if (NO_HOLES || index in self) {\n      val = self[index];\n      res = f(val, index, O);\n      if (TYPE) {\n        if (IS_MAP) result[index] = res;   // map\n        else if (res) switch (TYPE) {\n          case 3: return true;             // some\n          case 5: return val;              // find\n          case 6: return index;            // findIndex\n          case 2: result.push(val);        // filter\n        } else if (IS_EVERY) return false; // every\n      }\n    }\n    return IS_FIND_INDEX ? -1 : IS_SOME || IS_EVERY ? IS_EVERY : result;\n  };\n};\n","var aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, callbackfn, aLen, memo, isRight) {\n  aFunction(callbackfn);\n  var O = toObject(that);\n  var self = IObject(O);\n  var length = toLength(O.length);\n  var index = isRight ? length - 1 : 0;\n  var i = isRight ? -1 : 1;\n  if (aLen < 2) for (;;) {\n    if (index in self) {\n      memo = self[index];\n      index += i;\n      break;\n    }\n    index += i;\n    if (isRight ? index < 0 : length <= index) {\n      throw TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value');\n    }\n  }\n  for (;isRight ? index >= 0 : length > index; index += i) if (index in self) {\n    memo = callbackfn(memo, self[index], index, O);\n  }\n  return memo;\n};\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\n\nmodule.exports = function (original) {\n  var C;\n  if (isArray(original)) {\n    C = original.constructor;\n    // cross-realm fallback\n    if (typeof C == 'function' && (C === Array || isArray(C.prototype))) C = undefined;\n    if (isObject(C)) {\n      C = C[SPECIES];\n      if (C === null) C = undefined;\n    }\n  } return C === undefined ? Array : C;\n};\n","// 9.4.2.3 ArraySpeciesCreate(originalArray, length)\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_array-species-constructor');\n\nmodule.exports = function (original, length) {\n  return new (speciesConstructor(original))(length);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar invoke = require('./_invoke');\nvar arraySlice = [].slice;\nvar factories = {};\n\nvar construct = function (F, len, args) {\n  if (!(len in factories)) {\n    for (var n = [], i = 0; i < len; i++) n[i] = 'a[' + i + ']';\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n    factories[len] = Function('F,a', 'return new F(' + n.join(',') + ')');\n  } return factories[len](F, args);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Function.bind || function bind(that /* , ...args */) {\n  var fn = aFunction(this);\n  var partArgs = arraySlice.call(arguments, 1);\n  var bound = function (/* args... */) {\n    var args = partArgs.concat(arraySlice.call(arguments));\n    return this instanceof bound ? construct(fn, args.length, args) : invoke(fn, args, that);\n  };\n  if (isObject(fn.prototype)) bound.prototype = fn.prototype;\n  return bound;\n};\n","// getting tag from 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar TAG = require('./_wks')('toStringTag');\n// ES3 wrong here\nvar ARG = cof(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';\n\n// fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error\nvar tryGet = function (it, key) {\n  try {\n    return it[key];\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var O, T, B;\n  return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'\n    // @@toStringTag case\n    : typeof (T = tryGet(O = Object(it), TAG)) == 'string' ? T\n    // builtinTag case\n    : ARG ? cof(O)\n    // ES3 arguments fallback\n    : (B = cof(O)) == 'Object' && typeof O.callee == 'function' ? 'Arguments' : B;\n};\n","var toString = {}.toString;\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return toString.call(it).slice(8, -1);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar $iterDefine = require('./_iter-define');\nvar step = require('./_iter-step');\nvar setSpecies = require('./_set-species');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar fastKey = require('./_meta').fastKey;\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar SIZE = DESCRIPTORS ? '_s' : 'size';\n\nvar getEntry = function (that, key) {\n  // fast case\n  var index = fastKey(key);\n  var entry;\n  if (index !== 'F') return that._i[index];\n  // frozen object case\n  for (entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {\n    if (entry.k == key) return entry;\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {\n    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {\n      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');\n      that._t = NAME;         // collection type\n      that._i = create(null); // index\n      that._f = undefined;    // first entry\n      that._l = undefined;    // last entry\n      that[SIZE] = 0;         // size\n      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n    });\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, {\n      // 23.1.3.1 Map.prototype.clear()\n      // 23.2.3.2 Set.prototype.clear()\n      clear: function clear() {\n        for (var that = validate(this, NAME), data = that._i, entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {\n          entry.r = true;\n          if (entry.p) entry.p = entry.p.n = undefined;\n          delete data[entry.i];\n        }\n        that._f = that._l = undefined;\n        that[SIZE] = 0;\n      },\n      // 23.1.3.3 Map.prototype.delete(key)\n      // 23.2.3.4 Set.prototype.delete(value)\n      'delete': function (key) {\n        var that = validate(this, NAME);\n        var entry = getEntry(that, key);\n        if (entry) {\n          var next = entry.n;\n          var prev = entry.p;\n          delete that._i[entry.i];\n          entry.r = true;\n          if (prev) prev.n = next;\n          if (next) next.p = prev;\n          if (that._f == entry) that._f = next;\n          if (that._l == entry) that._l = prev;\n          that[SIZE]--;\n        } return !!entry;\n      },\n      // 23.2.3.6 Set.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)\n      // 23.1.3.5 Map.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)\n      forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n        validate(this, NAME);\n        var f = ctx(callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 3);\n        var entry;\n        while (entry = entry ? entry.n : this._f) {\n          f(entry.v, entry.k, this);\n          // revert to the last existing entry\n          while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;\n        }\n      },\n      // 23.1.3.7 Map.prototype.has(key)\n      // 23.2.3.7 Set.prototype.has(value)\n      has: function has(key) {\n        return !!getEntry(validate(this, NAME), key);\n      }\n    });\n    if (DESCRIPTORS) dP(C.prototype, 'size', {\n      get: function () {\n        return validate(this, NAME)[SIZE];\n      }\n    });\n    return C;\n  },\n  def: function (that, key, value) {\n    var entry = getEntry(that, key);\n    var prev, index;\n    // change existing entry\n    if (entry) {\n      entry.v = value;\n    // create new entry\n    } else {\n      that._l = entry = {\n        i: index = fastKey(key, true), // <- index\n        k: key,                        // <- key\n        v: value,                      // <- value\n        p: prev = that._l,             // <- previous entry\n        n: undefined,                  // <- next entry\n        r: false                       // <- removed\n      };\n      if (!that._f) that._f = entry;\n      if (prev) prev.n = entry;\n      that[SIZE]++;\n      // add to index\n      if (index !== 'F') that._i[index] = entry;\n    } return that;\n  },\n  getEntry: getEntry,\n  setStrong: function (C, NAME, IS_MAP) {\n    // add .keys, .values, .entries, [@@iterator]\n    // 23.1.3.4, 23.1.3.8, 23.1.3.11, 23.1.3.12, 23.2.3.5, 23.2.3.8, 23.2.3.10, 23.2.3.11\n    $iterDefine(C, NAME, function (iterated, kind) {\n      this._t = validate(iterated, NAME); // target\n      this._k = kind;                     // kind\n      this._l = undefined;                // previous\n    }, function () {\n      var that = this;\n      var kind = that._k;\n      var entry = that._l;\n      // revert to the last existing entry\n      while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;\n      // get next entry\n      if (!that._t || !(that._l = entry = entry ? entry.n : that._t._f)) {\n        // or finish the iteration\n        that._t = undefined;\n        return step(1);\n      }\n      // return step by kind\n      if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, entry.k);\n      if (kind == 'values') return step(0, entry.v);\n      return step(0, [entry.k, entry.v]);\n    }, IS_MAP ? 'entries' : 'values', !IS_MAP, true);\n\n    // add [@@species], 23.1.2.2, 23.2.2.2\n    setSpecies(NAME);\n  }\n};\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar from = require('./_array-from-iterable');\nmodule.exports = function (NAME) {\n  return function toJSON() {\n    if (classof(this) != NAME) throw TypeError(NAME + \"#toJSON isn't generic\");\n    return from(this);\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar getWeak = require('./_meta').getWeak;\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar createArrayMethod = require('./_array-methods');\nvar $has = require('./_has');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);\nvar arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);\nvar id = 0;\n\n// fallback for uncaught frozen keys\nvar uncaughtFrozenStore = function (that) {\n  return that._l || (that._l = new UncaughtFrozenStore());\n};\nvar UncaughtFrozenStore = function () {\n  this.a = [];\n};\nvar findUncaughtFrozen = function (store, key) {\n  return arrayFind(store.a, function (it) {\n    return it[0] === key;\n  });\n};\nUncaughtFrozenStore.prototype = {\n  get: function (key) {\n    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n    if (entry) return entry[1];\n  },\n  has: function (key) {\n    return !!findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n  },\n  set: function (key, value) {\n    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n    if (entry) entry[1] = value;\n    else this.a.push([key, value]);\n  },\n  'delete': function (key) {\n    var index = arrayFindIndex(this.a, function (it) {\n      return it[0] === key;\n    });\n    if (~index) this.a.splice(index, 1);\n    return !!~index;\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {\n    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {\n      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');\n      that._t = NAME;      // collection type\n      that._i = id++;      // collection id\n      that._l = undefined; // leak store for uncaught frozen objects\n      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n    });\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, {\n      // 23.3.3.2 WeakMap.prototype.delete(key)\n      // 23.4.3.3 WeakSet.prototype.delete(value)\n      'delete': function (key) {\n        if (!isObject(key)) return false;\n        var data = getWeak(key);\n        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME))['delete'](key);\n        return data && $has(data, this._i) && delete data[this._i];\n      },\n      // 23.3.3.4 WeakMap.prototype.has(key)\n      // 23.4.3.4 WeakSet.prototype.has(value)\n      has: function has(key) {\n        if (!isObject(key)) return false;\n        var data = getWeak(key);\n        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME)).has(key);\n        return data && $has(data, this._i);\n      }\n    });\n    return C;\n  },\n  def: function (that, key, value) {\n    var data = getWeak(anObject(key), true);\n    if (data === true) uncaughtFrozenStore(that).set(key, value);\n    else data[that._i] = value;\n    return that;\n  },\n  ufstore: uncaughtFrozenStore\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar meta = require('./_meta');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $iterDetect = require('./_iter-detect');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\n\nmodule.exports = function (NAME, wrapper, methods, common, IS_MAP, IS_WEAK) {\n  var Base = global[NAME];\n  var C = Base;\n  var ADDER = IS_MAP ? 'set' : 'add';\n  var proto = C && C.prototype;\n  var O = {};\n  var fixMethod = function (KEY) {\n    var fn = proto[KEY];\n    redefine(proto, KEY,\n      KEY == 'delete' ? function (a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'has' ? function has(a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'get' ? function get(a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? undefined : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'add' ? function add(a) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a); return this; }\n        : function set(a, b) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a, b); return this; }\n    );\n  };\n  if (typeof C != 'function' || !(IS_WEAK || proto.forEach && !fails(function () {\n    new C().entries().next();\n  }))) {\n    // create collection constructor\n    C = common.getConstructor(wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER);\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, methods);\n    meta.NEED = true;\n  } else {\n    var instance = new C();\n    // early implementations not supports chaining\n    var HASNT_CHAINING = instance[ADDER](IS_WEAK ? {} : -0, 1) != instance;\n    // V8 ~  Chromium 40- weak-collections throws on primitives, but should return false\n    var THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES = fails(function () { instance.has(1); });\n    // most early implementations doesn't supports iterables, most modern - not close it correctly\n    var ACCEPT_ITERABLES = $iterDetect(function (iter) { new C(iter); }); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    // for early implementations -0 and +0 not the same\n    var BUGGY_ZERO = !IS_WEAK && fails(function () {\n      // V8 ~ Chromium 42- fails only with 5+ elements\n      var $instance = new C();\n      var index = 5;\n      while (index--) $instance[ADDER](index, index);\n      return !$instance.has(-0);\n    });\n    if (!ACCEPT_ITERABLES) {\n      C = wrapper(function (target, iterable) {\n        anInstance(target, C, NAME);\n        var that = inheritIfRequired(new Base(), target, C);\n        if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n        return that;\n      });\n      C.prototype = proto;\n      proto.constructor = C;\n    }\n    if (THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES || BUGGY_ZERO) {\n      fixMethod('delete');\n      fixMethod('has');\n      IS_MAP && fixMethod('get');\n    }\n    if (BUGGY_ZERO || HASNT_CHAINING) fixMethod(ADDER);\n    // weak collections should not contains .clear method\n    if (IS_WEAK && proto.clear) delete proto.clear;\n  }\n\n  setToStringTag(C, NAME);\n\n  O[NAME] = C;\n  $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (C != Base), O);\n\n  if (!IS_WEAK) common.setStrong(C, NAME, IS_MAP);\n\n  return C;\n};\n","var core = module.exports = { version: '2.6.12' };\nif (typeof __e == 'number') __e = core; // eslint-disable-line no-undef\n","'use strict';\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\n\nmodule.exports = function (object, index, value) {\n  if (index in object) $defineProperty.f(object, index, createDesc(0, value));\n  else object[index] = value;\n};\n","// optional / simple context binding\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nmodule.exports = function (fn, that, length) {\n  aFunction(fn);\n  if (that === undefined) return fn;\n  switch (length) {\n    case 1: return function (a) {\n      return fn.call(that, a);\n    };\n    case 2: return function (a, b) {\n      return fn.call(that, a, b);\n    };\n    case 3: return function (a, b, c) {\n      return fn.call(that, a, b, c);\n    };\n  }\n  return function (/* ...args */) {\n    return fn.apply(that, arguments);\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar getTime = Date.prototype.getTime;\nvar $toISOString = Date.prototype.toISOString;\n\nvar lz = function (num) {\n  return num > 9 ? num : '0' + num;\n};\n\n// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations\nmodule.exports = (fails(function () {\n  return $toISOString.call(new Date(-5e13 - 1)) != '0385-07-25T07:06:39.999Z';\n}) || !fails(function () {\n  $toISOString.call(new Date(NaN));\n})) ? function toISOString() {\n  if (!isFinite(getTime.call(this))) throw RangeError('Invalid time value');\n  var d = this;\n  var y = d.getUTCFullYear();\n  var m = d.getUTCMilliseconds();\n  var s = y < 0 ? '-' : y > 9999 ? '+' : '';\n  return s + ('00000' + Math.abs(y)).slice(s ? -6 : -4) +\n    '-' + lz(d.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + lz(d.getUTCDate()) +\n    'T' + lz(d.getUTCHours()) + ':' + lz(d.getUTCMinutes()) +\n    ':' + lz(d.getUTCSeconds()) + '.' + (m > 99 ? m : '0' + lz(m)) + 'Z';\n} : $toISOString;\n","'use strict';\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar NUMBER = 'number';\n\nmodule.exports = function (hint) {\n  if (hint !== 'string' && hint !== NUMBER && hint !== 'default') throw TypeError('Incorrect hint');\n  return toPrimitive(anObject(this), hint != NUMBER);\n};\n","// 7.2.1 RequireObjectCoercible(argument)\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (it == undefined) throw TypeError(\"Can't call method on  \" + it);\n  return it;\n};\n","// Thank's IE8 for his funny defineProperty\nmodule.exports = !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return Object.defineProperty({}, 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;\n});\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar document = require('./_global').document;\n// typeof document.createElement is 'object' in old IE\nvar is = isObject(document) && isObject(document.createElement);\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return is ? document.createElement(it) : {};\n};\n","// IE 8- don't enum bug keys\nmodule.exports = (\n  'constructor,hasOwnProperty,isPrototypeOf,propertyIsEnumerable,toLocaleString,toString,valueOf'\n).split(',');\n","// all enumerable object keys, includes symbols\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var result = getKeys(it);\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  if (getSymbols) {\n    var symbols = getSymbols(it);\n    var isEnum = pIE.f;\n    var i = 0;\n    var key;\n    while (symbols.length > i) if (isEnum.call(it, key = symbols[i++])) result.push(key);\n  } return result;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n\nvar $export = function (type, name, source) {\n  var IS_FORCED = type & $export.F;\n  var IS_GLOBAL = type & $export.G;\n  var IS_STATIC = type & $export.S;\n  var IS_PROTO = type & $export.P;\n  var IS_BIND = type & $export.B;\n  var target = IS_GLOBAL ? global : IS_STATIC ? global[name] || (global[name] = {}) : (global[name] || {})[PROTOTYPE];\n  var exports = IS_GLOBAL ? core : core[name] || (core[name] = {});\n  var expProto = exports[PROTOTYPE] || (exports[PROTOTYPE] = {});\n  var key, own, out, exp;\n  if (IS_GLOBAL) source = name;\n  for (key in source) {\n    // contains in native\n    own = !IS_FORCED && target && target[key] !== undefined;\n    // export native or passed\n    out = (own ? target : source)[key];\n    // bind timers to global for call from export context\n    exp = IS_BIND && own ? ctx(out, global) : IS_PROTO && typeof out == 'function' ? ctx(Function.call, out) : out;\n    // extend global\n    if (target) redefine(target, key, out, type & $export.U);\n    // export\n    if (exports[key] != out) hide(exports, key, exp);\n    if (IS_PROTO && expProto[key] != out) expProto[key] = out;\n  }\n};\nglobal.core = core;\n// type bitmap\n$export.F = 1;   // forced\n$export.G = 2;   // global\n$export.S = 4;   // static\n$export.P = 8;   // proto\n$export.B = 16;  // bind\n$export.W = 32;  // wrap\n$export.U = 64;  // safe\n$export.R = 128; // real proto method for `library`\nmodule.exports = $export;\n","var MATCH = require('./_wks')('match');\nmodule.exports = function (KEY) {\n  var re = /./;\n  try {\n    '/./'[KEY](re);\n  } catch (e) {\n    try {\n      re[MATCH] = false;\n      return !'/./'[KEY](re);\n    } catch (f) { /* empty */ }\n  } return true;\n};\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return !!exec();\n  } catch (e) {\n    return true;\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\nrequire('./es6.regexp.exec');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\n\nvar SPECIES = wks('species');\n\nvar REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS = !fails(function () {\n  // #replace needs built-in support for named groups.\n  // #match works fine because it just return the exec results, even if it has\n  // a \"grops\" property.\n  var re = /./;\n  re.exec = function () {\n    var result = [];\n    result.groups = { a: '7' };\n    return result;\n  };\n  return ''.replace(re, '$<a>') !== '7';\n});\n\nvar SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC = (function () {\n  // Chrome 51 has a buggy \"split\" implementation when RegExp#exec !== nativeExec\n  var re = /(?:)/;\n  var originalExec = re.exec;\n  re.exec = function () { return originalExec.apply(this, arguments); };\n  var result = 'ab'.split(re);\n  return result.length === 2 && result[0] === 'a' && result[1] === 'b';\n})();\n\nmodule.exports = function (KEY, length, exec) {\n  var SYMBOL = wks(KEY);\n\n  var DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL = !fails(function () {\n    // String methods call symbol-named RegEp methods\n    var O = {};\n    O[SYMBOL] = function () { return 7; };\n    return ''[KEY](O) != 7;\n  });\n\n  var DELEGATES_TO_EXEC = DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ? !fails(function () {\n    // Symbol-named RegExp methods call .exec\n    var execCalled = false;\n    var re = /a/;\n    re.exec = function () { execCalled = true; return null; };\n    if (KEY === 'split') {\n      // RegExp[@@split] doesn't call the regex's exec method, but first creates\n      // a new one. We need to return the patched regex when creating the new one.\n      re.constructor = {};\n      re.constructor[SPECIES] = function () { return re; };\n    }\n    re[SYMBOL]('');\n    return !execCalled;\n  }) : undefined;\n\n  if (\n    !DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ||\n    !DELEGATES_TO_EXEC ||\n    (KEY === 'replace' && !REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS) ||\n    (KEY === 'split' && !SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC)\n  ) {\n    var nativeRegExpMethod = /./[SYMBOL];\n    var fns = exec(\n      defined,\n      SYMBOL,\n      ''[KEY],\n      function maybeCallNative(nativeMethod, regexp, str, arg2, forceStringMethod) {\n        if (regexp.exec === regexpExec) {\n          if (DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL && !forceStringMethod) {\n            // The native String method already delegates to @@method (this\n            // polyfilled function), leasing to infinite recursion.\n            // We avoid it by directly calling the native @@method method.\n            return { done: true, value: nativeRegExpMethod.call(regexp, str, arg2) };\n          }\n          return { done: true, value: nativeMethod.call(str, regexp, arg2) };\n        }\n        return { done: false };\n      }\n    );\n    var strfn = fns[0];\n    var rxfn = fns[1];\n\n    redefine(String.prototype, KEY, strfn);\n    hide(RegExp.prototype, SYMBOL, length == 2\n      // 21.2.5.8 RegExp.prototype[@@replace](string, replaceValue)\n      // 21.2.5.11 RegExp.prototype[@@split](string, limit)\n      ? function (string, arg) { return rxfn.call(string, this, arg); }\n      // 21.2.5.6 RegExp.prototype[@@match](string)\n      // 21.2.5.9 RegExp.prototype[@@search](string)\n      : function (string) { return rxfn.call(string, this); }\n    );\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var that = anObject(this);\n  var result = '';\n  if (that.global) result += 'g';\n  if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';\n  if (that.multiline) result += 'm';\n  if (that.unicode) result += 'u';\n  if (that.sticky) result += 'y';\n  return result;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-FlattenIntoArray\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE = require('./_wks')('isConcatSpreadable');\n\nfunction flattenIntoArray(target, original, source, sourceLen, start, depth, mapper, thisArg) {\n  var targetIndex = start;\n  var sourceIndex = 0;\n  var mapFn = mapper ? ctx(mapper, thisArg, 3) : false;\n  var element, spreadable;\n\n  while (sourceIndex < sourceLen) {\n    if (sourceIndex in source) {\n      element = mapFn ? mapFn(source[sourceIndex], sourceIndex, original) : source[sourceIndex];\n\n      spreadable = false;\n      if (isObject(element)) {\n        spreadable = element[IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE];\n        spreadable = spreadable !== undefined ? !!spreadable : isArray(element);\n      }\n\n      if (spreadable && depth > 0) {\n        targetIndex = flattenIntoArray(target, original, element, toLength(element.length), targetIndex, depth - 1) - 1;\n      } else {\n        if (targetIndex >= 0x1fffffffffffff) throw TypeError();\n        target[targetIndex] = element;\n      }\n\n      targetIndex++;\n    }\n    sourceIndex++;\n  }\n  return targetIndex;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = flattenIntoArray;\n","var ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar call = require('./_iter-call');\nvar isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\nvar BREAK = {};\nvar RETURN = {};\nvar exports = module.exports = function (iterable, entries, fn, that, ITERATOR) {\n  var iterFn = ITERATOR ? function () { return iterable; } : getIterFn(iterable);\n  var f = ctx(fn, that, entries ? 2 : 1);\n  var index = 0;\n  var length, step, iterator, result;\n  if (typeof iterFn != 'function') throw TypeError(iterable + ' is not iterable!');\n  // fast case for arrays with default iterator\n  if (isArrayIter(iterFn)) for (length = toLength(iterable.length); length > index; index++) {\n    result = entries ? f(anObject(step = iterable[index])[0], step[1]) : f(iterable[index]);\n    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n  } else for (iterator = iterFn.call(iterable); !(step = iterator.next()).done;) {\n    result = call(iterator, f, step.value, entries);\n    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n  }\n};\nexports.BREAK = BREAK;\nexports.RETURN = RETURN;\n","module.exports = require('./_shared')('native-function-to-string', Function.toString);\n","// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/86#issuecomment-115759028\nvar global = module.exports = typeof window != 'undefined' && window.Math == Math\n  ? window : typeof self != 'undefined' && self.Math == Math ? self\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n  : Function('return this')();\nif (typeof __g == 'number') __g = global; // eslint-disable-line no-undef\n","var hasOwnProperty = {}.hasOwnProperty;\nmodule.exports = function (it, key) {\n  return hasOwnProperty.call(it, key);\n};\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nmodule.exports = require('./_descriptors') ? function (object, key, value) {\n  return dP.f(object, key, createDesc(1, value));\n} : function (object, key, value) {\n  object[key] = value;\n  return object;\n};\n","var document = require('./_global').document;\nmodule.exports = document && document.documentElement;\n","module.exports = !require('./_descriptors') && !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return Object.defineProperty(require('./_dom-create')('div'), 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;\n});\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar setPrototypeOf = require('./_set-proto').set;\nmodule.exports = function (that, target, C) {\n  var S = target.constructor;\n  var P;\n  if (S !== C && typeof S == 'function' && (P = S.prototype) !== C.prototype && isObject(P) && setPrototypeOf) {\n    setPrototypeOf(that, P);\n  } return that;\n};\n","// fast apply, http://jsperf.lnkit.com/fast-apply/5\nmodule.exports = function (fn, args, that) {\n  var un = that === undefined;\n  switch (args.length) {\n    case 0: return un ? fn()\n                      : fn.call(that);\n    case 1: return un ? fn(args[0])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0]);\n    case 2: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1]);\n    case 3: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n    case 4: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);\n  } return fn.apply(that, args);\n};\n","// fallback for non-array-like ES3 and non-enumerable old V8 strings\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\nmodule.exports = Object('z').propertyIsEnumerable(0) ? Object : function (it) {\n  return cof(it) == 'String' ? it.split('') : Object(it);\n};\n","// check on default Array iterator\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar ArrayProto = Array.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it !== undefined && (Iterators.Array === it || ArrayProto[ITERATOR] === it);\n};\n","// 7.2.2 IsArray(argument)\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nmodule.exports = Array.isArray || function isArray(arg) {\n  return cof(arg) == 'Array';\n};\n","// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nmodule.exports = function isInteger(it) {\n  return !isObject(it) && isFinite(it) && floor(it) === it;\n};\n","module.exports = function (it) {\n  return typeof it === 'object' ? it !== null : typeof it === 'function';\n};\n","// 7.2.8 IsRegExp(argument)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar MATCH = require('./_wks')('match');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var isRegExp;\n  return isObject(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : cof(it) == 'RegExp');\n};\n","// call something on iterator step with safe closing on error\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nmodule.exports = function (iterator, fn, value, entries) {\n  try {\n    return entries ? fn(anObject(value)[0], value[1]) : fn(value);\n  // 7.4.6 IteratorClose(iterator, completion)\n  } catch (e) {\n    var ret = iterator['return'];\n    if (ret !== undefined) anObject(ret.call(iterator));\n    throw e;\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar descriptor = require('./_property-desc');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar IteratorPrototype = {};\n\n// 25.1.2.1.1 %IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()\nrequire('./_hide')(IteratorPrototype, require('./_wks')('iterator'), function () { return this; });\n\nmodule.exports = function (Constructor, NAME, next) {\n  Constructor.prototype = create(IteratorPrototype, { next: descriptor(1, next) });\n  setToStringTag(Constructor, NAME + ' Iterator');\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar $iterCreate = require('./_iter-create');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar BUGGY = !([].keys && 'next' in [].keys()); // Safari has buggy iterators w/o `next`\nvar FF_ITERATOR = '@@iterator';\nvar KEYS = 'keys';\nvar VALUES = 'values';\n\nvar returnThis = function () { return this; };\n\nmodule.exports = function (Base, NAME, Constructor, next, DEFAULT, IS_SET, FORCED) {\n  $iterCreate(Constructor, NAME, next);\n  var getMethod = function (kind) {\n    if (!BUGGY && kind in proto) return proto[kind];\n    switch (kind) {\n      case KEYS: return function keys() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n      case VALUES: return function values() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n    } return function entries() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n  };\n  var TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';\n  var DEF_VALUES = DEFAULT == VALUES;\n  var VALUES_BUG = false;\n  var proto = Base.prototype;\n  var $native = proto[ITERATOR] || proto[FF_ITERATOR] || DEFAULT && proto[DEFAULT];\n  var $default = $native || getMethod(DEFAULT);\n  var $entries = DEFAULT ? !DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod('entries') : undefined;\n  var $anyNative = NAME == 'Array' ? proto.entries || $native : $native;\n  var methods, key, IteratorPrototype;\n  // Fix native\n  if ($anyNative) {\n    IteratorPrototype = getPrototypeOf($anyNative.call(new Base()));\n    if (IteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype && IteratorPrototype.next) {\n      // Set @@toStringTag to native iterators\n      setToStringTag(IteratorPrototype, TAG, true);\n      // fix for some old engines\n      if (!LIBRARY && typeof IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR] != 'function') hide(IteratorPrototype, ITERATOR, returnThis);\n    }\n  }\n  // fix Array#{values, @@iterator}.name in V8 / FF\n  if (DEF_VALUES && $native && $native.name !== VALUES) {\n    VALUES_BUG = true;\n    $default = function values() { return $native.call(this); };\n  }\n  // Define iterator\n  if ((!LIBRARY || FORCED) && (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG || !proto[ITERATOR])) {\n    hide(proto, ITERATOR, $default);\n  }\n  // Plug for library\n  Iterators[NAME] = $default;\n  Iterators[TAG] = returnThis;\n  if (DEFAULT) {\n    methods = {\n      values: DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod(VALUES),\n      keys: IS_SET ? $default : getMethod(KEYS),\n      entries: $entries\n    };\n    if (FORCED) for (key in methods) {\n      if (!(key in proto)) redefine(proto, key, methods[key]);\n    } else $export($export.P + $export.F * (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG), NAME, methods);\n  }\n  return methods;\n};\n","var ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar SAFE_CLOSING = false;\n\ntry {\n  var riter = [7][ITERATOR]();\n  riter['return'] = function () { SAFE_CLOSING = true; };\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-throw-literal\n  Array.from(riter, function () { throw 2; });\n} catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n\nmodule.exports = function (exec, skipClosing) {\n  if (!skipClosing && !SAFE_CLOSING) return false;\n  var safe = false;\n  try {\n    var arr = [7];\n    var iter = arr[ITERATOR]();\n    iter.next = function () { return { done: safe = true }; };\n    arr[ITERATOR] = function () { return iter; };\n    exec(arr);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  return safe;\n};\n","module.exports = function (done, value) {\n  return { value: value, done: !!done };\n};\n","module.exports = {};\n","module.exports = false;\n","// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)\nvar $expm1 = Math.expm1;\nmodule.exports = (!$expm1\n  // Old FF bug\n  || $expm1(10) > 22025.465794806719 || $expm1(10) < 22025.4657948067165168\n  // Tor Browser bug\n  || $expm1(-2e-17) != -2e-17\n) ? function expm1(x) {\n  return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : x > -1e-6 && x < 1e-6 ? x + x * x / 2 : Math.exp(x) - 1;\n} : $expm1;\n","// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)\nvar sign = require('./_math-sign');\nvar pow = Math.pow;\nvar EPSILON = pow(2, -52);\nvar EPSILON32 = pow(2, -23);\nvar MAX32 = pow(2, 127) * (2 - EPSILON32);\nvar MIN32 = pow(2, -126);\n\nvar roundTiesToEven = function (n) {\n  return n + 1 / EPSILON - 1 / EPSILON;\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Math.fround || function fround(x) {\n  var $abs = Math.abs(x);\n  var $sign = sign(x);\n  var a, result;\n  if ($abs < MIN32) return $sign * roundTiesToEven($abs / MIN32 / EPSILON32) * MIN32 * EPSILON32;\n  a = (1 + EPSILON32 / EPSILON) * $abs;\n  result = a - (a - $abs);\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  if (result > MAX32 || result != result) return $sign * Infinity;\n  return $sign * result;\n};\n","// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)\nmodule.exports = Math.log1p || function log1p(x) {\n  return (x = +x) > -1e-8 && x < 1e-8 ? x - x * x / 2 : Math.log(1 + x);\n};\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nmodule.exports = Math.scale || function scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {\n  if (\n    arguments.length === 0\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || x != x\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || inLow != inLow\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || inHigh != inHigh\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || outLow != outLow\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || outHigh != outHigh\n  ) return NaN;\n  if (x === Infinity || x === -Infinity) return x;\n  return (x - inLow) * (outHigh - outLow) / (inHigh - inLow) + outLow;\n};\n","// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)\nmodule.exports = Math.sign || function sign(x) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return (x = +x) == 0 || x != x ? x : x < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n};\n","var META = require('./_uid')('meta');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar setDesc = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar id = 0;\nvar isExtensible = Object.isExtensible || function () {\n  return true;\n};\nvar FREEZE = !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return isExtensible(Object.preventExtensions({}));\n});\nvar setMeta = function (it) {\n  setDesc(it, META, { value: {\n    i: 'O' + ++id, // object ID\n    w: {}          // weak collections IDs\n  } });\n};\nvar fastKey = function (it, create) {\n  // return primitive with prefix\n  if (!isObject(it)) return typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : (typeof it == 'string' ? 'S' : 'P') + it;\n  if (!has(it, META)) {\n    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object\n    if (!isExtensible(it)) return 'F';\n    // not necessary to add metadata\n    if (!create) return 'E';\n    // add missing metadata\n    setMeta(it);\n  // return object ID\n  } return it[META].i;\n};\nvar getWeak = function (it, create) {\n  if (!has(it, META)) {\n    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object\n    if (!isExtensible(it)) return true;\n    // not necessary to add metadata\n    if (!create) return false;\n    // add missing metadata\n    setMeta(it);\n  // return hash weak collections IDs\n  } return it[META].w;\n};\n// add metadata on freeze-family methods calling\nvar onFreeze = function (it) {\n  if (FREEZE && meta.NEED && isExtensible(it) && !has(it, META)) setMeta(it);\n  return it;\n};\nvar meta = module.exports = {\n  KEY: META,\n  NEED: false,\n  fastKey: fastKey,\n  getWeak: getWeak,\n  onFreeze: onFreeze\n};\n","var Map = require('./es6.map');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar shared = require('./_shared')('metadata');\nvar store = shared.store || (shared.store = new (require('./es6.weak-map'))());\n\nvar getOrCreateMetadataMap = function (target, targetKey, create) {\n  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);\n  if (!targetMetadata) {\n    if (!create) return undefined;\n    store.set(target, targetMetadata = new Map());\n  }\n  var keyMetadata = targetMetadata.get(targetKey);\n  if (!keyMetadata) {\n    if (!create) return undefined;\n    targetMetadata.set(targetKey, keyMetadata = new Map());\n  } return keyMetadata;\n};\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);\n  return metadataMap === undefined ? false : metadataMap.has(MetadataKey);\n};\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);\n  return metadataMap === undefined ? undefined : metadataMap.get(MetadataKey);\n};\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, MetadataValue, O, P) {\n  getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, true).set(MetadataKey, MetadataValue);\n};\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = function (target, targetKey) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(target, targetKey, false);\n  var keys = [];\n  if (metadataMap) metadataMap.forEach(function (_, key) { keys.push(key); });\n  return keys;\n};\nvar toMetaKey = function (it) {\n  return it === undefined || typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : String(it);\n};\nvar exp = function (O) {\n  $export($export.S, 'Reflect', O);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  store: store,\n  map: getOrCreateMetadataMap,\n  has: ordinaryHasOwnMetadata,\n  get: ordinaryGetOwnMetadata,\n  set: ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata,\n  keys: ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys,\n  key: toMetaKey,\n  exp: exp\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar macrotask = require('./_task').set;\nvar Observer = global.MutationObserver || global.WebKitMutationObserver;\nvar process = global.process;\nvar Promise = global.Promise;\nvar isNode = require('./_cof')(process) == 'process';\n\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var head, last, notify;\n\n  var flush = function () {\n    var parent, fn;\n    if (isNode && (parent = process.domain)) parent.exit();\n    while (head) {\n      fn = head.fn;\n      head = head.next;\n      try {\n        fn();\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (head) notify();\n        else last = undefined;\n        throw e;\n      }\n    } last = undefined;\n    if (parent) parent.enter();\n  };\n\n  // Node.js\n  if (isNode) {\n    notify = function () {\n      process.nextTick(flush);\n    };\n  // browsers with MutationObserver, except iOS Safari - https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/339\n  } else if (Observer && !(global.navigator && global.navigator.standalone)) {\n    var toggle = true;\n    var node = document.createTextNode('');\n    new Observer(flush).observe(node, { characterData: true }); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    notify = function () {\n      node.data = toggle = !toggle;\n    };\n  // environments with maybe non-completely correct, but existent Promise\n  } else if (Promise && Promise.resolve) {\n    // Promise.resolve without an argument throws an error in LG WebOS 2\n    var promise = Promise.resolve(undefined);\n    notify = function () {\n      promise.then(flush);\n    };\n  // for other environments - macrotask based on:\n  // - setImmediate\n  // - MessageChannel\n  // - window.postMessag\n  // - onreadystatechange\n  // - setTimeout\n  } else {\n    notify = function () {\n      // strange IE + webpack dev server bug - use .call(global)\n      macrotask.call(global, flush);\n    };\n  }\n\n  return function (fn) {\n    var task = { fn: fn, next: undefined };\n    if (last) last.next = task;\n    if (!head) {\n      head = task;\n      notify();\n    } last = task;\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 25.4.1.5 NewPromiseCapability(C)\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\n\nfunction PromiseCapability(C) {\n  var resolve, reject;\n  this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {\n    if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');\n    resolve = $$resolve;\n    reject = $$reject;\n  });\n  this.resolve = aFunction(resolve);\n  this.reject = aFunction(reject);\n}\n\nmodule.exports.f = function (C) {\n  return new PromiseCapability(C);\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 19.1.2.1 Object.assign(target, source, ...)\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar $assign = Object.assign;\n\n// should work with symbols and should have deterministic property order (V8 bug)\nmodule.exports = !$assign || require('./_fails')(function () {\n  var A = {};\n  var B = {};\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n  var S = Symbol();\n  var K = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrst';\n  A[S] = 7;\n  K.split('').forEach(function (k) { B[k] = k; });\n  return $assign({}, A)[S] != 7 || Object.keys($assign({}, B)).join('') != K;\n}) ? function assign(target, source) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n  var T = toObject(target);\n  var aLen = arguments.length;\n  var index = 1;\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  var isEnum = pIE.f;\n  while (aLen > index) {\n    var S = IObject(arguments[index++]);\n    var keys = getSymbols ? getKeys(S).concat(getSymbols(S)) : getKeys(S);\n    var length = keys.length;\n    var j = 0;\n    var key;\n    while (length > j) {\n      key = keys[j++];\n      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(S, key)) T[key] = S[key];\n    }\n  } return T;\n} : $assign;\n","// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar dPs = require('./_object-dps');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys');\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\nvar Empty = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype\nvar createDict = function () {\n  // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug\n  var iframe = require('./_dom-create')('iframe');\n  var i = enumBugKeys.length;\n  var lt = '<';\n  var gt = '>';\n  var iframeDocument;\n  iframe.style.display = 'none';\n  require('./_html').appendChild(iframe);\n  iframe.src = 'javascript:'; // eslint-disable-line no-script-url\n  // createDict = iframe.contentWindow.Object;\n  // html.removeChild(iframe);\n  iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;\n  iframeDocument.open();\n  iframeDocument.write(lt + 'script' + gt + 'document.F=Object' + lt + '/script' + gt);\n  iframeDocument.close();\n  createDict = iframeDocument.F;\n  while (i--) delete createDict[PROTOTYPE][enumBugKeys[i]];\n  return createDict();\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {\n  var result;\n  if (O !== null) {\n    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = anObject(O);\n    result = new Empty();\n    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = null;\n    // add \"__proto__\" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill\n    result[IE_PROTO] = O;\n  } else result = createDict();\n  return Properties === undefined ? result : dPs(result, Properties);\n};\n","var anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar IE8_DOM_DEFINE = require('./_ie8-dom-define');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar dP = Object.defineProperty;\n\nexports.f = require('./_descriptors') ? Object.defineProperty : function defineProperty(O, P, Attributes) {\n  anObject(O);\n  P = toPrimitive(P, true);\n  anObject(Attributes);\n  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {\n    return dP(O, P, Attributes);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  if ('get' in Attributes || 'set' in Attributes) throw TypeError('Accessors not supported!');\n  if ('value' in Attributes) O[P] = Attributes.value;\n  return O;\n};\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\n\nmodule.exports = require('./_descriptors') ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {\n  anObject(O);\n  var keys = getKeys(Properties);\n  var length = keys.length;\n  var i = 0;\n  var P;\n  while (length > i) dP.f(O, P = keys[i++], Properties[P]);\n  return O;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// Forced replacement prototype accessors methods\nmodule.exports = require('./_library') || !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  var K = Math.random();\n  // In FF throws only define methods\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef, no-useless-call\n  __defineSetter__.call(null, K, function () { /* empty */ });\n  delete require('./_global')[K];\n});\n","var pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar IE8_DOM_DEFINE = require('./_ie8-dom-define');\nvar gOPD = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;\n\nexports.f = require('./_descriptors') ? gOPD : function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P) {\n  O = toIObject(O);\n  P = toPrimitive(P, true);\n  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {\n    return gOPD(O, P);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  if (has(O, P)) return createDesc(!pIE.f.call(O, P), O[P]);\n};\n","// fallback for IE11 buggy Object.getOwnPropertyNames with iframe and window\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar toString = {}.toString;\n\nvar windowNames = typeof window == 'object' && window && Object.getOwnPropertyNames\n  ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) : [];\n\nvar getWindowNames = function (it) {\n  try {\n    return gOPN(it);\n  } catch (e) {\n    return windowNames.slice();\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports.f = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {\n  return windowNames && toString.call(it) == '[object Window]' ? getWindowNames(it) : gOPN(toIObject(it));\n};\n","// 19.1.2.7 / 15.2.3.4 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys-internal');\nvar hiddenKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys').concat('length', 'prototype');\n\nexports.f = Object.getOwnPropertyNames || function getOwnPropertyNames(O) {\n  return $keys(O, hiddenKeys);\n};\n","exports.f = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;\n","// 19.1.2.9 / 15.2.3.2 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\nvar ObjectProto = Object.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = Object.getPrototypeOf || function (O) {\n  O = toObject(O);\n  if (has(O, IE_PROTO)) return O[IE_PROTO];\n  if (typeof O.constructor == 'function' && O instanceof O.constructor) {\n    return O.constructor.prototype;\n  } return O instanceof Object ? ObjectProto : null;\n};\n","var has = require('./_has');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar arrayIndexOf = require('./_array-includes')(false);\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\n\nmodule.exports = function (object, names) {\n  var O = toIObject(object);\n  var i = 0;\n  var result = [];\n  var key;\n  for (key in O) if (key != IE_PROTO) has(O, key) && result.push(key);\n  // Don't enum bug & hidden keys\n  while (names.length > i) if (has(O, key = names[i++])) {\n    ~arrayIndexOf(result, key) || result.push(key);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n","// 19.1.2.14 / 15.2.3.14 Object.keys(O)\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys-internal');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys');\n\nmodule.exports = Object.keys || function keys(O) {\n  return $keys(O, enumBugKeys);\n};\n","exports.f = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;\n","// most Object methods by ES6 should accept primitives\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nmodule.exports = function (KEY, exec) {\n  var fn = (core.Object || {})[KEY] || Object[KEY];\n  var exp = {};\n  exp[KEY] = exec(fn);\n  $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { fn(1); }), 'Object', exp);\n};\n","var DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar isEnum = require('./_object-pie').f;\nmodule.exports = function (isEntries) {\n  return function (it) {\n    var O = toIObject(it);\n    var keys = getKeys(O);\n    var length = keys.length;\n    var i = 0;\n    var result = [];\n    var key;\n    while (length > i) {\n      key = keys[i++];\n      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(O, key)) {\n        result.push(isEntries ? [key, O[key]] : O[key]);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n};\n","// all object keys, includes non-enumerable and symbols\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar Reflect = require('./_global').Reflect;\nmodule.exports = Reflect && Reflect.ownKeys || function ownKeys(it) {\n  var keys = gOPN.f(anObject(it));\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  return getSymbols ? keys.concat(getSymbols(it)) : keys;\n};\n","var $parseFloat = require('./_global').parseFloat;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\n\nmodule.exports = 1 / $parseFloat(require('./_string-ws') + '-0') !== -Infinity ? function parseFloat(str) {\n  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);\n  var result = $parseFloat(string);\n  return result === 0 && string.charAt(0) == '-' ? -0 : result;\n} : $parseFloat;\n","var $parseInt = require('./_global').parseInt;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\nvar ws = require('./_string-ws');\nvar hex = /^[-+]?0[xX]/;\n\nmodule.exports = $parseInt(ws + '08') !== 8 || $parseInt(ws + '0x16') !== 22 ? function parseInt(str, radix) {\n  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);\n  return $parseInt(string, (radix >>> 0) || (hex.test(string) ? 16 : 10));\n} : $parseInt;\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return { e: false, v: exec() };\n  } catch (e) {\n    return { e: true, v: e };\n  }\n};\n","var anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar newPromiseCapability = require('./_new-promise-capability');\n\nmodule.exports = function (C, x) {\n  anObject(C);\n  if (isObject(x) && x.constructor === C) return x;\n  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(C);\n  var resolve = promiseCapability.resolve;\n  resolve(x);\n  return promiseCapability.promise;\n};\n","module.exports = function (bitmap, value) {\n  return {\n    enumerable: !(bitmap & 1),\n    configurable: !(bitmap & 2),\n    writable: !(bitmap & 4),\n    value: value\n  };\n};\n","var redefine = require('./_redefine');\nmodule.exports = function (target, src, safe) {\n  for (var key in src) redefine(target, key, src[key], safe);\n  return target;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar SRC = require('./_uid')('src');\nvar $toString = require('./_function-to-string');\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar TPL = ('' + $toString).split(TO_STRING);\n\nrequire('./_core').inspectSource = function (it) {\n  return $toString.call(it);\n};\n\n(module.exports = function (O, key, val, safe) {\n  var isFunction = typeof val == 'function';\n  if (isFunction) has(val, 'name') || hide(val, 'name', key);\n  if (O[key] === val) return;\n  if (isFunction) has(val, SRC) || hide(val, SRC, O[key] ? '' + O[key] : TPL.join(String(key)));\n  if (O === global) {\n    O[key] = val;\n  } else if (!safe) {\n    delete O[key];\n    hide(O, key, val);\n  } else if (O[key]) {\n    O[key] = val;\n  } else {\n    hide(O, key, val);\n  }\n// add fake Function#toString for correct work wrapped methods / constructors with methods like LoDash isNative\n})(Function.prototype, TO_STRING, function toString() {\n  return typeof this == 'function' && this[SRC] || $toString.call(this);\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar builtinExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\n\n // `RegExpExec` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec\nmodule.exports = function (R, S) {\n  var exec = R.exec;\n  if (typeof exec === 'function') {\n    var result = exec.call(R, S);\n    if (typeof result !== 'object') {\n      throw new TypeError('RegExp exec method returned something other than an Object or null');\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  if (classof(R) !== 'RegExp') {\n    throw new TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');\n  }\n  return builtinExec.call(R, S);\n};\n","'use strict';\n\nvar regexpFlags = require('./_flags');\n\nvar nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\n// This always refers to the native implementation, because the\n// String#replace polyfill uses ./fix-regexp-well-known-symbol-logic.js,\n// which loads this file before patching the method.\nvar nativeReplace = String.prototype.replace;\n\nvar patchedExec = nativeExec;\n\nvar LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';\n\nvar UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {\n  var re1 = /a/,\n      re2 = /b*/g;\n  nativeExec.call(re1, 'a');\n  nativeExec.call(re2, 'a');\n  return re1[LAST_INDEX] !== 0 || re2[LAST_INDEX] !== 0;\n})();\n\n// nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.\nvar NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;\n\nvar PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED;\n\nif (PATCH) {\n  patchedExec = function exec(str) {\n    var re = this;\n    var lastIndex, reCopy, match, i;\n\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^' + re.source + '$(?!\\\\s)', regexpFlags.call(re));\n    }\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re[LAST_INDEX];\n\n    match = nativeExec.call(re, str);\n\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {\n      re[LAST_INDEX] = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;\n    }\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {\n      // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`\n      // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn' work for /(.?)?/\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-loop-func\n      nativeReplace.call(match[0], reCopy, function () {\n        for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {\n          if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    return match;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = patchedExec;\n","module.exports = function (regExp, replace) {\n  var replacer = replace === Object(replace) ? function (part) {\n    return replace[part];\n  } : replace;\n  return function (it) {\n    return String(it).replace(regExp, replacer);\n  };\n};\n","// 7.2.9 SameValue(x, y)\nmodule.exports = Object.is || function is(x, y) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return x === y ? x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y : x != x && y != y;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\n\nmodule.exports = function (COLLECTION) {\n  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { from: function from(source /* , mapFn, thisArg */) {\n    var mapFn = arguments[1];\n    var mapping, A, n, cb;\n    aFunction(this);\n    mapping = mapFn !== undefined;\n    if (mapping) aFunction(mapFn);\n    if (source == undefined) return new this();\n    A = [];\n    if (mapping) {\n      n = 0;\n      cb = ctx(mapFn, arguments[2], 2);\n      forOf(source, false, function (nextItem) {\n        A.push(cb(nextItem, n++));\n      });\n    } else {\n      forOf(source, false, A.push, A);\n    }\n    return new this(A);\n  } });\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\nmodule.exports = function (COLLECTION) {\n  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { of: function of() {\n    var length = arguments.length;\n    var A = new Array(length);\n    while (length--) A[length] = arguments[length];\n    return new this(A);\n  } });\n};\n","// Works with __proto__ only. Old v8 can't work with null proto objects.\n/* eslint-disable no-proto */\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar check = function (O, proto) {\n  anObject(O);\n  if (!isObject(proto) && proto !== null) throw TypeError(proto + \": can't set as prototype!\");\n};\nmodule.exports = {\n  set: Object.setPrototypeOf || ('__proto__' in {} ? // eslint-disable-line\n    function (test, buggy, set) {\n      try {\n        set = require('./_ctx')(Function.call, require('./_object-gopd').f(Object.prototype, '__proto__').set, 2);\n        set(test, []);\n        buggy = !(test instanceof Array);\n      } catch (e) { buggy = true; }\n      return function setPrototypeOf(O, proto) {\n        check(O, proto);\n        if (buggy) O.__proto__ = proto;\n        else set(O, proto);\n        return O;\n      };\n    }({}, false) : undefined),\n  check: check\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\n\nmodule.exports = function (KEY) {\n  var C = global[KEY];\n  if (DESCRIPTORS && C && !C[SPECIES]) dP.f(C, SPECIES, {\n    configurable: true,\n    get: function () { return this; }\n  });\n};\n","var def = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar TAG = require('./_wks')('toStringTag');\n\nmodule.exports = function (it, tag, stat) {\n  if (it && !has(it = stat ? it : it.prototype, TAG)) def(it, TAG, { configurable: true, value: tag });\n};\n","var shared = require('./_shared')('keys');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  return shared[key] || (shared[key] = uid(key));\n};\n","var core = require('./_core');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar SHARED = '__core-js_shared__';\nvar store = global[SHARED] || (global[SHARED] = {});\n\n(module.exports = function (key, value) {\n  return store[key] || (store[key] = value !== undefined ? value : {});\n})('versions', []).push({\n  version: core.version,\n  mode: require('./_library') ? 'pure' : 'global',\n  copyright: '© 2020 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)'\n});\n","// 7.3.20 SpeciesConstructor(O, defaultConstructor)\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\nmodule.exports = function (O, D) {\n  var C = anObject(O).constructor;\n  var S;\n  return C === undefined || (S = anObject(C)[SPECIES]) == undefined ? D : aFunction(S);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\n\nmodule.exports = function (method, arg) {\n  return !!method && fails(function () {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-call\n    arg ? method.call(null, function () { /* empty */ }, 1) : method.call(null);\n  });\n};\n","var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n// true  -> String#at\n// false -> String#codePointAt\nmodule.exports = function (TO_STRING) {\n  return function (that, pos) {\n    var s = String(defined(that));\n    var i = toInteger(pos);\n    var l = s.length;\n    var a, b;\n    if (i < 0 || i >= l) return TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;\n    a = s.charCodeAt(i);\n    return a < 0xd800 || a > 0xdbff || i + 1 === l || (b = s.charCodeAt(i + 1)) < 0xdc00 || b > 0xdfff\n      ? TO_STRING ? s.charAt(i) : a\n      : TO_STRING ? s.slice(i, i + 2) : (a - 0xd800 << 10) + (b - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;\n  };\n};\n","// helper for String#{startsWith, endsWith, includes}\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, searchString, NAME) {\n  if (isRegExp(searchString)) throw TypeError('String#' + NAME + \" doesn't accept regex!\");\n  return String(defined(that));\n};\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar quot = /\"/g;\n// B.2.3.2.1 CreateHTML(string, tag, attribute, value)\nvar createHTML = function (string, tag, attribute, value) {\n  var S = String(defined(string));\n  var p1 = '<' + tag;\n  if (attribute !== '') p1 += ' ' + attribute + '=\"' + String(value).replace(quot, '&quot;') + '\"';\n  return p1 + '>' + S + '</' + tag + '>';\n};\nmodule.exports = function (NAME, exec) {\n  var O = {};\n  O[NAME] = exec(createHTML);\n  $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {\n    var test = ''[NAME]('\"');\n    return test !== test.toLowerCase() || test.split('\"').length > 3;\n  }), 'String', O);\n};\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar repeat = require('./_string-repeat');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, maxLength, fillString, left) {\n  var S = String(defined(that));\n  var stringLength = S.length;\n  var fillStr = fillString === undefined ? ' ' : String(fillString);\n  var intMaxLength = toLength(maxLength);\n  if (intMaxLength <= stringLength || fillStr == '') return S;\n  var fillLen = intMaxLength - stringLength;\n  var stringFiller = repeat.call(fillStr, Math.ceil(fillLen / fillStr.length));\n  if (stringFiller.length > fillLen) stringFiller = stringFiller.slice(0, fillLen);\n  return left ? stringFiller + S : S + stringFiller;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function repeat(count) {\n  var str = String(defined(this));\n  var res = '';\n  var n = toInteger(count);\n  if (n < 0 || n == Infinity) throw RangeError(\"Count can't be negative\");\n  for (;n > 0; (n >>>= 1) && (str += str)) if (n & 1) res += str;\n  return res;\n};\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar spaces = require('./_string-ws');\nvar space = '[' + spaces + ']';\nvar non = '\\u200b\\u0085';\nvar ltrim = RegExp('^' + space + space + '*');\nvar rtrim = RegExp(space + space + '*$');\n\nvar exporter = function (KEY, exec, ALIAS) {\n  var exp = {};\n  var FORCE = fails(function () {\n    return !!spaces[KEY]() || non[KEY]() != non;\n  });\n  var fn = exp[KEY] = FORCE ? exec(trim) : spaces[KEY];\n  if (ALIAS) exp[ALIAS] = fn;\n  $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCE, 'String', exp);\n};\n\n// 1 -> String#trimLeft\n// 2 -> String#trimRight\n// 3 -> String#trim\nvar trim = exporter.trim = function (string, TYPE) {\n  string = String(defined(string));\n  if (TYPE & 1) string = string.replace(ltrim, '');\n  if (TYPE & 2) string = string.replace(rtrim, '');\n  return string;\n};\n\nmodule.exports = exporter;\n","module.exports = '\\x09\\x0A\\x0B\\x0C\\x0D\\x20\\xA0\\u1680\\u180E\\u2000\\u2001\\u2002\\u2003' +\n  '\\u2004\\u2005\\u2006\\u2007\\u2008\\u2009\\u200A\\u202F\\u205F\\u3000\\u2028\\u2029\\uFEFF';\n","var ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar invoke = require('./_invoke');\nvar html = require('./_html');\nvar cel = require('./_dom-create');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar process = global.process;\nvar setTask = global.setImmediate;\nvar clearTask = global.clearImmediate;\nvar MessageChannel = global.MessageChannel;\nvar Dispatch = global.Dispatch;\nvar counter = 0;\nvar queue = {};\nvar ONREADYSTATECHANGE = 'onreadystatechange';\nvar defer, channel, port;\nvar run = function () {\n  var id = +this;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\n  if (queue.hasOwnProperty(id)) {\n    var fn = queue[id];\n    delete queue[id];\n    fn();\n  }\n};\nvar listener = function (event) {\n  run.call(event.data);\n};\n// Node.js 0.9+ & IE10+ has setImmediate, otherwise:\nif (!setTask || !clearTask) {\n  setTask = function setImmediate(fn) {\n    var args = [];\n    var i = 1;\n    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);\n    queue[++counter] = function () {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n      invoke(typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn), args);\n    };\n    defer(counter);\n    return counter;\n  };\n  clearTask = function clearImmediate(id) {\n    delete queue[id];\n  };\n  // Node.js 0.8-\n  if (require('./_cof')(process) == 'process') {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      process.nextTick(ctx(run, id, 1));\n    };\n  // Sphere (JS game engine) Dispatch API\n  } else if (Dispatch && Dispatch.now) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      Dispatch.now(ctx(run, id, 1));\n    };\n  // Browsers with MessageChannel, includes WebWorkers\n  } else if (MessageChannel) {\n    channel = new MessageChannel();\n    port = channel.port2;\n    channel.port1.onmessage = listener;\n    defer = ctx(port.postMessage, port, 1);\n  // Browsers with postMessage, skip WebWorkers\n  // IE8 has postMessage, but it's sync & typeof its postMessage is 'object'\n  } else if (global.addEventListener && typeof postMessage == 'function' && !global.importScripts) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      global.postMessage(id + '', '*');\n    };\n    global.addEventListener('message', listener, false);\n  // IE8-\n  } else if (ONREADYSTATECHANGE in cel('script')) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      html.appendChild(cel('script'))[ONREADYSTATECHANGE] = function () {\n        html.removeChild(this);\n        run.call(id);\n      };\n    };\n  // Rest old browsers\n  } else {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      setTimeout(ctx(run, id, 1), 0);\n    };\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = {\n  set: setTask,\n  clear: clearTask\n};\n","var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar max = Math.max;\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (index, length) {\n  index = toInteger(index);\n  return index < 0 ? max(index + length, 0) : min(index, length);\n};\n","// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-toindex\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (it === undefined) return 0;\n  var number = toInteger(it);\n  var length = toLength(number);\n  if (number !== length) throw RangeError('Wrong length!');\n  return length;\n};\n","// 7.1.4 ToInteger\nvar ceil = Math.ceil;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return isNaN(it = +it) ? 0 : (it > 0 ? floor : ceil)(it);\n};\n","// to indexed object, toObject with fallback for non-array-like ES3 strings\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return IObject(defined(it));\n};\n","// 7.1.15 ToLength\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it > 0 ? min(toInteger(it), 0x1fffffffffffff) : 0; // pow(2, 53) - 1 == 9007199254740991\n};\n","// 7.1.13 ToObject(argument)\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return Object(defined(it));\n};\n","// 7.1.1 ToPrimitive(input [, PreferredType])\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n// instead of the ES6 spec version, we didn't implement @@toPrimitive case\n// and the second argument - flag - preferred type is a string\nmodule.exports = function (it, S) {\n  if (!isObject(it)) return it;\n  var fn, val;\n  if (S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  if (typeof (fn = it.valueOf) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  if (!S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  throw TypeError(\"Can't convert object to primitive value\");\n};\n","'use strict';\nif (require('./_descriptors')) {\n  var LIBRARY = require('./_library');\n  var global = require('./_global');\n  var fails = require('./_fails');\n  var $export = require('./_export');\n  var $typed = require('./_typed');\n  var $buffer = require('./_typed-buffer');\n  var ctx = require('./_ctx');\n  var anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\n  var propertyDesc = require('./_property-desc');\n  var hide = require('./_hide');\n  var redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\n  var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\n  var toLength = require('./_to-length');\n  var toIndex = require('./_to-index');\n  var toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\n  var toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n  var has = require('./_has');\n  var classof = require('./_classof');\n  var isObject = require('./_is-object');\n  var toObject = require('./_to-object');\n  var isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\n  var create = require('./_object-create');\n  var getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\n  var gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\n  var getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\n  var uid = require('./_uid');\n  var wks = require('./_wks');\n  var createArrayMethod = require('./_array-methods');\n  var createArrayIncludes = require('./_array-includes');\n  var speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\n  var ArrayIterators = require('./es6.array.iterator');\n  var Iterators = require('./_iterators');\n  var $iterDetect = require('./_iter-detect');\n  var setSpecies = require('./_set-species');\n  var arrayFill = require('./_array-fill');\n  var arrayCopyWithin = require('./_array-copy-within');\n  var $DP = require('./_object-dp');\n  var $GOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\n  var dP = $DP.f;\n  var gOPD = $GOPD.f;\n  var RangeError = global.RangeError;\n  var TypeError = global.TypeError;\n  var Uint8Array = global.Uint8Array;\n  var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\n  var SHARED_BUFFER = 'Shared' + ARRAY_BUFFER;\n  var BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT';\n  var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n  var ArrayProto = Array[PROTOTYPE];\n  var $ArrayBuffer = $buffer.ArrayBuffer;\n  var $DataView = $buffer.DataView;\n  var arrayForEach = createArrayMethod(0);\n  var arrayFilter = createArrayMethod(2);\n  var arraySome = createArrayMethod(3);\n  var arrayEvery = createArrayMethod(4);\n  var arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);\n  var arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);\n  var arrayIncludes = createArrayIncludes(true);\n  var arrayIndexOf = createArrayIncludes(false);\n  var arrayValues = ArrayIterators.values;\n  var arrayKeys = ArrayIterators.keys;\n  var arrayEntries = ArrayIterators.entries;\n  var arrayLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf;\n  var arrayReduce = ArrayProto.reduce;\n  var arrayReduceRight = ArrayProto.reduceRight;\n  var arrayJoin = ArrayProto.join;\n  var arraySort = ArrayProto.sort;\n  var arraySlice = ArrayProto.slice;\n  var arrayToString = ArrayProto.toString;\n  var arrayToLocaleString = ArrayProto.toLocaleString;\n  var ITERATOR = wks('iterator');\n  var TAG = wks('toStringTag');\n  var TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('typed_constructor');\n  var DEF_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('def_constructor');\n  var ALL_CONSTRUCTORS = $typed.CONSTR;\n  var TYPED_ARRAY = $typed.TYPED;\n  var VIEW = $typed.VIEW;\n  var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';\n\n  var $map = createArrayMethod(1, function (O, length) {\n    return allocate(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), length);\n  });\n\n  var LITTLE_ENDIAN = fails(function () {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n    return new Uint8Array(new Uint16Array([1]).buffer)[0] === 1;\n  });\n\n  var FORCED_SET = !!Uint8Array && !!Uint8Array[PROTOTYPE].set && fails(function () {\n    new Uint8Array(1).set({});\n  });\n\n  var toOffset = function (it, BYTES) {\n    var offset = toInteger(it);\n    if (offset < 0 || offset % BYTES) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');\n    return offset;\n  };\n\n  var validate = function (it) {\n    if (isObject(it) && TYPED_ARRAY in it) return it;\n    throw TypeError(it + ' is not a typed array!');\n  };\n\n  var allocate = function (C, length) {\n    if (!(isObject(C) && TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR in C)) {\n      throw TypeError('It is not a typed array constructor!');\n    } return new C(length);\n  };\n\n  var speciesFromList = function (O, list) {\n    return fromList(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), list);\n  };\n\n  var fromList = function (C, list) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var length = list.length;\n    var result = allocate(C, length);\n    while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  var addGetter = function (it, key, internal) {\n    dP(it, key, { get: function () { return this._d[internal]; } });\n  };\n\n  var $from = function from(source /* , mapfn, thisArg */) {\n    var O = toObject(source);\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;\n    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);\n    var i, length, values, result, step, iterator;\n    if (iterFn != undefined && !isArrayIter(iterFn)) {\n      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), values = [], i = 0; !(step = iterator.next()).done; i++) {\n        values.push(step.value);\n      } O = values;\n    }\n    if (mapping && aLen > 2) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, arguments[2], 2);\n    for (i = 0, length = toLength(O.length), result = allocate(this, length); length > i; i++) {\n      result[i] = mapping ? mapfn(O[i], i) : O[i];\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  var $of = function of(/* ...items */) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var length = arguments.length;\n    var result = allocate(this, length);\n    while (length > index) result[index] = arguments[index++];\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  // iOS Safari 6.x fails here\n  var TO_LOCALE_BUG = !!Uint8Array && fails(function () { arrayToLocaleString.call(new Uint8Array(1)); });\n\n  var $toLocaleString = function toLocaleString() {\n    return arrayToLocaleString.apply(TO_LOCALE_BUG ? arraySlice.call(validate(this)) : validate(this), arguments);\n  };\n\n  var proto = {\n    copyWithin: function copyWithin(target, start /* , end */) {\n      return arrayCopyWithin.call(validate(this), target, start, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);\n    },\n    every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayEvery(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    fill: function fill(value /* , start, end */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayFill.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return speciesFromList(this, arrayFilter(validate(this), callbackfn,\n        arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined));\n    },\n    find: function find(predicate /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayFind(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    findIndex: function findIndex(predicate /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayFindIndex(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      arrayForEach(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {\n      return arrayIndexOf(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    includes: function includes(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {\n      return arrayIncludes(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    join: function join(separator) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayJoin.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayLastIndexOf.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    map: function map(mapfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return $map(validate(this), mapfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayReduce.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayReduceRight.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    reverse: function reverse() {\n      var that = this;\n      var length = validate(that).length;\n      var middle = Math.floor(length / 2);\n      var index = 0;\n      var value;\n      while (index < middle) {\n        value = that[index];\n        that[index++] = that[--length];\n        that[length] = value;\n      } return that;\n    },\n    some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arraySome(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    sort: function sort(comparefn) {\n      return arraySort.call(validate(this), comparefn);\n    },\n    subarray: function subarray(begin, end) {\n      var O = validate(this);\n      var length = O.length;\n      var $begin = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, length);\n      return new (speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]))(\n        O.buffer,\n        O.byteOffset + $begin * O.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,\n        toLength((end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length)) - $begin)\n      );\n    }\n  };\n\n  var $slice = function slice(start, end) {\n    return speciesFromList(this, arraySlice.call(validate(this), start, end));\n  };\n\n  var $set = function set(arrayLike /* , offset */) {\n    validate(this);\n    var offset = toOffset(arguments[1], 1);\n    var length = this.length;\n    var src = toObject(arrayLike);\n    var len = toLength(src.length);\n    var index = 0;\n    if (len + offset > length) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n    while (index < len) this[offset + index] = src[index++];\n  };\n\n  var $iterators = {\n    entries: function entries() {\n      return arrayEntries.call(validate(this));\n    },\n    keys: function keys() {\n      return arrayKeys.call(validate(this));\n    },\n    values: function values() {\n      return arrayValues.call(validate(this));\n    }\n  };\n\n  var isTAIndex = function (target, key) {\n    return isObject(target)\n      && target[TYPED_ARRAY]\n      && typeof key != 'symbol'\n      && key in target\n      && String(+key) == String(key);\n  };\n  var $getDesc = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) {\n    return isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))\n      ? propertyDesc(2, target[key])\n      : gOPD(target, key);\n  };\n  var $setDesc = function defineProperty(target, key, desc) {\n    if (isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))\n      && isObject(desc)\n      && has(desc, 'value')\n      && !has(desc, 'get')\n      && !has(desc, 'set')\n      // TODO: add validation descriptor w/o calling accessors\n      && !desc.configurable\n      && (!has(desc, 'writable') || desc.writable)\n      && (!has(desc, 'enumerable') || desc.enumerable)\n    ) {\n      target[key] = desc.value;\n      return target;\n    } return dP(target, key, desc);\n  };\n\n  if (!ALL_CONSTRUCTORS) {\n    $GOPD.f = $getDesc;\n    $DP.f = $setDesc;\n  }\n\n  $export($export.S + $export.F * !ALL_CONSTRUCTORS, 'Object', {\n    getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getDesc,\n    defineProperty: $setDesc\n  });\n\n  if (fails(function () { arrayToString.call({}); })) {\n    arrayToString = arrayToLocaleString = function toString() {\n      return arrayJoin.call(this);\n    };\n  }\n\n  var $TypedArrayPrototype$ = redefineAll({}, proto);\n  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, $iterators);\n  hide($TypedArrayPrototype$, ITERATOR, $iterators.values);\n  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, {\n    slice: $slice,\n    set: $set,\n    constructor: function () { /* noop */ },\n    toString: arrayToString,\n    toLocaleString: $toLocaleString\n  });\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'buffer', 'b');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteOffset', 'o');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteLength', 'l');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'length', 'e');\n  dP($TypedArrayPrototype$, TAG, {\n    get: function () { return this[TYPED_ARRAY]; }\n  });\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements\n  module.exports = function (KEY, BYTES, wrapper, CLAMPED) {\n    CLAMPED = !!CLAMPED;\n    var NAME = KEY + (CLAMPED ? 'Clamped' : '') + 'Array';\n    var GETTER = 'get' + KEY;\n    var SETTER = 'set' + KEY;\n    var TypedArray = global[NAME];\n    var Base = TypedArray || {};\n    var TAC = TypedArray && getPrototypeOf(TypedArray);\n    var FORCED = !TypedArray || !$typed.ABV;\n    var O = {};\n    var TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray && TypedArray[PROTOTYPE];\n    var getter = function (that, index) {\n      var data = that._d;\n      return data.v[GETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, LITTLE_ENDIAN);\n    };\n    var setter = function (that, index, value) {\n      var data = that._d;\n      if (CLAMPED) value = (value = Math.round(value)) < 0 ? 0 : value > 0xff ? 0xff : value & 0xff;\n      data.v[SETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, value, LITTLE_ENDIAN);\n    };\n    var addElement = function (that, index) {\n      dP(that, index, {\n        get: function () {\n          return getter(this, index);\n        },\n        set: function (value) {\n          return setter(this, index, value);\n        },\n        enumerable: true\n      });\n    };\n    if (FORCED) {\n      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {\n        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME, '_d');\n        var index = 0;\n        var offset = 0;\n        var buffer, byteLength, length, klass;\n        if (!isObject(data)) {\n          length = toIndex(data);\n          byteLength = length * BYTES;\n          buffer = new $ArrayBuffer(byteLength);\n        } else if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {\n          buffer = data;\n          offset = toOffset($offset, BYTES);\n          var $len = data.byteLength;\n          if ($length === undefined) {\n            if ($len % BYTES) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n            byteLength = $len - offset;\n            if (byteLength < 0) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n          } else {\n            byteLength = toLength($length) * BYTES;\n            if (byteLength + offset > $len) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n          }\n          length = byteLength / BYTES;\n        } else if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) {\n          return fromList(TypedArray, data);\n        } else {\n          return $from.call(TypedArray, data);\n        }\n        hide(that, '_d', {\n          b: buffer,\n          o: offset,\n          l: byteLength,\n          e: length,\n          v: new $DataView(buffer)\n        });\n        while (index < length) addElement(that, index++);\n      });\n      TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = create($TypedArrayPrototype$);\n      hide(TypedArrayPrototype, 'constructor', TypedArray);\n    } else if (!fails(function () {\n      TypedArray(1);\n    }) || !fails(function () {\n      new TypedArray(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    }) || !$iterDetect(function (iter) {\n      new TypedArray(); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(null); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(iter); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    }, true)) {\n      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {\n        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME);\n        var klass;\n        // `ws` module bug, temporarily remove validation length for Uint8Array\n        // https://github.com/websockets/ws/pull/645\n        if (!isObject(data)) return new Base(toIndex(data));\n        if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {\n          return $length !== undefined\n            ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES), $length)\n            : $offset !== undefined\n              ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES))\n              : new Base(data);\n        }\n        if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) return fromList(TypedArray, data);\n        return $from.call(TypedArray, data);\n      });\n      arrayForEach(TAC !== Function.prototype ? gOPN(Base).concat(gOPN(TAC)) : gOPN(Base), function (key) {\n        if (!(key in TypedArray)) hide(TypedArray, key, Base[key]);\n      });\n      TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = TypedArrayPrototype;\n      if (!LIBRARY) TypedArrayPrototype.constructor = TypedArray;\n    }\n    var $nativeIterator = TypedArrayPrototype[ITERATOR];\n    var CORRECT_ITER_NAME = !!$nativeIterator\n      && ($nativeIterator.name == 'values' || $nativeIterator.name == undefined);\n    var $iterator = $iterators.values;\n    hide(TypedArray, TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR, true);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, TYPED_ARRAY, NAME);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, VIEW, true);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, DEF_CONSTRUCTOR, TypedArray);\n\n    if (CLAMPED ? new TypedArray(1)[TAG] != NAME : !(TAG in TypedArrayPrototype)) {\n      dP(TypedArrayPrototype, TAG, {\n        get: function () { return NAME; }\n      });\n    }\n\n    O[NAME] = TypedArray;\n\n    $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (TypedArray != Base), O);\n\n    $export($export.S, NAME, {\n      BYTES_PER_ELEMENT: BYTES\n    });\n\n    $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { Base.of.call(TypedArray, 1); }), NAME, {\n      from: $from,\n      of: $of\n    });\n\n    if (!(BYTES_PER_ELEMENT in TypedArrayPrototype)) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, BYTES);\n\n    $export($export.P, NAME, proto);\n\n    setSpecies(NAME);\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCED_SET, NAME, { set: $set });\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * !CORRECT_ITER_NAME, NAME, $iterators);\n\n    if (!LIBRARY && TypedArrayPrototype.toString != arrayToString) TypedArrayPrototype.toString = arrayToString;\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {\n      new TypedArray(1).slice();\n    }), NAME, { slice: $slice });\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {\n      return [1, 2].toLocaleString() != new TypedArray([1, 2]).toLocaleString();\n    }) || !fails(function () {\n      TypedArrayPrototype.toLocaleString.call([1, 2]);\n    })), NAME, { toLocaleString: $toLocaleString });\n\n    Iterators[NAME] = CORRECT_ITER_NAME ? $nativeIterator : $iterator;\n    if (!LIBRARY && !CORRECT_ITER_NAME) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, ITERATOR, $iterator);\n  };\n} else module.exports = function () { /* empty */ };\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar $typed = require('./_typed');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toIndex = require('./_to-index');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar arrayFill = require('./_array-fill');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\nvar DATA_VIEW = 'DataView';\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';\nvar WRONG_INDEX = 'Wrong index!';\nvar $ArrayBuffer = global[ARRAY_BUFFER];\nvar $DataView = global[DATA_VIEW];\nvar Math = global.Math;\nvar RangeError = global.RangeError;\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow-restricted-names\nvar Infinity = global.Infinity;\nvar BaseBuffer = $ArrayBuffer;\nvar abs = Math.abs;\nvar pow = Math.pow;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar log = Math.log;\nvar LN2 = Math.LN2;\nvar BUFFER = 'buffer';\nvar BYTE_LENGTH = 'byteLength';\nvar BYTE_OFFSET = 'byteOffset';\nvar $BUFFER = DESCRIPTORS ? '_b' : BUFFER;\nvar $LENGTH = DESCRIPTORS ? '_l' : BYTE_LENGTH;\nvar $OFFSET = DESCRIPTORS ? '_o' : BYTE_OFFSET;\n\n// IEEE754 conversions based on https://github.com/feross/ieee754\nfunction packIEEE754(value, mLen, nBytes) {\n  var buffer = new Array(nBytes);\n  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;\n  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;\n  var eBias = eMax >> 1;\n  var rt = mLen === 23 ? pow(2, -24) - pow(2, -77) : 0;\n  var i = 0;\n  var s = value < 0 || value === 0 && 1 / value < 0 ? 1 : 0;\n  var e, m, c;\n  value = abs(value);\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  if (value != value || value === Infinity) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    m = value != value ? 1 : 0;\n    e = eMax;\n  } else {\n    e = floor(log(value) / LN2);\n    if (value * (c = pow(2, -e)) < 1) {\n      e--;\n      c *= 2;\n    }\n    if (e + eBias >= 1) {\n      value += rt / c;\n    } else {\n      value += rt * pow(2, 1 - eBias);\n    }\n    if (value * c >= 2) {\n      e++;\n      c /= 2;\n    }\n    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {\n      m = 0;\n      e = eMax;\n    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {\n      m = (value * c - 1) * pow(2, mLen);\n      e = e + eBias;\n    } else {\n      m = value * pow(2, eBias - 1) * pow(2, mLen);\n      e = 0;\n    }\n  }\n  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[i++] = m & 255, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);\n  e = e << mLen | m;\n  eLen += mLen;\n  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[i++] = e & 255, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);\n  buffer[--i] |= s * 128;\n  return buffer;\n}\nfunction unpackIEEE754(buffer, mLen, nBytes) {\n  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;\n  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;\n  var eBias = eMax >> 1;\n  var nBits = eLen - 7;\n  var i = nBytes - 1;\n  var s = buffer[i--];\n  var e = s & 127;\n  var m;\n  s >>= 7;\n  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);\n  m = e & (1 << -nBits) - 1;\n  e >>= -nBits;\n  nBits += mLen;\n  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);\n  if (e === 0) {\n    e = 1 - eBias;\n  } else if (e === eMax) {\n    return m ? NaN : s ? -Infinity : Infinity;\n  } else {\n    m = m + pow(2, mLen);\n    e = e - eBias;\n  } return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * pow(2, e - mLen);\n}\n\nfunction unpackI32(bytes) {\n  return bytes[3] << 24 | bytes[2] << 16 | bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];\n}\nfunction packI8(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packI16(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packI32(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff, it >> 16 & 0xff, it >> 24 & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packF64(it) {\n  return packIEEE754(it, 52, 8);\n}\nfunction packF32(it) {\n  return packIEEE754(it, 23, 4);\n}\n\nfunction addGetter(C, key, internal) {\n  dP(C[PROTOTYPE], key, { get: function () { return this[internal]; } });\n}\n\nfunction get(view, bytes, index, isLittleEndian) {\n  var numIndex = +index;\n  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);\n  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);\n  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;\n  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];\n  var pack = store.slice(start, start + bytes);\n  return isLittleEndian ? pack : pack.reverse();\n}\nfunction set(view, bytes, index, conversion, value, isLittleEndian) {\n  var numIndex = +index;\n  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);\n  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);\n  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;\n  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];\n  var pack = conversion(+value);\n  for (var i = 0; i < bytes; i++) store[start + i] = pack[isLittleEndian ? i : bytes - i - 1];\n}\n\nif (!$typed.ABV) {\n  $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {\n    anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);\n    var byteLength = toIndex(length);\n    this._b = arrayFill.call(new Array(byteLength), 0);\n    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;\n  };\n\n  $DataView = function DataView(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength) {\n    anInstance(this, $DataView, DATA_VIEW);\n    anInstance(buffer, $ArrayBuffer, DATA_VIEW);\n    var bufferLength = buffer[$LENGTH];\n    var offset = toInteger(byteOffset);\n    if (offset < 0 || offset > bufferLength) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');\n    byteLength = byteLength === undefined ? bufferLength - offset : toLength(byteLength);\n    if (offset + byteLength > bufferLength) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n    this[$BUFFER] = buffer;\n    this[$OFFSET] = offset;\n    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;\n  };\n\n  if (DESCRIPTORS) {\n    addGetter($ArrayBuffer, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');\n    addGetter($DataView, BUFFER, '_b');\n    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');\n    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_OFFSET, '_o');\n  }\n\n  redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {\n    getInt8: function getInt8(byteOffset) {\n      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0] << 24 >> 24;\n    },\n    getUint8: function getUint8(byteOffset) {\n      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0];\n    },\n    getInt16: function getInt16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);\n      return (bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0]) << 16 >> 16;\n    },\n    getUint16: function getUint16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);\n      return bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];\n    },\n    getInt32: function getInt32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]));\n    },\n    getUint32: function getUint32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1])) >>> 0;\n    },\n    getFloat32: function getFloat32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 23, 4);\n    },\n    getFloat64: function getFloat64(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 8, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 52, 8);\n    },\n    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {\n      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);\n    },\n    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {\n      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);\n    },\n    setInt16: function setInt16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setUint16: function setUint16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setInt32: function setInt32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setUint32: function setUint32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setFloat32: function setFloat32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packF32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setFloat64: function setFloat64(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 8, byteOffset, packF64, value, arguments[2]);\n    }\n  });\n} else {\n  if (!fails(function () {\n    $ArrayBuffer(1);\n  }) || !fails(function () {\n    new $ArrayBuffer(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n  }) || fails(function () {\n    new $ArrayBuffer(); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    new $ArrayBuffer(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    new $ArrayBuffer(NaN); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    return $ArrayBuffer.name != ARRAY_BUFFER;\n  })) {\n    $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {\n      anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer);\n      return new BaseBuffer(toIndex(length));\n    };\n    var ArrayBufferProto = $ArrayBuffer[PROTOTYPE] = BaseBuffer[PROTOTYPE];\n    for (var keys = gOPN(BaseBuffer), j = 0, key; keys.length > j;) {\n      if (!((key = keys[j++]) in $ArrayBuffer)) hide($ArrayBuffer, key, BaseBuffer[key]);\n    }\n    if (!LIBRARY) ArrayBufferProto.constructor = $ArrayBuffer;\n  }\n  // iOS Safari 7.x bug\n  var view = new $DataView(new $ArrayBuffer(2));\n  var $setInt8 = $DataView[PROTOTYPE].setInt8;\n  view.setInt8(0, 2147483648);\n  view.setInt8(1, 2147483649);\n  if (view.getInt8(0) || !view.getInt8(1)) redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {\n    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {\n      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);\n    },\n    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {\n      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);\n    }\n  }, true);\n}\nsetToStringTag($ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);\nsetToStringTag($DataView, DATA_VIEW);\nhide($DataView[PROTOTYPE], $typed.VIEW, true);\nexports[ARRAY_BUFFER] = $ArrayBuffer;\nexports[DATA_VIEW] = $DataView;\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar TYPED = uid('typed_array');\nvar VIEW = uid('view');\nvar ABV = !!(global.ArrayBuffer && global.DataView);\nvar CONSTR = ABV;\nvar i = 0;\nvar l = 9;\nvar Typed;\n\nvar TypedArrayConstructors = (\n  'Int8Array,Uint8Array,Uint8ClampedArray,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array'\n).split(',');\n\nwhile (i < l) {\n  if (Typed = global[TypedArrayConstructors[i++]]) {\n    hide(Typed.prototype, TYPED, true);\n    hide(Typed.prototype, VIEW, true);\n  } else CONSTR = false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  ABV: ABV,\n  CONSTR: CONSTR,\n  TYPED: TYPED,\n  VIEW: VIEW\n};\n","var id = 0;\nvar px = Math.random();\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  return 'Symbol('.concat(key === undefined ? '' : key, ')_', (++id + px).toString(36));\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar navigator = global.navigator;\n\nmodule.exports = navigator && navigator.userAgent || '';\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nmodule.exports = function (it, TYPE) {\n  if (!isObject(it) || it._t !== TYPE) throw TypeError('Incompatible receiver, ' + TYPE + ' required!');\n  return it;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar wksExt = require('./_wks-ext');\nvar defineProperty = require('./_object-dp').f;\nmodule.exports = function (name) {\n  var $Symbol = core.Symbol || (core.Symbol = LIBRARY ? {} : global.Symbol || {});\n  if (name.charAt(0) != '_' && !(name in $Symbol)) defineProperty($Symbol, name, { value: wksExt.f(name) });\n};\n","exports.f = require('./_wks');\n","var store = require('./_shared')('wks');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar Symbol = require('./_global').Symbol;\nvar USE_SYMBOL = typeof Symbol == 'function';\n\nvar $exports = module.exports = function (name) {\n  return store[name] || (store[name] =\n    USE_SYMBOL && Symbol[name] || (USE_SYMBOL ? Symbol : uid)('Symbol.' + name));\n};\n\n$exports.store = store;\n","var classof = require('./_classof');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nmodule.exports = require('./_core').getIteratorMethod = function (it) {\n  if (it != undefined) return it[ITERATOR]\n    || it['@@iterator']\n    || Iterators[classof(it)];\n};\n","// https://github.com/benjamingr/RexExp.escape\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $re = require('./_replacer')(/[\\\\^$*+?.()|[\\]{}]/g, '\\\\$&');\n\n$export($export.S, 'RegExp', { escape: function escape(it) { return $re(it); } });\n","// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', { copyWithin: require('./_array-copy-within') });\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('copyWithin');\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $every = require('./_array-methods')(4);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].every, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.5 / 15.4.4.16 Array.prototype.every(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $every(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', { fill: require('./_array-fill') });\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('fill');\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $filter = require('./_array-methods')(2);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].filter, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.7 / 15.4.4.20 Array.prototype.filter(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $filter(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.9 Array.prototype.findIndex(predicate, thisArg = undefined)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $find = require('./_array-methods')(6);\nvar KEY = 'findIndex';\nvar forced = true;\n// Shouldn't skip holes\nif (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });\n$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {\n  findIndex: function findIndex(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')(KEY);\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.8 Array.prototype.find(predicate, thisArg = undefined)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $find = require('./_array-methods')(5);\nvar KEY = 'find';\nvar forced = true;\n// Shouldn't skip holes\nif (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });\n$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {\n  find: function find(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')(KEY);\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $forEach = require('./_array-methods')(0);\nvar STRICT = require('./_strict-method')([].forEach, true);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !STRICT, 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.10 / 15.4.4.18 Array.prototype.forEach(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $forEach(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar call = require('./_iter-call');\nvar isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\nvar getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_iter-detect')(function (iter) { Array.from(iter); }), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.2.1 Array.from(arrayLike, mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined)\n  from: function from(arrayLike /* , mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined */) {\n    var O = toObject(arrayLike);\n    var C = typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;\n    var index = 0;\n    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);\n    var length, result, step, iterator;\n    if (mapping) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined, 2);\n    // if object isn't iterable or it's array with default iterator - use simple case\n    if (iterFn != undefined && !(C == Array && isArrayIter(iterFn))) {\n      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), result = new C(); !(step = iterator.next()).done; index++) {\n        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? call(iterator, mapfn, [step.value, index], true) : step.value);\n      }\n    } else {\n      length = toLength(O.length);\n      for (result = new C(length); length > index; index++) {\n        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? mapfn(O[index], index) : O[index]);\n      }\n    }\n    result.length = index;\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $indexOf = require('./_array-includes')(false);\nvar $native = [].indexOf;\nvar NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].indexOf(1, -0) < 0;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !require('./_strict-method')($native)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.11 / 15.4.4.14 Array.prototype.indexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])\n  indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {\n    return NEGATIVE_ZERO\n      // convert -0 to +0\n      ? $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0\n      : $indexOf(this, searchElement, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","// 22.1.2.2 / 15.4.3.2 Array.isArray(arg)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Array', { isArray: require('./_is-array') });\n","'use strict';\nvar addToUnscopables = require('./_add-to-unscopables');\nvar step = require('./_iter-step');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\n\n// 22.1.3.4 Array.prototype.entries()\n// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.keys()\n// 22.1.3.29 Array.prototype.values()\n// 22.1.3.30 Array.prototype[@@iterator]()\nmodule.exports = require('./_iter-define')(Array, 'Array', function (iterated, kind) {\n  this._t = toIObject(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                   // next index\n  this._k = kind;                // kind\n// 22.1.5.2.1 %ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next()\n}, function () {\n  var O = this._t;\n  var kind = this._k;\n  var index = this._i++;\n  if (!O || index >= O.length) {\n    this._t = undefined;\n    return step(1);\n  }\n  if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, index);\n  if (kind == 'values') return step(0, O[index]);\n  return step(0, [index, O[index]]);\n}, 'values');\n\n// argumentsList[@@iterator] is %ArrayProto_values% (9.4.4.6, 9.4.4.7)\nIterators.Arguments = Iterators.Array;\n\naddToUnscopables('keys');\naddToUnscopables('values');\naddToUnscopables('entries');\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.join(separator)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar arrayJoin = [].join;\n\n// fallback for not array-like strings\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (require('./_iobject') != Object || !require('./_strict-method')(arrayJoin)), 'Array', {\n  join: function join(separator) {\n    return arrayJoin.call(toIObject(this), separator === undefined ? ',' : separator);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar $native = [].lastIndexOf;\nvar NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].lastIndexOf(1, -0) < 0;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !require('./_strict-method')($native)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.14 / 15.4.4.15 Array.prototype.lastIndexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])\n  lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = @[*-1] */) {\n    // convert -0 to +0\n    if (NEGATIVE_ZERO) return $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0;\n    var O = toIObject(this);\n    var length = toLength(O.length);\n    var index = length - 1;\n    if (arguments.length > 1) index = Math.min(index, toInteger(arguments[1]));\n    if (index < 0) index = length + index;\n    for (;index >= 0; index--) if (index in O) if (O[index] === searchElement) return index || 0;\n    return -1;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $map = require('./_array-methods')(1);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].map, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.15 / 15.4.4.19 Array.prototype.map(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  map: function map(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $map(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\n\n// WebKit Array.of isn't generic\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  return !(Array.of.call(F) instanceof F);\n}), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.2.3 Array.of( ...items)\n  of: function of(/* ...args */) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var result = new (typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array)(aLen);\n    while (aLen > index) createProperty(result, index, arguments[index++]);\n    result.length = aLen;\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $reduce = require('./_array-reduce');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].reduceRight, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.19 / 15.4.4.22 Array.prototype.reduceRight(callbackfn [, initialValue])\n  reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {\n    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], true);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $reduce = require('./_array-reduce');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].reduce, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.18 / 15.4.4.21 Array.prototype.reduce(callbackfn [, initialValue])\n  reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {\n    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], false);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar html = require('./_html');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar arraySlice = [].slice;\n\n// fallback for not array-like ES3 strings and DOM objects\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  if (html) arraySlice.call(html);\n}), 'Array', {\n  slice: function slice(begin, end) {\n    var len = toLength(this.length);\n    var klass = cof(this);\n    end = end === undefined ? len : end;\n    if (klass == 'Array') return arraySlice.call(this, begin, end);\n    var start = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, len);\n    var upTo = toAbsoluteIndex(end, len);\n    var size = toLength(upTo - start);\n    var cloned = new Array(size);\n    var i = 0;\n    for (; i < size; i++) cloned[i] = klass == 'String'\n      ? this.charAt(start + i)\n      : this[start + i];\n    return cloned;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $some = require('./_array-methods')(3);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].some, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.23 / 15.4.4.17 Array.prototype.some(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $some(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $sort = [].sort;\nvar test = [1, 2, 3];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {\n  // IE8-\n  test.sort(undefined);\n}) || !fails(function () {\n  // V8 bug\n  test.sort(null);\n  // Old WebKit\n}) || !require('./_strict-method')($sort)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.25 Array.prototype.sort(comparefn)\n  sort: function sort(comparefn) {\n    return comparefn === undefined\n      ? $sort.call(toObject(this))\n      : $sort.call(toObject(this), aFunction(comparefn));\n  }\n});\n","require('./_set-species')('Array');\n","// 20.3.3.1 / 15.9.4.4 Date.now()\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Date', { now: function () { return new Date().getTime(); } });\n","// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toISOString = require('./_date-to-iso-string');\n\n// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (Date.prototype.toISOString !== toISOString), 'Date', {\n  toISOString: toISOString\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return new Date(NaN).toJSON() !== null\n    || Date.prototype.toJSON.call({ toISOString: function () { return 1; } }) !== 1;\n}), 'Date', {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\n  toJSON: function toJSON(key) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var pv = toPrimitive(O);\n    return typeof pv == 'number' && !isFinite(pv) ? null : O.toISOString();\n  }\n});\n","var TO_PRIMITIVE = require('./_wks')('toPrimitive');\nvar proto = Date.prototype;\n\nif (!(TO_PRIMITIVE in proto)) require('./_hide')(proto, TO_PRIMITIVE, require('./_date-to-primitive'));\n","var DateProto = Date.prototype;\nvar INVALID_DATE = 'Invalid Date';\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar $toString = DateProto[TO_STRING];\nvar getTime = DateProto.getTime;\nif (new Date(NaN) + '' != INVALID_DATE) {\n  require('./_redefine')(DateProto, TO_STRING, function toString() {\n    var value = getTime.call(this);\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    return value === value ? $toString.call(this) : INVALID_DATE;\n  });\n}\n","// 19.2.3.2 / 15.3.4.5 Function.prototype.bind(thisArg, args...)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Function', { bind: require('./_bind') });\n","'use strict';\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar HAS_INSTANCE = require('./_wks')('hasInstance');\nvar FunctionProto = Function.prototype;\n// 19.2.3.6 Function.prototype[@@hasInstance](V)\nif (!(HAS_INSTANCE in FunctionProto)) require('./_object-dp').f(FunctionProto, HAS_INSTANCE, { value: function (O) {\n  if (typeof this != 'function' || !isObject(O)) return false;\n  if (!isObject(this.prototype)) return O instanceof this;\n  // for environment w/o native `@@hasInstance` logic enough `instanceof`, but add this:\n  while (O = getPrototypeOf(O)) if (this.prototype === O) return true;\n  return false;\n} });\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar FProto = Function.prototype;\nvar nameRE = /^\\s*function ([^ (]*)/;\nvar NAME = 'name';\n\n// 19.2.4.2 name\nNAME in FProto || require('./_descriptors') && dP(FProto, NAME, {\n  configurable: true,\n  get: function () {\n    try {\n      return ('' + this).match(nameRE)[1];\n    } catch (e) {\n      return '';\n    }\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar strong = require('./_collection-strong');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar MAP = 'Map';\n\n// 23.1 Map Objects\nmodule.exports = require('./_collection')(MAP, function (get) {\n  return function Map() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.1.3.6 Map.prototype.get(key)\n  get: function get(key) {\n    var entry = strong.getEntry(validate(this, MAP), key);\n    return entry && entry.v;\n  },\n  // 23.1.3.9 Map.prototype.set(key, value)\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    return strong.def(validate(this, MAP), key === 0 ? 0 : key, value);\n  }\n}, strong, true);\n","// 20.2.2.3 Math.acosh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar log1p = require('./_math-log1p');\nvar sqrt = Math.sqrt;\nvar $acosh = Math.acosh;\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($acosh\n  // V8 bug: https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3509\n  && Math.floor($acosh(Number.MAX_VALUE)) == 710\n  // Tor Browser bug: Math.acosh(Infinity) -> NaN\n  && $acosh(Infinity) == Infinity\n), 'Math', {\n  acosh: function acosh(x) {\n    return (x = +x) < 1 ? NaN : x > 94906265.62425156\n      ? Math.log(x) + Math.LN2\n      : log1p(x - 1 + sqrt(x - 1) * sqrt(x + 1));\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.5 Math.asinh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $asinh = Math.asinh;\n\nfunction asinh(x) {\n  return !isFinite(x = +x) || x == 0 ? x : x < 0 ? -asinh(-x) : Math.log(x + Math.sqrt(x * x + 1));\n}\n\n// Tor Browser bug: Math.asinh(0) -> -0\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($asinh && 1 / $asinh(0) > 0), 'Math', { asinh: asinh });\n","// 20.2.2.7 Math.atanh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $atanh = Math.atanh;\n\n// Tor Browser bug: Math.atanh(-0) -> 0\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($atanh && 1 / $atanh(-0) < 0), 'Math', {\n  atanh: function atanh(x) {\n    return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : Math.log((1 + x) / (1 - x)) / 2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.9 Math.cbrt(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar sign = require('./_math-sign');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  cbrt: function cbrt(x) {\n    return sign(x = +x) * Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 1 / 3);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.11 Math.clz32(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  clz32: function clz32(x) {\n    return (x >>>= 0) ? 31 - Math.floor(Math.log(x + 0.5) * Math.LOG2E) : 32;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.12 Math.cosh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  cosh: function cosh(x) {\n    return (exp(x = +x) + exp(-x)) / 2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * ($expm1 != Math.expm1), 'Math', { expm1: $expm1 });\n","// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { fround: require('./_math-fround') });\n","// 20.2.2.17 Math.hypot([value1[, value2[, … ]]])\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar abs = Math.abs;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  hypot: function hypot(value1, value2) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var sum = 0;\n    var i = 0;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var larg = 0;\n    var arg, div;\n    while (i < aLen) {\n      arg = abs(arguments[i++]);\n      if (larg < arg) {\n        div = larg / arg;\n        sum = sum * div * div + 1;\n        larg = arg;\n      } else if (arg > 0) {\n        div = arg / larg;\n        sum += div * div;\n      } else sum += arg;\n    }\n    return larg === Infinity ? Infinity : larg * Math.sqrt(sum);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.18 Math.imul(x, y)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $imul = Math.imul;\n\n// some WebKit versions fails with big numbers, some has wrong arity\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return $imul(0xffffffff, 5) != -5 || $imul.length != 2;\n}), 'Math', {\n  imul: function imul(x, y) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var xn = +x;\n    var yn = +y;\n    var xl = UINT16 & xn;\n    var yl = UINT16 & yn;\n    return 0 | xl * yl + ((UINT16 & xn >>> 16) * yl + xl * (UINT16 & yn >>> 16) << 16 >>> 0);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.21 Math.log10(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  log10: function log10(x) {\n    return Math.log(x) * Math.LOG10E;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { log1p: require('./_math-log1p') });\n","// 20.2.2.22 Math.log2(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  log2: function log2(x) {\n    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { sign: require('./_math-sign') });\n","// 20.2.2.30 Math.sinh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n// V8 near Chromium 38 has a problem with very small numbers\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return !Math.sinh(-2e-17) != -2e-17;\n}), 'Math', {\n  sinh: function sinh(x) {\n    return Math.abs(x = +x) < 1\n      ? (expm1(x) - expm1(-x)) / 2\n      : (exp(x - 1) - exp(-x - 1)) * (Math.E / 2);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.33 Math.tanh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  tanh: function tanh(x) {\n    var a = expm1(x = +x);\n    var b = expm1(-x);\n    return a == Infinity ? 1 : b == Infinity ? -1 : (a - b) / (exp(x) + exp(-x));\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.34 Math.trunc(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  trunc: function trunc(it) {\n    return (it > 0 ? Math.floor : Math.ceil)(it);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd').f;\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\nvar NUMBER = 'Number';\nvar $Number = global[NUMBER];\nvar Base = $Number;\nvar proto = $Number.prototype;\n// Opera ~12 has broken Object#toString\nvar BROKEN_COF = cof(require('./_object-create')(proto)) == NUMBER;\nvar TRIM = 'trim' in String.prototype;\n\n// 7.1.3 ToNumber(argument)\nvar toNumber = function (argument) {\n  var it = toPrimitive(argument, false);\n  if (typeof it == 'string' && it.length > 2) {\n    it = TRIM ? it.trim() : $trim(it, 3);\n    var first = it.charCodeAt(0);\n    var third, radix, maxCode;\n    if (first === 43 || first === 45) {\n      third = it.charCodeAt(2);\n      if (third === 88 || third === 120) return NaN; // Number('+0x1') should be NaN, old V8 fix\n    } else if (first === 48) {\n      switch (it.charCodeAt(1)) {\n        case 66: case 98: radix = 2; maxCode = 49; break; // fast equal /^0b[01]+$/i\n        case 79: case 111: radix = 8; maxCode = 55; break; // fast equal /^0o[0-7]+$/i\n        default: return +it;\n      }\n      for (var digits = it.slice(2), i = 0, l = digits.length, code; i < l; i++) {\n        code = digits.charCodeAt(i);\n        // parseInt parses a string to a first unavailable symbol\n        // but ToNumber should return NaN if a string contains unavailable symbols\n        if (code < 48 || code > maxCode) return NaN;\n      } return parseInt(digits, radix);\n    }\n  } return +it;\n};\n\nif (!$Number(' 0o1') || !$Number('0b1') || $Number('+0x1')) {\n  $Number = function Number(value) {\n    var it = arguments.length < 1 ? 0 : value;\n    var that = this;\n    return that instanceof $Number\n      // check on 1..constructor(foo) case\n      && (BROKEN_COF ? fails(function () { proto.valueOf.call(that); }) : cof(that) != NUMBER)\n        ? inheritIfRequired(new Base(toNumber(it)), that, $Number) : toNumber(it);\n  };\n  for (var keys = require('./_descriptors') ? gOPN(Base) : (\n    // ES3:\n    'MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,NEGATIVE_INFINITY,POSITIVE_INFINITY,' +\n    // ES6 (in case, if modules with ES6 Number statics required before):\n    'EPSILON,isFinite,isInteger,isNaN,isSafeInteger,MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,' +\n    'MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,parseFloat,parseInt,isInteger'\n  ).split(','), j = 0, key; keys.length > j; j++) {\n    if (has(Base, key = keys[j]) && !has($Number, key)) {\n      dP($Number, key, gOPD(Base, key));\n    }\n  }\n  $Number.prototype = proto;\n  proto.constructor = $Number;\n  require('./_redefine')(global, NUMBER, $Number);\n}\n","// 20.1.2.1 Number.EPSILON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { EPSILON: Math.pow(2, -52) });\n","// 20.1.2.2 Number.isFinite(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar _isFinite = require('./_global').isFinite;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isFinite: function isFinite(it) {\n    return typeof it == 'number' && _isFinite(it);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { isInteger: require('./_is-integer') });\n","// 20.1.2.4 Number.isNaN(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isNaN: function isNaN(number) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    return number != number;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.5 Number.isSafeInteger(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isInteger = require('./_is-integer');\nvar abs = Math.abs;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isSafeInteger: function isSafeInteger(number) {\n    return isInteger(number) && abs(number) <= 0x1fffffffffffff;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.6 Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { MAX_SAFE_INTEGER: 0x1fffffffffffff });\n","// 20.1.2.10 Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { MIN_SAFE_INTEGER: -0x1fffffffffffff });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseFloat = require('./_parse-float');\n// 20.1.2.12 Number.parseFloat(string)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseFloat != $parseFloat), 'Number', { parseFloat: $parseFloat });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseInt = require('./_parse-int');\n// 20.1.2.13 Number.parseInt(string, radix)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseInt != $parseInt), 'Number', { parseInt: $parseInt });\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar aNumberValue = require('./_a-number-value');\nvar repeat = require('./_string-repeat');\nvar $toFixed = 1.0.toFixed;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar data = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];\nvar ERROR = 'Number.toFixed: incorrect invocation!';\nvar ZERO = '0';\n\nvar multiply = function (n, c) {\n  var i = -1;\n  var c2 = c;\n  while (++i < 6) {\n    c2 += n * data[i];\n    data[i] = c2 % 1e7;\n    c2 = floor(c2 / 1e7);\n  }\n};\nvar divide = function (n) {\n  var i = 6;\n  var c = 0;\n  while (--i >= 0) {\n    c += data[i];\n    data[i] = floor(c / n);\n    c = (c % n) * 1e7;\n  }\n};\nvar numToString = function () {\n  var i = 6;\n  var s = '';\n  while (--i >= 0) {\n    if (s !== '' || i === 0 || data[i] !== 0) {\n      var t = String(data[i]);\n      s = s === '' ? t : s + repeat.call(ZERO, 7 - t.length) + t;\n    }\n  } return s;\n};\nvar pow = function (x, n, acc) {\n  return n === 0 ? acc : n % 2 === 1 ? pow(x, n - 1, acc * x) : pow(x * x, n / 2, acc);\n};\nvar log = function (x) {\n  var n = 0;\n  var x2 = x;\n  while (x2 >= 4096) {\n    n += 12;\n    x2 /= 4096;\n  }\n  while (x2 >= 2) {\n    n += 1;\n    x2 /= 2;\n  } return n;\n};\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (!!$toFixed && (\n  0.00008.toFixed(3) !== '0.000' ||\n  0.9.toFixed(0) !== '1' ||\n  1.255.toFixed(2) !== '1.25' ||\n  1000000000000000128.0.toFixed(0) !== '1000000000000000128'\n) || !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-\n  $toFixed.call({});\n})), 'Number', {\n  toFixed: function toFixed(fractionDigits) {\n    var x = aNumberValue(this, ERROR);\n    var f = toInteger(fractionDigits);\n    var s = '';\n    var m = ZERO;\n    var e, z, j, k;\n    if (f < 0 || f > 20) throw RangeError(ERROR);\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    if (x != x) return 'NaN';\n    if (x <= -1e21 || x >= 1e21) return String(x);\n    if (x < 0) {\n      s = '-';\n      x = -x;\n    }\n    if (x > 1e-21) {\n      e = log(x * pow(2, 69, 1)) - 69;\n      z = e < 0 ? x * pow(2, -e, 1) : x / pow(2, e, 1);\n      z *= 0x10000000000000;\n      e = 52 - e;\n      if (e > 0) {\n        multiply(0, z);\n        j = f;\n        while (j >= 7) {\n          multiply(1e7, 0);\n          j -= 7;\n        }\n        multiply(pow(10, j, 1), 0);\n        j = e - 1;\n        while (j >= 23) {\n          divide(1 << 23);\n          j -= 23;\n        }\n        divide(1 << j);\n        multiply(1, 1);\n        divide(2);\n        m = numToString();\n      } else {\n        multiply(0, z);\n        multiply(1 << -e, 0);\n        m = numToString() + repeat.call(ZERO, f);\n      }\n    }\n    if (f > 0) {\n      k = m.length;\n      m = s + (k <= f ? '0.' + repeat.call(ZERO, f - k) + m : m.slice(0, k - f) + '.' + m.slice(k - f));\n    } else {\n      m = s + m;\n    } return m;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\nvar aNumberValue = require('./_a-number-value');\nvar $toPrecision = 1.0.toPrecision;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * ($fails(function () {\n  // IE7-\n  return $toPrecision.call(1, undefined) !== '1';\n}) || !$fails(function () {\n  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-\n  $toPrecision.call({});\n})), 'Number', {\n  toPrecision: function toPrecision(precision) {\n    var that = aNumberValue(this, 'Number#toPrecision: incorrect invocation!');\n    return precision === undefined ? $toPrecision.call(that) : $toPrecision.call(that, precision);\n  }\n});\n","// 19.1.3.1 Object.assign(target, source)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F, 'Object', { assign: require('./_object-assign') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { create: require('./_object-create') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.3 / 15.2.3.7 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_descriptors'), 'Object', { defineProperties: require('./_object-dps') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.4 / 15.2.3.6 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_descriptors'), 'Object', { defineProperty: require('./_object-dp').f });\n","// 19.1.2.5 Object.freeze(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('freeze', function ($freeze) {\n  return function freeze(it) {\n    return $freeze && isObject(it) ? $freeze(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getOwnPropertyDescriptor', function () {\n  return function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {\n    return $getOwnPropertyDescriptor(toIObject(it), key);\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getOwnPropertyNames', function () {\n  return require('./_object-gopn-ext').f;\n});\n","// 19.1.2.9 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar $getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getPrototypeOf', function () {\n  return function getPrototypeOf(it) {\n    return $getPrototypeOf(toObject(it));\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.11 Object.isExtensible(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isExtensible', function ($isExtensible) {\n  return function isExtensible(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(it) : true : false;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.12 Object.isFrozen(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isFrozen', function ($isFrozen) {\n  return function isFrozen(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isFrozen ? $isFrozen(it) : false : true;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.13 Object.isSealed(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isSealed', function ($isSealed) {\n  return function isSealed(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isSealed ? $isSealed(it) : false : true;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.3.10 Object.is(value1, value2)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { is: require('./_same-value') });\n","// 19.1.2.14 Object.keys(O)\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('keys', function () {\n  return function keys(it) {\n    return $keys(toObject(it));\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.15 Object.preventExtensions(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('preventExtensions', function ($preventExtensions) {\n  return function preventExtensions(it) {\n    return $preventExtensions && isObject(it) ? $preventExtensions(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.17 Object.seal(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('seal', function ($seal) {\n  return function seal(it) {\n    return $seal && isObject(it) ? $seal(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.3.19 Object.setPrototypeOf(O, proto)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { setPrototypeOf: require('./_set-proto').set });\n","'use strict';\n// 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar test = {};\ntest[require('./_wks')('toStringTag')] = 'z';\nif (test + '' != '[object z]') {\n  require('./_redefine')(Object.prototype, 'toString', function toString() {\n    return '[object ' + classof(this) + ']';\n  }, true);\n}\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseFloat = require('./_parse-float');\n// 18.2.4 parseFloat(string)\n$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseFloat != $parseFloat), { parseFloat: $parseFloat });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseInt = require('./_parse-int');\n// 18.2.5 parseInt(string, radix)\n$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseInt != $parseInt), { parseInt: $parseInt });\n","'use strict';\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar task = require('./_task').set;\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar newPromiseCapabilityModule = require('./_new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('./_perform');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\nvar promiseResolve = require('./_promise-resolve');\nvar PROMISE = 'Promise';\nvar TypeError = global.TypeError;\nvar process = global.process;\nvar versions = process && process.versions;\nvar v8 = versions && versions.v8 || '';\nvar $Promise = global[PROMISE];\nvar isNode = classof(process) == 'process';\nvar empty = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar Internal, newGenericPromiseCapability, OwnPromiseCapability, Wrapper;\nvar newPromiseCapability = newGenericPromiseCapability = newPromiseCapabilityModule.f;\n\nvar USE_NATIVE = !!function () {\n  try {\n    // correct subclassing with @@species support\n    var promise = $Promise.resolve(1);\n    var FakePromise = (promise.constructor = {})[require('./_wks')('species')] = function (exec) {\n      exec(empty, empty);\n    };\n    // unhandled rejections tracking support, NodeJS Promise without it fails @@species test\n    return (isNode || typeof PromiseRejectionEvent == 'function')\n      && promise.then(empty) instanceof FakePromise\n      // v8 6.6 (Node 10 and Chrome 66) have a bug with resolving custom thenables\n      // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=830565\n      // we can't detect it synchronously, so just check versions\n      && v8.indexOf('6.6') !== 0\n      && userAgent.indexOf('Chrome/66') === -1;\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n}();\n\n// helpers\nvar isThenable = function (it) {\n  var then;\n  return isObject(it) && typeof (then = it.then) == 'function' ? then : false;\n};\nvar notify = function (promise, isReject) {\n  if (promise._n) return;\n  promise._n = true;\n  var chain = promise._c;\n  microtask(function () {\n    var value = promise._v;\n    var ok = promise._s == 1;\n    var i = 0;\n    var run = function (reaction) {\n      var handler = ok ? reaction.ok : reaction.fail;\n      var resolve = reaction.resolve;\n      var reject = reaction.reject;\n      var domain = reaction.domain;\n      var result, then, exited;\n      try {\n        if (handler) {\n          if (!ok) {\n            if (promise._h == 2) onHandleUnhandled(promise);\n            promise._h = 1;\n          }\n          if (handler === true) result = value;\n          else {\n            if (domain) domain.enter();\n            result = handler(value); // may throw\n            if (domain) {\n              domain.exit();\n              exited = true;\n            }\n          }\n          if (result === reaction.promise) {\n            reject(TypeError('Promise-chain cycle'));\n          } else if (then = isThenable(result)) {\n            then.call(result, resolve, reject);\n          } else resolve(result);\n        } else reject(value);\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (domain && !exited) domain.exit();\n        reject(e);\n      }\n    };\n    while (chain.length > i) run(chain[i++]); // variable length - can't use forEach\n    promise._c = [];\n    promise._n = false;\n    if (isReject && !promise._h) onUnhandled(promise);\n  });\n};\nvar onUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  task.call(global, function () {\n    var value = promise._v;\n    var unhandled = isUnhandled(promise);\n    var result, handler, console;\n    if (unhandled) {\n      result = perform(function () {\n        if (isNode) {\n          process.emit('unhandledRejection', value, promise);\n        } else if (handler = global.onunhandledrejection) {\n          handler({ promise: promise, reason: value });\n        } else if ((console = global.console) && console.error) {\n          console.error('Unhandled promise rejection', value);\n        }\n      });\n      // Browsers should not trigger `rejectionHandled` event if it was handled here, NodeJS - should\n      promise._h = isNode || isUnhandled(promise) ? 2 : 1;\n    } promise._a = undefined;\n    if (unhandled && result.e) throw result.v;\n  });\n};\nvar isUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  return promise._h !== 1 && (promise._a || promise._c).length === 0;\n};\nvar onHandleUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  task.call(global, function () {\n    var handler;\n    if (isNode) {\n      process.emit('rejectionHandled', promise);\n    } else if (handler = global.onrejectionhandled) {\n      handler({ promise: promise, reason: promise._v });\n    }\n  });\n};\nvar $reject = function (value) {\n  var promise = this;\n  if (promise._d) return;\n  promise._d = true;\n  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap\n  promise._v = value;\n  promise._s = 2;\n  if (!promise._a) promise._a = promise._c.slice();\n  notify(promise, true);\n};\nvar $resolve = function (value) {\n  var promise = this;\n  var then;\n  if (promise._d) return;\n  promise._d = true;\n  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap\n  try {\n    if (promise === value) throw TypeError(\"Promise can't be resolved itself\");\n    if (then = isThenable(value)) {\n      microtask(function () {\n        var wrapper = { _w: promise, _d: false }; // wrap\n        try {\n          then.call(value, ctx($resolve, wrapper, 1), ctx($reject, wrapper, 1));\n        } catch (e) {\n          $reject.call(wrapper, e);\n        }\n      });\n    } else {\n      promise._v = value;\n      promise._s = 1;\n      notify(promise, false);\n    }\n  } catch (e) {\n    $reject.call({ _w: promise, _d: false }, e); // wrap\n  }\n};\n\n// constructor polyfill\nif (!USE_NATIVE) {\n  // 25.4.3.1 Promise(executor)\n  $Promise = function Promise(executor) {\n    anInstance(this, $Promise, PROMISE, '_h');\n    aFunction(executor);\n    Internal.call(this);\n    try {\n      executor(ctx($resolve, this, 1), ctx($reject, this, 1));\n    } catch (err) {\n      $reject.call(this, err);\n    }\n  };\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\n  Internal = function Promise(executor) {\n    this._c = [];             // <- awaiting reactions\n    this._a = undefined;      // <- checked in isUnhandled reactions\n    this._s = 0;              // <- state\n    this._d = false;          // <- done\n    this._v = undefined;      // <- value\n    this._h = 0;              // <- rejection state, 0 - default, 1 - handled, 2 - unhandled\n    this._n = false;          // <- notify\n  };\n  Internal.prototype = require('./_redefine-all')($Promise.prototype, {\n    // 25.4.5.3 Promise.prototype.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)\n    then: function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {\n      var reaction = newPromiseCapability(speciesConstructor(this, $Promise));\n      reaction.ok = typeof onFulfilled == 'function' ? onFulfilled : true;\n      reaction.fail = typeof onRejected == 'function' && onRejected;\n      reaction.domain = isNode ? process.domain : undefined;\n      this._c.push(reaction);\n      if (this._a) this._a.push(reaction);\n      if (this._s) notify(this, false);\n      return reaction.promise;\n    },\n    // 25.4.5.1 Promise.prototype.catch(onRejected)\n    'catch': function (onRejected) {\n      return this.then(undefined, onRejected);\n    }\n  });\n  OwnPromiseCapability = function () {\n    var promise = new Internal();\n    this.promise = promise;\n    this.resolve = ctx($resolve, promise, 1);\n    this.reject = ctx($reject, promise, 1);\n  };\n  newPromiseCapabilityModule.f = newPromiseCapability = function (C) {\n    return C === $Promise || C === Wrapper\n      ? new OwnPromiseCapability(C)\n      : newGenericPromiseCapability(C);\n  };\n}\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Promise: $Promise });\nrequire('./_set-to-string-tag')($Promise, PROMISE);\nrequire('./_set-species')(PROMISE);\nWrapper = require('./_core')[PROMISE];\n\n// statics\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.5 Promise.reject(r)\n  reject: function reject(r) {\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(this);\n    var $$reject = capability.reject;\n    $$reject(r);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (LIBRARY || !USE_NATIVE), PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.6 Promise.resolve(x)\n  resolve: function resolve(x) {\n    return promiseResolve(LIBRARY && this === Wrapper ? $Promise : this, x);\n  }\n});\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !(USE_NATIVE && require('./_iter-detect')(function (iter) {\n  $Promise.all(iter)['catch'](empty);\n})), PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.1 Promise.all(iterable)\n  all: function all(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);\n    var resolve = capability.resolve;\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      var values = [];\n      var index = 0;\n      var remaining = 1;\n      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {\n        var $index = index++;\n        var alreadyCalled = false;\n        values.push(undefined);\n        remaining++;\n        C.resolve(promise).then(function (value) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[$index] = value;\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        }, reject);\n      });\n      --remaining || resolve(values);\n    });\n    if (result.e) reject(result.v);\n    return capability.promise;\n  },\n  // 25.4.4.4 Promise.race(iterable)\n  race: function race(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {\n        C.resolve(promise).then(capability.resolve, reject);\n      });\n    });\n    if (result.e) reject(result.v);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.1 Reflect.apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar rApply = (require('./_global').Reflect || {}).apply;\nvar fApply = Function.apply;\n// MS Edge argumentsList argument is optional\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  rApply(function () { /* empty */ });\n}), 'Reflect', {\n  apply: function apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList) {\n    var T = aFunction(target);\n    var L = anObject(argumentsList);\n    return rApply ? rApply(T, thisArgument, L) : fApply.call(T, thisArgument, L);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.2 Reflect.construct(target, argumentsList [, newTarget])\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar bind = require('./_bind');\nvar rConstruct = (require('./_global').Reflect || {}).construct;\n\n// MS Edge supports only 2 arguments and argumentsList argument is optional\n// FF Nightly sets third argument as `new.target`, but does not create `this` from it\nvar NEW_TARGET_BUG = fails(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  return !(rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ }, [], F) instanceof F);\n});\nvar ARGS_BUG = !fails(function () {\n  rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ });\n});\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (NEW_TARGET_BUG || ARGS_BUG), 'Reflect', {\n  construct: function construct(Target, args /* , newTarget */) {\n    aFunction(Target);\n    anObject(args);\n    var newTarget = arguments.length < 3 ? Target : aFunction(arguments[2]);\n    if (ARGS_BUG && !NEW_TARGET_BUG) return rConstruct(Target, args, newTarget);\n    if (Target == newTarget) {\n      // w/o altered newTarget, optimization for 0-4 arguments\n      switch (args.length) {\n        case 0: return new Target();\n        case 1: return new Target(args[0]);\n        case 2: return new Target(args[0], args[1]);\n        case 3: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n        case 4: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);\n      }\n      // w/o altered newTarget, lot of arguments case\n      var $args = [null];\n      $args.push.apply($args, args);\n      return new (bind.apply(Target, $args))();\n    }\n    // with altered newTarget, not support built-in constructors\n    var proto = newTarget.prototype;\n    var instance = create(isObject(proto) ? proto : Object.prototype);\n    var result = Function.apply.call(Target, instance, args);\n    return isObject(result) ? result : instance;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.3 Reflect.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes)\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n\n// MS Edge has broken Reflect.defineProperty - throwing instead of returning false\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n  Reflect.defineProperty(dP.f({}, 1, { value: 1 }), 1, { value: 2 });\n}), 'Reflect', {\n  defineProperty: function defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes) {\n    anObject(target);\n    propertyKey = toPrimitive(propertyKey, true);\n    anObject(attributes);\n    try {\n      dP.f(target, propertyKey, attributes);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.4 Reflect.deleteProperty(target, propertyKey)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd').f;\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  deleteProperty: function deleteProperty(target, propertyKey) {\n    var desc = gOPD(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n    return desc && !desc.configurable ? false : delete target[propertyKey];\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 26.1.5 Reflect.enumerate(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar Enumerate = function (iterated) {\n  this._t = anObject(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                  // next index\n  var keys = this._k = [];      // keys\n  var key;\n  for (key in iterated) keys.push(key);\n};\nrequire('./_iter-create')(Enumerate, 'Object', function () {\n  var that = this;\n  var keys = that._k;\n  var key;\n  do {\n    if (that._i >= keys.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  } while (!((key = keys[that._i++]) in that._t));\n  return { value: key, done: false };\n});\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  enumerate: function enumerate(target) {\n    return new Enumerate(target);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.7 Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey)\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey) {\n    return gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.8 Reflect.getPrototypeOf(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar getProto = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  getPrototypeOf: function getPrototypeOf(target) {\n    return getProto(anObject(target));\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.6 Reflect.get(target, propertyKey [, receiver])\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\nfunction get(target, propertyKey /* , receiver */) {\n  var receiver = arguments.length < 3 ? target : arguments[2];\n  var desc, proto;\n  if (anObject(target) === receiver) return target[propertyKey];\n  if (desc = gOPD.f(target, propertyKey)) return has(desc, 'value')\n    ? desc.value\n    : desc.get !== undefined\n      ? desc.get.call(receiver)\n      : undefined;\n  if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) return get(proto, propertyKey, receiver);\n}\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { get: get });\n","// 26.1.9 Reflect.has(target, propertyKey)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  has: function has(target, propertyKey) {\n    return propertyKey in target;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.10 Reflect.isExtensible(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  isExtensible: function isExtensible(target) {\n    anObject(target);\n    return $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(target) : true;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.11 Reflect.ownKeys(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { ownKeys: require('./_own-keys') });\n","// 26.1.12 Reflect.preventExtensions(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $preventExtensions = Object.preventExtensions;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  preventExtensions: function preventExtensions(target) {\n    anObject(target);\n    try {\n      if ($preventExtensions) $preventExtensions(target);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.14 Reflect.setPrototypeOf(target, proto)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar setProto = require('./_set-proto');\n\nif (setProto) $export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  setPrototypeOf: function setPrototypeOf(target, proto) {\n    setProto.check(target, proto);\n    try {\n      setProto.set(target, proto);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.13 Reflect.set(target, propertyKey, V [, receiver])\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nfunction set(target, propertyKey, V /* , receiver */) {\n  var receiver = arguments.length < 4 ? target : arguments[3];\n  var ownDesc = gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n  var existingDescriptor, proto;\n  if (!ownDesc) {\n    if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) {\n      return set(proto, propertyKey, V, receiver);\n    }\n    ownDesc = createDesc(0);\n  }\n  if (has(ownDesc, 'value')) {\n    if (ownDesc.writable === false || !isObject(receiver)) return false;\n    if (existingDescriptor = gOPD.f(receiver, propertyKey)) {\n      if (existingDescriptor.get || existingDescriptor.set || existingDescriptor.writable === false) return false;\n      existingDescriptor.value = V;\n      dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, existingDescriptor);\n    } else dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, createDesc(0, V));\n    return true;\n  }\n  return ownDesc.set === undefined ? false : (ownDesc.set.call(receiver, V), true);\n}\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { set: set });\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar $flags = require('./_flags');\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\nvar Base = $RegExp;\nvar proto = $RegExp.prototype;\nvar re1 = /a/g;\nvar re2 = /a/g;\n// \"new\" creates a new object, old webkit buggy here\nvar CORRECT_NEW = new $RegExp(re1) !== re1;\n\nif (require('./_descriptors') && (!CORRECT_NEW || require('./_fails')(function () {\n  re2[require('./_wks')('match')] = false;\n  // RegExp constructor can alter flags and IsRegExp works correct with @@match\n  return $RegExp(re1) != re1 || $RegExp(re2) == re2 || $RegExp(re1, 'i') != '/a/i';\n}))) {\n  $RegExp = function RegExp(p, f) {\n    var tiRE = this instanceof $RegExp;\n    var piRE = isRegExp(p);\n    var fiU = f === undefined;\n    return !tiRE && piRE && p.constructor === $RegExp && fiU ? p\n      : inheritIfRequired(CORRECT_NEW\n        ? new Base(piRE && !fiU ? p.source : p, f)\n        : Base((piRE = p instanceof $RegExp) ? p.source : p, piRE && fiU ? $flags.call(p) : f)\n      , tiRE ? this : proto, $RegExp);\n  };\n  var proxy = function (key) {\n    key in $RegExp || dP($RegExp, key, {\n      configurable: true,\n      get: function () { return Base[key]; },\n      set: function (it) { Base[key] = it; }\n    });\n  };\n  for (var keys = gOPN(Base), i = 0; keys.length > i;) proxy(keys[i++]);\n  proto.constructor = $RegExp;\n  $RegExp.prototype = proto;\n  require('./_redefine')(global, 'RegExp', $RegExp);\n}\n\nrequire('./_set-species')('RegExp');\n","'use strict';\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\nrequire('./_export')({\n  target: 'RegExp',\n  proto: true,\n  forced: regexpExec !== /./.exec\n}, {\n  exec: regexpExec\n});\n","// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags()\nif (require('./_descriptors') && /./g.flags != 'g') require('./_object-dp').f(RegExp.prototype, 'flags', {\n  configurable: true,\n  get: require('./_flags')\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\n\n// @@match logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('match', 1, function (defined, MATCH, $match, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.match` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.match\n    function match(regexp) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[MATCH];\n      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[MATCH](String(O));\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@match]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@match\n    function (regexp) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($match, regexp, this);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      if (!rx.global) return regExpExec(rx, S);\n      var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;\n      rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      var A = [];\n      var n = 0;\n      var result;\n      while ((result = regExpExec(rx, S)) !== null) {\n        var matchStr = String(result[0]);\n        A[n] = matchStr;\n        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);\n        n++;\n      }\n      return n === 0 ? null : A;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar max = Math.max;\nvar min = Math.min;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS = /\\$([$&`']|\\d\\d?|<[^>]*>)/g;\nvar SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED = /\\$([$&`']|\\d\\d?)/g;\n\nvar maybeToString = function (it) {\n  return it === undefined ? it : String(it);\n};\n\n// @@replace logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('replace', 2, function (defined, REPLACE, $replace, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.replace` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.replace\n    function replace(searchValue, replaceValue) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = searchValue == undefined ? undefined : searchValue[REPLACE];\n      return fn !== undefined\n        ? fn.call(searchValue, O, replaceValue)\n        : $replace.call(String(O), searchValue, replaceValue);\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@replace]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@replace\n    function (regexp, replaceValue) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($replace, regexp, this, replaceValue);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var functionalReplace = typeof replaceValue === 'function';\n      if (!functionalReplace) replaceValue = String(replaceValue);\n      var global = rx.global;\n      if (global) {\n        var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;\n        rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      }\n      var results = [];\n      while (true) {\n        var result = regExpExec(rx, S);\n        if (result === null) break;\n        results.push(result);\n        if (!global) break;\n        var matchStr = String(result[0]);\n        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);\n      }\n      var accumulatedResult = '';\n      var nextSourcePosition = 0;\n      for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {\n        result = results[i];\n        var matched = String(result[0]);\n        var position = max(min(toInteger(result.index), S.length), 0);\n        var captures = [];\n        // NOTE: This is equivalent to\n        //   captures = result.slice(1).map(maybeToString)\n        // but for some reason `nativeSlice.call(result, 1, result.length)` (called in\n        // the slice polyfill when slicing native arrays) \"doesn't work\" in safari 9 and\n        // causes a crash (https://pastebin.com/N21QzeQA) when trying to debug it.\n        for (var j = 1; j < result.length; j++) captures.push(maybeToString(result[j]));\n        var namedCaptures = result.groups;\n        if (functionalReplace) {\n          var replacerArgs = [matched].concat(captures, position, S);\n          if (namedCaptures !== undefined) replacerArgs.push(namedCaptures);\n          var replacement = String(replaceValue.apply(undefined, replacerArgs));\n        } else {\n          replacement = getSubstitution(matched, S, position, captures, namedCaptures, replaceValue);\n        }\n        if (position >= nextSourcePosition) {\n          accumulatedResult += S.slice(nextSourcePosition, position) + replacement;\n          nextSourcePosition = position + matched.length;\n        }\n      }\n      return accumulatedResult + S.slice(nextSourcePosition);\n    }\n  ];\n\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-getsubstitution\n  function getSubstitution(matched, str, position, captures, namedCaptures, replacement) {\n    var tailPos = position + matched.length;\n    var m = captures.length;\n    var symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED;\n    if (namedCaptures !== undefined) {\n      namedCaptures = toObject(namedCaptures);\n      symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS;\n    }\n    return $replace.call(replacement, symbols, function (match, ch) {\n      var capture;\n      switch (ch.charAt(0)) {\n        case '$': return '$';\n        case '&': return matched;\n        case '`': return str.slice(0, position);\n        case \"'\": return str.slice(tailPos);\n        case '<':\n          capture = namedCaptures[ch.slice(1, -1)];\n          break;\n        default: // \\d\\d?\n          var n = +ch;\n          if (n === 0) return match;\n          if (n > m) {\n            var f = floor(n / 10);\n            if (f === 0) return match;\n            if (f <= m) return captures[f - 1] === undefined ? ch.charAt(1) : captures[f - 1] + ch.charAt(1);\n            return match;\n          }\n          capture = captures[n - 1];\n      }\n      return capture === undefined ? '' : capture;\n    });\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar sameValue = require('./_same-value');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\n\n// @@search logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('search', 1, function (defined, SEARCH, $search, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.search` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.search\n    function search(regexp) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[SEARCH];\n      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[SEARCH](String(O));\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@search]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@search\n    function (regexp) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($search, regexp, this);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var previousLastIndex = rx.lastIndex;\n      if (!sameValue(previousLastIndex, 0)) rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      var result = regExpExec(rx, S);\n      if (!sameValue(rx.lastIndex, previousLastIndex)) rx.lastIndex = previousLastIndex;\n      return result === null ? -1 : result.index;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar callRegExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $min = Math.min;\nvar $push = [].push;\nvar $SPLIT = 'split';\nvar LENGTH = 'length';\nvar LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';\nvar MAX_UINT32 = 0xffffffff;\n\n// babel-minify transpiles RegExp('x', 'y') -> /x/y and it causes SyntaxError\nvar SUPPORTS_Y = !fails(function () { RegExp(MAX_UINT32, 'y'); });\n\n// @@split logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('split', 2, function (defined, SPLIT, $split, maybeCallNative) {\n  var internalSplit;\n  if (\n    'abbc'[$SPLIT](/(b)*/)[1] == 'c' ||\n    'test'[$SPLIT](/(?:)/, -1)[LENGTH] != 4 ||\n    'ab'[$SPLIT](/(?:ab)*/)[LENGTH] != 2 ||\n    '.'[$SPLIT](/(.?)(.?)/)[LENGTH] != 4 ||\n    '.'[$SPLIT](/()()/)[LENGTH] > 1 ||\n    ''[$SPLIT](/.?/)[LENGTH]\n  ) {\n    // based on es5-shim implementation, need to rework it\n    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {\n      var string = String(this);\n      if (separator === undefined && limit === 0) return [];\n      // If `separator` is not a regex, use native split\n      if (!isRegExp(separator)) return $split.call(string, separator, limit);\n      var output = [];\n      var flags = (separator.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +\n                  (separator.multiline ? 'm' : '') +\n                  (separator.unicode ? 'u' : '') +\n                  (separator.sticky ? 'y' : '');\n      var lastLastIndex = 0;\n      var splitLimit = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;\n      // Make `global` and avoid `lastIndex` issues by working with a copy\n      var separatorCopy = new RegExp(separator.source, flags + 'g');\n      var match, lastIndex, lastLength;\n      while (match = regexpExec.call(separatorCopy, string)) {\n        lastIndex = separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX];\n        if (lastIndex > lastLastIndex) {\n          output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex, match.index));\n          if (match[LENGTH] > 1 && match.index < string[LENGTH]) $push.apply(output, match.slice(1));\n          lastLength = match[0][LENGTH];\n          lastLastIndex = lastIndex;\n          if (output[LENGTH] >= splitLimit) break;\n        }\n        if (separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX] === match.index) separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX]++; // Avoid an infinite loop\n      }\n      if (lastLastIndex === string[LENGTH]) {\n        if (lastLength || !separatorCopy.test('')) output.push('');\n      } else output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex));\n      return output[LENGTH] > splitLimit ? output.slice(0, splitLimit) : output;\n    };\n  // Chakra, V8\n  } else if ('0'[$SPLIT](undefined, 0)[LENGTH]) {\n    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {\n      return separator === undefined && limit === 0 ? [] : $split.call(this, separator, limit);\n    };\n  } else {\n    internalSplit = $split;\n  }\n\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.split` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.split\n    function split(separator, limit) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var splitter = separator == undefined ? undefined : separator[SPLIT];\n      return splitter !== undefined\n        ? splitter.call(separator, O, limit)\n        : internalSplit.call(String(O), separator, limit);\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@split]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@split\n    //\n    // NOTE: This cannot be properly polyfilled in engines that don't support\n    // the 'y' flag.\n    function (regexp, limit) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative(internalSplit, regexp, this, limit, internalSplit !== $split);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var C = speciesConstructor(rx, RegExp);\n\n      var unicodeMatching = rx.unicode;\n      var flags = (rx.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +\n                  (rx.multiline ? 'm' : '') +\n                  (rx.unicode ? 'u' : '') +\n                  (SUPPORTS_Y ? 'y' : 'g');\n\n      // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some S slicing, to\n      // simulate the 'y' flag.\n      var splitter = new C(SUPPORTS_Y ? rx : '^(?:' + rx.source + ')', flags);\n      var lim = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;\n      if (lim === 0) return [];\n      if (S.length === 0) return callRegExpExec(splitter, S) === null ? [S] : [];\n      var p = 0;\n      var q = 0;\n      var A = [];\n      while (q < S.length) {\n        splitter.lastIndex = SUPPORTS_Y ? q : 0;\n        var z = callRegExpExec(splitter, SUPPORTS_Y ? S : S.slice(q));\n        var e;\n        if (\n          z === null ||\n          (e = $min(toLength(splitter.lastIndex + (SUPPORTS_Y ? 0 : q)), S.length)) === p\n        ) {\n          q = advanceStringIndex(S, q, unicodeMatching);\n        } else {\n          A.push(S.slice(p, q));\n          if (A.length === lim) return A;\n          for (var i = 1; i <= z.length - 1; i++) {\n            A.push(z[i]);\n            if (A.length === lim) return A;\n          }\n          q = p = e;\n        }\n      }\n      A.push(S.slice(p));\n      return A;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\nrequire('./es6.regexp.flags');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $flags = require('./_flags');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar $toString = /./[TO_STRING];\n\nvar define = function (fn) {\n  require('./_redefine')(RegExp.prototype, TO_STRING, fn, true);\n};\n\n// 21.2.5.14 RegExp.prototype.toString()\nif (require('./_fails')(function () { return $toString.call({ source: 'a', flags: 'b' }) != '/a/b'; })) {\n  define(function toString() {\n    var R = anObject(this);\n    return '/'.concat(R.source, '/',\n      'flags' in R ? R.flags : !DESCRIPTORS && R instanceof RegExp ? $flags.call(R) : undefined);\n  });\n// FF44- RegExp#toString has a wrong name\n} else if ($toString.name != TO_STRING) {\n  define(function toString() {\n    return $toString.call(this);\n  });\n}\n","'use strict';\nvar strong = require('./_collection-strong');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar SET = 'Set';\n\n// 23.2 Set Objects\nmodule.exports = require('./_collection')(SET, function (get) {\n  return function Set() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.2.3.1 Set.prototype.add(value)\n  add: function add(value) {\n    return strong.def(validate(this, SET), value = value === 0 ? 0 : value, value);\n  }\n}, strong);\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.2 String.prototype.anchor(name)\nrequire('./_string-html')('anchor', function (createHTML) {\n  return function anchor(name) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'name', name);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.3 String.prototype.big()\nrequire('./_string-html')('big', function (createHTML) {\n  return function big() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'big', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.4 String.prototype.blink()\nrequire('./_string-html')('blink', function (createHTML) {\n  return function blink() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'blink', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.5 String.prototype.bold()\nrequire('./_string-html')('bold', function (createHTML) {\n  return function bold() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'b', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(false);\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.3.3 String.prototype.codePointAt(pos)\n  codePointAt: function codePointAt(pos) {\n    return $at(this, pos);\n  }\n});\n","// 21.1.3.6 String.prototype.endsWith(searchString [, endPosition])\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar ENDS_WITH = 'endsWith';\nvar $endsWith = ''[ENDS_WITH];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(ENDS_WITH), 'String', {\n  endsWith: function endsWith(searchString /* , endPosition = @length */) {\n    var that = context(this, searchString, ENDS_WITH);\n    var endPosition = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var len = toLength(that.length);\n    var end = endPosition === undefined ? len : Math.min(toLength(endPosition), len);\n    var search = String(searchString);\n    return $endsWith\n      ? $endsWith.call(that, search, end)\n      : that.slice(end - search.length, end) === search;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.6 String.prototype.fixed()\nrequire('./_string-html')('fixed', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fixed() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'tt', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.7 String.prototype.fontcolor(color)\nrequire('./_string-html')('fontcolor', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fontcolor(color) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'color', color);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.8 String.prototype.fontsize(size)\nrequire('./_string-html')('fontsize', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fontsize(size) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'size', size);\n  };\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar fromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;\nvar $fromCodePoint = String.fromCodePoint;\n\n// length should be 1, old FF problem\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (!!$fromCodePoint && $fromCodePoint.length != 1), 'String', {\n  // 21.1.2.2 String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints)\n  fromCodePoint: function fromCodePoint(x) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var res = [];\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var i = 0;\n    var code;\n    while (aLen > i) {\n      code = +arguments[i++];\n      if (toAbsoluteIndex(code, 0x10ffff) !== code) throw RangeError(code + ' is not a valid code point');\n      res.push(code < 0x10000\n        ? fromCharCode(code)\n        : fromCharCode(((code -= 0x10000) >> 10) + 0xd800, code % 0x400 + 0xdc00)\n      );\n    } return res.join('');\n  }\n});\n","// 21.1.3.7 String.prototype.includes(searchString, position = 0)\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar INCLUDES = 'includes';\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(INCLUDES), 'String', {\n  includes: function includes(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {\n    return !!~context(this, searchString, INCLUDES)\n      .indexOf(searchString, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.9 String.prototype.italics()\nrequire('./_string-html')('italics', function (createHTML) {\n  return function italics() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'i', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(true);\n\n// 21.1.3.27 String.prototype[@@iterator]()\nrequire('./_iter-define')(String, 'String', function (iterated) {\n  this._t = String(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                // next index\n// 21.1.5.2.1 %StringIteratorPrototype%.next()\n}, function () {\n  var O = this._t;\n  var index = this._i;\n  var point;\n  if (index >= O.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  point = $at(O, index);\n  this._i += point.length;\n  return { value: point, done: false };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.10 String.prototype.link(url)\nrequire('./_string-html')('link', function (createHTML) {\n  return function link(url) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'href', url);\n  };\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\n$export($export.S, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.2.4 String.raw(callSite, ...substitutions)\n  raw: function raw(callSite) {\n    var tpl = toIObject(callSite.raw);\n    var len = toLength(tpl.length);\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var res = [];\n    var i = 0;\n    while (len > i) {\n      res.push(String(tpl[i++]));\n      if (i < aLen) res.push(String(arguments[i]));\n    } return res.join('');\n  }\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.3.13 String.prototype.repeat(count)\n  repeat: require('./_string-repeat')\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.11 String.prototype.small()\nrequire('./_string-html')('small', function (createHTML) {\n  return function small() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'small', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","// 21.1.3.18 String.prototype.startsWith(searchString [, position ])\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar STARTS_WITH = 'startsWith';\nvar $startsWith = ''[STARTS_WITH];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(STARTS_WITH), 'String', {\n  startsWith: function startsWith(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {\n    var that = context(this, searchString, STARTS_WITH);\n    var index = toLength(Math.min(arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, that.length));\n    var search = String(searchString);\n    return $startsWith\n      ? $startsWith.call(that, search, index)\n      : that.slice(index, index + search.length) === search;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.12 String.prototype.strike()\nrequire('./_string-html')('strike', function (createHTML) {\n  return function strike() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'strike', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.13 String.prototype.sub()\nrequire('./_string-html')('sub', function (createHTML) {\n  return function sub() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'sub', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.14 String.prototype.sup()\nrequire('./_string-html')('sup', function (createHTML) {\n  return function sup() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'sup', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 21.1.3.25 String.prototype.trim()\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trim', function ($trim) {\n  return function trim() {\n    return $trim(this, 3);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// ECMAScript 6 symbols shim\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar META = require('./_meta').KEY;\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\nvar shared = require('./_shared');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar wksExt = require('./_wks-ext');\nvar wksDefine = require('./_wks-define');\nvar enumKeys = require('./_enum-keys');\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar _create = require('./_object-create');\nvar gOPNExt = require('./_object-gopn-ext');\nvar $GOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar $GOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar $DP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPD = $GOPD.f;\nvar dP = $DP.f;\nvar gOPN = gOPNExt.f;\nvar $Symbol = global.Symbol;\nvar $JSON = global.JSON;\nvar _stringify = $JSON && $JSON.stringify;\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar HIDDEN = wks('_hidden');\nvar TO_PRIMITIVE = wks('toPrimitive');\nvar isEnum = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;\nvar SymbolRegistry = shared('symbol-registry');\nvar AllSymbols = shared('symbols');\nvar OPSymbols = shared('op-symbols');\nvar ObjectProto = Object[PROTOTYPE];\nvar USE_NATIVE = typeof $Symbol == 'function' && !!$GOPS.f;\nvar QObject = global.QObject;\n// Don't use setters in Qt Script, https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/173\nvar setter = !QObject || !QObject[PROTOTYPE] || !QObject[PROTOTYPE].findChild;\n\n// fallback for old Android, https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=687\nvar setSymbolDesc = DESCRIPTORS && $fails(function () {\n  return _create(dP({}, 'a', {\n    get: function () { return dP(this, 'a', { value: 7 }).a; }\n  })).a != 7;\n}) ? function (it, key, D) {\n  var protoDesc = gOPD(ObjectProto, key);\n  if (protoDesc) delete ObjectProto[key];\n  dP(it, key, D);\n  if (protoDesc && it !== ObjectProto) dP(ObjectProto, key, protoDesc);\n} : dP;\n\nvar wrap = function (tag) {\n  var sym = AllSymbols[tag] = _create($Symbol[PROTOTYPE]);\n  sym._k = tag;\n  return sym;\n};\n\nvar isSymbol = USE_NATIVE && typeof $Symbol.iterator == 'symbol' ? function (it) {\n  return typeof it == 'symbol';\n} : function (it) {\n  return it instanceof $Symbol;\n};\n\nvar $defineProperty = function defineProperty(it, key, D) {\n  if (it === ObjectProto) $defineProperty(OPSymbols, key, D);\n  anObject(it);\n  key = toPrimitive(key, true);\n  anObject(D);\n  if (has(AllSymbols, key)) {\n    if (!D.enumerable) {\n      if (!has(it, HIDDEN)) dP(it, HIDDEN, createDesc(1, {}));\n      it[HIDDEN][key] = true;\n    } else {\n      if (has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key]) it[HIDDEN][key] = false;\n      D = _create(D, { enumerable: createDesc(0, false) });\n    } return setSymbolDesc(it, key, D);\n  } return dP(it, key, D);\n};\nvar $defineProperties = function defineProperties(it, P) {\n  anObject(it);\n  var keys = enumKeys(P = toIObject(P));\n  var i = 0;\n  var l = keys.length;\n  var key;\n  while (l > i) $defineProperty(it, key = keys[i++], P[key]);\n  return it;\n};\nvar $create = function create(it, P) {\n  return P === undefined ? _create(it) : $defineProperties(_create(it), P);\n};\nvar $propertyIsEnumerable = function propertyIsEnumerable(key) {\n  var E = isEnum.call(this, key = toPrimitive(key, true));\n  if (this === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return false;\n  return E || !has(this, key) || !has(AllSymbols, key) || has(this, HIDDEN) && this[HIDDEN][key] ? E : true;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {\n  it = toIObject(it);\n  key = toPrimitive(key, true);\n  if (it === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return;\n  var D = gOPD(it, key);\n  if (D && has(AllSymbols, key) && !(has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key])) D.enumerable = true;\n  return D;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertyNames = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {\n  var names = gOPN(toIObject(it));\n  var result = [];\n  var i = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (names.length > i) {\n    if (!has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && key != HIDDEN && key != META) result.push(key);\n  } return result;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertySymbols = function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {\n  var IS_OP = it === ObjectProto;\n  var names = gOPN(IS_OP ? OPSymbols : toIObject(it));\n  var result = [];\n  var i = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (names.length > i) {\n    if (has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && (IS_OP ? has(ObjectProto, key) : true)) result.push(AllSymbols[key]);\n  } return result;\n};\n\n// 19.4.1.1 Symbol([description])\nif (!USE_NATIVE) {\n  $Symbol = function Symbol() {\n    if (this instanceof $Symbol) throw TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor!');\n    var tag = uid(arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);\n    var $set = function (value) {\n      if (this === ObjectProto) $set.call(OPSymbols, value);\n      if (has(this, HIDDEN) && has(this[HIDDEN], tag)) this[HIDDEN][tag] = false;\n      setSymbolDesc(this, tag, createDesc(1, value));\n    };\n    if (DESCRIPTORS && setter) setSymbolDesc(ObjectProto, tag, { configurable: true, set: $set });\n    return wrap(tag);\n  };\n  redefine($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], 'toString', function toString() {\n    return this._k;\n  });\n\n  $GOPD.f = $getOwnPropertyDescriptor;\n  $DP.f = $defineProperty;\n  require('./_object-gopn').f = gOPNExt.f = $getOwnPropertyNames;\n  require('./_object-pie').f = $propertyIsEnumerable;\n  $GOPS.f = $getOwnPropertySymbols;\n\n  if (DESCRIPTORS && !require('./_library')) {\n    redefine(ObjectProto, 'propertyIsEnumerable', $propertyIsEnumerable, true);\n  }\n\n  wksExt.f = function (name) {\n    return wrap(wks(name));\n  };\n}\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Symbol: $Symbol });\n\nfor (var es6Symbols = (\n  // 19.4.2.2, 19.4.2.3, 19.4.2.4, 19.4.2.6, 19.4.2.8, 19.4.2.9, 19.4.2.10, 19.4.2.11, 19.4.2.12, 19.4.2.13, 19.4.2.14\n  'hasInstance,isConcatSpreadable,iterator,match,replace,search,species,split,toPrimitive,toStringTag,unscopables'\n).split(','), j = 0; es6Symbols.length > j;)wks(es6Symbols[j++]);\n\nfor (var wellKnownSymbols = $keys(wks.store), k = 0; wellKnownSymbols.length > k;) wksDefine(wellKnownSymbols[k++]);\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Symbol', {\n  // 19.4.2.1 Symbol.for(key)\n  'for': function (key) {\n    return has(SymbolRegistry, key += '')\n      ? SymbolRegistry[key]\n      : SymbolRegistry[key] = $Symbol(key);\n  },\n  // 19.4.2.5 Symbol.keyFor(sym)\n  keyFor: function keyFor(sym) {\n    if (!isSymbol(sym)) throw TypeError(sym + ' is not a symbol!');\n    for (var key in SymbolRegistry) if (SymbolRegistry[key] === sym) return key;\n  },\n  useSetter: function () { setter = true; },\n  useSimple: function () { setter = false; }\n});\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Object', {\n  // 19.1.2.2 Object.create(O [, Properties])\n  create: $create,\n  // 19.1.2.4 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)\n  defineProperty: $defineProperty,\n  // 19.1.2.3 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)\n  defineProperties: $defineProperties,\n  // 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getOwnPropertyDescriptor,\n  // 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\n  getOwnPropertyNames: $getOwnPropertyNames,\n  // 19.1.2.8 Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(O)\n  getOwnPropertySymbols: $getOwnPropertySymbols\n});\n\n// Chrome 38 and 39 `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols` fails on primitives\n// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3443\nvar FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES = $fails(function () { $GOPS.f(1); });\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES, 'Object', {\n  getOwnPropertySymbols: function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {\n    return $GOPS.f(toObject(it));\n  }\n});\n\n// 24.3.2 JSON.stringify(value [, replacer [, space]])\n$JSON && $export($export.S + $export.F * (!USE_NATIVE || $fails(function () {\n  var S = $Symbol();\n  // MS Edge converts symbol values to JSON as {}\n  // WebKit converts symbol values to JSON as null\n  // V8 throws on boxed symbols\n  return _stringify([S]) != '[null]' || _stringify({ a: S }) != '{}' || _stringify(Object(S)) != '{}';\n})), 'JSON', {\n  stringify: function stringify(it) {\n    var args = [it];\n    var i = 1;\n    var replacer, $replacer;\n    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);\n    $replacer = replacer = args[1];\n    if (!isObject(replacer) && it === undefined || isSymbol(it)) return; // IE8 returns string on undefined\n    if (!isArray(replacer)) replacer = function (key, value) {\n      if (typeof $replacer == 'function') value = $replacer.call(this, key, value);\n      if (!isSymbol(value)) return value;\n    };\n    args[1] = replacer;\n    return _stringify.apply($JSON, args);\n  }\n});\n\n// 19.4.3.4 Symbol.prototype[@@toPrimitive](hint)\n$Symbol[PROTOTYPE][TO_PRIMITIVE] || require('./_hide')($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], TO_PRIMITIVE, $Symbol[PROTOTYPE].valueOf);\n// 19.4.3.5 Symbol.prototype[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag($Symbol, 'Symbol');\n// 20.2.1.9 Math[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag(Math, 'Math', true);\n// 24.3.3 JSON[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag(global.JSON, 'JSON', true);\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $typed = require('./_typed');\nvar buffer = require('./_typed-buffer');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar ArrayBuffer = require('./_global').ArrayBuffer;\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar $ArrayBuffer = buffer.ArrayBuffer;\nvar $DataView = buffer.DataView;\nvar $isView = $typed.ABV && ArrayBuffer.isView;\nvar $slice = $ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice;\nvar VIEW = $typed.VIEW;\nvar ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (ArrayBuffer !== $ArrayBuffer), { ArrayBuffer: $ArrayBuffer });\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !$typed.CONSTR, ARRAY_BUFFER, {\n  // 24.1.3.1 ArrayBuffer.isView(arg)\n  isView: function isView(it) {\n    return $isView && $isView(it) || isObject(it) && VIEW in it;\n  }\n});\n\n$export($export.P + $export.U + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return !new $ArrayBuffer(2).slice(1, undefined).byteLength;\n}), ARRAY_BUFFER, {\n  // 24.1.4.3 ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice(start, end)\n  slice: function slice(start, end) {\n    if ($slice !== undefined && end === undefined) return $slice.call(anObject(this), start); // FF fix\n    var len = anObject(this).byteLength;\n    var first = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);\n    var fin = toAbsoluteIndex(end === undefined ? len : end, len);\n    var result = new (speciesConstructor(this, $ArrayBuffer))(toLength(fin - first));\n    var viewS = new $DataView(this);\n    var viewT = new $DataView(result);\n    var index = 0;\n    while (first < fin) {\n      viewT.setUint8(index++, viewS.getUint8(first++));\n    } return result;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_set-species')(ARRAY_BUFFER);\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !require('./_typed').ABV, {\n  DataView: require('./_typed-buffer').DataView\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Float32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Float32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Float64', 8, function (init) {\n  return function Float64Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int16', 2, function (init) {\n  return function Int16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Int32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Int8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint16', 2, function (init) {\n  return function Uint16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Uint32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Uint8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Uint8ClampedArray(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n}, true);\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar each = require('./_array-methods')(0);\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar meta = require('./_meta');\nvar assign = require('./_object-assign');\nvar weak = require('./_collection-weak');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar NATIVE_WEAK_MAP = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar IS_IE11 = !global.ActiveXObject && 'ActiveXObject' in global;\nvar WEAK_MAP = 'WeakMap';\nvar getWeak = meta.getWeak;\nvar isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;\nvar uncaughtFrozenStore = weak.ufstore;\nvar InternalMap;\n\nvar wrapper = function (get) {\n  return function WeakMap() {\n    return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);\n  };\n};\n\nvar methods = {\n  // 23.3.3.3 WeakMap.prototype.get(key)\n  get: function get(key) {\n    if (isObject(key)) {\n      var data = getWeak(key);\n      if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, WEAK_MAP)).get(key);\n      return data ? data[this._i] : undefined;\n    }\n  },\n  // 23.3.3.5 WeakMap.prototype.set(key, value)\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_MAP), key, value);\n  }\n};\n\n// 23.3 WeakMap Objects\nvar $WeakMap = module.exports = require('./_collection')(WEAK_MAP, wrapper, methods, weak, true, true);\n\n// IE11 WeakMap frozen keys fix\nif (NATIVE_WEAK_MAP && IS_IE11) {\n  InternalMap = weak.getConstructor(wrapper, WEAK_MAP);\n  assign(InternalMap.prototype, methods);\n  meta.NEED = true;\n  each(['delete', 'has', 'get', 'set'], function (key) {\n    var proto = $WeakMap.prototype;\n    var method = proto[key];\n    redefine(proto, key, function (a, b) {\n      // store frozen objects on internal weakmap shim\n      if (isObject(a) && !isExtensible(a)) {\n        if (!this._f) this._f = new InternalMap();\n        var result = this._f[key](a, b);\n        return key == 'set' ? this : result;\n      // store all the rest on native weakmap\n      } return method.call(this, a, b);\n    });\n  });\n}\n","'use strict';\nvar weak = require('./_collection-weak');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar WEAK_SET = 'WeakSet';\n\n// 23.4 WeakSet Objects\nrequire('./_collection')(WEAK_SET, function (get) {\n  return function WeakSet() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.4.3.1 WeakSet.prototype.add(value)\n  add: function add(value) {\n    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_SET), value, true);\n  }\n}, weak, false, true);\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatMap\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar flattenIntoArray = require('./_flatten-into-array');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar arraySpeciesCreate = require('./_array-species-create');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  flatMap: function flatMap(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var sourceLen, A;\n    aFunction(callbackfn);\n    sourceLen = toLength(O.length);\n    A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);\n    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, 1, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n    return A;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('flatMap');\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatten\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar flattenIntoArray = require('./_flatten-into-array');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar arraySpeciesCreate = require('./_array-species-create');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  flatten: function flatten(/* depthArg = 1 */) {\n    var depthArg = arguments[0];\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var sourceLen = toLength(O.length);\n    var A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);\n    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, depthArg === undefined ? 1 : toInteger(depthArg));\n    return A;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('flatten');\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $includes = require('./_array-includes')(true);\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  includes: function includes(el /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {\n    return $includes(this, el, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('includes');\n","// https://github.com/rwaldron/tc39-notes/blob/master/es6/2014-09/sept-25.md#510-globalasap-for-enqueuing-a-microtask\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar process = require('./_global').process;\nvar isNode = require('./_cof')(process) == 'process';\n\n$export($export.G, {\n  asap: function asap(fn) {\n    var domain = isNode && process.domain;\n    microtask(domain ? domain.bind(fn) : fn);\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/ljharb/proposal-is-error\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Error', {\n  isError: function isError(it) {\n    return cof(it) === 'Error';\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.G, { global: require('./_global') });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('Map');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('Map');\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Map', { toJSON: require('./_collection-to-json')('Map') });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  clamp: function clamp(x, lower, upper) {\n    return Math.min(upper, Math.max(lower, x));\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { DEG_PER_RAD: Math.PI / 180 });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar RAD_PER_DEG = 180 / Math.PI;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  degrees: function degrees(radians) {\n    return radians * RAD_PER_DEG;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar scale = require('./_math-scale');\nvar fround = require('./_math-fround');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  fscale: function fscale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {\n    return fround(scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh));\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  iaddh: function iaddh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {\n    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;\n    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;\n    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;\n    return $x1 + (y1 >>> 0) + (($x0 & $y0 | ($x0 | $y0) & ~($x0 + $y0 >>> 0)) >>> 31) | 0;\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  imulh: function imulh(u, v) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var $u = +u;\n    var $v = +v;\n    var u0 = $u & UINT16;\n    var v0 = $v & UINT16;\n    var u1 = $u >> 16;\n    var v1 = $v >> 16;\n    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);\n    return u1 * v1 + (t >> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >> 16);\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  isubh: function isubh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {\n    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;\n    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;\n    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;\n    return $x1 - (y1 >>> 0) - ((~$x0 & $y0 | ~($x0 ^ $y0) & $x0 - $y0 >>> 0) >>> 31) | 0;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { RAD_PER_DEG: 180 / Math.PI });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar DEG_PER_RAD = Math.PI / 180;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  radians: function radians(degrees) {\n    return degrees * DEG_PER_RAD;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { scale: require('./_math-scale') });\n","// http://jfbastien.github.io/papers/Math.signbit.html\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { signbit: function signbit(x) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return (x = +x) != x ? x : x == 0 ? 1 / x == Infinity : x > 0;\n} });\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  umulh: function umulh(u, v) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var $u = +u;\n    var $v = +v;\n    var u0 = $u & UINT16;\n    var v0 = $v & UINT16;\n    var u1 = $u >>> 16;\n    var v1 = $v >>> 16;\n    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);\n    return u1 * v1 + (t >>> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >>> 16);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\n\n// B.2.2.2 Object.prototype.__defineGetter__(P, getter)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __defineGetter__: function __defineGetter__(P, getter) {\n    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { get: aFunction(getter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\n\n// B.2.2.3 Object.prototype.__defineSetter__(P, setter)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __defineSetter__: function __defineSetter__(P, setter) {\n    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { set: aFunction(setter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $entries = require('./_object-to-array')(true);\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  entries: function entries(it) {\n    return $entries(it);\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-getownpropertydescriptors\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar ownKeys = require('./_own-keys');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptors: function getOwnPropertyDescriptors(object) {\n    var O = toIObject(object);\n    var getDesc = gOPD.f;\n    var keys = ownKeys(O);\n    var result = {};\n    var i = 0;\n    var key, desc;\n    while (keys.length > i) {\n      desc = getDesc(O, key = keys[i++]);\n      if (desc !== undefined) createProperty(result, key, desc);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\n// B.2.2.4 Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__(P)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __lookupGetter__: function __lookupGetter__(P) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);\n    var D;\n    do {\n      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.get;\n    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\n// B.2.2.5 Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__(P)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __lookupSetter__: function __lookupSetter__(P) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);\n    var D;\n    do {\n      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.set;\n    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $values = require('./_object-to-array')(false);\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  values: function values(it) {\n    return $values(it);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/zenparsing/es-observable\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar OBSERVABLE = require('./_wks')('observable');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar RETURN = forOf.RETURN;\n\nvar getMethod = function (fn) {\n  return fn == null ? undefined : aFunction(fn);\n};\n\nvar cleanupSubscription = function (subscription) {\n  var cleanup = subscription._c;\n  if (cleanup) {\n    subscription._c = undefined;\n    cleanup();\n  }\n};\n\nvar subscriptionClosed = function (subscription) {\n  return subscription._o === undefined;\n};\n\nvar closeSubscription = function (subscription) {\n  if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n    subscription._o = undefined;\n    cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n  }\n};\n\nvar Subscription = function (observer, subscriber) {\n  anObject(observer);\n  this._c = undefined;\n  this._o = observer;\n  observer = new SubscriptionObserver(this);\n  try {\n    var cleanup = subscriber(observer);\n    var subscription = cleanup;\n    if (cleanup != null) {\n      if (typeof cleanup.unsubscribe === 'function') cleanup = function () { subscription.unsubscribe(); };\n      else aFunction(cleanup);\n      this._c = cleanup;\n    }\n  } catch (e) {\n    observer.error(e);\n    return;\n  } if (subscriptionClosed(this)) cleanupSubscription(this);\n};\n\nSubscription.prototype = redefineAll({}, {\n  unsubscribe: function unsubscribe() { closeSubscription(this); }\n});\n\nvar SubscriptionObserver = function (subscription) {\n  this._s = subscription;\n};\n\nSubscriptionObserver.prototype = redefineAll({}, {\n  next: function next(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n      var observer = subscription._o;\n      try {\n        var m = getMethod(observer.next);\n        if (m) return m.call(observer, value);\n      } catch (e) {\n        try {\n          closeSubscription(subscription);\n        } finally {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  error: function error(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (subscriptionClosed(subscription)) throw value;\n    var observer = subscription._o;\n    subscription._o = undefined;\n    try {\n      var m = getMethod(observer.error);\n      if (!m) throw value;\n      value = m.call(observer, value);\n    } catch (e) {\n      try {\n        cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n      } finally {\n        throw e;\n      }\n    } cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n    return value;\n  },\n  complete: function complete(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n      var observer = subscription._o;\n      subscription._o = undefined;\n      try {\n        var m = getMethod(observer.complete);\n        value = m ? m.call(observer, value) : undefined;\n      } catch (e) {\n        try {\n          cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n        } finally {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      } cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n      return value;\n    }\n  }\n});\n\nvar $Observable = function Observable(subscriber) {\n  anInstance(this, $Observable, 'Observable', '_f')._f = aFunction(subscriber);\n};\n\nredefineAll($Observable.prototype, {\n  subscribe: function subscribe(observer) {\n    return new Subscription(observer, this._f);\n  },\n  forEach: function forEach(fn) {\n    var that = this;\n    return new (core.Promise || global.Promise)(function (resolve, reject) {\n      aFunction(fn);\n      var subscription = that.subscribe({\n        next: function (value) {\n          try {\n            return fn(value);\n          } catch (e) {\n            reject(e);\n            subscription.unsubscribe();\n          }\n        },\n        error: reject,\n        complete: resolve\n      });\n    });\n  }\n});\n\nredefineAll($Observable, {\n  from: function from(x) {\n    var C = typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable;\n    var method = getMethod(anObject(x)[OBSERVABLE]);\n    if (method) {\n      var observable = anObject(method.call(x));\n      return observable.constructor === C ? observable : new C(function (observer) {\n        return observable.subscribe(observer);\n      });\n    }\n    return new C(function (observer) {\n      var done = false;\n      microtask(function () {\n        if (!done) {\n          try {\n            if (forOf(x, false, function (it) {\n              observer.next(it);\n              if (done) return RETURN;\n            }) === RETURN) return;\n          } catch (e) {\n            if (done) throw e;\n            observer.error(e);\n            return;\n          } observer.complete();\n        }\n      });\n      return function () { done = true; };\n    });\n  },\n  of: function of() {\n    for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length, items = new Array(l); i < l;) items[i] = arguments[i++];\n    return new (typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable)(function (observer) {\n      var done = false;\n      microtask(function () {\n        if (!done) {\n          for (var j = 0; j < items.length; ++j) {\n            observer.next(items[j]);\n            if (done) return;\n          } observer.complete();\n        }\n      });\n      return function () { done = true; };\n    });\n  }\n});\n\nhide($Observable.prototype, OBSERVABLE, function () { return this; });\n\n$export($export.G, { Observable: $Observable });\n\nrequire('./_set-species')('Observable');\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-finally\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar promiseResolve = require('./_promise-resolve');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Promise', { 'finally': function (onFinally) {\n  var C = speciesConstructor(this, core.Promise || global.Promise);\n  var isFunction = typeof onFinally == 'function';\n  return this.then(\n    isFunction ? function (x) {\n      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { return x; });\n    } : onFinally,\n    isFunction ? function (e) {\n      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { throw e; });\n    } : onFinally\n  );\n} });\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-try\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar newPromiseCapability = require('./_new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('./_perform');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Promise', { 'try': function (callbackfn) {\n  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(this);\n  var result = perform(callbackfn);\n  (result.e ? promiseCapability.reject : promiseCapability.resolve)(result.v);\n  return promiseCapability.promise;\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = metadata.set;\n\nmetadata.exp({ defineMetadata: function defineMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, target, targetKey) {\n  ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, anObject(target), toMetaKey(targetKey));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\nvar getOrCreateMetadataMap = metadata.map;\nvar store = metadata.store;\n\nmetadata.exp({ deleteMetadata: function deleteMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  var targetKey = arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]);\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(anObject(target), targetKey, false);\n  if (metadataMap === undefined || !metadataMap['delete'](metadataKey)) return false;\n  if (metadataMap.size) return true;\n  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);\n  targetMetadata['delete'](targetKey);\n  return !!targetMetadata.size || store['delete'](target);\n} });\n","var Set = require('./es6.set');\nvar from = require('./_array-from-iterable');\nvar metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryMetadataKeys = function (O, P) {\n  var oKeys = ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(O, P);\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  if (parent === null) return oKeys;\n  var pKeys = ordinaryMetadataKeys(parent, P);\n  return pKeys.length ? oKeys.length ? from(new Set(oKeys.concat(pKeys))) : pKeys : oKeys;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ getMetadataKeys: function getMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryGetMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  if (hasOwn) return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  return parent !== null ? ordinaryGetMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : undefined;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ getMetadata: function getMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryGetMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ getOwnMetadataKeys: function getOwnMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ getOwnMetadata: function getOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)\n    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryHasMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  if (hasOwn) return true;\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  return parent !== null ? ordinaryHasMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : false;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ hasMetadata: function hasMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryHasMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ hasOwnMetadata: function hasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)\n    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var $metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toMetaKey = $metadata.key;\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = $metadata.set;\n\n$metadata.exp({ metadata: function metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {\n  return function decorator(target, targetKey) {\n    ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(\n      metadataKey, metadataValue,\n      (targetKey !== undefined ? anObject : aFunction)(target),\n      toMetaKey(targetKey)\n    );\n  };\n} });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('Set');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('Set');\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Set', { toJSON: require('./_collection-to-json')('Set') });\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(true);\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\n\nvar FORCED = $fails(function () {\n  return '𠮷'.at(0) !== '𠮷';\n});\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * FORCED, 'String', {\n  at: function at(pos) {\n    return $at(this, pos);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/String.prototype.matchAll/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar getFlags = require('./_flags');\nvar RegExpProto = RegExp.prototype;\n\nvar $RegExpStringIterator = function (regexp, string) {\n  this._r = regexp;\n  this._s = string;\n};\n\nrequire('./_iter-create')($RegExpStringIterator, 'RegExp String', function next() {\n  var match = this._r.exec(this._s);\n  return { value: match, done: match === null };\n});\n\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  matchAll: function matchAll(regexp) {\n    defined(this);\n    if (!isRegExp(regexp)) throw TypeError(regexp + ' is not a regexp!');\n    var S = String(this);\n    var flags = 'flags' in RegExpProto ? String(regexp.flags) : getFlags.call(regexp);\n    var rx = new RegExp(regexp.source, ~flags.indexOf('g') ? flags : 'g' + flags);\n    rx.lastIndex = toLength(regexp.lastIndex);\n    return new $RegExpStringIterator(rx, S);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $pad = require('./_string-pad');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\n\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280\nvar WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\\/10\\.\\d+(\\.\\d+)?( Mobile\\/\\w+)? Safari\\//.test(userAgent);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {\n  padEnd: function padEnd(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {\n    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, false);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $pad = require('./_string-pad');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\n\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280\nvar WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\\/10\\.\\d+(\\.\\d+)?( Mobile\\/\\w+)? Safari\\//.test(userAgent);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {\n  padStart: function padStart(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {\n    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, true);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trimLeft', function ($trim) {\n  return function trimLeft() {\n    return $trim(this, 1);\n  };\n}, 'trimStart');\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trimRight', function ($trim) {\n  return function trimRight() {\n    return $trim(this, 2);\n  };\n}, 'trimEnd');\n","require('./_wks-define')('asyncIterator');\n","require('./_wks-define')('observable');\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'System', { global: require('./_global') });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('WeakMap');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('WeakMap');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('WeakSet');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('WeakSet');\n","var $iterators = require('./es6.array.iterator');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar ITERATOR = wks('iterator');\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wks('toStringTag');\nvar ArrayValues = Iterators.Array;\n\nvar DOMIterables = {\n  CSSRuleList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  CSSStyleDeclaration: false,\n  CSSValueList: false,\n  ClientRectList: false,\n  DOMRectList: false,\n  DOMStringList: false,\n  DOMTokenList: true,\n  DataTransferItemList: false,\n  FileList: false,\n  HTMLAllCollection: false,\n  HTMLCollection: false,\n  HTMLFormElement: false,\n  HTMLSelectElement: false,\n  MediaList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  MimeTypeArray: false,\n  NamedNodeMap: false,\n  NodeList: true,\n  PaintRequestList: false,\n  Plugin: false,\n  PluginArray: false,\n  SVGLengthList: false,\n  SVGNumberList: false,\n  SVGPathSegList: false,\n  SVGPointList: false,\n  SVGStringList: false,\n  SVGTransformList: false,\n  SourceBufferList: false,\n  StyleSheetList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  TextTrackCueList: false,\n  TextTrackList: false,\n  TouchList: false\n};\n\nfor (var collections = getKeys(DOMIterables), i = 0; i < collections.length; i++) {\n  var NAME = collections[i];\n  var explicit = DOMIterables[NAME];\n  var Collection = global[NAME];\n  var proto = Collection && Collection.prototype;\n  var key;\n  if (proto) {\n    if (!proto[ITERATOR]) hide(proto, ITERATOR, ArrayValues);\n    if (!proto[TO_STRING_TAG]) hide(proto, TO_STRING_TAG, NAME);\n    Iterators[NAME] = ArrayValues;\n    if (explicit) for (key in $iterators) if (!proto[key]) redefine(proto, key, $iterators[key], true);\n  }\n}\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $task = require('./_task');\n$export($export.G + $export.B, {\n  setImmediate: $task.set,\n  clearImmediate: $task.clear\n});\n","// ie9- setTimeout & setInterval additional parameters fix\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\nvar slice = [].slice;\nvar MSIE = /MSIE .\\./.test(userAgent); // <- dirty ie9- check\nvar wrap = function (set) {\n  return function (fn, time /* , ...args */) {\n    var boundArgs = arguments.length > 2;\n    var args = boundArgs ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : false;\n    return set(boundArgs ? function () {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n      (typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn)).apply(this, args);\n    } : fn, time);\n  };\n};\n$export($export.G + $export.B + $export.F * MSIE, {\n  setTimeout: wrap(global.setTimeout),\n  setInterval: wrap(global.setInterval)\n});\n","require('./modules/es6.symbol');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.create');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.define-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.define-properties');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-own-property-descriptor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.keys');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-own-property-names');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.freeze');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.seal');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.prevent-extensions');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-frozen');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-sealed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-extensible');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.assign');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.set-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.bind');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.name');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.has-instance');\nrequire('./modules/es6.parse-int');\nrequire('./modules/es6.parse-float');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.constructor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.to-fixed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.to-precision');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.epsilon');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-finite');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-nan');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.max-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.min-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.parse-float');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.parse-int');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.acosh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.asinh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.atanh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.cbrt');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.clz32');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.cosh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.expm1');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.fround');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.hypot');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.imul');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log10');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log1p');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log2');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.sign');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.sinh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.tanh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.trunc');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.from-code-point');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.raw');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.trim');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.code-point-at');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.ends-with');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.includes');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.repeat');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.starts-with');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.anchor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.big');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.blink');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.bold');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fixed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fontcolor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fontsize');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.italics');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.link');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.small');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.strike');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.sub');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.sup');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.now');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-iso-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-primitive');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.is-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.from');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.join');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.slice');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.sort');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.for-each');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.filter');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.some');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.every');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.reduce');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.reduce-right');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.index-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.last-index-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.copy-within');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.fill');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.find');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.find-index');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.species');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.constructor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.exec');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.flags');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.match');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.replace');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.search');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.split');\nrequire('./modules/es6.promise');\nrequire('./modules/es6.map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.weak-map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.weak-set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.array-buffer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.data-view');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int8-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint8-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint8-clamped-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int16-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint16-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.float32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.float64-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.apply');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.construct');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.define-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.delete-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.enumerate');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get-own-property-descriptor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.has');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.is-extensible');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.own-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.prevent-extensions');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.set-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.includes');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.flat-map');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.flatten');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.at');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.pad-start');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.pad-end');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.trim-left');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.trim-right');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.match-all');\nrequire('./modules/es7.symbol.async-iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es7.symbol.observable');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.get-own-property-descriptors');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.values');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.entries');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.define-getter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.define-setter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.lookup-getter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.lookup-setter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-map.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-set.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-map.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-set.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.global');\nrequire('./modules/es7.system.global');\nrequire('./modules/es7.error.is-error');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.clamp');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.deg-per-rad');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.degrees');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.fscale');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.iaddh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.isubh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.imulh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.rad-per-deg');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.radians');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.scale');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.umulh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.signbit');\nrequire('./modules/es7.promise.finally');\nrequire('./modules/es7.promise.try');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.define-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.delete-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-metadata-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-own-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-own-metadata-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.has-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.has-own-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.asap');\nrequire('./modules/es7.observable');\nrequire('./modules/web.timers');\nrequire('./modules/web.immediate');\nrequire('./modules/web.dom.iterable');\nmodule.exports = require('./modules/_core');\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2014, Facebook, Inc.\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the\n * https://raw.github.com/facebook/regenerator/master/LICENSE file. An\n * additional grant of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in\n * the same directory.\n */\n\n!(function(global) {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  var Op = Object.prototype;\n  var hasOwn = Op.hasOwnProperty;\n  var undefined; // More compressible than void 0.\n  var $Symbol = typeof Symbol === \"function\" ? Symbol : {};\n  var iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || \"@@iterator\";\n  var asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || \"@@asyncIterator\";\n  var toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || \"@@toStringTag\";\n\n  var inModule = typeof module === \"object\";\n  var runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime;\n  if (runtime) {\n    if (inModule) {\n      // If regeneratorRuntime is defined globally and we're in a module,\n      // make the exports object identical to regeneratorRuntime.\n      module.exports = runtime;\n    }\n    // Don't bother evaluating the rest of this file if the runtime was\n    // already defined globally.\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Define the runtime globally (as expected by generated code) as either\n  // module.exports (if we're in a module) or a new, empty object.\n  runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime = inModule ? module.exports : {};\n\n  function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    // If outerFn provided and outerFn.prototype is a Generator, then outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator.\n    var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator;\n    var generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype);\n    var context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);\n\n    // The ._invoke method unifies the implementations of the .next,\n    // .throw, and .return methods.\n    generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);\n\n    return generator;\n  }\n  runtime.wrap = wrap;\n\n  // Try/catch helper to minimize deoptimizations. Returns a completion\n  // record like context.tryEntries[i].completion. This interface could\n  // have been (and was previously) designed to take a closure to be\n  // invoked without arguments, but in all the cases we care about we\n  // already have an existing method we want to call, so there's no need\n  // to create a new function object. We can even get away with assuming\n  // the method takes exactly one argument, since that happens to be true\n  // in every case, so we don't have to touch the arguments object. The\n  // only additional allocation required is the completion record, which\n  // has a stable shape and so hopefully should be cheap to allocate.\n  function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {\n    try {\n      return { type: \"normal\", arg: fn.call(obj, arg) };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return { type: \"throw\", arg: err };\n    }\n  }\n\n  var GenStateSuspendedStart = \"suspendedStart\";\n  var GenStateSuspendedYield = \"suspendedYield\";\n  var GenStateExecuting = \"executing\";\n  var GenStateCompleted = \"completed\";\n\n  // Returning this object from the innerFn has the same effect as\n  // breaking out of the dispatch switch statement.\n  var ContinueSentinel = {};\n\n  // Dummy constructor functions that we use as the .constructor and\n  // .constructor.prototype properties for functions that return Generator\n  // objects. For full spec compliance, you may wish to configure your\n  // minifier not to mangle the names of these two functions.\n  function Generator() {}\n  function GeneratorFunction() {}\n  function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}\n\n  // This is a polyfill for %IteratorPrototype% for environments that\n  // don't natively support it.\n  var IteratorPrototype = {};\n  IteratorPrototype[iteratorSymbol] = function () {\n    return this;\n  };\n\n  var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;\n  var NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));\n  if (NativeIteratorPrototype &&\n      NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op &&\n      hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol)) {\n    // This environment has a native %IteratorPrototype%; use it instead\n    // of the polyfill.\n    IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype;\n  }\n\n  var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype =\n    Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);\n  GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;\n  GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;\n  GeneratorFunctionPrototype[toStringTagSymbol] =\n    GeneratorFunction.displayName = \"GeneratorFunction\";\n\n  // Helper for defining the .next, .throw, and .return methods of the\n  // Iterator interface in terms of a single ._invoke method.\n  function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {\n    [\"next\", \"throw\", \"return\"].forEach(function(method) {\n      prototype[method] = function(arg) {\n        return this._invoke(method, arg);\n      };\n    });\n  }\n\n  runtime.isGeneratorFunction = function(genFun) {\n    var ctor = typeof genFun === \"function\" && genFun.constructor;\n    return ctor\n      ? ctor === GeneratorFunction ||\n        // For the native GeneratorFunction constructor, the best we can\n        // do is to check its .name property.\n        (ctor.displayName || ctor.name) === \"GeneratorFunction\"\n      : false;\n  };\n\n  runtime.mark = function(genFun) {\n    if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {\n      Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype);\n    } else {\n      genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;\n      if (!(toStringTagSymbol in genFun)) {\n        genFun[toStringTagSymbol] = \"GeneratorFunction\";\n      }\n    }\n    genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);\n    return genFun;\n  };\n\n  // Within the body of any async function, `await x` is transformed to\n  // `yield regeneratorRuntime.awrap(x)`, so that the runtime can test\n  // `hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\")` to determine if the yielded value is\n  // meant to be awaited.\n  runtime.awrap = function(arg) {\n    return { __await: arg };\n  };\n\n  function AsyncIterator(generator) {\n    function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {\n      var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);\n      if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n        reject(record.arg);\n      } else {\n        var result = record.arg;\n        var value = result.value;\n        if (value &&\n            typeof value === \"object\" &&\n            hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\")) {\n          return Promise.resolve(value.__await).then(function(value) {\n            invoke(\"next\", value, resolve, reject);\n          }, function(err) {\n            invoke(\"throw\", err, resolve, reject);\n          });\n        }\n\n        return Promise.resolve(value).then(function(unwrapped) {\n          // When a yielded Promise is resolved, its final value becomes\n          // the .value of the Promise<{value,done}> result for the\n          // current iteration. If the Promise is rejected, however, the\n          // result for this iteration will be rejected with the same\n          // reason. Note that rejections of yielded Promises are not\n          // thrown back into the generator function, as is the case\n          // when an awaited Promise is rejected. This difference in\n          // behavior between yield and await is important, because it\n          // allows the consumer to decide what to do with the yielded\n          // rejection (swallow it and continue, manually .throw it back\n          // into the generator, abandon iteration, whatever). With\n          // await, by contrast, there is no opportunity to examine the\n          // rejection reason outside the generator function, so the\n          // only option is to throw it from the await expression, and\n          // let the generator function handle the exception.\n          result.value = unwrapped;\n          resolve(result);\n        }, reject);\n      }\n    }\n\n    if (typeof global.process === \"object\" && global.process.domain) {\n      invoke = global.process.domain.bind(invoke);\n    }\n\n    var previousPromise;\n\n    function enqueue(method, arg) {\n      function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {\n        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n          invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);\n        });\n      }\n\n      return previousPromise =\n        // If enqueue has been called before, then we want to wait until\n        // all previous Promises have been resolved before calling invoke,\n        // so that results are always delivered in the correct order. If\n        // enqueue has not been called before, then it is important to\n        // call invoke immediately, without waiting on a callback to fire,\n        // so that the async generator function has the opportunity to do\n        // any necessary setup in a predictable way. This predictability\n        // is why the Promise constructor synchronously invokes its\n        // executor callback, and why async functions synchronously\n        // execute code before the first await. Since we implement simple\n        // async functions in terms of async generators, it is especially\n        // important to get this right, even though it requires care.\n        previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(\n          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg,\n          // Avoid propagating failures to Promises returned by later\n          // invocations of the iterator.\n          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg\n        ) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();\n    }\n\n    // Define the unified helper method that is used to implement .next,\n    // .throw, and .return (see defineIteratorMethods).\n    this._invoke = enqueue;\n  }\n\n  defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype);\n  AsyncIterator.prototype[asyncIteratorSymbol] = function () {\n    return this;\n  };\n  runtime.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator;\n\n  // Note that simple async functions are implemented on top of\n  // AsyncIterator objects; they just return a Promise for the value of\n  // the final result produced by the iterator.\n  runtime.async = function(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    var iter = new AsyncIterator(\n      wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList)\n    );\n\n    return runtime.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn)\n      ? iter // If outerFn is a generator, return the full iterator.\n      : iter.next().then(function(result) {\n          return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();\n        });\n  };\n\n  function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {\n    var state = GenStateSuspendedStart;\n\n    return function invoke(method, arg) {\n      if (state === GenStateExecuting) {\n        throw new Error(\"Generator is already running\");\n      }\n\n      if (state === GenStateCompleted) {\n        if (method === \"throw\") {\n          throw arg;\n        }\n\n        // Be forgiving, per 25.3.3.3.3 of the spec:\n        // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-generatorresume\n        return doneResult();\n      }\n\n      context.method = method;\n      context.arg = arg;\n\n      while (true) {\n        var delegate = context.delegate;\n        if (delegate) {\n          var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n          if (delegateResult) {\n            if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n            return delegateResult;\n          }\n        }\n\n        if (context.method === \"next\") {\n          // Setting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's\n          // function.sent implementation.\n          context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;\n\n        } else if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n          if (state === GenStateSuspendedStart) {\n            state = GenStateCompleted;\n            throw context.arg;\n          }\n\n          context.dispatchException(context.arg);\n\n        } else if (context.method === \"return\") {\n          context.abrupt(\"return\", context.arg);\n        }\n\n        state = GenStateExecuting;\n\n        var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);\n        if (record.type === \"normal\") {\n          // If an exception is thrown from innerFn, we leave state ===\n          // GenStateExecuting and loop back for another invocation.\n          state = context.done\n            ? GenStateCompleted\n            : GenStateSuspendedYield;\n\n          if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {\n            continue;\n          }\n\n          return {\n            value: record.arg,\n            done: context.done\n          };\n\n        } else if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n          state = GenStateCompleted;\n          // Dispatch the exception by looping back around to the\n          // context.dispatchException(context.arg) call above.\n          context.method = \"throw\";\n          context.arg = record.arg;\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  // Call delegate.iterator[context.method](context.arg) and handle the\n  // result, either by returning a { value, done } result from the\n  // delegate iterator, or by modifying context.method and context.arg,\n  // setting context.delegate to null, and returning the ContinueSentinel.\n  function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {\n    var method = delegate.iterator[context.method];\n    if (method === undefined) {\n      // A .throw or .return when the delegate iterator has no .throw\n      // method always terminates the yield* loop.\n      context.delegate = null;\n\n      if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n        if (delegate.iterator.return) {\n          // If the delegate iterator has a return method, give it a\n          // chance to clean up.\n          context.method = \"return\";\n          context.arg = undefined;\n          maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n\n          if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n            // If maybeInvokeDelegate(context) changed context.method from\n            // \"return\" to \"throw\", let that override the TypeError below.\n            return ContinueSentinel;\n          }\n        }\n\n        context.method = \"throw\";\n        context.arg = new TypeError(\n          \"The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method\");\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);\n\n    if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n      context.method = \"throw\";\n      context.arg = record.arg;\n      context.delegate = null;\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    var info = record.arg;\n\n    if (! info) {\n      context.method = \"throw\";\n      context.arg = new TypeError(\"iterator result is not an object\");\n      context.delegate = null;\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    if (info.done) {\n      // Assign the result of the finished delegate to the temporary\n      // variable specified by delegate.resultName (see delegateYield).\n      context[delegate.resultName] = info.value;\n\n      // Resume execution at the desired location (see delegateYield).\n      context.next = delegate.nextLoc;\n\n      // If context.method was \"throw\" but the delegate handled the\n      // exception, let the outer generator proceed normally. If\n      // context.method was \"next\", forget context.arg since it has been\n      // \"consumed\" by the delegate iterator. If context.method was\n      // \"return\", allow the original .return call to continue in the\n      // outer generator.\n      if (context.method !== \"return\") {\n        context.method = \"next\";\n        context.arg = undefined;\n      }\n\n    } else {\n      // Re-yield the result returned by the delegate method.\n      return info;\n    }\n\n    // The delegate iterator is finished, so forget it and continue with\n    // the outer generator.\n    context.delegate = null;\n    return ContinueSentinel;\n  }\n\n  // Define Generator.prototype.{next,throw,return} in terms of the\n  // unified ._invoke helper method.\n  defineIteratorMethods(Gp);\n\n  Gp[toStringTagSymbol] = \"Generator\";\n\n  // A Generator should always return itself as the iterator object when the\n  // @@iterator function is called on it. Some browsers' implementations of the\n  // iterator prototype chain incorrectly implement this, causing the Generator\n  // object to not be returned from this call. This ensures that doesn't happen.\n  // See https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/issues/274 for more details.\n  Gp[iteratorSymbol] = function() {\n    return this;\n  };\n\n  Gp.toString = function() {\n    return \"[object Generator]\";\n  };\n\n  function pushTryEntry(locs) {\n    var entry = { tryLoc: locs[0] };\n\n    if (1 in locs) {\n      entry.catchLoc = locs[1];\n    }\n\n    if (2 in locs) {\n      entry.finallyLoc = locs[2];\n      entry.afterLoc = locs[3];\n    }\n\n    this.tryEntries.push(entry);\n  }\n\n  function resetTryEntry(entry) {\n    var record = entry.completion || {};\n    record.type = \"normal\";\n    delete record.arg;\n    entry.completion = record;\n  }\n\n  function Context(tryLocsList) {\n    // The root entry object (effectively a try statement without a catch\n    // or a finally block) gives us a place to store values thrown from\n    // locations where there is no enclosing try statement.\n    this.tryEntries = [{ tryLoc: \"root\" }];\n    tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this);\n    this.reset(true);\n  }\n\n  runtime.keys = function(object) {\n    var keys = [];\n    for (var key in object) {\n      keys.push(key);\n    }\n    keys.reverse();\n\n    // Rather than returning an object with a next method, we keep\n    // things simple and return the next function itself.\n    return function next() {\n      while (keys.length) {\n        var key = keys.pop();\n        if (key in object) {\n          next.value = key;\n          next.done = false;\n          return next;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // To avoid creating an additional object, we just hang the .value\n      // and .done properties off the next function object itself. This\n      // also ensures that the minifier will not anonymize the function.\n      next.done = true;\n      return next;\n    };\n  };\n\n  function values(iterable) {\n    if (iterable) {\n      var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];\n      if (iteratorMethod) {\n        return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);\n      }\n\n      if (typeof iterable.next === \"function\") {\n        return iterable;\n      }\n\n      if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {\n        var i = -1, next = function next() {\n          while (++i < iterable.length) {\n            if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) {\n              next.value = iterable[i];\n              next.done = false;\n              return next;\n            }\n          }\n\n          next.value = undefined;\n          next.done = true;\n\n          return next;\n        };\n\n        return next.next = next;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Return an iterator with no values.\n    return { next: doneResult };\n  }\n  runtime.values = values;\n\n  function doneResult() {\n    return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  }\n\n  Context.prototype = {\n    constructor: Context,\n\n    reset: function(skipTempReset) {\n      this.prev = 0;\n      this.next = 0;\n      // Resetting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's\n      // function.sent implementation.\n      this.sent = this._sent = undefined;\n      this.done = false;\n      this.delegate = null;\n\n      this.method = \"next\";\n      this.arg = undefined;\n\n      this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry);\n\n      if (!skipTempReset) {\n        for (var name in this) {\n          // Not sure about the optimal order of these conditions:\n          if (name.charAt(0) === \"t\" &&\n              hasOwn.call(this, name) &&\n              !isNaN(+name.slice(1))) {\n            this[name] = undefined;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    stop: function() {\n      this.done = true;\n\n      var rootEntry = this.tryEntries[0];\n      var rootRecord = rootEntry.completion;\n      if (rootRecord.type === \"throw\") {\n        throw rootRecord.arg;\n      }\n\n      return this.rval;\n    },\n\n    dispatchException: function(exception) {\n      if (this.done) {\n        throw exception;\n      }\n\n      var context = this;\n      function handle(loc, caught) {\n        record.type = \"throw\";\n        record.arg = exception;\n        context.next = loc;\n\n        if (caught) {\n          // If the dispatched exception was caught by a catch block,\n          // then let that catch block handle the exception normally.\n          context.method = \"next\";\n          context.arg = undefined;\n        }\n\n        return !! caught;\n      }\n\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        var record = entry.completion;\n\n        if (entry.tryLoc === \"root\") {\n          // Exception thrown outside of any try block that could handle\n          // it, so set the completion value of the entire function to\n          // throw the exception.\n          return handle(\"end\");\n        }\n\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {\n          var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, \"catchLoc\");\n          var hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\");\n\n          if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);\n            } else if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n            }\n\n          } else if (hasCatch) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);\n            }\n\n          } else if (hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n            }\n\n          } else {\n            throw new Error(\"try statement without catch or finally\");\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    abrupt: function(type, arg) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev &&\n            hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\") &&\n            this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n          var finallyEntry = entry;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (finallyEntry &&\n          (type === \"break\" ||\n           type === \"continue\") &&\n          finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg &&\n          arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc) {\n        // Ignore the finally entry if control is not jumping to a\n        // location outside the try/catch block.\n        finallyEntry = null;\n      }\n\n      var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};\n      record.type = type;\n      record.arg = arg;\n\n      if (finallyEntry) {\n        this.method = \"next\";\n        this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc;\n        return ContinueSentinel;\n      }\n\n      return this.complete(record);\n    },\n\n    complete: function(record, afterLoc) {\n      if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n        throw record.arg;\n      }\n\n      if (record.type === \"break\" ||\n          record.type === \"continue\") {\n        this.next = record.arg;\n      } else if (record.type === \"return\") {\n        this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;\n        this.method = \"return\";\n        this.next = \"end\";\n      } else if (record.type === \"normal\" && afterLoc) {\n        this.next = afterLoc;\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    },\n\n    finish: function(finallyLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) {\n          this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc);\n          resetTryEntry(entry);\n          return ContinueSentinel;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    \"catch\": function(tryLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {\n          var record = entry.completion;\n          if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n            var thrown = record.arg;\n            resetTryEntry(entry);\n          }\n          return thrown;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // The context.catch method must only be called with a location\n      // argument that corresponds to a known catch block.\n      throw new Error(\"illegal catch attempt\");\n    },\n\n    delegateYield: function(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {\n      this.delegate = {\n        iterator: values(iterable),\n        resultName: resultName,\n        nextLoc: nextLoc\n      };\n\n      if (this.method === \"next\") {\n        // Deliberately forget the last sent value so that we don't\n        // accidentally pass it on to the delegate.\n        this.arg = undefined;\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n  };\n})(\n  // Among the various tricks for obtaining a reference to the global\n  // object, this seems to be the most reliable technique that does not\n  // use indirect eval (which violates Content Security Policy).\n  typeof global === \"object\" ? global :\n  typeof window === \"object\" ? window :\n  typeof self === \"object\" ? self : this\n);\n","var isConstructor = require('../internals/is-constructor');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\n// `Assert: IsConstructor(argument) is true`\nmodule.exports = function (argument) {\n  if (isConstructor(argument)) return argument;\n  throw $TypeError(tryToString(argument) + ' is not a constructor');\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar charAt = require('../internals/string-multibyte').charAt;\n\n// `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex\nmodule.exports = function (S, index, unicode) {\n  return index + (unicode ? charAt(S, index).length : 1);\n};\n","var TO_STRING_TAG_SUPPORT = require('../internals/to-string-tag-support');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classofRaw = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\nvar $Object = Object;\n\n// ES3 wrong here\nvar CORRECT_ARGUMENTS = classofRaw(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';\n\n// fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error\nvar tryGet = function (it, key) {\n  try {\n    return it[key];\n  } catch (error) { /* empty */ }\n};\n\n// getting tag from ES6+ `Object.prototype.toString`\nmodule.exports = TO_STRING_TAG_SUPPORT ? classofRaw : function (it) {\n  var O, tag, result;\n  return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'\n    // @@toStringTag case\n    : typeof (tag = tryGet(O = $Object(it), TO_STRING_TAG)) == 'string' ? tag\n    // builtinTag case\n    : CORRECT_ARGUMENTS ? classofRaw(O)\n    // ES3 arguments fallback\n    : (result = classofRaw(O)) == 'Object' && isCallable(O.callee) ? 'Arguments' : result;\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\n\nmodule.exports = !fails(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  F.prototype.constructor = null;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- required for testing\n  return Object.getPrototypeOf(new F()) !== F.prototype;\n});\n","// `CreateIterResultObject` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createiterresultobject\nmodule.exports = function (value, done) {\n  return { value: value, done: done };\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this-clause');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar NATIVE_BIND = require('../internals/function-bind-native');\n\nvar bind = uncurryThis(uncurryThis.bind);\n\n// optional / simple context binding\nmodule.exports = function (fn, that) {\n  aCallable(fn);\n  return that === undefined ? fn : NATIVE_BIND ? bind(fn, that) : function (/* ...args */) {\n    return fn.apply(that, arguments);\n  };\n};\n","var classofRaw = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\n\nmodule.exports = function (fn) {\n  // Nashorn bug:\n  //   https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1128\n  //   https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1130\n  if (classofRaw(fn) === 'Function') return uncurryThis(fn);\n};\n","var classof = require('../internals/classof');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (!isNullOrUndefined(it)) return getMethod(it, ITERATOR)\n    || getMethod(it, '@@iterator')\n    || Iterators[classof(it)];\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\nvar getIteratorMethod = require('../internals/get-iterator-method');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nmodule.exports = function (argument, usingIterator) {\n  var iteratorMethod = arguments.length < 2 ? getIteratorMethod(argument) : usingIterator;\n  if (aCallable(iteratorMethod)) return anObject(call(iteratorMethod, argument));\n  throw $TypeError(tryToString(argument) + ' is not iterable');\n};\n","var getBuiltIn = require('../internals/get-built-in');\n\nmodule.exports = getBuiltIn('document', 'documentElement');\n","var wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\nvar ArrayPrototype = Array.prototype;\n\n// check on default Array iterator\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it !== undefined && (Iterators.Array === it || ArrayPrototype[ITERATOR] === it);\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof');\nvar getBuiltIn = require('../internals/get-built-in');\nvar inspectSource = require('../internals/inspect-source');\n\nvar noop = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar empty = [];\nvar construct = getBuiltIn('Reflect', 'construct');\nvar constructorRegExp = /^\\s*(?:class|function)\\b/;\nvar exec = uncurryThis(constructorRegExp.exec);\nvar INCORRECT_TO_STRING = !constructorRegExp.exec(noop);\n\nvar isConstructorModern = function isConstructor(argument) {\n  if (!isCallable(argument)) return false;\n  try {\n    construct(noop, empty, argument);\n    return true;\n  } catch (error) {\n    return false;\n  }\n};\n\nvar isConstructorLegacy = function isConstructor(argument) {\n  if (!isCallable(argument)) return false;\n  switch (classof(argument)) {\n    case 'AsyncFunction':\n    case 'GeneratorFunction':\n    case 'AsyncGeneratorFunction': return false;\n  }\n  try {\n    // we can't check .prototype since constructors produced by .bind haven't it\n    // `Function#toString` throws on some built-it function in some legacy engines\n    // (for example, `DOMQuad` and similar in FF41-)\n    return INCORRECT_TO_STRING || !!exec(constructorRegExp, inspectSource(argument));\n  } catch (error) {\n    return true;\n  }\n};\n\nisConstructorLegacy.sham = true;\n\n// `IsConstructor` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isconstructor\nmodule.exports = !construct || fails(function () {\n  var called;\n  return isConstructorModern(isConstructorModern.call)\n    || !isConstructorModern(Object)\n    || !isConstructorModern(function () { called = true; })\n    || called;\n}) ? isConstructorLegacy : isConstructorModern;\n","var isObject = require('../internals/is-object');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar MATCH = wellKnownSymbol('match');\n\n// `IsRegExp` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isregexp\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var isRegExp;\n  return isObject(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : classof(it) == 'RegExp');\n};\n","var bind = require('../internals/function-bind-context');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\nvar isArrayIteratorMethod = require('../internals/is-array-iterator-method');\nvar lengthOfArrayLike = require('../internals/length-of-array-like');\nvar isPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-is-prototype-of');\nvar getIterator = require('../internals/get-iterator');\nvar getIteratorMethod = require('../internals/get-iterator-method');\nvar iteratorClose = require('../internals/iterator-close');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nvar Result = function (stopped, result) {\n  this.stopped = stopped;\n  this.result = result;\n};\n\nvar ResultPrototype = Result.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (iterable, unboundFunction, options) {\n  var that = options && options.that;\n  var AS_ENTRIES = !!(options && options.AS_ENTRIES);\n  var IS_RECORD = !!(options && options.IS_RECORD);\n  var IS_ITERATOR = !!(options && options.IS_ITERATOR);\n  var INTERRUPTED = !!(options && options.INTERRUPTED);\n  var fn = bind(unboundFunction, that);\n  var iterator, iterFn, index, length, result, next, step;\n\n  var stop = function (condition) {\n    if (iterator) iteratorClose(iterator, 'normal', condition);\n    return new Result(true, condition);\n  };\n\n  var callFn = function (value) {\n    if (AS_ENTRIES) {\n      anObject(value);\n      return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value[0], value[1], stop) : fn(value[0], value[1]);\n    } return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value, stop) : fn(value);\n  };\n\n  if (IS_RECORD) {\n    iterator = iterable.iterator;\n  } else if (IS_ITERATOR) {\n    iterator = iterable;\n  } else {\n    iterFn = getIteratorMethod(iterable);\n    if (!iterFn) throw $TypeError(tryToString(iterable) + ' is not iterable');\n    // optimisation for array iterators\n    if (isArrayIteratorMethod(iterFn)) {\n      for (index = 0, length = lengthOfArrayLike(iterable); length > index; index++) {\n        result = callFn(iterable[index]);\n        if (result && isPrototypeOf(ResultPrototype, result)) return result;\n      } return new Result(false);\n    }\n    iterator = getIterator(iterable, iterFn);\n  }\n\n  next = IS_RECORD ? iterable.next : iterator.next;\n  while (!(step = call(next, iterator)).done) {\n    try {\n      result = callFn(step.value);\n    } catch (error) {\n      iteratorClose(iterator, 'throw', error);\n    }\n    if (typeof result == 'object' && result && isPrototypeOf(ResultPrototype, result)) return result;\n  } return new Result(false);\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\n\nmodule.exports = function (iterator, kind, value) {\n  var innerResult, innerError;\n  anObject(iterator);\n  try {\n    innerResult = getMethod(iterator, 'return');\n    if (!innerResult) {\n      if (kind === 'throw') throw value;\n      return value;\n    }\n    innerResult = call(innerResult, iterator);\n  } catch (error) {\n    innerError = true;\n    innerResult = error;\n  }\n  if (kind === 'throw') throw value;\n  if (innerError) throw innerResult;\n  anObject(innerResult);\n  return value;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar IteratorPrototype = require('../internals/iterators-core').IteratorPrototype;\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar createPropertyDescriptor = require('../internals/create-property-descriptor');\nvar setToStringTag = require('../internals/set-to-string-tag');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\n\nvar returnThis = function () { return this; };\n\nmodule.exports = function (IteratorConstructor, NAME, next, ENUMERABLE_NEXT) {\n  var TO_STRING_TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';\n  IteratorConstructor.prototype = create(IteratorPrototype, { next: createPropertyDescriptor(+!ENUMERABLE_NEXT, next) });\n  setToStringTag(IteratorConstructor, TO_STRING_TAG, false, true);\n  Iterators[TO_STRING_TAG] = returnThis;\n  return IteratorConstructor;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar isObject = require('../internals/is-object');\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-get-prototype-of');\nvar defineBuiltIn = require('../internals/define-built-in');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar IS_PURE = require('../internals/is-pure');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\nvar BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS = false;\n\n// `%IteratorPrototype%` object\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object\nvar IteratorPrototype, PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype, arrayIterator;\n\n/* eslint-disable es/no-array-prototype-keys -- safe */\nif ([].keys) {\n  arrayIterator = [].keys();\n  // Safari 8 has buggy iterators w/o `next`\n  if (!('next' in arrayIterator)) BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS = true;\n  else {\n    PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype = getPrototypeOf(getPrototypeOf(arrayIterator));\n    if (PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype) IteratorPrototype = PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype;\n  }\n}\n\nvar NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE = !isObject(IteratorPrototype) || fails(function () {\n  var test = {};\n  // FF44- legacy iterators case\n  return IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR].call(test) !== test;\n});\n\nif (NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE) IteratorPrototype = {};\nelse if (IS_PURE) IteratorPrototype = create(IteratorPrototype);\n\n// `%IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-@@iterator\nif (!isCallable(IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR])) {\n  defineBuiltIn(IteratorPrototype, ITERATOR, function () {\n    return this;\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  IteratorPrototype: IteratorPrototype,\n  BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS: BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS\n};\n","module.exports = {};\n","'use strict';\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nvar PromiseCapability = function (C) {\n  var resolve, reject;\n  this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {\n    if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw $TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');\n    resolve = $$resolve;\n    reject = $$reject;\n  });\n  this.resolve = aCallable(resolve);\n  this.reject = aCallable(reject);\n};\n\n// `NewPromiseCapability` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-newpromisecapability\nmodule.exports.f = function (C) {\n  return new PromiseCapability(C);\n};\n","/* global ActiveXObject -- old IE, WSH */\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar definePropertiesModule = require('../internals/object-define-properties');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('../internals/enum-bug-keys');\nvar hiddenKeys = require('../internals/hidden-keys');\nvar html = require('../internals/html');\nvar documentCreateElement = require('../internals/document-create-element');\nvar sharedKey = require('../internals/shared-key');\n\nvar GT = '>';\nvar LT = '<';\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar SCRIPT = 'script';\nvar IE_PROTO = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');\n\nvar EmptyConstructor = function () { /* empty */ };\n\nvar scriptTag = function (content) {\n  return LT + SCRIPT + GT + content + LT + '/' + SCRIPT + GT;\n};\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use ActiveX Object with cleared prototype\nvar NullProtoObjectViaActiveX = function (activeXDocument) {\n  activeXDocument.write(scriptTag(''));\n  activeXDocument.close();\n  var temp = activeXDocument.parentWindow.Object;\n  activeXDocument = null; // avoid memory leak\n  return temp;\n};\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype\nvar NullProtoObjectViaIFrame = function () {\n  // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug\n  var iframe = documentCreateElement('iframe');\n  var JS = 'java' + SCRIPT + ':';\n  var iframeDocument;\n  iframe.style.display = 'none';\n  html.appendChild(iframe);\n  // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/475\n  iframe.src = String(JS);\n  iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;\n  iframeDocument.open();\n  iframeDocument.write(scriptTag('document.F=Object'));\n  iframeDocument.close();\n  return iframeDocument.F;\n};\n\n// Check for document.domain and active x support\n// No need to use active x approach when document.domain is not set\n// see https://github.com/es-shims/es5-shim/issues/150\n// variation of https://github.com/kitcambridge/es5-shim/commit/4f738ac066346\n// avoid IE GC bug\nvar activeXDocument;\nvar NullProtoObject = function () {\n  try {\n    activeXDocument = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n  } catch (error) { /* ignore */ }\n  NullProtoObject = typeof document != 'undefined'\n    ? document.domain && activeXDocument\n      ? NullProtoObjectViaActiveX(activeXDocument) // old IE\n      : NullProtoObjectViaIFrame()\n    : NullProtoObjectViaActiveX(activeXDocument); // WSH\n  var length = enumBugKeys.length;\n  while (length--) delete NullProtoObject[PROTOTYPE][enumBugKeys[length]];\n  return NullProtoObject();\n};\n\nhiddenKeys[IE_PROTO] = true;\n\n// `Object.create` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.create\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-create -- safe\nmodule.exports = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {\n  var result;\n  if (O !== null) {\n    EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE] = anObject(O);\n    result = new EmptyConstructor();\n    EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE] = null;\n    // add \"__proto__\" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill\n    result[IE_PROTO] = O;\n  } else result = NullProtoObject();\n  return Properties === undefined ? result : definePropertiesModule.f(result, Properties);\n};\n","var DESCRIPTORS = require('../internals/descriptors');\nvar V8_PROTOTYPE_DEFINE_BUG = require('../internals/v8-prototype-define-bug');\nvar definePropertyModule = require('../internals/object-define-property');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar toIndexedObject = require('../internals/to-indexed-object');\nvar objectKeys = require('../internals/object-keys');\n\n// `Object.defineProperties` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperties\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperties -- safe\nexports.f = DESCRIPTORS && !V8_PROTOTYPE_DEFINE_BUG ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {\n  anObject(O);\n  var props = toIndexedObject(Properties);\n  var keys = objectKeys(Properties);\n  var length = keys.length;\n  var index = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (length > index) definePropertyModule.f(O, key = keys[index++], props[key]);\n  return O;\n};\n","var hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar toObject = require('../internals/to-object');\nvar sharedKey = require('../internals/shared-key');\nvar CORRECT_PROTOTYPE_GETTER = require('../internals/correct-prototype-getter');\n\nvar IE_PROTO = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');\nvar $Object = Object;\nvar ObjectPrototype = $Object.prototype;\n\n// `Object.getPrototypeOf` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getprototypeof\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- safe\nmodule.exports = CORRECT_PROTOTYPE_GETTER ? $Object.getPrototypeOf : function (O) {\n  var object = toObject(O);\n  if (hasOwn(object, IE_PROTO)) return object[IE_PROTO];\n  var constructor = object.constructor;\n  if (isCallable(constructor) && object instanceof constructor) {\n    return constructor.prototype;\n  } return object instanceof $Object ? ObjectPrototype : null;\n};\n","var internalObjectKeys = require('../internals/object-keys-internal');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('../internals/enum-bug-keys');\n\n// `Object.keys` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.keys\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-keys -- safe\nmodule.exports = Object.keys || function keys(O) {\n  return internalObjectKeys(O, enumBugKeys);\n};\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return { error: false, value: exec() };\n  } catch (error) {\n    return { error: true, value: error };\n  }\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar regexpExec = require('../internals/regexp-exec');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\n// `RegExpExec` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec\nmodule.exports = function (R, S) {\n  var exec = R.exec;\n  if (isCallable(exec)) {\n    var result = call(exec, R, S);\n    if (result !== null) anObject(result);\n    return result;\n  }\n  if (classof(R) === 'RegExp') return call(regexpExec, R, S);\n  throw $TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');\n};\n","'use strict';\n/* eslint-disable regexp/no-empty-capturing-group, regexp/no-empty-group, regexp/no-lazy-ends -- testing */\n/* eslint-disable regexp/no-useless-quantifier -- testing */\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar regexpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-flags');\nvar stickyHelpers = require('../internals/regexp-sticky-helpers');\nvar shared = require('../internals/shared');\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar getInternalState = require('../internals/internal-state').get;\nvar UNSUPPORTED_DOT_ALL = require('../internals/regexp-unsupported-dot-all');\nvar UNSUPPORTED_NCG = require('../internals/regexp-unsupported-ncg');\n\nvar nativeReplace = shared('native-string-replace', String.prototype.replace);\nvar nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\nvar patchedExec = nativeExec;\nvar charAt = uncurryThis(''.charAt);\nvar indexOf = uncurryThis(''.indexOf);\nvar replace = uncurryThis(''.replace);\nvar stringSlice = uncurryThis(''.slice);\n\nvar UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {\n  var re1 = /a/;\n  var re2 = /b*/g;\n  call(nativeExec, re1, 'a');\n  call(nativeExec, re2, 'a');\n  return re1.lastIndex !== 0 || re2.lastIndex !== 0;\n})();\n\nvar UNSUPPORTED_Y = stickyHelpers.BROKEN_CARET;\n\n// nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.\nvar NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;\n\nvar PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED || UNSUPPORTED_Y || UNSUPPORTED_DOT_ALL || UNSUPPORTED_NCG;\n\nif (PATCH) {\n  patchedExec = function exec(string) {\n    var re = this;\n    var state = getInternalState(re);\n    var str = toString(string);\n    var raw = state.raw;\n    var result, reCopy, lastIndex, match, i, object, group;\n\n    if (raw) {\n      raw.lastIndex = re.lastIndex;\n      result = call(patchedExec, raw, str);\n      re.lastIndex = raw.lastIndex;\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    var groups = state.groups;\n    var sticky = UNSUPPORTED_Y && re.sticky;\n    var flags = call(regexpFlags, re);\n    var source = re.source;\n    var charsAdded = 0;\n    var strCopy = str;\n\n    if (sticky) {\n      flags = replace(flags, 'y', '');\n      if (indexOf(flags, 'g') === -1) {\n        flags += 'g';\n      }\n\n      strCopy = stringSlice(str, re.lastIndex);\n      // Support anchored sticky behavior.\n      if (re.lastIndex > 0 && (!re.multiline || re.multiline && charAt(str, re.lastIndex - 1) !== '\\n')) {\n        source = '(?: ' + source + ')';\n        strCopy = ' ' + strCopy;\n        charsAdded++;\n      }\n      // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some str slicing, to\n      // simulate the 'y' flag.\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^(?:' + source + ')', flags);\n    }\n\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^' + source + '$(?!\\\\s)', flags);\n    }\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re.lastIndex;\n\n    match = call(nativeExec, sticky ? reCopy : re, strCopy);\n\n    if (sticky) {\n      if (match) {\n        match.input = stringSlice(match.input, charsAdded);\n        match[0] = stringSlice(match[0], charsAdded);\n        match.index = re.lastIndex;\n        re.lastIndex += match[0].length;\n      } else re.lastIndex = 0;\n    } else if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {\n      re.lastIndex = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;\n    }\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {\n      // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`\n      // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn't work for /(.?)?/\n      call(nativeReplace, match[0], reCopy, function () {\n        for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {\n          if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    if (match && groups) {\n      match.groups = object = create(null);\n      for (i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {\n        group = groups[i];\n        object[group[0]] = match[group[1]];\n      }\n    }\n\n    return match;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = patchedExec;\n","'use strict';\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\n\n// `RegExp.prototype.flags` getter implementation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-regexp.prototype.flags\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var that = anObject(this);\n  var result = '';\n  if (that.hasIndices) result += 'd';\n  if (that.global) result += 'g';\n  if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';\n  if (that.multiline) result += 'm';\n  if (that.dotAll) result += 's';\n  if (that.unicode) result += 'u';\n  if (that.unicodeSets) result += 'v';\n  if (that.sticky) result += 'y';\n  return result;\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar isPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-is-prototype-of');\nvar regExpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-flags');\n\nvar RegExpPrototype = RegExp.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (R) {\n  var flags = R.flags;\n  return flags === undefined && !('flags' in RegExpPrototype) && !hasOwn(R, 'flags') && isPrototypeOf(RegExpPrototype, R)\n    ? call(regExpFlags, R) : flags;\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('a', 'y') -> /a/y and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nvar UNSUPPORTED_Y = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('a', 'y');\n  re.lastIndex = 2;\n  return re.exec('abcd') != null;\n});\n\n// UC Browser bug\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1008\nvar MISSED_STICKY = UNSUPPORTED_Y || fails(function () {\n  return !$RegExp('a', 'y').sticky;\n});\n\nvar BROKEN_CARET = UNSUPPORTED_Y || fails(function () {\n  // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773687\n  var re = $RegExp('^r', 'gy');\n  re.lastIndex = 2;\n  return re.exec('str') != null;\n});\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  BROKEN_CARET: BROKEN_CARET,\n  MISSED_STICKY: MISSED_STICKY,\n  UNSUPPORTED_Y: UNSUPPORTED_Y\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('.', 's') -> /./s and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nmodule.exports = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('.', 's');\n  return !(re.dotAll && re.exec('\\n') && re.flags === 's');\n});\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('(?<a>b)', 'g') -> /(?<a>b)/g and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nmodule.exports = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('(?<a>b)', 'g');\n  return re.exec('b').groups.a !== 'b' ||\n    'b'.replace(re, '$<a>c') !== 'bc';\n});\n","var defineProperty = require('../internals/object-define-property').f;\nvar hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\n\nmodule.exports = function (target, TAG, STATIC) {\n  if (target && !STATIC) target = target.prototype;\n  if (target && !hasOwn(target, TO_STRING_TAG)) {\n    defineProperty(target, TO_STRING_TAG, { configurable: true, value: TAG });\n  }\n};\n","var anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar aConstructor = require('../internals/a-constructor');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar SPECIES = wellKnownSymbol('species');\n\n// `SpeciesConstructor` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-speciesconstructor\nmodule.exports = function (O, defaultConstructor) {\n  var C = anObject(O).constructor;\n  var S;\n  return C === undefined || isNullOrUndefined(S = anObject(C)[SPECIES]) ? defaultConstructor : aConstructor(S);\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar toIntegerOrInfinity = require('../internals/to-integer-or-infinity');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar requireObjectCoercible = require('../internals/require-object-coercible');\n\nvar charAt = uncurryThis(''.charAt);\nvar charCodeAt = uncurryThis(''.charCodeAt);\nvar stringSlice = uncurryThis(''.slice);\n\nvar createMethod = function (CONVERT_TO_STRING) {\n  return function ($this, pos) {\n    var S = toString(requireObjectCoercible($this));\n    var position = toIntegerOrInfinity(pos);\n    var size = S.length;\n    var first, second;\n    if (position < 0 || position >= size) return CONVERT_TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;\n    first = charCodeAt(S, position);\n    return first < 0xD800 || first > 0xDBFF || position + 1 === size\n      || (second = charCodeAt(S, position + 1)) < 0xDC00 || second > 0xDFFF\n        ? CONVERT_TO_STRING\n          ? charAt(S, position)\n          : first\n        : CONVERT_TO_STRING\n          ? stringSlice(S, position, position + 2)\n          : (first - 0xD800 << 10) + (second - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;\n  };\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  // `String.prototype.codePointAt` method\n  // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.codepointat\n  codeAt: createMethod(false),\n  // `String.prototype.at` method\n  // https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at\n  charAt: createMethod(true)\n};\n","var wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\nvar test = {};\n\ntest[TO_STRING_TAG] = 'z';\n\nmodule.exports = String(test) === '[object z]';\n","var classof = require('../internals/classof');\n\nvar $String = String;\n\nmodule.exports = function (argument) {\n  if (classof(argument) === 'Symbol') throw TypeError('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string');\n  return $String(argument);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar $ = require('../internals/export');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar newPromiseCapabilityModule = require('../internals/new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('../internals/perform');\nvar iterate = require('../internals/iterate');\n\n// `Promise.allSettled` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.allsettled\n$({ target: 'Promise', stat: true }, {\n  allSettled: function allSettled(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapabilityModule.f(C);\n    var resolve = capability.resolve;\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      var promiseResolve = aCallable(C.resolve);\n      var values = [];\n      var counter = 0;\n      var remaining = 1;\n      iterate(iterable, function (promise) {\n        var index = counter++;\n        var alreadyCalled = false;\n        remaining++;\n        call(promiseResolve, C, promise).then(function (value) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[index] = { status: 'fulfilled', value: value };\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        }, function (error) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[index] = { status: 'rejected', reason: error };\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        });\n      });\n      --remaining || resolve(values);\n    });\n    if (result.error) reject(result.value);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n/* eslint-disable es/no-string-prototype-matchall -- safe */\nvar $ = require('../internals/export');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this-clause');\nvar createIteratorConstructor = require('../internals/iterator-create-constructor');\nvar createIterResultObject = require('../internals/create-iter-result-object');\nvar requireObjectCoercible = require('../internals/require-object-coercible');\nvar toLength = require('../internals/to-length');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar isRegExp = require('../internals/is-regexp');\nvar getRegExpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-get-flags');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\nvar defineBuiltIn = require('../internals/define-built-in');\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('../internals/species-constructor');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('../internals/advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('../internals/regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar InternalStateModule = require('../internals/internal-state');\nvar IS_PURE = require('../internals/is-pure');\n\nvar MATCH_ALL = wellKnownSymbol('matchAll');\nvar REGEXP_STRING = 'RegExp String';\nvar REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR = REGEXP_STRING + ' Iterator';\nvar setInternalState = InternalStateModule.set;\nvar getInternalState = InternalStateModule.getterFor(REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR);\nvar RegExpPrototype = RegExp.prototype;\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\nvar stringIndexOf = uncurryThis(''.indexOf);\nvar nativeMatchAll = uncurryThis(''.matchAll);\n\nvar WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX = !!nativeMatchAll && !fails(function () {\n  nativeMatchAll('a', /./);\n});\n\nvar $RegExpStringIterator = createIteratorConstructor(function RegExpStringIterator(regexp, string, $global, fullUnicode) {\n  setInternalState(this, {\n    type: REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR,\n    regexp: regexp,\n    string: string,\n    global: $global,\n    unicode: fullUnicode,\n    done: false\n  });\n}, REGEXP_STRING, function next() {\n  var state = getInternalState(this);\n  if (state.done) return createIterResultObject(undefined, true);\n  var R = state.regexp;\n  var S = state.string;\n  var match = regExpExec(R, S);\n  if (match === null) {\n    state.done = true;\n    return createIterResultObject(undefined, true);\n  }\n  if (state.global) {\n    if (toString(match[0]) === '') R.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(R.lastIndex), state.unicode);\n    return createIterResultObject(match, false);\n  }\n  state.done = true;\n  return createIterResultObject(match, false);\n});\n\nvar $matchAll = function (string) {\n  var R = anObject(this);\n  var S = toString(string);\n  var C = speciesConstructor(R, RegExp);\n  var flags = toString(getRegExpFlags(R));\n  var matcher, $global, fullUnicode;\n  matcher = new C(C === RegExp ? R.source : R, flags);\n  $global = !!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'g');\n  fullUnicode = !!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'u');\n  matcher.lastIndex = toLength(R.lastIndex);\n  return new $RegExpStringIterator(matcher, S, $global, fullUnicode);\n};\n\n// `String.prototype.matchAll` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.matchall\n$({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX }, {\n  matchAll: function matchAll(regexp) {\n    var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);\n    var flags, S, matcher, rx;\n    if (!isNullOrUndefined(regexp)) {\n      if (isRegExp(regexp)) {\n        flags = toString(requireObjectCoercible(getRegExpFlags(regexp)));\n        if (!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'g')) throw $TypeError('`.matchAll` does not allow non-global regexes');\n      }\n      if (WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX) return nativeMatchAll(O, regexp);\n      matcher = getMethod(regexp, MATCH_ALL);\n      if (matcher === undefined && IS_PURE && classof(regexp) == 'RegExp') matcher = $matchAll;\n      if (matcher) return call(matcher, regexp, O);\n    } else if (WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX) return nativeMatchAll(O, regexp);\n    S = toString(O);\n    rx = new RegExp(regexp, 'g');\n    return IS_PURE ? call($matchAll, rx, S) : rx[MATCH_ALL](S);\n  }\n});\n\nIS_PURE || MATCH_ALL in RegExpPrototype || defineBuiltIn(RegExpPrototype, MATCH_ALL, $matchAll);\n","// TODO: Remove from `core-js@4`\nrequire('../modules/es.promise.all-settled.js');\n","// TODO: Remove from `core-js@4`\nrequire('../modules/es.string.match-all');\n","const courseSettings = {\n  language: \"fi\",\n  name: \"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023\",\n  siteUrl: \"https://ohjelmointi-23.mooc.fi\",\n  githubUrl: \"https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23\",\n  subtitle: \"Johdatus ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä\",\n  slug: \"ohjelmointi-2023\",\n  organizationName: \"MOOC\",\n  tmcCourse: \"ohjelmointi-2023\",\n  quizzesId: \"6540e753-fc9b-42ab-b137-7d0d66608e5e\",\n  tmcOrganization: \"mooc\",\n  bannerPath: \"banner.svg\",\n  showExerciseDescriptionWhenNotLoggedIn: true,\n  courseVariants: [\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"haaga-helia\",\n      tmcCourse: \"python-2022\",\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"laurea\",\n      tmcCourse: \"laurea-python-syksy-2023\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-kyber23AL\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-KYBER23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-PELI23AL\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-PELI23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-WEB23A\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-WEB23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"uwasa\",\n      tmcCourse: \"python-2023\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"laurea\",\n      tmcCourse: \"OhjelmointiPerusSyksy2023PythonKKAH\"\n    },\n  ],\n}\n\nmodule.exports = courseSettings\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport { Link } from \"gatsby\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { Button as MaterialButton } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledLink = styled(Link)`\n  margin: 1rem 0.5rem;\n`\n\nconst Button = ({ children, to, onClick, disabled, variant = \"outlined\" }) => (\n  <StyledLink\n    onClick={onClick}\n    to={to === undefined ? false : to}\n    disabled={disabled}\n  >\n    <MaterialButton variant={variant}>{children}</MaterialButton>\n  </StyledLink>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Button)\n","import styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst Container = styled.div`\n  width: 90%;\n  max-width: 800px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n`\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Container)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport { CircularProgress } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst LoadingWrapper = styled.div`\n  padding: 5rem;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  width: 100%;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.heightHint &&\n    `\n    height: ${props.heightHint};\n  `}\n`\n\nconst Loading = ({ children, loading = true, heightHint = \"500px\" }) => {\n  if (loading) {\n    return (\n      <LoadingWrapper heightHint={heightHint}>\n        <CircularProgress />\n      </LoadingWrapper>\n    )\n  }\n\n  return <Fragment>{children}</Fragment>\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Loading)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport { signOut, getCachedUserDetails } from \"../services/moocfi\"\nimport LoginStateContext, {\n  withLoginStateContext,\n} from \"../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faUser as profileIcon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  margin-right: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass LoginControls extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  doSignOut = (e) => {\n    e.preventDefault()\n    signOut()\n  }\n\n  async componentDidMount() {\n    if (!this.context.loggedIn) {\n      return\n    }\n    const details = await getCachedUserDetails()\n    let name = `${details?.user_field?.first_name || \"\"} ${\n      details?.user_field?.last_name || \"\"\n    }`.trim()\n    if (name === \"\") {\n      name = details.email\n    }\n    this.setState({\n      name,\n    })\n  }\n\n  state = {\n    name: \"Loading...\",\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return this.context.loggedIn ? (\n      <Fragment>\n        <Button to=\"/profile\">\n          <StyledIcon icon={profileIcon} />\n          {this.state.name}\n        </Button>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-out\" onClick={this.doSignOut}>\n          {this.props.t(\"logout\")}\n        </Button>\n      </Fragment>\n    ) : (\n      <Fragment>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-up\">{this.props.t(\"newAccount\")}</Button>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-in\">{this.props.t(\"login\")}</Button>\n      </Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"common\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(withLoginStateContext(LoginControls)),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport { loggedIn, onLoginStateChanged } from \"../services/moocfi\"\n\nconst LoginStateContext = React.createContext()\n\nexport class LoginStateContextProvider extends React.Component {\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props)\n    this.state = {\n      loggedIn: loggedIn(),\n    }\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    onLoginStateChanged((loggedIn) => {\n      this.setState({ loggedIn })\n    })\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      this.setState({\n        loggedIn: loggedIn(),\n      })\n    }, 5000)\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <LoginStateContext.Provider value={{ loggedIn: this.state.loggedIn }}>\n        {this.props.children}\n      </LoginStateContext.Provider>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport function withLoginStateContext(Component) {\n  return (props) => (\n    <LoginStateContextProvider>\n      <Component {...props} />\n    </LoginStateContextProvider>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default LoginStateContext\n","import React from \"react\"\n\nexport default React.createContext()\n","import TmcClient from \"tmc-client-js\"\nimport fetchPonyfill from \"fetch-ponyfill\"\nimport axios from \"axios\"\nimport * as store from \"store\"\nimport { v4 as uuidv4 } from \"uuid\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nconst { fetch } = fetchPonyfill()\nconst BASE_URL = \"https://tmc.mooc.fi/api/v8\"\n\nconst tmcClient = new TmcClient(\n  \"59a09eef080463f90f8c2f29fbf63014167d13580e1de3562e57b9e6e4515182\",\n  \"2ddf92a15a31f87c1aabb712b7cfd1b88f3465465ec475811ccce6febb1bad28\",\n)\n\nconst loginStateListeners = []\n\nexport function authenticate(credentials) {\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    tmcClient.authenticate(credentials).then(\n      (res) => {\n        loginStateChanged()\n        resolve(res)\n      },\n      (err) => {\n        reject(err)\n      },\n    )\n  })\n}\n\nexport function createAccount(data) {\n  data.username = uuidv4()\n  const body = {\n    user: data,\n    origin: CourseSettings.name,\n    language: \"fi\",\n  }\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    fetch(`${BASE_URL}/users`, {\n      body: JSON.stringify(body),\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n      },\n    }).then((res) => {\n      res.json().then((json) => {\n        if (!json.success) {\n          reject(json.errors)\n        } else {\n          resolve(json)\n        }\n      })\n    })\n  })\n}\n\nexport function resetPassword(email) {\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    fetch(`${BASE_URL}/users/password_reset`, {\n      body: JSON.stringify({ email: email, origin: window.location.host }),\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n      },\n    }).then((res) => {\n      res.json().then((json) => {\n        resolve(json)\n      })\n    })\n  })\n}\n\nexport function loggedIn() {\n  return accessToken() ? true : false\n}\n\nexport function signOut() {\n  store.remove(\"tmc.courses\")\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user\")\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  loginStateChanged()\n}\n\nexport function onLoginStateChanged(callback) {\n  loginStateListeners.push(callback)\n}\n\nexport async function userDetails() {\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/users/current?show_user_fields=true&extra_fields=${CourseSettings.slug}`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  store.set(\"tmc.user.details\", res.data)\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function getCachedUserDetails() {\n  let details = store.get(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  if (!details) {\n    details = await userDetails()\n  }\n  return details\n}\n\nconst createHeader = () => ({\n  Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n})\n\nconst setPasswordFields = (\n  user,\n  currentPassword,\n  password,\n  confirmPassword,\n) => {\n  user[\"old_password\"] = currentPassword\n  user[\"password\"] = password\n  user[\"password_repeat\"] = confirmPassword\n}\n\nexport async function updateUserDetails({ extraFields, userField }) {\n  const res = await axios.put(\n    `${BASE_URL}/users/current`,\n    {\n      user: {\n        extra_fields: {\n          namespace: CourseSettings.slug,\n          data: extraFields,\n        },\n      },\n      user_field: userField,\n    },\n    { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}` } },\n  )\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  await userDetails()\n  return res\n}\n\nexport function updatePassword(currentPassword, password, confirmPassword) {\n  setPasswordFields(userDetails, currentPassword, password, confirmPassword)\n  const id = userDetails[\"id\"]\n\n  return axios\n    .put(`${BASE_URL}/users/${id}`, userDetails, { headers: createHeader() })\n    .then((res) => {\n      return res\n    })\n    .catch((error) => {\n      return Promise.reject(error.response)\n    })\n}\n\nexport async function courseVariants() {\n  let res = await Promise.allSettled(\n    (CourseSettings.courseVariants ?? []).map(async (x) => {\n      const courseRes = await axios.get(\n        `${BASE_URL}/org/${x.tmcOrganization}/courses/${x.tmcCourse}`,\n        {\n          headers: {\n            \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n            Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n          },\n        },\n      )\n      const orgRes = await axios.get(`${BASE_URL}/org/${x.tmcOrganization}`, {\n        headers: { \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\" },\n      })\n      return {\n        key: `${x.tmcOrganization}-${x.tmcCourse}`,\n        tmcCourse: x.tmcCourse,\n        tmcOrganization: x.tmcOrganization,\n        title: courseRes.data.title,\n        organizationName: orgRes.data.name,\n        quizzesId: x.quizzesId ?? CourseSettings.quizzesId,\n      }\n    }),\n  )\n  res = res.filter((x) => x.status === \"fulfilled\").map((x) => x.value)\n  store.set(\"tmc.courses\", res)\n  return res\n}\n\nexport function getCachedCourseVariants() {\n  let variants = store.get(\"tmc.courses\")\n  if (!variants) {\n    variants = courseVariants()\n  }\n  return variants\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingExerciseDetails(exerciseName) {\n  const accessTokenValue = accessToken()\n  const headers = {\n    \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n  }\n  if (accessTokenValue) {\n    headers[\"Authorization\"] = `Bearer ${accessTokenValue}`\n  }\n  const { tmcOrganization, tmcCourse } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/org/${tmcOrganization}/courses/${tmcCourse}/exercises/${exerciseName}`,\n    {\n      headers: headers,\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingExerciseModelSolution(exerciseId) {\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/exercises/${exerciseId}/model_solutions`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingProgress(exerciseName) {\n  const { tmcOrganization, tmcCourse } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/org/${tmcOrganization}/courses/${tmcCourse}/users/current/progress`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data?.points_by_group\n}\n\nexport function canDoResearch() {\n  try {\n    return store.get(\"tmc.user.details\")?.extra_fields?.research === \"1\"\n  } catch (error) {\n    return false\n  }\n}\n\nfunction loginStateChanged() {\n  loginStateListeners.forEach((listener) => {\n    listener(loggedIn())\n  })\n}\n\nexport function accessToken() {\n  try {\n    return store.get(\"tmc.user\").accessToken || null\n  } catch (error) {\n    return null\n  }\n}\n\nexport async function getCourseVariant() {\n  const defaultVariant = {\n    key: `${CourseSettings.tmcOrganization}-${CourseSettings.tmcCourse}`,\n    tmcOrganization: CourseSettings.tmcOrganization,\n    tmcCourse: CourseSettings.tmcCourse,\n    title: CourseSettings.name,\n    organizationName: CourseSettings.organizationName,\n    quizzesId: CourseSettings.quizzesId,\n  }\n\n  const userDetails = loggedIn() && (await getCachedUserDetails())\n  if (userDetails?.extra_fields?.use_course_variant !== \"t\") {\n    return defaultVariant\n  }\n\n  const variant = (await getCachedCourseVariants()).find(\n    (x) => x.key === userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant,\n  )\n\n  return variant || defaultVariant\n}\n","import axios from \"axios\"\nimport { accessToken, getCourseVariant } from \"./moocfi\"\n\nexport async function fetchQuizzesProgress() {\n  const { quizzesId } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const response = await axios.get(\n    `https://quizzes.mooc.fi/api/v2/general/course/${quizzesId}/progress`,\n    { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}` } },\n  )\n  return response.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchQuizNames() {\n  const { quizzesId } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const response = await axios.get(\n    `https://quizzes.mooc.fi/api/v2/general/course/${quizzesId}/quiz-titles`,\n  )\n  return response.data\n}\n","import i18n from \"i18next\"\nimport { initReactI18next } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../course-settings\"\nimport commonEN from \"./locales/common/en\"\nimport pointsBalloonEN from \"./locales/pointsBalloon/en\"\nimport userEN from \"./locales/user/en\"\nimport commonFI from \"./locales/common/fi\"\nimport pointsBalloonFI from \"./locales/pointsBalloon/fi\"\nimport userFI from \"./locales/user/fi\"\n\nconst resources = {\n  en: {\n    common: commonEN,\n    \"points-balloon\": pointsBalloonEN,\n    user: userEN,\n  },\n  fi: {\n    common: commonFI,\n    \"points-balloon\": pointsBalloonFI,\n    user: userFI,\n  },\n}\n\ni18n.use(initReactI18next).init({\n  resources,\n  ns: [\"common\", \"user\", \"points-balloon\"],\n  defaultNS: \"common\",\n  react: {\n    wait: true,\n  },\n  lng: CourseSettings.language,\n})\n\nexport default i18n\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport logo from \"../images/logo.png\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport \"typeface-open-sans-condensed\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst LogoImg = styled.img`\n  width: 3.4em;\n  height: 3.4em;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n`\n\nconst LogoTypography = styled.div`\n  flex: 1;\n  font-family: \"Open Sans Condensed\", sans-serif !important;\n  font-size: 1.75em !important;\n`\n\nconst StyledLink = styled.a`\n  text-decoration: none;\n  color: black;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  padding: 1em;\n  padding-right: 1.7em;\n  height: 64px;\n  background-color: white;\n\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n  }\n`\n\nconst Logo = () => (\n  <StyledLink href=\"https://mooc.fi\">\n    <LogoImg src={logo} />\n    <LogoTypography variant=\"title\" color=\"inherit\">\n      MOOC.fi\n    </LogoTypography>\n  </StyledLink>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Logo)\n","export default \"data:image/png;base64,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\"","// Used for animations\nimport { createGlobalStyle } from \"styled-components\"\n\ncreateGlobalStyle`\n  .render-element-off-screen-for-measurement {\n    position: absolute !important;\n    top: -100000px !important;\n    height: auto !important;\n  }\n`\n\nconst saveHeight = (element, height) => {\n  element.style.setProperty(\"--calculated-height\", height)\n}\n\nconst calculateElementHeightOffScreen = (element) => {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    element.classList.add(\"render-element-off-screen-for-measurement\")\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      const height = element.getBoundingClientRect().height\n      element.classList.remove(\"render-element-off-screen-for-measurement\")\n      resolve(height)\n    }, 100)\n  })\n}\n\nconst calculateElementHeight = async (element) => {\n  let { height } = element.getBoundingClientRect()\n  if (height === 0) {\n    height = await calculateElementHeightOffScreen(element)\n  }\n  saveHeight(element, height)\n}\n\nexport const trackElementHeight = (element) => {\n  if (element === null) {\n    return\n  }\n  element.classList.add(\"track-element-height-changes-for-animations\")\n  calculateElementHeight(element)\n}\n\nconst trackHeight = () => {\n  window.addEventListener(\"resize\", () => {\n    document\n      .querySelectorAll(\".track-element-height-changes-for-animations\")\n      .forEach((e) => {\n        calculateElementHeight(e)\n      })\n  })\n}\n\nexport default trackHeight\n","import * as React from 'react';\nimport createSvgIcon from '../../utils/createSvgIcon';\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nexport default createSvgIcon( /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n  d: \"M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z\"\n}), 'Person');","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport Person from '../internal/svg-icons/Person';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      position: 'relative',\n      display: 'flex',\n      alignItems: 'center',\n      justifyContent: 'center',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      width: 40,\n      height: 40,\n      fontFamily: theme.typography.fontFamily,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(20),\n      lineHeight: 1,\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      userSelect: 'none'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if not `src` or `srcSet`. */\n    colorDefault: {\n      color: theme.palette.background.default,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[400] : theme.palette.grey[600]\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"circle\"`. */\n    circle: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"circular\"`. */\n    circular: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"rounded\"`. */\n    rounded: {\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"square\"`. */\n    square: {\n      borderRadius: 0\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the img element if either `src` or `srcSet` is defined. */\n    img: {\n      width: '100%',\n      height: '100%',\n      textAlign: 'center',\n      // Handle non-square image. The property isn't supported by IE 11.\n      objectFit: 'cover',\n      // Hide alt text.\n      color: 'transparent',\n      // Hide the image broken icon, only works on Chrome.\n      textIndent: 10000\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the fallback icon */\n    fallback: {\n      width: '75%',\n      height: '75%'\n    }\n  };\n};\nfunction useLoaded(_ref) {\n  var src = _ref.src,\n    srcSet = _ref.srcSet;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    loaded = _React$useState[0],\n    setLoaded = _React$useState[1];\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (!src && !srcSet) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    setLoaded(false);\n    var active = true;\n    var image = new Image();\n    image.src = src;\n    image.srcSet = srcSet;\n    image.onload = function () {\n      if (!active) {\n        return;\n      }\n      setLoaded('loaded');\n    };\n    image.onerror = function () {\n      if (!active) {\n        return;\n      }\n      setLoaded('error');\n    };\n    return function () {\n      active = false;\n    };\n  }, [src, srcSet]);\n  return loaded;\n}\nvar Avatar = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Avatar(props, ref) {\n  var alt = props.alt,\n    childrenProp = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    imgProps = props.imgProps,\n    sizes = props.sizes,\n    src = props.src,\n    srcSet = props.srcSet,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'circular' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"alt\", \"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"imgProps\", \"sizes\", \"src\", \"srcSet\", \"variant\"]);\n  var children = null; // Use a hook instead of onError on the img element to support server-side rendering.\n\n  var loaded = useLoaded({\n    src: src,\n    srcSet: srcSet\n  });\n  var hasImg = src || srcSet;\n  var hasImgNotFailing = hasImg && loaded !== 'error';\n  if (hasImgNotFailing) {\n    children = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"img\", _extends({\n      alt: alt,\n      src: src,\n      srcSet: srcSet,\n      sizes: sizes,\n      className: classes.img\n    }, imgProps));\n  } else if (childrenProp != null) {\n    children = childrenProp;\n  } else if (hasImg && alt) {\n    children = alt[0];\n  } else {\n    children = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Person, {\n      className: classes.fallback\n    });\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, classes.system, classes[variant], className, !hasImgNotFailing && classes.colorDefault),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), children);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiAvatar'\n})(Avatar);","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport { Motion, spring } from \"react-motion\"\n\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faCaretRight } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport { trackElementHeight } from \"../../util/trackHeight\"\nimport GatsbyLink from \"gatsby-link\"\nimport { Location } from \"@reach/router\"\nimport Avatar from \"@material-ui/core/Avatar\"\nimport Chip from \"@material-ui/core/Chip\"\nimport Divider from \"@material-ui/core/Divider\"\n\nimport { faUnlockAlt as icon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst ChildrenList = styled.ul`\n  height: calc(var(--open-ratio) * var(--calculated-height) * 1px);\n  overflow: hidden;\n  margin-left: 0;\n`\n\nconst ListItem = styled.li`\n  list-style-type: none;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  padding: 0.75em;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n`\n\nconst ListItemLabel = styled.div`\n  flex: 1;\n  padding: 0.3em;\n`\n\nconst NavigationLink = styled(GatsbyLink)`\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n  width: 100%;\n  background-color: white;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.active === \"t\" &&\n    `\n    border-color: #f75b4b !important;\n    background-color: #edeaea;\n  `}\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    background-color: #f5ebeb;\n    border-color: #f5ebeb;\n    //filter: brightness(0.5);\n  }\n`\n\nconst DisabledItem = styled.div`\n  opacity: 0.5;\n  width: 100%;\n  cursor: default !important;\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n`\n\nconst DisabledItemWithLink = styled(GatsbyLink)`\n  opacity: 0.5;\n  width: 100%;\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n  background-color: white;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.active === \"t\" &&\n    `\n    border-color: #f75b4b !important;\n    background-color: #edeaea;\n  `}\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    background-color: #f5ebeb;\n    border-color: #f5ebeb;\n    //filter: brightness(0.5);\n  }\n`\n\nconst ItemTitleWrapper = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n\n  a {\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n  }\n\n  &.active-section {\n    background-color: #ffdfdf;\n    border-top-left-radius: 5px;\n    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;\n    a {\n      color: black;\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-left: 0.5em;\n  transform: rotate(calc(var(--open-ratio) * 90deg));\n`\n\nconst StyledChip = styled(Chip)`\n  span {\n    width: 6.5em;\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledDivider = styled(Divider)`\n  margin: 1em 16px !important;\n`\n\nconst Centered = styled.div`\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass TreeViewItem extends React.Component {\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props)\n    this.state = {\n      childrenVisible: props.item.childrenVisibleByDefault || false,\n    }\n    this.childrenListRef = React.createRef()\n  }\n\n  onClick = () => {\n    this.setState((prev) => ({\n      childrenVisible: !prev.childrenVisible,\n    }))\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    if (this.props.item.children) {\n      trackElementHeight(this.childrenListRef.current)\n    }\n  }\n  render() {\n    if (this.props.item.separator) {\n      return (\n        <Centered>\n          <StyledDivider />\n          <b>{this.props.item.title}</b>\n        </Centered>\n      )\n    }\n    return (\n      <React.Fragment>\n        <Location>\n          {({ navigate, location }) => {\n            let active =\n              location.pathname === this.props.item.path ||\n              location.pathname.includes(this.props.item.path + \"/\")\n            if (this.props.item.path === \"/\") {\n              active = location.pathname === this.props.item.path\n            }\n            return (\n              <Motion\n                style={{\n                  openRatio: spring(this.state.childrenVisible ? 1 : 0),\n                }}\n              >\n                {({ openRatio }) => (\n                  <React.Fragment>\n                    <ItemTitleWrapper\n                      className={`nav-item-${this.props.item.title\n                        .toLowerCase()\n                        .replace(/ /g, \"-\")}`}\n                    >\n                      {this.props.item.children && (\n                        <StyledIcon\n                          style={{ \"--open-ratio\": `${openRatio}` }}\n                          icon={faCaretRight}\n                          size=\"1x\"\n                        />\n                      )}\n                      <LinkWrapper\n                        to={this.props.item.path || \"#\"}\n                        active={active ? \"t\" : \"f\"}\n                        disabled={this.props.item.tba}\n                      >\n                        <ListItem onClick={this.onClick}>\n                          <ListItemLabel>{this.props.item.title}</ListItemLabel>\n                          {this.props.item.tba && (\n                            <StyledChip\n                              avatar={\n                                <Avatar>\n                                  <FontAwesomeIcon icon={icon} />\n                                </Avatar>\n                              }\n                              label={this.props.item.tba}\n                            />\n                          )}\n                        </ListItem>\n                      </LinkWrapper>\n                    </ItemTitleWrapper>\n                    {this.props.item.children && (\n                      <ChildrenList\n                        innerRef={this.childrenListRef}\n                        style={{ \"--open-ratio\": `${openRatio}` }}\n                      >\n                        {this.props.item.children.map((i) => (\n                          <TreeViewItem key={i.title} item={i} />\n                        ))}\n                      </ChildrenList>\n                    )}\n                  </React.Fragment>\n                )}\n              </Motion>\n            )\n          }}\n        </Location>\n      </React.Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nfunction LinkWrapper(props) {\n  if (props.disabled) {\n    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === \"production\") {\n      return <DisabledItem {...props} />\n    }\n    return <DisabledItemWithLink {...props} />\n  }\n  return <NavigationLink {...props} />\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(TreeViewItem)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport TreeViewItem from \"./TreeViewItem\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledUl = styled.ul`\n  margin-left: 0;\n  margin-top: 0.5em;\n  padding-left: 0;\n`\n\nclass TreeView extends React.Component {\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <StyledUl>\n        {this.props.data.map((top) => (\n          <TreeViewItem key={top.title} item={top} spy />\n        ))}\n      </StyledUl>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(TreeView)\n","export const SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT = \"900px\"\nexport const MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT = \"1200px\"\nexport const MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = \"245px\"\nexport const LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = \"324px\"\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { graphql, StaticQuery } from \"gatsby\"\nimport { Button } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nimport Logo from \"./Logo\"\nimport TreeView from \"./TreeView\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\n\nimport { faBars, faTimes } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport {\n  MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT,\n  SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT,\n  MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n} from \"../util/constants\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-left: 0.1em;\n  color: var(--color);\n  font-size: 1.5em;\n`\n\nconst SidebarContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  background-color: white;\n\n  ${(props) =>\n    !props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n      display: none;\n    `}\n\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    height: 100%;\n    width: ${LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    background-color: white;\n    z-index: 100;\n    box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),\n      0px 1px 1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14), 0px 2px 1px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);\n    overflow-y: scroll;\n    display: flex;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: ${MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n    font-size: 0.85rem;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: 90%;\n    max-width: 500px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n  }\n`\nconst LogoContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  background-color: white;\n  justify-content: space-around;\n  align-content: center;\n  align-items: center;\n`\n\nconst TreeViewContainer = styled.nav`\n  flex: 1;\n  margin-bottom: 1em;\n`\n\nconst Brand = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  text-align: center;\n  padding: 1em;\n  padding-top: 2em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #c0392b;\n  font-size: 1.15em;\n`\n\nconst MenuExpanderWrapper = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  margin-top: 1em;\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    display: none;\n  }\n`\n\nconst MobileWrapper = styled.div`\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 999999999;\n    overflow-y: scroll;\n    background-color: white;\n  }\n`\n\nconst MobileWrapperOrFragment = (props) => {\n  if (props.mobileMenuOpen) {\n    return <MobileWrapper {...props} />\n  }\n  return <div>{props.children}</div>\n}\n\nconst Sidebar = (props) => {\n  let edges =\n    props.data?.allMarkdownRemark?.edges.map((o) => o.node?.frontmatter) || []\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === \"production\") {\n    edges = edges.filter((o) => !o.hidden)\n  }\n\n  edges = edges\n    .filter((o) => !o.hide_in_sidebar)\n    .sort((a, b) =>\n      a.title.localeCompare(b.title, undefined, {\n        numeric: true,\n        sensitivity: \"base\",\n      }),\n    )\n\n  let coursePartEdges = edges.filter(\n    (o) => !o.information_page && !o.course_info_page && !o.upcoming,\n  )\n\n  let informationPageEdges = edges\n    .filter((o) => o.information_page || o.course_info_page)\n    .sort((a, b) => b.sidebar_priority - a.sidebar_priority)\n\n  let upcomingPageEdges = edges\n    .filter((o) => o.upcoming)\n    .map((o) => ({\n      title: o.title,\n      tba: o.upcoming,\n      path: o.path,\n      separator_after: o.separator_after,\n    }))\n\n  let content = informationPageEdges\n    .concat(coursePartEdges)\n    .concat(upcomingPageEdges)\n\n  let separatorEdges = []\n  content.forEach((edge) => {\n    if (edge.separator_after) {\n      separatorEdges.push(edge)\n    }\n  })\n\n  separatorEdges.forEach((edge) => {\n    let middlepoint = content.findIndex((o) => o.title === edge.title)\n    content.splice(middlepoint + 1, 0, {\n      separator: true,\n      title: edge.separator_after,\n    })\n  })\n\n  return (\n    <MobileWrapperOrFragment mobileMenuOpen={props.mobileMenuOpen}>\n      <MenuExpanderWrapper>\n        <Button\n          variant=\"outlined\"\n          color=\"primary\"\n          onClick={props.toggleMobileMenu}\n        >\n          {props.mobileMenuOpen ? (\n            <span>\n              <StyledIcon icon={faTimes} />\n              Sulje valikko\n            </span>\n          ) : (\n            <span>\n              <StyledIcon icon={faBars} />\n              Avaa valikko\n            </span>\n          )}\n        </Button>\n      </MenuExpanderWrapper>\n      <SidebarContainer mobileMenuOpen={props.mobileMenuOpen}>\n        <Brand>{CourseSettings.name}</Brand>\n        <TreeViewContainer>\n          <TreeView data={content} />\n        </TreeViewContainer>\n        <LogoContainer>\n          <Logo />\n        </LogoContainer>\n      </SidebarContainer>\n    </MobileWrapperOrFragment>\n  )\n}\n\nconst query = graphql`\n  query {\n    allMarkdownRemark(\n      filter: { fileAbsolutePath: { regex: \"/index.md|data/[^/]+/*.md/\" } }\n      sort: { fields: [frontmatter___path] }\n    ) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          id\n          frontmatter {\n            title\n            information_page\n            course_info_page\n            path\n            hidden\n            separator_after\n            upcoming\n            hide_in_sidebar\n            sidebar_priority\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst SidebarWithData = (props) => (\n  <StaticQuery\n    query={query}\n    render={(data) => <Sidebar data={data} {...props} />}\n  />\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(SidebarWithData)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst ContentAreaContainer = styled.main`\n  padding: 0 0.5rem;\n  background-color: #fcfcfc;\n  margin-bottom: 5rem;\n  min-height: 80vh;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n  display: none;\n  `}\n`\n\nclass ContentArea extends React.Component {\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <ContentAreaContainer\n        mobileMenuOpen={this.props.mobileMenuOpen}\n        className=\"content-area\"\n      >\n        {this.props.children}\n      </ContentAreaContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(ContentArea)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport LoginControls from \"./LoginControls\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport LoginStateContext, {\n  withLoginStateContext,\n} from \"../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faChartLine as pointsIcon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nconst TopBarContainer = styled.div`\n  height: 4rem;\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: flex-end;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: 1200px) {\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  margin-right: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass TopBar extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <TopBarContainer>\n        {CourseSettings.useNewPointsVisualization && this.context.loggedIn && (\n          <Button to=\"/progress\">\n            <StyledIcon icon={pointsIcon} />\n            Pisteet\n          </Button>\n        )}\n        <LoginControls />\n      </TopBarContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(withLoginStateContext(TopBar))\n","export default __webpack_public_path__ + \"static/banner-84ef18e01729a6202c2c9b3c8ef46a38.svg\";","export default __webpack_public_path__ + \"static/moocfi-logo-bw-40fb2db8a1b68fff676338919b31ae7c.png\";","import React, { useContext } from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport BackgroundImage from \"../images/banner.svg\"\nimport { Card, CardContent } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport { Link } from \"gatsby\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nimport UHLogo from \"../images/uh-logo.png\"\nimport MoocfiLogo from \"../images/moocfi-logo-bw.png\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport {\n  faTwitter,\n  faFacebook,\n  faYoutube,\n  faGithub,\n} from \"@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport PagesContext from \"../contexes/PagesContext\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  color: black;\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\n  margin: 1rem;\n`\n\nconst SocialContainer = styled.div``\n\nconst ContentContainer = styled.div`\n  padding: 1rem 0;\n`\n\nconst GithubContainer = styled.div`\n  padding-top: 1rem;\n  a {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n`\n\nconst ButtonContainer = styled.div`\n  padding: 1rem 0;\n`\n\nconst FooterWrapper = styled.footer`\n  height: 35rem;\n  position: relative;\n  a {\n    color: #006fe6;\n  }\n`\n\nconst FooterBackground = styled.div`\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  right: 0;\n  bottom: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n  background-image: url(${BackgroundImage});\n  filter: invert(1) grayscale(1) brightness(1.5) opacity(0.5);\n  z-index: -50000;\n`\n\nconst FooterContent = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n`\n\nconst StyledCard = styled(Card)`\n  width: 90%;\n  max-width: 800px;\n`\n\nconst StyledCardContent = styled(CardContent)`\n  flex-direction: column;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n`\n\nconst BrandsContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  img {\n    height: 6rem;\n    width: auto;\n    margin: 1rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst Footer = ({ t }) => {\n  const pagesContextValue = useContext(PagesContext)\n  const filePath = pagesContextValue?.current?.filePath\n\n  return (\n    <FooterWrapper>\n      <FooterBackground />\n      <FooterContent>\n        <StyledCard>\n          <StyledCardContent>\n            <GithubContainer>\n              <a\n                href={CourseSettings.githubUrl}\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faGithub} size=\"3x\" title={t(\"footer-src\")} />\n                <div>{t(\"footer-src\")}</div>\n              </a>\n            </GithubContainer>\n            <ButtonContainer>\n              <Button to=\"/report-issue\">{t(\"footer-report-issue\")}</Button>\n              {filePath && (\n                <Button to={`/edit-page?path=${filePath}`}>\n                  {t(\"footer-edit-page\")}\n                </Button>\n              )}\n            </ButtonContainer>\n            <ContentContainer>\n              {t(\"makers\")}{\" \"}\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/data-driven-education\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                {t(\"rage\")}\n              </a>\n              .\n            </ContentContainer>\n\n            <ContentContainer>\n              <Link to=\"/credits\">{t(\"credits\")}</Link>.\n            </ContentContainer>\n            <SocialContainer>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://twitter.com/moocfi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"twitter-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faTwitter} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Moocfi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"facebook-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faFacebook} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkHoQ5p9skFdyjrV3_tnUrA\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"facebook-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faYoutube} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n            </SocialContainer>\n            <BrandsContainer>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://helsinki.fi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <img alt=\"Helsingin yliopisto\" src={UHLogo} />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://mooc.fi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <img alt=\"MOOC.fi\" src={MoocfiLogo} />\n              </a>\n            </BrandsContainer>\n          </StyledCardContent>\n        </StyledCard>\n      </FooterContent>\n    </FooterWrapper>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"common\")(withSimpleErrorBoundary(Footer))\n","export default 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\"","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: _extends({}, theme.typography.button, {\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      minHeight: 36,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow', 'border'], {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.short\n      }),\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      padding: 0,\n      minWidth: 0,\n      width: 56,\n      height: 56,\n      boxShadow: theme.shadows[6],\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[12]\n      },\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(theme.palette.grey[300]),\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300],\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey.A100,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300]\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n        },\n        textDecoration: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[6]\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[0],\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n      }\n    }),\n    /* Styles applied to the span element that wraps the children. */\n    label: {\n      width: '100%',\n      // assure the correct width for iOS Safari\n      display: 'inherit',\n      alignItems: 'inherit',\n      justifyContent: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    primary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    secondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"extended\"`. */\n    extended: {\n      borderRadius: 48 / 2,\n      padding: '0 16px',\n      width: 'auto',\n      minHeight: 'auto',\n      minWidth: 48,\n      height: 48,\n      '&$sizeSmall': {\n        width: 'auto',\n        padding: '0 8px',\n        borderRadius: 34 / 2,\n        minWidth: 34,\n        height: 34\n      },\n      '&$sizeMedium': {\n        width: 'auto',\n        padding: '0 16px',\n        borderRadius: 40 / 2,\n        minWidth: 40,\n        height: 40\n      }\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the ButtonBase root element if the button is keyboard focused. */\n    focusVisible: {},\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"inherit\"`. */\n    colorInherit: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"``. */\n    sizeSmall: {\n      width: 40,\n      height: 40\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"medium\"``. */\n    sizeMedium: {\n      width: 48,\n      height: 48\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Fab = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Fab(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableFocusRi = props.disableFocusRipple,\n    disableFocusRipple = _props$disableFocusRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableFocusRi,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'large' : _props$size,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'circular' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableFocusRipple\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"size\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ButtonBase, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, size !== 'large' && classes[\"size\".concat(capitalize(size))], disabled && classes.disabled, variant === 'extended' && classes.extended, {\n      'primary': classes.primary,\n      'secondary': classes.secondary,\n      'inherit': classes.colorInherit\n    }[color]),\n    component: component,\n    disabled: disabled,\n    focusRipple: !disableFocusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName: clsx(classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: classes.label\n  }, children));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiFab'\n})(Fab);","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport Fab from \"@material-ui/core/Fab\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faChartLine as icon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  color: white;\n  font-size: 1.5em !important;\n`\n\nconst StyledFab = styled(Fab)`\n  background-color: #00a5ff !important;\n`\n\nconst PointsBalloonBalloon = ({ onClick }) => (\n  <StyledFab onClick={onClick}>\n    <StyledIcon icon={icon} />\n  </StyledFab>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloonBalloon)\n","export function flatten(arr) {\n  return arr.reduce(function (flat, toFlatten) {\n    return flat.concat(\n      Array.isArray(toFlatten) ? flatten(toFlatten) : toFlatten,\n    )\n  }, [])\n}\n\nexport function zip(arr, ...arrs) {\n  return arr.map((val, i) => arrs.reduce((a, arr) => [...a, arr[i]], [val]))\n}\n\nexport function getCommonElements(array1, array2) {\n  return array1.filter((value) => -1 !== array2.indexOf(value))\n}\n","import { fetchProgrammingProgress } from \"./moocfi\"\nimport { zip } from \"../util/arrays\"\nimport { fetchQuizzesProgress } from \"./quizzes\"\n\n//eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst introductionCourseGroups = [\n  \"osa01\",\n  \"osa02\",\n  \"osa03\",\n  \"osa04\",\n  \"osa05\",\n  \"osa06\",\n  \"osa07\",\n]\n\nexport async function fetchProgress(t) {\n  // await fetchQuizzesProgress()\n  const serviceIdentifiers = [t(\"programmingService\"), t(\"quizService\")]\n  const progressesCollection = await Promise.all([\n    fetchProgrammingProgress(),\n    fetchQuizzesProgress(),\n  ])\n  // const userDetails = await getCachedUserDetails()\n  // const currentCourseVariant = userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant\n  const progressByGroup = {}\n\n  zip(serviceIdentifiers, progressesCollection).forEach(\n    ([identifier, progresses]) => {\n      console.log(JSON.stringify(progresses))\n      progresses.forEach((progressEntry) => {\n        if (!progressByGroup[progressEntry.group]) {\n          progressByGroup[progressEntry.group] = {}\n        }\n        progressByGroup[progressEntry.group][identifier] = progressEntry\n      })\n    },\n  )\n  const toBeDeleted = []\n  Object.entries(progressByGroup).forEach(([group, serviceEntries]) => {\n    if (\n      !Object.keys(serviceEntries).find((o) => o === t(\"programmingService\"))\n    ) {\n      toBeDeleted.push(group)\n    }\n  })\n  // TODO: this is not a good way to do this\n  toBeDeleted.forEach((o) => {\n    delete progressByGroup[o]\n  })\n  return progressByGroup\n}\n","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport { isValidElement } from 'react';\nvar SVGContainerPropKeys = ['viewBox', 'children'];\nvar SVGElementPropKeys = ['aria-activedescendant', 'aria-atomic', 'aria-autocomplete', 'aria-busy', 'aria-checked', 'aria-colcount', 'aria-colindex', 'aria-colspan', 'aria-controls', 'aria-current', 'aria-describedby', 'aria-details', 'aria-disabled', 'aria-errormessage', 'aria-expanded', 'aria-flowto', 'aria-haspopup', 'aria-hidden', 'aria-invalid', 'aria-keyshortcuts', 'aria-label', 'aria-labelledby', 'aria-level', 'aria-live', 'aria-modal', 'aria-multiline', 'aria-multiselectable', 'aria-orientation', 'aria-owns', 'aria-placeholder', 'aria-posinset', 'aria-pressed', 'aria-readonly', 'aria-relevant', 'aria-required', 'aria-roledescription', 'aria-rowcount', 'aria-rowindex', 'aria-rowspan', 'aria-selected', 'aria-setsize', 'aria-sort', 'aria-valuemax', 'aria-valuemin', 'aria-valuenow', 'aria-valuetext', 'className', 'color', 'height', 'id', 'lang', 'max', 'media', 'method', 'min', 'name', 'style', 'target', 'type', 'width', 'role', 'tabIndex', 'accentHeight', 'accumulate', 'additive', 'alignmentBaseline', 'allowReorder', 'alphabetic', 'amplitude', 'arabicForm', 'ascent', 'attributeName', 'attributeType', 'autoReverse', 'azimuth', 'baseFrequency', 'baselineShift', 'baseProfile', 'bbox', 'begin', 'bias', 'by', 'calcMode', 'capHeight', 'clip', 'clipPath', 'clipPathUnits', 'clipRule', 'colorInterpolation', 'colorInterpolationFilters', 'colorProfile', 'colorRendering', 'contentScriptType', 'contentStyleType', 'cursor', 'cx', 'cy', 'd', 'decelerate', 'descent', 'diffuseConstant', 'direction', 'display', 'divisor', 'dominantBaseline', 'dur', 'dx', 'dy', 'edgeMode', 'elevation', 'enableBackground', 'end', 'exponent', 'externalResourcesRequired', 'fill', 'fillOpacity', 'fillRule', 'filter', 'filterRes', 'filterUnits', 'floodColor', 'floodOpacity', 'focusable', 'fontFamily', 'fontSize', 'fontSizeAdjust', 'fontStretch', 'fontStyle', 'fontVariant', 'fontWeight', 'format', 'from', 'fx', 'fy', 'g1', 'g2', 'glyphName', 'glyphOrientationHorizontal', 'glyphOrientationVertical', 'glyphRef', 'gradientTransform', 'gradientUnits', 'hanging', 'horizAdvX', 'horizOriginX', 'href', 'ideographic', 'imageRendering', 'in2', 'in', 'intercept', 'k1', 'k2', 'k3', 'k4', 'k', 'kernelMatrix', 'kernelUnitLength', 'kerning', 'keyPoints', 'keySplines', 'keyTimes', 'lengthAdjust', 'letterSpacing', 'lightingColor', 'limitingConeAngle', 'local', 'markerEnd', 'markerHeight', 'markerMid', 'markerStart', 'markerUnits', 'markerWidth', 'mask', 'maskContentUnits', 'maskUnits', 'mathematical', 'mode', 'numOctaves', 'offset', 'opacity', 'operator', 'order', 'orient', 'orientation', 'origin', 'overflow', 'overlinePosition', 'overlineThickness', 'paintOrder', 'panose1', 'pathLength', 'patternContentUnits', 'patternTransform', 'patternUnits', 'pointerEvents', 'points', 'pointsAtX', 'pointsAtY', 'pointsAtZ', 'preserveAlpha', 'preserveAspectRatio', 'primitiveUnits', 'r', 'radius', 'refX', 'refY', 'renderingIntent', 'repeatCount', 'repeatDur', 'requiredExtensions', 'requiredFeatures', 'restart', 'result', 'rotate', 'rx', 'ry', 'seed', 'shapeRendering', 'slope', 'spacing', 'specularConstant', 'specularExponent', 'speed', 'spreadMethod', 'startOffset', 'stdDeviation', 'stemh', 'stemv', 'stitchTiles', 'stopColor', 'stopOpacity', 'strikethroughPosition', 'strikethroughThickness', 'string', 'stroke', 'strokeDasharray', 'strokeDashoffset', 'strokeLinecap', 'strokeLinejoin', 'strokeMiterlimit', 'strokeOpacity', 'strokeWidth', 'surfaceScale', 'systemLanguage', 'tableValues', 'targetX', 'targetY', 'textAnchor', 'textDecoration', 'textLength', 'textRendering', 'to', 'transform', 'u1', 'u2', 'underlinePosition', 'underlineThickness', 'unicode', 'unicodeBidi', 'unicodeRange', 'unitsPerEm', 'vAlphabetic', 'values', 'vectorEffect', 'version', 'vertAdvY', 'vertOriginX', 'vertOriginY', 'vHanging', 'vIdeographic', 'viewTarget', 'visibility', 'vMathematical', 'widths', 'wordSpacing', 'writingMode', 'x1', 'x2', 'x', 'xChannelSelector', 'xHeight', 'xlinkActuate', 'xlinkArcrole', 'xlinkHref', 'xlinkRole', 'xlinkShow', 'xlinkTitle', 'xlinkType', 'xmlBase', 'xmlLang', 'xmlns', 'xmlnsXlink', 'xmlSpace', 'y1', 'y2', 'y', 'yChannelSelector', 'z', 'zoomAndPan', 'ref', 'key', 'angle'];\nvar EventKeys = ['dangerouslySetInnerHTML', 'onCopy', 'onCopyCapture', 'onCut', 'onCutCapture', 'onPaste', 'onPasteCapture', 'onCompositionEnd', 'onCompositionEndCapture', 'onCompositionStart', 'onCompositionStartCapture', 'onCompositionUpdate', 'onCompositionUpdateCapture', 'onFocus', 'onFocusCapture', 'onBlur', 'onBlurCapture', 'onChange', 'onChangeCapture', 'onBeforeInput', 'onBeforeInputCapture', 'onInput', 'onInputCapture', 'onReset', 'onResetCapture', 'onSubmit', 'onSubmitCapture', 'onInvalid', 'onInvalidCapture', 'onLoad', 'onLoadCapture', 'onError', 'onErrorCapture', 'onKeyDown', 'onKeyDownCapture', 'onKeyPress', 'onKeyPressCapture', 'onKeyUp', 'onKeyUpCapture', 'onAbort', 'onAbortCapture', 'onCanPlay', 'onCanPlayCapture', 'onCanPlayThrough', 'onCanPlayThroughCapture', 'onDurationChange', 'onDurationChangeCapture', 'onEmptied', 'onEmptiedCapture', 'onEncrypted', 'onEncryptedCapture', 'onEnded', 'onEndedCapture', 'onLoadedData', 'onLoadedDataCapture', 'onLoadedMetadata', 'onLoadedMetadataCapture', 'onLoadStart', 'onLoadStartCapture', 'onPause', 'onPauseCapture', 'onPlay', 'onPlayCapture', 'onPlaying', 'onPlayingCapture', 'onProgress', 'onProgressCapture', 'onRateChange', 'onRateChangeCapture', 'onSeeked', 'onSeekedCapture', 'onSeeking', 'onSeekingCapture', 'onStalled', 'onStalledCapture', 'onSuspend', 'onSuspendCapture', 'onTimeUpdate', 'onTimeUpdateCapture', 'onVolumeChange', 'onVolumeChangeCapture', 'onWaiting', 'onWaitingCapture', 'onAuxClick', 'onAuxClickCapture', 'onClick', 'onClickCapture', 'onContextMenu', 'onContextMenuCapture', 'onDoubleClick', 'onDoubleClickCapture', 'onDrag', 'onDragCapture', 'onDragEnd', 'onDragEndCapture', 'onDragEnter', 'onDragEnterCapture', 'onDragExit', 'onDragExitCapture', 'onDragLeave', 'onDragLeaveCapture', 'onDragOver', 'onDragOverCapture', 'onDragStart', 'onDragStartCapture', 'onDrop', 'onDropCapture', 'onMouseDown', 'onMouseDownCapture', 'onMouseEnter', 'onMouseLeave', 'onMouseMove', 'onMouseMoveCapture', 'onMouseOut', 'onMouseOutCapture', 'onMouseOver', 'onMouseOverCapture', 'onMouseUp', 'onMouseUpCapture', 'onSelect', 'onSelectCapture', 'onTouchCancel', 'onTouchCancelCapture', 'onTouchEnd', 'onTouchEndCapture', 'onTouchMove', 'onTouchMoveCapture', 'onTouchStart', 'onTouchStartCapture', 'onPointerDown', 'onPointerDownCapture', 'onPointerMove', 'onPointerMoveCapture', 'onPointerUp', 'onPointerUpCapture', 'onPointerCancel', 'onPointerCancelCapture', 'onPointerEnter', 'onPointerEnterCapture', 'onPointerLeave', 'onPointerLeaveCapture', 'onPointerOver', 'onPointerOverCapture', 'onPointerOut', 'onPointerOutCapture', 'onGotPointerCapture', 'onGotPointerCaptureCapture', 'onLostPointerCapture', 'onLostPointerCaptureCapture', 'onScroll', 'onScrollCapture', 'onWheel', 'onWheelCapture', 'onAnimationStart', 'onAnimationStartCapture', 'onAnimationEnd', 'onAnimationEndCapture', 'onAnimationIteration', 'onAnimationIterationCapture', 'onTransitionEnd', 'onTransitionEndCapture']; // Animation Types => TODO: Should be moved when react-smooth is typescriptified.\n\nexport var filterProps = function filterProps(props, includeEvents, isSvg) {\n  if (!props || typeof props === 'function' || typeof props === 'boolean') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var inputProps = props;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(props)) {\n    inputProps = props.props;\n  }\n  if (!_isObject(inputProps)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = {};\n  Object.keys(inputProps).forEach(function (key) {\n    // viewBox only exist in <svg />\n    if (SVGElementPropKeys.includes(key) || isSvg && SVGContainerPropKeys.includes(key) || includeEvents && EventKeys.includes(key)) {\n      out[key] = inputProps[key];\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};\nexport var adaptEventHandlers = function adaptEventHandlers(props, newHandler) {\n  if (!props || typeof props === 'function' || typeof props === 'boolean') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var inputProps = props;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(props)) {\n    inputProps = props.props;\n  }\n  if (!_isObject(inputProps)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = {};\n  Object.keys(inputProps).forEach(function (key) {\n    if (EventKeys.includes(key)) {\n      out[key] = newHandler || function (e) {\n        return inputProps[key](inputProps, e);\n      };\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};\nvar getEventHandlerOfChild = function getEventHandlerOfChild(originalHandler, data, index) {\n  return function (e) {\n    originalHandler(data, index, e);\n    return null;\n  };\n};\nexport var adaptEventsOfChild = function adaptEventsOfChild(props, data, index) {\n  if (!_isObject(props) || _typeof(props) !== 'object') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = null;\n  Object.keys(props).forEach(function (key) {\n    var item = props[key];\n    if (EventKeys.includes(key) && typeof item === 'function') {\n      if (!out) out = {};\n      out[key] = getEventHandlerOfChild(item, data, index);\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Surface\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport function Surface(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    className = props.className,\n    style = props.style,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"width\", \"height\", \"viewBox\", \"className\", \"style\"]);\n  var svgView = viewBox || {\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0\n  };\n  var layerClass = classNames('recharts-surface', className);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"svg\", _extends({}, filterProps(others, true, true), {\n    className: layerClass,\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    style: style,\n    viewBox: \"\".concat(svgView.x, \" \").concat(svgView.y, \" \").concat(svgView.width, \" \").concat(svgView.height),\n    version: \"1.1\"\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"title\", null, props.title), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"desc\", null, props.desc), children);\n}","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Layer\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Layer = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function (props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    className = props.className,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"className\"]);\n  var layerClass = classNames('recharts-layer', className);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"g\", _extends({\n    className: layerClass\n  }, filterProps(others, true), {\n    ref: ref\n  }), children);\n});","export default function setRafTimeout(callback) {\n  var timeout = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  var currTime = -1;\n  var shouldUpdate = function shouldUpdate(now) {\n    if (currTime < 0) {\n      currTime = now;\n    }\n    if (now - currTime > timeout) {\n      callback(now);\n      currTime = -1;\n    } else {\n      requestAnimationFrame(shouldUpdate);\n    }\n  };\n  requestAnimationFrame(shouldUpdate);\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _toArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport setRafTimeout from './setRafTimeout';\nexport default function createAnimateManager() {\n  var currStyle = {};\n  var handleChange = function handleChange() {\n    return null;\n  };\n  var shouldStop = false;\n  var setStyle = function setStyle(_style) {\n    if (shouldStop) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (Array.isArray(_style)) {\n      if (!_style.length) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var styles = _style;\n      var _styles = _toArray(styles),\n        curr = _styles[0],\n        restStyles = _styles.slice(1);\n      if (typeof curr === 'number') {\n        setRafTimeout(setStyle.bind(null, restStyles), curr);\n        return;\n      }\n      setStyle(curr);\n      setRafTimeout(setStyle.bind(null, restStyles));\n      return;\n    }\n    if (_typeof(_style) === 'object') {\n      currStyle = _style;\n      handleChange(currStyle);\n    }\n    if (typeof _style === 'function') {\n      _style();\n    }\n  };\n  return {\n    stop: function stop() {\n      shouldStop = true;\n    },\n    start: function start(style) {\n      shouldStop = false;\n      setStyle(style);\n    },\n    subscribe: function subscribe(_handleChange) {\n      handleChange = _handleChange;\n      return function () {\n        handleChange = function handleChange() {\n          return null;\n        };\n      };\n    }\n  };\n}","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/* eslint no-console: 0 */\nvar PREFIX_LIST = ['Webkit', 'Moz', 'O', 'ms'];\nvar IN_LINE_PREFIX_LIST = ['-webkit-', '-moz-', '-o-', '-ms-'];\nvar IN_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY = ['transform', 'transformOrigin', 'transition'];\nexport var getIntersectionKeys = function getIntersectionKeys(preObj, nextObj) {\n  return [Object.keys(preObj), Object.keys(nextObj)].reduce(function (a, b) {\n    return a.filter(function (c) {\n      return b.includes(c);\n    });\n  });\n};\nexport var identity = function identity(param) {\n  return param;\n};\n/*\n * @description: convert camel case to dash case\n * string => string\n */\n\nexport var getDashCase = function getDashCase(name) {\n  return name.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function (v) {\n    return \"-\".concat(v.toLowerCase());\n  });\n};\n/*\n * @description: add compatible style prefix\n * (string, string) => object\n */\n\nexport var generatePrefixStyle = function generatePrefixStyle(name, value) {\n  if (IN_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY.indexOf(name) === -1) {\n    return _defineProperty({}, name, value);\n  }\n  var isTransition = name === 'transition';\n  var camelName = name.replace(/(\\w)/, function (v) {\n    return v.toUpperCase();\n  });\n  var styleVal = value;\n  return PREFIX_LIST.reduce(function (result, property, i) {\n    if (isTransition) {\n      styleVal = value.replace(/(transform|transform-origin)/gim, \"\".concat(IN_LINE_PREFIX_LIST[i], \"$1\"));\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, property + camelName, styleVal));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var log = function log() {\n  var _console;\n  (_console = console).log.apply(_console, arguments);\n};\n/*\n * @description: log the value of a varible\n * string => any => any\n */\n\nexport var debug = function debug(name) {\n  return function (item) {\n    log(name, item);\n    return item;\n  };\n};\n/*\n * @description: log name, args, return value of a function\n * function => function\n */\n\nexport var debugf = function debugf(tag, f) {\n  return function () {\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    var res = f.apply(void 0, args);\n    var name = tag || f.name || 'anonymous function';\n    var argNames = \"(\".concat(args.map(JSON.stringify).join(', '), \")\");\n    log(\"\".concat(name, \": \").concat(argNames, \" => \").concat(JSON.stringify(res)));\n    return res;\n  };\n};\n/*\n * @description: map object on every element in this object.\n * (function, object) => object\n */\n\nexport var mapObject = function mapObject(fn, obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, fn(key, obj[key])));\n  }, {});\n};\n/*\n * @description: add compatible prefix to style\n * object => object\n */\n\nexport var translateStyle = function translateStyle(style) {\n  return Object.keys(style).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), generatePrefixStyle(key, res[key]));\n  }, style);\n};\nexport var compose = function compose() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  if (!args.length) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  var fns = args.reverse(); // first function can receive multiply arguments\n\n  var firstFn = fns[0];\n  var tailsFn = fns.slice(1);\n  return function () {\n    return tailsFn.reduce(function (res, fn) {\n      return fn(res);\n    }, firstFn.apply(void 0, arguments));\n  };\n};\nexport var getTransitionVal = function getTransitionVal(props, duration, easing) {\n  return props.map(function (prop) {\n    return \"\".concat(getDashCase(prop), \" \").concat(duration, \"ms \").concat(easing);\n  }).join(',');\n};\nvar isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\nexport var warn = function warn(condition, format, a, b, c, d, e, f) {\n  if (isDev && typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn) {\n    if (format === undefined) {\n      console.warn('LogUtils requires an error message argument');\n    }\n    if (!condition) {\n      if (format === undefined) {\n        console.warn('Minified exception occurred; use the non-minified dev environment ' + 'for the full error message and additional helpful warnings.');\n      } else {\n        var args = [a, b, c, d, e, f];\n        var argIndex = 0;\n        console.warn(format.replace(/%s/g, function () {\n          return args[argIndex++];\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","function _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nimport { warn } from './util';\nvar ACCURACY = 1e-4;\nvar cubicBezierFactor = function cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2) {\n  return [0, 3 * c1, 3 * c2 - 6 * c1, 3 * c1 - 3 * c2 + 1];\n};\nvar multyTime = function multyTime(params, t) {\n  return params.map(function (param, i) {\n    return param * Math.pow(t, i);\n  }).reduce(function (pre, curr) {\n    return pre + curr;\n  });\n};\nvar cubicBezier = function cubicBezier(c1, c2) {\n  return function (t) {\n    var params = cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2);\n    return multyTime(params, t);\n  };\n};\nvar derivativeCubicBezier = function derivativeCubicBezier(c1, c2) {\n  return function (t) {\n    var params = cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2);\n    var newParams = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(params.map(function (param, i) {\n      return param * i;\n    }).slice(1)), [0]);\n    return multyTime(newParams, t);\n  };\n}; // calculate cubic-bezier using Newton's method\n\nexport var configBezier = function configBezier() {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  var x1 = args[0],\n    y1 = args[1],\n    x2 = args[2],\n    y2 = args[3];\n  if (args.length === 1) {\n    switch (args[0]) {\n      case 'linear':\n        x1 = 0.0;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 1.0;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease':\n        x1 = 0.25;\n        y1 = 0.1;\n        x2 = 0.25;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-in':\n        x1 = 0.42;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 1.0;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-out':\n        x1 = 0.42;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 0.58;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-in-out':\n        x1 = 0.0;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 0.58;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      default:\n        {\n          var easing = args[0].split('(');\n          if (easing[0] === 'cubic-bezier' && easing[1].split(')')[0].split(',').length === 4) {\n            var _easing$1$split$0$spl = easing[1].split(')')[0].split(',').map(function (x) {\n              return parseFloat(x);\n            });\n            var _easing$1$split$0$spl2 = _slicedToArray(_easing$1$split$0$spl, 4);\n            x1 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[0];\n            y1 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[1];\n            x2 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[2];\n            y2 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[3];\n          } else {\n            warn(false, '[configBezier]: arguments should be one of ' + 'oneOf \\'linear\\', \\'ease\\', \\'ease-in\\', \\'ease-out\\', ' + '\\'ease-in-out\\',\\'cubic-bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2)\\', instead received %s', args);\n          }\n        }\n    }\n  }\n  warn([x1, x2, y1, y2].every(function (num) {\n    return typeof num === 'number' && num >= 0 && num <= 1;\n  }), '[configBezier]: arguments should be x1, y1, x2, y2 of [0, 1] instead received %s', args);\n  var curveX = cubicBezier(x1, x2);\n  var curveY = cubicBezier(y1, y2);\n  var derCurveX = derivativeCubicBezier(x1, x2);\n  var rangeValue = function rangeValue(value) {\n    if (value > 1) {\n      return 1;\n    } else if (value < 0) {\n      return 0;\n    }\n    return value;\n  };\n  var bezier = function bezier(_t) {\n    var t = _t > 1 ? 1 : _t;\n    var x = t;\n    for (var i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {\n      var evalT = curveX(x) - t;\n      var derVal = derCurveX(x);\n      if (Math.abs(evalT - t) < ACCURACY || derVal < ACCURACY) {\n        return curveY(x);\n      }\n      x = rangeValue(x - evalT / derVal);\n    }\n    return curveY(x);\n  };\n  bezier.isStepper = false;\n  return bezier;\n};\nexport var configSpring = function configSpring() {\n  var config = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var _config$stiff = config.stiff,\n    stiff = _config$stiff === void 0 ? 100 : _config$stiff,\n    _config$damping = config.damping,\n    damping = _config$damping === void 0 ? 8 : _config$damping,\n    _config$dt = config.dt,\n    dt = _config$dt === void 0 ? 17 : _config$dt;\n  var stepper = function stepper(currX, destX, currV) {\n    var FSpring = -(currX - destX) * stiff;\n    var FDamping = currV * damping;\n    var newV = currV + (FSpring - FDamping) * dt / 1000;\n    var newX = currV * dt / 1000 + currX;\n    if (Math.abs(newX - destX) < ACCURACY && Math.abs(newV) < ACCURACY) {\n      return [destX, 0];\n    }\n    return [newX, newV];\n  };\n  stepper.isStepper = true;\n  stepper.dt = dt;\n  return stepper;\n};\nexport var configEasing = function configEasing() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  var easing = args[0];\n  if (typeof easing === 'string') {\n    switch (easing) {\n      case 'ease':\n      case 'ease-in-out':\n      case 'ease-out':\n      case 'ease-in':\n      case 'linear':\n        return configBezier(easing);\n      case 'spring':\n        return configSpring();\n      default:\n        if (easing.split('(')[0] === 'cubic-bezier') {\n          return configBezier(easing);\n        }\n        warn(false, '[configEasing]: first argument should be one of \\'ease\\', \\'ease-in\\', ' + '\\'ease-out\\', \\'ease-in-out\\',\\'cubic-bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2)\\', \\'linear\\' and \\'spring\\', instead  received %s', args);\n    }\n  }\n  if (typeof easing === 'function') {\n    return easing;\n  }\n  warn(false, '[configEasing]: first argument type should be function or ' + 'string, instead received %s', args);\n  return null;\n};","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport { getIntersectionKeys, mapObject } from './util';\nvar alpha = function alpha(begin, end, k) {\n  return begin + (end - begin) * k;\n};\nvar needContinue = function needContinue(_ref) {\n  var from = _ref.from,\n    to = _ref.to;\n  return from !== to;\n};\n/*\n * @description: cal new from value and velocity in each stepper\n * @return: { [styleProperty]: { from, to, velocity } }\n */\n\nvar calStepperVals = function calStepperVals(easing, preVals, steps) {\n  var nextStepVals = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n    if (needContinue(val)) {\n      var _easing = easing(val.from, val.to, val.velocity),\n        _easing2 = _slicedToArray(_easing, 2),\n        newX = _easing2[0],\n        newV = _easing2[1];\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, val), {}, {\n        from: newX,\n        velocity: newV\n      });\n    }\n    return val;\n  }, preVals);\n  if (steps < 1) {\n    return mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      if (needContinue(val)) {\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, val), {}, {\n          velocity: alpha(val.velocity, nextStepVals[key].velocity, steps),\n          from: alpha(val.from, nextStepVals[key].from, steps)\n        });\n      }\n      return val;\n    }, preVals);\n  }\n  return calStepperVals(easing, nextStepVals, steps - 1);\n}; // configure update function\n\nexport default (function (from, to, easing, duration, render) {\n  var interKeys = getIntersectionKeys(from, to);\n  var timingStyle = interKeys.reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, [from[key], to[key]]));\n  }, {});\n  var stepperStyle = interKeys.reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, {\n      from: from[key],\n      velocity: 0,\n      to: to[key]\n    }));\n  }, {});\n  var cafId = -1;\n  var preTime;\n  var beginTime;\n  var update = function update() {\n    return null;\n  };\n  var getCurrStyle = function getCurrStyle() {\n    return mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      return val.from;\n    }, stepperStyle);\n  };\n  var shouldStopAnimation = function shouldStopAnimation() {\n    return !Object.values(stepperStyle).filter(needContinue).length;\n  }; // stepper timing function like spring\n\n  var stepperUpdate = function stepperUpdate(now) {\n    if (!preTime) {\n      preTime = now;\n    }\n    var deltaTime = now - preTime;\n    var steps = deltaTime / easing.dt;\n    stepperStyle = calStepperVals(easing, stepperStyle, steps); // get union set and add compatible prefix\n\n    render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), getCurrStyle(stepperStyle)));\n    preTime = now;\n    if (!shouldStopAnimation()) {\n      cafId = requestAnimationFrame(update);\n    }\n  }; // t => val timing function like cubic-bezier\n\n  var timingUpdate = function timingUpdate(now) {\n    if (!beginTime) {\n      beginTime = now;\n    }\n    var t = (now - beginTime) / duration;\n    var currStyle = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      return alpha.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(val).concat([easing(t)]));\n    }, timingStyle); // get union set and add compatible prefix\n\n    render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), currStyle));\n    if (t < 1) {\n      cafId = requestAnimationFrame(update);\n    } else {\n      var finalStyle = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n        return alpha.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(val).concat([easing(1)]));\n      }, timingStyle);\n      render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), finalStyle));\n    }\n  };\n  update = easing.isStepper ? stepperUpdate : timingUpdate; // return start animation method\n\n  return function () {\n    requestAnimationFrame(update); // return stop animation method\n\n    return function () {\n      cancelAnimationFrame(cafId);\n    };\n  };\n});","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { PureComponent, cloneElement, Children } from 'react';\nimport { deepEqual } from 'fast-equals';\nimport createAnimateManager from './AnimateManager';\nimport { configEasing } from './easing';\nimport configUpdate from './configUpdate';\nimport { getTransitionVal, identity, translateStyle } from './util';\nvar Animate = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Animate, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Animate);\n  function Animate(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Animate);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props, context);\n    var _this$props = _this.props,\n      isActive = _this$props.isActive,\n      attributeName = _this$props.attributeName,\n      from = _this$props.from,\n      to = _this$props.to,\n      steps = _this$props.steps,\n      children = _this$props.children;\n    _this.handleStyleChange = _this.handleStyleChange.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    _this.changeStyle = _this.changeStyle.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    if (!isActive) {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: {}\n      }; // if children is a function and animation is not active, set style to 'to'\n\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        _this.state = {\n          style: to\n        };\n      }\n      return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this);\n    }\n    if (steps && steps.length) {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: steps[0].style\n      };\n    } else if (from) {\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        _this.state = {\n          style: from\n        };\n        return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this);\n      }\n      _this.state = {\n        style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, from) : from\n      };\n    } else {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: {}\n      };\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Animate, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        isActive = _this$props2.isActive,\n        canBegin = _this$props2.canBegin;\n      this.mounted = true;\n      if (!isActive || !canBegin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      this.runAnimation(this.props);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        isActive = _this$props3.isActive,\n        canBegin = _this$props3.canBegin,\n        attributeName = _this$props3.attributeName,\n        shouldReAnimate = _this$props3.shouldReAnimate;\n      if (!canBegin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!isActive) {\n        var newState = {\n          style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, this.props.to) : this.props.to\n        };\n        if (this.state && this.state.style) {\n          if (attributeName && this.state.style[attributeName] !== this.props.to || !attributeName && this.state.style !== this.props.to) {\n            // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-did-update-set-state\n            this.setState(newState);\n          }\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n      if (deepEqual(prevProps.to, this.props.to) && prevProps.canBegin && prevProps.isActive) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var isTriggered = !prevProps.canBegin || !prevProps.isActive;\n      if (this.manager) {\n        this.manager.stop();\n      }\n      if (this.stopJSAnimation) {\n        this.stopJSAnimation();\n      }\n      var from = isTriggered || shouldReAnimate ? this.props.from : prevProps.to;\n      if (this.state && this.state.style) {\n        var _newState = {\n          style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, from) : from\n        };\n        if (attributeName && this.state.style[attributeName] !== from || !attributeName && this.state.style !== from) {\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-did-update-set-state\n          this.setState(_newState);\n        }\n      }\n      this.runAnimation(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        from: from,\n        begin: 0\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n    value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n      this.mounted = false;\n      if (this.unSubscribe) {\n        this.unSubscribe();\n      }\n      if (this.manager) {\n        this.manager.stop();\n        this.manager = null;\n      }\n      if (this.stopJSAnimation) {\n        this.stopJSAnimation();\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runJSAnimation\",\n    value: function runJSAnimation(props) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var from = props.from,\n        to = props.to,\n        duration = props.duration,\n        easing = props.easing,\n        begin = props.begin,\n        onAnimationEnd = props.onAnimationEnd,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart;\n      var startAnimation = configUpdate(from, to, configEasing(easing), duration, this.changeStyle);\n      var finalStartAnimation = function finalStartAnimation() {\n        _this2.stopJSAnimation = startAnimation();\n      };\n      this.manager.start([onAnimationStart, begin, finalStartAnimation, duration, onAnimationEnd]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runStepAnimation\",\n    value: function runStepAnimation(props) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var steps = props.steps,\n        begin = props.begin,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart;\n      var _steps$ = steps[0],\n        initialStyle = _steps$.style,\n        _steps$$duration = _steps$.duration,\n        initialTime = _steps$$duration === void 0 ? 0 : _steps$$duration;\n      var addStyle = function addStyle(sequence, nextItem, index) {\n        if (index === 0) {\n          return sequence;\n        }\n        var duration = nextItem.duration,\n          _nextItem$easing = nextItem.easing,\n          easing = _nextItem$easing === void 0 ? 'ease' : _nextItem$easing,\n          style = nextItem.style,\n          nextProperties = nextItem.properties,\n          onAnimationEnd = nextItem.onAnimationEnd;\n        var preItem = index > 0 ? steps[index - 1] : nextItem;\n        var properties = nextProperties || Object.keys(style);\n        if (typeof easing === 'function' || easing === 'spring') {\n          return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(sequence), [_this3.runJSAnimation.bind(_this3, {\n            from: preItem.style,\n            to: style,\n            duration: duration,\n            easing: easing\n          }), duration]);\n        }\n        var transition = getTransitionVal(properties, duration, easing);\n        var newStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, preItem.style), style), {}, {\n          transition: transition\n        });\n        return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(sequence), [newStyle, duration, onAnimationEnd]).filter(identity);\n      };\n      return this.manager.start([onAnimationStart].concat(_toConsumableArray(steps.reduce(addStyle, [initialStyle, Math.max(initialTime, begin)])), [props.onAnimationEnd]));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runAnimation\",\n    value: function runAnimation(props) {\n      if (!this.manager) {\n        this.manager = createAnimateManager();\n      }\n      var begin = props.begin,\n        duration = props.duration,\n        attributeName = props.attributeName,\n        propsTo = props.to,\n        easing = props.easing,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart,\n        onAnimationEnd = props.onAnimationEnd,\n        steps = props.steps,\n        children = props.children;\n      var manager = this.manager;\n      this.unSubscribe = manager.subscribe(this.handleStyleChange);\n      if (typeof easing === 'function' || typeof children === 'function' || easing === 'spring') {\n        this.runJSAnimation(props);\n        return;\n      }\n      if (steps.length > 1) {\n        this.runStepAnimation(props);\n        return;\n      }\n      var to = attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, propsTo) : propsTo;\n      var transition = getTransitionVal(Object.keys(to), duration, easing);\n      manager.start([onAnimationStart, begin, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, to), {}, {\n        transition: transition\n      }), duration, onAnimationEnd]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleStyleChange\",\n    value: function handleStyleChange(style) {\n      this.changeStyle(style);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"changeStyle\",\n    value: function changeStyle(style) {\n      if (this.mounted) {\n        this.setState({\n          style: style\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        children = _this$props4.children,\n        begin = _this$props4.begin,\n        duration = _this$props4.duration,\n        attributeName = _this$props4.attributeName,\n        easing = _this$props4.easing,\n        isActive = _this$props4.isActive,\n        steps = _this$props4.steps,\n        from = _this$props4.from,\n        to = _this$props4.to,\n        canBegin = _this$props4.canBegin,\n        onAnimationEnd = _this$props4.onAnimationEnd,\n        shouldReAnimate = _this$props4.shouldReAnimate,\n        onAnimationReStart = _this$props4.onAnimationReStart,\n        others = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props4, [\"children\", \"begin\", \"duration\", \"attributeName\", \"easing\", \"isActive\", \"steps\", \"from\", \"to\", \"canBegin\", \"onAnimationEnd\", \"shouldReAnimate\", \"onAnimationReStart\"]);\n      var count = Children.count(children);\n      var stateStyle = translateStyle(this.state.style);\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        return children(stateStyle);\n      }\n      if (!isActive || count === 0) {\n        return children;\n      }\n      var cloneContainer = function cloneContainer(container) {\n        var _container$props = container.props,\n          _container$props$styl = _container$props.style,\n          style = _container$props$styl === void 0 ? {} : _container$props$styl,\n          className = _container$props.className;\n        var res = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(container, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, others), {}, {\n          style: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, style), stateStyle),\n          className: className\n        }));\n        return res;\n      };\n      if (count === 1) {\n        return cloneContainer(Children.only(children));\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", null, Children.map(children, function (child) {\n        return cloneContainer(child);\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Animate;\n}(PureComponent);\nAnimate.displayName = 'Animate';\nAnimate.defaultProps = {\n  begin: 0,\n  duration: 1000,\n  from: '',\n  to: '',\n  attributeName: '',\n  easing: 'ease',\n  isActive: true,\n  canBegin: true,\n  steps: [],\n  onAnimationEnd: function onAnimationEnd() {},\n  onAnimationStart: function onAnimationStart() {}\n};\nexport default Animate;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { Component, Children } from 'react';\nimport { Transition } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport Animate from './Animate';\nif (Number.isFinite === undefined) {\n  Number.isFinite = function (value) {\n    return typeof value === 'number' && isFinite(value);\n  };\n}\nvar parseDurationOfSingleTransition = function parseDurationOfSingleTransition() {\n  var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var steps = options.steps,\n    duration = options.duration;\n  if (steps && steps.length) {\n    return steps.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return result + (Number.isFinite(entry.duration) && entry.duration > 0 ? entry.duration : 0);\n    }, 0);\n  }\n  if (Number.isFinite(duration)) {\n    return duration;\n  }\n  return 0;\n};\nvar AnimateGroupChild = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(AnimateGroupChild, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(AnimateGroupChild);\n  function AnimateGroupChild() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, AnimateGroupChild);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      isActive: false\n    };\n    _this.handleEnter = function (node, isAppearing) {\n      var _this$props = _this.props,\n        appearOptions = _this$props.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props.enterOptions;\n      _this.handleStyleActive(isAppearing ? appearOptions : enterOptions);\n    };\n    _this.handleExit = function () {\n      _this.handleStyleActive(_this.props.leaveOptions);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(AnimateGroupChild, [{\n    key: \"handleStyleActive\",\n    value: function handleStyleActive(style) {\n      if (style) {\n        var onAnimationEnd = style.onAnimationEnd ? function () {\n          style.onAnimationEnd();\n        } : null;\n        this.setState(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, style), {}, {\n          onAnimationEnd: onAnimationEnd,\n          isActive: true\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"parseTimeout\",\n    value: function parseTimeout() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        appearOptions = _this$props2.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props2.enterOptions,\n        leaveOptions = _this$props2.leaveOptions;\n      return parseDurationOfSingleTransition(appearOptions) + parseDurationOfSingleTransition(enterOptions) + parseDurationOfSingleTransition(leaveOptions);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        children = _this$props3.children,\n        appearOptions = _this$props3.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props3.enterOptions,\n        leaveOptions = _this$props3.leaveOptions,\n        props = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props3, [\"children\", \"appearOptions\", \"enterOptions\", \"leaveOptions\"]);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Transition, _extends({}, props, {\n        onEnter: this.handleEnter,\n        onExit: this.handleExit,\n        timeout: this.parseTimeout()\n      }), function () {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, _this2.state, Children.only(children));\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return AnimateGroupChild;\n}(Component);\nexport default AnimateGroupChild;","import React, { Children } from 'react';\nimport { TransitionGroup } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport AnimateGroupChild from './AnimateGroupChild';\nfunction AnimateGroup(props) {\n  var component = props.component,\n    children = props.children,\n    appear = props.appear,\n    enter = props.enter,\n    leave = props.leave;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroup, {\n    component: component\n  }, Children.map(children, function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(AnimateGroupChild, {\n      appearOptions: appear,\n      enterOptions: enter,\n      leaveOptions: leave,\n      key: \"child-\".concat(index) // eslint-disable-line\n    }, child);\n  }));\n}\nAnimateGroup.defaultProps = {\n  component: 'span'\n};\nexport default AnimateGroup;","import Animate from './Animate';\nimport { configBezier, configSpring } from './easing';\nimport { translateStyle } from './util';\nimport AnimateGroup from './AnimateGroup';\nexport { configSpring, configBezier, AnimateGroup, translateStyle };\nexport default Animate;","import _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _isNaN from \"lodash/isNaN\";\nimport _isNumber from \"lodash/isNumber\";\nimport _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nexport var mathSign = function mathSign(value) {\n  if (value === 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  if (value > 0) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n  return -1;\n};\nexport var isPercent = function isPercent(value) {\n  return _isString(value) && value.indexOf('%') === value.length - 1;\n};\nexport var isNumber = function isNumber(value) {\n  return _isNumber(value) && !_isNaN(value);\n};\nexport var isNumOrStr = function isNumOrStr(value) {\n  return isNumber(value) || _isString(value);\n};\nvar idCounter = 0;\nexport var uniqueId = function uniqueId(prefix) {\n  var id = ++idCounter;\n  return \"\".concat(prefix || '').concat(id);\n};\n/**\n * Get percent value of a total value\n * @param {Number|String} percent A percent\n * @param {Number} totalValue     Total value\n * @param {NUmber} defaultValue   The value returned when percent is undefined or invalid\n * @param {Boolean} validate      If set to be true, the result will be validated\n * @return {Number} value\n */\n\nexport var getPercentValue = function getPercentValue(percent, totalValue) {\n  var defaultValue = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 0;\n  var validate = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : false;\n  if (!isNumber(percent) && !_isString(percent)) {\n    return defaultValue;\n  }\n  var value;\n  if (isPercent(percent)) {\n    var index = percent.indexOf('%');\n    value = totalValue * parseFloat(percent.slice(0, index)) / 100;\n  } else {\n    value = +percent;\n  }\n  if (_isNaN(value)) {\n    value = defaultValue;\n  }\n  if (validate && value > totalValue) {\n    value = totalValue;\n  }\n  return value;\n};\nexport var getAnyElementOfObject = function getAnyElementOfObject(obj) {\n  if (!obj) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var keys = Object.keys(obj);\n  if (keys && keys.length) {\n    return obj[keys[0]];\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var hasDuplicate = function hasDuplicate(ary) {\n  if (!_isArray(ary)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var len = ary.length;\n  var cache = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    if (!cache[ary[i]]) {\n      cache[ary[i]] = true;\n    } else {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var interpolateNumber = function interpolateNumber(numberA, numberB) {\n  if (isNumber(numberA) && isNumber(numberB)) {\n    return function (t) {\n      return numberA + t * (numberB - numberA);\n    };\n  }\n  return function () {\n    return numberB;\n  };\n};\nexport function findEntryInArray(ary, specifiedKey, specifiedValue) {\n  if (!ary || !ary.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return ary.find(function (entry) {\n    return entry && (typeof specifiedKey === 'function' ? specifiedKey(entry) : _get(entry, specifiedKey)) === specifiedValue;\n  });\n}\n/**\n * The least square linear regression\n * @param {Array} data The array of points\n * @returns {Object} The domain of x, and the parameter of linear function\n */\n\nexport var getLinearRegression = function getLinearRegression(data) {\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var len = data.length;\n  var xsum = 0;\n  var ysum = 0;\n  var xysum = 0;\n  var xxsum = 0;\n  var xmin = Infinity;\n  var xmax = -Infinity;\n  var xcurrent = 0;\n  var ycurrent = 0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    xcurrent = data[i].cx || 0;\n    ycurrent = data[i].cy || 0;\n    xsum += xcurrent;\n    ysum += ycurrent;\n    xysum += xcurrent * ycurrent;\n    xxsum += xcurrent * xcurrent;\n    xmin = Math.min(xmin, xcurrent);\n    xmax = Math.max(xmax, xcurrent);\n  }\n  var a = len * xxsum !== xsum * xsum ? (len * xysum - xsum * ysum) / (len * xxsum - xsum * xsum) : 0;\n  return {\n    xmin: xmin,\n    xmax: xmax,\n    a: a,\n    b: (ysum - a * xsum) / len\n  };\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nfunction defaultFormatter(value) {\n  return _isArray(value) && isNumOrStr(value[0]) && isNumOrStr(value[1]) ? value.join(' ~ ') : value;\n}\nexport var DefaultTooltipContent = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(DefaultTooltipContent, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(DefaultTooltipContent);\n  function DefaultTooltipContent() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, DefaultTooltipContent);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(DefaultTooltipContent, [{\n    key: \"renderContent\",\n    value: function renderContent() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props.payload,\n        separator = _this$props.separator,\n        formatter = _this$props.formatter,\n        itemStyle = _this$props.itemStyle,\n        itemSorter = _this$props.itemSorter;\n      if (payload && payload.length) {\n        var listStyle = {\n          padding: 0,\n          margin: 0\n        };\n        var items = (itemSorter ? _sortBy(payload, itemSorter) : payload).map(function (entry, i) {\n          if (entry.type === 'none') {\n            return null;\n          }\n          var finalItemStyle = _objectSpread({\n            display: 'block',\n            paddingTop: 4,\n            paddingBottom: 4,\n            color: entry.color || '#000'\n          }, itemStyle);\n          var finalFormatter = entry.formatter || formatter || defaultFormatter;\n          var value = entry.value,\n            name = entry.name;\n          if (finalFormatter && value != null && name != null) {\n            var formatted = finalFormatter(value, name, entry, i, payload);\n            if (Array.isArray(formatted)) {\n              var _ref = formatted;\n              var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2);\n              value = _ref2[0];\n              name = _ref2[1];\n            } else {\n              value = formatted;\n            }\n          }\n          return /*#__PURE__*/(\n            // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n            React.createElement(\"li\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item\",\n              key: \"tooltip-item-\".concat(i),\n              style: finalItemStyle\n            }, isNumOrStr(name) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-name\"\n            }, name) : null, isNumOrStr(name) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-separator\"\n            }, separator) : null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-value\"\n            }, value), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-unit\"\n            }, entry.unit || ''))\n          );\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"ul\", {\n          className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-list\",\n          style: listStyle\n        }, items);\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        wrapperClassName = _this$props2.wrapperClassName,\n        contentStyle = _this$props2.contentStyle,\n        labelClassName = _this$props2.labelClassName,\n        labelStyle = _this$props2.labelStyle,\n        label = _this$props2.label,\n        labelFormatter = _this$props2.labelFormatter,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload;\n      var finalStyle = _objectSpread({\n        margin: 0,\n        padding: 10,\n        backgroundColor: '#fff',\n        border: '1px solid #ccc',\n        whiteSpace: 'nowrap'\n      }, contentStyle);\n      var finalLabelStyle = _objectSpread({\n        margin: 0\n      }, labelStyle);\n      var hasLabel = !_isNil(label);\n      var finalLabel = hasLabel ? label : '';\n      var wrapperCN = classNames('recharts-default-tooltip', wrapperClassName);\n      var labelCN = classNames('recharts-tooltip-label', labelClassName);\n      if (hasLabel && labelFormatter && payload !== undefined && payload !== null) {\n        finalLabel = labelFormatter(label, payload);\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n        className: wrapperCN,\n        style: finalStyle\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"p\", {\n        className: labelCN,\n        style: finalLabelStyle\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(finalLabel) ? finalLabel : \"\".concat(finalLabel)), this.renderContent());\n    }\n  }]);\n  return DefaultTooltipContent;\n}(PureComponent);\nDefaultTooltipContent.displayName = 'DefaultTooltipContent';\nDefaultTooltipContent.defaultProps = {\n  separator: ' : ',\n  contentStyle: {},\n  itemStyle: {},\n  labelStyle: {}\n};","var parseIsSsrByDefault = function parseIsSsrByDefault() {\n  return !(typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.document && window.document.createElement && window.setTimeout);\n};\nexport var Global = {\n  isSsr: parseIsSsrByDefault(),\n  get: function get(key) {\n    return Global[key];\n  },\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    if (typeof key === 'string') {\n      Global[key] = value;\n    } else {\n      var keys = Object.keys(key);\n      if (keys && keys.length) {\n        keys.forEach(function (k) {\n          Global[k] = key[k];\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _uniqBy from \"lodash/uniqBy\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Tooltip\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { translateStyle } from 'react-smooth';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { DefaultTooltipContent } from './DefaultTooltipContent';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar CLS_PREFIX = 'recharts-tooltip-wrapper';\nvar EPS = 1;\nfunction defaultUniqBy(entry) {\n  return entry.dataKey;\n}\nfunction getUniqPayload(option, payload) {\n  if (option === true) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, defaultUniqBy);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, option);\n  }\n  return payload;\n}\nfunction renderContent(content, props) {\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(content, props);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(DefaultTooltipContent, props);\n}\nexport var Tooltip = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Tooltip, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Tooltip);\n  function Tooltip() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Tooltip);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      boxWidth: -1,\n      boxHeight: -1,\n      dismissed: false,\n      dismissedAtCoordinate: {\n        x: 0,\n        y: 0\n      }\n    };\n    _this.wrapperNode = void 0;\n    _this.getTranslate = function (_ref) {\n      var key = _ref.key,\n        tooltipDimension = _ref.tooltipDimension,\n        viewBoxDimension = _ref.viewBoxDimension;\n      var _this$props = _this.props,\n        allowEscapeViewBox = _this$props.allowEscapeViewBox,\n        coordinate = _this$props.coordinate,\n        offset = _this$props.offset,\n        position = _this$props.position,\n        viewBox = _this$props.viewBox;\n      if (position && isNumber(position[key])) {\n        return position[key];\n      }\n      var restricted = coordinate[key] - tooltipDimension - offset;\n      var unrestricted = coordinate[key] + offset;\n      if (allowEscapeViewBox[key]) {\n        return unrestricted;\n      }\n      var tooltipBoundary = coordinate[key] + tooltipDimension + offset;\n      var viewBoxBoundary = viewBox[key] + viewBoxDimension;\n      if (tooltipBoundary > viewBoxBoundary) {\n        return Math.max(restricted, viewBox[key]);\n      }\n      return Math.max(unrestricted, viewBox[key]);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Tooltip, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"updateBBox\",\n    value: function updateBBox() {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state.boxHeight,\n        dismissed = _this$state.dismissed;\n      if (dismissed) {\n        this.wrapperNode.blur();\n        if (this.props.coordinate.x !== this.state.dismissedAtCoordinate.x || this.props.coordinate.y !== this.state.dismissedAtCoordinate.y) {\n          this.setState({\n            dismissed: false\n          });\n        }\n      } else {\n        this.wrapperNode.focus({\n          preventScroll: true\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        var box = this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n        if (Math.abs(box.width - boxWidth) > EPS || Math.abs(box.height - boxHeight) > EPS) {\n          this.setState({\n            boxWidth: box.width,\n            boxHeight: box.height\n          });\n        }\n      } else if (boxWidth !== -1 || boxHeight !== -1) {\n        this.setState({\n          boxWidth: -1,\n          boxHeight: -1\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _classNames,\n        _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive,\n        animationDuration = _this$props2.animationDuration,\n        animationEasing = _this$props2.animationEasing,\n        filterNull = _this$props2.filterNull,\n        payloadUniqBy = _this$props2.payloadUniqBy;\n      var finalPayload = getUniqPayload(payloadUniqBy, filterNull && payload && payload.length ? payload.filter(function (entry) {\n        return !_isNil(entry.value);\n      }) : payload);\n      var hasPayload = finalPayload && finalPayload.length;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        content = _this$props3.content,\n        viewBox = _this$props3.viewBox,\n        coordinate = _this$props3.coordinate,\n        position = _this$props3.position,\n        active = _this$props3.active,\n        wrapperStyle = _this$props3.wrapperStyle;\n      var outerStyle = _objectSpread({\n        pointerEvents: 'none',\n        visibility: !this.state.dismissed && active && hasPayload ? 'visible' : 'hidden',\n        position: 'absolute',\n        top: 0,\n        left: 0\n      }, wrapperStyle);\n      var translateX, translateY;\n      if (position && isNumber(position.x) && isNumber(position.y)) {\n        translateX = position.x;\n        translateY = position.y;\n      } else {\n        var _this$state2 = this.state,\n          boxWidth = _this$state2.boxWidth,\n          boxHeight = _this$state2.boxHeight;\n        if (boxWidth > 0 && boxHeight > 0 && coordinate) {\n          translateX = this.getTranslate({\n            key: 'x',\n            tooltipDimension: boxWidth,\n            viewBoxDimension: viewBox.width\n          });\n          translateY = this.getTranslate({\n            key: 'y',\n            tooltipDimension: boxHeight,\n            viewBoxDimension: viewBox.height\n          });\n        } else {\n          outerStyle.visibility = 'hidden';\n        }\n      }\n      outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, translateStyle({\n        transform: this.props.useTranslate3d ? \"translate3d(\".concat(translateX, \"px, \").concat(translateY, \"px, 0)\") : \"translate(\".concat(translateX, \"px, \").concat(translateY, \"px)\")\n      })), outerStyle);\n      if (isAnimationActive && active) {\n        outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, translateStyle({\n          transition: \"transform \".concat(animationDuration, \"ms \").concat(animationEasing)\n        })), outerStyle);\n      }\n      var cls = classNames(CLS_PREFIX, (_classNames = {}, _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-right\"), isNumber(translateX) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.x) && translateX >= coordinate.x), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-left\"), isNumber(translateX) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.x) && translateX < coordinate.x), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-bottom\"), isNumber(translateY) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.y) && translateY >= coordinate.y), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-top\"), isNumber(translateY) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.y) && translateY < coordinate.y), _classNames));\n      return /*#__PURE__*/(\n        // ESLint is disabled to allow listening to the `Escape` key. Refer to\n        // https://github.com/recharts/recharts/pull/2925\n        // eslint-disable-next-line jsx-a11y/no-noninteractive-element-interactions\n        React.createElement(\"div\", {\n          tabIndex: -1,\n          role: \"dialog\",\n          onKeyDown: function onKeyDown(event) {\n            if (event.key === 'Escape') {\n              _this2.setState({\n                dismissed: true,\n                dismissedAtCoordinate: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _this2.state.dismissedAtCoordinate), {}, {\n                  x: _this2.props.coordinate.x,\n                  y: _this2.props.coordinate.y\n                })\n              });\n            }\n          },\n          className: cls,\n          style: outerStyle,\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.wrapperNode = node;\n          }\n        }, renderContent(content, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n          payload: finalPayload\n        })))\n      );\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Tooltip;\n}(PureComponent);\nTooltip.displayName = 'Tooltip';\nTooltip.defaultProps = {\n  active: false,\n  allowEscapeViewBox: {\n    x: false,\n    y: false\n  },\n  offset: 10,\n  viewBox: {\n    x1: 0,\n    x2: 0,\n    y1: 0,\n    y2: 0\n  },\n  coordinate: {\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0\n  },\n  cursorStyle: {},\n  separator: ' : ',\n  wrapperStyle: {},\n  contentStyle: {},\n  itemStyle: {},\n  labelStyle: {},\n  cursor: true,\n  trigger: 'hover',\n  isAnimationActive: !Global.isSsr,\n  animationEasing: 'ease',\n  animationDuration: 400,\n  filterNull: true,\n  useTranslate3d: false\n};","export var abs = Math.abs;\nexport var atan2 = Math.atan2;\nexport var cos = Math.cos;\nexport var max = Math.max;\nexport var min = Math.min;\nexport var sin = Math.sin;\nexport var sqrt = Math.sqrt;\nexport var epsilon = 1e-12;\nexport var pi = Math.PI;\nexport var halfPi = pi / 2;\nexport var tau = 2 * pi;\nexport function acos(x) {\n  return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? pi : Math.acos(x);\n}\nexport function asin(x) {\n  return x >= 1 ? halfPi : x <= -1 ? -halfPi : Math.asin(x);\n}","import { pi, tau } from \"../math.js\";\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / pi);\n    context.moveTo(r, 0);\n    context.arc(0, 0, r, 0, tau);\n  }\n};","export default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / 5) / 2;\n    context.moveTo(-3 * r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, -3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(r, -3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(3 * r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(3 * r, r);\n    context.lineTo(r, r);\n    context.lineTo(r, 3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, 3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, r);\n    context.lineTo(-3 * r, r);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var tan30 = Math.sqrt(1 / 3),\n  tan30_2 = tan30 * 2;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var y = Math.sqrt(size / tan30_2),\n      x = y * tan30;\n    context.moveTo(0, -y);\n    context.lineTo(x, 0);\n    context.lineTo(0, y);\n    context.lineTo(-x, 0);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","export default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var w = Math.sqrt(size),\n      x = -w / 2;\n    context.rect(x, x, w, w);\n  }\n};","import { pi, tau } from \"../math.js\";\nvar ka = 0.89081309152928522810,\n  kr = Math.sin(pi / 10) / Math.sin(7 * pi / 10),\n  kx = Math.sin(tau / 10) * kr,\n  ky = -Math.cos(tau / 10) * kr;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size * ka),\n      x = kx * r,\n      y = ky * r;\n    context.moveTo(0, -r);\n    context.lineTo(x, y);\n    for (var i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {\n      var a = tau * i / 5,\n        c = Math.cos(a),\n        s = Math.sin(a);\n      context.lineTo(s * r, -c * r);\n      context.lineTo(c * x - s * y, s * x + c * y);\n    }\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var sqrt3 = Math.sqrt(3);\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var y = -Math.sqrt(size / (sqrt3 * 3));\n    context.moveTo(0, y * 2);\n    context.lineTo(-sqrt3 * y, -y);\n    context.lineTo(sqrt3 * y, -y);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var c = -0.5,\n  s = Math.sqrt(3) / 2,\n  k = 1 / Math.sqrt(12),\n  a = (k / 2 + 1) * 3;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / a),\n      x0 = r / 2,\n      y0 = r * k,\n      x1 = x0,\n      y1 = r * k + r,\n      x2 = -x1,\n      y2 = y1;\n    context.moveTo(x0, y0);\n    context.lineTo(x1, y1);\n    context.lineTo(x2, y2);\n    context.lineTo(c * x0 - s * y0, s * x0 + c * y0);\n    context.lineTo(c * x1 - s * y1, s * x1 + c * y1);\n    context.lineTo(c * x2 - s * y2, s * x2 + c * y2);\n    context.lineTo(c * x0 + s * y0, c * y0 - s * x0);\n    context.lineTo(c * x1 + s * y1, c * y1 - s * x1);\n    context.lineTo(c * x2 + s * y2, c * y2 - s * x2);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var pi = Math.PI,\n  tau = 2 * pi,\n  epsilon = 1e-6,\n  tauEpsilon = tau - epsilon;\nfunction Path() {\n  this._x0 = this._y0 =\n  // start of current subpath\n  this._x1 = this._y1 = null; // end of current subpath\n  this._ = \"\";\n}\nfunction path() {\n  return new Path();\n}\nPath.prototype = path.prototype = {\n  constructor: Path,\n  moveTo: function moveTo(x, y) {\n    this._ += \"M\" + (this._x0 = this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y0 = this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  closePath: function closePath() {\n    if (this._x1 !== null) {\n      this._x1 = this._x0, this._y1 = this._y0;\n      this._ += \"Z\";\n    }\n  },\n  lineTo: function lineTo(x, y) {\n    this._ += \"L\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  quadraticCurveTo: function quadraticCurveTo(x1, y1, x, y) {\n    this._ += \"Q\" + +x1 + \",\" + +y1 + \",\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  bezierCurveTo: function bezierCurveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) {\n    this._ += \"C\" + +x1 + \",\" + +y1 + \",\" + +x2 + \",\" + +y2 + \",\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  arcTo: function arcTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, r) {\n    x1 = +x1, y1 = +y1, x2 = +x2, y2 = +y2, r = +r;\n    var x0 = this._x1,\n      y0 = this._y1,\n      x21 = x2 - x1,\n      y21 = y2 - y1,\n      x01 = x0 - x1,\n      y01 = y0 - y1,\n      l01_2 = x01 * x01 + y01 * y01;\n\n    // Is the radius negative? Error.\n    if (r < 0) throw new Error(\"negative radius: \" + r);\n\n    // Is this path empty? Move to (x1,y1).\n    if (this._x1 === null) {\n      this._ += \"M\" + (this._x1 = x1) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1);\n    }\n\n    // Or, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x0,y0)? Do nothing.\n    else if (!(l01_2 > epsilon)) ;\n\n    // Or, are (x0,y0), (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) collinear?\n    // Equivalently, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x2,y2)?\n    // Or, is the radius zero? Line to (x1,y1).\n    else if (!(Math.abs(y01 * x21 - y21 * x01) > epsilon) || !r) {\n      this._ += \"L\" + (this._x1 = x1) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1);\n    }\n\n    // Otherwise, draw an arc!\n    else {\n      var x20 = x2 - x0,\n        y20 = y2 - y0,\n        l21_2 = x21 * x21 + y21 * y21,\n        l20_2 = x20 * x20 + y20 * y20,\n        l21 = Math.sqrt(l21_2),\n        l01 = Math.sqrt(l01_2),\n        l = r * Math.tan((pi - Math.acos((l21_2 + l01_2 - l20_2) / (2 * l21 * l01))) / 2),\n        t01 = l / l01,\n        t21 = l / l21;\n\n      // If the start tangent is not coincident with (x0,y0), line to.\n      if (Math.abs(t01 - 1) > epsilon) {\n        this._ += \"L\" + (x1 + t01 * x01) + \",\" + (y1 + t01 * y01);\n      }\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,0,\" + +(y01 * x20 > x01 * y20) + \",\" + (this._x1 = x1 + t21 * x21) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1 + t21 * y21);\n    }\n  },\n  arc: function arc(x, y, r, a0, a1, ccw) {\n    x = +x, y = +y, r = +r, ccw = !!ccw;\n    var dx = r * Math.cos(a0),\n      dy = r * Math.sin(a0),\n      x0 = x + dx,\n      y0 = y + dy,\n      cw = 1 ^ ccw,\n      da = ccw ? a0 - a1 : a1 - a0;\n\n    // Is the radius negative? Error.\n    if (r < 0) throw new Error(\"negative radius: \" + r);\n\n    // Is this path empty? Move to (x0,y0).\n    if (this._x1 === null) {\n      this._ += \"M\" + x0 + \",\" + y0;\n    }\n\n    // Or, is (x0,y0) not coincident with the previous point? Line to (x0,y0).\n    else if (Math.abs(this._x1 - x0) > epsilon || Math.abs(this._y1 - y0) > epsilon) {\n      this._ += \"L\" + x0 + \",\" + y0;\n    }\n\n    // Is this arc empty? We’re done.\n    if (!r) return;\n\n    // Does the angle go the wrong way? Flip the direction.\n    if (da < 0) da = da % tau + tau;\n\n    // Is this a complete circle? Draw two arcs to complete the circle.\n    if (da > tauEpsilon) {\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,1,\" + cw + \",\" + (x - dx) + \",\" + (y - dy) + \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,1,\" + cw + \",\" + (this._x1 = x0) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y0);\n    }\n\n    // Is this arc non-empty? Draw an arc!\n    else if (da > epsilon) {\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,\" + +(da >= pi) + \",\" + cw + \",\" + (this._x1 = x + r * Math.cos(a1)) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y + r * Math.sin(a1));\n    }\n  },\n  rect: function rect(x, y, w, h) {\n    this._ += \"M\" + (this._x0 = this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y0 = this._y1 = +y) + \"h\" + +w + \"v\" + +h + \"h\" + -w + \"Z\";\n  },\n  toString: function toString() {\n    return this._;\n  }\n};\nexport default path;","export default function (x) {\n  return function constant() {\n    return x;\n  };\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Curve\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { symbol as shapeSymbol, symbolCircle, symbolCross, symbolDiamond, symbolSquare, symbolStar, symbolTriangle, symbolWye } from 'd3-shape';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar symbolFactories = {\n  symbolCircle: symbolCircle,\n  symbolCross: symbolCross,\n  symbolDiamond: symbolDiamond,\n  symbolSquare: symbolSquare,\n  symbolStar: symbolStar,\n  symbolTriangle: symbolTriangle,\n  symbolWye: symbolWye\n};\nvar RADIAN = Math.PI / 180;\nvar getSymbolFactory = function getSymbolFactory(type) {\n  var name = \"symbol\".concat(_upperFirst(type));\n  return symbolFactories[name] || symbolCircle;\n};\nvar calculateAreaSize = function calculateAreaSize(size, sizeType, type) {\n  if (sizeType === 'area') {\n    return size;\n  }\n  switch (type) {\n    case 'cross':\n      return 5 * size * size / 9;\n    case 'diamond':\n      return 0.5 * size * size / Math.sqrt(3);\n    case 'square':\n      return size * size;\n    case 'star':\n      {\n        var angle = 18 * RADIAN;\n        return 1.25 * size * size * (Math.tan(angle) - Math.tan(angle * 2) * Math.pow(Math.tan(angle), 2));\n      }\n    case 'triangle':\n      return Math.sqrt(3) * size * size / 4;\n    case 'wye':\n      return (21 - 10 * Math.sqrt(3)) * size * size / 8;\n    default:\n      return Math.PI * size * size / 4;\n  }\n};\nexport var Symbols = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Symbols, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Symbols);\n  function Symbols() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Symbols);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Symbols, [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Calculate the path of curve\n     * @return {String} path\n     */\n    function getPath() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        size = _this$props.size,\n        sizeType = _this$props.sizeType,\n        type = _this$props.type;\n      var symbolFactory = getSymbolFactory(type);\n      var symbol = shapeSymbol().type(symbolFactory).size(calculateAreaSize(size, sizeType, type));\n      return symbol();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        className = _this$props2.className,\n        cx = _this$props2.cx,\n        cy = _this$props2.cy,\n        size = _this$props2.size;\n      if (cx === +cx && cy === +cy && size === +size) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n          className: classNames('recharts-symbols', className),\n          transform: \"translate(\".concat(cx, \", \").concat(cy, \")\"),\n          d: this.getPath()\n        }));\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Symbols;\n}(PureComponent);\nSymbols.defaultProps = {\n  type: 'circle',\n  size: 64,\n  sizeType: 'area'\n};\nSymbols.registerSymbol = function (key, factory) {\n  symbolFactories[\"symbol\".concat(_upperFirst(key))] = factory;\n};","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport circle from \"./symbol/circle.js\";\nimport cross from \"./symbol/cross.js\";\nimport diamond from \"./symbol/diamond.js\";\nimport star from \"./symbol/star.js\";\nimport square from \"./symbol/square.js\";\nimport triangle from \"./symbol/triangle.js\";\nimport wye from \"./symbol/wye.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nexport var symbols = [circle, cross, diamond, square, star, triangle, wye];\nexport default function (type, size) {\n  var context = null;\n  type = typeof type === \"function\" ? type : constant(type || circle);\n  size = typeof size === \"function\" ? size : constant(size === undefined ? 64 : +size);\n  function symbol() {\n    var buffer;\n    if (!context) context = buffer = path();\n    type.apply(this, arguments).draw(context, +size.apply(this, arguments));\n    if (buffer) return context = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  symbol.type = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (type = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(_), symbol) : type;\n  };\n  symbol.size = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (size = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), symbol) : size;\n  };\n  symbol.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (context = _ == null ? null : _, symbol) : context;\n  };\n  return symbol;\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Default Legend Content\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Surface } from '../container/Surface';\nimport { Symbols } from '../shape/Symbols';\nimport { adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nvar SIZE = 32;\nexport var DefaultLegendContent = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(DefaultLegendContent, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(DefaultLegendContent);\n  function DefaultLegendContent() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, DefaultLegendContent);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(DefaultLegendContent, [{\n    key: \"renderIcon\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Render the path of icon\n     * @param {Object} data Data of each legend item\n     * @return {String} Path element\n     */\n    function renderIcon(data) {\n      var inactiveColor = this.props.inactiveColor;\n      var halfSize = SIZE / 2;\n      var sixthSize = SIZE / 6;\n      var thirdSize = SIZE / 3;\n      var color = data.inactive ? inactiveColor : data.color;\n      if (data.type === 'plainline') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n          strokeWidth: 4,\n          fill: \"none\",\n          stroke: color,\n          strokeDasharray: data.payload.strokeDasharray,\n          x1: 0,\n          y1: halfSize,\n          x2: SIZE,\n          y2: halfSize,\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if (data.type === 'line') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n          strokeWidth: 4,\n          fill: \"none\",\n          stroke: color,\n          d: \"M0,\".concat(halfSize, \"h\").concat(thirdSize, \"\\n            A\").concat(sixthSize, \",\").concat(sixthSize, \",0,1,1,\").concat(2 * thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize, \"\\n            H\").concat(SIZE, \"M\").concat(2 * thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize, \"\\n            A\").concat(sixthSize, \",\").concat(sixthSize, \",0,1,1,\").concat(thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize),\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if (data.type === 'rect') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n          stroke: \"none\",\n          fill: color,\n          d: \"M0,\".concat(SIZE / 8, \"h\").concat(SIZE, \"v\").concat(SIZE * 3 / 4, \"h\").concat(-SIZE, \"z\"),\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(data.legendIcon)) {\n        var iconProps = _objectSpread({}, data);\n        delete iconProps.legendIcon;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(data.legendIcon, iconProps);\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Symbols, {\n        fill: color,\n        cx: halfSize,\n        cy: halfSize,\n        size: SIZE,\n        sizeType: \"diameter\",\n        type: data.type\n      });\n    }\n    /**\n     * Draw items of legend\n     * @return {ReactElement} Items\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderItems\",\n    value: function renderItems() {\n      var _this = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props.payload,\n        iconSize = _this$props.iconSize,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        formatter = _this$props.formatter,\n        inactiveColor = _this$props.inactiveColor;\n      var viewBox = {\n        x: 0,\n        y: 0,\n        width: SIZE,\n        height: SIZE\n      };\n      var itemStyle = {\n        display: layout === 'horizontal' ? 'inline-block' : 'block',\n        marginRight: 10\n      };\n      var svgStyle = {\n        display: 'inline-block',\n        verticalAlign: 'middle',\n        marginRight: 4\n      };\n      return payload.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var _classNames;\n        var finalFormatter = entry.formatter || formatter;\n        var className = classNames((_classNames = {\n          'recharts-legend-item': true\n        }, _defineProperty(_classNames, \"legend-item-\".concat(i), true), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"inactive\", entry.inactive), _classNames));\n        if (entry.type === 'none') {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var color = entry.inactive ? inactiveColor : entry.color;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"li\", _extends({\n          className: className,\n          style: itemStyle,\n          key: \"legend-item-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this.props, entry, i)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, {\n          width: iconSize,\n          height: iconSize,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          style: svgStyle\n        }, _this.renderIcon(entry)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n          className: \"recharts-legend-item-text\",\n          style: {\n            color: color\n          }\n        }, finalFormatter ? finalFormatter(entry.value, entry, i) : entry.value));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload,\n        layout = _this$props2.layout,\n        align = _this$props2.align;\n      if (!payload || !payload.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var finalStyle = {\n        padding: 0,\n        margin: 0,\n        textAlign: layout === 'horizontal' ? align : 'left'\n      };\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"ul\", {\n        className: \"recharts-default-legend\",\n        style: finalStyle\n      }, this.renderItems());\n    }\n  }]);\n  return DefaultLegendContent;\n}(PureComponent);\nDefaultLegendContent.displayName = 'Legend';\nDefaultLegendContent.defaultProps = {\n  iconSize: 14,\n  layout: 'horizontal',\n  align: 'center',\n  verticalAlign: 'middle',\n  inactiveColor: '#ccc'\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _uniqBy from \"lodash/uniqBy\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Legend\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { DefaultLegendContent } from './DefaultLegendContent';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nfunction defaultUniqBy(entry) {\n  return entry.value;\n}\nfunction getUniqPayload(option, payload) {\n  if (option === true) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, defaultUniqBy);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, option);\n  }\n  return payload;\n}\nfunction renderContent(content, props) {\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(content, props);\n  }\n  var ref = props.ref,\n    otherProps = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"ref\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(DefaultLegendContent, otherProps);\n}\nvar EPS = 1;\nexport var Legend = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Legend, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Legend);\n  function Legend() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Legend);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.wrapperNode = void 0;\n    _this.state = {\n      boxWidth: -1,\n      boxHeight: -1\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Legend, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBBox\",\n    value: function getBBox() {\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        return this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBBoxSnapshot\",\n    value: function getBBoxSnapshot() {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state.boxHeight;\n      if (boxWidth >= 0 && boxHeight >= 0) {\n        return {\n          width: boxWidth,\n          height: boxHeight\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDefaultPosition\",\n    value: function getDefaultPosition(style) {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        align = _this$props.align,\n        verticalAlign = _this$props.verticalAlign,\n        margin = _this$props.margin,\n        chartWidth = _this$props.chartWidth,\n        chartHeight = _this$props.chartHeight;\n      var hPos, vPos;\n      if (!style || (style.left === undefined || style.left === null) && (style.right === undefined || style.right === null)) {\n        if (align === 'center' && layout === 'vertical') {\n          var _box = this.getBBoxSnapshot() || {\n            width: 0\n          };\n          hPos = {\n            left: ((chartWidth || 0) - _box.width) / 2\n          };\n        } else {\n          hPos = align === 'right' ? {\n            right: margin && margin.right || 0\n          } : {\n            left: margin && margin.left || 0\n          };\n        }\n      }\n      if (!style || (style.top === undefined || style.top === null) && (style.bottom === undefined || style.bottom === null)) {\n        if (verticalAlign === 'middle') {\n          var _box2 = this.getBBoxSnapshot() || {\n            height: 0\n          };\n          vPos = {\n            top: ((chartHeight || 0) - _box2.height) / 2\n          };\n        } else {\n          vPos = verticalAlign === 'bottom' ? {\n            bottom: margin && margin.bottom || 0\n          } : {\n            top: margin && margin.top || 0\n          };\n        }\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, hPos), vPos);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"updateBBox\",\n    value: function updateBBox() {\n      var _this$state2 = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state2.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state2.boxHeight;\n      var onBBoxUpdate = this.props.onBBoxUpdate;\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        var _box3 = this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n        if (Math.abs(_box3.width - boxWidth) > EPS || Math.abs(_box3.height - boxHeight) > EPS) {\n          this.setState({\n            boxWidth: _box3.width,\n            boxHeight: _box3.height\n          }, function () {\n            if (onBBoxUpdate) {\n              onBBoxUpdate(_box3);\n            }\n          });\n        }\n      } else if (boxWidth !== -1 || boxHeight !== -1) {\n        this.setState({\n          boxWidth: -1,\n          boxHeight: -1\n        }, function () {\n          if (onBBoxUpdate) {\n            onBBoxUpdate(null);\n          }\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        content = _this$props2.content,\n        width = _this$props2.width,\n        height = _this$props2.height,\n        wrapperStyle = _this$props2.wrapperStyle,\n        payloadUniqBy = _this$props2.payloadUniqBy,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload;\n      var outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        position: 'absolute',\n        width: width || 'auto',\n        height: height || 'auto'\n      }, this.getDefaultPosition(wrapperStyle)), wrapperStyle);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n        className: \"recharts-legend-wrapper\",\n        style: outerStyle,\n        ref: function ref(node) {\n          _this2.wrapperNode = node;\n        }\n      }, renderContent(content, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        payload: getUniqPayload(payloadUniqBy, payload)\n      })));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getWithHeight\",\n    value: function getWithHeight(item, chartWidth) {\n      var layout = item.props.layout;\n      if (layout === 'vertical' && isNumber(item.props.height)) {\n        return {\n          height: item.props.height\n        };\n      }\n      if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n        return {\n          width: item.props.width || chartWidth\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Legend;\n}(PureComponent);\nLegend.displayName = 'Legend';\nLegend.defaultProps = {\n  iconSize: 14,\n  layout: 'horizontal',\n  align: 'center',\n  verticalAlign: 'bottom'\n};","export default function () {}","function _point(that, x, y) {\n  that._context.bezierCurveTo((2 * that._x0 + that._x1) / 3, (2 * that._y0 + that._y1) / 3, (that._x0 + 2 * that._x1) / 3, (that._y0 + 2 * that._y1) / 3, (that._x0 + 4 * that._x1 + x) / 6, (that._y0 + 4 * that._y1 + y) / 6);\n}\nexport { _point as point };\nexport function Basis(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasis.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 3:\n        _point(this, this._x1, this._y1);\n      // proceed\n      case 2:\n        this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1);\n        break;\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        this._context.lineTo((5 * this._x0 + this._x1) / 6, (5 * this._y0 + this._y1) / 6);\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Basis(context);\n}","import noop from \"../noop.js\";\nimport { point as _point } from \"./basis.js\";\nfunction BasisClosed(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasisClosed.prototype = {\n  areaStart: noop,\n  areaEnd: noop,\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 = this._x3 = this._x4 = this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = this._y3 = this._y4 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 1:\n        {\n          this._context.moveTo(this._x2, this._y2);\n          this._context.closePath();\n          break;\n        }\n      case 2:\n        {\n          this._context.moveTo((this._x2 + 2 * this._x3) / 3, (this._y2 + 2 * this._y3) / 3);\n          this._context.lineTo((this._x3 + 2 * this._x2) / 3, (this._y3 + 2 * this._y2) / 3);\n          this._context.closePath();\n          break;\n        }\n      case 3:\n        {\n          this.point(this._x2, this._y2);\n          this.point(this._x3, this._y3);\n          this.point(this._x4, this._y4);\n          break;\n        }\n    }\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._x2 = x, this._y2 = y;\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        this._x3 = x, this._y3 = y;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        this._x4 = x, this._y4 = y;\n        this._context.moveTo((this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6, (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6);\n        break;\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new BasisClosed(context);\n}","import { point as _point } from \"./basis.js\";\nfunction BasisOpen(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasisOpen.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 3) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        var x0 = (this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6,\n          y0 = (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x0, y0) : this._context.moveTo(x0, y0);\n        break;\n      case 3:\n        this._point = 4;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new BasisOpen(context);\n}","import noop from \"../noop.js\";\nfunction LinearClosed(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nLinearClosed.prototype = {\n  areaStart: noop,\n  areaEnd: noop,\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._point) this._context.closePath();\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    if (this._point) this._context.lineTo(x, y);else this._point = 1, this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new LinearClosed(context);\n}","function Linear(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nLinear.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        this._context.lineTo(x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Linear(context);\n}","function sign(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n}\n\n// Calculate the slopes of the tangents (Hermite-type interpolation) based on\n// the following paper: Steffen, M. 1990. A Simple Method for Monotonic\n// Interpolation in One Dimension. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 239, NO.\n// NOV(II), P. 443, 1990.\nfunction slope3(that, x2, y2) {\n  var h0 = that._x1 - that._x0,\n    h1 = x2 - that._x1,\n    s0 = (that._y1 - that._y0) / (h0 || h1 < 0 && -0),\n    s1 = (y2 - that._y1) / (h1 || h0 < 0 && -0),\n    p = (s0 * h1 + s1 * h0) / (h0 + h1);\n  return (sign(s0) + sign(s1)) * Math.min(Math.abs(s0), Math.abs(s1), 0.5 * Math.abs(p)) || 0;\n}\n\n// Calculate a one-sided slope.\nfunction slope2(that, t) {\n  var h = that._x1 - that._x0;\n  return h ? (3 * (that._y1 - that._y0) / h - t) / 2 : t;\n}\n\n// According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline#Representations\n// \"you can express cubic Hermite interpolation in terms of cubic Bézier curves\n// with respect to the four values p0, p0 + m0 / 3, p1 - m1 / 3, p1\".\nfunction _point(that, t0, t1) {\n  var x0 = that._x0,\n    y0 = that._y0,\n    x1 = that._x1,\n    y1 = that._y1,\n    dx = (x1 - x0) / 3;\n  that._context.bezierCurveTo(x0 + dx, y0 + dx * t0, x1 - dx, y1 - dx * t1, x1, y1);\n}\nfunction MonotoneX(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nMonotoneX.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = this._t0 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 2:\n        this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1);\n        break;\n      case 3:\n        _point(this, this._t0, slope2(this, this._t0));\n        break;\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    var t1 = NaN;\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    if (x === this._x1 && y === this._y1) return; // Ignore coincident points.\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        _point(this, slope2(this, t1 = slope3(this, x, y)), t1);\n        break;\n      default:\n        _point(this, this._t0, t1 = slope3(this, x, y));\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n    this._t0 = t1;\n  }\n};\nfunction MonotoneY(context) {\n  this._context = new ReflectContext(context);\n}\n(MonotoneY.prototype = Object.create(MonotoneX.prototype)).point = function (x, y) {\n  MonotoneX.prototype.point.call(this, y, x);\n};\nfunction ReflectContext(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nReflectContext.prototype = {\n  moveTo: function moveTo(x, y) {\n    this._context.moveTo(y, x);\n  },\n  closePath: function closePath() {\n    this._context.closePath();\n  },\n  lineTo: function lineTo(x, y) {\n    this._context.lineTo(y, x);\n  },\n  bezierCurveTo: function bezierCurveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) {\n    this._context.bezierCurveTo(y1, x1, y2, x2, y, x);\n  }\n};\nexport function monotoneX(context) {\n  return new MonotoneX(context);\n}\nexport function monotoneY(context) {\n  return new MonotoneY(context);\n}","function Natural(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nNatural.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x = [];\n    this._y = [];\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    var x = this._x,\n      y = this._y,\n      n = x.length;\n    if (n) {\n      this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x[0], y[0]) : this._context.moveTo(x[0], y[0]);\n      if (n === 2) {\n        this._context.lineTo(x[1], y[1]);\n      } else {\n        var px = controlPoints(x),\n          py = controlPoints(y);\n        for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 1; i1 < n; ++i0, ++i1) {\n          this._context.bezierCurveTo(px[0][i0], py[0][i0], px[1][i0], py[1][i0], x[i1], y[i1]);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && n === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n    this._x = this._y = null;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    this._x.push(+x);\n    this._y.push(+y);\n  }\n};\n\n// See https://www.particleincell.com/2012/bezier-splines/ for derivation.\nfunction controlPoints(x) {\n  var i,\n    n = x.length - 1,\n    m,\n    a = new Array(n),\n    b = new Array(n),\n    r = new Array(n);\n  a[0] = 0, b[0] = 2, r[0] = x[0] + 2 * x[1];\n  for (i = 1; i < n - 1; ++i) {\n    a[i] = 1, b[i] = 4, r[i] = 4 * x[i] + 2 * x[i + 1];\n  }\n  a[n - 1] = 2, b[n - 1] = 7, r[n - 1] = 8 * x[n - 1] + x[n];\n  for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {\n    m = a[i] / b[i - 1], b[i] -= m, r[i] -= m * r[i - 1];\n  }\n  a[n - 1] = r[n - 1] / b[n - 1];\n  for (i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {\n    a[i] = (r[i] - a[i + 1]) / b[i];\n  }\n  b[n - 1] = (x[n] + a[n - 1]) / 2;\n  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {\n    b[i] = 2 * x[i + 1] - a[i + 1];\n  }\n  return [a, b];\n}\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Natural(context);\n}","function Step(context, t) {\n  this._context = context;\n  this._t = t;\n}\nStep.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x = this._y = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (0 < this._t && this._t < 1 && this._point === 2) this._context.lineTo(this._x, this._y);\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    if (this._line >= 0) this._t = 1 - this._t, this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        {\n          if (this._t <= 0) {\n            this._context.lineTo(this._x, y);\n            this._context.lineTo(x, y);\n          } else {\n            var x1 = this._x * (1 - this._t) + x * this._t;\n            this._context.lineTo(x1, this._y);\n            this._context.lineTo(x1, y);\n          }\n          break;\n        }\n    }\n    this._x = x, this._y = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Step(context, 0.5);\n}\nexport function stepBefore(context) {\n  return new Step(context, 0);\n}\nexport function stepAfter(context) {\n  return new Step(context, 1);\n}","export var slice = Array.prototype.slice;\nexport default function (x) {\n  return typeof x === \"object\" && \"length\" in x ? x // Array, TypedArray, NodeList, array-like\n  : Array.from(x); // Map, Set, iterable, string, or anything else\n}","export function x(p) {\n  return p[0];\n}\nexport function y(p) {\n  return p[1];\n}","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport curveLinear from \"./curve/linear.js\";\nimport { x as pointX, y as pointY } from \"./point.js\";\nexport default function (x, y) {\n  var defined = constant(true),\n    context = null,\n    curve = curveLinear,\n    output = null;\n  x = typeof x === \"function\" ? x : x === undefined ? pointX : constant(x);\n  y = typeof y === \"function\" ? y : y === undefined ? pointY : constant(y);\n  function line(data) {\n    var i,\n      n = (data = array(data)).length,\n      d,\n      defined0 = false,\n      buffer;\n    if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());\n    for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {\n      if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {\n        if (defined0 = !defined0) output.lineStart();else output.lineEnd();\n      }\n      if (defined0) output.point(+x(d, i, data), +y(d, i, data));\n    }\n    if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  line.x = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), line) : x;\n  };\n  line.y = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), line) : y;\n  };\n  line.defined = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(!!_), line) : defined;\n  };\n  line.curve = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), line) : curve;\n  };\n  line.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), line) : context;\n  };\n  return line;\n}","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport curveLinear from \"./curve/linear.js\";\nimport line from \"./line.js\";\nimport { x as pointX, y as pointY } from \"./point.js\";\nexport default function (x0, y0, y1) {\n  var x1 = null,\n    defined = constant(true),\n    context = null,\n    curve = curveLinear,\n    output = null;\n  x0 = typeof x0 === \"function\" ? x0 : x0 === undefined ? pointX : constant(+x0);\n  y0 = typeof y0 === \"function\" ? y0 : y0 === undefined ? constant(0) : constant(+y0);\n  y1 = typeof y1 === \"function\" ? y1 : y1 === undefined ? pointY : constant(+y1);\n  function area(data) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      n = (data = array(data)).length,\n      d,\n      defined0 = false,\n      buffer,\n      x0z = new Array(n),\n      y0z = new Array(n);\n    if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());\n    for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {\n      if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {\n        if (defined0 = !defined0) {\n          j = i;\n          output.areaStart();\n          output.lineStart();\n        } else {\n          output.lineEnd();\n          output.lineStart();\n          for (k = i - 1; k >= j; --k) {\n            output.point(x0z[k], y0z[k]);\n          }\n          output.lineEnd();\n          output.areaEnd();\n        }\n      }\n      if (defined0) {\n        x0z[i] = +x0(d, i, data), y0z[i] = +y0(d, i, data);\n        output.point(x1 ? +x1(d, i, data) : x0z[i], y1 ? +y1(d, i, data) : y0z[i]);\n      }\n    }\n    if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  function arealine() {\n    return line().defined(defined).curve(curve).context(context);\n  }\n  area.x = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), x1 = null, area) : x0;\n  };\n  area.x0 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : x0;\n  };\n  area.x1 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : x1;\n  };\n  area.y = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), y1 = null, area) : y0;\n  };\n  area.y0 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : y0;\n  };\n  area.y1 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : y1;\n  };\n  area.lineX0 = area.lineY0 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x0).y(y0);\n  };\n  area.lineY1 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x0).y(y1);\n  };\n  area.lineX1 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x1).y(y0);\n  };\n  area.defined = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(!!_), area) : defined;\n  };\n  area.curve = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), area) : curve;\n  };\n  area.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), area) : context;\n  };\n  return area;\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Curve\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { line as shapeLine, area as shapeArea, curveBasisClosed, curveBasisOpen, curveBasis, curveLinearClosed, curveLinear, curveMonotoneX, curveMonotoneY, curveNatural, curveStep, curveStepAfter, curveStepBefore } from 'd3-shape';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { adaptEventHandlers, filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar CURVE_FACTORIES = {\n  curveBasisClosed: curveBasisClosed,\n  curveBasisOpen: curveBasisOpen,\n  curveBasis: curveBasis,\n  curveLinearClosed: curveLinearClosed,\n  curveLinear: curveLinear,\n  curveMonotoneX: curveMonotoneX,\n  curveMonotoneY: curveMonotoneY,\n  curveNatural: curveNatural,\n  curveStep: curveStep,\n  curveStepAfter: curveStepAfter,\n  curveStepBefore: curveStepBefore\n};\nvar defined = function defined(p) {\n  return p.x === +p.x && p.y === +p.y;\n};\nvar getX = function getX(p) {\n  return p.x;\n};\nvar getY = function getY(p) {\n  return p.y;\n};\nvar getCurveFactory = function getCurveFactory(type, layout) {\n  if (_isFunction(type)) {\n    return type;\n  }\n  var name = \"curve\".concat(_upperFirst(type));\n  if (name === 'curveMonotone' && layout) {\n    return CURVE_FACTORIES[\"\".concat(name).concat(layout === 'vertical' ? 'Y' : 'X')];\n  }\n  return CURVE_FACTORIES[name] || curveLinear;\n};\nexport var Curve = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Curve, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Curve);\n  function Curve() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Curve);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Curve, [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Calculate the path of curve\n     * @return {String} path\n     */\n    function getPath() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        type = _this$props.type,\n        points = _this$props.points,\n        baseLine = _this$props.baseLine,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        connectNulls = _this$props.connectNulls;\n      var curveFactory = getCurveFactory(type, layout);\n      var formatPoints = connectNulls ? points.filter(function (entry) {\n        return defined(entry);\n      }) : points;\n      var lineFunction;\n      if (_isArray(baseLine)) {\n        var formatBaseLine = connectNulls ? baseLine.filter(function (base) {\n          return defined(base);\n        }) : baseLine;\n        var areaPoints = formatPoints.map(function (entry, index) {\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            base: formatBaseLine[index]\n          });\n        });\n        if (layout === 'vertical') {\n          lineFunction = shapeArea().y(getY).x1(getX).x0(function (d) {\n            return d.base.x;\n          });\n        } else {\n          lineFunction = shapeArea().x(getX).y1(getY).y0(function (d) {\n            return d.base.y;\n          });\n        }\n        lineFunction.defined(defined).curve(curveFactory);\n        return lineFunction(areaPoints);\n      }\n      if (layout === 'vertical' && isNumber(baseLine)) {\n        lineFunction = shapeArea().y(getY).x1(getX).x0(baseLine);\n      } else if (isNumber(baseLine)) {\n        lineFunction = shapeArea().x(getX).y1(getY).y0(baseLine);\n      } else {\n        lineFunction = shapeLine().x(getX).y(getY);\n      }\n      lineFunction.defined(defined).curve(curveFactory);\n      return lineFunction(formatPoints);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        className = _this$props2.className,\n        points = _this$props2.points,\n        path = _this$props2.path,\n        pathRef = _this$props2.pathRef;\n      if ((!points || !points.length) && !path) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var realPath = points && points.length ? this.getPath() : path;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props), adaptEventHandlers(this.props), {\n        className: classNames('recharts-curve', className),\n        d: realPath,\n        ref: pathRef\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Curve;\n}(PureComponent);\nCurve.defaultProps = {\n  type: 'linear',\n  points: [],\n  connectNulls: false\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Cross\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Cross = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Cross, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Cross);\n  function Cross() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Cross);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Cross, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        x = _this$props.x,\n        y = _this$props.y,\n        width = _this$props.width,\n        height = _this$props.height,\n        top = _this$props.top,\n        left = _this$props.left,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      if (!isNumber(x) || !isNumber(y) || !isNumber(width) || !isNumber(height) || !isNumber(top) || !isNumber(left)) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cross', className),\n        d: Cross.getPath(x, y, width, height, top, left)\n      }));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value: function getPath(x, y, width, height, top, left) {\n      return \"M\".concat(x, \",\").concat(top, \"v\").concat(height, \"M\").concat(left, \",\").concat(y, \"h\").concat(width);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Cross;\n}(PureComponent);\nCross.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  top: 0,\n  left: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0\n};","import _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport { getPercentValue } from './DataUtils';\nimport { parseScale, checkDomainOfScale, getTicksOfScale } from './ChartUtils';\nexport var RADIAN = Math.PI / 180;\nexport var degreeToRadian = function degreeToRadian(angle) {\n  return angle * Math.PI / 180;\n};\nexport var radianToDegree = function radianToDegree(angleInRadian) {\n  return angleInRadian * 180 / Math.PI;\n};\nexport var polarToCartesian = function polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, angle) {\n  return {\n    x: cx + Math.cos(-RADIAN * angle) * radius,\n    y: cy + Math.sin(-RADIAN * angle) * radius\n  };\n};\nexport var getMaxRadius = function getMaxRadius(width, height) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {\n    top: 0,\n    right: 0,\n    bottom: 0,\n    left: 0\n  };\n  return Math.min(Math.abs(width - (offset.left || 0) - (offset.right || 0)), Math.abs(height - (offset.top || 0) - (offset.bottom || 0))) / 2;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the scale function, position, width, height of axes\n * @param  {Object} props     Latest props\n * @param  {Object} axisMap   The configuration of axes\n * @param  {Object} offset    The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {Object} axisType  The type of axes, radius-axis or angle-axis\n * @param  {String} chartName The name of chart\n * @return {Object} Configuration\n */\n\nexport var formatAxisMap = function formatAxisMap(props, axisMap, offset, axisType, chartName) {\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height;\n  var startAngle = props.startAngle,\n    endAngle = props.endAngle;\n  var cx = getPercentValue(props.cx, width, width / 2);\n  var cy = getPercentValue(props.cy, height, height / 2);\n  var maxRadius = getMaxRadius(width, height, offset);\n  var innerRadius = getPercentValue(props.innerRadius, maxRadius, 0);\n  var outerRadius = getPercentValue(props.outerRadius, maxRadius, maxRadius * 0.8);\n  var ids = Object.keys(axisMap);\n  return ids.reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var axis = axisMap[id];\n    var domain = axis.domain,\n      reversed = axis.reversed;\n    var range;\n    if (_isNil(axis.range)) {\n      if (axisType === 'angleAxis') {\n        range = [startAngle, endAngle];\n      } else if (axisType === 'radiusAxis') {\n        range = [innerRadius, outerRadius];\n      }\n      if (reversed) {\n        range = [range[1], range[0]];\n      }\n    } else {\n      range = axis.range;\n      var _range = range;\n      var _range2 = _slicedToArray(_range, 2);\n      startAngle = _range2[0];\n      endAngle = _range2[1];\n    }\n    var _parseScale = parseScale(axis, chartName),\n      realScaleType = _parseScale.realScaleType,\n      scale = _parseScale.scale;\n    scale.domain(domain).range(range);\n    checkDomainOfScale(scale);\n    var ticks = getTicksOfScale(scale, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType\n    }));\n    var finalAxis = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), ticks), {}, {\n      range: range,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      realScaleType: realScaleType,\n      scale: scale,\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius,\n      startAngle: startAngle,\n      endAngle: endAngle\n    });\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, id, finalAxis));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var distanceBetweenPoints = function distanceBetweenPoints(point, anotherPoint) {\n  var x1 = point.x,\n    y1 = point.y;\n  var x2 = anotherPoint.x,\n    y2 = anotherPoint.y;\n  return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x1 - x2, 2) + Math.pow(y1 - y2, 2));\n};\nexport var getAngleOfPoint = function getAngleOfPoint(_ref, _ref2) {\n  var x = _ref.x,\n    y = _ref.y;\n  var cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy;\n  var radius = distanceBetweenPoints({\n    x: x,\n    y: y\n  }, {\n    x: cx,\n    y: cy\n  });\n  if (radius <= 0) {\n    return {\n      radius: radius\n    };\n  }\n  var cos = (x - cx) / radius;\n  var angleInRadian = Math.acos(cos);\n  if (y > cy) {\n    angleInRadian = 2 * Math.PI - angleInRadian;\n  }\n  return {\n    radius: radius,\n    angle: radianToDegree(angleInRadian),\n    angleInRadian: angleInRadian\n  };\n};\nexport var formatAngleOfSector = function formatAngleOfSector(_ref3) {\n  var startAngle = _ref3.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref3.endAngle;\n  var startCnt = Math.floor(startAngle / 360);\n  var endCnt = Math.floor(endAngle / 360);\n  var min = Math.min(startCnt, endCnt);\n  return {\n    startAngle: startAngle - min * 360,\n    endAngle: endAngle - min * 360\n  };\n};\nvar reverseFormatAngleOfSetor = function reverseFormatAngleOfSetor(angle, _ref4) {\n  var startAngle = _ref4.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref4.endAngle;\n  var startCnt = Math.floor(startAngle / 360);\n  var endCnt = Math.floor(endAngle / 360);\n  var min = Math.min(startCnt, endCnt);\n  return angle + min * 360;\n};\nexport var inRangeOfSector = function inRangeOfSector(_ref5, sector) {\n  var x = _ref5.x,\n    y = _ref5.y;\n  var _getAngleOfPoint = getAngleOfPoint({\n      x: x,\n      y: y\n    }, sector),\n    radius = _getAngleOfPoint.radius,\n    angle = _getAngleOfPoint.angle;\n  var innerRadius = sector.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = sector.outerRadius;\n  if (radius < innerRadius || radius > outerRadius) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (radius === 0) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  var _formatAngleOfSector = formatAngleOfSector(sector),\n    startAngle = _formatAngleOfSector.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _formatAngleOfSector.endAngle;\n  var formatAngle = angle;\n  var inRange;\n  if (startAngle <= endAngle) {\n    while (formatAngle > endAngle) {\n      formatAngle -= 360;\n    }\n    while (formatAngle < startAngle) {\n      formatAngle += 360;\n    }\n    inRange = formatAngle >= startAngle && formatAngle <= endAngle;\n  } else {\n    while (formatAngle > startAngle) {\n      formatAngle -= 360;\n    }\n    while (formatAngle < endAngle) {\n      formatAngle += 360;\n    }\n    inRange = formatAngle >= endAngle && formatAngle <= startAngle;\n  }\n  if (inRange) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, sector), {}, {\n      radius: radius,\n      angle: reverseFormatAngleOfSetor(formatAngle, sector)\n    });\n  }\n  return null;\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Sector\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { polarToCartesian, RADIAN } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { getPercentValue, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar getDeltaAngle = function getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle) {\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var deltaAngle = Math.min(Math.abs(endAngle - startAngle), 359.999);\n  return sign * deltaAngle;\n};\nvar getTangentCircle = function getTangentCircle(_ref) {\n  var cx = _ref.cx,\n    cy = _ref.cy,\n    radius = _ref.radius,\n    angle = _ref.angle,\n    sign = _ref.sign,\n    isExternal = _ref.isExternal,\n    cornerRadius = _ref.cornerRadius,\n    cornerIsExternal = _ref.cornerIsExternal;\n  var centerRadius = cornerRadius * (isExternal ? 1 : -1) + radius;\n  var theta = Math.asin(cornerRadius / centerRadius) / RADIAN;\n  var centerAngle = cornerIsExternal ? angle : angle + sign * theta;\n  var center = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, centerRadius, centerAngle); // The coordinate of point which is tangent to the circle\n\n  var circleTangency = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, centerAngle); // The coordinate of point which is tangent to the radius line\n\n  var lineTangencyAngle = cornerIsExternal ? angle - sign * theta : angle;\n  var lineTangency = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, centerRadius * Math.cos(theta * RADIAN), lineTangencyAngle);\n  return {\n    center: center,\n    circleTangency: circleTangency,\n    lineTangency: lineTangency,\n    theta: theta\n  };\n};\nvar getSectorPath = function getSectorPath(_ref2) {\n  var cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref2.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref2.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref2.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref2.endAngle;\n  var angle = getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle); // When the angle of sector equals to 360, star point and end point coincide\n\n  var tempEndAngle = startAngle + angle;\n  var outerStartPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, startAngle);\n  var outerEndPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, tempEndAngle);\n  var path = \"M \".concat(outerStartPoint.x, \",\").concat(outerStartPoint.y, \"\\n    A \").concat(outerRadius, \",\").concat(outerRadius, \",0,\\n    \").concat(+(Math.abs(angle) > 180), \",\").concat(+(startAngle > tempEndAngle), \",\\n    \").concat(outerEndPoint.x, \",\").concat(outerEndPoint.y, \"\\n  \");\n  if (innerRadius > 0) {\n    var innerStartPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, startAngle);\n    var innerEndPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, tempEndAngle);\n    path += \"L \".concat(innerEndPoint.x, \",\").concat(innerEndPoint.y, \"\\n            A \").concat(innerRadius, \",\").concat(innerRadius, \",0,\\n            \").concat(+(Math.abs(angle) > 180), \",\").concat(+(startAngle <= tempEndAngle), \",\\n            \").concat(innerStartPoint.x, \",\").concat(innerStartPoint.y, \" Z\");\n  } else {\n    path += \"L \".concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \" Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nvar getSectorWithCorner = function getSectorWithCorner(_ref3) {\n  var cx = _ref3.cx,\n    cy = _ref3.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref3.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref3.outerRadius,\n    cornerRadius = _ref3.cornerRadius,\n    forceCornerRadius = _ref3.forceCornerRadius,\n    cornerIsExternal = _ref3.cornerIsExternal,\n    startAngle = _ref3.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref3.endAngle;\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var _getTangentCircle = getTangentCircle({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      angle: startAngle,\n      sign: sign,\n      cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n      cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n    }),\n    soct = _getTangentCircle.circleTangency,\n    solt = _getTangentCircle.lineTangency,\n    sot = _getTangentCircle.theta;\n  var _getTangentCircle2 = getTangentCircle({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      angle: endAngle,\n      sign: -sign,\n      cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n      cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n    }),\n    eoct = _getTangentCircle2.circleTangency,\n    eolt = _getTangentCircle2.lineTangency,\n    eot = _getTangentCircle2.theta;\n  var outerArcAngle = cornerIsExternal ? Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) : Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) - sot - eot;\n  if (outerArcAngle < 0) {\n    if (forceCornerRadius) {\n      return \"M \".concat(solt.x, \",\").concat(solt.y, \"\\n        a\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,1,\").concat(cornerRadius * 2, \",0\\n        a\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,1,\").concat(-cornerRadius * 2, \",0\\n      \");\n    }\n    return getSectorPath({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius,\n      startAngle: startAngle,\n      endAngle: endAngle\n    });\n  }\n  var path = \"M \".concat(solt.x, \",\").concat(solt.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(soct.x, \",\").concat(soct.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(outerRadius, \",\").concat(outerRadius, \",0,\").concat(+(outerArcAngle > 180), \",\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eoct.x, \",\").concat(eoct.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eolt.x, \",\").concat(eolt.y, \"\\n  \");\n  if (innerRadius > 0) {\n    var _getTangentCircle3 = getTangentCircle({\n        cx: cx,\n        cy: cy,\n        radius: innerRadius,\n        angle: startAngle,\n        sign: sign,\n        isExternal: true,\n        cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n      }),\n      sict = _getTangentCircle3.circleTangency,\n      silt = _getTangentCircle3.lineTangency,\n      sit = _getTangentCircle3.theta;\n    var _getTangentCircle4 = getTangentCircle({\n        cx: cx,\n        cy: cy,\n        radius: innerRadius,\n        angle: endAngle,\n        sign: -sign,\n        isExternal: true,\n        cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n      }),\n      eict = _getTangentCircle4.circleTangency,\n      eilt = _getTangentCircle4.lineTangency,\n      eit = _getTangentCircle4.theta;\n    var innerArcAngle = cornerIsExternal ? Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) : Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) - sit - eit;\n    if (innerArcAngle < 0 && cornerRadius === 0) {\n      return \"\".concat(path, \"L\").concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \"Z\");\n    }\n    path += \"L\".concat(eilt.x, \",\").concat(eilt.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eict.x, \",\").concat(eict.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(innerRadius, \",\").concat(innerRadius, \",0,\").concat(+(innerArcAngle > 180), \",\").concat(+(sign > 0), \",\").concat(sict.x, \",\").concat(sict.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(silt.x, \",\").concat(silt.y, \"Z\");\n  } else {\n    path += \"L\".concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \"Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nexport var Sector = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Sector, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Sector);\n  function Sector() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Sector);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Sector, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        cx = _this$props.cx,\n        cy = _this$props.cy,\n        innerRadius = _this$props.innerRadius,\n        outerRadius = _this$props.outerRadius,\n        cornerRadius = _this$props.cornerRadius,\n        forceCornerRadius = _this$props.forceCornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal = _this$props.cornerIsExternal,\n        startAngle = _this$props.startAngle,\n        endAngle = _this$props.endAngle,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      if (outerRadius < innerRadius || startAngle === endAngle) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-sector', className);\n      var deltaRadius = outerRadius - innerRadius;\n      var cr = getPercentValue(cornerRadius, deltaRadius, 0, true);\n      var path;\n      if (cr > 0 && Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) < 360) {\n        path = getSectorWithCorner({\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          cornerRadius: Math.min(cr, deltaRadius / 2),\n          forceCornerRadius: forceCornerRadius,\n          cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal,\n          startAngle: startAngle,\n          endAngle: endAngle\n        });\n      } else {\n        path = getSectorPath({\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          startAngle: startAngle,\n          endAngle: endAngle\n        });\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n        className: layerClass,\n        d: path\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Sector;\n}(PureComponent);\nSector.defaultProps = {\n  cx: 0,\n  cy: 0,\n  innerRadius: 0,\n  outerRadius: 0,\n  startAngle: 0,\n  endAngle: 0,\n  cornerRadius: 0,\n  forceCornerRadius: false,\n  cornerIsExternal: false\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Dot\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { adaptEventHandlers, filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Dot = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Dot, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Dot);\n  function Dot() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Dot);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Dot, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        cx = _this$props.cx,\n        cy = _this$props.cy,\n        r = _this$props.r,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-dot', className);\n      if (cx === +cx && cy === +cy && r === +r) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"circle\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props), adaptEventHandlers(this.props), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          r: r\n        }));\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Dot;\n}(PureComponent);","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Rectangle\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport Animate from 'react-smooth';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getRectanglePath = function getRectanglePath(x, y, width, height, radius) {\n  var maxRadius = Math.min(Math.abs(width) / 2, Math.abs(height) / 2);\n  var ySign = height >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var xSign = width >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var clockWise = height >= 0 && width >= 0 || height < 0 && width < 0 ? 1 : 0;\n  var path;\n  if (maxRadius > 0 && radius instanceof Array) {\n    var newRadius = [0, 0, 0, 0];\n    for (var i = 0, len = 4; i < len; i++) {\n      newRadius[i] = radius[i] > maxRadius ? maxRadius : radius[i];\n    }\n    path = \"M\".concat(x, \",\").concat(y + ySign * newRadius[0]);\n    if (newRadius[0] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[0], \",\").concat(newRadius[0], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + xSign * newRadius[0], \",\").concat(y);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + width - xSign * newRadius[1], \",\").concat(y);\n    if (newRadius[1] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[1], \",\").concat(newRadius[1], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + ySign * newRadius[1]);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * newRadius[2]);\n    if (newRadius[2] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[2], \",\").concat(newRadius[2], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x + width - xSign * newRadius[2], \",\").concat(y + height);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + xSign * newRadius[3], \",\").concat(y + height);\n    if (newRadius[3] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[3], \",\").concat(newRadius[3], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * newRadius[3]);\n    }\n    path += 'Z';\n  } else if (maxRadius > 0 && radius === +radius && radius > 0) {\n    var _newRadius = Math.min(maxRadius, radius);\n    path = \"M \".concat(x, \",\").concat(y + ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + width - xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + width - xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y + height, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y + height, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * _newRadius, \" Z\");\n  } else {\n    path = \"M \".concat(x, \",\").concat(y, \" h \").concat(width, \" v \").concat(height, \" h \").concat(-width, \" Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nexport var isInRectangle = function isInRectangle(point, rect) {\n  if (!point || !rect) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var px = point.x,\n    py = point.y;\n  var x = rect.x,\n    y = rect.y,\n    width = rect.width,\n    height = rect.height;\n  if (Math.abs(width) > 0 && Math.abs(height) > 0) {\n    var minX = Math.min(x, x + width);\n    var maxX = Math.max(x, x + width);\n    var minY = Math.min(y, y + height);\n    var maxY = Math.max(y, y + height);\n    return px >= minX && px <= maxX && py >= minY && py <= maxY;\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var Rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Rectangle, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Rectangle);\n  function Rectangle() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Rectangle);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      totalLength: -1\n    };\n    _this.node = void 0;\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Rectangle, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: /* eslint-disable  react/no-did-mount-set-state */\n    function componentDidMount() {\n      if (this.node && this.node.getTotalLength) {\n        try {\n          var totalLength = this.node.getTotalLength();\n          if (totalLength) {\n            this.setState({\n              totalLength: totalLength\n            });\n          }\n        } catch (err) {// calculate total length error\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        x = _this$props.x,\n        y = _this$props.y,\n        width = _this$props.width,\n        height = _this$props.height,\n        radius = _this$props.radius,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      var totalLength = this.state.totalLength;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        animationEasing = _this$props2.animationEasing,\n        animationDuration = _this$props2.animationDuration,\n        animationBegin = _this$props2.animationBegin,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive,\n        isUpdateAnimationActive = _this$props2.isUpdateAnimationActive;\n      if (x !== +x || y !== +y || width !== +width || height !== +height || width === 0 || height === 0) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-rectangle', className);\n      if (!isUpdateAnimationActive) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          d: getRectanglePath(x, y, width, height, radius)\n        }));\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n        canBegin: totalLength > 0,\n        from: {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          x: x,\n          y: y\n        },\n        to: {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          x: x,\n          y: y\n        },\n        duration: animationDuration,\n        animationEasing: animationEasing,\n        isActive: isUpdateAnimationActive\n      }, function (_ref) {\n        var currWidth = _ref.width,\n          currHeight = _ref.height,\n          currX = _ref.x,\n          currY = _ref.y;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n          canBegin: totalLength > 0,\n          from: \"0px \".concat(totalLength === -1 ? 1 : totalLength, \"px\"),\n          to: \"\".concat(totalLength, \"px 0px\"),\n          attributeName: \"strokeDasharray\",\n          begin: animationBegin,\n          duration: animationDuration,\n          isActive: isAnimationActive,\n          easing: animationEasing\n        }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(_this2.props, true), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          d: getRectanglePath(currX, currY, currWidth, currHeight, radius),\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.node = node;\n          }\n        })));\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Rectangle;\n}(PureComponent);\nRectangle.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0,\n  // The radius of border\n  // The radius of four corners when radius is a number\n  // The radius of left-top, right-top, right-bottom, left-bottom when radius is an array\n  radius: 0,\n  isAnimationActive: false,\n  isUpdateAnimationActive: false,\n  animationBegin: 0,\n  animationDuration: 1500,\n  animationEasing: 'ease'\n};","export function shallowEqual(a, b) {\n  /* eslint-disable no-restricted-syntax */\n  for (var key in a) {\n    if ({}.hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && (!{}.hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) || a[key] !== b[key])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  for (var _key in b) {\n    if ({}.hasOwnProperty.call(b, _key) && !{}.hasOwnProperty.call(a, _key)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}","import _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport { Children } from 'react';\nimport { isFragment } from 'react-is';\nimport { isNumber } from './DataUtils';\nimport { shallowEqual } from './ShallowEqual';\nvar REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP = {\n  click: 'onClick',\n  mousedown: 'onMouseDown',\n  mouseup: 'onMouseUp',\n  mouseover: 'onMouseOver',\n  mousemove: 'onMouseMove',\n  mouseout: 'onMouseOut',\n  mouseenter: 'onMouseEnter',\n  mouseleave: 'onMouseLeave',\n  touchcancel: 'onTouchCancel',\n  touchend: 'onTouchEnd',\n  touchmove: 'onTouchMove',\n  touchstart: 'onTouchStart'\n};\nexport var SCALE_TYPES = ['auto', 'linear', 'pow', 'sqrt', 'log', 'identity', 'time', 'band', 'point', 'ordinal', 'quantile', 'quantize', 'utc', 'sequential', 'threshold'];\nexport var LEGEND_TYPES = ['plainline', 'line', 'square', 'rect', 'circle', 'cross', 'diamond', 'star', 'triangle', 'wye', 'none'];\nexport var TOOLTIP_TYPES = ['none'];\n/**\n * Get the display name of a component\n * @param  {Object} Comp Specified Component\n * @return {String}      Display name of Component\n */\n\nexport var getDisplayName = function getDisplayName(Comp) {\n  if (typeof Comp === 'string') {\n    return Comp;\n  }\n  if (!Comp) {\n    return '';\n  }\n  return Comp.displayName || Comp.name || 'Component';\n}; // `toArray` gets called multiple times during the render\n// so we can memoize last invocation (since reference to `children` is the same)\n\nvar lastChildren = null;\nvar lastResult = null;\nexport var toArray = function toArray(children) {\n  if (children === lastChildren && _isArray(lastResult)) {\n    return lastResult;\n  }\n  var result = [];\n  Children.forEach(children, function (child) {\n    if (_isNil(child)) return;\n    if (isFragment(child)) {\n      result = result.concat(toArray(child.props.children));\n    } else {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  });\n  lastResult = result;\n  lastChildren = children;\n  return result;\n};\n/*\n * Find and return all matched children by type. `type` can be a React element class or\n * string\n */\n\nexport var findAllByType = function findAllByType(children, type) {\n  var result = [];\n  var types = [];\n  if (_isArray(type)) {\n    types = type.map(function (t) {\n      return getDisplayName(t);\n    });\n  } else {\n    types = [getDisplayName(type)];\n  }\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child) {\n    var childType = _get(child, 'type.displayName') || _get(child, 'type.name');\n    if (types.indexOf(childType) !== -1) {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  });\n  return result;\n};\n/*\n * Return the first matched child by type, return null otherwise.\n * `type` can be a React element class or string.\n */\n\nexport var findChildByType = function findChildByType(children, type) {\n  var result = findAllByType(children, type);\n  return result && result[0];\n};\n/*\n * Create a new array of children excluding the ones matched the type\n */\n\nexport var withoutType = function withoutType(children, type) {\n  var newChildren = [];\n  var types;\n  if (_isArray(type)) {\n    types = type.map(function (t) {\n      return getDisplayName(t);\n    });\n  } else {\n    types = [getDisplayName(type)];\n  }\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child) {\n    var displayName = _get(child, 'type.displayName');\n    if (displayName && types.indexOf(displayName) !== -1) {\n      return;\n    }\n    newChildren.push(child);\n  });\n  return newChildren;\n};\n/**\n * validate the width and height props of a chart element\n * @param  {Object} el A chart element\n * @return {Boolean}   true If the props width and height are number, and greater than 0\n */\n\nexport var validateWidthHeight = function validateWidthHeight(el) {\n  if (!el || !el.props) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var _el$props = el.props,\n    width = _el$props.width,\n    height = _el$props.height;\n  if (!isNumber(width) || width <= 0 || !isNumber(height) || height <= 0) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nvar SVG_TAGS = ['a', 'altGlyph', 'altGlyphDef', 'altGlyphItem', 'animate', 'animateColor', 'animateMotion', 'animateTransform', 'circle', 'clipPath', 'color-profile', 'cursor', 'defs', 'desc', 'ellipse', 'feBlend', 'feColormatrix', 'feComponentTransfer', 'feComposite', 'feConvolveMatrix', 'feDiffuseLighting', 'feDisplacementMap', 'feDistantLight', 'feFlood', 'feFuncA', 'feFuncB', 'feFuncG', 'feFuncR', 'feGaussianBlur', 'feImage', 'feMerge', 'feMergeNode', 'feMorphology', 'feOffset', 'fePointLight', 'feSpecularLighting', 'feSpotLight', 'feTile', 'feTurbulence', 'filter', 'font', 'font-face', 'font-face-format', 'font-face-name', 'font-face-url', 'foreignObject', 'g', 'glyph', 'glyphRef', 'hkern', 'image', 'line', 'lineGradient', 'marker', 'mask', 'metadata', 'missing-glyph', 'mpath', 'path', 'pattern', 'polygon', 'polyline', 'radialGradient', 'rect', 'script', 'set', 'stop', 'style', 'svg', 'switch', 'symbol', 'text', 'textPath', 'title', 'tref', 'tspan', 'use', 'view', 'vkern'];\nvar isSvgElement = function isSvgElement(child) {\n  return child && child.type && _isString(child.type) && SVG_TAGS.indexOf(child.type) >= 0;\n};\n/**\n * Filter all the svg elements of children\n * @param  {Array} children The children of a react element\n * @return {Array}          All the svg elements\n */\n\nexport var filterSvgElements = function filterSvgElements(children) {\n  var svgElements = [];\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (entry) {\n    if (isSvgElement(entry)) {\n      svgElements.push(entry);\n    }\n  });\n  return svgElements;\n};\n/**\n * Wether props of children changed\n * @param  {Object} nextChildren The latest children\n * @param  {Object} prevChildren The prev children\n * @return {Boolean}             equal or not\n */\n\nexport var isChildrenEqual = function isChildrenEqual(nextChildren, prevChildren) {\n  if (nextChildren === prevChildren) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  var count = Children.count(nextChildren);\n  if (count !== Children.count(prevChildren)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (count === 0) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (count === 1) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define,@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define\n    return isSingleChildEqual(_isArray(nextChildren) ? nextChildren[0] : nextChildren, _isArray(prevChildren) ? prevChildren[0] : prevChildren);\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n    var nextChild = nextChildren[i];\n    var prevChild = prevChildren[i];\n    if (_isArray(nextChild) || _isArray(prevChild)) {\n      if (!isChildrenEqual(nextChild, prevChild)) {\n        return false;\n      } // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define,@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define\n    } else if (!isSingleChildEqual(nextChild, prevChild)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nexport var isSingleChildEqual = function isSingleChildEqual(nextChild, prevChild) {\n  if (_isNil(nextChild) && _isNil(prevChild)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (!_isNil(nextChild) && !_isNil(prevChild)) {\n    var _ref = nextChild.props || {},\n      nextChildren = _ref.children,\n      nextProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"children\"]);\n    var _ref2 = prevChild.props || {},\n      prevChildren = _ref2.children,\n      prevProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref2, [\"children\"]);\n    if (nextChildren && prevChildren) {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define\n      return shallowEqual(nextProps, prevProps) && isChildrenEqual(nextChildren, prevChildren);\n    }\n    if (!nextChildren && !prevChildren) {\n      return shallowEqual(nextProps, prevProps);\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var renderByOrder = function renderByOrder(children, renderMap) {\n  var elements = [];\n  var record = {};\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child, index) {\n    if (isSvgElement(child)) {\n      elements.push(child);\n    } else if (child) {\n      var displayName = getDisplayName(child.type);\n      var _ref3 = renderMap[displayName] || {},\n        handler = _ref3.handler,\n        once = _ref3.once;\n      if (handler && (!once || !record[displayName])) {\n        var results = handler(child, displayName, index);\n        elements.push(results);\n        record[displayName] = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n  return elements;\n};\nexport var getReactEventByType = function getReactEventByType(e) {\n  var type = e && e.type;\n  if (type && REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP[type]) {\n    return REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP[type];\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var parseChildIndex = function parseChildIndex(child, children) {\n  return toArray(children).indexOf(child);\n};","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nimport { Global } from './Global';\nvar stringCache = {\n  widthCache: {},\n  cacheCount: 0\n};\nvar MAX_CACHE_NUM = 2000;\nvar SPAN_STYLE = {\n  position: 'absolute',\n  top: '-20000px',\n  left: 0,\n  padding: 0,\n  margin: 0,\n  border: 'none',\n  whiteSpace: 'pre'\n};\nvar STYLE_LIST = ['minWidth', 'maxWidth', 'width', 'minHeight', 'maxHeight', 'height', 'top', 'left', 'fontSize', 'lineHeight', 'padding', 'margin', 'paddingLeft', 'paddingRight', 'paddingTop', 'paddingBottom', 'marginLeft', 'marginRight', 'marginTop', 'marginBottom'];\nvar MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID = 'recharts_measurement_span';\nfunction autoCompleteStyle(name, value) {\n  if (STYLE_LIST.indexOf(name) >= 0 && value === +value) {\n    return \"\".concat(value, \"px\");\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction camelToMiddleLine(text) {\n  var strs = text.split('');\n  var formatStrs = strs.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    if (entry === entry.toUpperCase()) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), ['-', entry.toLowerCase()]);\n    }\n    return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), [entry]);\n  }, []);\n  return formatStrs.join('');\n}\nexport var getStyleString = function getStyleString(style) {\n  return Object.keys(style).reduce(function (result, s) {\n    return \"\".concat(result).concat(camelToMiddleLine(s), \":\").concat(autoCompleteStyle(s, style[s]), \";\");\n  }, '');\n};\nexport var getStringSize = function getStringSize(text) {\n  var style = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  if (text === undefined || text === null || Global.isSsr) {\n    return {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n  var str = \"\".concat(text);\n  var styleString = getStyleString(style);\n  var cacheKey = \"\".concat(str, \"-\").concat(styleString);\n  if (stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey]) {\n    return stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey];\n  }\n  try {\n    var measurementSpan = document.getElementById(MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID);\n    if (!measurementSpan) {\n      measurementSpan = document.createElement('span');\n      measurementSpan.setAttribute('id', MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID);\n      measurementSpan.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');\n      document.body.appendChild(measurementSpan);\n    } // Need to use CSS Object Model (CSSOM) to be able to comply with Content Security Policy (CSP)\n    // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy\n\n    var measurementSpanStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, SPAN_STYLE), style);\n    Object.keys(measurementSpanStyle).map(function (styleKey) {\n      measurementSpan.style[styleKey] = measurementSpanStyle[styleKey];\n      return styleKey;\n    });\n    measurementSpan.textContent = str;\n    var rect = measurementSpan.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var result = {\n      width: rect.width,\n      height: rect.height\n    };\n    stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey] = result;\n    if (++stringCache.cacheCount > MAX_CACHE_NUM) {\n      stringCache.cacheCount = 0;\n      stringCache.widthCache = {};\n    }\n    return result;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n};\nexport var getOffset = function getOffset(el) {\n  var html = el.ownerDocument.documentElement;\n  var box = {\n    top: 0,\n    left: 0\n  }; // If we don't have gBCR, just use 0,0 rather than error\n  // BlackBerry 5, iOS 3 (original iPhone)\n\n  if (typeof el.getBoundingClientRect !== 'undefined') {\n    box = el.getBoundingClientRect();\n  }\n  return {\n    top: box.top + window.pageYOffset - html.clientTop,\n    left: box.left + window.pageXOffset - html.clientLeft\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Calculate coordinate of cursor in chart\n * @param  {Object} event  Event object\n * @param  {Object} offset The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @return {Object}        {chartX, chartY}\n */\n\nexport var calculateChartCoordinate = function calculateChartCoordinate(event, offset) {\n  return {\n    chartX: Math.round(event.pageX - offset.left),\n    chartY: Math.round(event.pageY - offset.top)\n  };\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport React, { Component } from 'react';\nimport reduceCSSCalc from 'reduce-css-calc';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumber, isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { getStringSize } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nvar BREAKING_SPACES = /[ \\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\u2028\\u2029]+/;\nvar calculateWordWidths = function calculateWordWidths(props) {\n  try {\n    var words = [];\n    if (!_isNil(props.children)) {\n      if (props.breakAll) {\n        words = props.children.toString().split('');\n      } else {\n        words = props.children.toString().split(BREAKING_SPACES);\n      }\n    }\n    var wordsWithComputedWidth = words.map(function (word) {\n      return {\n        word: word,\n        width: getStringSize(word, props.style).width\n      };\n    });\n    var spaceWidth = props.breakAll ? 0 : getStringSize(\"\\xA0\", props.style).width;\n    return {\n      wordsWithComputedWidth: wordsWithComputedWidth,\n      spaceWidth: spaceWidth\n    };\n  } catch (e) {\n    return null;\n  }\n};\nvar calculateWordsByLines = function calculateWordsByLines(props, initialWordsWithComputedWith, spaceWidth, lineWidth, scaleToFit) {\n  var shouldLimitLines = isNumber(props.maxLines);\n  var text = props.children;\n  var calculate = function calculate() {\n    var words = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : [];\n    return words.reduce(function (result, _ref) {\n      var word = _ref.word,\n        width = _ref.width;\n      var currentLine = result[result.length - 1];\n      if (currentLine && (lineWidth == null || scaleToFit || currentLine.width + width + spaceWidth < lineWidth)) {\n        // Word can be added to an existing line\n        currentLine.words.push(word);\n        currentLine.width += width + spaceWidth;\n      } else {\n        // Add first word to line or word is too long to scaleToFit on existing line\n        var newLine = {\n          words: [word],\n          width: width\n        };\n        result.push(newLine);\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, []);\n  };\n  var originalResult = calculate(initialWordsWithComputedWith);\n  var findLongestLine = function findLongestLine(words) {\n    return words.reduce(function (a, b) {\n      return a.width > b.width ? a : b;\n    });\n  };\n  if (!shouldLimitLines) {\n    return originalResult;\n  }\n  var suffix = '…';\n  var checkOverflow = function checkOverflow(index) {\n    var tempText = text.slice(0, index);\n    var words = calculateWordWidths(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n      children: tempText + suffix\n    })).wordsWithComputedWidth;\n    var result = calculate(words);\n    var doesOverflow = result.length > props.maxLines || findLongestLine(result).width > lineWidth;\n    return [doesOverflow, result];\n  };\n  var start = 0;\n  var end = text.length - 1;\n  var iterations = 0;\n  var trimmedResult;\n  while (start <= end && iterations <= text.length - 1) {\n    var middle = Math.floor((start + end) / 2);\n    var prev = middle - 1;\n    var _checkOverflow = checkOverflow(prev),\n      _checkOverflow2 = _slicedToArray(_checkOverflow, 2),\n      doesPrevOverflow = _checkOverflow2[0],\n      result = _checkOverflow2[1];\n    var _checkOverflow3 = checkOverflow(middle),\n      _checkOverflow4 = _slicedToArray(_checkOverflow3, 1),\n      doesMiddleOverflow = _checkOverflow4[0];\n    if (!doesPrevOverflow && !doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      start = middle + 1;\n    }\n    if (doesPrevOverflow && doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      end = middle - 1;\n    }\n    if (!doesPrevOverflow && doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      trimmedResult = result;\n      break;\n    }\n    iterations++;\n  } // Fallback to originalResult (result without trimming) if we cannot find the\n  // where to trim.  This should not happen :tm:\n\n  return trimmedResult || originalResult;\n};\nvar getWordsWithoutCalculate = function getWordsWithoutCalculate(children) {\n  var words = !_isNil(children) ? children.toString().split(BREAKING_SPACES) : [];\n  return [{\n    words: words\n  }];\n};\nvar getWordsByLines = function getWordsByLines(props, needCalculate) {\n  // Only perform calculations if using features that require them (multiline, scaleToFit)\n  if ((props.width || props.scaleToFit) && !Global.isSsr) {\n    var wordsWithComputedWidth, spaceWidth;\n    if (needCalculate) {\n      var wordWidths = calculateWordWidths(props);\n      if (wordWidths) {\n        var wcw = wordWidths.wordsWithComputedWidth,\n          sw = wordWidths.spaceWidth;\n        wordsWithComputedWidth = wcw;\n        spaceWidth = sw;\n      } else {\n        return getWordsWithoutCalculate(props.children);\n      }\n      return calculateWordsByLines(props, wordsWithComputedWidth, spaceWidth, props.width, props.scaleToFit);\n    }\n  }\n  return getWordsWithoutCalculate(props.children);\n};\nexport var Text = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(Text, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Text);\n  function Text() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Text);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {};\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Text, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        dx = _this$props.dx,\n        dy = _this$props.dy,\n        textAnchor = _this$props.textAnchor,\n        verticalAnchor = _this$props.verticalAnchor,\n        scaleToFit = _this$props.scaleToFit,\n        angle = _this$props.angle,\n        lineHeight = _this$props.lineHeight,\n        capHeight = _this$props.capHeight,\n        className = _this$props.className,\n        breakAll = _this$props.breakAll,\n        textProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props, [\"dx\", \"dy\", \"textAnchor\", \"verticalAnchor\", \"scaleToFit\", \"angle\", \"lineHeight\", \"capHeight\", \"className\", \"breakAll\"]);\n      var wordsByLines = this.state.wordsByLines;\n      if (!isNumOrStr(textProps.x) || !isNumOrStr(textProps.y)) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var x = textProps.x + (isNumber(dx) ? dx : 0);\n      var y = textProps.y + (isNumber(dy) ? dy : 0);\n      var startDy;\n      switch (verticalAnchor) {\n        case 'start':\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat(capHeight, \")\"));\n          break;\n        case 'middle':\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat((wordsByLines.length - 1) / 2, \" * -\").concat(lineHeight, \" + (\").concat(capHeight, \" / 2))\"));\n          break;\n        default:\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat(wordsByLines.length - 1, \" * -\").concat(lineHeight, \")\"));\n          break;\n      }\n      var transforms = [];\n      if (scaleToFit) {\n        var lineWidth = wordsByLines[0].width;\n        var width = this.props.width;\n        transforms.push(\"scale(\".concat((isNumber(width) ? width / lineWidth : 1) / lineWidth, \")\"));\n      }\n      if (angle) {\n        transforms.push(\"rotate(\".concat(angle, \", \").concat(x, \", \").concat(y, \")\"));\n      }\n      if (transforms.length) {\n        textProps.transform = transforms.join(' ');\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"text\", _extends({}, filterProps(textProps, true), {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        className: classNames('recharts-text', className),\n        textAnchor: textAnchor\n      }), wordsByLines.map(function (line, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n          React.createElement(\"tspan\", {\n            x: x,\n            dy: index === 0 ? startDy : lineHeight,\n            key: index\n          }, line.words.join(breakAll ? '' : ' '))\n        );\n      }));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      if (nextProps.width !== prevState.prevWidth || nextProps.scaleToFit !== prevState.prevScaleToFit || nextProps.children !== prevState.prevChildren || nextProps.style !== prevState.prevStyle || nextProps.breakAll !== prevState.prevBreakAll) {\n        var needCalculate = nextProps.children !== prevState.prevChildren || nextProps.style !== prevState.prevStyle || nextProps.breakAll !== prevState.prevBreakAll;\n        return {\n          prevWidth: nextProps.width,\n          prevScaleToFit: nextProps.scaleToFit,\n          prevChildren: nextProps.children,\n          prevStyle: nextProps.style,\n          wordsByLines: getWordsByLines(nextProps, needCalculate)\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Text;\n}(Component);\nText.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  lineHeight: '1em',\n  capHeight: '0.71em',\n  // Magic number from d3\n  scaleToFit: false,\n  textAnchor: 'start',\n  verticalAnchor: 'end' // Maintain compat with existing charts / default SVG behavior\n};","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nimport React, { cloneElement, isValidElement, createElement } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Text } from './Text';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { isNumOrStr, isNumber, isPercent, getPercentValue, uniqueId, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { polarToCartesian } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getLabel = function getLabel(props) {\n  var value = props.value,\n    formatter = props.formatter;\n  var label = _isNil(props.children) ? value : props.children;\n  if (_isFunction(formatter)) {\n    return formatter(label);\n  }\n  return label;\n};\nvar getDeltaAngle = function getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle) {\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var deltaAngle = Math.min(Math.abs(endAngle - startAngle), 360);\n  return sign * deltaAngle;\n};\nvar renderRadialLabel = function renderRadialLabel(labelProps, label, attrs) {\n  var position = labelProps.position,\n    viewBox = labelProps.viewBox,\n    offset = labelProps.offset,\n    className = labelProps.className;\n  var _ref = viewBox,\n    cx = _ref.cx,\n    cy = _ref.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref.endAngle,\n    clockWise = _ref.clockWise;\n  var radius = (innerRadius + outerRadius) / 2;\n  var deltaAngle = getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle);\n  var sign = deltaAngle >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var labelAngle, direction;\n  if (position === 'insideStart') {\n    labelAngle = startAngle + sign * offset;\n    direction = clockWise;\n  } else if (position === 'insideEnd') {\n    labelAngle = endAngle - sign * offset;\n    direction = !clockWise;\n  } else if (position === 'end') {\n    labelAngle = endAngle + sign * offset;\n    direction = clockWise;\n  }\n  direction = deltaAngle <= 0 ? direction : !direction;\n  var startPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, labelAngle);\n  var endPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, labelAngle + (direction ? 1 : -1) * 359);\n  var path = \"M\".concat(startPoint.x, \",\").concat(startPoint.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(radius, \",\").concat(radius, \",0,1,\").concat(direction ? 0 : 1, \",\\n    \").concat(endPoint.x, \",\").concat(endPoint.y);\n  var id = _isNil(labelProps.id) ? uniqueId('recharts-radial-line-') : labelProps.id;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"text\", _extends({}, attrs, {\n    dominantBaseline: \"central\",\n    className: classNames('recharts-radial-bar-label', className)\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n    id: id,\n    d: path\n  })), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"textPath\", {\n    xlinkHref: \"#\".concat(id)\n  }, label));\n};\nvar getAttrsOfPolarLabel = function getAttrsOfPolarLabel(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    offset = props.offset,\n    position = props.position;\n  var _ref2 = viewBox,\n    cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref2.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref2.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref2.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref2.endAngle;\n  var midAngle = (startAngle + endAngle) / 2;\n  if (position === 'outside') {\n    var _polarToCartesian = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius + offset, midAngle),\n      _x = _polarToCartesian.x,\n      _y = _polarToCartesian.y;\n    return {\n      x: _x,\n      y: _y,\n      textAnchor: _x >= cx ? 'start' : 'end',\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'center') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'centerTop') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'start'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'centerBottom') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'end'\n    };\n  }\n  var r = (innerRadius + outerRadius) / 2;\n  var _polarToCartesian2 = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, r, midAngle),\n    x = _polarToCartesian2.x,\n    y = _polarToCartesian2.y;\n  return {\n    x: x,\n    y: y,\n    textAnchor: 'middle',\n    verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n  };\n};\nvar getAttrsOfCartesianLabel = function getAttrsOfCartesianLabel(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    parentViewBox = props.parentViewBox,\n    offset = props.offset,\n    position = props.position;\n  var _ref3 = viewBox,\n    x = _ref3.x,\n    y = _ref3.y,\n    width = _ref3.width,\n    height = _ref3.height; // Define vertical offsets and position inverts based on the value being positive or negative\n\n  var verticalSign = height >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var verticalOffset = verticalSign * offset;\n  var verticalEnd = verticalSign > 0 ? 'end' : 'start';\n  var verticalStart = verticalSign > 0 ? 'start' : 'end'; // Define horizontal offsets and position inverts based on the value being positive or negative\n\n  var horizontalSign = width >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var horizontalOffset = horizontalSign * offset;\n  var horizontalEnd = horizontalSign > 0 ? 'end' : 'start';\n  var horizontalStart = horizontalSign > 0 ? 'start' : 'end';\n  if (position === 'top') {\n    var attrs = {\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y - verticalSign * offset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, attrs), parentViewBox ? {\n      height: Math.max(y - parentViewBox.y, 0),\n      width: width\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'bottom') {\n    var _attrs = {\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + height + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs), parentViewBox ? {\n      height: Math.max(parentViewBox.y + parentViewBox.height - (y + height), 0),\n      width: width\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'left') {\n    var _attrs2 = {\n      x: x - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs2), parentViewBox ? {\n      width: Math.max(_attrs2.x - parentViewBox.x, 0),\n      height: height\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'right') {\n    var _attrs3 = {\n      x: x + width + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs3), parentViewBox ? {\n      width: Math.max(parentViewBox.x + parentViewBox.width - _attrs3.x, 0),\n      height: height\n    } : {});\n  }\n  var sizeAttrs = parentViewBox ? {\n    width: width,\n    height: height\n  } : {};\n  if (position === 'insideLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTop') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottom') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTopLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTopRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottomLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottomRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (_isObject(position) && (isNumber(position.x) || isPercent(position.x)) && (isNumber(position.y) || isPercent(position.y))) {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + getPercentValue(position.x, width),\n      y: y + getPercentValue(position.y, height),\n      textAnchor: 'end',\n      verticalAnchor: 'end'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  return _objectSpread({\n    x: x + width / 2,\n    y: y + height / 2,\n    textAnchor: 'middle',\n    verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n  }, sizeAttrs);\n};\nvar isPolar = function isPolar(viewBox) {\n  return isNumber(viewBox.cx);\n};\nexport function Label(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    position = props.position,\n    value = props.value,\n    children = props.children,\n    content = props.content,\n    _props$className = props.className,\n    className = _props$className === void 0 ? '' : _props$className,\n    textBreakAll = props.textBreakAll;\n  if (!viewBox || _isNil(value) && _isNil(children) && ! /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(content) && !_isFunction(content)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  var label;\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    label = /*#__PURE__*/createElement(content, props);\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(label)) {\n      return label;\n    }\n  } else {\n    label = getLabel(props);\n  }\n  var isPolarLabel = isPolar(viewBox);\n  var attrs = filterProps(props, true);\n  if (isPolarLabel && (position === 'insideStart' || position === 'insideEnd' || position === 'end')) {\n    return renderRadialLabel(props, label, attrs);\n  }\n  var positionAttrs = isPolarLabel ? getAttrsOfPolarLabel(props) : getAttrsOfCartesianLabel(props);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n    className: classNames('recharts-label', className)\n  }, attrs, positionAttrs, {\n    breakAll: textBreakAll\n  }), label);\n}\nLabel.displayName = 'Label';\nLabel.defaultProps = {\n  offset: 5\n};\nvar parseViewBox = function parseViewBox(props) {\n  var cx = props.cx,\n    cy = props.cy,\n    angle = props.angle,\n    startAngle = props.startAngle,\n    endAngle = props.endAngle,\n    r = props.r,\n    radius = props.radius,\n    innerRadius = props.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = props.outerRadius,\n    x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    top = props.top,\n    left = props.left,\n    width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    clockWise = props.clockWise,\n    labelViewBox = props.labelViewBox;\n  if (labelViewBox) {\n    return labelViewBox;\n  }\n  if (isNumber(width) && isNumber(height)) {\n    if (isNumber(x) && isNumber(y)) {\n      return {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      };\n    }\n    if (isNumber(top) && isNumber(left)) {\n      return {\n        x: top,\n        y: left,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  if (isNumber(x) && isNumber(y)) {\n    return {\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n  if (isNumber(cx) && isNumber(cy)) {\n    return {\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      startAngle: startAngle || angle || 0,\n      endAngle: endAngle || angle || 0,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius || 0,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius || radius || r || 0,\n      clockWise: clockWise\n    };\n  }\n  if (props.viewBox) {\n    return props.viewBox;\n  }\n  return {};\n};\nvar parseLabel = function parseLabel(label, viewBox) {\n  if (!label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (label === true) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (isNumOrStr(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      viewBox: viewBox,\n      value: label\n    });\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(label)) {\n    if (label.type === Label) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(label, {\n        key: 'label-implicit',\n        viewBox: viewBox\n      });\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      content: label,\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      content: label,\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isObject(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, _extends({\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    }, label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nvar renderCallByParent = function renderCallByParent(parentProps, viewBox) {\n  var checkPropsLabel = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  if (!parentProps || !parentProps.children && checkPropsLabel && !parentProps.label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var children = parentProps.children;\n  var parentViewBox = parseViewBox(parentProps);\n  var explicitChildren = findAllByType(children, Label.displayName).map(function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(child, {\n      viewBox: viewBox || parentViewBox,\n      key: \"label-\".concat(index)\n    });\n  });\n  if (!checkPropsLabel) {\n    return explicitChildren;\n  }\n  var implicitLabel = parseLabel(parentProps.label, viewBox || parentViewBox);\n  return [implicitLabel].concat(_toConsumableArray(explicitChildren));\n};\nLabel.parseViewBox = parseViewBox;\nLabel.renderCallByParent = renderCallByParent;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Cartesian Axis\n */\nimport React, { Component } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { shallowEqual } from '../util/ShallowEqual';\nimport { getStringSize } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Text } from '../component/Text';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { isNumber, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nexport var CartesianAxis = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(CartesianAxis, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(CartesianAxis);\n  function CartesianAxis(props) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, CartesianAxis);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props);\n    _this.layerReference = void 0;\n    _this.state = {\n      fontSize: '',\n      letterSpacing: ''\n    };\n    return _this;\n  } // todo Array<Tick>\n\n  _createClass(CartesianAxis, [{\n    key: \"shouldComponentUpdate\",\n    value: function shouldComponentUpdate(_ref, nextState) {\n      var viewBox = _ref.viewBox,\n        restProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"viewBox\"]);\n\n      // props.viewBox is sometimes generated every time -\n      // check that specially as object equality is likely to fail\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        viewBoxOld = _this$props.viewBox,\n        restPropsOld = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props, [\"viewBox\"]);\n      return !shallowEqual(viewBox, viewBoxOld) || !shallowEqual(restProps, restPropsOld) || !shallowEqual(nextState, this.state);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      var htmlLayer = this.layerReference;\n      if (!htmlLayer) return;\n      var tick = htmlLayer.getElementsByClassName('recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-value')[0];\n      if (tick) {\n        this.setState({\n          fontSize: window.getComputedStyle(tick).fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: window.getComputedStyle(tick).letterSpacing\n        });\n      }\n    }\n    /**\n     * Calculate the coordinates of endpoints in ticks\n     * @param  {Object} data The data of a simple tick\n     * @return {Object} (x1, y1): The coordinate of endpoint close to tick text\n     *  (x2, y2): The coordinate of endpoint close to axis\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickLineCoord\",\n    value: function getTickLineCoord(data) {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props2.x,\n        y = _this$props2.y,\n        width = _this$props2.width,\n        height = _this$props2.height,\n        orientation = _this$props2.orientation,\n        tickSize = _this$props2.tickSize,\n        mirror = _this$props2.mirror,\n        tickMargin = _this$props2.tickMargin;\n      var x1, x2, y1, y2, tx, ty;\n      var sign = mirror ? -1 : 1;\n      var finalTickSize = data.tickSize || tickSize;\n      var tickCoord = isNumber(data.tickCoord) ? data.tickCoord : data.coordinate;\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'top':\n          x1 = x2 = data.coordinate;\n          y2 = y + +!mirror * height;\n          y1 = y2 - sign * finalTickSize;\n          ty = y1 - sign * tickMargin;\n          tx = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        case 'left':\n          y1 = y2 = data.coordinate;\n          x2 = x + +!mirror * width;\n          x1 = x2 - sign * finalTickSize;\n          tx = x1 - sign * tickMargin;\n          ty = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        case 'right':\n          y1 = y2 = data.coordinate;\n          x2 = x + +mirror * width;\n          x1 = x2 + sign * finalTickSize;\n          tx = x1 + sign * tickMargin;\n          ty = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        default:\n          x1 = x2 = data.coordinate;\n          y2 = y + +mirror * height;\n          y1 = y2 + sign * finalTickSize;\n          ty = y1 + sign * tickMargin;\n          tx = tickCoord;\n          break;\n      }\n      return {\n        line: {\n          x1: x1,\n          y1: y1,\n          x2: x2,\n          y2: y2\n        },\n        tick: {\n          x: tx,\n          y: ty\n        }\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickTextAnchor\",\n    value: function getTickTextAnchor() {\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        orientation = _this$props3.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props3.mirror;\n      var textAnchor;\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'left':\n          textAnchor = mirror ? 'start' : 'end';\n          break;\n        case 'right':\n          textAnchor = mirror ? 'end' : 'start';\n          break;\n        default:\n          textAnchor = 'middle';\n          break;\n      }\n      return textAnchor;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickVerticalAnchor\",\n    value: function getTickVerticalAnchor() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        orientation = _this$props4.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props4.mirror;\n      var verticalAnchor = 'end';\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'left':\n        case 'right':\n          verticalAnchor = 'middle';\n          break;\n        case 'top':\n          verticalAnchor = mirror ? 'start' : 'end';\n          break;\n        default:\n          verticalAnchor = mirror ? 'end' : 'start';\n          break;\n      }\n      return verticalAnchor;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderAxisLine\",\n    value: function renderAxisLine() {\n      var _this$props5 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props5.x,\n        y = _this$props5.y,\n        width = _this$props5.width,\n        height = _this$props5.height,\n        orientation = _this$props5.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props5.mirror,\n        axisLine = _this$props5.axisLine;\n      var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(this.props)), filterProps(axisLine)), {}, {\n        fill: 'none'\n      });\n      if (orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom') {\n        var needHeight = +(orientation === 'top' && !mirror || orientation === 'bottom' && mirror);\n        props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n          x1: x,\n          y1: y + needHeight * height,\n          x2: x + width,\n          y2: y + needHeight * height\n        });\n      } else {\n        var needWidth = +(orientation === 'left' && !mirror || orientation === 'right' && mirror);\n        props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n          x1: x + needWidth * width,\n          y1: y,\n          x2: x + needWidth * width,\n          y2: y + height\n        });\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, props, {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis-line', _get(axisLine, 'className'))\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTicks\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * render the ticks\n     * @param {Array} ticks The ticks to actually render (overrides what was passed in props)\n     * @param {string} fontSize Fontsize to consider for tick spacing\n     * @param {string} letterSpacing Letterspacing to consider for tick spacing\n     * @return {ReactComponent} renderedTicks\n     */\n    function renderTicks(ticks, fontSize, letterSpacing) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props6 = this.props,\n        tickLine = _this$props6.tickLine,\n        stroke = _this$props6.stroke,\n        tick = _this$props6.tick,\n        tickFormatter = _this$props6.tickFormatter,\n        unit = _this$props6.unit;\n      var finalTicks = CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        ticks: ticks\n      }), fontSize, letterSpacing);\n      var textAnchor = this.getTickTextAnchor();\n      var verticalAnchor = this.getTickVerticalAnchor();\n      var axisProps = filterProps(this.props);\n      var customTickProps = filterProps(tick);\n      var tickLineProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisProps), {}, {\n        fill: 'none'\n      }, filterProps(tickLine));\n      var items = finalTicks.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var _this2$getTickLineCoo = _this2.getTickLineCoord(entry),\n          lineCoord = _this2$getTickLineCoo.line,\n          tickCoord = _this2$getTickLineCoo.tick;\n        var tickProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          textAnchor: textAnchor,\n          verticalAnchor: verticalAnchor\n        }, axisProps), {}, {\n          stroke: 'none',\n          fill: stroke\n        }, customTickProps), tickCoord), {}, {\n          index: i,\n          payload: entry,\n          visibleTicksCount: finalTicks.length,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n          className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-tick\",\n          key: \"tick-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this2.props, entry, i)), tickLine && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, tickLineProps, lineCoord, {\n          className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-line', _get(tickLine, 'className'))\n        })), tick && CartesianAxis.renderTickItem(tick, tickProps, \"\".concat(_isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, i) : entry.value).concat(unit || '')));\n      });\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"g\", {\n        className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-ticks\"\n      }, items);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var _this$props7 = this.props,\n        axisLine = _this$props7.axisLine,\n        width = _this$props7.width,\n        height = _this$props7.height,\n        ticksGenerator = _this$props7.ticksGenerator,\n        className = _this$props7.className,\n        hide = _this$props7.hide;\n      if (hide) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var _this$props8 = this.props,\n        ticks = _this$props8.ticks,\n        noTicksProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props8, [\"ticks\"]);\n      var finalTicks = ticks;\n      if (_isFunction(ticksGenerator)) {\n        finalTicks = ticks && ticks.length > 0 ? ticksGenerator(this.props) : ticksGenerator(noTicksProps);\n      }\n      if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || !finalTicks || !finalTicks.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis', className),\n        ref: function ref(_ref2) {\n          _this3.layerReference = _ref2;\n        }\n      }, axisLine && this.renderAxisLine(), this.renderTicks(finalTicks, this.state.fontSize, this.state.letterSpacing), Label.renderCallByParent(this.props));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getTicks\",\n    value: function getTicks(props, fontSize, letterSpacing) {\n      var tick = props.tick,\n        ticks = props.ticks,\n        viewBox = props.viewBox,\n        minTickGap = props.minTickGap,\n        orientation = props.orientation,\n        interval = props.interval,\n        tickFormatter = props.tickFormatter,\n        unit = props.unit;\n      if (!ticks || !ticks.length || !tick) {\n        return [];\n      }\n      if (isNumber(interval) || Global.isSsr) {\n        return CartesianAxis.getNumberIntervalTicks(ticks, typeof interval === 'number' && isNumber(interval) ? interval : 0);\n      }\n      if (interval === 'preserveStartEnd') {\n        return CartesianAxis.getTicksStart({\n          ticks: ticks,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          orientation: orientation,\n          minTickGap: minTickGap,\n          unit: unit,\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        }, true);\n      }\n      if (interval === 'preserveStart') {\n        return CartesianAxis.getTicksStart({\n          ticks: ticks,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          orientation: orientation,\n          minTickGap: minTickGap,\n          unit: unit,\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        });\n      }\n      return CartesianAxis.getTicksEnd({\n        ticks: ticks,\n        tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n        viewBox: viewBox,\n        orientation: orientation,\n        minTickGap: minTickGap,\n        unit: unit,\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getNumberIntervalTicks\",\n    value: function getNumberIntervalTicks(ticks, interval) {\n      return ticks.filter(function (entry, i) {\n        return i % (interval + 1) === 0;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTicksStart\",\n    value: function getTicksStart(_ref3, preserveEnd) {\n      var ticks = _ref3.ticks,\n        tickFormatter = _ref3.tickFormatter,\n        viewBox = _ref3.viewBox,\n        orientation = _ref3.orientation,\n        minTickGap = _ref3.minTickGap,\n        unit = _ref3.unit,\n        fontSize = _ref3.fontSize,\n        letterSpacing = _ref3.letterSpacing;\n      var x = viewBox.x,\n        y = viewBox.y,\n        width = viewBox.width,\n        height = viewBox.height;\n      var sizeKey = orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom' ? 'width' : 'height';\n      var result = (ticks || []).slice(); // we need add the width of 'unit' only when sizeKey === 'width'\n\n      var unitSize = unit && sizeKey === 'width' ? getStringSize(unit, {\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      })[sizeKey] : 0;\n      var len = result.length;\n      var sign = len >= 2 ? mathSign(result[1].coordinate - result[0].coordinate) : 1;\n      var start, end;\n      if (sign === 1) {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n      } else {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n      }\n      if (preserveEnd) {\n        // Try to guarantee the tail to be displayed\n        var tail = ticks[len - 1];\n        var tailContent = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(tail.value, len - 1) : tail.value;\n        var tailSize = getStringSize(tailContent, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        var tailGap = sign * (tail.coordinate + sign * tailSize / 2 - end);\n        result[len - 1] = tail = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, tail), {}, {\n          tickCoord: tailGap > 0 ? tail.coordinate - tailGap * sign : tail.coordinate\n        });\n        var isTailShow = sign * (tail.tickCoord - sign * tailSize / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (tail.tickCoord + sign * tailSize / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isTailShow) {\n          end = tail.tickCoord - sign * (tailSize / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[len - 1] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, tail), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      var count = preserveEnd ? len - 1 : len;\n      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n        var entry = result[i];\n        var content = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, i) : entry.value;\n        var size = getStringSize(content, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        if (i === 0) {\n          var gap = sign * (entry.coordinate - sign * size / 2 - start);\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: gap < 0 ? entry.coordinate - gap * sign : entry.coordinate\n          });\n        } else {\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: entry.coordinate\n          });\n        }\n        var isShow = sign * (entry.tickCoord - sign * size / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (entry.tickCoord + sign * size / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isShow) {\n          start = entry.tickCoord + sign * (size / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[i] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      return result.filter(function (entry) {\n        return entry.isShow;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTicksEnd\",\n    value: function getTicksEnd(_ref4) {\n      var ticks = _ref4.ticks,\n        tickFormatter = _ref4.tickFormatter,\n        viewBox = _ref4.viewBox,\n        orientation = _ref4.orientation,\n        minTickGap = _ref4.minTickGap,\n        unit = _ref4.unit,\n        fontSize = _ref4.fontSize,\n        letterSpacing = _ref4.letterSpacing;\n      var x = viewBox.x,\n        y = viewBox.y,\n        width = viewBox.width,\n        height = viewBox.height;\n      var sizeKey = orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom' ? 'width' : 'height'; // we need add the width of 'unit' only when sizeKey === 'width'\n\n      var unitSize = unit && sizeKey === 'width' ? getStringSize(unit, {\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      })[sizeKey] : 0;\n      var result = (ticks || []).slice();\n      var len = result.length;\n      var sign = len >= 2 ? mathSign(result[1].coordinate - result[0].coordinate) : 1;\n      var start, end;\n      if (sign === 1) {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n      } else {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n      }\n      for (var i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        var entry = result[i];\n        var content = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, len - i - 1) : entry.value;\n        var size = getStringSize(content, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        if (i === len - 1) {\n          var gap = sign * (entry.coordinate + sign * size / 2 - end);\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: gap > 0 ? entry.coordinate - gap * sign : entry.coordinate\n          });\n        } else {\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: entry.coordinate\n          });\n        }\n        var isShow = sign * (entry.tickCoord - sign * size / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (entry.tickCoord + sign * size / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isShow) {\n          end = entry.tickCoord - sign * (size / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[i] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      return result.filter(function (entry) {\n        return entry.isShow;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTickItem\",\n    value: function renderTickItem(option, props, value) {\n      var tickItem;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        tickItem = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        tickItem = option(props);\n      } else {\n        tickItem = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({}, props, {\n          className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-value\"\n        }), value);\n      }\n      return tickItem;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return CartesianAxis;\n}(Component);\nCartesianAxis.displayName = 'CartesianAxis';\nCartesianAxis.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0,\n  viewBox: {\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0,\n    width: 0,\n    height: 0\n  },\n  // The orientation of axis\n  orientation: 'bottom',\n  // The ticks\n  ticks: [],\n  stroke: '#666',\n  tickLine: true,\n  axisLine: true,\n  tick: true,\n  mirror: false,\n  minTickGap: 5,\n  // The width or height of tick\n  tickSize: 6,\n  tickMargin: 2,\n  interval: 'preserveEnd'\n};","export default function (start, stop, step) {\n  start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step;\n  var i = -1,\n    n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0,\n    range = new Array(n);\n  while (++i < n) {\n    range[i] = start + i * step;\n  }\n  return range;\n}","export function initRange(domain, range) {\n  switch (arguments.length) {\n    case 0:\n      break;\n    case 1:\n      this.range(domain);\n      break;\n    default:\n      this.range(range).domain(domain);\n      break;\n  }\n  return this;\n}\nexport function initInterpolator(domain, interpolator) {\n  switch (arguments.length) {\n    case 0:\n      break;\n    case 1:\n      {\n        if (typeof domain === \"function\") this.interpolator(domain);else this.range(domain);\n        break;\n      }\n    default:\n      {\n        this.domain(domain);\n        if (typeof interpolator === \"function\") this.interpolator(interpolator);else this.range(interpolator);\n        break;\n      }\n  }\n  return this;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport var implicit = Symbol(\"implicit\");\nexport default function ordinal() {\n  var index = new Map(),\n    domain = [],\n    range = [],\n    unknown = implicit;\n  function scale(d) {\n    var key = d + \"\",\n      i = index.get(key);\n    if (!i) {\n      if (unknown !== implicit) return unknown;\n      index.set(key, i = domain.push(d));\n    }\n    return range[(i - 1) % range.length];\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [], index = new Map();\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        var key = value + \"\";\n        if (index.has(key)) continue;\n        index.set(key, domain.push(value));\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    return scale;\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return ordinal(domain, range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { range as sequence } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport ordinal from \"./ordinal.js\";\nexport default function band() {\n  var scale = ordinal().unknown(undefined),\n    domain = scale.domain,\n    ordinalRange = scale.range,\n    r0 = 0,\n    r1 = 1,\n    step,\n    bandwidth,\n    round = false,\n    paddingInner = 0,\n    paddingOuter = 0,\n    align = 0.5;\n  delete scale.unknown;\n  function rescale() {\n    var n = domain().length,\n      reverse = r1 < r0,\n      start = reverse ? r1 : r0,\n      stop = reverse ? r0 : r1;\n    step = (stop - start) / Math.max(1, n - paddingInner + paddingOuter * 2);\n    if (round) step = Math.floor(step);\n    start += (stop - start - step * (n - paddingInner)) * align;\n    bandwidth = step * (1 - paddingInner);\n    if (round) start = Math.round(start), bandwidth = Math.round(bandwidth);\n    var values = sequence(n).map(function (i) {\n      return start + step * i;\n    });\n    return ordinalRange(reverse ? values.reverse() : values);\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref[0], r1 = _ref[1]), r0 = +r0, r1 = +r1, rescale()) : [r0, r1];\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    var _ref2;\n    return (_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1]), r0 = +r0, r1 = +r1, round = true, rescale();\n  };\n  scale.bandwidth = function () {\n    return bandwidth;\n  };\n  scale.step = function () {\n    return step;\n  };\n  scale.round = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (round = !!_, rescale()) : round;\n  };\n  scale.padding = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = Math.min(1, paddingOuter = +_), rescale()) : paddingInner;\n  };\n  scale.paddingInner = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = Math.min(1, _), rescale()) : paddingInner;\n  };\n  scale.paddingOuter = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingOuter = +_, rescale()) : paddingOuter;\n  };\n  scale.align = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (align = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : align;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return band(domain(), [r0, r1]).round(round).paddingInner(paddingInner).paddingOuter(paddingOuter).align(align);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(rescale(), arguments);\n}\nfunction pointish(scale) {\n  var copy = scale.copy;\n  scale.padding = scale.paddingOuter;\n  delete scale.paddingInner;\n  delete scale.paddingOuter;\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return pointish(copy());\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport function point() {\n  return pointish(band.apply(null, arguments).paddingInner(1));\n}","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nvar identity = function identity(i) {\n  return i;\n};\nexport var PLACE_HOLDER = {\n  '@@functional/placeholder': true\n};\nvar isPlaceHolder = function isPlaceHolder(val) {\n  return val === PLACE_HOLDER;\n};\nvar curry0 = function curry0(fn) {\n  return function _curried() {\n    if (arguments.length === 0 || arguments.length === 1 && isPlaceHolder(arguments.length <= 0 ? undefined : arguments[0])) {\n      return _curried;\n    }\n    return fn.apply(void 0, arguments);\n  };\n};\nvar curryN = function curryN(n, fn) {\n  if (n === 1) {\n    return fn;\n  }\n  return curry0(function () {\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    var argsLength = args.filter(function (arg) {\n      return arg !== PLACE_HOLDER;\n    }).length;\n    if (argsLength >= n) {\n      return fn.apply(void 0, args);\n    }\n    return curryN(n - argsLength, curry0(function () {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, restArgs = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        restArgs[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      var newArgs = args.map(function (arg) {\n        return isPlaceHolder(arg) ? restArgs.shift() : arg;\n      });\n      return fn.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(newArgs).concat(restArgs));\n    }));\n  });\n};\nexport var curry = function curry(fn) {\n  return curryN(fn.length, fn);\n};\nexport var range = function range(begin, end) {\n  var arr = [];\n  for (var i = begin; i < end; ++i) {\n    arr[i - begin] = i;\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\nexport var map = curry(function (fn, arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) {\n    return arr.map(fn);\n  }\n  return Object.keys(arr).map(function (key) {\n    return arr[key];\n  }).map(fn);\n});\nexport var compose = function compose() {\n  for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n    args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n  }\n  if (!args.length) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  var fns = args.reverse(); // first function can receive multiply arguments\n\n  var firstFn = fns[0];\n  var tailsFn = fns.slice(1);\n  return function () {\n    return tailsFn.reduce(function (res, fn) {\n      return fn(res);\n    }, firstFn.apply(void 0, arguments));\n  };\n};\nexport var reverse = function reverse(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) {\n    return arr.reverse();\n  } // can be string\n\n  return arr.split('').reverse.join('');\n};\nexport var memoize = function memoize(fn) {\n  var lastArgs = null;\n  var lastResult = null;\n  return function () {\n    for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n      args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n    }\n    if (lastArgs && args.every(function (val, i) {\n      return val === lastArgs[i];\n    })) {\n      return lastResult;\n    }\n    lastArgs = args;\n    lastResult = fn.apply(void 0, args);\n    return lastResult;\n  };\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview 一些公用的运算方法\n * @author xile611\n * @date 2015-09-17\n */\nimport Decimal from 'decimal.js-light';\nimport { curry } from './utils';\n/**\n * 获取数值的位数\n * 其中绝对值属于区间[0.1, 1)， 得到的值为0\n * 绝对值属于区间[0.01, 0.1)，得到的位数为 -1\n * 绝对值属于区间[0.001, 0.01)，得到的位数为 -2\n *\n * @param  {Number} value 数值\n * @return {Integer} 位数\n */\n\nfunction getDigitCount(value) {\n  var result;\n  if (value === 0) {\n    result = 1;\n  } else {\n    result = Math.floor(new Decimal(value).abs().log(10).toNumber()) + 1;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * 按照固定的步长获取[start, end)这个区间的数据\n * 并且需要处理js计算精度的问题\n *\n * @param  {Decimal} start 起点\n * @param  {Decimal} end   终点，不包含该值\n * @param  {Decimal} step  步长\n * @return {Array}         若干数值\n */\n\nfunction rangeStep(start, end, step) {\n  var num = new Decimal(start);\n  var i = 0;\n  var result = []; // magic number to prevent infinite loop\n\n  while (num.lt(end) && i < 100000) {\n    result.push(num.toNumber());\n    num = num.add(step);\n    i++;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * 对数值进行线性插值\n *\n * @param  {Number} a  定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b  定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} t  [0, 1]内的某个值\n * @return {Number}    定义域内的某个值\n */\n\nvar interpolateNumber = curry(function (a, b, t) {\n  var newA = +a;\n  var newB = +b;\n  return newA + t * (newB - newA);\n});\n/**\n * 线性插值的逆运算\n *\n * @param  {Number} a 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} x 可以认为是插值后的一个输出值\n * @return {Number}   当x在 a ~ b这个范围内时，返回值属于[0, 1]\n */\n\nvar uninterpolateNumber = curry(function (a, b, x) {\n  var diff = b - +a;\n  diff = diff || Infinity;\n  return (x - a) / diff;\n});\n/**\n * 线性插值的逆运算，并且有截断的操作\n *\n * @param  {Number} a 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} x 可以认为是插值后的一个输出值\n * @return {Number}   当x在 a ~ b这个区间内时，返回值属于[0, 1]，\n * 当x不在 a ~ b这个区间时，会截断到 a ~ b 这个区间\n */\n\nvar uninterpolateTruncation = curry(function (a, b, x) {\n  var diff = b - +a;\n  diff = diff || Infinity;\n  return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (x - a) / diff));\n});\nexport default {\n  rangeStep: rangeStep,\n  getDigitCount: getDigitCount,\n  interpolateNumber: interpolateNumber,\n  uninterpolateNumber: uninterpolateNumber,\n  uninterpolateTruncation: uninterpolateTruncation\n};","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview calculate tick values of scale\n * @author xile611, arcthur\n * @date 2015-09-17\n */\nimport Decimal from 'decimal.js-light';\nimport { compose, range, memoize, map, reverse } from './util/utils';\nimport Arithmetic from './util/arithmetic';\n/**\n * Calculate a interval of a minimum value and a maximum value\n *\n * @param  {Number} min       The minimum value\n * @param  {Number} max       The maximum value\n * @return {Array} An interval\n */\n\nfunction getValidInterval(_ref) {\n  var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n    min = _ref2[0],\n    max = _ref2[1];\n  var validMin = min,\n    validMax = max; // exchange\n\n  if (min > max) {\n    validMin = max;\n    validMax = min;\n  }\n  return [validMin, validMax];\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the step which is easy to understand between ticks, like 10, 20, 25\n *\n * @param  {Decimal} roughStep        The rough step calculated by deviding the\n * difference by the tickCount\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals    Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @param  {Integer} correctionFactor A correction factor\n * @return {Decimal} The step which is easy to understand between two ticks\n */\n\nfunction getFormatStep(roughStep, allowDecimals, correctionFactor) {\n  if (roughStep.lte(0)) {\n    return new Decimal(0);\n  }\n  var digitCount = Arithmetic.getDigitCount(roughStep.toNumber()); // The ratio between the rough step and the smallest number which has a bigger\n  // order of magnitudes than the rough step\n\n  var digitCountValue = new Decimal(10).pow(digitCount);\n  var stepRatio = roughStep.div(digitCountValue); // When an integer and a float multiplied, the accuracy of result may be wrong\n\n  var stepRatioScale = digitCount !== 1 ? 0.05 : 0.1;\n  var amendStepRatio = new Decimal(Math.ceil(stepRatio.div(stepRatioScale).toNumber())).add(correctionFactor).mul(stepRatioScale);\n  var formatStep = amendStepRatio.mul(digitCountValue);\n  return allowDecimals ? formatStep : new Decimal(Math.ceil(formatStep));\n}\n/**\n * calculate the ticks when the minimum value equals to the maximum value\n *\n * @param  {Number}  value         The minimum valuue which is also the maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}                 ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickOfSingleValue(value, tickCount, allowDecimals) {\n  var step = 1; // calculate the middle value of ticks\n\n  var middle = new Decimal(value);\n  if (!middle.isint() && allowDecimals) {\n    var absVal = Math.abs(value);\n    if (absVal < 1) {\n      // The step should be a float number when the difference is smaller than 1\n      step = new Decimal(10).pow(Arithmetic.getDigitCount(value) - 1);\n      middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(middle.div(step).toNumber())).mul(step);\n    } else if (absVal > 1) {\n      // Return the maximum integer which is smaller than 'value' when 'value' is greater than 1\n      middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(value));\n    }\n  } else if (value === 0) {\n    middle = new Decimal(Math.floor((tickCount - 1) / 2));\n  } else if (!allowDecimals) {\n    middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(value));\n  }\n  var middleIndex = Math.floor((tickCount - 1) / 2);\n  var fn = compose(map(function (n) {\n    return middle.add(new Decimal(n - middleIndex).mul(step)).toNumber();\n  }), range);\n  return fn(0, tickCount);\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the step\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min              The minimum value of an interval\n * @param  {Number}  max              The maximum value of an interval\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount        The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals    Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @param  {Number}  correctionFactor A correction factor\n * @return {Object}  The step, minimum value of ticks, maximum value of ticks\n */\n\nfunction calculateStep(min, max, tickCount, allowDecimals) {\n  var correctionFactor = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : 0;\n\n  // dirty hack (for recharts' test)\n  if (!Number.isFinite((max - min) / (tickCount - 1))) {\n    return {\n      step: new Decimal(0),\n      tickMin: new Decimal(0),\n      tickMax: new Decimal(0)\n    };\n  } // The step which is easy to understand between two ticks\n\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(max).sub(min).div(tickCount - 1), allowDecimals, correctionFactor); // A medial value of ticks\n\n  var middle; // When 0 is inside the interval, 0 should be a tick\n\n  if (min <= 0 && max >= 0) {\n    middle = new Decimal(0);\n  } else {\n    // calculate the middle value\n    middle = new Decimal(min).add(max).div(2); // minus modulo value\n\n    middle = middle.sub(new Decimal(middle).mod(step));\n  }\n  var belowCount = Math.ceil(middle.sub(min).div(step).toNumber());\n  var upCount = Math.ceil(new Decimal(max).sub(middle).div(step).toNumber());\n  var scaleCount = belowCount + upCount + 1;\n  if (scaleCount > tickCount) {\n    // When more ticks need to cover the interval, step should be bigger.\n    return calculateStep(min, max, tickCount, allowDecimals, correctionFactor + 1);\n  }\n  if (scaleCount < tickCount) {\n    // When less ticks can cover the interval, we should add some additional ticks\n    upCount = max > 0 ? upCount + (tickCount - scaleCount) : upCount;\n    belowCount = max > 0 ? belowCount : belowCount + (tickCount - scaleCount);\n  }\n  return {\n    step: step,\n    tickMin: middle.sub(new Decimal(belowCount).mul(step)),\n    tickMax: middle.add(new Decimal(upCount).mul(step))\n  };\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks will be guraranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getNiceTickValuesFn(_ref3) {\n  var _ref4 = _slicedToArray(_ref3, 2),\n    min = _ref4[0],\n    max = _ref4[1];\n  var tickCount = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 6;\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var _getValidInterval = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval2 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval2[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval2[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    var _values = cormax === Infinity ? [cormin].concat(_toConsumableArray(range(0, tickCount - 1).map(function () {\n      return Infinity;\n    }))) : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(range(0, tickCount - 1).map(function () {\n      return -Infinity;\n    })), [cormax]);\n    return min > max ? reverse(_values) : _values;\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return getTickOfSingleValue(cormin, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n  } // Get the step between two ticks\n\n  var _calculateStep = calculateStep(cormin, cormax, count, allowDecimals),\n    step = _calculateStep.step,\n    tickMin = _calculateStep.tickMin,\n    tickMax = _calculateStep.tickMax;\n  var values = Arithmetic.rangeStep(tickMin, tickMax.add(new Decimal(0.1).mul(step)), step);\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks won't be guraranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickValuesFn(_ref5) {\n  var _ref6 = _slicedToArray(_ref5, 2),\n    min = _ref6[0],\n    max = _ref6[1];\n  var tickCount = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 6;\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var _getValidInterval3 = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval4 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval3, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval4[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval4[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    return [min, max];\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return getTickOfSingleValue(cormin, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n  }\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(cormax).sub(cormin).div(count - 1), allowDecimals, 0);\n  var fn = compose(map(function (n) {\n    return new Decimal(cormin).add(new Decimal(n).mul(step)).toNumber();\n  }), range);\n  var values = fn(0, count).filter(function (entry) {\n    return entry >= cormin && entry <= cormax;\n  });\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks won't be guraranteed,\n * but the domain will be guaranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickValuesFixedDomainFn(_ref7, tickCount) {\n  var _ref8 = _slicedToArray(_ref7, 2),\n    min = _ref8[0],\n    max = _ref8[1];\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var _getValidInterval5 = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval6 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval5, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval6[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval6[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    return [min, max];\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return [cormin];\n  }\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(cormax).sub(cormin).div(count - 1), allowDecimals, 0);\n  var values = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(Arithmetic.rangeStep(new Decimal(cormin), new Decimal(cormax).sub(new Decimal(0.99).mul(step)), step)), [cormax]);\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\nexport var getNiceTickValues = memoize(getNiceTickValuesFn);\nexport var getTickValues = memoize(getTickValuesFn);\nexport var getTickValuesFixedDomain = memoize(getTickValuesFixedDomainFn);","var e10 = Math.sqrt(50),\n  e5 = Math.sqrt(10),\n  e2 = Math.sqrt(2);\nexport default function (start, stop, count) {\n  var reverse,\n    i = -1,\n    n,\n    ticks,\n    step;\n  stop = +stop, start = +start, count = +count;\n  if (start === stop && count > 0) return [start];\n  if (reverse = stop < start) n = start, start = stop, stop = n;\n  if ((step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count)) === 0 || !isFinite(step)) return [];\n  if (step > 0) {\n    var r0 = Math.round(start / step),\n      r1 = Math.round(stop / step);\n    if (r0 * step < start) ++r0;\n    if (r1 * step > stop) --r1;\n    ticks = new Array(n = r1 - r0 + 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      ticks[i] = (r0 + i) * step;\n    }\n  } else {\n    step = -step;\n    var _r = Math.round(start * step),\n      _r2 = Math.round(stop * step);\n    if (_r / step < start) ++_r;\n    if (_r2 / step > stop) --_r2;\n    ticks = new Array(n = _r2 - _r + 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      ticks[i] = (_r + i) / step;\n    }\n  }\n  if (reverse) ticks.reverse();\n  return ticks;\n}\nexport function tickIncrement(start, stop, count) {\n  var step = (stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),\n    power = Math.floor(Math.log(step) / Math.LN10),\n    error = step / Math.pow(10, power);\n  return power >= 0 ? (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1) * Math.pow(10, power) : -Math.pow(10, -power) / (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1);\n}\nexport function tickStep(start, stop, count) {\n  var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),\n    step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)),\n    error = step0 / step1;\n  if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10;else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5;else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2;\n  return stop < start ? -step1 : step1;\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\nexport default function (f) {\n  var delta = f;\n  var compare = f;\n  if (f.length === 1) {\n    delta = function delta(d, x) {\n      return f(d) - x;\n    };\n    compare = ascendingComparator(f);\n  }\n  function left(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    while (lo < hi) {\n      var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;\n      if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;else hi = mid;\n    }\n    return lo;\n  }\n  function right(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    while (lo < hi) {\n      var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;\n      if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;else lo = mid + 1;\n    }\n    return lo;\n  }\n  function center(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    var i = left(a, x, lo, hi - 1);\n    return i > lo && delta(a[i - 1], x) > -delta(a[i], x) ? i - 1 : i;\n  }\n  return {\n    left: left,\n    center: center,\n    right: right\n  };\n}\nfunction ascendingComparator(f) {\n  return function (d, x) {\n    return ascending(f(d), x);\n  };\n}","import _regeneratorRuntime from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/regenerator/index.js\";\nvar _marked = /*#__PURE__*/_regeneratorRuntime.mark(numbers);\nfunction _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function (x) {\n  return x === null ? NaN : +x;\n}\nexport function numbers(values, valueof) {\n  var _iterator, _step, value, index, _iterator2, _step2, _value;\n  return _regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function numbers$(_context) {\n    while (1) {\n      switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {\n        case 0:\n          if (!(valueof === undefined)) {\n            _context.next = 21;\n            break;\n          }\n          _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);\n          _context.prev = 2;\n          _iterator.s();\n        case 4:\n          if ((_step = _iterator.n()).done) {\n            _context.next = 11;\n            break;\n          }\n          value = _step.value;\n          if (!(value != null && (value = +value) >= value)) {\n            _context.next = 9;\n            break;\n          }\n          _context.next = 9;\n          return value;\n        case 9:\n          _context.next = 4;\n          break;\n        case 11:\n          _context.next = 16;\n          break;\n        case 13:\n          _context.prev = 13;\n          _context.t0 = _context[\"catch\"](2);\n          _iterator.e(_context.t0);\n        case 16:\n          _context.prev = 16;\n          _iterator.f();\n          return _context.finish(16);\n        case 19:\n          _context.next = 40;\n          break;\n        case 21:\n          index = -1;\n          _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);\n          _context.prev = 23;\n          _iterator2.s();\n        case 25:\n          if ((_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done) {\n            _context.next = 32;\n            break;\n          }\n          _value = _step2.value;\n          if (!((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (_value = +_value) >= _value)) {\n            _context.next = 30;\n            break;\n          }\n          _context.next = 30;\n          return _value;\n        case 30:\n          _context.next = 25;\n          break;\n        case 32:\n          _context.next = 37;\n          break;\n        case 34:\n          _context.prev = 34;\n          _context.t1 = _context[\"catch\"](23);\n          _iterator2.e(_context.t1);\n        case 37:\n          _context.prev = 37;\n          _iterator2.f();\n          return _context.finish(37);\n        case 40:\n        case \"end\":\n          return _context.stop();\n      }\n    }\n  }, _marked, null, [[2, 13, 16, 19], [23, 34, 37, 40]]);\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\nimport bisector from \"./bisector.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nvar ascendingBisect = bisector(ascending);\nexport var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right;\nexport var bisectLeft = ascendingBisect.left;\nexport var bisectCenter = bisector(number).center;\nexport default bisectRight;","export default function (constructor, factory, prototype) {\n  constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype;\n  prototype.constructor = constructor;\n}\nexport function extend(parent, definition) {\n  var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);\n  for (var key in definition) {\n    prototype[key] = definition[key];\n  }\n  return prototype;\n}","import define, { extend } from \"./define.js\";\nexport function Color() {}\nvar _darker = 0.7;\nexport { _darker as darker };\nvar _brighter = 1 / _darker;\nexport { _brighter as brighter };\nvar reI = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d+)\\\\s*\",\n  reN = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d*\\\\.?\\\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\\\d+)?)\\\\s*\",\n  reP = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d*\\\\.?\\\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\\\d+)?)%\\\\s*\",\n  reHex = /^#([0-9a-f]{3,8})$/,\n  reRgbInteger = new RegExp(\"^rgb\\\\(\" + [reI, reI, reI] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbPercent = new RegExp(\"^rgb\\\\(\" + [reP, reP, reP] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbaInteger = new RegExp(\"^rgba\\\\(\" + [reI, reI, reI, reN] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbaPercent = new RegExp(\"^rgba\\\\(\" + [reP, reP, reP, reN] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reHslPercent = new RegExp(\"^hsl\\\\(\" + [reN, reP, reP] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reHslaPercent = new RegExp(\"^hsla\\\\(\" + [reN, reP, reP, reN] + \"\\\\)$\");\nvar named = {\n  aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,\n  antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,\n  aqua: 0x00ffff,\n  aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,\n  azure: 0xf0ffff,\n  beige: 0xf5f5dc,\n  bisque: 0xffe4c4,\n  black: 0x000000,\n  blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,\n  blue: 0x0000ff,\n  blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,\n  brown: 0xa52a2a,\n  burlywood: 0xdeb887,\n  cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,\n  chartreuse: 0x7fff00,\n  chocolate: 0xd2691e,\n  coral: 0xff7f50,\n  cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,\n  cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,\n  crimson: 0xdc143c,\n  cyan: 0x00ffff,\n  darkblue: 0x00008b,\n  darkcyan: 0x008b8b,\n  darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,\n  darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,\n  darkgreen: 0x006400,\n  darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,\n  darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,\n  darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,\n  darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,\n  darkorange: 0xff8c00,\n  darkorchid: 0x9932cc,\n  darkred: 0x8b0000,\n  darksalmon: 0xe9967a,\n  darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,\n  darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,\n  darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,\n  darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,\n  darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,\n  darkviolet: 0x9400d3,\n  deeppink: 0xff1493,\n  deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,\n  dimgray: 0x696969,\n  dimgrey: 0x696969,\n  dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,\n  firebrick: 0xb22222,\n  floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,\n  forestgreen: 0x228b22,\n  fuchsia: 0xff00ff,\n  gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,\n  ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,\n  gold: 0xffd700,\n  goldenrod: 0xdaa520,\n  gray: 0x808080,\n  green: 0x008000,\n  greenyellow: 0xadff2f,\n  grey: 0x808080,\n  honeydew: 0xf0fff0,\n  hotpink: 0xff69b4,\n  indianred: 0xcd5c5c,\n  indigo: 0x4b0082,\n  ivory: 0xfffff0,\n  khaki: 0xf0e68c,\n  lavender: 0xe6e6fa,\n  lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,\n  lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,\n  lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,\n  lightblue: 0xadd8e6,\n  lightcoral: 0xf08080,\n  lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,\n  lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,\n  lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,\n  lightgreen: 0x90ee90,\n  lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,\n  lightpink: 0xffb6c1,\n  lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,\n  lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,\n  lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,\n  lightslategray: 0x778899,\n  lightslategrey: 0x778899,\n  lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,\n  lightyellow: 0xffffe0,\n  lime: 0x00ff00,\n  limegreen: 0x32cd32,\n  linen: 0xfaf0e6,\n  magenta: 0xff00ff,\n  maroon: 0x800000,\n  mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,\n  mediumblue: 0x0000cd,\n  mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,\n  mediumpurple: 0x9370db,\n  mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,\n  mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,\n  mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,\n  mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,\n  mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,\n  midnightblue: 0x191970,\n  mintcream: 0xf5fffa,\n  mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,\n  moccasin: 0xffe4b5,\n  navajowhite: 0xffdead,\n  navy: 0x000080,\n  oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,\n  olive: 0x808000,\n  olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,\n  orange: 0xffa500,\n  orangered: 0xff4500,\n  orchid: 0xda70d6,\n  palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,\n  palegreen: 0x98fb98,\n  paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,\n  palevioletred: 0xdb7093,\n  papayawhip: 0xffefd5,\n  peachpuff: 0xffdab9,\n  peru: 0xcd853f,\n  pink: 0xffc0cb,\n  plum: 0xdda0dd,\n  powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,\n  purple: 0x800080,\n  rebeccapurple: 0x663399,\n  red: 0xff0000,\n  rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,\n  royalblue: 0x4169e1,\n  saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,\n  salmon: 0xfa8072,\n  sandybrown: 0xf4a460,\n  seagreen: 0x2e8b57,\n  seashell: 0xfff5ee,\n  sienna: 0xa0522d,\n  silver: 0xc0c0c0,\n  skyblue: 0x87ceeb,\n  slateblue: 0x6a5acd,\n  slategray: 0x708090,\n  slategrey: 0x708090,\n  snow: 0xfffafa,\n  springgreen: 0x00ff7f,\n  steelblue: 0x4682b4,\n  tan: 0xd2b48c,\n  teal: 0x008080,\n  thistle: 0xd8bfd8,\n  tomato: 0xff6347,\n  turquoise: 0x40e0d0,\n  violet: 0xee82ee,\n  wheat: 0xf5deb3,\n  white: 0xffffff,\n  whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,\n  yellow: 0xffff00,\n  yellowgreen: 0x9acd32\n};\ndefine(Color, color, {\n  copy: function copy(channels) {\n    return Object.assign(new this.constructor(), this, channels);\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return this.rgb().displayable();\n  },\n  hex: color_formatHex,\n  // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.\n  formatHex: color_formatHex,\n  formatHsl: color_formatHsl,\n  formatRgb: color_formatRgb,\n  toString: color_formatRgb\n});\nfunction color_formatHex() {\n  return this.rgb().formatHex();\n}\nfunction color_formatHsl() {\n  return hslConvert(this).formatHsl();\n}\nfunction color_formatRgb() {\n  return this.rgb().formatRgb();\n}\nexport default function color(format) {\n  var m, l;\n  format = (format + \"\").trim().toLowerCase();\n  return (m = reHex.exec(format)) ? (l = m[1].length, m = parseInt(m[1], 16), l === 6 ? rgbn(m) // #ff0000\n  : l === 3 ? new Rgb(m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, (m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf, 1) // #f00\n  : l === 8 ? rgba(m >> 24 & 0xff, m >> 16 & 0xff, m >> 8 & 0xff, (m & 0xff) / 0xff) // #ff000000\n  : l === 4 ? rgba(m >> 12 & 0xf | m >> 8 & 0xf0, m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, ((m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf) / 0xff) // #f000\n  : null // invalid hex\n  ) : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0)\n  : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)\n  : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)\n  : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1)\n  : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%)\n  : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1)\n  : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format]) // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins\n  : format === \"transparent\" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0) : null;\n}\nfunction rgbn(n) {\n  return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1);\n}\nfunction rgba(r, g, b, a) {\n  if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN;\n  return new Rgb(r, g, b, a);\n}\nexport function rgbConvert(o) {\n  if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);\n  if (!o) return new Rgb();\n  o = o.rgb();\n  return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity);\n}\nexport function rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {\n  return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);\n}\nexport function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {\n  this.r = +r;\n  this.g = +g;\n  this.b = +b;\n  this.opacity = +opacity;\n}\ndefine(Rgb, rgb, extend(Color, {\n  brighter: function brighter(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);\n    return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  darker: function darker(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);\n    return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  rgb: function rgb() {\n    return this;\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return -0.5 <= this.r && this.r < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.g && this.g < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.b && this.b < 255.5 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;\n  },\n  hex: rgb_formatHex,\n  // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.\n  formatHex: rgb_formatHex,\n  formatRgb: rgb_formatRgb,\n  toString: rgb_formatRgb\n}));\nfunction rgb_formatHex() {\n  return \"#\" + hex(this.r) + hex(this.g) + hex(this.b);\n}\nfunction rgb_formatRgb() {\n  var a = this.opacity;\n  a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));\n  return (a === 1 ? \"rgb(\" : \"rgba(\") + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + \", \" + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + \", \" + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0)) + (a === 1 ? \")\" : \", \" + a + \")\");\n}\nfunction hex(value) {\n  value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(value) || 0));\n  return (value < 16 ? \"0\" : \"\") + value.toString(16);\n}\nfunction hsla(h, s, l, a) {\n  if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN;else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN;else if (s <= 0) h = NaN;\n  return new Hsl(h, s, l, a);\n}\nexport function hslConvert(o) {\n  if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);\n  if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);\n  if (!o) return new Hsl();\n  if (o instanceof Hsl) return o;\n  o = o.rgb();\n  var r = o.r / 255,\n    g = o.g / 255,\n    b = o.b / 255,\n    min = Math.min(r, g, b),\n    max = Math.max(r, g, b),\n    h = NaN,\n    s = max - min,\n    l = (max + min) / 2;\n  if (s) {\n    if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6;else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2;else h = (r - g) / s + 4;\n    s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min;\n    h *= 60;\n  } else {\n    s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;\n  }\n  return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity);\n}\nexport function hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {\n  return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);\n}\nfunction Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {\n  this.h = +h;\n  this.s = +s;\n  this.l = +l;\n  this.opacity = +opacity;\n}\ndefine(Hsl, hsl, extend(Color, {\n  brighter: function brighter(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);\n    return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  darker: function darker(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);\n    return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  rgb: function rgb() {\n    var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360,\n      s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s,\n      l = this.l,\n      m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s,\n      m1 = 2 * l - m2;\n    return new Rgb(hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2), this.opacity);\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s)) && 0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;\n  },\n  formatHsl: function formatHsl() {\n    var a = this.opacity;\n    a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));\n    return (a === 1 ? \"hsl(\" : \"hsla(\") + (this.h || 0) + \", \" + (this.s || 0) * 100 + \"%, \" + (this.l || 0) * 100 + \"%\" + (a === 1 ? \")\" : \", \" + a + \")\");\n  }\n}));\n\n/* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */\nfunction hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) {\n  return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60 : h < 180 ? m2 : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60 : m1) * 255;\n}","export function basis(t1, v0, v1, v2, v3) {\n  var t2 = t1 * t1,\n    t3 = t2 * t1;\n  return ((1 - 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - t3) * v0 + (4 - 6 * t2 + 3 * t3) * v1 + (1 + 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - 3 * t3) * v2 + t3 * v3) / 6;\n}\nexport default function (values) {\n  var n = values.length - 1;\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = t <= 0 ? t = 0 : t >= 1 ? (t = 1, n - 1) : Math.floor(t * n),\n      v1 = values[i],\n      v2 = values[i + 1],\n      v0 = i > 0 ? values[i - 1] : 2 * v1 - v2,\n      v3 = i < n - 1 ? values[i + 2] : 2 * v2 - v1;\n    return basis((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);\n  };\n}","export default (function (x) {\n  return function () {\n    return x;\n  };\n});","import constant from \"./constant.js\";\nfunction linear(a, d) {\n  return function (t) {\n    return a + t * d;\n  };\n}\nfunction exponential(a, b, y) {\n  return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function (t) {\n    return Math.pow(a + t * b, y);\n  };\n}\nexport function hue(a, b) {\n  var d = b - a;\n  return d ? linear(a, d > 180 || d < -180 ? d - 360 * Math.round(d / 360) : d) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n}\nexport function gamma(y) {\n  return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function (a, b) {\n    return b - a ? exponential(a, b, y) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n  };\n}\nexport default function nogamma(a, b) {\n  var d = b - a;\n  return d ? linear(a, d) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n}","import { rgb as colorRgb } from \"d3-color\";\nimport basis from \"./basis.js\";\nimport basisClosed from \"./basisClosed.js\";\nimport nogamma, { gamma } from \"./color.js\";\nexport default (function rgbGamma(y) {\n  var color = gamma(y);\n  function rgb(start, end) {\n    var r = color((start = colorRgb(start)).r, (end = colorRgb(end)).r),\n      g = color(start.g, end.g),\n      b = color(start.b, end.b),\n      opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);\n    return function (t) {\n      start.r = r(t);\n      start.g = g(t);\n      start.b = b(t);\n      start.opacity = opacity(t);\n      return start + \"\";\n    };\n  }\n  rgb.gamma = rgbGamma;\n  return rgb;\n})(1);\nfunction rgbSpline(spline) {\n  return function (colors) {\n    var n = colors.length,\n      r = new Array(n),\n      g = new Array(n),\n      b = new Array(n),\n      i,\n      color;\n    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      color = colorRgb(colors[i]);\n      r[i] = color.r || 0;\n      g[i] = color.g || 0;\n      b[i] = color.b || 0;\n    }\n    r = spline(r);\n    g = spline(g);\n    b = spline(b);\n    color.opacity = 1;\n    return function (t) {\n      color.r = r(t);\n      color.g = g(t);\n      color.b = b(t);\n      return color + \"\";\n    };\n  };\n}\nexport var rgbBasis = rgbSpline(basis);\nexport var rgbBasisClosed = rgbSpline(basisClosed);","import { basis } from \"./basis.js\";\nexport default function (values) {\n  var n = values.length;\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = Math.floor(((t %= 1) < 0 ? ++t : t) * n),\n      v0 = values[(i + n - 1) % n],\n      v1 = values[i % n],\n      v2 = values[(i + 1) % n],\n      v3 = values[(i + 2) % n];\n    return basis((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);\n  };\n}","import value from \"./value.js\";\nimport numberArray, { isNumberArray } from \"./numberArray.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  return (isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray : genericArray)(a, b);\n}\nexport function genericArray(a, b) {\n  var nb = b ? b.length : 0,\n    na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0,\n    x = new Array(na),\n    c = new Array(nb),\n    i;\n  for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {\n    x[i] = value(a[i], b[i]);\n  }\n  for (; i < nb; ++i) {\n    c[i] = b[i];\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {\n      c[i] = x[i](t);\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  var d = new Date();\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return d.setTime(a * (1 - t) + b * t), d;\n  };\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return a * (1 - t) + b * t;\n  };\n}","import value from \"./value.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var i = {},\n    c = {},\n    k;\n  if (a === null || typeof a !== \"object\") a = {};\n  if (b === null || typeof b !== \"object\") b = {};\n  for (k in b) {\n    if (k in a) {\n      i[k] = value(a[k], b[k]);\n    } else {\n      c[k] = b[k];\n    }\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    for (k in i) {\n      c[k] = i[k](t);\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}","import number from \"./number.js\";\nvar reA = /[-+]?(?:\\d+\\.?\\d*|\\.?\\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\\d+)?/g,\n  reB = new RegExp(reA.source, \"g\");\nfunction zero(b) {\n  return function () {\n    return b;\n  };\n}\nfunction one(b) {\n  return function (t) {\n    return b(t) + \"\";\n  };\n}\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0,\n    // scan index for next number in b\n    am,\n    // current match in a\n    bm,\n    // current match in b\n    bs,\n    // string preceding current number in b, if any\n    i = -1,\n    // index in s\n    s = [],\n    // string constants and placeholders\n    q = []; // number interpolators\n\n  // Coerce inputs to strings.\n  a = a + \"\", b = b + \"\";\n\n  // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.\n  while ((am = reA.exec(a)) && (bm = reB.exec(b))) {\n    if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) {\n      // a string precedes the next number in b\n      bs = b.slice(bi, bs);\n      if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string\n      else s[++i] = bs;\n    }\n    if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) {\n      // numbers in a & b match\n      if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string\n      else s[++i] = bm;\n    } else {\n      // interpolate non-matching numbers\n      s[++i] = null;\n      q.push({\n        i: i,\n        x: number(am, bm)\n      });\n    }\n    bi = reB.lastIndex;\n  }\n\n  // Add remains of b.\n  if (bi < b.length) {\n    bs = b.slice(bi);\n    if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string\n    else s[++i] = bs;\n  }\n\n  // Special optimization for only a single match.\n  // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.\n  return s.length < 2 ? q[0] ? one(q[0].x) : zero(b) : (b = q.length, function (t) {\n    for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) {\n      s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);\n    }\n    return s.join(\"\");\n  });\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  if (!b) b = [];\n  var n = a ? Math.min(b.length, a.length) : 0,\n    c = b.slice(),\n    i;\n  return function (t) {\n    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      c[i] = a[i] * (1 - t) + b[i] * t;\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}\nexport function isNumberArray(x) {\n  return ArrayBuffer.isView(x) && !(x instanceof DataView);\n}","import { color } from \"d3-color\";\nimport rgb from \"./rgb.js\";\nimport { genericArray } from \"./array.js\";\nimport date from \"./date.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nimport object from \"./object.js\";\nimport string from \"./string.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport numberArray, { isNumberArray } from \"./numberArray.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var t = typeof b,\n    c;\n  return b == null || t === \"boolean\" ? constant(b) : (t === \"number\" ? number : t === \"string\" ? (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, rgb) : string : b instanceof color ? rgb : b instanceof Date ? date : isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray : Array.isArray(b) ? genericArray : typeof b.valueOf !== \"function\" && typeof b.toString !== \"function\" || isNaN(b) ? object : number)(a, b);\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return Math.round(a * (1 - t) + b * t);\n  };\n}","export default function number(x) {\n  return +x;\n}","import { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { interpolate as interpolateValue, interpolateNumber, interpolateRound } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nvar unit = [0, 1];\nexport function identity(x) {\n  return x;\n}\nfunction normalize(a, b) {\n  return (b -= a = +a) ? function (x) {\n    return (x - a) / b;\n  } : constant(isNaN(b) ? NaN : 0.5);\n}\nfunction clamper(a, b) {\n  var t;\n  if (a > b) t = a, a = b, b = t;\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.max(a, Math.min(b, x));\n  };\n}\n\n// normalize(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1].\n// interpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding range value x in [a,b].\nfunction bimap(domain, range, interpolate) {\n  var d0 = domain[0],\n    d1 = domain[1],\n    r0 = range[0],\n    r1 = range[1];\n  if (d1 < d0) d0 = normalize(d1, d0), r0 = interpolate(r1, r0);else d0 = normalize(d0, d1), r0 = interpolate(r0, r1);\n  return function (x) {\n    return r0(d0(x));\n  };\n}\nfunction polymap(domain, range, interpolate) {\n  var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1,\n    d = new Array(j),\n    r = new Array(j),\n    i = -1;\n\n  // Reverse descending domains.\n  if (domain[j] < domain[0]) {\n    domain = domain.slice().reverse();\n    range = range.slice().reverse();\n  }\n  while (++i < j) {\n    d[i] = normalize(domain[i], domain[i + 1]);\n    r[i] = interpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]);\n  }\n  return function (x) {\n    var i = bisect(domain, x, 1, j) - 1;\n    return r[i](d[i](x));\n  };\n}\nexport function copy(source, target) {\n  return target.domain(source.domain()).range(source.range()).interpolate(source.interpolate()).clamp(source.clamp()).unknown(source.unknown());\n}\nexport function transformer() {\n  var domain = unit,\n    range = unit,\n    interpolate = interpolateValue,\n    transform,\n    untransform,\n    unknown,\n    clamp = identity,\n    piecewise,\n    output,\n    input;\n  function rescale() {\n    var n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length);\n    if (clamp !== identity) clamp = clamper(domain[0], domain[n - 1]);\n    piecewise = n > 2 ? polymap : bimap;\n    output = input = null;\n    return scale;\n  }\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (output || (output = piecewise(domain.map(transform), range, interpolate)))(transform(clamp(x)));\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return clamp(untransform((input || (input = piecewise(range, domain.map(transform), interpolateNumber)))(y)));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), rescale()) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    return range = Array.from(_), interpolate = interpolateRound, rescale();\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = _ ? true : identity, rescale()) : clamp !== identity;\n  };\n  scale.interpolate = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, rescale()) : interpolate;\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t, u) {\n    transform = t, untransform = u;\n    return rescale();\n  };\n}\nexport default function continuous() {\n  return transformer()(identity, identity);\n}","export default function constants(x) {\n  return function () {\n    return x;\n  };\n}","// [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][~][type]\nvar re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\\-( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\\d+)?(,)?(\\.\\d+)?(~)?([a-z%])?$/i;\nexport default function formatSpecifier(specifier) {\n  if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error(\"invalid format: \" + specifier);\n  var match;\n  return new FormatSpecifier({\n    fill: match[1],\n    align: match[2],\n    sign: match[3],\n    symbol: match[4],\n    zero: match[5],\n    width: match[6],\n    comma: match[7],\n    precision: match[8] && match[8].slice(1),\n    trim: match[9],\n    type: match[10]\n  });\n}\nformatSpecifier.prototype = FormatSpecifier.prototype; // instanceof\n\nexport function FormatSpecifier(specifier) {\n  this.fill = specifier.fill === undefined ? \" \" : specifier.fill + \"\";\n  this.align = specifier.align === undefined ? \">\" : specifier.align + \"\";\n  this.sign = specifier.sign === undefined ? \"-\" : specifier.sign + \"\";\n  this.symbol = specifier.symbol === undefined ? \"\" : specifier.symbol + \"\";\n  this.zero = !!specifier.zero;\n  this.width = specifier.width === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.width;\n  this.comma = !!specifier.comma;\n  this.precision = specifier.precision === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.precision;\n  this.trim = !!specifier.trim;\n  this.type = specifier.type === undefined ? \"\" : specifier.type + \"\";\n}\nFormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function () {\n  return this.fill + this.align + this.sign + this.symbol + (this.zero ? \"0\" : \"\") + (this.width === undefined ? \"\" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0)) + (this.comma ? \",\" : \"\") + (this.precision === undefined ? \"\" : \".\" + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0)) + (this.trim ? \"~\" : \"\") + this.type;\n};","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport var prefixExponent;\nexport default function (x, p) {\n  var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);\n  if (!d) return x + \"\";\n  var coefficient = d[0],\n    exponent = d[1],\n    i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1,\n    n = coefficient.length;\n  return i === n ? coefficient : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join(\"0\") : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + \".\" + coefficient.slice(i) : \"0.\" + new Array(1 - i).join(\"0\") + formatDecimalParts(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y!\n}","export default function (x) {\n  return Math.abs(x = Math.round(x)) >= 1e21 ? x.toLocaleString(\"en\").replace(/,/g, \"\") : x.toString(10);\n}\n\n// Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with\n// significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined.\n// For example, formatDecimalParts(1.23) returns [\"123\", 0].\nexport function formatDecimalParts(x, p) {\n  if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf(\"e\")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity\n  var i,\n    coefficient = x.slice(0, i);\n\n  // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \\d\\.\\d+e[-+]\\d+\n  // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \\de[-+]\\d+ (e.g., 1e+3).\n  return [coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient, +x.slice(i + 1)];\n}","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport default function (x) {\n  return x = formatDecimalParts(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN;\n}","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport default function (x, p) {\n  var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);\n  if (!d) return x + \"\";\n  var coefficient = d[0],\n    exponent = d[1];\n  return exponent < 0 ? \"0.\" + new Array(-exponent).join(\"0\") + coefficient : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + \".\" + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1) : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join(\"0\");\n}","import formatDecimal from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nimport formatPrefixAuto from \"./formatPrefixAuto.js\";\nimport formatRounded from \"./formatRounded.js\";\nexport default {\n  \"%\": function _(x, p) {\n    return (x * 100).toFixed(p);\n  },\n  \"b\": function b(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(2);\n  },\n  \"c\": function c(x) {\n    return x + \"\";\n  },\n  \"d\": formatDecimal,\n  \"e\": function e(x, p) {\n    return x.toExponential(p);\n  },\n  \"f\": function f(x, p) {\n    return x.toFixed(p);\n  },\n  \"g\": function g(x, p) {\n    return x.toPrecision(p);\n  },\n  \"o\": function o(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(8);\n  },\n  \"p\": function p(x, _p) {\n    return formatRounded(x * 100, _p);\n  },\n  \"r\": formatRounded,\n  \"s\": formatPrefixAuto,\n  \"X\": function X(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase();\n  },\n  \"x\": function x(_x) {\n    return Math.round(_x).toString(16);\n  }\n};","export default function (x) {\n  return x;\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nimport formatGroup from \"./formatGroup.js\";\nimport formatNumerals from \"./formatNumerals.js\";\nimport formatSpecifier from \"./formatSpecifier.js\";\nimport formatTrim from \"./formatTrim.js\";\nimport formatTypes from \"./formatTypes.js\";\nimport { prefixExponent } from \"./formatPrefixAuto.js\";\nimport identity from \"./identity.js\";\nvar map = Array.prototype.map,\n  prefixes = [\"y\", \"z\", \"a\", \"f\", \"p\", \"n\", \"µ\", \"m\", \"\", \"k\", \"M\", \"G\", \"T\", \"P\", \"E\", \"Z\", \"Y\"];\nexport default function (locale) {\n  var group = locale.grouping === undefined || locale.thousands === undefined ? identity : formatGroup(map.call(locale.grouping, Number), locale.thousands + \"\"),\n    currencyPrefix = locale.currency === undefined ? \"\" : locale.currency[0] + \"\",\n    currencySuffix = locale.currency === undefined ? \"\" : locale.currency[1] + \"\",\n    decimal = locale.decimal === undefined ? \".\" : locale.decimal + \"\",\n    numerals = locale.numerals === undefined ? identity : formatNumerals(map.call(locale.numerals, String)),\n    percent = locale.percent === undefined ? \"%\" : locale.percent + \"\",\n    minus = locale.minus === undefined ? \"−\" : locale.minus + \"\",\n    nan = locale.nan === undefined ? \"NaN\" : locale.nan + \"\";\n  function newFormat(specifier) {\n    specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier);\n    var fill = specifier.fill,\n      align = specifier.align,\n      sign = specifier.sign,\n      symbol = specifier.symbol,\n      zero = specifier.zero,\n      width = specifier.width,\n      comma = specifier.comma,\n      precision = specifier.precision,\n      trim = specifier.trim,\n      type = specifier.type;\n\n    // The \"n\" type is an alias for \",g\".\n    if (type === \"n\") comma = true, type = \"g\";\n\n    // The \"\" type, and any invalid type, is an alias for \".12~g\".\n    else if (!formatTypes[type]) precision === undefined && (precision = 12), trim = true, type = \"g\";\n\n    // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits.\n    if (zero || fill === \"0\" && align === \"=\") zero = true, fill = \"0\", align = \"=\";\n\n    // Compute the prefix and suffix.\n    // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed.\n    var prefix = symbol === \"$\" ? currencyPrefix : symbol === \"#\" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? \"0\" + type.toLowerCase() : \"\",\n      suffix = symbol === \"$\" ? currencySuffix : /[%p]/.test(type) ? percent : \"\";\n\n    // What format function should we use?\n    // Is this an integer type?\n    // Can this type generate exponential notation?\n    var formatType = formatTypes[type],\n      maybeSuffix = /[defgprs%]/.test(type);\n\n    // Set the default precision if not specified,\n    // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range.\n    // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21].\n    // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20].\n    precision = precision === undefined ? 6 : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision)) : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision));\n    function format(value) {\n      var valuePrefix = prefix,\n        valueSuffix = suffix,\n        i,\n        n,\n        c;\n      if (type === \"c\") {\n        valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix;\n        value = \"\";\n      } else {\n        value = +value;\n\n        // Determine the sign. -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is!\n        var valueNegative = value < 0 || 1 / value < 0;\n\n        // Perform the initial formatting.\n        value = isNaN(value) ? nan : formatType(Math.abs(value), precision);\n\n        // Trim insignificant zeros.\n        if (trim) value = formatTrim(value);\n\n        // If a negative value rounds to zero after formatting, and no explicit positive sign is requested, hide the sign.\n        if (valueNegative && +value === 0 && sign !== \"+\") valueNegative = false;\n\n        // Compute the prefix and suffix.\n        valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? sign === \"(\" ? sign : minus : sign === \"-\" || sign === \"(\" ? \"\" : sign) + valuePrefix;\n        valueSuffix = (type === \"s\" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : \"\") + valueSuffix + (valueNegative && sign === \"(\" ? \")\" : \"\");\n\n        // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be\n        // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not.\n        if (maybeSuffix) {\n          i = -1, n = value.length;\n          while (++i < n) {\n            if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) {\n              valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix;\n              value = value.slice(0, i);\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // If the fill character is not \"0\", grouping is applied before padding.\n      if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity);\n\n      // Compute the padding.\n      var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length,\n        padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : \"\";\n\n      // If the fill character is \"0\", grouping is applied after padding.\n      if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = \"\";\n\n      // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment.\n      switch (align) {\n        case \"<\":\n          value = valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding;\n          break;\n        case \"=\":\n          value = valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix;\n          break;\n        case \"^\":\n          value = padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length);\n          break;\n        default:\n          value = padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix;\n          break;\n      }\n      return numerals(value);\n    }\n    format.toString = function () {\n      return specifier + \"\";\n    };\n    return format;\n  }\n  function formatPrefix(specifier, value) {\n    var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = \"f\", specifier)),\n      e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3,\n      k = Math.pow(10, -e),\n      prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3];\n    return function (value) {\n      return f(k * value) + prefix;\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    format: newFormat,\n    formatPrefix: formatPrefix\n  };\n}","import formatLocale from \"./locale.js\";\nvar locale;\nexport var format;\nexport var formatPrefix;\ndefaultLocale({\n  thousands: \",\",\n  grouping: [3],\n  currency: [\"$\", \"\"]\n});\nexport default function defaultLocale(definition) {\n  locale = formatLocale(definition);\n  format = locale.format;\n  formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix;\n  return locale;\n}","export default function (grouping, thousands) {\n  return function (value, width) {\n    var i = value.length,\n      t = [],\n      j = 0,\n      g = grouping[0],\n      length = 0;\n    while (i > 0 && g > 0) {\n      if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length);\n      t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g));\n      if ((length += g + 1) > width) break;\n      g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length];\n    }\n    return t.reverse().join(thousands);\n  };\n}","export default function (numerals) {\n  return function (value) {\n    return value.replace(/[0-9]/g, function (i) {\n      return numerals[+i];\n    });\n  };\n}","// Trims insignificant zeros, e.g., replaces 1.2000k with 1.2k.\nexport default function (s) {\n  out: for (var n = s.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) {\n    switch (s[i]) {\n      case \".\":\n        i0 = i1 = i;\n        break;\n      case \"0\":\n        if (i0 === 0) i0 = i;\n        i1 = i;\n        break;\n      default:\n        if (!+s[i]) break out;\n        if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0;\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n  return i0 > 0 ? s.slice(0, i0) + s.slice(i1 + 1) : s;\n}","import { tickStep } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { format, formatPrefix, formatSpecifier, precisionFixed, precisionPrefix, precisionRound } from \"d3-format\";\nexport default function tickFormat(start, stop, count, specifier) {\n  var step = tickStep(start, stop, count),\n    precision;\n  specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? \",f\" : specifier);\n  switch (specifier.type) {\n    case \"s\":\n      {\n        var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop));\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision;\n        return formatPrefix(specifier, value);\n      }\n    case \"\":\n    case \"e\":\n    case \"g\":\n    case \"p\":\n    case \"r\":\n      {\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === \"e\");\n        break;\n      }\n    case \"f\":\n    case \"%\":\n      {\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === \"%\") * 2;\n        break;\n      }\n  }\n  return format(specifier);\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step, value) {\n  return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent(Math.abs(step)));\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step, max) {\n  step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step;\n  return Math.max(0, exponent(max) - exponent(step)) + 1;\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step) {\n  return Math.max(0, -exponent(Math.abs(step)));\n}","import { ticks, tickIncrement } from \"d3-array\";\nimport continuous, { copy } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport tickFormat from \"./tickFormat.js\";\nexport function linearish(scale) {\n  var domain = scale.domain;\n  scale.ticks = function (count) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count);\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return tickFormat(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count, specifier);\n  };\n  scale.nice = function (count) {\n    if (count == null) count = 10;\n    var d = domain();\n    var i0 = 0;\n    var i1 = d.length - 1;\n    var start = d[i0];\n    var stop = d[i1];\n    var prestep;\n    var step;\n    var maxIter = 10;\n    if (stop < start) {\n      step = start, start = stop, stop = step;\n      step = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = step;\n    }\n    while (maxIter-- > 0) {\n      step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);\n      if (step === prestep) {\n        d[i0] = start;\n        d[i1] = stop;\n        return domain(d);\n      } else if (step > 0) {\n        start = Math.floor(start / step) * step;\n        stop = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;\n      } else if (step < 0) {\n        start = Math.ceil(start * step) / step;\n        stop = Math.floor(stop * step) / step;\n      } else {\n        break;\n      }\n      prestep = step;\n    }\n    return scale;\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function linear() {\n  var scale = continuous();\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, linear());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nexport default function identity(domain) {\n  var unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : x;\n  }\n  scale.invert = scale;\n  scale.domain = scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), scale) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return identity(domain).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  domain = arguments.length ? Array.from(domain, number) : [0, 1];\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","export default function nice(domain, interval) {\n  domain = domain.slice();\n  var i0 = 0,\n    i1 = domain.length - 1,\n    x0 = domain[i0],\n    x1 = domain[i1],\n    t;\n  if (x1 < x0) {\n    t = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = t;\n    t = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = t;\n  }\n  domain[i0] = interval.floor(x0);\n  domain[i1] = interval.ceil(x1);\n  return domain;\n}","import { ticks } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { format } from \"d3-format\";\nimport nice from \"./nice.js\";\nimport { copy, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformLog(x) {\n  return Math.log(x);\n}\nfunction transformExp(x) {\n  return Math.exp(x);\n}\nfunction transformLogn(x) {\n  return -Math.log(-x);\n}\nfunction transformExpn(x) {\n  return -Math.exp(-x);\n}\nfunction pow10(x) {\n  return isFinite(x) ? +(\"1e\" + x) : x < 0 ? 0 : x;\n}\nfunction powp(base) {\n  return base === 10 ? pow10 : base === Math.E ? Math.exp : function (x) {\n    return Math.pow(base, x);\n  };\n}\nfunction logp(base) {\n  return base === Math.E ? Math.log : base === 10 && Math.log10 || base === 2 && Math.log2 || (base = Math.log(base), function (x) {\n    return Math.log(x) / base;\n  });\n}\nfunction reflect(f) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return -f(-x);\n  };\n}\nexport function loggish(transform) {\n  var scale = transform(transformLog, transformExp),\n    domain = scale.domain,\n    base = 10,\n    logs,\n    pows;\n  function rescale() {\n    logs = logp(base), pows = powp(base);\n    if (domain()[0] < 0) {\n      logs = reflect(logs), pows = reflect(pows);\n      transform(transformLogn, transformExpn);\n    } else {\n      transform(transformLog, transformExp);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  scale.base = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (base = +_, rescale()) : base;\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();\n  };\n  scale.ticks = function (count) {\n    var d = domain(),\n      u = d[0],\n      v = d[d.length - 1],\n      r;\n    if (r = v < u) i = u, u = v, v = i;\n    var i = logs(u),\n      j = logs(v),\n      p,\n      k,\n      t,\n      n = count == null ? 10 : +count,\n      z = [];\n    if (!(base % 1) && j - i < n) {\n      i = Math.floor(i), j = Math.ceil(j);\n      if (u > 0) for (; i <= j; ++i) {\n        for (k = 1, p = pows(i); k < base; ++k) {\n          t = p * k;\n          if (t < u) continue;\n          if (t > v) break;\n          z.push(t);\n        }\n      } else for (; i <= j; ++i) {\n        for (k = base - 1, p = pows(i); k >= 1; --k) {\n          t = p * k;\n          if (t < u) continue;\n          if (t > v) break;\n          z.push(t);\n        }\n      }\n      if (z.length * 2 < n) z = ticks(u, v, n);\n    } else {\n      z = ticks(i, j, Math.min(j - i, n)).map(pows);\n    }\n    return r ? z.reverse() : z;\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    if (specifier == null) specifier = base === 10 ? \".0e\" : \",\";\n    if (typeof specifier !== \"function\") specifier = format(specifier);\n    if (count === Infinity) return specifier;\n    if (count == null) count = 10;\n    var k = Math.max(1, base * count / scale.ticks().length); // TODO fast estimate?\n    return function (d) {\n      var i = d / pows(Math.round(logs(d)));\n      if (i * base < base - 0.5) i *= base;\n      return i <= k ? specifier(d) : \"\";\n    };\n  };\n  scale.nice = function () {\n    return domain(nice(domain(), {\n      floor: function floor(x) {\n        return pows(Math.floor(logs(x)));\n      },\n      ceil: function ceil(x) {\n        return pows(Math.ceil(logs(x)));\n      }\n    }));\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function log() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, log()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { copy, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformSymlog(c) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.sign(x) * Math.log1p(Math.abs(x / c));\n  };\n}\nfunction transformSymexp(c) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.sign(x) * Math.expm1(Math.abs(x)) * c;\n  };\n}\nexport function symlogish(transform) {\n  var c = 1,\n    scale = transform(transformSymlog(c), transformSymexp(c));\n  scale.constant = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? transform(transformSymlog(c = +_), transformSymexp(c)) : c;\n  };\n  return linearish(scale);\n}\nexport default function symlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, symlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { copy, identity, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformPow(exponent) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return x < 0 ? -Math.pow(-x, exponent) : Math.pow(x, exponent);\n  };\n}\nfunction transformSqrt(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -Math.sqrt(-x) : Math.sqrt(x);\n}\nfunction transformSquare(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -x * x : x * x;\n}\nexport function powish(transform) {\n  var scale = transform(identity, identity),\n    exponent = 1;\n  function rescale() {\n    return exponent === 1 ? transform(identity, identity) : exponent === 0.5 ? transform(transformSqrt, transformSquare) : transform(transformPow(exponent), transformPow(1 / exponent));\n  }\n  scale.exponent = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (exponent = +_, rescale()) : exponent;\n  };\n  return linearish(scale);\n}\nexport default function pow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, pow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}\nexport function sqrt() {\n  return pow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","import continuous from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nfunction square(x) {\n  return Math.sign(x) * x * x;\n}\nfunction unsquare(x) {\n  return Math.sign(x) * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));\n}\nexport default function radial() {\n  var squared = continuous(),\n    range = [0, 1],\n    round = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    var y = unsquare(squared(x));\n    return isNaN(y) ? unknown : round ? Math.round(y) : y;\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return squared.invert(square(y));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.domain(_), scale) : squared.domain();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.range((range = Array.from(_, number)).map(square)), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    return scale.range(_).round(true);\n  };\n  scale.round = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (round = !!_, scale) : round;\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.clamp(_), scale) : squared.clamp();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return radial(squared.domain(), range).round(round).clamp(squared.clamp()).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function max(values, valueof) {\n  var max;\n  if (valueof === undefined) {\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        if (value != null && (max < value || max === undefined && value >= value)) {\n          max = value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n  } else {\n    var index = -1;\n    var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step2;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {\n        var _value = _step2.value;\n        if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (max < _value || max === undefined && _value >= _value)) {\n          max = _value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator2.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator2.f();\n    }\n  }\n  return max;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function min(values, valueof) {\n  var min;\n  if (valueof === undefined) {\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        if (value != null && (min > value || min === undefined && value >= value)) {\n          min = value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n  } else {\n    var index = -1;\n    var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step2;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {\n        var _value = _step2.value;\n        if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (min > _value || min === undefined && _value >= _value)) {\n          min = _value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator2.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator2.f();\n    }\n  }\n  return min;\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\n\n// Based on https://github.com/mourner/quickselect\n// ISC license, Copyright 2018 Vladimir Agafonkin.\nexport default function quickselect(array, k) {\n  var left = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 0;\n  var right = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : array.length - 1;\n  var compare = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : ascending;\n  while (right > left) {\n    if (right - left > 600) {\n      var n = right - left + 1;\n      var m = k - left + 1;\n      var z = Math.log(n);\n      var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);\n      var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);\n      var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));\n      var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));\n      quickselect(array, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);\n    }\n    var t = array[k];\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    swap(array, left, k);\n    if (compare(array[right], t) > 0) swap(array, left, right);\n    while (i < j) {\n      swap(array, i, j), ++i, --j;\n      while (compare(array[i], t) < 0) {\n        ++i;\n      }\n      while (compare(array[j], t) > 0) {\n        --j;\n      }\n    }\n    if (compare(array[left], t) === 0) swap(array, left, j);else ++j, swap(array, j, right);\n    if (j <= k) left = j + 1;\n    if (k <= j) right = j - 1;\n  }\n  return array;\n}\nfunction swap(array, i, j) {\n  var t = array[i];\n  array[i] = array[j];\n  array[j] = t;\n}","import max from \"./max.js\";\nimport min from \"./min.js\";\nimport quickselect from \"./quickselect.js\";\nimport number, { numbers } from \"./number.js\";\nexport default function quantile(values, p, valueof) {\n  values = Float64Array.from(numbers(values, valueof));\n  if (!(n = values.length)) return;\n  if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return min(values);\n  if (p >= 1) return max(values);\n  var n,\n    i = (n - 1) * p,\n    i0 = Math.floor(i),\n    value0 = max(quickselect(values, i0).subarray(0, i0 + 1)),\n    value1 = min(values.subarray(i0 + 1));\n  return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);\n}\nexport function quantileSorted(values, p) {\n  var valueof = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : number;\n  if (!(n = values.length)) return;\n  if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return +valueof(values[0], 0, values);\n  if (p >= 1) return +valueof(values[n - 1], n - 1, values);\n  var n,\n    i = (n - 1) * p,\n    i0 = Math.floor(i),\n    value0 = +valueof(values[i0], i0, values),\n    value1 = +valueof(values[i0 + 1], i0 + 1, values);\n  return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { ascending, bisect, quantileSorted as threshold } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function quantile() {\n  var domain = [],\n    range = [],\n    thresholds = [],\n    unknown;\n  function rescale() {\n    var i = 0,\n      n = Math.max(1, range.length);\n    thresholds = new Array(n - 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      thresholds[i - 1] = threshold(domain, i / n);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : range[bisect(thresholds, x)];\n  }\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : [i > 0 ? thresholds[i - 1] : domain[0], i < thresholds.length ? thresholds[i] : domain[domain.length - 1]];\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [];\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        if (d != null && !isNaN(d = +d)) domain.push(d);\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    domain.sort(ascending);\n    return rescale();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.quantiles = function () {\n    return thresholds.slice();\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return quantile().domain(domain).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function quantize() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 1,\n    n = 1,\n    domain = [0.5],\n    range = [0, 1],\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x != null && x <= x ? range[bisect(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;\n  }\n  function rescale() {\n    var i = -1;\n    domain = new Array(n);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      domain[i] = ((i + 1) * x1 - (i - n) * x0) / (n + 1);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1]), x0 = +x0, x1 = +x1, rescale()) : [x0, x1];\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (n = (range = Array.from(_)).length - 1, rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : i < 1 ? [x0, domain[0]] : i >= n ? [domain[n - 1], x1] : [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : scale;\n  };\n  scale.thresholds = function () {\n    return domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return quantize().domain([x0, x1]).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(linearish(scale), arguments);\n}","import { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function threshold() {\n  var domain = [0.5],\n    range = [0, 1],\n    unknown,\n    n = 1;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x != null && x <= x ? range[bisect(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return threshold().domain(domain).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","export var durationSecond = 1000;\nexport var durationMinute = durationSecond * 60;\nexport var durationHour = durationMinute * 60;\nexport var durationDay = durationHour * 24;\nexport var durationWeek = durationDay * 7;\nexport var durationMonth = durationDay * 30;\nexport var durationYear = durationDay * 365;","var t0 = new Date(),\n  t1 = new Date();\nexport default function newInterval(floori, offseti, count, field) {\n  function interval(date) {\n    return floori(date = arguments.length === 0 ? new Date() : new Date(+date)), date;\n  }\n  interval.floor = function (date) {\n    return floori(date = new Date(+date)), date;\n  };\n  interval.ceil = function (date) {\n    return floori(date = new Date(date - 1)), offseti(date, 1), floori(date), date;\n  };\n  interval.round = function (date) {\n    var d0 = interval(date),\n      d1 = interval.ceil(date);\n    return date - d0 < d1 - date ? d0 : d1;\n  };\n  interval.offset = function (date, step) {\n    return offseti(date = new Date(+date), step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step)), date;\n  };\n  interval.range = function (start, stop, step) {\n    var range = [],\n      previous;\n    start = interval.ceil(start);\n    step = step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step);\n    if (!(start < stop) || !(step > 0)) return range; // also handles Invalid Date\n    do {\n      range.push(previous = new Date(+start)), offseti(start, step), floori(start);\n    } while (previous < start && start < stop);\n    return range;\n  };\n  interval.filter = function (test) {\n    return newInterval(function (date) {\n      if (date >= date) while (floori(date), !test(date)) {\n        date.setTime(date - 1);\n      }\n    }, function (date, step) {\n      if (date >= date) {\n        if (step < 0) while (++step <= 0) {\n          while (offseti(date, -1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty\n        } else while (--step >= 0) {\n          while (offseti(date, +1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty\n        }\n      }\n    });\n  };\n\n  if (count) {\n    interval.count = function (start, end) {\n      t0.setTime(+start), t1.setTime(+end);\n      floori(t0), floori(t1);\n      return Math.floor(count(t0, t1));\n    };\n    interval.every = function (step) {\n      step = Math.floor(step);\n      return !isFinite(step) || !(step > 0) ? null : !(step > 1) ? interval : interval.filter(field ? function (d) {\n        return field(d) % step === 0;\n      } : function (d) {\n        return interval.count(0, d) % step === 0;\n      });\n    };\n  }\n  return interval;\n}","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar millisecond = interval(function () {\n  // noop\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end - start;\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nmillisecond.every = function (k) {\n  k = Math.floor(k);\n  if (!isFinite(k) || !(k > 0)) return null;\n  if (!(k > 1)) return millisecond;\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setTime(Math.floor(date / k) * k);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setTime(+date + step * k);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start) / k;\n  });\n};\nexport default millisecond;\nexport var milliseconds = millisecond.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar second = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds());\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationSecond);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationSecond;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCSeconds();\n});\nexport default second;\nexport var seconds = second.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute, durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar minute = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationMinute;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getMinutes();\n});\nexport default minute;\nexport var minutes = minute.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationHour, durationMinute, durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar hour = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond - date.getMinutes() * durationMinute);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationHour;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getHours();\n});\nexport default hour;\nexport var hours = hour.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationDay, durationMinute } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar day = interval(function (date) {\n  return date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  return date.setDate(date.getDate() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationDay;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getDate() - 1;\n});\nexport default day;\nexport var days = day.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute, durationWeek } from \"./duration.js\";\nfunction weekday(i) {\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setDate(date.getDate() - (date.getDay() + 7 - i) % 7);\n    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setDate(date.getDate() + step * 7);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationWeek;\n  });\n}\nexport var sunday = weekday(0);\nexport var monday = weekday(1);\nexport var tuesday = weekday(2);\nexport var wednesday = weekday(3);\nexport var thursday = weekday(4);\nexport var friday = weekday(5);\nexport var saturday = weekday(6);\nexport var sundays = sunday.range;\nexport var mondays = monday.range;\nexport var tuesdays = tuesday.range;\nexport var wednesdays = wednesday.range;\nexport var thursdays = thursday.range;\nexport var fridays = friday.range;\nexport var saturdays = saturday.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar month = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setDate(1);\n  date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setMonth(date.getMonth() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getMonth() - start.getMonth() + (end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear()) * 12;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getMonth();\n});\nexport default month;\nexport var months = month.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar year = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setMonth(0, 1);\n  date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear();\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getFullYear();\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nyear.every = function (k) {\n  return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : interval(function (date) {\n    date.setFullYear(Math.floor(date.getFullYear() / k) * k);\n    date.setMonth(0, 1);\n    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step * k);\n  });\n};\nexport default year;\nexport var years = year.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcMinute = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCSeconds(0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationMinute;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCMinutes();\n});\nexport default utcMinute;\nexport var utcMinutes = utcMinute.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationHour } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcHour = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCMinutes(0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationHour;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCHours();\n});\nexport default utcHour;\nexport var utcHours = utcHour.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationDay } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcDay = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationDay;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCDate() - 1;\n});\nexport default utcDay;\nexport var utcDays = utcDay.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationWeek } from \"./duration.js\";\nfunction utcWeekday(i) {\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() - (date.getUTCDay() + 7 - i) % 7);\n    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step * 7);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start) / durationWeek;\n  });\n}\nexport var utcSunday = utcWeekday(0);\nexport var utcMonday = utcWeekday(1);\nexport var utcTuesday = utcWeekday(2);\nexport var utcWednesday = utcWeekday(3);\nexport var utcThursday = utcWeekday(4);\nexport var utcFriday = utcWeekday(5);\nexport var utcSaturday = utcWeekday(6);\nexport var utcSundays = utcSunday.range;\nexport var utcMondays = utcMonday.range;\nexport var utcTuesdays = utcTuesday.range;\nexport var utcWednesdays = utcWednesday.range;\nexport var utcThursdays = utcThursday.range;\nexport var utcFridays = utcFriday.range;\nexport var utcSaturdays = utcSaturday.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar utcMonth = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCDate(1);\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCMonth(date.getUTCMonth() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getUTCMonth() - start.getUTCMonth() + (end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear()) * 12;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCMonth();\n});\nexport default utcMonth;\nexport var utcMonths = utcMonth.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar utcYear = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear();\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCFullYear();\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nutcYear.every = function (k) {\n  return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : interval(function (date) {\n    date.setUTCFullYear(Math.floor(date.getUTCFullYear() / k) * k);\n    date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);\n    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step * k);\n  });\n};\nexport default utcYear;\nexport var utcYears = utcYear.range;","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { bisector, tickStep } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { durationDay, durationHour, durationMinute, durationMonth, durationSecond, durationWeek, durationYear } from \"./duration.js\";\nimport millisecond from \"./millisecond.js\";\nimport second from \"./second.js\";\nimport minute from \"./minute.js\";\nimport hour from \"./hour.js\";\nimport day from \"./day.js\";\nimport { sunday as week } from \"./week.js\";\nimport month from \"./month.js\";\nimport year from \"./year.js\";\nimport utcMinute from \"./utcMinute.js\";\nimport utcHour from \"./utcHour.js\";\nimport utcDay from \"./utcDay.js\";\nimport { utcSunday as utcWeek } from \"./utcWeek.js\";\nimport utcMonth from \"./utcMonth.js\";\nimport utcYear from \"./utcYear.js\";\nfunction ticker(year, month, week, day, hour, minute) {\n  var tickIntervals = [[second, 1, durationSecond], [second, 5, 5 * durationSecond], [second, 15, 15 * durationSecond], [second, 30, 30 * durationSecond], [minute, 1, durationMinute], [minute, 5, 5 * durationMinute], [minute, 15, 15 * durationMinute], [minute, 30, 30 * durationMinute], [hour, 1, durationHour], [hour, 3, 3 * durationHour], [hour, 6, 6 * durationHour], [hour, 12, 12 * durationHour], [day, 1, durationDay], [day, 2, 2 * durationDay], [week, 1, durationWeek], [month, 1, durationMonth], [month, 3, 3 * durationMonth], [year, 1, durationYear]];\n  function ticks(start, stop, count) {\n    var reverse = stop < start;\n    if (reverse) {\n      var _ref = [stop, start];\n      start = _ref[0];\n      stop = _ref[1];\n    }\n    var interval = count && typeof count.range === \"function\" ? count : tickInterval(start, stop, count);\n    var ticks = interval ? interval.range(start, +stop + 1) : []; // inclusive stop\n    return reverse ? ticks.reverse() : ticks;\n  }\n  function tickInterval(start, stop, count) {\n    var target = Math.abs(stop - start) / count;\n    var i = bisector(function (_ref2) {\n      var _ref3 = _slicedToArray(_ref2, 3),\n        step = _ref3[2];\n      return step;\n    }).right(tickIntervals, target);\n    if (i === tickIntervals.length) return year.every(tickStep(start / durationYear, stop / durationYear, count));\n    if (i === 0) return millisecond.every(Math.max(tickStep(start, stop, count), 1));\n    var _tickIntervals = _slicedToArray(tickIntervals[target / tickIntervals[i - 1][2] < tickIntervals[i][2] / target ? i - 1 : i], 2),\n      t = _tickIntervals[0],\n      step = _tickIntervals[1];\n    return t.every(step);\n  }\n  return [ticks, tickInterval];\n}\nvar _ticker = ticker(utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute),\n  _ticker2 = _slicedToArray(_ticker, 2),\n  utcTicks = _ticker2[0],\n  utcTickInterval = _ticker2[1];\nvar _ticker3 = ticker(year, month, week, day, hour, minute),\n  _ticker4 = _slicedToArray(_ticker3, 2),\n  timeTicks = _ticker4[0],\n  timeTickInterval = _ticker4[1];\nexport { utcTicks, utcTickInterval, timeTicks, timeTickInterval };","import { timeDay, timeSunday, timeMonday, timeThursday, timeYear, utcDay, utcSunday, utcMonday, utcThursday, utcYear } from \"d3-time\";\nfunction localDate(d) {\n  if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {\n    var date = new Date(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);\n    date.setFullYear(d.y);\n    return date;\n  }\n  return new Date(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);\n}\nfunction utcDate(d) {\n  if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {\n    var date = new Date(Date.UTC(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));\n    date.setUTCFullYear(d.y);\n    return date;\n  }\n  return new Date(Date.UTC(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));\n}\nfunction newDate(y, m, d) {\n  return {\n    y: y,\n    m: m,\n    d: d,\n    H: 0,\n    M: 0,\n    S: 0,\n    L: 0\n  };\n}\nexport default function formatLocale(locale) {\n  var locale_dateTime = locale.dateTime,\n    locale_date = locale.date,\n    locale_time = locale.time,\n    locale_periods = locale.periods,\n    locale_weekdays = locale.days,\n    locale_shortWeekdays = locale.shortDays,\n    locale_months = locale.months,\n    locale_shortMonths = locale.shortMonths;\n  var periodRe = formatRe(locale_periods),\n    periodLookup = formatLookup(locale_periods),\n    weekdayRe = formatRe(locale_weekdays),\n    weekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_weekdays),\n    shortWeekdayRe = formatRe(locale_shortWeekdays),\n    shortWeekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortWeekdays),\n    monthRe = formatRe(locale_months),\n    monthLookup = formatLookup(locale_months),\n    shortMonthRe = formatRe(locale_shortMonths),\n    shortMonthLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortMonths);\n  var formats = {\n    \"a\": formatShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": formatWeekday,\n    \"b\": formatShortMonth,\n    \"B\": formatMonth,\n    \"c\": null,\n    \"d\": formatDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": formatDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": formatMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": formatYearISO,\n    \"G\": formatFullYearISO,\n    \"H\": formatHour24,\n    \"I\": formatHour12,\n    \"j\": formatDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": formatMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": formatMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": formatMinutes,\n    \"p\": formatPeriod,\n    \"q\": formatQuarter,\n    \"Q\": formatUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": formatUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": formatSeconds,\n    \"u\": formatWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": formatWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": formatWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": formatWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": formatWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": null,\n    \"X\": null,\n    \"y\": formatYear,\n    \"Y\": formatFullYear,\n    \"Z\": formatZone,\n    \"%\": formatLiteralPercent\n  };\n  var utcFormats = {\n    \"a\": formatUTCShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": formatUTCWeekday,\n    \"b\": formatUTCShortMonth,\n    \"B\": formatUTCMonth,\n    \"c\": null,\n    \"d\": formatUTCDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": formatUTCDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": formatUTCMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": formatUTCYearISO,\n    \"G\": formatUTCFullYearISO,\n    \"H\": formatUTCHour24,\n    \"I\": formatUTCHour12,\n    \"j\": formatUTCDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": formatUTCMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": formatUTCMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": formatUTCMinutes,\n    \"p\": formatUTCPeriod,\n    \"q\": formatUTCQuarter,\n    \"Q\": formatUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": formatUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": formatUTCSeconds,\n    \"u\": formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": formatUTCWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": formatUTCWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": formatUTCWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": null,\n    \"X\": null,\n    \"y\": formatUTCYear,\n    \"Y\": formatUTCFullYear,\n    \"Z\": formatUTCZone,\n    \"%\": formatLiteralPercent\n  };\n  var parses = {\n    \"a\": parseShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": parseWeekday,\n    \"b\": parseShortMonth,\n    \"B\": parseMonth,\n    \"c\": parseLocaleDateTime,\n    \"d\": parseDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": parseDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": parseMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": parseYear,\n    \"G\": parseFullYear,\n    \"H\": parseHour24,\n    \"I\": parseHour24,\n    \"j\": parseDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": parseMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": parseMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": parseMinutes,\n    \"p\": parsePeriod,\n    \"q\": parseQuarter,\n    \"Q\": parseUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": parseUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": parseSeconds,\n    \"u\": parseWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": parseWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": parseWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": parseWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": parseWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": parseLocaleDate,\n    \"X\": parseLocaleTime,\n    \"y\": parseYear,\n    \"Y\": parseFullYear,\n    \"Z\": parseZone,\n    \"%\": parseLiteralPercent\n  };\n\n  // These recursive directive definitions must be deferred.\n  formats.x = newFormat(locale_date, formats);\n  formats.X = newFormat(locale_time, formats);\n  formats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, formats);\n  utcFormats.x = newFormat(locale_date, utcFormats);\n  utcFormats.X = newFormat(locale_time, utcFormats);\n  utcFormats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, utcFormats);\n  function newFormat(specifier, formats) {\n    return function (date) {\n      var string = [],\n        i = -1,\n        j = 0,\n        n = specifier.length,\n        c,\n        pad,\n        format;\n      if (!(date instanceof Date)) date = new Date(+date);\n      while (++i < n) {\n        if (specifier.charCodeAt(i) === 37) {\n          string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));\n          if ((pad = pads[c = specifier.charAt(++i)]) != null) c = specifier.charAt(++i);else pad = c === \"e\" ? \" \" : \"0\";\n          if (format = formats[c]) c = format(date, pad);\n          string.push(c);\n          j = i + 1;\n        }\n      }\n      string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));\n      return string.join(\"\");\n    };\n  }\n  function newParse(specifier, Z) {\n    return function (string) {\n      var d = newDate(1900, undefined, 1),\n        i = parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string += \"\", 0),\n        week,\n        day;\n      if (i != string.length) return null;\n\n      // If a UNIX timestamp is specified, return it.\n      if (\"Q\" in d) return new Date(d.Q);\n      if (\"s\" in d) return new Date(d.s * 1000 + (\"L\" in d ? d.L : 0));\n\n      // If this is utcParse, never use the local timezone.\n      if (Z && !(\"Z\" in d)) d.Z = 0;\n\n      // The am-pm flag is 0 for AM, and 1 for PM.\n      if (\"p\" in d) d.H = d.H % 12 + d.p * 12;\n\n      // If the month was not specified, inherit from the quarter.\n      if (d.m === undefined) d.m = \"q\" in d ? d.q : 0;\n\n      // Convert day-of-week and week-of-year to day-of-year.\n      if (\"V\" in d) {\n        if (d.V < 1 || d.V > 53) return null;\n        if (!(\"w\" in d)) d.w = 1;\n        if (\"Z\" in d) {\n          week = utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day = week.getUTCDay();\n          week = day > 4 || day === 0 ? utcMonday.ceil(week) : utcMonday(week);\n          week = utcDay.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7);\n          d.y = week.getUTCFullYear();\n          d.m = week.getUTCMonth();\n          d.d = week.getUTCDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7;\n        } else {\n          week = localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day = week.getDay();\n          week = day > 4 || day === 0 ? timeMonday.ceil(week) : timeMonday(week);\n          week = timeDay.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7);\n          d.y = week.getFullYear();\n          d.m = week.getMonth();\n          d.d = week.getDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7;\n        }\n      } else if (\"W\" in d || \"U\" in d) {\n        if (!(\"w\" in d)) d.w = \"u\" in d ? d.u % 7 : \"W\" in d ? 1 : 0;\n        day = \"Z\" in d ? utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getUTCDay() : localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getDay();\n        d.m = 0;\n        d.d = \"W\" in d ? (d.w + 6) % 7 + d.W * 7 - (day + 5) % 7 : d.w + d.U * 7 - (day + 6) % 7;\n      }\n\n      // If a time zone is specified, all fields are interpreted as UTC and then\n      // offset according to the specified time zone.\n      if (\"Z\" in d) {\n        d.H += d.Z / 100 | 0;\n        d.M += d.Z % 100;\n        return utcDate(d);\n      }\n\n      // Otherwise, all fields are in local time.\n      return localDate(d);\n    };\n  }\n  function parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string, j) {\n    var i = 0,\n      n = specifier.length,\n      m = string.length,\n      c,\n      parse;\n    while (i < n) {\n      if (j >= m) return -1;\n      c = specifier.charCodeAt(i++);\n      if (c === 37) {\n        c = specifier.charAt(i++);\n        parse = parses[c in pads ? specifier.charAt(i++) : c];\n        if (!parse || (j = parse(d, string, j)) < 0) return -1;\n      } else if (c != string.charCodeAt(j++)) {\n        return -1;\n      }\n    }\n    return j;\n  }\n  function parsePeriod(d, string, i) {\n    var n = periodRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.p = periodLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseShortWeekday(d, string, i) {\n    var n = shortWeekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.w = shortWeekdayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseWeekday(d, string, i) {\n    var n = weekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.w = weekdayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseShortMonth(d, string, i) {\n    var n = shortMonthRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.m = shortMonthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseMonth(d, string, i) {\n    var n = monthRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.m = monthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseLocaleDateTime(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_dateTime, string, i);\n  }\n  function parseLocaleDate(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_date, string, i);\n  }\n  function parseLocaleTime(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_time, string, i);\n  }\n  function formatShortWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getDay()];\n  }\n  function formatWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_weekdays[d.getDay()];\n  }\n  function formatShortMonth(d) {\n    return locale_shortMonths[d.getMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatMonth(d) {\n    return locale_months[d.getMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatPeriod(d) {\n    return locale_periods[+(d.getHours() >= 12)];\n  }\n  function formatQuarter(d) {\n    return 1 + ~~(d.getMonth() / 3);\n  }\n  function formatUTCShortWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getUTCDay()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_weekdays[d.getUTCDay()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCShortMonth(d) {\n    return locale_shortMonths[d.getUTCMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCMonth(d) {\n    return locale_months[d.getUTCMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCPeriod(d) {\n    return locale_periods[+(d.getUTCHours() >= 12)];\n  }\n  function formatUTCQuarter(d) {\n    return 1 + ~~(d.getUTCMonth() / 3);\n  }\n  return {\n    format: function format(specifier) {\n      var f = newFormat(specifier += \"\", formats);\n      f.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return f;\n    },\n    parse: function parse(specifier) {\n      var p = newParse(specifier += \"\", false);\n      p.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return p;\n    },\n    utcFormat: function utcFormat(specifier) {\n      var f = newFormat(specifier += \"\", utcFormats);\n      f.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return f;\n    },\n    utcParse: function utcParse(specifier) {\n      var p = newParse(specifier += \"\", true);\n      p.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return p;\n    }\n  };\n}\nvar pads = {\n    \"-\": \"\",\n    \"_\": \" \",\n    \"0\": \"0\"\n  },\n  numberRe = /^\\s*\\d+/,\n  // note: ignores next directive\n  percentRe = /^%/,\n  requoteRe = /[\\\\^$*+?|[\\]().{}]/g;\nfunction pad(value, fill, width) {\n  var sign = value < 0 ? \"-\" : \"\",\n    string = (sign ? -value : value) + \"\",\n    length = string.length;\n  return sign + (length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + string : string);\n}\nfunction requote(s) {\n  return s.replace(requoteRe, \"\\\\$&\");\n}\nfunction formatRe(names) {\n  return new RegExp(\"^(?:\" + names.map(requote).join(\"|\") + \")\", \"i\");\n}\nfunction formatLookup(names) {\n  return new Map(names.map(function (name, i) {\n    return [name.toLowerCase(), i];\n  }));\n}\nfunction parseWeekdayNumberSunday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.w = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekdayNumberMonday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.u = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberSunday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.U = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberISO(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.V = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberMonday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.W = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseFullYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 4));\n  return n ? (d.y = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.y = +n[0] + (+n[0] > 68 ? 1900 : 2000), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseZone(d, string, i) {\n  var n = /^(Z)|([+-]\\d\\d)(?::?(\\d\\d))?/.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6));\n  return n ? (d.Z = n[1] ? 0 : -(n[2] + (n[3] || \"00\")), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseQuarter(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.q = n[0] * 3 - 3, i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMonthNumber(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.m = n[0] - 1, i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseDayOfMonth(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseDayOfYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));\n  return n ? (d.m = 0, d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseHour24(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.H = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMinutes(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.M = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseSeconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.S = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMilliseconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));\n  return n ? (d.L = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMicroseconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6));\n  return n ? (d.L = Math.floor(n[0] / 1000), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseLiteralPercent(d, string, i) {\n  var n = percentRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? i + n[0].length : -1;\n}\nfunction parseUnixTimestamp(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n  return n ? (d.Q = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseUnixTimestampSeconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n  return n ? (d.s = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction formatDayOfMonth(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getDate(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatHour24(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getHours(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatHour12(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatDayOfYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(1 + timeDay.count(timeYear(d), d), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatMilliseconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMilliseconds(), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatMicroseconds(d, p) {\n  return formatMilliseconds(d, p) + \"000\";\n}\nfunction formatMonthNumber(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMonth() + 1, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatMinutes(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMinutes(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatSeconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getSeconds(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatWeekdayNumberMonday(d) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  return day === 0 ? 7 : day;\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {\n  return pad(timeSunday.count(timeYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction dISO(d) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  return day >= 4 || day === 0 ? timeThursday(d) : timeThursday.ceil(d);\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberISO(d, p) {\n  d = dISO(d);\n  return pad(timeThursday.count(timeYear(d), d) + (timeYear(d).getDay() === 4), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatWeekdayNumberSunday(d) {\n  return d.getDay();\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {\n  return pad(timeMonday.count(timeYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatYearISO(d, p) {\n  d = dISO(d);\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatFullYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatFullYearISO(d, p) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  d = day >= 4 || day === 0 ? timeThursday(d) : timeThursday.ceil(d);\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatZone(d) {\n  var z = d.getTimezoneOffset();\n  return (z > 0 ? \"-\" : (z *= -1, \"+\")) + pad(z / 60 | 0, \"0\", 2) + pad(z % 60, \"0\", 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCDayOfMonth(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCDate(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCHour24(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCHours(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCHour12(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCDayOfYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(1 + utcDay.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMilliseconds(), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMicroseconds(d, p) {\n  return formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) + \"000\";\n}\nfunction formatUTCMonthNumber(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMinutes(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMinutes(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCSeconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCSeconds(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday(d) {\n  var dow = d.getUTCDay();\n  return dow === 0 ? 7 : dow;\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {\n  return pad(utcSunday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction UTCdISO(d) {\n  var day = d.getUTCDay();\n  return day >= 4 || day === 0 ? utcThursday(d) : utcThursday.ceil(d);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberISO(d, p) {\n  d = UTCdISO(d);\n  return pad(utcThursday.count(utcYear(d), d) + (utcYear(d).getUTCDay() === 4), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday(d) {\n  return d.getUTCDay();\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {\n  return pad(utcMonday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCYearISO(d, p) {\n  d = UTCdISO(d);\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCFullYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatUTCFullYearISO(d, p) {\n  var day = d.getUTCDay();\n  d = day >= 4 || day === 0 ? utcThursday(d) : utcThursday.ceil(d);\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatUTCZone() {\n  return \"+0000\";\n}\nfunction formatLiteralPercent() {\n  return \"%\";\n}\nfunction formatUnixTimestamp(d) {\n  return +d;\n}\nfunction formatUnixTimestampSeconds(d) {\n  return Math.floor(+d / 1000);\n}","import formatLocale from \"./locale.js\";\nvar locale;\nexport var timeFormat;\nexport var timeParse;\nexport var utcFormat;\nexport var utcParse;\ndefaultLocale({\n  dateTime: \"%x, %X\",\n  date: \"%-m/%-d/%Y\",\n  time: \"%-I:%M:%S %p\",\n  periods: [\"AM\", \"PM\"],\n  days: [\"Sunday\", \"Monday\", \"Tuesday\", \"Wednesday\", \"Thursday\", \"Friday\", \"Saturday\"],\n  shortDays: [\"Sun\", \"Mon\", \"Tue\", \"Wed\", \"Thu\", \"Fri\", \"Sat\"],\n  months: [\"January\", \"February\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\", \"July\", \"August\", \"September\", \"October\", \"November\", \"December\"],\n  shortMonths: [\"Jan\", \"Feb\", \"Mar\", \"Apr\", \"May\", \"Jun\", \"Jul\", \"Aug\", \"Sep\", \"Oct\", \"Nov\", \"Dec\"]\n});\nexport default function defaultLocale(definition) {\n  locale = formatLocale(definition);\n  timeFormat = locale.format;\n  timeParse = locale.parse;\n  utcFormat = locale.utcFormat;\n  utcParse = locale.utcParse;\n  return locale;\n}","import { timeYear, timeMonth, timeWeek, timeDay, timeHour, timeMinute, timeSecond, timeTicks, timeTickInterval } from \"d3-time\";\nimport { timeFormat } from \"d3-time-format\";\nimport continuous, { copy } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport nice from \"./nice.js\";\nfunction date(t) {\n  return new Date(t);\n}\nfunction number(t) {\n  return t instanceof Date ? +t : +new Date(+t);\n}\nexport function calendar(ticks, tickInterval, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, format) {\n  var scale = continuous(),\n    invert = scale.invert,\n    domain = scale.domain;\n  var formatMillisecond = format(\".%L\"),\n    formatSecond = format(\":%S\"),\n    formatMinute = format(\"%I:%M\"),\n    formatHour = format(\"%I %p\"),\n    formatDay = format(\"%a %d\"),\n    formatWeek = format(\"%b %d\"),\n    formatMonth = format(\"%B\"),\n    formatYear = format(\"%Y\");\n  function tickFormat(date) {\n    return (second(date) < date ? formatMillisecond : minute(date) < date ? formatSecond : hour(date) < date ? formatMinute : day(date) < date ? formatHour : month(date) < date ? week(date) < date ? formatDay : formatWeek : year(date) < date ? formatMonth : formatYear)(date);\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return new Date(invert(y));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? domain(Array.from(_, number)) : domain().map(date);\n  };\n  scale.ticks = function (interval) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], interval == null ? 10 : interval);\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    return specifier == null ? tickFormat : format(specifier);\n  };\n  scale.nice = function (interval) {\n    var d = domain();\n    if (!interval || typeof interval.range !== \"function\") interval = tickInterval(d[0], d[d.length - 1], interval == null ? 10 : interval);\n    return interval ? domain(nice(d, interval)) : scale;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, calendar(ticks, tickInterval, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, format));\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function time() {\n  return initRange.apply(calendar(timeTicks, timeTickInterval, timeYear, timeMonth, timeWeek, timeDay, timeHour, timeMinute, timeSecond, timeFormat).domain([new Date(2000, 0, 1), new Date(2000, 0, 2)]), arguments);\n}","import { utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute, utcSecond, utcTicks, utcTickInterval } from \"d3-time\";\nimport { utcFormat } from \"d3-time-format\";\nimport { calendar } from \"./time.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function utcTime() {\n  return initRange.apply(calendar(utcTicks, utcTickInterval, utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute, utcSecond, utcFormat).domain([Date.UTC(2000, 0, 1), Date.UTC(2000, 0, 2)]), arguments);\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { interpolate, interpolateRound } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { loggish } from \"./log.js\";\nimport { symlogish } from \"./symlog.js\";\nimport { powish } from \"./pow.js\";\nfunction transformer() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 1,\n    t0,\n    t1,\n    k10,\n    transform,\n    interpolator = identity,\n    clamp = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : interpolator(k10 === 0 ? 0.5 : (x = (transform(x) - t0) * k10, clamp ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, x)) : x));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1]), t0 = transform(x0 = +x0), t1 = transform(x1 = +x1), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 1 / (t1 - t0), scale) : [x0, x1];\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, scale) : clamp;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  function range(interpolate) {\n    return function (_) {\n      var _ref2;\n      var r0, r1;\n      return arguments.length ? ((_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1]), interpolator = interpolate(r0, r1), scale) : [interpolator(0), interpolator(1)];\n    };\n  }\n  scale.range = range(interpolate);\n  scale.rangeRound = range(interpolateRound);\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t) {\n    transform = t, t0 = t(x0), t1 = t(x1), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 1 / (t1 - t0);\n    return scale;\n  };\n}\nexport function copy(source, target) {\n  return target.domain(source.domain()).interpolator(source.interpolator()).clamp(source.clamp()).unknown(source.unknown());\n}\nexport default function sequential() {\n  var scale = linearish(transformer()(identity));\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequential());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialLog() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialLog()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialSymlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialSymlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialPow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialPow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialSqrt() {\n  return sequentialPow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { ascending, bisect, quantile } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function sequentialQuantile() {\n  var domain = [],\n    interpolator = identity;\n  function scale(x) {\n    if (x != null && !isNaN(x = +x)) return interpolator((bisect(domain, x, 1) - 1) / (domain.length - 1));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [];\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        if (d != null && !isNaN(d = +d)) domain.push(d);\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    domain.sort(ascending);\n    return scale;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  scale.range = function () {\n    return domain.map(function (d, i) {\n      return interpolator(i / (domain.length - 1));\n    });\n  };\n  scale.quantiles = function (n) {\n    return Array.from({\n      length: n + 1\n    }, function (_, i) {\n      return quantile(domain, i / n);\n    });\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return sequentialQuantile(interpolator).domain(domain);\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import { default as value } from \"./value.js\";\nexport default function piecewise(interpolate, values) {\n  if (values === undefined) values = interpolate, interpolate = value;\n  var i = 0,\n    n = values.length - 1,\n    v = values[0],\n    I = new Array(n < 0 ? 0 : n);\n  while (i < n) {\n    I[i] = interpolate(v, v = values[++i]);\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = Math.max(0, Math.min(n - 1, Math.floor(t *= n)));\n    return I[i](t - i);\n  };\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { interpolate, interpolateRound, piecewise } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { loggish } from \"./log.js\";\nimport { copy } from \"./sequential.js\";\nimport { symlogish } from \"./symlog.js\";\nimport { powish } from \"./pow.js\";\nfunction transformer() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 0.5,\n    x2 = 1,\n    s = 1,\n    t0,\n    t1,\n    t2,\n    k10,\n    k21,\n    interpolator = identity,\n    transform,\n    clamp = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (x = 0.5 + ((x = +transform(x)) - t1) * (s * x < s * t1 ? k10 : k21), interpolator(clamp ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, x)) : x));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 3), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1], x2 = _ref[2]), t0 = transform(x0 = +x0), t1 = transform(x1 = +x1), t2 = transform(x2 = +x2), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t1 - t0), k21 = t1 === t2 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t2 - t1), s = t1 < t0 ? -1 : 1, scale) : [x0, x1, x2];\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, scale) : clamp;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  function range(interpolate) {\n    return function (_) {\n      var _ref2;\n      var r0, r1, r2;\n      return arguments.length ? ((_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 3), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1], r2 = _ref2[2]), interpolator = piecewise(interpolate, [r0, r1, r2]), scale) : [interpolator(0), interpolator(0.5), interpolator(1)];\n    };\n  }\n  scale.range = range(interpolate);\n  scale.rangeRound = range(interpolateRound);\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t) {\n    transform = t, t0 = t(x0), t1 = t(x1), t2 = t(x2), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t1 - t0), k21 = t1 === t2 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t2 - t1), s = t1 < t0 ? -1 : 1;\n    return scale;\n  };\n}\nexport default function diverging() {\n  var scale = linearish(transformer()(identity));\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, diverging());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingLog() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([0.1, 1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingLog()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingSymlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingSymlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingPow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingPow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingSqrt() {\n  return divergingPow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","export default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 1)) return;\n  for (var i = 1, j, s0, s1 = series[order[0]], n, m = s1.length; i < n; ++i) {\n    s0 = s1, s1 = series[order[i]];\n    for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) {\n      s1[j][1] += s1[j][0] = isNaN(s0[j][1]) ? s0[j][0] : s0[j][1];\n    }\n  }\n}","export default function (series) {\n  var n = series.length,\n    o = new Array(n);\n  while (--n >= 0) {\n    o[n] = n;\n  }\n  return o;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport offsetNone from \"./offset/none.js\";\nimport orderNone from \"./order/none.js\";\nfunction stackValue(d, key) {\n  return d[key];\n}\nfunction stackSeries(key) {\n  var series = [];\n  series.key = key;\n  return series;\n}\nexport default function () {\n  var keys = constant([]),\n    order = orderNone,\n    offset = offsetNone,\n    value = stackValue;\n  function stack(data) {\n    var sz = Array.from(keys.apply(this, arguments), stackSeries),\n      i,\n      n = sz.length,\n      j = -1,\n      oz;\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(data),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        for (i = 0, ++j; i < n; ++i) {\n          (sz[i][j] = [0, +value(d, sz[i].key, j, data)]).data = d;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    for (i = 0, oz = array(order(sz)); i < n; ++i) {\n      sz[oz[i]].index = i;\n    }\n    offset(sz, oz);\n    return sz;\n  }\n  stack.keys = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (keys = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(Array.from(_)), stack) : keys;\n  };\n  stack.value = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (value = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), stack) : value;\n  };\n  stack.order = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (order = _ == null ? orderNone : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(Array.from(_)), stack) : order;\n  };\n  stack.offset = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (offset = _ == null ? offsetNone : _, stack) : offset;\n  };\n  return stack;\n}","import _isEqual from \"lodash/isEqual\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _isNaN from \"lodash/isNaN\";\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nimport _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _max from \"lodash/max\";\nimport _min from \"lodash/min\";\nimport _flatMap from \"lodash/flatMap\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport { getNiceTickValues, getTickValuesFixedDomain } from 'recharts-scale';\nimport * as d3Scales from 'd3-scale';\nimport { stack as shapeStack, stackOrderNone, stackOffsetExpand, stackOffsetNone, stackOffsetSilhouette, stackOffsetWiggle } from 'd3-shape';\nimport { isNumOrStr, uniqueId, isNumber, getPercentValue, mathSign, findEntryInArray } from './DataUtils';\nimport { Legend } from '../component/Legend';\nimport { findAllByType, findChildByType, getDisplayName } from './ReactUtils'; // TODO: Cause of circular dependency. Needs refactor.\n// import { RadiusAxisProps, AngleAxisProps } from '../polar/types';\n\nimport { filterProps } from './types';\nexport function getValueByDataKey(obj, dataKey, defaultValue) {\n  if (_isNil(obj) || _isNil(dataKey)) {\n    return defaultValue;\n  }\n  if (isNumOrStr(dataKey)) {\n    return _get(obj, dataKey, defaultValue);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(dataKey)) {\n    return dataKey(obj);\n  }\n  return defaultValue;\n}\n/**\n * Get domain of data by key\n * @param  {Array}   data      The data displayed in the chart\n * @param  {String}  key       The unique key of a group of data\n * @param  {String}  type      The type of axis\n * @param  {Boolean} filterNil Whether or not filter nil values\n * @return {Array} Domain of data\n */\n\nexport function getDomainOfDataByKey(data, key, type, filterNil) {\n  var flattenData = _flatMap(data, function (entry) {\n    return getValueByDataKey(entry, key);\n  });\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    var domain = flattenData.filter(function (entry) {\n      return isNumber(entry) || parseFloat(entry);\n    });\n    return domain.length ? [_min(domain), _max(domain)] : [Infinity, -Infinity];\n  }\n  var validateData = filterNil ? flattenData.filter(function (entry) {\n    return !_isNil(entry);\n  }) : flattenData; // 支持Date类型的x轴\n\n  return validateData.map(function (entry) {\n    return isNumOrStr(entry) || entry instanceof Date ? entry : '';\n  });\n}\nexport var calculateActiveTickIndex = function calculateActiveTickIndex(coordinate) {\n  var _ticks$length;\n  var ticks = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : [];\n  var unsortedTicks = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var axis = arguments.length > 3 ? arguments[3] : undefined;\n  var index = -1;\n  var len = (_ticks$length = ticks === null || ticks === void 0 ? void 0 : ticks.length) !== null && _ticks$length !== void 0 ? _ticks$length : 0;\n  if (len > 1) {\n    if (axis && axis.axisType === 'angleAxis' && Math.abs(Math.abs(axis.range[1] - axis.range[0]) - 360) <= 1e-6) {\n      var range = axis.range; // ticks are distributed in a circle\n\n      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        var before = i > 0 ? unsortedTicks[i - 1].coordinate : unsortedTicks[len - 1].coordinate;\n        var cur = unsortedTicks[i].coordinate;\n        var after = i >= len - 1 ? unsortedTicks[0].coordinate : unsortedTicks[i + 1].coordinate;\n        var sameDirectionCoord = void 0;\n        if (mathSign(cur - before) !== mathSign(after - cur)) {\n          var diffInterval = [];\n          if (mathSign(after - cur) === mathSign(range[1] - range[0])) {\n            sameDirectionCoord = after;\n            var curInRange = cur + range[1] - range[0];\n            diffInterval[0] = Math.min(curInRange, (curInRange + before) / 2);\n            diffInterval[1] = Math.max(curInRange, (curInRange + before) / 2);\n          } else {\n            sameDirectionCoord = before;\n            var afterInRange = after + range[1] - range[0];\n            diffInterval[0] = Math.min(cur, (afterInRange + cur) / 2);\n            diffInterval[1] = Math.max(cur, (afterInRange + cur) / 2);\n          }\n          var sameInterval = [Math.min(cur, (sameDirectionCoord + cur) / 2), Math.max(cur, (sameDirectionCoord + cur) / 2)];\n          if (coordinate > sameInterval[0] && coordinate <= sameInterval[1] || coordinate >= diffInterval[0] && coordinate <= diffInterval[1]) {\n            index = unsortedTicks[i].index;\n            break;\n          }\n        } else {\n          var min = Math.min(before, after);\n          var max = Math.max(before, after);\n          if (coordinate > (min + cur) / 2 && coordinate <= (max + cur) / 2) {\n            index = unsortedTicks[i].index;\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // ticks are distributed in a single direction\n      for (var _i = 0; _i < len; _i++) {\n        if (_i === 0 && coordinate <= (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i + 1].coordinate) / 2 || _i > 0 && _i < len - 1 && coordinate > (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i - 1].coordinate) / 2 && coordinate <= (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i + 1].coordinate) / 2 || _i === len - 1 && coordinate > (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i - 1].coordinate) / 2) {\n          index = ticks[_i].index;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  } else {\n    index = 0;\n  }\n  return index;\n};\n/**\n * Get the main color of each graphic item\n * @param  {ReactElement} item A graphic item\n * @return {String}            Color\n */\n\nexport var getMainColorOfGraphicItem = function getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item) {\n  var _ref = item,\n    displayName = _ref.type.displayName; // TODO: check if displayName is valid.\n\n  var _item$props = item.props,\n    stroke = _item$props.stroke,\n    fill = _item$props.fill;\n  var result;\n  switch (displayName) {\n    case 'Line':\n      result = stroke;\n      break;\n    case 'Area':\n    case 'Radar':\n      result = stroke && stroke !== 'none' ? stroke : fill;\n      break;\n    default:\n      result = fill;\n      break;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport var getLegendProps = function getLegendProps(_ref2) {\n  var children = _ref2.children,\n    formattedGraphicalItems = _ref2.formattedGraphicalItems,\n    legendWidth = _ref2.legendWidth,\n    legendContent = _ref2.legendContent;\n  var legendItem = findChildByType(children, Legend.displayName);\n  if (!legendItem) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var legendData;\n  if (legendItem.props && legendItem.props.payload) {\n    legendData = legendItem.props && legendItem.props.payload;\n  } else if (legendContent === 'children') {\n    legendData = (formattedGraphicalItems || []).reduce(function (result, _ref3) {\n      var item = _ref3.item,\n        props = _ref3.props;\n      var data = props.sectors || props.data || [];\n      return result.concat(data.map(function (entry) {\n        return {\n          type: legendItem.props.iconType || item.props.legendType,\n          value: entry.name,\n          color: entry.fill,\n          payload: entry\n        };\n      }));\n    }, []);\n  } else {\n    legendData = (formattedGraphicalItems || []).map(function (_ref4) {\n      var item = _ref4.item;\n      var _item$props2 = item.props,\n        dataKey = _item$props2.dataKey,\n        name = _item$props2.name,\n        legendType = _item$props2.legendType,\n        hide = _item$props2.hide;\n      return {\n        inactive: hide,\n        dataKey: dataKey,\n        type: legendItem.props.iconType || legendType || 'square',\n        color: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item),\n        value: name || dataKey,\n        payload: item.props\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, legendItem.props), Legend.getWithHeight(legendItem, legendWidth)), {}, {\n    payload: legendData,\n    item: legendItem\n  });\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size of all groups for stacked bar graph\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @return {Object} The size of all groups\n */\n\nexport var getBarSizeList = function getBarSizeList(_ref5) {\n  var globalSize = _ref5.barSize,\n    _ref5$stackGroups = _ref5.stackGroups,\n    stackGroups = _ref5$stackGroups === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$stackGroups;\n  if (!stackGroups) {\n    return {};\n  }\n  var result = {};\n  var numericAxisIds = Object.keys(stackGroups);\n  for (var i = 0, len = numericAxisIds.length; i < len; i++) {\n    var sgs = stackGroups[numericAxisIds[i]].stackGroups;\n    var stackIds = Object.keys(sgs);\n    for (var j = 0, sLen = stackIds.length; j < sLen; j++) {\n      var _sgs$stackIds$j = sgs[stackIds[j]],\n        items = _sgs$stackIds$j.items,\n        cateAxisId = _sgs$stackIds$j.cateAxisId;\n      var barItems = items.filter(function (item) {\n        return getDisplayName(item.type).indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n      });\n      if (barItems && barItems.length) {\n        var selfSize = barItems[0].props.barSize;\n        var cateId = barItems[0].props[cateAxisId];\n        if (!result[cateId]) {\n          result[cateId] = [];\n        }\n        result[cateId].push({\n          item: barItems[0],\n          stackList: barItems.slice(1),\n          barSize: _isNil(selfSize) ? globalSize : selfSize\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size of each bar and the gap between two bars\n * @param  {Number} bandSize  The size of each category\n * @param  {sizeList} sizeList  The size of all groups\n * @param  {maxBarSize} maxBarSize The maximum size of bar\n * @return {Number} The size of each bar and the gap between two bars\n */\n\nexport var getBarPosition = function getBarPosition(_ref6) {\n  var barGap = _ref6.barGap,\n    barCategoryGap = _ref6.barCategoryGap,\n    bandSize = _ref6.bandSize,\n    _ref6$sizeList = _ref6.sizeList,\n    sizeList = _ref6$sizeList === void 0 ? [] : _ref6$sizeList,\n    maxBarSize = _ref6.maxBarSize;\n  var len = sizeList.length;\n  if (len < 1) return null;\n  var realBarGap = getPercentValue(barGap, bandSize, 0, true);\n  var result; // whether or not is barSize setted by user\n\n  if (sizeList[0].barSize === +sizeList[0].barSize) {\n    var useFull = false;\n    var fullBarSize = bandSize / len;\n    var sum = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      return res + entry.barSize || 0;\n    }, 0);\n    sum += (len - 1) * realBarGap;\n    if (sum >= bandSize) {\n      sum -= (len - 1) * realBarGap;\n      realBarGap = 0;\n    }\n    if (sum >= bandSize && fullBarSize > 0) {\n      useFull = true;\n      fullBarSize *= 0.9;\n      sum = len * fullBarSize;\n    }\n    var offset = (bandSize - sum) / 2 >> 0;\n    var prev = {\n      offset: offset - realBarGap,\n      size: 0\n    };\n    result = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      var newRes = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(res), [{\n        item: entry.item,\n        position: {\n          offset: prev.offset + prev.size + realBarGap,\n          size: useFull ? fullBarSize : entry.barSize\n        }\n      }]);\n      prev = newRes[newRes.length - 1].position;\n      if (entry.stackList && entry.stackList.length) {\n        entry.stackList.forEach(function (item) {\n          newRes.push({\n            item: item,\n            position: prev\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      return newRes;\n    }, []);\n  } else {\n    var _offset = getPercentValue(barCategoryGap, bandSize, 0, true);\n    if (bandSize - 2 * _offset - (len - 1) * realBarGap <= 0) {\n      realBarGap = 0;\n    }\n    var originalSize = (bandSize - 2 * _offset - (len - 1) * realBarGap) / len;\n    if (originalSize > 1) {\n      originalSize >>= 0;\n    }\n    var size = maxBarSize === +maxBarSize ? Math.min(originalSize, maxBarSize) : originalSize;\n    result = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry, i) {\n      var newRes = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(res), [{\n        item: entry.item,\n        position: {\n          offset: _offset + (originalSize + realBarGap) * i + (originalSize - size) / 2,\n          size: size\n        }\n      }]);\n      if (entry.stackList && entry.stackList.length) {\n        entry.stackList.forEach(function (item) {\n          newRes.push({\n            item: item,\n            position: newRes[newRes.length - 1].position\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      return newRes;\n    }, []);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport var appendOffsetOfLegend = function appendOffsetOfLegend(offset, items, props, legendBox) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    width = props.width,\n    margin = props.margin;\n  var legendWidth = width - (margin.left || 0) - (margin.right || 0); // const legendHeight = height - (margin.top || 0) - (margin.bottom || 0);\n\n  var legendProps = getLegendProps({\n    children: children,\n    legendWidth: legendWidth\n  });\n  var newOffset = offset;\n  if (legendProps) {\n    var box = legendBox || {};\n    var align = legendProps.align,\n      verticalAlign = legendProps.verticalAlign,\n      layout = legendProps.layout;\n    if ((layout === 'vertical' || layout === 'horizontal' && verticalAlign === 'center') && isNumber(offset[align])) {\n      newOffset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, _defineProperty({}, align, newOffset[align] + (box.width || 0)));\n    }\n    if ((layout === 'horizontal' || layout === 'vertical' && align === 'center') && isNumber(offset[verticalAlign])) {\n      newOffset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, _defineProperty({}, verticalAlign, newOffset[verticalAlign] + (box.height || 0)));\n    }\n  }\n  return newOffset;\n};\nvar isErrorBarRelevantForAxis = function isErrorBarRelevantForAxis(layout, axisType, direction) {\n  if (_isNil(axisType)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return axisType === 'yAxis';\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return axisType === 'xAxis';\n  }\n  if (direction === 'x') {\n    return axisType === 'xAxis';\n  }\n  if (direction === 'y') {\n    return axisType === 'yAxis';\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nexport var getDomainOfErrorBars = function getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout, axisType) {\n  var children = item.props.children;\n  var errorBars = findAllByType(children, 'ErrorBar').filter(function (errorBarChild) {\n    return isErrorBarRelevantForAxis(layout, axisType, errorBarChild.props.direction);\n  });\n  if (errorBars && errorBars.length) {\n    var keys = errorBars.map(function (errorBarChild) {\n      return errorBarChild.props.dataKey;\n    });\n    return data.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      var entryValue = getValueByDataKey(entry, dataKey, 0);\n      var mainValue = _isArray(entryValue) ? [_min(entryValue), _max(entryValue)] : [entryValue, entryValue];\n      var errorDomain = keys.reduce(function (prevErrorArr, k) {\n        var errorValue = getValueByDataKey(entry, k, 0);\n        var lowerValue = mainValue[0] - Math.abs(_isArray(errorValue) ? errorValue[0] : errorValue);\n        var upperValue = mainValue[1] + Math.abs(_isArray(errorValue) ? errorValue[1] : errorValue);\n        return [Math.min(lowerValue, prevErrorArr[0]), Math.max(upperValue, prevErrorArr[1])];\n      }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n      return [Math.min(errorDomain[0], result[0]), Math.max(errorDomain[1], result[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var parseErrorBarsOfAxis = function parseErrorBarsOfAxis(data, items, dataKey, axisType, layout) {\n  var domains = items.map(function (item) {\n    return getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout, axisType);\n  }).filter(function (entry) {\n    return !_isNil(entry);\n  });\n  if (domains && domains.length) {\n    return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return [Math.min(result[0], entry[0]), Math.max(result[1], entry[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Get domain of data by the configuration of item element\n * @param  {Array}   data      The data displayed in the chart\n * @param  {Array}   items     The instances of item\n * @param  {String}  type      The type of axis, number - Number Axis, category - Category Axis\n * @param  {LayoutType} layout The type of layout\n * @param  {Boolean} filterNil Whether or not filter nil values\n * @return {Array}        Domain\n */\n\nexport var getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis = function getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(data, items, type, layout, filterNil) {\n  var domains = items.map(function (item) {\n    var dataKey = item.props.dataKey;\n    if (type === 'number' && dataKey) {\n      return getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout) || getDomainOfDataByKey(data, dataKey, type, filterNil);\n    }\n    return getDomainOfDataByKey(data, dataKey, type, filterNil);\n  });\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    // Calculate the domain of number axis\n    return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return [Math.min(result[0], entry[0]), Math.max(result[1], entry[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  var tag = {}; // Get the union set of category axis\n\n  return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    for (var i = 0, len = entry.length; i < len; i++) {\n      if (!tag[entry[i]]) {\n        tag[entry[i]] = true;\n        result.push(entry[i]);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, []);\n};\nexport var isCategoricalAxis = function isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType) {\n  return layout === 'horizontal' && axisType === 'xAxis' || layout === 'vertical' && axisType === 'yAxis' || layout === 'centric' && axisType === 'angleAxis' || layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'radiusAxis';\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the Coordinates of grid\n * @param  {Array} ticks The ticks in axis\n * @param {Number} min   The minimun value of axis\n * @param {Number} max   The maximun value of axis\n * @return {Array}       Coordinates\n */\n\nexport var getCoordinatesOfGrid = function getCoordinatesOfGrid(ticks, min, max) {\n  var hasMin, hasMax;\n  var values = ticks.map(function (entry) {\n    if (entry.coordinate === min) {\n      hasMin = true;\n    }\n    if (entry.coordinate === max) {\n      hasMax = true;\n    }\n    return entry.coordinate;\n  });\n  if (!hasMin) {\n    values.push(min);\n  }\n  if (!hasMax) {\n    values.push(max);\n  }\n  return values;\n};\n/**\n * Get the ticks of an axis\n * @param  {Object}  axis The configuration of an axis\n * @param {Boolean} isGrid Whether or not are the ticks in grid\n * @param {Boolean} isAll Return the ticks of all the points or not\n * @return {Array}  Ticks\n */\n\nexport var getTicksOfAxis = function getTicksOfAxis(axis, isGrid, isAll) {\n  if (!axis) return null;\n  var scale = axis.scale;\n  var duplicateDomain = axis.duplicateDomain,\n    type = axis.type,\n    range = axis.range;\n  var offsetForBand = axis.realScaleType === 'scaleBand' ? scale.bandwidth() / 2 : 2;\n  var offset = (isGrid || isAll) && type === 'category' && scale.bandwidth ? scale.bandwidth() / offsetForBand : 0;\n  offset = axis.axisType === 'angleAxis' ? mathSign(range[0] - range[1]) * 2 * offset : offset; // The ticks setted by user should only affect the ticks adjacent to axis line\n\n  if (isGrid && (axis.ticks || axis.niceTicks)) {\n    return (axis.ticks || axis.niceTicks).map(function (entry) {\n      var scaleContent = duplicateDomain ? duplicateDomain.indexOf(entry) : entry;\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(scaleContent) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  } // When axis is a categorial axis, but the type of axis is number or the scale of axis is not \"auto\"\n\n  if (axis.isCategorical && axis.categoricalDomain) {\n    return axis.categoricalDomain.map(function (entry, index) {\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        index: index,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  if (scale.ticks && !isAll) {\n    return scale.ticks(axis.tickCount).map(function (entry) {\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  } // When axis has duplicated text, serial numbers are used to generate scale\n\n  return scale.domain().map(function (entry, index) {\n    return {\n      coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n      value: duplicateDomain ? duplicateDomain[entry] : entry,\n      index: index,\n      offset: offset\n    };\n  });\n};\n/**\n * combine the handlers\n * @param  {Function} defaultHandler Internal private handler\n * @param  {Function} parentHandler  Handler function specified in parent component\n * @param  {Function} childHandler   Handler function specified in child component\n * @return {Function}                The combined handler\n */\n\nexport var combineEventHandlers = function combineEventHandlers(defaultHandler, parentHandler, childHandler) {\n  var customizedHandler;\n  if (_isFunction(childHandler)) {\n    customizedHandler = childHandler;\n  } else if (_isFunction(parentHandler)) {\n    customizedHandler = parentHandler;\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(defaultHandler) || customizedHandler) {\n    return function (arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {\n      if (_isFunction(defaultHandler)) {\n        defaultHandler(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);\n      }\n      if (_isFunction(customizedHandler)) {\n        customizedHandler(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Parse the scale function of axis\n * @param  {Object}   axis          The option of axis\n * @param  {String}   chartType     The displayName of chart\n * @param  {Boolean}  hasBar        if it has a bar\n * @return {Function}               The scale function\n */\n\nexport var parseScale = function parseScale(axis, chartType, hasBar) {\n  var scale = axis.scale,\n    type = axis.type,\n    layout = axis.layout,\n    axisType = axis.axisType;\n  if (scale === 'auto') {\n    if (layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'radiusAxis') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleBand(),\n        realScaleType: 'band'\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'angleAxis') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleLinear(),\n        realScaleType: 'linear'\n      };\n    }\n    if (type === 'category' && chartType && (chartType.indexOf('LineChart') >= 0 || chartType.indexOf('AreaChart') >= 0 || chartType.indexOf('ComposedChart') >= 0 && !hasBar)) {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scalePoint(),\n        realScaleType: 'point'\n      };\n    }\n    if (type === 'category') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleBand(),\n        realScaleType: 'band'\n      };\n    }\n    return {\n      scale: d3Scales.scaleLinear(),\n      realScaleType: 'linear'\n    };\n  }\n  if (_isString(scale)) {\n    var name = \"scale\".concat(_upperFirst(scale));\n    return {\n      scale: (d3Scales[name] || d3Scales.scalePoint)(),\n      realScaleType: d3Scales[name] ? name : 'point'\n    };\n  }\n  return _isFunction(scale) ? {\n    scale: scale\n  } : {\n    scale: d3Scales.scalePoint(),\n    realScaleType: 'point'\n  };\n};\nvar EPS = 1e-4;\nexport var checkDomainOfScale = function checkDomainOfScale(scale) {\n  var domain = scale.domain();\n  if (!domain || domain.length <= 2) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var len = domain.length;\n  var range = scale.range();\n  var min = Math.min(range[0], range[1]) - EPS;\n  var max = Math.max(range[0], range[1]) + EPS;\n  var first = scale(domain[0]);\n  var last = scale(domain[len - 1]);\n  if (first < min || first > max || last < min || last > max) {\n    scale.domain([domain[0], domain[len - 1]]);\n  }\n};\nexport var findPositionOfBar = function findPositionOfBar(barPosition, child) {\n  if (!barPosition) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  for (var i = 0, len = barPosition.length; i < len; i++) {\n    if (barPosition[i].item === child) {\n      return barPosition[i].position;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var truncateByDomain = function truncateByDomain(value, domain) {\n  if (!domain || domain.length !== 2 || !isNumber(domain[0]) || !isNumber(domain[1])) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  var min = Math.min(domain[0], domain[1]);\n  var max = Math.max(domain[0], domain[1]);\n  var result = [value[0], value[1]];\n  if (!isNumber(value[0]) || value[0] < min) {\n    result[0] = min;\n  }\n  if (!isNumber(value[1]) || value[1] > max) {\n    result[1] = max;\n  }\n  if (result[0] > max) {\n    result[0] = max;\n  }\n  if (result[1] < min) {\n    result[1] = min;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n/* eslint no-param-reassign: 0 */\n\nexport var offsetSign = function offsetSign(series) {\n  var n = series.length;\n  if (n <= 0) {\n    return;\n  }\n  for (var j = 0, m = series[0].length; j < m; ++j) {\n    var positive = 0;\n    var negative = 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var value = _isNaN(series[i][j][1]) ? series[i][j][0] : series[i][j][1];\n      /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n      if (value >= 0) {\n        series[i][j][0] = positive;\n        series[i][j][1] = positive + value;\n        positive = series[i][j][1];\n      } else {\n        series[i][j][0] = negative;\n        series[i][j][1] = negative + value;\n        negative = series[i][j][1];\n      }\n      /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n    }\n  }\n};\n/* eslint no-param-reassign: 0 */\n\nexport var offsetPositive = function offsetPositive(series) {\n  var n = series.length;\n  if (n <= 0) {\n    return;\n  }\n  for (var j = 0, m = series[0].length; j < m; ++j) {\n    var positive = 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var value = _isNaN(series[i][j][1]) ? series[i][j][0] : series[i][j][1];\n      /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n      if (value >= 0) {\n        series[i][j][0] = positive;\n        series[i][j][1] = positive + value;\n        positive = series[i][j][1];\n      } else {\n        series[i][j][0] = 0;\n        series[i][j][1] = 0;\n      }\n      /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n    }\n  }\n};\n\nvar STACK_OFFSET_MAP = {\n  sign: offsetSign,\n  expand: stackOffsetExpand,\n  none: stackOffsetNone,\n  silhouette: stackOffsetSilhouette,\n  wiggle: stackOffsetWiggle,\n  positive: offsetPositive\n};\nexport var getStackedData = function getStackedData(data, stackItems, offsetType) {\n  var dataKeys = stackItems.map(function (item) {\n    return item.props.dataKey;\n  });\n  var stack = shapeStack().keys(dataKeys).value(function (d, key) {\n    return +getValueByDataKey(d, key, 0);\n  }).order(stackOrderNone).offset(STACK_OFFSET_MAP[offsetType]);\n  return stack(data);\n};\nexport var getStackGroupsByAxisId = function getStackGroupsByAxisId(data, _items, numericAxisId, cateAxisId, offsetType, reverseStackOrder) {\n  if (!data) {\n    return null;\n  } // reversing items to affect render order (for layering)\n\n  var items = reverseStackOrder ? _items.reverse() : _items;\n  var stackGroups = items.reduce(function (result, item) {\n    var _item$props3 = item.props,\n      stackId = _item$props3.stackId,\n      hide = _item$props3.hide;\n    if (hide) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    var axisId = item.props[numericAxisId];\n    var parentGroup = result[axisId] || {\n      hasStack: false,\n      stackGroups: {}\n    };\n    if (isNumOrStr(stackId)) {\n      var childGroup = parentGroup.stackGroups[stackId] || {\n        numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n        cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n        items: []\n      };\n      childGroup.items.push(item);\n      parentGroup.hasStack = true;\n      parentGroup.stackGroups[stackId] = childGroup;\n    } else {\n      parentGroup.stackGroups[uniqueId('_stackId_')] = {\n        numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n        cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n        items: [item]\n      };\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, parentGroup));\n  }, {});\n  return Object.keys(stackGroups).reduce(function (result, axisId) {\n    var group = stackGroups[axisId];\n    if (group.hasStack) {\n      group.stackGroups = Object.keys(group.stackGroups).reduce(function (res, stackId) {\n        var g = group.stackGroups[stackId];\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, stackId, {\n          numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n          cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n          items: g.items,\n          stackedData: getStackedData(data, g.items, offsetType)\n        }));\n      }, {});\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, group));\n  }, {});\n};\n/**\n * get domain of ticks\n * @param  {Array} ticks Ticks of axis\n * @param  {String} type  The type of axis\n * @return {Array} domain\n */\n\nexport var calculateDomainOfTicks = function calculateDomainOfTicks(ticks, type) {\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    return [_min(ticks), _max(ticks)];\n  }\n  return ticks;\n};\n/**\n * Configure the scale function of axis\n * @param {Object} scale The scale function\n * @param {Object} opts  The configuration of axis\n * @return {Object}      null\n */\n\nexport var getTicksOfScale = function getTicksOfScale(scale, opts) {\n  var realScaleType = opts.realScaleType,\n    type = opts.type,\n    tickCount = opts.tickCount,\n    originalDomain = opts.originalDomain,\n    allowDecimals = opts.allowDecimals;\n  var scaleType = realScaleType || opts.scale;\n  if (scaleType !== 'auto' && scaleType !== 'linear') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (tickCount && type === 'number' && originalDomain && (originalDomain[0] === 'auto' || originalDomain[1] === 'auto')) {\n    // Calculate the ticks by the number of grid when the axis is a number axis\n    var domain = scale.domain();\n    if (!domain.length) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var tickValues = getNiceTickValues(domain, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n    scale.domain(calculateDomainOfTicks(tickValues, type));\n    return {\n      niceTicks: tickValues\n    };\n  }\n  if (tickCount && type === 'number') {\n    var _domain = scale.domain();\n    var _tickValues = getTickValuesFixedDomain(_domain, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n    return {\n      niceTicks: _tickValues\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var getCateCoordinateOfLine = function getCateCoordinateOfLine(_ref7) {\n  var axis = _ref7.axis,\n    ticks = _ref7.ticks,\n    bandSize = _ref7.bandSize,\n    entry = _ref7.entry,\n    index = _ref7.index,\n    dataKey = _ref7.dataKey;\n  if (axis.type === 'category') {\n    // find coordinate of category axis by the value of category\n    if (!axis.allowDuplicatedCategory && axis.dataKey && !_isNil(entry[axis.dataKey])) {\n      var matchedTick = findEntryInArray(ticks, 'value', entry[axis.dataKey]);\n      if (matchedTick) {\n        return matchedTick.coordinate + bandSize / 2;\n      }\n    }\n    return ticks[index] ? ticks[index].coordinate + bandSize / 2 : null;\n  }\n  var value = getValueByDataKey(entry, !_isNil(dataKey) ? dataKey : axis.dataKey);\n  return !_isNil(value) ? axis.scale(value) : null;\n};\nexport var getCateCoordinateOfBar = function getCateCoordinateOfBar(_ref8) {\n  var axis = _ref8.axis,\n    ticks = _ref8.ticks,\n    offset = _ref8.offset,\n    bandSize = _ref8.bandSize,\n    entry = _ref8.entry,\n    index = _ref8.index;\n  if (axis.type === 'category') {\n    return ticks[index] ? ticks[index].coordinate + offset : null;\n  }\n  var value = getValueByDataKey(entry, axis.dataKey, axis.domain[index]);\n  return !_isNil(value) ? axis.scale(value) - bandSize / 2 + offset : null;\n};\nexport var getBaseValueOfBar = function getBaseValueOfBar(_ref9) {\n  var numericAxis = _ref9.numericAxis;\n  var domain = numericAxis.scale.domain();\n  if (numericAxis.type === 'number') {\n    var min = Math.min(domain[0], domain[1]);\n    var max = Math.max(domain[0], domain[1]);\n    if (min <= 0 && max >= 0) {\n      return 0;\n    }\n    if (max < 0) {\n      return max;\n    }\n    return min;\n  }\n  return domain[0];\n};\nexport var getStackedDataOfItem = function getStackedDataOfItem(item, stackGroups) {\n  var stackId = item.props.stackId;\n  if (isNumOrStr(stackId)) {\n    var group = stackGroups[stackId];\n    if (group && group.items.length) {\n      var itemIndex = -1;\n      for (var i = 0, len = group.items.length; i < len; i++) {\n        if (group.items[i] === item) {\n          itemIndex = i;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      return itemIndex >= 0 ? group.stackedData[itemIndex] : null;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nvar getDomainOfSingle = function getDomainOfSingle(data) {\n  return data.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    return [_min(entry.concat([result[0]]).filter(isNumber)), _max(entry.concat([result[1]]).filter(isNumber))];\n  }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n};\nexport var getDomainOfStackGroups = function getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups, startIndex, endIndex) {\n  return Object.keys(stackGroups).reduce(function (result, stackId) {\n    var group = stackGroups[stackId];\n    var stackedData = group.stackedData;\n    var domain = stackedData.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      var s = getDomainOfSingle(entry.slice(startIndex, endIndex + 1));\n      return [Math.min(res[0], s[0]), Math.max(res[1], s[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n    return [Math.min(domain[0], result[0]), Math.max(domain[1], result[1])];\n  }, [Infinity, -Infinity]).map(function (result) {\n    return result === Infinity || result === -Infinity ? 0 : result;\n  });\n};\nexport var MIN_VALUE_REG = /^dataMin[\\s]*-[\\s]*([0-9]+([.]{1}[0-9]+){0,1})$/;\nexport var MAX_VALUE_REG = /^dataMax[\\s]*\\+[\\s]*([0-9]+([.]{1}[0-9]+){0,1})$/;\nexport var parseSpecifiedDomain = function parseSpecifiedDomain(specifiedDomain, dataDomain, allowDataOverflow) {\n  if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain)) {\n    return specifiedDomain(dataDomain, allowDataOverflow);\n  }\n  if (!_isArray(specifiedDomain)) {\n    return dataDomain;\n  }\n  var domain = [];\n  /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n  if (isNumber(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    domain[0] = allowDataOverflow ? specifiedDomain[0] : Math.min(specifiedDomain[0], dataDomain[0]);\n  } else if (MIN_VALUE_REG.test(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    var value = +MIN_VALUE_REG.exec(specifiedDomain[0])[1];\n    domain[0] = dataDomain[0] - value;\n  } else if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    domain[0] = specifiedDomain[0](dataDomain[0]);\n  } else {\n    domain[0] = dataDomain[0];\n  }\n  if (isNumber(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    domain[1] = allowDataOverflow ? specifiedDomain[1] : Math.max(specifiedDomain[1], dataDomain[1]);\n  } else if (MAX_VALUE_REG.test(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    var _value = +MAX_VALUE_REG.exec(specifiedDomain[1])[1];\n    domain[1] = dataDomain[1] + _value;\n  } else if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    domain[1] = specifiedDomain[1](dataDomain[1]);\n  } else {\n    domain[1] = dataDomain[1];\n  }\n  /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n\n  return domain;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size between two category\n * @param  {Object} axis  The options of axis\n * @param  {Array}  ticks The ticks of axis\n * @param  {Boolean} isBar if items in axis are bars\n * @return {Number} Size\n */\n\nexport var getBandSizeOfAxis = function getBandSizeOfAxis(axis, ticks, isBar) {\n  if (axis && axis.scale && axis.scale.bandwidth) {\n    var bandWidth = axis.scale.bandwidth();\n    if (!isBar || bandWidth > 0) {\n      return bandWidth;\n    }\n  }\n  if (axis && ticks && ticks.length >= 2) {\n    var orderedTicks = _sortBy(ticks, function (o) {\n      return o.coordinate;\n    });\n    var bandSize = Infinity;\n    for (var i = 1, len = orderedTicks.length; i < len; i++) {\n      var cur = orderedTicks[i];\n      var prev = orderedTicks[i - 1];\n      bandSize = Math.min((cur.coordinate || 0) - (prev.coordinate || 0), bandSize);\n    }\n    return bandSize === Infinity ? 0 : bandSize;\n  }\n  return isBar ? undefined : 0;\n};\n/**\n * parse the domain of a category axis when a domain is specified\n * @param   {Array}        specifiedDomain  The domain specified by users\n * @param   {Array}        calculatedDomain The domain calculated by dateKey\n * @param   {ReactElement} axisChild        The axis element\n * @returns {Array}        domains\n */\n\nexport var parseDomainOfCategoryAxis = function parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(specifiedDomain, calculatedDomain, axisChild) {\n  if (!specifiedDomain || !specifiedDomain.length) {\n    return calculatedDomain;\n  }\n  if (_isEqual(specifiedDomain, _get(axisChild, 'type.defaultProps.domain'))) {\n    return calculatedDomain;\n  }\n  return specifiedDomain;\n};\nexport var getTooltipItem = function getTooltipItem(graphicalItem, payload) {\n  var _graphicalItem$props = graphicalItem.props,\n    dataKey = _graphicalItem$props.dataKey,\n    name = _graphicalItem$props.name,\n    unit = _graphicalItem$props.unit,\n    formatter = _graphicalItem$props.formatter,\n    tooltipType = _graphicalItem$props.tooltipType,\n    chartType = _graphicalItem$props.chartType;\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(graphicalItem)), {}, {\n    dataKey: dataKey,\n    unit: unit,\n    formatter: formatter,\n    name: name || dataKey,\n    color: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(graphicalItem),\n    value: getValueByDataKey(payload, dataKey),\n    type: tooltipType,\n    payload: payload,\n    chartType: chartType\n  });\n};","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var i, n, j = 0, m = series[0].length, y; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (y = i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      y += series[i][j][1] || 0;\n    }\n    if (y) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      series[i][j][1] /= y;\n    }\n  }\n  none(series, order);\n}","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var j = 0, s0 = series[order[0]], n, m = s0.length; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (var i = 0, y = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      y += series[i][j][1] || 0;\n    }\n    s0[j][1] += s0[j][0] = -y / 2;\n  }\n  none(series, order);\n}","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0) || !((m = (s0 = series[order[0]]).length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var y = 0, j = 1, s0, m, n; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (var i = 0, s1 = 0, s2 = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var si = series[order[i]],\n        sij0 = si[j][1] || 0,\n        sij1 = si[j - 1][1] || 0,\n        s3 = (sij0 - sij1) / 2;\n      for (var k = 0; k < i; ++k) {\n        var sk = series[order[k]],\n          skj0 = sk[j][1] || 0,\n          skj1 = sk[j - 1][1] || 0;\n        s3 += skj0 - skj1;\n      }\n      s1 += sij0, s2 += s3 * sij0;\n    }\n    s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;\n    if (s1) y -= s2 / s1;\n  }\n  s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;\n  none(series, order);\n}","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nvar PREFIX_LIST = ['Webkit', 'Moz', 'O', 'ms'];\nexport var generatePrefixStyle = function generatePrefixStyle(name, value) {\n  if (!name) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var camelName = name.replace(/(\\w)/, function (v) {\n    return v.toUpperCase();\n  });\n  var result = PREFIX_LIST.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, entry + camelName, value));\n  }, {});\n  result[name] = value;\n  return result;\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _range from \"lodash/range\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Brush\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent, Children } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { scalePoint } from 'd3-scale';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Text } from '../component/Text';\nimport { getValueByDataKey } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { generatePrefixStyle } from '../util/CssPrefixUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar createScale = function createScale(_ref) {\n  var data = _ref.data,\n    startIndex = _ref.startIndex,\n    endIndex = _ref.endIndex,\n    x = _ref.x,\n    width = _ref.width,\n    travellerWidth = _ref.travellerWidth;\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return {};\n  }\n  var len = data.length;\n  var scale = scalePoint().domain(_range(0, len)).range([x, x + width - travellerWidth]);\n  var scaleValues = scale.domain().map(function (entry) {\n    return scale(entry);\n  });\n  return {\n    isTextActive: false,\n    isSlideMoving: false,\n    isTravellerMoving: false,\n    startX: scale(startIndex),\n    endX: scale(endIndex),\n    scale: scale,\n    scaleValues: scaleValues\n  };\n};\nvar isTouch = function isTouch(e) {\n  return e.changedTouches && !!e.changedTouches.length;\n};\nexport var Brush = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Brush, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Brush);\n  function Brush(props) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Brush);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props);\n    _this.leaveTimer = void 0;\n    _this.travellerDragStartHandlers = void 0;\n    _this.handleDrag = function (e) {\n      if (_this.leaveTimer) {\n        clearTimeout(_this.leaveTimer);\n        _this.leaveTimer = null;\n      }\n      if (_this.state.isTravellerMoving) {\n        _this.handleTravellerMove(e);\n      } else if (_this.state.isSlideMoving) {\n        _this.handleSlideDrag(e);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleTouchMove = function (e) {\n      if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n        _this.handleDrag(e.changedTouches[0]);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleDragEnd = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTravellerMoving: false,\n        isSlideMoving: false\n      });\n      _this.detachDragEndListener();\n    };\n    _this.handleLeaveWrapper = function () {\n      if (_this.state.isTravellerMoving || _this.state.isSlideMoving) {\n        _this.leaveTimer = window.setTimeout(_this.handleDragEnd, _this.props.leaveTimeOut);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTextActive: true\n      });\n    };\n    _this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTextActive: false\n      });\n    };\n    _this.handleSlideDragStart = function (e) {\n      var event = isTouch(e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e;\n      _this.setState({\n        isTravellerMoving: false,\n        isSlideMoving: true,\n        slideMoveStartX: event.pageX\n      });\n      _this.attachDragEndListener();\n    };\n    _this.travellerDragStartHandlers = {\n      startX: _this.handleTravellerDragStart.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'startX'),\n      endX: _this.handleTravellerDragStart.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'endX')\n    };\n    _this.state = {};\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Brush, [{\n    key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n    value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n      if (this.leaveTimer) {\n        clearTimeout(this.leaveTimer);\n        this.leaveTimer = null;\n      }\n      this.detachDragEndListener();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getIndex\",\n    value: function getIndex(_ref2) {\n      var startX = _ref2.startX,\n        endX = _ref2.endX;\n      var scaleValues = this.state.scaleValues;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        gap = _this$props.gap,\n        data = _this$props.data;\n      var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n      var min = Math.min(startX, endX);\n      var max = Math.max(startX, endX);\n      var minIndex = Brush.getIndexInRange(scaleValues, min);\n      var maxIndex = Brush.getIndexInRange(scaleValues, max);\n      return {\n        startIndex: minIndex - minIndex % gap,\n        endIndex: maxIndex === lastIndex ? lastIndex : maxIndex - maxIndex % gap\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTextOfTick\",\n    value: function getTextOfTick(index) {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props2.data,\n        tickFormatter = _this$props2.tickFormatter,\n        dataKey = _this$props2.dataKey;\n      var text = getValueByDataKey(data[index], dataKey, index);\n      return _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(text, index) : text;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"attachDragEndListener\",\n    value: function attachDragEndListener() {\n      window.addEventListener('mouseup', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n      window.addEventListener('touchend', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"detachDragEndListener\",\n    value: function detachDragEndListener() {\n      window.removeEventListener('mouseup', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n      window.removeEventListener('touchend', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleSlideDrag\",\n    value: function handleSlideDrag(e) {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        slideMoveStartX = _this$state.slideMoveStartX,\n        startX = _this$state.startX,\n        endX = _this$state.endX;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props3.x,\n        width = _this$props3.width,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props3.travellerWidth,\n        startIndex = _this$props3.startIndex,\n        endIndex = _this$props3.endIndex,\n        onChange = _this$props3.onChange;\n      var delta = e.pageX - slideMoveStartX;\n      if (delta > 0) {\n        delta = Math.min(delta, x + width - travellerWidth - endX, x + width - travellerWidth - startX);\n      } else if (delta < 0) {\n        delta = Math.max(delta, x - startX, x - endX);\n      }\n      var newIndex = this.getIndex({\n        startX: startX + delta,\n        endX: endX + delta\n      });\n      if ((newIndex.startIndex !== startIndex || newIndex.endIndex !== endIndex) && onChange) {\n        onChange(newIndex);\n      }\n      this.setState({\n        startX: startX + delta,\n        endX: endX + delta,\n        slideMoveStartX: e.pageX\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleTravellerDragStart\",\n    value: function handleTravellerDragStart(id, e) {\n      var event = isTouch(e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e;\n      this.setState({\n        isSlideMoving: false,\n        isTravellerMoving: true,\n        movingTravellerId: id,\n        brushMoveStartX: event.pageX\n      });\n      this.attachDragEndListener();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleTravellerMove\",\n    value: function handleTravellerMove(e) {\n      var _this$setState;\n      var _this$state2 = this.state,\n        brushMoveStartX = _this$state2.brushMoveStartX,\n        movingTravellerId = _this$state2.movingTravellerId,\n        endX = _this$state2.endX,\n        startX = _this$state2.startX;\n      var prevValue = this.state[movingTravellerId];\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props4.x,\n        width = _this$props4.width,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props4.travellerWidth,\n        onChange = _this$props4.onChange,\n        gap = _this$props4.gap,\n        data = _this$props4.data;\n      var params = {\n        startX: this.state.startX,\n        endX: this.state.endX\n      };\n      var delta = e.pageX - brushMoveStartX;\n      if (delta > 0) {\n        delta = Math.min(delta, x + width - travellerWidth - prevValue);\n      } else if (delta < 0) {\n        delta = Math.max(delta, x - prevValue);\n      }\n      params[movingTravellerId] = prevValue + delta;\n      var newIndex = this.getIndex(params);\n      var startIndex = newIndex.startIndex,\n        endIndex = newIndex.endIndex;\n      var isFullGap = function isFullGap() {\n        var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n        if (movingTravellerId === 'startX' && (endX > startX ? startIndex % gap === 0 : endIndex % gap === 0) || endX < startX && endIndex === lastIndex || movingTravellerId === 'endX' && (endX > startX ? endIndex % gap === 0 : startIndex % gap === 0) || endX > startX && endIndex === lastIndex) {\n          return true;\n        }\n        return false;\n      };\n      this.setState((_this$setState = {}, _defineProperty(_this$setState, movingTravellerId, prevValue + delta), _defineProperty(_this$setState, \"brushMoveStartX\", e.pageX), _this$setState), function () {\n        if (onChange) {\n          if (isFullGap()) {\n            onChange(newIndex);\n          }\n        }\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderBackground\",\n    value: function renderBackground() {\n      var _this$props5 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props5.x,\n        y = _this$props5.y,\n        width = _this$props5.width,\n        height = _this$props5.height,\n        fill = _this$props5.fill,\n        stroke = _this$props5.stroke;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        stroke: stroke,\n        fill: fill,\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderPanorama\",\n    value: function renderPanorama() {\n      var _this$props6 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props6.x,\n        y = _this$props6.y,\n        width = _this$props6.width,\n        height = _this$props6.height,\n        data = _this$props6.data,\n        children = _this$props6.children,\n        padding = _this$props6.padding;\n      var chartElement = Children.only(children);\n      if (!chartElement) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(chartElement, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        margin: padding,\n        compact: true,\n        data: data\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTravellerLayer\",\n    value: function renderTravellerLayer(travellerX, id) {\n      var _this$props7 = this.props,\n        y = _this$props7.y,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props7.travellerWidth,\n        height = _this$props7.height,\n        traveller = _this$props7.traveller;\n      var x = Math.max(travellerX, this.props.x);\n      var travellerProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(this.props)), {}, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: travellerWidth,\n        height: height\n      });\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-traveller\",\n        onMouseEnter: this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseDown: this.travellerDragStartHandlers[id],\n        onTouchStart: this.travellerDragStartHandlers[id],\n        style: {\n          cursor: 'col-resize'\n        }\n      }, Brush.renderTraveller(traveller, travellerProps));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderSlide\",\n    value: function renderSlide(startX, endX) {\n      var _this$props8 = this.props,\n        y = _this$props8.y,\n        height = _this$props8.height,\n        stroke = _this$props8.stroke,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props8.travellerWidth;\n      var x = Math.min(startX, endX) + travellerWidth;\n      var width = Math.max(Math.abs(endX - startX) - travellerWidth, 0);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-slide\",\n        onMouseEnter: this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseDown: this.handleSlideDragStart,\n        onTouchStart: this.handleSlideDragStart,\n        style: {\n          cursor: 'move'\n        },\n        stroke: \"none\",\n        fill: stroke,\n        fillOpacity: 0.2,\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderText\",\n    value: function renderText() {\n      var _this$props9 = this.props,\n        startIndex = _this$props9.startIndex,\n        endIndex = _this$props9.endIndex,\n        y = _this$props9.y,\n        height = _this$props9.height,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props9.travellerWidth,\n        stroke = _this$props9.stroke;\n      var _this$state3 = this.state,\n        startX = _this$state3.startX,\n        endX = _this$state3.endX;\n      var offset = 5;\n      var attrs = {\n        pointerEvents: 'none',\n        fill: stroke\n      };\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-texts\"\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n        textAnchor: \"end\",\n        verticalAnchor: \"middle\",\n        x: Math.min(startX, endX) - offset,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }, attrs), this.getTextOfTick(startIndex)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n        textAnchor: \"start\",\n        verticalAnchor: \"middle\",\n        x: Math.max(startX, endX) + travellerWidth + offset,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }, attrs), this.getTextOfTick(endIndex)));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props10 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props10.data,\n        className = _this$props10.className,\n        children = _this$props10.children,\n        x = _this$props10.x,\n        y = _this$props10.y,\n        width = _this$props10.width,\n        height = _this$props10.height,\n        alwaysShowText = _this$props10.alwaysShowText;\n      var _this$state4 = this.state,\n        startX = _this$state4.startX,\n        endX = _this$state4.endX,\n        isTextActive = _this$state4.isTextActive,\n        isSlideMoving = _this$state4.isSlideMoving,\n        isTravellerMoving = _this$state4.isTravellerMoving;\n      if (!data || !data.length || !isNumber(x) || !isNumber(y) || !isNumber(width) || !isNumber(height) || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-brush', className);\n      var isPanoramic = React.Children.count(children) === 1;\n      var style = generatePrefixStyle('userSelect', 'none');\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: layerClass,\n        onMouseMove: this.handleDrag,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveWrapper,\n        onTouchMove: this.handleTouchMove,\n        style: style\n      }, this.renderBackground(), isPanoramic && this.renderPanorama(), this.renderSlide(startX, endX), this.renderTravellerLayer(startX, 'startX'), this.renderTravellerLayer(endX, 'endX'), (isTextActive || isSlideMoving || isTravellerMoving || alwaysShowText) && this.renderText());\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"renderDefaultTraveller\",\n    value: function renderDefaultTraveller(props) {\n      var x = props.x,\n        y = props.y,\n        width = props.width,\n        height = props.height,\n        stroke = props.stroke;\n      var lineY = Math.floor(y + height / 2) - 1;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        fill: stroke,\n        stroke: \"none\"\n      }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n        x1: x + 1,\n        y1: lineY,\n        x2: x + width - 1,\n        y2: lineY,\n        fill: \"none\",\n        stroke: \"#fff\"\n      }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n        x1: x + 1,\n        y1: lineY + 2,\n        x2: x + width - 1,\n        y2: lineY + 2,\n        fill: \"none\",\n        stroke: \"#fff\"\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTraveller\",\n    value: function renderTraveller(option, props) {\n      var rectangle;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        rectangle = option(props);\n      } else {\n        rectangle = Brush.renderDefaultTraveller(props);\n      }\n      return rectangle;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      var data = nextProps.data,\n        width = nextProps.width,\n        x = nextProps.x,\n        travellerWidth = nextProps.travellerWidth,\n        updateId = nextProps.updateId,\n        startIndex = nextProps.startIndex,\n        endIndex = nextProps.endIndex;\n      if (data !== prevState.prevData || updateId !== prevState.prevUpdateId) {\n        return _objectSpread({\n          prevData: data,\n          prevTravellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          prevUpdateId: updateId,\n          prevX: x,\n          prevWidth: width\n        }, data && data.length ? createScale({\n          data: data,\n          width: width,\n          x: x,\n          travellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          startIndex: startIndex,\n          endIndex: endIndex\n        }) : {\n          scale: null,\n          scaleValues: null\n        });\n      }\n      if (prevState.scale && (width !== prevState.prevWidth || x !== prevState.prevX || travellerWidth !== prevState.prevTravellerWidth)) {\n        prevState.scale.range([x, x + width - travellerWidth]);\n        var scaleValues = prevState.scale.domain().map(function (entry) {\n          return prevState.scale(entry);\n        });\n        return {\n          prevData: data,\n          prevTravellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          prevUpdateId: updateId,\n          prevX: x,\n          prevWidth: width,\n          startX: prevState.scale(nextProps.startIndex),\n          endX: prevState.scale(nextProps.endIndex),\n          scaleValues: scaleValues\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getIndexInRange\",\n    value: function getIndexInRange(range, x) {\n      var len = range.length;\n      var start = 0;\n      var end = len - 1;\n      while (end - start > 1) {\n        var middle = Math.floor((start + end) / 2);\n        if (range[middle] > x) {\n          end = middle;\n        } else {\n          start = middle;\n        }\n      }\n      return x >= range[end] ? end : start;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Brush;\n}(PureComponent);\nBrush.displayName = 'Brush';\nBrush.defaultProps = {\n  height: 40,\n  travellerWidth: 5,\n  gap: 1,\n  fill: '#fff',\n  stroke: '#666',\n  padding: {\n    top: 1,\n    right: 1,\n    bottom: 1,\n    left: 1\n  },\n  leaveTimeOut: 1000,\n  alwaysShowText: false\n};","export var ifOverflowMatches = function ifOverflowMatches(props, value) {\n  var alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow;\n  var ifOverflow = props.ifOverflow;\n  if (alwaysShow) {\n    ifOverflow = 'extendDomain';\n  }\n  return ifOverflow === value;\n};","import _every from \"lodash/every\";\nimport _mapValues from \"lodash/mapValues\";\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport { getTicksOfScale, parseScale, checkDomainOfScale, getBandSizeOfAxis } from './ChartUtils';\nimport { findChildByType } from './ReactUtils';\nimport { getPercentValue } from './DataUtils';\n/**\n * Calculate the scale function, position, width, height of axes\n * @param  {Object} props     Latest props\n * @param  {Object} axisMap   The configuration of axes\n * @param  {Object} offset    The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {String} axisType  The type of axes, x-axis or y-axis\n * @param  {String} chartName The name of chart\n * @return {Object} Configuration\n */\n\nexport var formatAxisMap = function formatAxisMap(props, axisMap, offset, axisType, chartName) {\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children;\n  var ids = Object.keys(axisMap);\n  var steps = {\n    left: offset.left,\n    leftMirror: offset.left,\n    right: width - offset.right,\n    rightMirror: width - offset.right,\n    top: offset.top,\n    topMirror: offset.top,\n    bottom: height - offset.bottom,\n    bottomMirror: height - offset.bottom\n  };\n  var hasBar = !!findChildByType(children, 'Bar');\n  return ids.reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var axis = axisMap[id];\n    var orientation = axis.orientation,\n      domain = axis.domain,\n      _axis$padding = axis.padding,\n      padding = _axis$padding === void 0 ? {} : _axis$padding,\n      mirror = axis.mirror,\n      reversed = axis.reversed;\n    var offsetKey = \"\".concat(orientation).concat(mirror ? 'Mirror' : '');\n    var calculatedPadding, range, x, y, needSpace;\n    if (axis.type === 'number' && (axis.padding === 'gap' || axis.padding === 'no-gap')) {\n      var diff = domain[1] - domain[0];\n      var smallestDistanceBetweenValues = Infinity;\n      var sortedValues = axis.categoricalDomain.sort();\n      sortedValues.forEach(function (value, index) {\n        if (index > 0) {\n          smallestDistanceBetweenValues = Math.min((value || 0) - (sortedValues[index - 1] || 0), smallestDistanceBetweenValues);\n        }\n      });\n      var smallestDistanceInPercent = smallestDistanceBetweenValues / diff;\n      var rangeWidth = axis.layout === 'vertical' ? offset.height : offset.width;\n      if (axis.padding === 'gap') {\n        calculatedPadding = smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth / 2;\n      }\n      if (axis.padding === 'no-gap') {\n        var gap = getPercentValue(props.barCategoryGap, smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth);\n        var halfBand = smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth / 2;\n        calculatedPadding = halfBand - gap - (halfBand - gap) / rangeWidth * gap;\n      }\n    }\n    if (axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      range = [offset.left + (padding.left || 0) + (calculatedPadding || 0), offset.left + offset.width - (padding.right || 0) - (calculatedPadding || 0)];\n    } else if (axisType === 'yAxis') {\n      range = layout === 'horizontal' ? [offset.top + offset.height - (padding.bottom || 0), offset.top + (padding.top || 0)] : [offset.top + (padding.top || 0) + (calculatedPadding || 0), offset.top + offset.height - (padding.bottom || 0) - (calculatedPadding || 0)];\n    } else {\n      range = axis.range;\n    }\n    if (reversed) {\n      range = [range[1], range[0]];\n    }\n    var _parseScale = parseScale(axis, chartName, hasBar),\n      scale = _parseScale.scale,\n      realScaleType = _parseScale.realScaleType;\n    scale.domain(domain).range(range);\n    checkDomainOfScale(scale);\n    var ticks = getTicksOfScale(scale, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType\n    }));\n    if (axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      needSpace = orientation === 'top' && !mirror || orientation === 'bottom' && mirror;\n      x = offset.left;\n      y = steps[offsetKey] - needSpace * axis.height;\n    } else if (axisType === 'yAxis') {\n      needSpace = orientation === 'left' && !mirror || orientation === 'right' && mirror;\n      x = steps[offsetKey] - needSpace * axis.width;\n      y = offset.top;\n    }\n    var finalAxis = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), ticks), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType,\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      scale: scale,\n      width: axisType === 'xAxis' ? offset.width : axis.width,\n      height: axisType === 'yAxis' ? offset.height : axis.height\n    });\n    finalAxis.bandSize = getBandSizeOfAxis(finalAxis, ticks);\n    if (!axis.hide && axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      steps[offsetKey] += (needSpace ? -1 : 1) * finalAxis.height;\n    } else if (!axis.hide) {\n      steps[offsetKey] += (needSpace ? -1 : 1) * finalAxis.width;\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, id, finalAxis));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var rectWithPoints = function rectWithPoints(_ref, _ref2) {\n  var x1 = _ref.x,\n    y1 = _ref.y;\n  var x2 = _ref2.x,\n    y2 = _ref2.y;\n  return {\n    x: Math.min(x1, x2),\n    y: Math.min(y1, y2),\n    width: Math.abs(x2 - x1),\n    height: Math.abs(y2 - y1)\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Compute the x, y, width, and height of a box from two reference points.\n * @param  {Object} coords     x1, x2, y1, and y2\n * @return {Object} object\n */\n\nexport var rectWithCoords = function rectWithCoords(_ref3) {\n  var x1 = _ref3.x1,\n    y1 = _ref3.y1,\n    x2 = _ref3.x2,\n    y2 = _ref3.y2;\n  return rectWithPoints({\n    x: x1,\n    y: y1\n  }, {\n    x: x2,\n    y: y2\n  });\n};\nexport var ScaleHelper = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function ScaleHelper(scale) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ScaleHelper);\n    this.scale = void 0;\n    this.scale = scale;\n  }\n  _createClass(ScaleHelper, [{\n    key: \"domain\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.domain;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"range\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.range;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"rangeMin\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.range()[0];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"rangeMax\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.range()[1];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"bandwidth\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.bandwidth;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"apply\",\n    value: function apply(value) {\n      var _ref4 = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},\n        bandAware = _ref4.bandAware,\n        position = _ref4.position;\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return undefined;\n      }\n      if (position) {\n        switch (position) {\n          case 'start':\n            {\n              return this.scale(value);\n            }\n          case 'middle':\n            {\n              var offset = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() / 2 : 0;\n              return this.scale(value) + offset;\n            }\n          case 'end':\n            {\n              var _offset = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() : 0;\n              return this.scale(value) + _offset;\n            }\n          default:\n            {\n              return this.scale(value);\n            }\n        }\n      }\n      if (bandAware) {\n        var _offset2 = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() / 2 : 0;\n        return this.scale(value) + _offset2;\n      }\n      return this.scale(value);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isInRange\",\n    value: function isInRange(value) {\n      var range = this.range();\n      var first = range[0];\n      var last = range[range.length - 1];\n      return first <= last ? value >= first && value <= last : value >= last && value <= first;\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"create\",\n    value: function create(obj) {\n      return new ScaleHelper(obj);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ScaleHelper;\n}();\nScaleHelper.EPS = 1e-4;\nexport var createLabeledScales = function createLabeledScales(options) {\n  var scales = Object.keys(options).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, ScaleHelper.create(options[key])));\n  }, {});\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, scales), {}, {\n    apply: function apply(coord) {\n      var _ref5 = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},\n        bandAware = _ref5.bandAware,\n        position = _ref5.position;\n      return _mapValues(coord, function (value, label) {\n        return scales[label].apply(value, {\n          bandAware: bandAware,\n          position: position\n        });\n      });\n    },\n    isInRange: function isInRange(coord) {\n      return _every(coord, function (value, label) {\n        return scales[label].isInRange(value);\n      });\n    }\n  });\n};","/* eslint no-console: 0 */\nvar isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\nexport var warn = function warn(condition, format) {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 2 ? _len - 2 : 0), _key = 2; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key - 2] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  if (isDev && typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn) {\n    if (format === undefined) {\n      console.warn('LogUtils requires an error message argument');\n    }\n    if (!condition) {\n      if (format === undefined) {\n        console.warn('Minified exception occurred; use the non-minified dev environment ' + 'for the full error message and additional helpful warnings.');\n      } else {\n        var argIndex = 0;\n        console.warn(format.replace(/%s/g, function () {\n          return args[argIndex++];\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","import _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Dot\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Dot } from '../shape/Dot';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { createLabeledScales } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getCoordinate = function getCoordinate(props) {\n  var x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis;\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var result = scales.apply({\n    x: x,\n    y: y\n  }, {\n    bandAware: true\n  });\n  if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.isInRange(result)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport function ReferenceDot(props) {\n  var x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    r = props.r,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  var isX = isNumOrStr(x);\n  var isY = isNumOrStr(y);\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  if (!isX || !isY) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var coordinate = getCoordinate(props);\n  if (!coordinate) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var cx = coordinate.x,\n    cy = coordinate.y;\n  var shape = props.shape,\n    className = props.className;\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  var dotProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), {}, {\n    cx: cx,\n    cy: cy\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-dot', className)\n  }, ReferenceDot.renderDot(shape, dotProps), Label.renderCallByParent(props, {\n    x: cx - r,\n    y: cy - r,\n    width: 2 * r,\n    height: 2 * r\n  }));\n}\nReferenceDot.displayName = 'ReferenceDot';\nReferenceDot.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  r: 10,\n  fill: '#fff',\n  stroke: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nReferenceDot.renderDot = function (option, props) {\n  var dot;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    dot = option(props);\n  } else {\n    dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Dot, _extends({}, props, {\n      cx: props.cx,\n      cy: props.cy,\n      className: \"recharts-reference-dot-dot\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return dot;\n};","import _some from \"lodash/some\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Line\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { createLabeledScales, rectWithCoords } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar renderLine = function renderLine(option, props) {\n  var line;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    line = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    line = option(props);\n  } else {\n    line = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, props, {\n      className: \"recharts-reference-line-line\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return line;\n}; // TODO: ScaleHelper\n\nvar getEndPoints = function getEndPoints(scales, isFixedX, isFixedY, isSegment, props) {\n  var _props$viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    x = _props$viewBox.x,\n    y = _props$viewBox.y,\n    width = _props$viewBox.width,\n    height = _props$viewBox.height,\n    position = props.position;\n  if (isFixedY) {\n    var yCoord = props.y,\n      orientation = props.yAxis.orientation;\n    var coord = scales.y.apply(yCoord, {\n      position: position\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.y.isInRange(coord)) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var points = [{\n      x: x + width,\n      y: coord\n    }, {\n      x: x,\n      y: coord\n    }];\n    return orientation === 'left' ? points.reverse() : points;\n  }\n  if (isFixedX) {\n    var xCoord = props.x,\n      _orientation = props.xAxis.orientation;\n    var _coord = scales.x.apply(xCoord, {\n      position: position\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.x.isInRange(_coord)) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var _points = [{\n      x: _coord,\n      y: y + height\n    }, {\n      x: _coord,\n      y: y\n    }];\n    return _orientation === 'top' ? _points.reverse() : _points;\n  }\n  if (isSegment) {\n    var segment = props.segment;\n    var _points2 = segment.map(function (p) {\n      return scales.apply(p, {\n        position: position\n      });\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && _some(_points2, function (p) {\n      return !scales.isInRange(p);\n    })) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return _points2;\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport function ReferenceLine(props) {\n  var fixedX = props.x,\n    fixedY = props.y,\n    segment = props.segment,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis,\n    shape = props.shape,\n    className = props.className,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var isX = isNumOrStr(fixedX);\n  var isY = isNumOrStr(fixedY);\n  var isSegment = segment && segment.length === 2;\n  var endPoints = getEndPoints(scales, isX, isY, isSegment, props);\n  if (!endPoints) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var _endPoints = _slicedToArray(endPoints, 2),\n    _endPoints$ = _endPoints[0],\n    x1 = _endPoints$.x,\n    y1 = _endPoints$.y,\n    _endPoints$2 = _endPoints[1],\n    x2 = _endPoints$2.x,\n    y2 = _endPoints$2.y;\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  var lineProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), {}, {\n    x1: x1,\n    y1: y1,\n    x2: x2,\n    y2: y2\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-line', className)\n  }, renderLine(shape, lineProps), Label.renderCallByParent(props, rectWithCoords({\n    x1: x1,\n    y1: y1,\n    x2: x2,\n    y2: y2\n  })));\n}\nReferenceLine.displayName = 'ReferenceLine';\nReferenceLine.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  fill: 'none',\n  stroke: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1,\n  position: 'middle'\n};","import _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Line\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { createLabeledScales, rectWithPoints } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getRect = function getRect(hasX1, hasX2, hasY1, hasY2, props) {\n  var xValue1 = props.x1,\n    xValue2 = props.x2,\n    yValue1 = props.y1,\n    yValue2 = props.y2,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis;\n  if (!xAxis || !yAxis) return null;\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var p1 = {\n    x: hasX1 ? scales.x.apply(xValue1, {\n      position: 'start'\n    }) : scales.x.rangeMin,\n    y: hasY1 ? scales.y.apply(yValue1, {\n      position: 'start'\n    }) : scales.y.rangeMin\n  };\n  var p2 = {\n    x: hasX2 ? scales.x.apply(xValue2, {\n      position: 'end'\n    }) : scales.x.rangeMax,\n    y: hasY2 ? scales.y.apply(yValue2, {\n      position: 'end'\n    }) : scales.y.rangeMax\n  };\n  if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && (!scales.isInRange(p1) || !scales.isInRange(p2))) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return rectWithPoints(p1, p2);\n};\nexport function ReferenceArea(props) {\n  var x1 = props.x1,\n    x2 = props.x2,\n    y1 = props.y1,\n    y2 = props.y2,\n    className = props.className,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  var hasX1 = isNumOrStr(x1);\n  var hasX2 = isNumOrStr(x2);\n  var hasY1 = isNumOrStr(y1);\n  var hasY2 = isNumOrStr(y2);\n  var shape = props.shape;\n  if (!hasX1 && !hasX2 && !hasY1 && !hasY2 && !shape) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var rect = getRect(hasX1, hasX2, hasY1, hasY2, props);\n  if (!rect && !shape) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-area', className)\n  }, ReferenceArea.renderRect(shape, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), rect)), Label.renderCallByParent(props, rect));\n}\nReferenceArea.displayName = 'ReferenceArea';\nReferenceArea.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  r: 10,\n  fill: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 0.5,\n  stroke: 'none',\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nReferenceArea.renderRect = function (option, props) {\n  var rect;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    rect = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    rect = option(props);\n  } else {\n    rect = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Rectangle, _extends({}, props, {\n      className: \"recharts-reference-area-rect\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return rect;\n};","import { ReferenceDot } from '../cartesian/ReferenceDot';\nimport { ReferenceLine } from '../cartesian/ReferenceLine';\nimport { ReferenceArea } from '../cartesian/ReferenceArea';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from './IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { findAllByType } from './ReactUtils';\nimport { isNumber } from './DataUtils';\nexport var detectReferenceElementsDomain = function detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType, specifiedTicks) {\n  var lines = findAllByType(children, ReferenceLine.displayName);\n  var dots = findAllByType(children, ReferenceDot.displayName);\n  var elements = lines.concat(dots);\n  var areas = findAllByType(children, ReferenceArea.displayName);\n  var idKey = \"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\");\n  var valueKey = axisType[0];\n  var finalDomain = domain;\n  if (elements.length) {\n    finalDomain = elements.reduce(function (result, el) {\n      if (el.props[idKey] === axisId && ifOverflowMatches(el.props, 'extendDomain') && isNumber(el.props[valueKey])) {\n        var value = el.props[valueKey];\n        return [Math.min(result[0], value), Math.max(result[1], value)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  if (areas.length) {\n    var key1 = \"\".concat(valueKey, \"1\");\n    var key2 = \"\".concat(valueKey, \"2\");\n    finalDomain = areas.reduce(function (result, el) {\n      if (el.props[idKey] === axisId && ifOverflowMatches(el.props, 'extendDomain') && isNumber(el.props[key1]) && isNumber(el.props[key2])) {\n        var value1 = el.props[key1];\n        var value2 = el.props[key2];\n        return [Math.min(result[0], value1, value2), Math.max(result[1], value1, value2)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  if (specifiedTicks && specifiedTicks.length) {\n    finalDomain = specifiedTicks.reduce(function (result, tick) {\n      if (isNumber(tick)) {\n        return [Math.min(result[0], tick), Math.max(result[1], tick)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  return finalDomain;\n};","import EventEmitter from 'eventemitter3';\nvar eventCenter = new EventEmitter();\nif (eventCenter.setMaxListeners) {\n  eventCenter.setMaxListeners(10);\n}\nexport { eventCenter };\nexport var SYNC_EVENT = 'recharts.syncMouseEvents'; // eslint-disable-next-line no-redeclare","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _every from \"lodash/every\";\nimport _find from \"lodash/find\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _throttle from \"lodash/throttle\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _range from \"lodash/range\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isBoolean from \"lodash/isBoolean\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport React, { Component, cloneElement, isValidElement, createElement } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Surface } from '../container/Surface';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Tooltip } from '../component/Tooltip';\nimport { Legend } from '../component/Legend';\nimport { Curve } from '../shape/Curve';\nimport { Cross } from '../shape/Cross';\nimport { Sector } from '../shape/Sector';\nimport { Dot } from '../shape/Dot';\nimport { isInRectangle, Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { findAllByType, findChildByType, getDisplayName, parseChildIndex, validateWidthHeight, isChildrenEqual, renderByOrder, getReactEventByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { CartesianAxis } from '../cartesian/CartesianAxis';\nimport { Brush } from '../cartesian/Brush';\nimport { getOffset, calculateChartCoordinate } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nimport { getAnyElementOfObject, hasDuplicate, uniqueId, isNumber, findEntryInArray } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { calculateActiveTickIndex, getMainColorOfGraphicItem, getBarSizeList, getBarPosition, appendOffsetOfLegend, getLegendProps, combineEventHandlers, getTicksOfAxis, getCoordinatesOfGrid, getStackedDataOfItem, parseErrorBarsOfAxis, getBandSizeOfAxis, getStackGroupsByAxisId, isCategoricalAxis, getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis, getDomainOfStackGroups, getDomainOfDataByKey, parseSpecifiedDomain, parseDomainOfCategoryAxis, getTooltipItem } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { detectReferenceElementsDomain } from '../util/DetectReferenceElementsDomain';\nimport { inRangeOfSector, polarToCartesian } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { shallowEqual } from '../util/ShallowEqual';\nimport { eventCenter, SYNC_EVENT } from '../util/Events';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventHandlers } from '../util/types';\nvar ORIENT_MAP = {\n  xAxis: ['bottom', 'top'],\n  yAxis: ['left', 'right']\n};\nvar originCoordinate = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0\n}; // use legacy isFinite only if there is a problem (aka IE)\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals\n\nvar isFinit = Number.isFinite ? Number.isFinite : isFinite;\nvar defer =\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\ntypeof requestAnimationFrame === 'function' ? requestAnimationFrame : typeof setImmediate === 'function' ? setImmediate : setTimeout;\nvar deferClear =\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\ntypeof cancelAnimationFrame === 'function' ? cancelAnimationFrame : typeof clearImmediate === 'function' ? clearImmediate : clearTimeout;\nvar calculateTooltipPos = function calculateTooltipPos(rangeObj, layout) {\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return rangeObj.x;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return rangeObj.y;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'centric') {\n    return rangeObj.angle;\n  }\n  return rangeObj.radius;\n};\nvar getActiveCoordinate = function getActiveCoordinate(layout, tooltipTicks, activeIndex, rangeObj) {\n  var entry = tooltipTicks.find(function (tick) {\n    return tick && tick.index === activeIndex;\n  });\n  if (entry) {\n    if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      return {\n        x: entry.coordinate,\n        y: rangeObj.y\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'vertical') {\n      return {\n        x: rangeObj.x,\n        y: entry.coordinate\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'centric') {\n      var _angle = entry.coordinate;\n      var _radius = rangeObj.radius;\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rangeObj), polarToCartesian(rangeObj.cx, rangeObj.cy, _radius, _angle)), {}, {\n        angle: _angle,\n        radius: _radius\n      });\n    }\n    var radius = entry.coordinate;\n    var angle = rangeObj.angle;\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rangeObj), polarToCartesian(rangeObj.cx, rangeObj.cy, radius, angle)), {}, {\n      angle: angle,\n      radius: radius\n    });\n  }\n  return originCoordinate;\n};\nvar getDisplayedData = function getDisplayedData(data, _ref, item) {\n  var graphicalItems = _ref.graphicalItems,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref.dataEndIndex;\n  var itemsData = (graphicalItems || []).reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var itemData = child.props.data;\n    if (itemData && itemData.length) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), _toConsumableArray(itemData));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, []);\n  if (itemsData && itemsData.length > 0) {\n    return itemsData;\n  }\n  if (item && item.props && item.props.data && item.props.data.length > 0) {\n    return item.props.data;\n  }\n  if (data && data.length && isNumber(dataStartIndex) && isNumber(dataEndIndex)) {\n    return data.slice(dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex + 1);\n  }\n  return [];\n};\n/**\n * Get the content to be displayed in the tooltip\n * @param  {Object} state          Current state\n * @param  {Array}  chartData      The data defined in chart\n * @param  {Number} activeIndex    Active index of data\n * @param  {String} activeLabel    Active label of data\n * @return {Array}                 The content of tooltip\n */\n\nvar getTooltipContent = function getTooltipContent(state, chartData, activeIndex, activeLabel) {\n  var graphicalItems = state.graphicalItems,\n    tooltipAxis = state.tooltipAxis;\n  var displayedData = getDisplayedData(chartData, state);\n  if (activeIndex < 0 || !graphicalItems || !graphicalItems.length || activeIndex >= displayedData.length) {\n    return null;\n  } // get data by activeIndex when the axis don't allow duplicated category\n\n  return graphicalItems.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var hide = child.props.hide;\n    if (hide) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    var data = child.props.data;\n    var payload;\n    if (tooltipAxis.dataKey && !tooltipAxis.allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n      // graphic child has data props\n      var entries = data === undefined ? displayedData : data;\n      payload = findEntryInArray(entries, tooltipAxis.dataKey, activeLabel);\n    } else {\n      payload = data && data[activeIndex] || displayedData[activeIndex];\n    }\n    if (!payload) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), [getTooltipItem(child, payload)]);\n  }, []);\n};\n/**\n * Returns tooltip data based on a mouse position (as a parameter or in state)\n * @param  {Object} state     current state\n * @param  {Array}  chartData the data defined in chart\n * @param  {String} layout     The layout type of chart\n * @param  {Object} rangeObj  { x, y } coordinates\n * @return {Object}           Tooltip data data\n */\n\nvar getTooltipData = function getTooltipData(state, chartData, layout, rangeObj) {\n  var rangeData = rangeObj || {\n    x: state.chartX,\n    y: state.chartY\n  };\n  var pos = calculateTooltipPos(rangeData, layout);\n  var ticks = state.orderedTooltipTicks,\n    axis = state.tooltipAxis,\n    tooltipTicks = state.tooltipTicks;\n  var activeIndex = calculateActiveTickIndex(pos, ticks, tooltipTicks, axis);\n  if (activeIndex >= 0 && tooltipTicks) {\n    var activeLabel = tooltipTicks[activeIndex] && tooltipTicks[activeIndex].value;\n    var activePayload = getTooltipContent(state, chartData, activeIndex, activeLabel);\n    var activeCoordinate = getActiveCoordinate(layout, ticks, activeIndex, rangeData);\n    return {\n      activeTooltipIndex: activeIndex,\n      activeLabel: activeLabel,\n      activePayload: activePayload,\n      activeCoordinate: activeCoordinate\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of axis by the options of axis instance\n * @param  {Object} props         Latest props\n * @param {Array}  axes           The instance of axes\n * @param  {Array} graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {String} axisType      The type of axis, xAxis - x-axis, yAxis - y-axis\n * @param  {String} axisIdKey     The unique id of an axis\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups   The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex   The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}      Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMapByAxes = function getAxisMapByAxes(props, _ref2) {\n  var axes = _ref2.axes,\n    graphicalItems = _ref2.graphicalItems,\n    axisType = _ref2.axisType,\n    axisIdKey = _ref2.axisIdKey,\n    stackGroups = _ref2.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref2.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref2.dataEndIndex;\n  var layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children,\n    stackOffset = props.stackOffset;\n  var isCategorical = isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType); // Eliminate duplicated axes\n\n  var axisMap = axes.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var _child$props = child.props,\n      type = _child$props.type,\n      dataKey = _child$props.dataKey,\n      allowDataOverflow = _child$props.allowDataOverflow,\n      allowDuplicatedCategory = _child$props.allowDuplicatedCategory,\n      scale = _child$props.scale,\n      ticks = _child$props.ticks;\n    var axisId = child.props[axisIdKey];\n    var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n        return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId;\n      }),\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n    var len = displayedData.length;\n    if (!result[axisId]) {\n      var domain, duplicateDomain, categoricalDomain;\n      if (dataKey) {\n        // has dataKey in <Axis />\n        domain = getDomainOfDataByKey(displayedData, dataKey, type);\n        if (type === 'category' && isCategorical) {\n          // the field type is category data and this axis is catrgorical axis\n          var duplicate = hasDuplicate(domain);\n          if (allowDuplicatedCategory && duplicate) {\n            duplicateDomain = domain; // When category axis has duplicated text, serial numbers are used to generate scale\n\n            domain = _range(0, len);\n          } else if (!allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            // remove duplicated category\n            domain = parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(child.props.domain, domain, child).reduce(function (finalDomain, entry) {\n              return finalDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0 ? finalDomain : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(finalDomain), [entry]);\n            }, []);\n          }\n        } else if (type === 'category') {\n          // the field type is category data and this axis is numerical axis\n          if (!allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            domain = parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(child.props.domain, domain, child).reduce(function (finalDomain, entry) {\n              return finalDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0 || entry === '' || _isNil(entry) ? finalDomain : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(finalDomain), [entry]);\n            }, []);\n          } else {\n            // eliminate undefined or null or empty string\n            domain = domain.filter(function (entry) {\n              return entry !== '' && !_isNil(entry);\n            });\n          }\n        } else if (type === 'number') {\n          // the field type is numerical\n          var errorBarsDomain = parseErrorBarsOfAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n            return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n          }), dataKey, axisType, layout);\n          if (errorBarsDomain) {\n            domain = errorBarsDomain;\n          }\n        }\n        if (isCategorical && (type === 'number' || scale !== 'auto')) {\n          categoricalDomain = getDomainOfDataByKey(displayedData, dataKey, 'category');\n        }\n      } else if (isCategorical) {\n        // the axis is a categorical axis\n        domain = _range(0, len);\n      } else if (stackGroups && stackGroups[axisId] && stackGroups[axisId].hasStack && type === 'number') {\n        // when stackOffset is 'expand', the domain may be calculated as [0, 1.000000000002]\n        domain = stackOffset === 'expand' ? [0, 1] : getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups[axisId].stackGroups, dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex);\n      } else {\n        domain = getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n          return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n        }), type, layout, true);\n      }\n      if (type === 'number') {\n        // To detect wether there is any reference lines whose props alwaysShow is true\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType, ticks);\n        if (child.props.domain) {\n          domain = parseSpecifiedDomain(child.props.domain, domain, allowDataOverflow);\n        }\n      } else if (type === 'category' && child.props.domain) {\n        var axisDomain = child.props.domain;\n        var isDomainValidate = domain.every(function (entry) {\n          return axisDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0;\n        });\n        if (isDomainValidate) {\n          domain = axisDomain;\n        }\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, child.props), {}, {\n        axisType: axisType,\n        domain: domain,\n        categoricalDomain: categoricalDomain,\n        duplicateDomain: duplicateDomain,\n        originalDomain: child.props.domain,\n        isCategorical: isCategorical,\n        layout: layout\n      })));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {});\n  return axisMap;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of axis by the options of item,\n * this kind of axis does not display in chart\n * @param  {Object} props         Latest props\n * @param  {Array} graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {ReactElement} Axis    Axis Component\n * @param  {String} axisType      The type of axis, xAxis - x-axis, yAxis - y-axis\n * @param  {String} axisIdKey     The unique id of an axis\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups   The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex   The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}               Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMapByItems = function getAxisMapByItems(props, _ref3) {\n  var graphicalItems = _ref3.graphicalItems,\n    Axis = _ref3.Axis,\n    axisType = _ref3.axisType,\n    axisIdKey = _ref3.axisIdKey,\n    stackGroups = _ref3.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref3.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref3.dataEndIndex;\n  var layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children;\n  var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n    graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n    dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n  });\n  var len = displayedData.length;\n  var isCategorical = isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType);\n  var index = -1; // The default type of x-axis is category axis,\n  // The default contents of x-axis is the serial numbers of data\n  // The default type of y-axis is number axis\n  // The default contents of y-axis is the domain of data\n\n  var axisMap = graphicalItems.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var axisId = child.props[axisIdKey];\n    if (!result[axisId]) {\n      index++;\n      var domain;\n      if (isCategorical) {\n        domain = _range(0, len);\n      } else if (stackGroups && stackGroups[axisId] && stackGroups[axisId].hasStack) {\n        domain = getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups[axisId].stackGroups, dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex);\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType);\n      } else {\n        domain = parseSpecifiedDomain(Axis.defaultProps.domain, getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n          return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n        }), 'number', layout), Axis.defaultProps.allowDataOverflow);\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType);\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        axisType: axisType\n      }, Axis.defaultProps), {}, {\n        hide: true,\n        orientation: _get(ORIENT_MAP, \"\".concat(axisType, \".\").concat(index % 2), null),\n        domain: domain,\n        originalDomain: Axis.defaultProps.domain,\n        isCategorical: isCategorical,\n        layout: layout // specify scale when no Axis\n        // scale: isCategorical ? 'band' : 'linear',\n      })));\n    }\n\n    return result;\n  }, {});\n  return axisMap;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of all x-axis or y-axis\n * @param  {Object} props          Latest props\n * @param  {String} axisType       The type of axis\n * @param  {Array}  graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups    The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex  The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex    The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}          Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMap = function getAxisMap(props, _ref4) {\n  var _ref4$axisType = _ref4.axisType,\n    axisType = _ref4$axisType === void 0 ? 'xAxis' : _ref4$axisType,\n    AxisComp = _ref4.AxisComp,\n    graphicalItems = _ref4.graphicalItems,\n    stackGroups = _ref4.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref4.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref4.dataEndIndex;\n  var children = props.children;\n  var axisIdKey = \"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\"); // Get all the instance of Axis\n\n  var axes = findAllByType(children, AxisComp);\n  var axisMap = {};\n  if (axes && axes.length) {\n    axisMap = getAxisMapByAxes(props, {\n      axes: axes,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      axisType: axisType,\n      axisIdKey: axisIdKey,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n  } else if (graphicalItems && graphicalItems.length) {\n    axisMap = getAxisMapByItems(props, {\n      Axis: AxisComp,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      axisType: axisType,\n      axisIdKey: axisIdKey,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n  }\n  return axisMap;\n};\nvar tooltipTicksGenerator = function tooltipTicksGenerator(axisMap) {\n  var axis = getAnyElementOfObject(axisMap);\n  var tooltipTicks = getTicksOfAxis(axis, false, true);\n  return {\n    tooltipTicks: tooltipTicks,\n    orderedTooltipTicks: _sortBy(tooltipTicks, function (o) {\n      return o.coordinate;\n    }),\n    tooltipAxis: axis,\n    tooltipAxisBandSize: getBandSizeOfAxis(axis, tooltipTicks)\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Returns default, reset state for the categorical chart.\n * @param {Object} props Props object to use when creating the default state\n * @return {Object} Whole new state\n */\n\nvar createDefaultState = function createDefaultState(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    defaultShowTooltip = props.defaultShowTooltip;\n  var brushItem = findChildByType(children, Brush.displayName);\n  var startIndex = brushItem && brushItem.props && brushItem.props.startIndex || 0;\n  var endIndex = brushItem && brushItem.props && brushItem.props.endIndex || props.data && props.data.length - 1 || 0;\n  return {\n    chartX: 0,\n    chartY: 0,\n    dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n    dataEndIndex: endIndex,\n    activeTooltipIndex: -1,\n    isTooltipActive: !_isNil(defaultShowTooltip) ? defaultShowTooltip : false\n  };\n};\nvar hasGraphicalBarItem = function hasGraphicalBarItem(graphicalItems) {\n  if (!graphicalItems || !graphicalItems.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return graphicalItems.some(function (item) {\n    var name = getDisplayName(item && item.type);\n    return name && name.indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n  });\n};\nvar getAxisNameByLayout = function getAxisNameByLayout(layout) {\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'yAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'xAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'xAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'yAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  if (layout === 'centric') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'radiusAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'angleAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    numericAxisName: 'angleAxis',\n    cateAxisName: 'radiusAxis'\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {Object} props          Latest props\n * graphicalItems The instances of item\n * xAxisMap       The configuration of x-axis\n * yAxisMap       The configuration of y-axis\n * @param  {Object} prevLegendBBox          the boundary box of legend\n * @return {Object} The offset of main part in the svg element\n */\n\nvar calculateOffset = function calculateOffset(_ref5, prevLegendBBox) {\n  var props = _ref5.props,\n    graphicalItems = _ref5.graphicalItems,\n    _ref5$xAxisMap = _ref5.xAxisMap,\n    xAxisMap = _ref5$xAxisMap === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$xAxisMap,\n    _ref5$yAxisMap = _ref5.yAxisMap,\n    yAxisMap = _ref5$yAxisMap === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$yAxisMap;\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    children = props.children;\n  var margin = props.margin || {};\n  var brushItem = findChildByType(children, Brush.displayName);\n  var legendItem = findChildByType(children, Legend.displayName);\n  var offsetH = Object.keys(yAxisMap).reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var entry = yAxisMap[id];\n    var orientation = entry.orientation;\n    if (!entry.mirror && !entry.hide) {\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, orientation, result[orientation] + entry.width));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {\n    left: margin.left || 0,\n    right: margin.right || 0\n  });\n  var offsetV = Object.keys(xAxisMap).reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var entry = xAxisMap[id];\n    var orientation = entry.orientation;\n    if (!entry.mirror && !entry.hide) {\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, orientation, _get(result, \"\".concat(orientation)) + entry.height));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {\n    top: margin.top || 0,\n    bottom: margin.bottom || 0\n  });\n  var offset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offsetV), offsetH);\n  var brushBottom = offset.bottom;\n  if (brushItem) {\n    offset.bottom += brushItem.props.height || Brush.defaultProps.height;\n  }\n  if (legendItem && prevLegendBBox) {\n    offset = appendOffsetOfLegend(offset, graphicalItems, props, prevLegendBBox);\n  }\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    brushBottom: brushBottom\n  }, offset), {}, {\n    width: width - offset.left - offset.right,\n    height: height - offset.top - offset.bottom\n  });\n};\nexport var generateCategoricalChart = function generateCategoricalChart(_ref6) {\n  var _class, _temp;\n  var chartName = _ref6.chartName,\n    GraphicalChild = _ref6.GraphicalChild,\n    _ref6$defaultTooltipE = _ref6.defaultTooltipEventType,\n    defaultTooltipEventType = _ref6$defaultTooltipE === void 0 ? 'axis' : _ref6$defaultTooltipE,\n    _ref6$validateTooltip = _ref6.validateTooltipEventTypes,\n    validateTooltipEventTypes = _ref6$validateTooltip === void 0 ? ['axis'] : _ref6$validateTooltip,\n    axisComponents = _ref6.axisComponents,\n    legendContent = _ref6.legendContent,\n    formatAxisMap = _ref6.formatAxisMap,\n    defaultProps = _ref6.defaultProps;\n  var getFormatItems = function getFormatItems(props, currentState) {\n    var graphicalItems = currentState.graphicalItems,\n      stackGroups = currentState.stackGroups,\n      offset = currentState.offset,\n      updateId = currentState.updateId,\n      dataStartIndex = currentState.dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex = currentState.dataEndIndex;\n    var barSize = props.barSize,\n      layout = props.layout,\n      barGap = props.barGap,\n      barCategoryGap = props.barCategoryGap,\n      globalMaxBarSize = props.maxBarSize;\n    var _getAxisNameByLayout = getAxisNameByLayout(layout),\n      numericAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout.numericAxisName,\n      cateAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout.cateAxisName;\n    var hasBar = hasGraphicalBarItem(graphicalItems);\n    var sizeList = hasBar && getBarSizeList({\n      barSize: barSize,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups\n    });\n    var formattedItems = [];\n    graphicalItems.forEach(function (item, index) {\n      var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n        dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n        dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n      }, item);\n      var _item$props = item.props,\n        dataKey = _item$props.dataKey,\n        childMaxBarSize = _item$props.maxBarSize;\n      var numericAxisId = item.props[\"\".concat(numericAxisName, \"Id\")];\n      var cateAxisId = item.props[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Id\")];\n      var axisObj = axisComponents.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n        var _objectSpread6;\n        var axisMap = currentState[\"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Map\")];\n        var id = item.props[\"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Id\")];\n        var axis = axisMap && axisMap[id];\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, (_objectSpread6 = {}, _defineProperty(_objectSpread6, entry.axisType, axis), _defineProperty(_objectSpread6, \"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Ticks\"), getTicksOfAxis(axis)), _objectSpread6));\n      }, {});\n      var cateAxis = axisObj[cateAxisName];\n      var cateTicks = axisObj[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Ticks\")];\n      var stackedData = stackGroups && stackGroups[numericAxisId] && stackGroups[numericAxisId].hasStack && getStackedDataOfItem(item, stackGroups[numericAxisId].stackGroups);\n      var itemIsBar = getDisplayName(item.type).indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n      var bandSize = getBandSizeOfAxis(cateAxis, cateTicks);\n      var barPosition = [];\n      if (itemIsBar) {\n        var _ref7, _getBandSizeOfAxis;\n\n        // 如果是bar，计算bar的位置\n        var maxBarSize = _isNil(childMaxBarSize) ? globalMaxBarSize : childMaxBarSize;\n        var barBandSize = (_ref7 = (_getBandSizeOfAxis = getBandSizeOfAxis(cateAxis, cateTicks, true)) !== null && _getBandSizeOfAxis !== void 0 ? _getBandSizeOfAxis : maxBarSize) !== null && _ref7 !== void 0 ? _ref7 : 0;\n        barPosition = getBarPosition({\n          barGap: barGap,\n          barCategoryGap: barCategoryGap,\n          bandSize: barBandSize !== bandSize ? barBandSize : bandSize,\n          sizeList: sizeList[cateAxisId],\n          maxBarSize: maxBarSize\n        });\n        if (barBandSize !== bandSize) {\n          barPosition = barPosition.map(function (pos) {\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, pos), {}, {\n              position: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, pos.position), {}, {\n                offset: pos.position.offset - barBandSize / 2\n              })\n            });\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      var composedFn = item && item.type && item.type.getComposedData;\n      if (composedFn) {\n        var _objectSpread7;\n        formattedItems.push({\n          props: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, composedFn(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n            displayedData: displayedData,\n            props: props,\n            dataKey: dataKey,\n            item: item,\n            bandSize: bandSize,\n            barPosition: barPosition,\n            offset: offset,\n            stackedData: stackedData,\n            layout: layout,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n          }))), {}, (_objectSpread7 = {\n            key: item.key || \"item-\".concat(index)\n          }, _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, numericAxisName, axisObj[numericAxisName]), _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, cateAxisName, axisObj[cateAxisName]), _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, \"animationId\", updateId), _objectSpread7)),\n          childIndex: parseChildIndex(item, props.children),\n          item: item\n        });\n      }\n    });\n    return formattedItems;\n  };\n  /**\n   * The AxisMaps are expensive to render on large data sets\n   * so provide the ability to store them in state and only update them when necessary\n   * they are dependent upon the start and end index of\n   * the brush so it's important that this method is called _after_\n   * the state is updated with any new start/end indices\n   *\n   * @param {Object} props          The props object to be used for updating the axismaps\n   * dataStartIndex: The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n   * dataEndIndex: The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n   * updateId: The update id\n   * @param {Object} prevState      Prev state\n   * @return {Object} state New state to set\n   */\n\n  var updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups = function updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_ref8, prevState) {\n    var props = _ref8.props,\n      dataStartIndex = _ref8.dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex = _ref8.dataEndIndex,\n      updateId = _ref8.updateId;\n    if (!validateWidthHeight({\n      props: props\n    })) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var children = props.children,\n      layout = props.layout,\n      stackOffset = props.stackOffset,\n      data = props.data,\n      reverseStackOrder = props.reverseStackOrder;\n    var _getAxisNameByLayout2 = getAxisNameByLayout(layout),\n      numericAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout2.numericAxisName,\n      cateAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout2.cateAxisName;\n    var graphicalItems = findAllByType(children, GraphicalChild);\n    var stackGroups = getStackGroupsByAxisId(data, graphicalItems, \"\".concat(numericAxisName, \"Id\"), \"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Id\"), stackOffset, reverseStackOrder);\n    var axisObj = axisComponents.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      var name = \"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Map\");\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, name, getAxisMap(props, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n        graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n        stackGroups: entry.axisType === numericAxisName && stackGroups,\n        dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n        dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n      }))));\n    }, {});\n    var offset = calculateOffset(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n      props: props,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems\n    }), prevState === null || prevState === void 0 ? void 0 : prevState.legendBBox);\n    Object.keys(axisObj).forEach(function (key) {\n      axisObj[key] = formatAxisMap(props, axisObj[key], offset, key.replace('Map', ''), chartName);\n    });\n    var cateAxisMap = axisObj[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Map\")];\n    var ticksObj = tooltipTicksGenerator(cateAxisMap);\n    var formattedGraphicalItems = getFormatItems(props, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n      updateId: updateId,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      offset: offset\n    }));\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n      formattedGraphicalItems: formattedGraphicalItems,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      offset: offset,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups\n    }, ticksObj), axisObj);\n  };\n  return _temp = _class = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n    _inherits(CategoricalChartWrapper, _Component);\n    var _super = _createSuper(CategoricalChartWrapper);\n\n    // todo join specific chart propTypes\n    function CategoricalChartWrapper(_props) {\n      var _this;\n      _classCallCheck(this, CategoricalChartWrapper);\n      _this = _super.call(this, _props);\n      _this.uniqueChartId = void 0;\n      _this.clipPathId = void 0;\n      _this.legendInstance = void 0;\n      _this.deferId = void 0;\n      _this.container = void 0;\n      _this.clearDeferId = function () {\n        if (!_isNil(_this.deferId) && deferClear) {\n          deferClear(_this.deferId);\n        }\n        _this.deferId = null;\n      };\n      _this.handleLegendBBoxUpdate = function (box) {\n        if (box) {\n          var _this$state = _this.state,\n            dataStartIndex = _this$state.dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex = _this$state.dataEndIndex,\n            updateId = _this$state.updateId;\n          _this.setState(_objectSpread({\n            legendBBox: box\n          }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n            props: _this.props,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n            updateId: updateId\n          }, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _this.state), {}, {\n            legendBBox: box\n          }))));\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleReceiveSyncEvent = function (cId, chartId, data) {\n        var syncId = _this.props.syncId;\n        if (syncId === cId && chartId !== _this.uniqueChartId) {\n          _this.clearDeferId();\n          _this.deferId = defer && defer(_this.applySyncEvent.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), data));\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleBrushChange = function (_ref9) {\n        var startIndex = _ref9.startIndex,\n          endIndex = _ref9.endIndex;\n\n        // Only trigger changes if the extents of the brush have actually changed\n        if (startIndex !== _this.state.dataStartIndex || endIndex !== _this.state.dataEndIndex) {\n          var updateId = _this.state.updateId;\n          _this.setState(function () {\n            return _objectSpread({\n              dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n              dataEndIndex: endIndex\n            }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n              props: _this.props,\n              dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n              dataEndIndex: endIndex,\n              updateId: updateId\n            }, _this.state));\n          });\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent({\n            dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: endIndex\n          });\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseEnter = function (e) {\n        var onMouseEnter = _this.props.onMouseEnter;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        if (mouse) {\n          var _nextState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n            isTooltipActive: true\n          });\n          _this.setState(_nextState);\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent(_nextState);\n          if (_isFunction(onMouseEnter)) {\n            onMouseEnter(_nextState, e);\n          }\n        }\n      };\n      _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove = function (e) {\n        var onMouseMove = _this.props.onMouseMove;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        var nextState = mouse ? _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n          isTooltipActive: true\n        }) : {\n          isTooltipActive: false\n        };\n        _this.setState(nextState);\n        _this.triggerSyncEvent(nextState);\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseMove)) {\n          onMouseMove(nextState, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleItemMouseEnter = function (el) {\n        _this.setState(function () {\n          return {\n            isTooltipActive: true,\n            activeItem: el,\n            activePayload: el.tooltipPayload,\n            activeCoordinate: el.tooltipPosition || {\n              x: el.cx,\n              y: el.cy\n            }\n          };\n        });\n      };\n      _this.handleItemMouseLeave = function () {\n        _this.setState(function () {\n          return {\n            isTooltipActive: false\n          };\n        });\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseMove = function (e) {\n        if (e && _isFunction(e.persist)) {\n          e.persist();\n        }\n        _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove(e);\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseLeave = function (e) {\n        var onMouseLeave = _this.props.onMouseLeave;\n        var nextState = {\n          isTooltipActive: false\n        };\n        _this.setState(nextState);\n        _this.triggerSyncEvent(nextState);\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseLeave)) {\n          onMouseLeave(nextState, e);\n        }\n        _this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove();\n      };\n      _this.handleOuterEvent = function (e) {\n        var eventName = getReactEventByType(e);\n        var event = _get(_this.props, \"\".concat(eventName));\n        if (eventName && _isFunction(event)) {\n          var mouse;\n          if (/.*touch.*/i.test(eventName)) {\n            mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e.changedTouches[0]);\n          } else {\n            mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          }\n          var handler = event;\n          handler(mouse, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleClick = function (e) {\n        var onClick = _this.props.onClick;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        if (mouse) {\n          var _nextState2 = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n            isTooltipActive: true\n          });\n          _this.setState(_nextState2);\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent(_nextState2);\n          if (_isFunction(onClick)) {\n            onClick(_nextState2, e);\n          }\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseDown = function (e) {\n        var onMouseDown = _this.props.onMouseDown;\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseDown)) {\n          var _nextState3 = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          onMouseDown(_nextState3, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseUp = function (e) {\n        var onMouseUp = _this.props.onMouseUp;\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseUp)) {\n          var _nextState4 = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          onMouseUp(_nextState4, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchMove = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseMove(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchStart = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseDown(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchEnd = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseUp(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.verticalCoordinatesGenerator = function (_ref10) {\n        var xAxis = _ref10.xAxis,\n          width = _ref10.width,\n          height = _ref10.height,\n          offset = _ref10.offset;\n        return getCoordinatesOfGrid(CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, CartesianAxis.defaultProps), xAxis), {}, {\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(xAxis, true),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }\n        })), offset.left, offset.left + offset.width);\n      };\n      _this.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator = function (_ref11) {\n        var yAxis = _ref11.yAxis,\n          width = _ref11.width,\n          height = _ref11.height,\n          offset = _ref11.offset;\n        return getCoordinatesOfGrid(CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, CartesianAxis.defaultProps), yAxis), {}, {\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(yAxis, true),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }\n        })), offset.top, offset.top + offset.height);\n      };\n      _this.axesTicksGenerator = function (axis) {\n        return getTicksOfAxis(axis, true);\n      };\n      _this.renderCursor = function (element) {\n        var _this$state2 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state2.isTooltipActive,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state2.activeCoordinate,\n          activePayload = _this$state2.activePayload,\n          offset = _this$state2.offset,\n          activeTooltipIndex = _this$state2.activeTooltipIndex;\n        var tooltipEventType = _this.getTooltipEventType();\n        if (!element || !element.props.cursor || !isTooltipActive || !activeCoordinate || chartName !== 'ScatterChart' && tooltipEventType !== 'axis') {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var layout = _this.props.layout;\n        var restProps;\n        var cursorComp = Curve;\n        if (chartName === 'ScatterChart') {\n          restProps = activeCoordinate;\n          cursorComp = Cross;\n        } else if (chartName === 'BarChart') {\n          restProps = _this.getCursorRectangle();\n          cursorComp = Rectangle;\n        } else if (layout === 'radial') {\n          var _this$getCursorPoints = _this.getCursorPoints(),\n            cx = _this$getCursorPoints.cx,\n            cy = _this$getCursorPoints.cy,\n            radius = _this$getCursorPoints.radius,\n            startAngle = _this$getCursorPoints.startAngle,\n            endAngle = _this$getCursorPoints.endAngle;\n          restProps = {\n            cx: cx,\n            cy: cy,\n            startAngle: startAngle,\n            endAngle: endAngle,\n            innerRadius: radius,\n            outerRadius: radius\n          };\n          cursorComp = Sector;\n        } else {\n          restProps = {\n            points: _this.getCursorPoints()\n          };\n          cursorComp = Curve;\n        }\n        var key = element.key || '_recharts-cursor';\n        var cursorProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          stroke: '#ccc',\n          pointerEvents: 'none'\n        }, offset), restProps), filterProps(element.props.cursor)), {}, {\n          payload: activePayload,\n          payloadIndex: activeTooltipIndex,\n          key: key,\n          className: 'recharts-tooltip-cursor'\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(element.props.cursor) ? /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element.props.cursor, cursorProps) : /*#__PURE__*/createElement(cursorComp, cursorProps);\n      };\n      _this.renderPolarAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var axisType = _get(element, 'type.axisType');\n        var axisMap = _get(_this.state, \"\".concat(axisType, \"Map\"));\n        var axisOption = axisMap[element.props[\"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\")]];\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisOption), {}, {\n          className: axisType,\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(axisOption, true)\n        }));\n      };\n      _this.renderXAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var xAxisMap = _this.state.xAxisMap;\n        var axisObj = xAxisMap[element.props.xAxisId];\n        return _this.renderAxis(axisObj, element, displayName, index);\n      };\n      _this.renderYAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var yAxisMap = _this.state.yAxisMap;\n        var axisObj = yAxisMap[element.props.yAxisId];\n        return _this.renderAxis(axisObj, element, displayName, index);\n      };\n      _this.renderGrid = function (element) {\n        var _this$state3 = _this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state3.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state3.yAxisMap,\n          offset = _this$state3.offset;\n        var _this$props = _this.props,\n          width = _this$props.width,\n          height = _this$props.height;\n        var xAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(xAxisMap);\n        var yAxisWithFiniteDomain = _find(yAxisMap, function (axis) {\n          return _every(axis.domain, isFinit);\n        });\n        var yAxis = yAxisWithFiniteDomain || getAnyElementOfObject(yAxisMap);\n        var props = element.props || {};\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || 'grid',\n          x: isNumber(props.x) ? props.x : offset.left,\n          y: isNumber(props.y) ? props.y : offset.top,\n          width: isNumber(props.width) ? props.width : offset.width,\n          height: isNumber(props.height) ? props.height : offset.height,\n          xAxis: xAxis,\n          yAxis: yAxis,\n          offset: offset,\n          chartWidth: width,\n          chartHeight: height,\n          verticalCoordinatesGenerator: props.verticalCoordinatesGenerator || _this.verticalCoordinatesGenerator,\n          horizontalCoordinatesGenerator: props.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator || _this.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderPolarGrid = function (element) {\n        var _element$props = element.props,\n          radialLines = _element$props.radialLines,\n          polarAngles = _element$props.polarAngles,\n          polarRadius = _element$props.polarRadius;\n        var _this$state4 = _this.state,\n          radiusAxisMap = _this$state4.radiusAxisMap,\n          angleAxisMap = _this$state4.angleAxisMap;\n        var radiusAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(radiusAxisMap);\n        var angleAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(angleAxisMap);\n        var cx = angleAxis.cx,\n          cy = angleAxis.cy,\n          innerRadius = angleAxis.innerRadius,\n          outerRadius = angleAxis.outerRadius;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          polarAngles: _isArray(polarAngles) ? polarAngles : getTicksOfAxis(angleAxis, true).map(function (entry) {\n            return entry.coordinate;\n          }),\n          polarRadius: _isArray(polarRadius) ? polarRadius : getTicksOfAxis(radiusAxis, true).map(function (entry) {\n            return entry.coordinate;\n          }),\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          key: element.key || 'polar-grid',\n          radialLines: radialLines\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderLegend = function () {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = _this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        var _this$props2 = _this.props,\n          children = _this$props2.children,\n          width = _this$props2.width,\n          height = _this$props2.height;\n        var margin = _this.props.margin || {};\n        var legendWidth = width - (margin.left || 0) - (margin.right || 0);\n        var props = getLegendProps({\n          children: children,\n          formattedGraphicalItems: formattedGraphicalItems,\n          legendWidth: legendWidth,\n          legendContent: legendContent\n        });\n        if (!props) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var item = props.item,\n          otherProps = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"item\"]);\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(item, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, otherProps), {}, {\n          chartWidth: width,\n          chartHeight: height,\n          margin: margin,\n          ref: function ref(legend) {\n            _this.legendInstance = legend;\n          },\n          onBBoxUpdate: _this.handleLegendBBoxUpdate\n        }));\n      };\n      _this.renderTooltip = function () {\n        var children = _this.props.children;\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        if (!tooltipItem) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$state5 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state5.isTooltipActive,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state5.activeCoordinate,\n          activePayload = _this$state5.activePayload,\n          activeLabel = _this$state5.activeLabel,\n          offset = _this$state5.offset;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(tooltipItem, {\n          viewBox: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top\n          }),\n          active: isTooltipActive,\n          label: activeLabel,\n          payload: isTooltipActive ? activePayload : [],\n          coordinate: activeCoordinate\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderBrush = function (element) {\n        var _this$props3 = _this.props,\n          margin = _this$props3.margin,\n          data = _this$props3.data;\n        var _this$state6 = _this.state,\n          offset = _this$state6.offset,\n          dataStartIndex = _this$state6.dataStartIndex,\n          dataEndIndex = _this$state6.dataEndIndex,\n          updateId = _this$state6.updateId; // TODO: update brush when children update\n\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || '_recharts-brush',\n          onChange: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleBrushChange, null, element.props.onChange),\n          data: data,\n          x: isNumber(element.props.x) ? element.props.x : offset.left,\n          y: isNumber(element.props.y) ? element.props.y : offset.top + offset.height + offset.brushBottom - (margin.bottom || 0),\n          width: isNumber(element.props.width) ? element.props.width : offset.width,\n          startIndex: dataStartIndex,\n          endIndex: dataEndIndex,\n          updateId: \"brush-\".concat(updateId)\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderReferenceElement = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        if (!element) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _assertThisInitialize = _assertThisInitialized(_this),\n          clipPathId = _assertThisInitialize.clipPathId;\n        var _this$state7 = _this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state7.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state7.yAxisMap,\n          offset = _this$state7.offset;\n        var _element$props2 = element.props,\n          xAxisId = _element$props2.xAxisId,\n          yAxisId = _element$props2.yAxisId;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          xAxis: xAxisMap[xAxisId],\n          yAxis: yAxisMap[yAxisId],\n          viewBox: {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top,\n            width: offset.width,\n            height: offset.height\n          },\n          clipPathId: clipPathId\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderActivePoints = function (_ref12) {\n        var item = _ref12.item,\n          activePoint = _ref12.activePoint,\n          basePoint = _ref12.basePoint,\n          childIndex = _ref12.childIndex,\n          isRange = _ref12.isRange;\n        var result = [];\n        var key = item.props.key;\n        var _item$item$props = item.item.props,\n          activeDot = _item$item$props.activeDot,\n          dataKey = _item$item$props.dataKey;\n        var dotProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          index: childIndex,\n          dataKey: dataKey,\n          cx: activePoint.x,\n          cy: activePoint.y,\n          r: 4,\n          fill: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item.item),\n          strokeWidth: 2,\n          stroke: '#fff',\n          payload: activePoint.payload,\n          value: activePoint.value,\n          key: \"\".concat(key, \"-activePoint-\").concat(childIndex)\n        }, filterProps(activeDot)), adaptEventHandlers(activeDot));\n        result.push(CategoricalChartWrapper.renderActiveDot(activeDot, dotProps));\n        if (basePoint) {\n          result.push(CategoricalChartWrapper.renderActiveDot(activeDot, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, dotProps), {}, {\n            cx: basePoint.x,\n            cy: basePoint.y,\n            key: \"\".concat(key, \"-basePoint-\").concat(childIndex)\n          })));\n        } else if (isRange) {\n          result.push(null);\n        }\n        return result;\n      };\n      _this.renderGraphicChild = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var item = _this.filterFormatItem(element, displayName, index);\n        if (!item) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var tooltipEventType = _this.getTooltipEventType();\n        var _this$state8 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state8.isTooltipActive,\n          tooltipAxis = _this$state8.tooltipAxis,\n          activeTooltipIndex = _this$state8.activeTooltipIndex,\n          activeLabel = _this$state8.activeLabel;\n        var children = _this.props.children;\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        var _item$props2 = item.props,\n          points = _item$props2.points,\n          isRange = _item$props2.isRange,\n          baseLine = _item$props2.baseLine;\n        var _item$item$props2 = item.item.props,\n          activeDot = _item$item$props2.activeDot,\n          hide = _item$item$props2.hide;\n        var hasActive = !hide && isTooltipActive && tooltipItem && activeDot && activeTooltipIndex >= 0;\n        var itemEvents = {};\n        if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis' && tooltipItem && tooltipItem.props.trigger === 'click') {\n          itemEvents = {\n            onClick: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseEnter, null, element.props.onCLick)\n          };\n        } else if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis') {\n          itemEvents = {\n            onMouseLeave: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseLeave, null, element.props.onMouseLeave),\n            onMouseEnter: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseEnter, null, element.props.onMouseEnter)\n          };\n        }\n        var graphicalItem = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, item.props), itemEvents));\n        function findWithPayload(entry) {\n          // TODO needs to verify dataKey is Function\n          return typeof tooltipAxis.dataKey === 'function' ? tooltipAxis.dataKey(entry.payload) : null;\n        }\n        if (hasActive) {\n          var activePoint, basePoint;\n          if (tooltipAxis.dataKey && !tooltipAxis.allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            // number transform to string\n            var specifiedKey = typeof tooltipAxis.dataKey === 'function' ? findWithPayload : 'payload.'.concat(tooltipAxis.dataKey.toString());\n            activePoint = findEntryInArray(points, specifiedKey, activeLabel);\n            basePoint = isRange && baseLine && findEntryInArray(baseLine, specifiedKey, activeLabel);\n          } else {\n            activePoint = points[activeTooltipIndex];\n            basePoint = isRange && baseLine && baseLine[activeTooltipIndex];\n          }\n          if (!_isNil(activePoint)) {\n            return [graphicalItem].concat(_toConsumableArray(_this.renderActivePoints({\n              item: item,\n              activePoint: activePoint,\n              basePoint: basePoint,\n              childIndex: activeTooltipIndex,\n              isRange: isRange\n            })));\n          }\n        }\n        if (isRange) {\n          return [graphicalItem, null, null];\n        }\n        return [graphicalItem, null];\n      };\n      _this.renderCustomized = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          key: \"recharts-customized-\".concat(index)\n        }, _this.props), _this.state));\n      };\n      _this.uniqueChartId = _isNil(_props.id) ? uniqueId('recharts') : _props.id;\n      _this.clipPathId = \"\".concat(_this.uniqueChartId, \"-clip\");\n      if (_props.throttleDelay) {\n        _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove = _throttle(_this.triggeredAfterMouseMove, _props.throttleDelay);\n      }\n      _this.state = {};\n      return _this;\n    }\n    /* eslint-disable  react/no-did-mount-set-state */\n\n    _createClass(CategoricalChartWrapper, [{\n      key: \"componentDidMount\",\n      value: function componentDidMount() {\n        if (!_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.addListener();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n      value: function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n        // add syncId\n        if (_isNil(prevProps.syncId) && !_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.addListener();\n        } // remove syncId\n\n        if (!_isNil(prevProps.syncId) && _isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.removeListener();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n      value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n        this.clearDeferId();\n        if (!_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.removeListener();\n        }\n        this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove();\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove\",\n      value: function cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove() {\n        if (typeof this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel === 'function') {\n          this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getTooltipEventType\",\n      value: function getTooltipEventType() {\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(this.props.children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        if (tooltipItem && _isBoolean(tooltipItem.props.shared)) {\n          var eventType = tooltipItem.props.shared ? 'axis' : 'item';\n          return validateTooltipEventTypes.indexOf(eventType) >= 0 ? eventType : defaultTooltipEventType;\n        }\n        return defaultTooltipEventType;\n      }\n      /**\n       * Get the information of mouse in chart, return null when the mouse is not in the chart\n       * @param  {Object} event    The event object\n       * @return {Object}          Mouse data\n       */\n    }, {\n      key: \"getMouseInfo\",\n      value: function getMouseInfo(event) {\n        if (!this.container) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var containerOffset = getOffset(this.container);\n        var e = calculateChartCoordinate(event, containerOffset);\n        var rangeObj = this.inRange(e.chartX, e.chartY);\n        if (!rangeObj) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$state9 = this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state9.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state9.yAxisMap;\n        var tooltipEventType = this.getTooltipEventType();\n        if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis' && xAxisMap && yAxisMap) {\n          var xScale = getAnyElementOfObject(xAxisMap).scale;\n          var yScale = getAnyElementOfObject(yAxisMap).scale;\n          var xValue = xScale && xScale.invert ? xScale.invert(e.chartX) : null;\n          var yValue = yScale && yScale.invert ? yScale.invert(e.chartY) : null;\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, e), {}, {\n            xValue: xValue,\n            yValue: yValue\n          });\n        }\n        var toolTipData = getTooltipData(this.state, this.props.data, this.props.layout, rangeObj);\n        if (toolTipData) {\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, e), toolTipData);\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getCursorRectangle\",\n      value: function getCursorRectangle() {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        var _this$state10 = this.state,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state10.activeCoordinate,\n          offset = _this$state10.offset,\n          tooltipAxisBandSize = _this$state10.tooltipAxisBandSize;\n        var halfSize = tooltipAxisBandSize / 2;\n        return {\n          stroke: 'none',\n          fill: '#ccc',\n          x: layout === 'horizontal' ? activeCoordinate.x - halfSize : offset.left + 0.5,\n          y: layout === 'horizontal' ? offset.top + 0.5 : activeCoordinate.y - halfSize,\n          width: layout === 'horizontal' ? tooltipAxisBandSize : offset.width - 1,\n          height: layout === 'horizontal' ? offset.height - 1 : tooltipAxisBandSize\n        };\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getCursorPoints\",\n      value: function getCursorPoints() {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        var _this$state11 = this.state,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state11.activeCoordinate,\n          offset = _this$state11.offset;\n        var x1, y1, x2, y2;\n        if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n          x1 = activeCoordinate.x;\n          x2 = x1;\n          y1 = offset.top;\n          y2 = offset.top + offset.height;\n        } else if (layout === 'vertical') {\n          y1 = activeCoordinate.y;\n          y2 = y1;\n          x1 = offset.left;\n          x2 = offset.left + offset.width;\n        } else if (!_isNil(activeCoordinate.cx) || !_isNil(activeCoordinate.cy)) {\n          if (layout === 'centric') {\n            var cx = activeCoordinate.cx,\n              cy = activeCoordinate.cy,\n              innerRadius = activeCoordinate.innerRadius,\n              outerRadius = activeCoordinate.outerRadius,\n              angle = activeCoordinate.angle;\n            var innerPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, angle);\n            var outerPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, angle);\n            x1 = innerPoint.x;\n            y1 = innerPoint.y;\n            x2 = outerPoint.x;\n            y2 = outerPoint.y;\n          } else {\n            var _cx = activeCoordinate.cx,\n              _cy = activeCoordinate.cy,\n              radius = activeCoordinate.radius,\n              startAngle = activeCoordinate.startAngle,\n              endAngle = activeCoordinate.endAngle;\n            var startPoint = polarToCartesian(_cx, _cy, radius, startAngle);\n            var endPoint = polarToCartesian(_cx, _cy, radius, endAngle);\n            return {\n              points: [startPoint, endPoint],\n              cx: _cx,\n              cy: _cy,\n              radius: radius,\n              startAngle: startAngle,\n              endAngle: endAngle\n            };\n          }\n        }\n        return [{\n          x: x1,\n          y: y1\n        }, {\n          x: x2,\n          y: y2\n        }];\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"inRange\",\n      value: function inRange(x, y) {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        if (layout === 'horizontal' || layout === 'vertical') {\n          var offset = this.state.offset;\n          var isInRange = x >= offset.left && x <= offset.left + offset.width && y >= offset.top && y <= offset.top + offset.height;\n          return isInRange ? {\n            x: x,\n            y: y\n          } : null;\n        }\n        var _this$state12 = this.state,\n          angleAxisMap = _this$state12.angleAxisMap,\n          radiusAxisMap = _this$state12.radiusAxisMap;\n        if (angleAxisMap && radiusAxisMap) {\n          var angleAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(angleAxisMap);\n          return inRangeOfSector({\n            x: x,\n            y: y\n          }, angleAxis);\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"parseEventsOfWrapper\",\n      value: function parseEventsOfWrapper() {\n        var children = this.props.children;\n        var tooltipEventType = this.getTooltipEventType();\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        var tooltipEvents = {};\n        if (tooltipItem && tooltipEventType === 'axis') {\n          if (tooltipItem.props.trigger === 'click') {\n            tooltipEvents = {\n              onClick: this.handleClick\n            };\n          } else {\n            tooltipEvents = {\n              onMouseEnter: this.handleMouseEnter,\n              onMouseMove: this.handleMouseMove,\n              onMouseLeave: this.handleMouseLeave,\n              onTouchMove: this.handleTouchMove,\n              onTouchStart: this.handleTouchStart,\n              onTouchEnd: this.handleTouchEnd\n            };\n          }\n        }\n        var outerEvents = adaptEventHandlers(this.props, this.handleOuterEvent);\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, outerEvents), tooltipEvents);\n      }\n      /* eslint-disable  no-underscore-dangle */\n    }, {\n      key: \"addListener\",\n      value: function addListener() {\n        eventCenter.on(SYNC_EVENT, this.handleReceiveSyncEvent);\n        if (eventCenter.setMaxListeners && eventCenter._maxListeners) {\n          eventCenter.setMaxListeners(eventCenter._maxListeners + 1);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"removeListener\",\n      value: function removeListener() {\n        eventCenter.removeListener(SYNC_EVENT, this.handleReceiveSyncEvent);\n        if (eventCenter.setMaxListeners && eventCenter._maxListeners) {\n          eventCenter.setMaxListeners(eventCenter._maxListeners - 1);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"triggerSyncEvent\",\n      value: function triggerSyncEvent(data) {\n        var syncId = this.props.syncId;\n        if (!_isNil(syncId)) {\n          eventCenter.emit(SYNC_EVENT, syncId, this.uniqueChartId, data);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"applySyncEvent\",\n      value: function applySyncEvent(data) {\n        var _this$props4 = this.props,\n          layout = _this$props4.layout,\n          syncMethod = _this$props4.syncMethod;\n        var updateId = this.state.updateId;\n        var dataStartIndex = data.dataStartIndex,\n          dataEndIndex = data.dataEndIndex;\n        if (!_isNil(data.dataStartIndex) || !_isNil(data.dataEndIndex)) {\n          this.setState(_objectSpread({\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n          }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n            props: this.props,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n            updateId: updateId\n          }, this.state)));\n        } else if (!_isNil(data.activeTooltipIndex)) {\n          var chartX = data.chartX,\n            chartY = data.chartY;\n          var activeTooltipIndex = data.activeTooltipIndex;\n          var _this$state13 = this.state,\n            offset = _this$state13.offset,\n            tooltipTicks = _this$state13.tooltipTicks;\n          if (!offset) {\n            return;\n          }\n          if (typeof syncMethod === 'function') {\n            // Call a callback function. If there is an application specific algorithm\n            activeTooltipIndex = syncMethod(tooltipTicks, data);\n          } else if (syncMethod === 'value') {\n            // Set activeTooltipIndex to the index with the same value as data.activeLabel\n            // For loop instead of findIndex because the latter is very slow in some browsers\n            activeTooltipIndex = -1; // in case we cannot find the element\n\n            for (var i = 0; i < tooltipTicks.length; i++) {\n              if (tooltipTicks[i].value === data.activeLabel) {\n                activeTooltipIndex = i;\n                break;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          var viewBox = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top\n          }); // When a categotical chart is combined with another chart, the value of chartX\n          // and chartY may beyond the boundaries.\n\n          var validateChartX = Math.min(chartX, viewBox.x + viewBox.width);\n          var validateChartY = Math.min(chartY, viewBox.y + viewBox.height);\n          var activeLabel = tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex] && tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].value;\n          var activePayload = getTooltipContent(this.state, this.props.data, activeTooltipIndex);\n          var activeCoordinate = tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex] ? {\n            x: layout === 'horizontal' ? tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].coordinate : validateChartX,\n            y: layout === 'horizontal' ? validateChartY : tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].coordinate\n          } : originCoordinate;\n          this.setState(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, data), {}, {\n            activeLabel: activeLabel,\n            activeCoordinate: activeCoordinate,\n            activePayload: activePayload,\n            activeTooltipIndex: activeTooltipIndex\n          }));\n        } else {\n          this.setState(data);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"filterFormatItem\",\n      value: function filterFormatItem(item, displayName, childIndex) {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        for (var i = 0, len = formattedGraphicalItems.length; i < len; i++) {\n          var entry = formattedGraphicalItems[i];\n          if (entry.item === item || entry.props.key === item.key || displayName === getDisplayName(entry.item.type) && childIndex === entry.childIndex) {\n            return entry;\n          }\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"renderAxis\",\n      value:\n      /**\n       * Draw axis\n       * @param {Object} axisOptions The options of axis\n       * @param {Object} element      The axis element\n       * @param {String} displayName  The display name of axis\n       * @param {Number} index        The index of element\n       * @return {ReactElement}       The instance of x-axes\n       */\n      function renderAxis(axisOptions, element, displayName, index) {\n        var _this$props5 = this.props,\n          width = _this$props5.width,\n          height = _this$props5.height;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CartesianAxis, _extends({}, axisOptions, {\n          className: \"recharts-\".concat(axisOptions.axisType, \" \").concat(axisOptions.axisType),\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          },\n          ticksGenerator: this.axesTicksGenerator\n        }));\n      }\n      /**\n       * Draw grid\n       * @param  {ReactElement} element the grid item\n       * @return {ReactElement} The instance of grid\n       */\n    }, {\n      key: \"renderClipPath\",\n      value: function renderClipPath() {\n        var clipPathId = this.clipPathId;\n        var _this$state$offset = this.state.offset,\n          left = _this$state$offset.left,\n          top = _this$state$offset.top,\n          height = _this$state$offset.height,\n          width = _this$state$offset.width;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"clipPath\", {\n          id: clipPathId\n        }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n          x: left,\n          y: top,\n          height: height,\n          width: width\n        })));\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getXScales\",\n      value: function getXScales() {\n        var xAxisMap = this.state.xAxisMap;\n        return xAxisMap ? Object.entries(xAxisMap).reduce(function (res, _ref13) {\n          var _ref14 = _slicedToArray(_ref13, 2),\n            axisId = _ref14[0],\n            axisProps = _ref14[1];\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, axisProps.scale));\n        }, {}) : null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getYScales\",\n      value: function getYScales() {\n        var yAxisMap = this.state.yAxisMap;\n        return yAxisMap ? Object.entries(yAxisMap).reduce(function (res, _ref15) {\n          var _ref16 = _slicedToArray(_ref15, 2),\n            axisId = _ref16[0],\n            axisProps = _ref16[1];\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, axisProps.scale));\n        }, {}) : null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getXScaleByAxisId\",\n      value: function getXScaleByAxisId(axisId) {\n        var _this$state$xAxisMap, _this$state$xAxisMap$;\n        return (_this$state$xAxisMap = this.state.xAxisMap) === null || _this$state$xAxisMap === void 0 ? void 0 : (_this$state$xAxisMap$ = _this$state$xAxisMap[axisId]) === null || _this$state$xAxisMap$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$state$xAxisMap$.scale;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getYScaleByAxisId\",\n      value: function getYScaleByAxisId(axisId) {\n        var _this$state$yAxisMap, _this$state$yAxisMap$;\n        return (_this$state$yAxisMap = this.state.yAxisMap) === null || _this$state$yAxisMap === void 0 ? void 0 : (_this$state$yAxisMap$ = _this$state$yAxisMap[axisId]) === null || _this$state$yAxisMap$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$state$yAxisMap$.scale;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getItemByXY\",\n      value: function getItemByXY(chartXY) {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        if (formattedGraphicalItems && formattedGraphicalItems.length) {\n          for (var i = 0, len = formattedGraphicalItems.length; i < len; i++) {\n            var graphicalItem = formattedGraphicalItems[i];\n            var props = graphicalItem.props,\n              item = graphicalItem.item;\n            var itemDisplayName = getDisplayName(item.type);\n            if (itemDisplayName === 'Bar') {\n              var activeBarItem = (props.data || []).find(function (entry) {\n                return isInRectangle(chartXY, entry);\n              });\n              if (activeBarItem) {\n                return {\n                  graphicalItem: graphicalItem,\n                  payload: activeBarItem\n                };\n              }\n            } else if (itemDisplayName === 'RadialBar') {\n              var _activeBarItem = (props.data || []).find(function (entry) {\n                return inRangeOfSector(chartXY, entry);\n              });\n              if (_activeBarItem) {\n                return {\n                  graphicalItem: graphicalItem,\n                  payload: _activeBarItem\n                };\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"render\",\n      value: function render() {\n        var _this2 = this;\n        if (!validateWidthHeight(this)) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$props6 = this.props,\n          children = _this$props6.children,\n          className = _this$props6.className,\n          width = _this$props6.width,\n          height = _this$props6.height,\n          style = _this$props6.style,\n          compact = _this$props6.compact,\n          title = _this$props6.title,\n          desc = _this$props6.desc,\n          others = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props6, [\"children\", \"className\", \"width\", \"height\", \"style\", \"compact\", \"title\", \"desc\"]);\n        var attrs = filterProps(others);\n        var map = {\n          CartesianGrid: {\n            handler: this.renderGrid,\n            once: true\n          },\n          ReferenceArea: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          ReferenceLine: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          ReferenceDot: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          XAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderXAxis\n          },\n          YAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderYAxis\n          },\n          Brush: {\n            handler: this.renderBrush,\n            once: true\n          },\n          Bar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Line: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Area: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Radar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          RadialBar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Scatter: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Pie: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Funnel: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Tooltip: {\n            handler: this.renderCursor,\n            once: true\n          },\n          PolarGrid: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarGrid,\n            once: true\n          },\n          PolarAngleAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarAxis\n          },\n          PolarRadiusAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarAxis\n          },\n          Customized: {\n            handler: this.renderCustomized\n          }\n        }; // The \"compact\" mode is mainly used as the panorama within Brush\n\n        if (compact) {\n          return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, _extends({}, attrs, {\n            width: width,\n            height: height,\n            title: title,\n            desc: desc\n          }), this.renderClipPath(), renderByOrder(children, map));\n        }\n        var events = this.parseEventsOfWrapper();\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n          className: classNames('recharts-wrapper', className),\n          style: _objectSpread({\n            position: 'relative',\n            cursor: 'default',\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }, style)\n        }, events, {\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.container = node;\n          }\n        }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, _extends({}, attrs, {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          title: title,\n          desc: desc\n        }), this.renderClipPath(), renderByOrder(children, map)), this.renderLegend(), this.renderTooltip());\n      }\n    }]);\n    return CategoricalChartWrapper;\n  }(Component), _class.displayName = chartName, _class.defaultProps = _objectSpread({\n    layout: 'horizontal',\n    stackOffset: 'none',\n    barCategoryGap: '10%',\n    barGap: 4,\n    margin: {\n      top: 5,\n      right: 5,\n      bottom: 5,\n      left: 5\n    },\n    reverseStackOrder: false,\n    syncMethod: 'index'\n  }, defaultProps), _class.getDerivedStateFromProps = function (nextProps, prevState) {\n    var data = nextProps.data,\n      children = nextProps.children,\n      width = nextProps.width,\n      height = nextProps.height,\n      layout = nextProps.layout,\n      stackOffset = nextProps.stackOffset,\n      margin = nextProps.margin;\n    if (_isNil(prevState.updateId)) {\n      var defaultState = createDefaultState(nextProps);\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, defaultState), {}, {\n        updateId: 0\n      }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, defaultState), {}, {\n        updateId: 0\n      }), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevData: data,\n        prevWidth: width,\n        prevHeight: height,\n        prevLayout: layout,\n        prevStackOffset: stackOffset,\n        prevMargin: margin,\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    if (data !== prevState.prevData || width !== prevState.prevWidth || height !== prevState.prevHeight || layout !== prevState.prevLayout || stackOffset !== prevState.prevStackOffset || !shallowEqual(margin, prevState.prevMargin)) {\n      var _defaultState = createDefaultState(nextProps); // Fixes https://github.com/recharts/recharts/issues/2143\n\n      var keepFromPrevState = {\n        // (chartX, chartY) are (0,0) in default state, but we want to keep the last mouse position to avoid\n        // any flickering\n        chartX: prevState.chartX,\n        chartY: prevState.chartY,\n        // The tooltip should stay active when it was active in the previous render. If this is not\n        // the case, the tooltip disappears and immediately re-appears, causing a flickering effect\n        isTooltipActive: prevState.isTooltipActive\n      };\n      var updatesToState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, getTooltipData(prevState, data, layout)), {}, {\n        updateId: prevState.updateId + 1\n      });\n      var newState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _defaultState), keepFromPrevState), updatesToState);\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, newState), updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, newState), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevData: data,\n        prevWidth: width,\n        prevHeight: height,\n        prevLayout: layout,\n        prevStackOffset: stackOffset,\n        prevMargin: margin,\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    if (!isChildrenEqual(children, prevState.prevChildren)) {\n      // update configuration in chilren\n      var hasGlobalData = !_isNil(data);\n      var newUpdateId = hasGlobalData ? prevState.updateId : prevState.updateId + 1;\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        updateId: newUpdateId\n      }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, prevState), {}, {\n        updateId: newUpdateId\n      }), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    return null;\n  }, _class.renderActiveDot = function (option, props) {\n    var dot;\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(option)) {\n      dot = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(option, props);\n    } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n      dot = option(props);\n    } else {\n      dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Dot, props);\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n      className: \"recharts-active-dot\",\n      key: props.key\n    }, dot);\n  }, _temp;\n};","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Render a group of error bar\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport function ErrorBar(props) {\n  var offset = props.offset,\n    layout = props.layout,\n    width = props.width,\n    dataKey = props.dataKey,\n    data = props.data,\n    dataPointFormatter = props.dataPointFormatter,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"offset\", \"layout\", \"width\", \"dataKey\", \"data\", \"dataPointFormatter\", \"xAxis\", \"yAxis\"]);\n  var svgProps = filterProps(others);\n  var errorBars = data.map(function (entry, i) {\n    var _dataPointFormatter = dataPointFormatter(entry, dataKey),\n      x = _dataPointFormatter.x,\n      y = _dataPointFormatter.y,\n      value = _dataPointFormatter.value,\n      errorVal = _dataPointFormatter.errorVal;\n    if (!errorVal) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var lineCoordinates = [];\n    var lowBound, highBound;\n    if (Array.isArray(errorVal)) {\n      var _errorVal = _slicedToArray(errorVal, 2);\n      lowBound = _errorVal[0];\n      highBound = _errorVal[1];\n    } else {\n      lowBound = highBound = errorVal;\n    }\n    if (layout === 'vertical') {\n      // error bar for horizontal charts, the y is fixed, x is a range value\n      var scale = xAxis.scale;\n      var yMid = y + offset;\n      var yMin = yMid + width;\n      var yMax = yMid - width;\n      var xMin = scale(value - lowBound);\n      var xMax = scale(value + highBound); // the right line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMax,\n        y1: yMin,\n        x2: xMax,\n        y2: yMax\n      }); // the middle line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMin,\n        y1: yMid,\n        x2: xMax,\n        y2: yMid\n      }); // the left line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMin,\n        y1: yMin,\n        x2: xMin,\n        y2: yMax\n      });\n    } else if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      // error bar for horizontal charts, the x is fixed, y is a range value\n      var _scale = yAxis.scale;\n      var xMid = x + offset;\n      var _xMin = xMid - width;\n      var _xMax = xMid + width;\n      var _yMin = _scale(value - lowBound);\n      var _yMax = _scale(value + highBound); // the top line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: _xMin,\n        y1: _yMax,\n        x2: _xMax,\n        y2: _yMax\n      }); // the middle line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMid,\n        y1: _yMin,\n        x2: xMid,\n        y2: _yMax\n      }); // the bottom line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: _xMin,\n        y1: _yMin,\n        x2: _xMax,\n        y2: _yMin\n      });\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/(\n      // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n      React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n        className: \"recharts-errorBar\",\n        key: \"bar-\".concat(i)\n      }, svgProps), lineCoordinates.map(function (coordinates, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n          React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, coordinates, {\n            key: \"line-\".concat(index)\n          }))\n        );\n      }))\n    );\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: \"recharts-errorBars\"\n  }, errorBars);\n}\nErrorBar.defaultProps = {\n  stroke: 'black',\n  strokeWidth: 1.5,\n  width: 5,\n  offset: 0,\n  layout: 'horizontal'\n};\nErrorBar.displayName = 'ErrorBar';","/**\n * @fileOverview Cross\n */\nexport var Cell = function Cell(_props) {\n  return null;\n};\nCell.displayName = 'Cell';","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _last from \"lodash/last\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React, { cloneElement } from 'react';\nimport { Label } from './Label';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { getValueByDataKey } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar defaultProps = {\n  valueAccessor: function valueAccessor(entry) {\n    return _isArray(entry.value) ? _last(entry.value) : entry.value;\n  }\n};\nexport function LabelList(props) {\n  var data = props.data,\n    valueAccessor = props.valueAccessor,\n    dataKey = props.dataKey,\n    clockWise = props.clockWise,\n    id = props.id,\n    textBreakAll = props.textBreakAll,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"data\", \"valueAccessor\", \"dataKey\", \"clockWise\", \"id\", \"textBreakAll\"]);\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: \"recharts-label-list\"\n  }, data.map(function (entry, index) {\n    var value = _isNil(dataKey) ? valueAccessor(entry, index) : getValueByDataKey(entry && entry.payload, dataKey);\n    var idProps = _isNil(id) ? {} : {\n      id: \"\".concat(id, \"-\").concat(index)\n    };\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, _extends({}, filterProps(entry, true), others, idProps, {\n      parentViewBox: entry.parentViewBox,\n      index: index,\n      value: value,\n      textBreakAll: textBreakAll,\n      viewBox: Label.parseViewBox(_isNil(clockWise) ? entry : _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n        clockWise: clockWise\n      })),\n      key: \"label-\".concat(index) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n    }));\n  }));\n}\n\nLabelList.displayName = 'LabelList';\nfunction parseLabelList(label, data) {\n  if (!label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (label === true) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\",\n      data: data\n    });\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(label) || _isFunction(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\",\n      data: data,\n      content: label\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isObject(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, _extends({\n      data: data\n    }, label, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nfunction renderCallByParent(parentProps, data) {\n  var ckeckPropsLabel = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  if (!parentProps || !parentProps.children && ckeckPropsLabel && !parentProps.label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var children = parentProps.children;\n  var explicitChilren = findAllByType(children, LabelList.displayName).map(function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(child, {\n      data: data,\n      key: \"labelList-\".concat(index)\n    });\n  });\n  if (!ckeckPropsLabel) {\n    return explicitChilren;\n  }\n  var implicitLabelList = parseLabelList(parentProps.label, data);\n  return [implicitLabelList].concat(_toConsumableArray(explicitChilren));\n}\nLabelList.renderCallByParent = renderCallByParent;\nLabelList.defaultProps = defaultProps;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isEqual from \"lodash/isEqual\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Render a group of bar\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport Animate from 'react-smooth';\nimport { Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { ErrorBar } from './ErrorBar';\nimport { Cell } from '../component/Cell';\nimport { LabelList } from '../component/LabelList';\nimport { uniqueId, mathSign, interpolateNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { getCateCoordinateOfBar, getValueByDataKey, truncateByDomain, getBaseValueOfBar, findPositionOfBar, getTooltipItem } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nexport var Bar = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Bar, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Bar);\n  function Bar() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Bar);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      isAnimationFinished: false\n    };\n    _this.id = uniqueId('recharts-bar-');\n    _this.handleAnimationEnd = function () {\n      var onAnimationEnd = _this.props.onAnimationEnd;\n      _this.setState({\n        isAnimationFinished: true\n      });\n      if (onAnimationEnd) {\n        onAnimationEnd();\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleAnimationStart = function () {\n      var onAnimationStart = _this.props.onAnimationStart;\n      _this.setState({\n        isAnimationFinished: false\n      });\n      if (onAnimationStart) {\n        onAnimationStart();\n      }\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Bar, [{\n    key: \"renderRectanglesStatically\",\n    value: function renderRectanglesStatically(data) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var shape = this.props.shape;\n      var baseProps = filterProps(this.props);\n      return data && data.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, baseProps), entry), {}, {\n          index: i\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n          className: \"recharts-bar-rectangle\"\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this2.props, entry, i), {\n          key: \"rectangle-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }), Bar.renderRectangle(shape, props));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectanglesWithAnimation\",\n    value: function renderRectanglesWithAnimation() {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        data = _this$props.data,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props.isAnimationActive,\n        animationBegin = _this$props.animationBegin,\n        animationDuration = _this$props.animationDuration,\n        animationEasing = _this$props.animationEasing,\n        animationId = _this$props.animationId;\n      var prevData = this.state.prevData;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n        begin: animationBegin,\n        duration: animationDuration,\n        isActive: isAnimationActive,\n        easing: animationEasing,\n        from: {\n          t: 0\n        },\n        to: {\n          t: 1\n        },\n        key: \"bar-\".concat(animationId),\n        onAnimationEnd: this.handleAnimationEnd,\n        onAnimationStart: this.handleAnimationStart\n      }, function (_ref) {\n        var t = _ref.t;\n        var stepData = data.map(function (entry, index) {\n          var prev = prevData && prevData[index];\n          if (prev) {\n            var interpolatorX = interpolateNumber(prev.x, entry.x);\n            var interpolatorY = interpolateNumber(prev.y, entry.y);\n            var interpolatorWidth = interpolateNumber(prev.width, entry.width);\n            var interpolatorHeight = interpolateNumber(prev.height, entry.height);\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n              x: interpolatorX(t),\n              y: interpolatorY(t),\n              width: interpolatorWidth(t),\n              height: interpolatorHeight(t)\n            });\n          }\n          if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n            var _interpolatorHeight = interpolateNumber(0, entry.height);\n            var h = _interpolatorHeight(t);\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n              y: entry.y + entry.height - h,\n              height: h\n            });\n          }\n          var interpolator = interpolateNumber(0, entry.width);\n          var w = interpolator(t);\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            width: w\n          });\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, null, _this3.renderRectanglesStatically(stepData));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectangles\",\n    value: function renderRectangles() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props2.data,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive;\n      var prevData = this.state.prevData;\n      if (isAnimationActive && data && data.length && (!prevData || !_isEqual(prevData, data))) {\n        return this.renderRectanglesWithAnimation();\n      }\n      return this.renderRectanglesStatically(data);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderBackground\",\n    value: function renderBackground() {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var data = this.props.data;\n      var backgroundProps = filterProps(this.props.background);\n      return data.map(function (entry, i) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars\n        var value = entry.value,\n          background = entry.background,\n          rest = _objectWithoutProperties(entry, [\"value\", \"background\"]);\n        if (!background) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rest), {}, {\n          fill: '#eee'\n        }, background), backgroundProps), adaptEventsOfChild(_this4.props, entry, i)), {}, {\n          index: i,\n          key: \"background-bar-\".concat(i),\n          className: 'recharts-bar-background-rectangle'\n        });\n        return Bar.renderRectangle(_this4.props.background, props);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderErrorBar\",\n    value: function renderErrorBar() {\n      if (this.props.isAnimationActive && !this.state.isAnimationFinished) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props3.data,\n        xAxis = _this$props3.xAxis,\n        yAxis = _this$props3.yAxis,\n        layout = _this$props3.layout,\n        children = _this$props3.children;\n      var errorBarItems = findAllByType(children, ErrorBar.displayName);\n      if (!errorBarItems) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var offset = layout === 'vertical' ? data[0].height / 2 : data[0].width / 2;\n      function dataPointFormatter(dataPoint, dataKey) {\n        return {\n          x: dataPoint.x,\n          y: dataPoint.y,\n          value: dataPoint.value,\n          errorVal: getValueByDataKey(dataPoint, dataKey)\n        };\n      }\n      return errorBarItems.map(function (item, i) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(item, {\n          key: \"error-bar-\".concat(i),\n          // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n          data: data,\n          xAxis: xAxis,\n          yAxis: yAxis,\n          layout: layout,\n          offset: offset,\n          dataPointFormatter: dataPointFormatter\n        });\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        hide = _this$props4.hide,\n        data = _this$props4.data,\n        className = _this$props4.className,\n        xAxis = _this$props4.xAxis,\n        yAxis = _this$props4.yAxis,\n        left = _this$props4.left,\n        top = _this$props4.top,\n        width = _this$props4.width,\n        height = _this$props4.height,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props4.isAnimationActive,\n        background = _this$props4.background,\n        id = _this$props4.id;\n      if (hide || !data || !data.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var isAnimationFinished = this.state.isAnimationFinished;\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-bar', className);\n      var needClip = xAxis && xAxis.allowDataOverflow || yAxis && yAxis.allowDataOverflow;\n      var clipPathId = _isNil(id) ? this.id : id;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: layerClass\n      }, needClip ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"clipPath\", {\n        id: \"clipPath-\".concat(clipPathId)\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        x: left,\n        y: top,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      }))) : null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-bar-rectangles\",\n        clipPath: needClip ? \"url(#clipPath-\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : null\n      }, background ? this.renderBackground() : null, this.renderRectangles()), this.renderErrorBar(), (!isAnimationActive || isAnimationFinished) && LabelList.renderCallByParent(this.props, data));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      if (nextProps.animationId !== prevState.prevAnimationId) {\n        return {\n          prevAnimationId: nextProps.animationId,\n          curData: nextProps.data,\n          prevData: prevState.curData\n        };\n      }\n      if (nextProps.data !== prevState.curData) {\n        return {\n          curData: nextProps.data\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectangle\",\n    value: function renderRectangle(option, props) {\n      var rectangle;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        rectangle = option(props);\n      } else {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Rectangle, props);\n      }\n      return rectangle;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Bar;\n}(PureComponent);\nBar.displayName = 'Bar';\nBar.defaultProps = {\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  legendType: 'rect',\n  minPointSize: 0,\n  hide: false,\n  // data of bar\n  data: [],\n  layout: 'vertical',\n  isAnimationActive: !Global.isSsr,\n  animationBegin: 0,\n  animationDuration: 400,\n  animationEasing: 'ease'\n};\nBar.getComposedData = function (_ref2) {\n  var props = _ref2.props,\n    item = _ref2.item,\n    barPosition = _ref2.barPosition,\n    bandSize = _ref2.bandSize,\n    xAxis = _ref2.xAxis,\n    yAxis = _ref2.yAxis,\n    xAxisTicks = _ref2.xAxisTicks,\n    yAxisTicks = _ref2.yAxisTicks,\n    stackedData = _ref2.stackedData,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref2.dataStartIndex,\n    displayedData = _ref2.displayedData,\n    offset = _ref2.offset;\n  var pos = findPositionOfBar(barPosition, item);\n  if (!pos) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var layout = props.layout;\n  var _item$props = item.props,\n    dataKey = _item$props.dataKey,\n    children = _item$props.children,\n    minPointSize = _item$props.minPointSize;\n  var numericAxis = layout === 'horizontal' ? yAxis : xAxis;\n  var stackedDomain = stackedData ? numericAxis.scale.domain() : null;\n  var baseValue = getBaseValueOfBar({\n    numericAxis: numericAxis\n  });\n  var cells = findAllByType(children, Cell.displayName);\n  var rects = displayedData.map(function (entry, index) {\n    var value, x, y, width, height, background;\n    if (stackedData) {\n      value = truncateByDomain(stackedData[dataStartIndex + index], stackedDomain);\n    } else {\n      value = getValueByDataKey(entry, dataKey);\n      if (!_isArray(value)) {\n        value = [baseValue, value];\n      }\n    }\n    if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      x = getCateCoordinateOfBar({\n        axis: xAxis,\n        ticks: xAxisTicks,\n        bandSize: bandSize,\n        offset: pos.offset,\n        entry: entry,\n        index: index\n      });\n      y = yAxis.scale(value[1]);\n      width = pos.size;\n      height = yAxis.scale(value[0]) - yAxis.scale(value[1]);\n      background = {\n        x: x,\n        y: yAxis.y,\n        width: width,\n        height: yAxis.height\n      };\n      if (Math.abs(minPointSize) > 0 && Math.abs(height) < Math.abs(minPointSize)) {\n        var delta = mathSign(height || minPointSize) * (Math.abs(minPointSize) - Math.abs(height));\n        y -= delta;\n        height += delta;\n      }\n    } else {\n      x = xAxis.scale(value[0]);\n      y = getCateCoordinateOfBar({\n        axis: yAxis,\n        ticks: yAxisTicks,\n        bandSize: bandSize,\n        offset: pos.offset,\n        entry: entry,\n        index: index\n      });\n      width = xAxis.scale(value[1]) - xAxis.scale(value[0]);\n      height = pos.size;\n      background = {\n        x: xAxis.x,\n        y: y,\n        width: xAxis.width,\n        height: height\n      };\n      if (Math.abs(minPointSize) > 0 && Math.abs(width) < Math.abs(minPointSize)) {\n        var _delta = mathSign(width || minPointSize) * (Math.abs(minPointSize) - Math.abs(width));\n        width += _delta;\n      }\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      width: width,\n      height: height,\n      value: stackedData ? value : value[1],\n      payload: entry,\n      background: background\n    }, cells && cells[index] && cells[index].props), {}, {\n      tooltipPayload: [getTooltipItem(item, entry)],\n      tooltipPosition: {\n        x: x + width / 2,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }\n    });\n  });\n  return _objectSpread({\n    data: rects,\n    layout: layout\n  }, offset);\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview X Axis\n */\n\n/** Define of XAxis props */\nexport var XAxis = function XAxis() {\n  return null;\n};\nXAxis.displayName = 'XAxis';\nXAxis.defaultProps = {\n  allowDecimals: true,\n  hide: false,\n  orientation: 'bottom',\n  width: 0,\n  height: 30,\n  mirror: false,\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  tickCount: 5,\n  type: 'category',\n  domain: [0, 'auto'],\n  padding: {\n    left: 0,\n    right: 0\n  },\n  allowDataOverflow: false,\n  scale: 'auto',\n  reversed: false,\n  allowDuplicatedCategory: true\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview Y Axis\n */\nexport var YAxis = function YAxis() {\n  return null;\n};\nYAxis.displayName = 'YAxis';\nYAxis.defaultProps = {\n  allowDuplicatedCategory: true,\n  allowDecimals: true,\n  hide: false,\n  orientation: 'left',\n  width: 60,\n  height: 0,\n  mirror: false,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  tickCount: 5,\n  type: 'number',\n  domain: [0, 'auto'],\n  padding: {\n    top: 0,\n    bottom: 0\n  },\n  allowDataOverflow: false,\n  scale: 'auto',\n  reversed: false\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview Bar Chart\n */\nimport { generateCategoricalChart } from './generateCategoricalChart';\nimport { Bar } from '../cartesian/Bar';\nimport { XAxis } from '../cartesian/XAxis';\nimport { YAxis } from '../cartesian/YAxis';\nimport { formatAxisMap } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nexport var BarChart = generateCategoricalChart({\n  chartName: 'BarChart',\n  GraphicalChild: Bar,\n  defaultTooltipEventType: 'axis',\n  validateTooltipEventTypes: ['axis', 'item'],\n  axisComponents: [{\n    axisType: 'xAxis',\n    AxisComp: XAxis\n  }, {\n    axisType: 'yAxis',\n    AxisComp: YAxis\n  }],\n  formatAxisMap: formatAxisMap\n});","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst StyledTooltip = styled.div`\n  background: white;\n  border-radius: 0.25rem;\n  padding: 0.5rem;\n  p {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n    font-size: 0.9rem;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    p {\n      font-size: 0.75rem;\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst CustomTooltip = (props) => {\n  if (!props.active) {\n    return null\n  }\n\n  return (\n    <StyledTooltip>\n      <p>\n        {props.t(\"gotPoints\")}: {props.payload?.[0].payload.n_points}\n      </p>\n      <p>\n        {props.t(\"maxPoints\")}: {props.payload?.[0].payload.max_points}\n      </p>\n    </StyledTooltip>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(CustomTooltip),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, LabelList, Tooltip } from \"recharts\"\nimport { improveGroupName } from \"../../util/strings\"\nimport CustomTooltip from \"./CustomTooltip\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst PartProgressContainer = styled.div`\n  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n`\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst SmallP = styled.p`\n  font-size: 0.8rem;\n`\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst LargeP = styled.p`\n  font-size: 1rem;\n`\n\nconst StyledBarChart = styled(BarChart)`\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    font-size: 0.75rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst CustomLabel = ({ x, y, stroke, value }) => {\n  return (\n    <text\n      x={x}\n      y={y}\n      dy={23}\n      dx={value < 15 ? 12 : value}\n      fill={stroke}\n      fontSize={10}\n      textAnchor=\"middle\"\n    >\n      {value}%\n    </text>\n  )\n}\n\nconst PartProgress = ({ name, data, appliesForStudyRight, t }) => {\n  var BAR_CHART_WIDTH = 375\n  var BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH = 152\n\n  if (window.innerWidth < SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT.slice(0, -2)) {\n    BAR_CHART_WIDTH = 300\n    BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH = 110\n  }\n\n  const allChartData = Object.entries(data).map(([tool, data]) => {\n    return {\n      tool,\n      progress: Math.floor(data.progress * 100 + 0.000000001),\n      n_points: data.n_points,\n      max_points: data.max_points,\n    }\n  })\n  let nPointsSum = 0\n  let maxPointsSum = 0\n\n  Object.entries(data).forEach(([_tool, data]) => {\n    nPointsSum += data.n_points\n    maxPointsSum += data.max_points\n  })\n  let totalProgress = Math.floor((nPointsSum / maxPointsSum) * 100) / 100\n  let totalPointsHeader = t(\"totalPoints\")\n  allChartData.push({\n    tool: totalPointsHeader,\n    progress: Math.floor(totalProgress * 100 + 0.000000001),\n    n_points: nPointsSum,\n    max_points: maxPointsSum,\n  })\n  return (\n    <PartProgressContainer>\n      <b>{improveGroupName(name)}</b>\n      <div>\n        <StyledBarChart\n          layout=\"vertical\"\n          width={BAR_CHART_WIDTH}\n          height={60 * allChartData.length}\n          data={allChartData}\n        >\n          <Tooltip content={<CustomTooltip />} />\n          <XAxis domain={[0, 100]} dataKey=\"progress\" type=\"number\" />\n          <YAxis\n            width={BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH}\n            type=\"category\"\n            dataKey=\"tool\"\n          />\n          <Bar dataKey=\"progress\" fill=\"#f1a9a0\">\n            <LabelList\n              content={CustomLabel}\n              dataKey=\"progress\"\n              position=\"middle\"\n            />\n          </Bar>\n        </StyledBarChart>\n        {/* <SmallP>\n          {t(\"canApplyForStudyRight\")}{\" \"}\n          {\n            allChartData.find((o) => o.tool === t(\"programmingService\"))\n              ?.progress\n          }\n          %.\n        </SmallP> */}\n        {/* {CourseSettings.studyRightEnabled &&\n          appliesForStudyRight &&\n          (getCourseVariant() === \"nodl\" ? (\n            <SmallP>{t(\"noTimelimit\")}</SmallP>\n          ) : (\n            <SmallP>\n              {t(\"canApplyForStudyRight\")}{\" \"}\n              {\n                allChartData.find((o) => o.tool === t(\"programmingService\"))\n                  ?.progress\n              }\n              %.\n            </SmallP>\n          ))} */}\n      </div>\n    </PartProgressContainer>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(PartProgress),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport PartProgress from \"./PartProgress\"\n\nconst splitCourses = false\nconst CourseProgress = ({\n  data,\n  appliesForStudyRight,\n  currentCourseVariant,\n}) => {\n  return (\n    data &&\n    (currentCourseVariant === \"ohja-dl\" ||\n    currentCourseVariant === \"ohja-nodl\" ? (\n      <div>\n        <h4>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</h4>\n        {Object.entries(data).map(([name, data]) => {\n          return (\n            <PartProgress\n              appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n              name={name}\n              data={data}\n            />\n          )\n        })}\n      </div>\n    ) : (\n      <div>\n        {splitCourses && <h4>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</h4>}\n        {Object.entries(data).map(([name, data]) => {\n          if (name === \"osa08\" && splitCourses) {\n            return (\n              <div>\n                <h4>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</h4>\n                <PartProgress\n                  appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n                  name={name}\n                  data={data}\n                />\n              </div>\n            )\n          } else {\n            return (\n              <PartProgress\n                appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n                name={name}\n                data={data}\n              />\n            )\n          }\n        })}\n      </div>\n    ))\n  )\n}\n\nexport default CourseProgress\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport { Modal, Paper, Button } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport Loading from \"../Loading\"\nimport { fetchProgress } from \"../../services/progress\"\nimport { getCachedUserDetails } from \"../../services/moocfi\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport CourseProgress from \"./CourseProgress\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst StyledModal = styled(Modal)`\n  z-index: 500 !important;\n`\n\nconst ModalContent = styled(Paper)`\n  padding: 2rem;\n  padding-top: 1rem;\n  background-color: white;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 450px;\n  height: 700px;\n  max-height: 90vh;\n  overflow-y: scroll;\n  position: fixed;\n  right: 1.5rem;\n  bottom: 1.5rem;\n  z-index: 200 !important;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    right: 0rem;\n    bottom: 0rem;\n    border-bottom-left-radius: 0 !important;\n    border-bottom-right-radius: 0 !important;\n    padding: 1rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst ModalControls = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n`\n\nconst Title = styled.h1`\n  font-size: 1.5rem;\n`\n\nclass PointsBalloonContent extends React.Component {\n  state = {\n    render: false,\n    data: null,\n    error: null,\n    appliesForStudyRight: null,\n    currentCourseVariant: null,\n  }\n\n  async componentDidMount() {\n    this.setState({ render: true })\n    try {\n      let data = await fetchProgress(this.props.t)\n      let userDetails = await getCachedUserDetails()\n      const appliesForStudyRight =\n        userDetails?.extra_fields?.applies_for_study_right === \"t\"\n      const currentCourseVariant = userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant\n      this.setState({ data, appliesForStudyRight, currentCourseVariant })\n    } catch (e) {\n      this.setState({ error: e.toString() })\n    }\n  }\n\n  handleClose = () => {\n    this.setState({\n      data: null,\n      error: null,\n    })\n    this.props.handleClose()\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <StyledModal\n        hideBackdrop={false}\n        onClose={this.props.handleClose}\n        open={this.props.open}\n      >\n        <ModalContent>\n          <ModalControls>\n            <Title>{this.props.t(\"progress\")}</Title>\n            <Button onClick={this.handleClose}>{this.props.t(\"close\")}</Button>\n          </ModalControls>\n          <Loading loading={!this.state.data && !this.state.error}>\n            <Fragment>\n              {this.state.error ? (\n                <div>\n                  {this.props.t(\"error\")} {this.state.error}\n                </div>\n              ) : (\n                <div>\n                  <CourseProgress\n                    data={this.state.data}\n                    appliesForStudyRight={this.state.appliesForStudyRight}\n                    currentCourseVariant={this.state.currentCourseVariant}\n                  />\n                </div>\n              )}\n            </Fragment>\n          </Loading>\n        </ModalContent>\n      </StyledModal>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloonContent),\n)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport LoginStateContext from \"../../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport PointsBalloonBalloon from \"./PointsBalloonBalloon\"\nimport PointsBalloonContent from \"./PointsBalloonContent\"\n\nconst PointsBalloonContainer = styled.div`\n  position: fixed;\n  right: 1.5rem;\n  bottom: 1.5rem;\n  z-index: 50;\n`\n\nclass PointsBalloon extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  state = {\n    render: false,\n    open: false,\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    this.setState({ render: true })\n  }\n\n  onClick = () => {\n    this.setState({ open: true })\n  }\n\n  onClose = () => {\n    this.setState({ open: false })\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    if (!this.state.render || !this.context.loggedIn) {\n      return <Fragment />\n    }\n    return (\n      <PointsBalloonContainer>\n        {!this.state.open && <PointsBalloonBalloon onClick={this.onClick} />}\n        {this.state.open && (\n          <PointsBalloonContent\n            open={this.state.open}\n            handleClose={this.onClose}\n          />\n        )}\n      </PointsBalloonContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloon)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport \"../i18n\"\nimport Helmet from \"react-helmet\"\nimport Sidebar from \"../components/Sidebar\"\nimport ContentArea from \"../components/ContentArea\"\nimport TopBar from \"../components/TopBar\"\nimport { StaticQuery, graphql } from \"gatsby\"\n// import Pheromones from \"../util/pheromones\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport courseMetaData from \"../../course-metadata.json\"\nimport \"./reboot.css\"\nimport \"./theme.css\"\nimport \"./remark.css\"\nimport \"focus-visible\"\nimport \"typeface-open-sans\"\nimport \"typeface-roboto-slab\"\nimport \"typeface-roboto-mono\"\nimport \"@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core/styles.css\"\n\nimport { config as fontAwesomeConfig } from \"@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core\"\nimport Footer from \"../components/Footer\"\nimport PointsBalloon from \"../components/PointsBalloon\"\nimport {\n  MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT,\n  SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT,\n} from \"../util/constants\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nfontAwesomeConfig.autoAddCss = false\n\nconst layoutQuery = graphql`\n  query {\n    title: site {\n      siteMetadata {\n        title\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst Wrapper = styled.div`\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n    height: 100vh;\n    overflow: hidden;\n  `}\n`\n\nconst SidebarPush = styled.div`\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: ${LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: ${MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: 0;\n  }\n`\n\nclass Layout extends React.Component {\n  state = {\n    mobileMenuOpen: false,\n  }\n\n  // componentDidMount() {\n  //   const user = store.get(\"tmc.user\")\n  //   if (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && user) {\n  //     if (canDoResearch()) {\n  //       setTimeout(() => {\n  //         this.removePheromones = Pheromones.init({\n  //           apiUrl: \"https://pheromones.mooc.fi/\",\n  //           username: user.username,\n  //           submitAfter: 20,\n  //         })\n  //       }, 1000)\n  //     }\n  //   }\n  // }\n\n  // componentWillUnmount() {\n  //   if (\n  //     typeof window === \"undefined\" ||\n  //     typeof this.removePheromones === \"undefined\"\n  //   ) {\n  //     return\n  //   }\n  //   this.removePheromones()\n  //   this.removePheromones = undefined\n  // }\n\n  toggleMobileMenu = () => {\n    this.setState((prev) => {\n      return {\n        mobileMenuOpen: !prev.mobileMenuOpen,\n      }\n    })\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    const { children } = this.props\n\n    return (\n      <Fragment>\n        {\" \"}\n        <StaticQuery\n          query={layoutQuery}\n          render={(data) => {\n            const siteTitle = data.title.siteMetadata.title\n            return (\n              <Wrapper mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}>\n                <Helmet\n                  defaultTitle={siteTitle}\n                  titleTemplate={`%s - ${siteTitle}`}\n                  meta={[\n                    {\n                      name: \"description\",\n                      content:\n                        \"Helsingin yliopiston kaikille avoin ja ilmainen ohjelmoinnin perusteet opettava verkkokurssi. Kurssilla perehdytään nykyaikaisen ohjelmoinnin perusideoihin sekä ohjelmoinnissa käytettävien työvälineiden lisäksi algoritmien laatimiseen. Kurssille osallistuminen ei vaadi ennakkotietoja ohjelmoinnista.\",\n                    },\n                    {\n                      name: \"keywords\",\n                      content:\n                        \"ohjelmointi, java, programming, CS1, MOOC, 2019, ohjelmointikurssi, avoin, ilmainen, helsingin yliopisto\",\n                    },\n                  ]}\n                />\n                <Sidebar\n                  mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}\n                  toggleMobileMenu={this.toggleMobileMenu}\n                />\n                <SidebarPush>\n                  <TopBar />\n                  <ContentArea mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}>\n                    {children}\n                  </ContentArea>\n                  <PointsBalloon />\n                  <Footer />\n                </SidebarPush>\n              </Wrapper>\n            )\n          }}\n        />\n        <script\n          type=\"application/ld+json\"\n          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(courseMetaData) }}\n        />\n      </Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Layout)\n","export function nthIndex(str, pat, n) {\n  var L = str.length,\n    i = -1\n  while (n-- && i++ < L) {\n    i = str.indexOf(pat, i)\n    if (i < 0) break\n  }\n  return i\n}\n\nexport function extractPartNumberFromPath(string) {\n  // Assumes path is formatted /part-[num] or /part-[num]/...\n  const subpartSeperator = nthIndex(string, \"/\", 2)\n  if (subpartSeperator !== -1) {\n    string = string.substring(0, subpartSeperator)\n  }\n  return parseInt(string.substring(string.indexOf(\"-\") + 1))\n}\n\nexport function extractSubpartNumberFromPath(string) {\n  // Assumes path is formatted /part-[num]/[num]-...\n  return parseInt(\n    string.substring(nthIndex(string, \"/\", 2) + 1, nthIndex(string, \"-\", 2)),\n  )\n}\n\nexport function capitalizeFirstLetter(string) {\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1)\n}\n\nexport function removeLeadingZeros(string) {\n  return string.replace(/^0+/, \"\")\n}\n\nexport function splitGroupNameToWordAndNumber(string) {\n  return string.split(/(\\d+)/)\n}\n\nexport function improveGroupName(string) {\n  var stringParts = splitGroupNameToWordAndNumber(string)\n  return (\n    capitalizeFirstLetter(stringParts[0]) +\n    \" \" +\n    removeLeadingZeros(stringParts[1])\n  )\n}\n\nexport function normalizeExerciseId(string) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(\n    string\n      .toLowerCase()\n      .replace(/ö/g, \"o\")\n      .replace(/Ö/g, \"O\")\n      .replace(/ä/g, \"a\")\n      .replace(/Ä/g, \"A\")\n      .replace(/\\s+/g, \"-\")\n      .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/g, \"\")\n      .replace(/-+/g, \"-\"),\n  )\n}\n","import React from \"react\"\n\nexport default function withSimpleErrorBoundary(Component) {\n  class SimpleErrorBoundary extends React.Component {\n    state = {\n      error: null,\n    }\n\n    static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {\n      return { error: error.toString() }\n    }\n\n    componentDidCatch(error, info) {\n      console.error(error, info)\n    }\n\n    render() {\n      if (this.state.error) {\n        return (\n          <div>\n            Ohjelman osa kaatui:\n            <pre>{this.state.error}</pre>\n          </div>\n        )\n      }\n\n      return <Component {...this.props} />\n    }\n  }\n  return SimpleErrorBoundary\n}\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar DataView = getNative(root, 'DataView');\n\nmodule.exports = DataView;\n","var hashClear = require('./_hashClear'),\n    hashDelete = require('./_hashDelete'),\n    hashGet = require('./_hashGet'),\n    hashHas = require('./_hashHas'),\n    hashSet = require('./_hashSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a hash object.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction Hash(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `Hash`.\nHash.prototype.clear = hashClear;\nHash.prototype['delete'] = hashDelete;\nHash.prototype.get = hashGet;\nHash.prototype.has = hashHas;\nHash.prototype.set = hashSet;\n\nmodule.exports = Hash;\n","var listCacheClear = require('./_listCacheClear'),\n    listCacheDelete = require('./_listCacheDelete'),\n    listCacheGet = require('./_listCacheGet'),\n    listCacheHas = require('./_listCacheHas'),\n    listCacheSet = require('./_listCacheSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates an list cache object.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction ListCache(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `ListCache`.\nListCache.prototype.clear = listCacheClear;\nListCache.prototype['delete'] = listCacheDelete;\nListCache.prototype.get = listCacheGet;\nListCache.prototype.has = listCacheHas;\nListCache.prototype.set = listCacheSet;\n\nmodule.exports = ListCache;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Map = getNative(root, 'Map');\n\nmodule.exports = Map;\n","var mapCacheClear = require('./_mapCacheClear'),\n    mapCacheDelete = require('./_mapCacheDelete'),\n    mapCacheGet = require('./_mapCacheGet'),\n    mapCacheHas = require('./_mapCacheHas'),\n    mapCacheSet = require('./_mapCacheSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction MapCache(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `MapCache`.\nMapCache.prototype.clear = mapCacheClear;\nMapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapCacheDelete;\nMapCache.prototype.get = mapCacheGet;\nMapCache.prototype.has = mapCacheHas;\nMapCache.prototype.set = mapCacheSet;\n\nmodule.exports = MapCache;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Promise = getNative(root, 'Promise');\n\nmodule.exports = Promise;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Set = getNative(root, 'Set');\n\nmodule.exports = Set;\n","var MapCache = require('./_MapCache'),\n    setCacheAdd = require('./_setCacheAdd'),\n    setCacheHas = require('./_setCacheHas');\n\n/**\n *\n * Creates an array cache object to store unique values.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.\n */\nfunction SetCache(values) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = values == null ? 0 : values.length;\n\n  this.__data__ = new MapCache;\n  while (++index < length) {\n    this.add(values[index]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `SetCache`.\nSetCache.prototype.add = SetCache.prototype.push = setCacheAdd;\nSetCache.prototype.has = setCacheHas;\n\nmodule.exports = SetCache;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    stackClear = require('./_stackClear'),\n    stackDelete = require('./_stackDelete'),\n    stackGet = require('./_stackGet'),\n    stackHas = require('./_stackHas'),\n    stackSet = require('./_stackSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a stack cache object to store key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction Stack(entries) {\n  var data = this.__data__ = new ListCache(entries);\n  this.size = data.size;\n}\n\n// Add methods to `Stack`.\nStack.prototype.clear = stackClear;\nStack.prototype['delete'] = stackDelete;\nStack.prototype.get = stackGet;\nStack.prototype.has = stackHas;\nStack.prototype.set = stackSet;\n\nmodule.exports = Stack;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Symbol = root.Symbol;\n\nmodule.exports = Symbol;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Uint8Array = root.Uint8Array;\n\nmodule.exports = Uint8Array;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar WeakMap = getNative(root, 'WeakMap');\n\nmodule.exports = WeakMap;\n","/**\n * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`\n * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.\n * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.\n * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.\n * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.\n */\nfunction apply(func, thisArg, args) {\n  switch (args.length) {\n    case 0: return func.call(thisArg);\n    case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);\n    case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);\n    case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n  }\n  return func.apply(thisArg, args);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = apply;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for\n * iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayEvery(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayEvery;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for\n * iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.\n */\nfunction arrayFilter(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length,\n      resIndex = 0,\n      result = [];\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index];\n    if (predicate(value, index, array)) {\n      result[resIndex++] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayFilter;\n","var baseIndexOf = require('./_baseIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `_.includes` for arrays without support for\n * specifying an index to search from.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} target The value to search for.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayIncludes(array, value) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  return !!length && baseIndexOf(array, value, 0) > -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayIncludes;\n","/**\n * This function is like `arrayIncludes` except that it accepts a comparator.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} target The value to search for.\n * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayIncludesWith(array, value, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (comparator(value, array[index])) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayIncludesWith;\n","var baseTimes = require('./_baseTimes'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isBuffer = require('./isBuffer'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isTypedArray = require('./isTypedArray');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the enumerable property names of the array-like `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @param {boolean} inherited Specify returning inherited property names.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n */\nfunction arrayLikeKeys(value, inherited) {\n  var isArr = isArray(value),\n      isArg = !isArr && isArguments(value),\n      isBuff = !isArr && !isArg && isBuffer(value),\n      isType = !isArr && !isArg && !isBuff && isTypedArray(value),\n      skipIndexes = isArr || isArg || isBuff || isType,\n      result = skipIndexes ? baseTimes(value.length, String) : [],\n      length = result.length;\n\n  for (var key in value) {\n    if ((inherited || hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) &&\n        !(skipIndexes && (\n           // Safari 9 has enumerable `arguments.length` in strict mode.\n           key == 'length' ||\n           // Node.js 0.10 has enumerable non-index properties on buffers.\n           (isBuff && (key == 'offset' || key == 'parent')) ||\n           // PhantomJS 2 has enumerable non-index properties on typed arrays.\n           (isType && (key == 'buffer' || key == 'byteLength' || key == 'byteOffset')) ||\n           // Skip index properties.\n           isIndex(key, length)\n        ))) {\n      result.push(key);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayLikeKeys;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee\n * shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n */\nfunction arrayMap(array, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length,\n      result = Array(length);\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayMap;\n","/**\n * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to modify.\n * @param {Array} values The values to append.\n * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.\n */\nfunction arrayPush(array, values) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = values.length,\n      offset = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    array[offset + index] = values[index];\n  }\n  return array;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayPush;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for iteratee\n * shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction arraySome(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arraySome;\n","/**\n * Converts an ASCII `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction asciiToArray(string) {\n  return string.split('');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = asciiToArray;\n","var eq = require('./eq');\n\n/**\n * Gets the index at which the `key` is found in `array` of key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} key The key to search for.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction assocIndexOf(array, key) {\n  var length = array.length;\n  while (length--) {\n    if (eq(array[length][0], key)) {\n      return length;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = assocIndexOf;\n","var defineProperty = require('./_defineProperty');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `assignValue` and `assignMergeValue` without\n * value checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to modify.\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.\n * @param {*} value The value to assign.\n */\nfunction baseAssignValue(object, key, value) {\n  if (key == '__proto__' && defineProperty) {\n    defineProperty(object, key, {\n      'configurable': true,\n      'enumerable': true,\n      'value': value,\n      'writable': true\n    });\n  } else {\n    object[key] = value;\n  }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseAssignValue;\n","var baseForOwn = require('./_baseForOwn'),\n    createBaseEach = require('./_createBaseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.\n */\nvar baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);\n\nmodule.exports = baseEach;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`\n */\nfunction baseEvery(collection, predicate) {\n  var result = true;\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n    result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);\n    return result;\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseEvery;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of methods like `_.max` and `_.min` which accepts a\n * `comparator` to determine the extremum value.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per iteration.\n * @param {Function} comparator The comparator used to compare values.\n * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.\n */\nfunction baseExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index],\n        current = iteratee(value);\n\n    if (current != null && (computed === undefined\n          ? (current === current && !isSymbol(current))\n          : comparator(current, computed)\n        )) {\n      var computed = current,\n          result = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseExtremum;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without\n * support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex, fromRight) {\n  var length = array.length,\n      index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);\n\n  while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {\n    if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return index;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseFindIndex;\n","var arrayPush = require('./_arrayPush'),\n    isFlattenable = require('./_isFlattenable');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.\n * @param {number} depth The maximum recursion depth.\n * @param {boolean} [predicate=isFlattenable] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict to values that pass `predicate` checks.\n * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.\n */\nfunction baseFlatten(array, depth, predicate, isStrict, result) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  predicate || (predicate = isFlattenable);\n  result || (result = []);\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index];\n    if (depth > 0 && predicate(value)) {\n      if (depth > 1) {\n        // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).\n        baseFlatten(value, depth - 1, predicate, isStrict, result);\n      } else {\n        arrayPush(result, value);\n      }\n    } else if (!isStrict) {\n      result[result.length] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseFlatten;\n","var createBaseFor = require('./_createBaseFor');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`\n * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.\n * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n */\nvar baseFor = createBaseFor();\n\nmodule.exports = baseFor;\n","var baseFor = require('./_baseFor'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n */\nfunction baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {\n  return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseForOwn;\n","var castPath = require('./_castPath'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.\n */\nfunction baseGet(object, path) {\n  path = castPath(path, object);\n\n  var index = 0,\n      length = path.length;\n\n  while (object != null && index < length) {\n    object = object[toKey(path[index++])];\n  }\n  return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGet;\n","var arrayPush = require('./_arrayPush'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `getAllKeys` and `getAllKeysIn` which uses\n * `keysFunc` and `symbolsFunc` to get the enumerable property names and\n * symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.\n * @param {Function} symbolsFunc The function to get the symbols of `object`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.\n */\nfunction baseGetAllKeys(object, keysFunc, symbolsFunc) {\n  var result = keysFunc(object);\n  return isArray(object) ? result : arrayPush(result, symbolsFunc(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGetAllKeys;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    getRawTag = require('./_getRawTag'),\n    objectToString = require('./_objectToString');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar nullTag = '[object Null]',\n    undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]';\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.\n */\nfunction baseGetTag(value) {\n  if (value == null) {\n    return value === undefined ? undefinedTag : nullTag;\n  }\n  return (symToStringTag && symToStringTag in Object(value))\n    ? getRawTag(value)\n    : objectToString(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGetTag;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.gt` which doesn't coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseGt(value, other) {\n  return value > other;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGt;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.hasIn` without support for deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseHasIn(object, key) {\n  return object != null && key in Object(object);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseHasIn;\n","var baseFindIndex = require('./_baseFindIndex'),\n    baseIsNaN = require('./_baseIsNaN'),\n    strictIndexOf = require('./_strictIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n  return value === value\n    ? strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex)\n    : baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, fromIndex);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIndexOf;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]';\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isArguments`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,\n */\nfunction baseIsArguments(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == argsTag;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsArguments;\n","var baseIsEqualDeep = require('./_baseIsEqualDeep'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons\n * and tracks traversed objects.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @param {boolean} bitmask The bitmask flags.\n *  1 - Unordered comparison\n *  2 - Partial comparison\n * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsEqual(value, other, bitmask, customizer, stack) {\n  if (value === other) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (value == null || other == null || (!isObjectLike(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {\n    return value !== value && other !== other;\n  }\n  return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, bitmask, customizer, baseIsEqual, stack);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsEqual;\n","var Stack = require('./_Stack'),\n    equalArrays = require('./_equalArrays'),\n    equalByTag = require('./_equalByTag'),\n    equalObjects = require('./_equalObjects'),\n    getTag = require('./_getTag'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isBuffer = require('./isBuffer'),\n    isTypedArray = require('./isTypedArray');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1;\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]',\n    arrayTag = '[object Array]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]';\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs\n * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular\n * references to be compared.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var objIsArr = isArray(object),\n      othIsArr = isArray(other),\n      objTag = objIsArr ? arrayTag : getTag(object),\n      othTag = othIsArr ? arrayTag : getTag(other);\n\n  objTag = objTag == argsTag ? objectTag : objTag;\n  othTag = othTag == argsTag ? objectTag : othTag;\n\n  var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag,\n      othIsObj = othTag == objectTag,\n      isSameTag = objTag == othTag;\n\n  if (isSameTag && isBuffer(object)) {\n    if (!isBuffer(other)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    objIsArr = true;\n    objIsObj = false;\n  }\n  if (isSameTag && !objIsObj) {\n    stack || (stack = new Stack);\n    return (objIsArr || isTypedArray(object))\n      ? equalArrays(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack)\n      : equalByTag(object, other, objTag, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n  }\n  if (!(bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG)) {\n    var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),\n        othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');\n\n    if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {\n      var objUnwrapped = objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object,\n          othUnwrapped = othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other;\n\n      stack || (stack = new Stack);\n      return equalFunc(objUnwrapped, othUnwrapped, bitmask, customizer, stack);\n    }\n  }\n  if (!isSameTag) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  stack || (stack = new Stack);\n  return equalObjects(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsEqualDeep;\n","var Stack = require('./_Stack'),\n    baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.\n * @param {Array} matchData The property names, values, and compare flags to match.\n * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData, customizer) {\n  var index = matchData.length,\n      length = index,\n      noCustomizer = !customizer;\n\n  if (object == null) {\n    return !length;\n  }\n  object = Object(object);\n  while (index--) {\n    var data = matchData[index];\n    if ((noCustomizer && data[2])\n          ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]\n          : !(data[0] in object)\n        ) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  while (++index < length) {\n    data = matchData[index];\n    var key = data[0],\n        objValue = object[key],\n        srcValue = data[1];\n\n    if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {\n      if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    } else {\n      var stack = new Stack;\n      if (customizer) {\n        var result = customizer(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack);\n      }\n      if (!(result === undefined\n            ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG | COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG, customizer, stack)\n            : result\n          )) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsMatch;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isNaN` without support for number objects.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsNaN(value) {\n  return value !== value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsNaN;\n","var isFunction = require('./isFunction'),\n    isMasked = require('./_isMasked'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    toSource = require('./_toSource');\n\n/**\n * Used to match `RegExp`\n * [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-patterns).\n */\nvar reRegExpChar = /[\\\\^$.*+?()[\\]{}|]/g;\n\n/** Used to detect host constructors (Safari). */\nvar reIsHostCtor = /^\\[object .+?Constructor\\]$/;\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar funcProto = Function.prototype,\n    objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */\nvar funcToString = funcProto.toString;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/** Used to detect if a method is native. */\nvar reIsNative = RegExp('^' +\n  funcToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\\\$&')\n  .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'\n);\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isNative` without bad shim checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsNative(value) {\n  if (!isObject(value) || isMasked(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var pattern = isFunction(value) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor;\n  return pattern.test(toSource(value));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsNative;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]',\n    arrayTag = '[object Array]',\n    boolTag = '[object Boolean]',\n    dateTag = '[object Date]',\n    errorTag = '[object Error]',\n    funcTag = '[object Function]',\n    mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    numberTag = '[object Number]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]',\n    regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    stringTag = '[object String]',\n    weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';\n\nvar arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',\n    dataViewTag = '[object DataView]',\n    float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',\n    float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',\n    int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',\n    int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',\n    int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',\n    uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',\n    uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',\n    uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',\n    uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';\n\n/** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */\nvar typedArrayTags = {};\ntypedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;\ntypedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[dataViewTag] = typedArrayTags[dateTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[errorTag] = typedArrayTags[funcTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[mapTag] = typedArrayTags[numberTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[objectTag] = typedArrayTags[regexpTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[setTag] = typedArrayTags[stringTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isTypedArray` without Node.js optimizations.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsTypedArray(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) &&\n    isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[baseGetTag(value)];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsTypedArray;\n","var baseMatches = require('./_baseMatches'),\n    baseMatchesProperty = require('./_baseMatchesProperty'),\n    identity = require('./identity'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    property = require('./property');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.\n */\nfunction baseIteratee(value) {\n  // Don't store the `typeof` result in a variable to avoid a JIT bug in Safari 9.\n  // See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=156034 for more details.\n  if (typeof value == 'function') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (value == null) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  if (typeof value == 'object') {\n    return isArray(value)\n      ? baseMatchesProperty(value[0], value[1])\n      : baseMatches(value);\n  }\n  return property(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIteratee;\n","var isPrototype = require('./_isPrototype'),\n    nativeKeys = require('./_nativeKeys');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't treat sparse arrays as dense.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n */\nfunction baseKeys(object) {\n  if (!isPrototype(object)) {\n    return nativeKeys(object);\n  }\n  var result = [];\n  for (var key in Object(object)) {\n    if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && key != 'constructor') {\n      result.push(key);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseKeys;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.lt` which doesn't coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseLt(value, other) {\n  return value < other;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseLt;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n */\nfunction baseMap(collection, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];\n\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n    result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMap;\n","var baseIsMatch = require('./_baseIsMatch'),\n    getMatchData = require('./_getMatchData'),\n    matchesStrictComparable = require('./_matchesStrictComparable');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction baseMatches(source) {\n  var matchData = getMatchData(source);\n  if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {\n    return matchesStrictComparable(matchData[0][0], matchData[0][1]);\n  }\n  return function(object) {\n    return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMatches;\n","var baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual'),\n    get = require('./get'),\n    hasIn = require('./hasIn'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    isStrictComparable = require('./_isStrictComparable'),\n    matchesStrictComparable = require('./_matchesStrictComparable'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which doesn't clone `srcValue`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {\n  if (isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue)) {\n    return matchesStrictComparable(toKey(path), srcValue);\n  }\n  return function(object) {\n    var objValue = get(object, path);\n    return (objValue === undefined && objValue === srcValue)\n      ? hasIn(object, path)\n      : baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG | COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMatchesProperty;\n","var arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    baseGet = require('./_baseGet'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseMap = require('./_baseMap'),\n    baseSortBy = require('./_baseSortBy'),\n    baseUnary = require('./_baseUnary'),\n    compareMultiple = require('./_compareMultiple'),\n    identity = require('./identity'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.orderBy` without param guards.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.\n * @param {string[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.\n */\nfunction baseOrderBy(collection, iteratees, orders) {\n  if (iteratees.length) {\n    iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {\n      if (isArray(iteratee)) {\n        return function(value) {\n          return baseGet(value, iteratee.length === 1 ? iteratee[0] : iteratee);\n        }\n      }\n      return iteratee;\n    });\n  } else {\n    iteratees = [identity];\n  }\n\n  var index = -1;\n  iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, baseUnary(baseIteratee));\n\n  var result = baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n    var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {\n      return iteratee(value);\n    });\n    return { 'criteria': criteria, 'index': ++index, 'value': value };\n  });\n\n  return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {\n    return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseOrderBy;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n */\nfunction baseProperty(key) {\n  return function(object) {\n    return object == null ? undefined : object[key];\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseProperty;\n","var baseGet = require('./_baseGet');\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n */\nfunction basePropertyDeep(path) {\n  return function(object) {\n    return baseGet(object, path);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = basePropertyDeep;\n","/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeCeil = Math.ceil,\n    nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.range` and `_.rangeRight` which doesn't\n * coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {number} start The start of the range.\n * @param {number} end The end of the range.\n * @param {number} step The value to increment or decrement by.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.\n */\nfunction baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),\n      result = Array(length);\n\n  while (length--) {\n    result[fromRight ? length : ++index] = start;\n    start += step;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseRange;\n","var identity = require('./identity'),\n    overRest = require('./_overRest'),\n    setToString = require('./_setToString');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.rest` which doesn't validate or coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.\n * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction baseRest(func, start) {\n  return setToString(overRest(func, start, identity), func + '');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseRest;\n","var constant = require('./constant'),\n    defineProperty = require('./_defineProperty'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `setToString` without support for hot loop shorting.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to modify.\n * @param {Function} string The `toString` result.\n * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.\n */\nvar baseSetToString = !defineProperty ? identity : function(func, string) {\n  return defineProperty(func, 'toString', {\n    'configurable': true,\n    'enumerable': false,\n    'value': constant(string),\n    'writable': true\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = baseSetToString;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to slice.\n * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.\n * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.\n */\nfunction baseSlice(array, start, end) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  if (start < 0) {\n    start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);\n  }\n  end = end > length ? length : end;\n  if (end < 0) {\n    end += length;\n  }\n  length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);\n  start >>>= 0;\n\n  var result = Array(length);\n  while (++index < length) {\n    result[index] = array[index + start];\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSlice;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseSome(collection, predicate) {\n  var result;\n\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n    result = predicate(value, index, collection);\n    return !result;\n  });\n  return !!result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSome;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define the\n * sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their corresponding\n * values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to sort.\n * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.\n * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.\n */\nfunction baseSortBy(array, comparer) {\n  var length = array.length;\n\n  array.sort(comparer);\n  while (length--) {\n    array[length] = array[length].value;\n  }\n  return array;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSortBy;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands\n * or max array length checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.\n */\nfunction baseTimes(n, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(n);\n\n  while (++index < n) {\n    result[index] = iteratee(index);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseTimes;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */\nvar symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,\n    symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish\n * values to empty strings.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to process.\n * @returns {string} Returns the string.\n */\nfunction baseToString(value) {\n  // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.\n  if (typeof value == 'string') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    // Recursively convert values (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    return arrayMap(value, baseToString) + '';\n  }\n  if (isSymbol(value)) {\n    return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';\n  }\n  var result = (value + '');\n  return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseToString;\n","var trimmedEndIndex = require('./_trimmedEndIndex');\n\n/** Used to match leading whitespace. */\nvar reTrimStart = /^\\s+/;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.trim`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to trim.\n * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.\n */\nfunction baseTrim(string) {\n  return string\n    ? string.slice(0, trimmedEndIndex(string) + 1).replace(reTrimStart, '')\n    : string;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseTrim;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.unary` without support for storing metadata.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.\n */\nfunction baseUnary(func) {\n  return function(value) {\n    return func(value);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseUnary;\n","var SetCache = require('./_SetCache'),\n    arrayIncludes = require('./_arrayIncludes'),\n    arrayIncludesWith = require('./_arrayIncludesWith'),\n    cacheHas = require('./_cacheHas'),\n    createSet = require('./_createSet'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */\nvar LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.uniqBy` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.\n * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.\n */\nfunction baseUniq(array, iteratee, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      includes = arrayIncludes,\n      length = array.length,\n      isCommon = true,\n      result = [],\n      seen = result;\n\n  if (comparator) {\n    isCommon = false;\n    includes = arrayIncludesWith;\n  }\n  else if (length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {\n    var set = iteratee ? null : createSet(array);\n    if (set) {\n      return setToArray(set);\n    }\n    isCommon = false;\n    includes = cacheHas;\n    seen = new SetCache;\n  }\n  else {\n    seen = iteratee ? [] : result;\n  }\n  outer:\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index],\n        computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;\n\n    value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;\n    if (isCommon && computed === computed) {\n      var seenIndex = seen.length;\n      while (seenIndex--) {\n        if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {\n          continue outer;\n        }\n      }\n      if (iteratee) {\n        seen.push(computed);\n      }\n      result.push(value);\n    }\n    else if (!includes(seen, computed, comparator)) {\n      if (seen !== result) {\n        seen.push(computed);\n      }\n      result.push(value);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseUniq;\n","/**\n * Checks if a `cache` value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} cache The cache to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction cacheHas(cache, key) {\n  return cache.has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = cacheHas;\n","var isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    stringToPath = require('./_stringToPath'),\n    toString = require('./toString');\n\n/**\n * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to inspect.\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array.\n */\nfunction castPath(value, object) {\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return isKey(value, object) ? [value] : stringToPath(toString(value));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = castPath;\n","var baseSlice = require('./_baseSlice');\n\n/**\n * Casts `array` to a slice if it's needed.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {number} start The start position.\n * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the cast slice.\n */\nfunction castSlice(array, start, end) {\n  var length = array.length;\n  end = end === undefined ? length : end;\n  return (!start && end >= length) ? array : baseSlice(array, start, end);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = castSlice;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/**\n * Compares values to sort them in ascending order.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.\n */\nfunction compareAscending(value, other) {\n  if (value !== other) {\n    var valIsDefined = value !== undefined,\n        valIsNull = value === null,\n        valIsReflexive = value === value,\n        valIsSymbol = isSymbol(value);\n\n    var othIsDefined = other !== undefined,\n        othIsNull = other === null,\n        othIsReflexive = other === other,\n        othIsSymbol = isSymbol(other);\n\n    if ((!othIsNull && !othIsSymbol && !valIsSymbol && value > other) ||\n        (valIsSymbol && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive && !othIsNull && !othIsSymbol) ||\n        (valIsNull && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||\n        (!valIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||\n        !valIsReflexive) {\n      return 1;\n    }\n    if ((!valIsNull && !valIsSymbol && !othIsSymbol && value < other) ||\n        (othIsSymbol && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive && !valIsNull && !valIsSymbol) ||\n        (othIsNull && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||\n        (!othIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||\n        !othIsReflexive) {\n      return -1;\n    }\n  }\n  return 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = compareAscending;\n","var compareAscending = require('./_compareAscending');\n\n/**\n * Used by `_.orderBy` to compare multiple properties of a value to another\n * and stable sort them.\n *\n * If `orders` is unspecified, all values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,\n * specify an order of \"desc\" for descending or \"asc\" for ascending sort order\n * of corresponding values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {boolean[]|string[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.\n * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.\n */\nfunction compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {\n  var index = -1,\n      objCriteria = object.criteria,\n      othCriteria = other.criteria,\n      length = objCriteria.length,\n      ordersLength = orders.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var result = compareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);\n    if (result) {\n      if (index >= ordersLength) {\n        return result;\n      }\n      var order = orders[index];\n      return result * (order == 'desc' ? -1 : 1);\n    }\n  }\n  // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications\n  // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for\n  // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247\n  // for more details.\n  //\n  // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.\n  // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.\n  return object.index - other.index;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = compareMultiple;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Used to detect overreaching core-js shims. */\nvar coreJsData = root['__core-js_shared__'];\n\nmodule.exports = coreJsData;\n","var isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.\n */\nfunction createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {\n  return function(collection, iteratee) {\n    if (collection == null) {\n      return collection;\n    }\n    if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {\n      return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);\n    }\n    var length = collection.length,\n        index = fromRight ? length : -1,\n        iterable = Object(collection);\n\n    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {\n      if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    return collection;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createBaseEach;\n","/**\n * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.\n */\nfunction createBaseFor(fromRight) {\n  return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {\n    var index = -1,\n        iterable = Object(object),\n        props = keysFunc(object),\n        length = props.length;\n\n    while (length--) {\n      var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];\n      if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    return object;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createBaseFor;\n","var castSlice = require('./_castSlice'),\n    hasUnicode = require('./_hasUnicode'),\n    stringToArray = require('./_stringToArray'),\n    toString = require('./toString');\n\n/**\n * Creates a function like `_.lowerFirst`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} methodName The name of the `String` case method to use.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new case function.\n */\nfunction createCaseFirst(methodName) {\n  return function(string) {\n    string = toString(string);\n\n    var strSymbols = hasUnicode(string)\n      ? stringToArray(string)\n      : undefined;\n\n    var chr = strSymbols\n      ? strSymbols[0]\n      : string.charAt(0);\n\n    var trailing = strSymbols\n      ? castSlice(strSymbols, 1).join('')\n      : string.slice(1);\n\n    return chr[methodName]() + trailing;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createCaseFirst;\n","var baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} findIndexFunc The function to find the collection index.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.\n */\nfunction createFind(findIndexFunc) {\n  return function(collection, predicate, fromIndex) {\n    var iterable = Object(collection);\n    if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {\n      var iteratee = baseIteratee(predicate, 3);\n      collection = keys(collection);\n      predicate = function(key) { return iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable); };\n    }\n    var index = findIndexFunc(collection, predicate, fromIndex);\n    return index > -1 ? iterable[iteratee ? collection[index] : index] : undefined;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createFind;\n","var baseRange = require('./_baseRange'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall'),\n    toFinite = require('./toFinite');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `_.range` or `_.rangeRight` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new range function.\n */\nfunction createRange(fromRight) {\n  return function(start, end, step) {\n    if (step && typeof step != 'number' && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {\n      end = step = undefined;\n    }\n    // Ensure the sign of `-0` is preserved.\n    start = toFinite(start);\n    if (end === undefined) {\n      end = start;\n      start = 0;\n    } else {\n      end = toFinite(end);\n    }\n    step = step === undefined ? (start < end ? 1 : -1) : toFinite(step);\n    return baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createRange;\n","var Set = require('./_Set'),\n    noop = require('./noop'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/**\n * Creates a set object of `values`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} values The values to add to the set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new set.\n */\nvar createSet = !(Set && (1 / setToArray(new Set([,-0]))[1]) == INFINITY) ? noop : function(values) {\n  return new Set(values);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = createSet;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative');\n\nvar defineProperty = (function() {\n  try {\n    var func = getNative(Object, 'defineProperty');\n    func({}, '', {});\n    return func;\n  } catch (e) {}\n}());\n\nmodule.exports = defineProperty;\n","var SetCache = require('./_SetCache'),\n    arraySome = require('./_arraySome'),\n    cacheHas = require('./_cacheHas');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for\n * partial deep comparisons.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to compare.\n * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `array` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalArrays(array, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG,\n      arrLength = array.length,\n      othLength = other.length;\n\n  if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  // Check that cyclic values are equal.\n  var arrStacked = stack.get(array);\n  var othStacked = stack.get(other);\n  if (arrStacked && othStacked) {\n    return arrStacked == other && othStacked == array;\n  }\n  var index = -1,\n      result = true,\n      seen = (bitmask & COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG) ? new SetCache : undefined;\n\n  stack.set(array, other);\n  stack.set(other, array);\n\n  // Ignore non-index properties.\n  while (++index < arrLength) {\n    var arrValue = array[index],\n        othValue = other[index];\n\n    if (customizer) {\n      var compared = isPartial\n        ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index, other, array, stack)\n        : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index, array, other, stack);\n    }\n    if (compared !== undefined) {\n      if (compared) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n    // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    if (seen) {\n      if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue, othIndex) {\n            if (!cacheHas(seen, othIndex) &&\n                (arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack))) {\n              return seen.push(othIndex);\n            }\n          })) {\n        result = false;\n        break;\n      }\n    } else if (!(\n          arrValue === othValue ||\n            equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack)\n        )) {\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n  stack['delete'](array);\n  stack['delete'](other);\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalArrays;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    Uint8Array = require('./_Uint8Array'),\n    eq = require('./eq'),\n    equalArrays = require('./_equalArrays'),\n    mapToArray = require('./_mapToArray'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar boolTag = '[object Boolean]',\n    dateTag = '[object Date]',\n    errorTag = '[object Error]',\n    mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    numberTag = '[object Number]',\n    regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    stringTag = '[object String]',\n    symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';\n\nvar arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',\n    dataViewTag = '[object DataView]';\n\n/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */\nvar symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,\n    symbolValueOf = symbolProto ? symbolProto.valueOf : undefined;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of\n * the same `toStringTag`.\n *\n * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of\n * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalByTag(object, other, tag, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case dataViewTag:\n      if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||\n          (object.byteOffset != other.byteOffset)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      object = object.buffer;\n      other = other.buffer;\n\n    case arrayBufferTag:\n      if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||\n          !equalFunc(new Uint8Array(object), new Uint8Array(other))) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      return true;\n\n    case boolTag:\n    case dateTag:\n    case numberTag:\n      // Coerce booleans to `1` or `0` and dates to milliseconds.\n      // Invalid dates are coerced to `NaN`.\n      return eq(+object, +other);\n\n    case errorTag:\n      return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;\n\n    case regexpTag:\n    case stringTag:\n      // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings, primitives and objects,\n      // as equal. See http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring\n      // for more details.\n      return object == (other + '');\n\n    case mapTag:\n      var convert = mapToArray;\n\n    case setTag:\n      var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG;\n      convert || (convert = setToArray);\n\n      if (object.size != other.size && !isPartial) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      // Assume cyclic values are equal.\n      var stacked = stack.get(object);\n      if (stacked) {\n        return stacked == other;\n      }\n      bitmask |= COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG;\n\n      // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).\n      stack.set(object, other);\n      var result = equalArrays(convert(object), convert(other), bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n      stack['delete'](object);\n      return result;\n\n    case symbolTag:\n      if (symbolValueOf) {\n        return symbolValueOf.call(object) == symbolValueOf.call(other);\n      }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalByTag;\n","var getAllKeys = require('./_getAllKeys');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1;\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for\n * partial deep comparisons.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalObjects(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG,\n      objProps = getAllKeys(object),\n      objLength = objProps.length,\n      othProps = getAllKeys(other),\n      othLength = othProps.length;\n\n  if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var index = objLength;\n  while (index--) {\n    var key = objProps[index];\n    if (!(isPartial ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key))) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  // Check that cyclic values are equal.\n  var objStacked = stack.get(object);\n  var othStacked = stack.get(other);\n  if (objStacked && othStacked) {\n    return objStacked == other && othStacked == object;\n  }\n  var result = true;\n  stack.set(object, other);\n  stack.set(other, object);\n\n  var skipCtor = isPartial;\n  while (++index < objLength) {\n    key = objProps[index];\n    var objValue = object[key],\n        othValue = other[key];\n\n    if (customizer) {\n      var compared = isPartial\n        ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key, other, object, stack)\n        : customizer(objValue, othValue, key, object, other, stack);\n    }\n    // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    if (!(compared === undefined\n          ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack))\n          : compared\n        )) {\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n    skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');\n  }\n  if (result && !skipCtor) {\n    var objCtor = object.constructor,\n        othCtor = other.constructor;\n\n    // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.\n    if (objCtor != othCtor &&\n        ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&\n        !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&\n          typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {\n      result = false;\n    }\n  }\n  stack['delete'](object);\n  stack['delete'](other);\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalObjects;\n","/** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */\nvar freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global;\n\nmodule.exports = freeGlobal;\n","var baseGetAllKeys = require('./_baseGetAllKeys'),\n    getSymbols = require('./_getSymbols'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of own enumerable property names and symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.\n */\nfunction getAllKeys(object) {\n  return baseGetAllKeys(object, keys, getSymbols);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getAllKeys;\n","var isKeyable = require('./_isKeyable');\n\n/**\n * Gets the data for `map`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} map The map to query.\n * @param {string} key The reference key.\n * @returns {*} Returns the map data.\n */\nfunction getMapData(map, key) {\n  var data = map.__data__;\n  return isKeyable(key)\n    ? data[typeof key == 'string' ? 'string' : 'hash']\n    : data.map;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getMapData;\n","var isStrictComparable = require('./_isStrictComparable'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Gets the property names, values, and compare flags of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.\n */\nfunction getMatchData(object) {\n  var result = keys(object),\n      length = result.length;\n\n  while (length--) {\n    var key = result[length],\n        value = object[key];\n\n    result[length] = [key, value, isStrictComparable(value)];\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getMatchData;\n","var baseIsNative = require('./_baseIsNative'),\n    getValue = require('./_getValue');\n\n/**\n * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.\n */\nfunction getNative(object, key) {\n  var value = getValue(object, key);\n  return baseIsNative(value) ? value : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getNative;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Used to resolve the\n * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)\n * of values.\n */\nvar nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseGetTag` which ignores `Symbol.toStringTag` values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the raw `toStringTag`.\n */\nfunction getRawTag(value) {\n  var isOwn = hasOwnProperty.call(value, symToStringTag),\n      tag = value[symToStringTag];\n\n  try {\n    value[symToStringTag] = undefined;\n    var unmasked = true;\n  } catch (e) {}\n\n  var result = nativeObjectToString.call(value);\n  if (unmasked) {\n    if (isOwn) {\n      value[symToStringTag] = tag;\n    } else {\n      delete value[symToStringTag];\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getRawTag;\n","var arrayFilter = require('./_arrayFilter'),\n    stubArray = require('./stubArray');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeGetSymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the own enumerable symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.\n */\nvar getSymbols = !nativeGetSymbols ? stubArray : function(object) {\n  if (object == null) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  object = Object(object);\n  return arrayFilter(nativeGetSymbols(object), function(symbol) {\n    return propertyIsEnumerable.call(object, symbol);\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = getSymbols;\n","var DataView = require('./_DataView'),\n    Map = require('./_Map'),\n    Promise = require('./_Promise'),\n    Set = require('./_Set'),\n    WeakMap = require('./_WeakMap'),\n    baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    toSource = require('./_toSource');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]',\n    promiseTag = '[object Promise]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';\n\nvar dataViewTag = '[object DataView]';\n\n/** Used to detect maps, sets, and weakmaps. */\nvar dataViewCtorString = toSource(DataView),\n    mapCtorString = toSource(Map),\n    promiseCtorString = toSource(Promise),\n    setCtorString = toSource(Set),\n    weakMapCtorString = toSource(WeakMap);\n\n/**\n * Gets the `toStringTag` of `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.\n */\nvar getTag = baseGetTag;\n\n// Fallback for data views, maps, sets, and weak maps in IE 11 and promises in Node.js < 6.\nif ((DataView && getTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(1))) != dataViewTag) ||\n    (Map && getTag(new Map) != mapTag) ||\n    (Promise && getTag(Promise.resolve()) != promiseTag) ||\n    (Set && getTag(new Set) != setTag) ||\n    (WeakMap && getTag(new WeakMap) != weakMapTag)) {\n  getTag = function(value) {\n    var result = baseGetTag(value),\n        Ctor = result == objectTag ? value.constructor : undefined,\n        ctorString = Ctor ? toSource(Ctor) : '';\n\n    if (ctorString) {\n      switch (ctorString) {\n        case dataViewCtorString: return dataViewTag;\n        case mapCtorString: return mapTag;\n        case promiseCtorString: return promiseTag;\n        case setCtorString: return setTag;\n        case weakMapCtorString: return weakMapTag;\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getTag;\n","/**\n * Gets the value at `key` of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the property value.\n */\nfunction getValue(object, key) {\n  return object == null ? undefined : object[key];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getValue;\n","var castPath = require('./_castPath'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `path` exists on `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.\n * @param {Function} hasFunc The function to check properties.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hasPath(object, path, hasFunc) {\n  path = castPath(path, object);\n\n  var index = -1,\n      length = path.length,\n      result = false;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var key = toKey(path[index]);\n    if (!(result = object != null && hasFunc(object, key))) {\n      break;\n    }\n    object = object[key];\n  }\n  if (result || ++index != length) {\n    return result;\n  }\n  length = object == null ? 0 : object.length;\n  return !!length && isLength(length) && isIndex(key, length) &&\n    (isArray(object) || isArguments(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasPath;\n","/** Used to compose unicode character classes. */\nvar rsAstralRange = '\\\\ud800-\\\\udfff',\n    rsComboMarksRange = '\\\\u0300-\\\\u036f',\n    reComboHalfMarksRange = '\\\\ufe20-\\\\ufe2f',\n    rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\\\u20d0-\\\\u20ff',\n    rsComboRange = rsComboMarksRange + reComboHalfMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange,\n    rsVarRange = '\\\\ufe0e\\\\ufe0f';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */\nvar rsZWJ = '\\\\u200d';\n\n/** Used to detect strings with [zero-width joiners or code points from the astral planes](http://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/). */\nvar reHasUnicode = RegExp('[' + rsZWJ + rsAstralRange  + rsComboRange + rsVarRange + ']');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `string` contains Unicode symbols.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to inspect.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if a symbol is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hasUnicode(string) {\n  return reHasUnicode.test(string);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasUnicode;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the hash.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf Hash\n */\nfunction hashClear() {\n  this.__data__ = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : {};\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashClear;\n","/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the hash.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hashDelete(key) {\n  var result = this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];\n  this.size -= result ? 1 : 0;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashDelete;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Gets the hash value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction hashGet(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  if (nativeCreate) {\n    var result = data[key];\n    return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result;\n  }\n  return hasOwnProperty.call(data, key) ? data[key] : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashGet;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hashHas(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  return nativeCreate ? (data[key] !== undefined) : hasOwnProperty.call(data, key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashHas;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/**\n * Sets the hash `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the hash instance.\n */\nfunction hashSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  this.size += this.has(key) ? 0 : 1;\n  data[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashSet;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar spreadableSymbol = Symbol ? Symbol.isConcatSpreadable : undefined;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a flattenable `arguments` object or array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is flattenable, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isFlattenable(value) {\n  return isArray(value) || isArguments(value) ||\n    !!(spreadableSymbol && value && value[spreadableSymbol]);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isFlattenable;\n","/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;\n\n/** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */\nvar reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)$/;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isIndex(value, length) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;\n\n  return !!length &&\n    (type == 'number' ||\n      (type != 'symbol' && reIsUint.test(value))) &&\n        (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isIndex;\n","var eq = require('./eq'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/**\n * Checks if the given arguments are from an iteratee call.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.\n * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.\n * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {\n  if (!isObject(object)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var type = typeof index;\n  if (type == 'number'\n        ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))\n        : (type == 'string' && index in object)\n      ) {\n    return eq(object[index], value);\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isIterateeCall;\n","var isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used to match property names within property paths. */\nvar reIsDeepProp = /\\.|\\[(?:[^[\\]]*|([\"'])(?:(?!\\1)[^\\\\]|\\\\.)*?\\1)\\]/,\n    reIsPlainProp = /^\\w*$/;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isKey(value, object) {\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var type = typeof value;\n  if (type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean' ||\n      value == null || isSymbol(value)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) ||\n    (object != null && value in Object(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isKey;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isKeyable(value) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  return (type == 'string' || type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean')\n    ? (value !== '__proto__')\n    : (value === null);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isKeyable;\n","var coreJsData = require('./_coreJsData');\n\n/** Used to detect methods masquerading as native. */\nvar maskSrcKey = (function() {\n  var uid = /[^.]+$/.exec(coreJsData && coreJsData.keys && coreJsData.keys.IE_PROTO || '');\n  return uid ? ('Symbol(src)_1.' + uid) : '';\n}());\n\n/**\n * Checks if `func` has its source masked.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` is masked, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isMasked(func) {\n  return !!maskSrcKey && (maskSrcKey in func);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isMasked;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isPrototype(value) {\n  var Ctor = value && value.constructor,\n      proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;\n\n  return value === proto;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isPrototype;\n","var isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict\n *  equality comparisons, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isStrictComparable(value) {\n  return value === value && !isObject(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isStrictComparable;\n","/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the list cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf ListCache\n */\nfunction listCacheClear() {\n  this.__data__ = [];\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheClear;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar arrayProto = Array.prototype;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar splice = arrayProto.splice;\n\n/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the list cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction listCacheDelete(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  if (index < 0) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n  if (index == lastIndex) {\n    data.pop();\n  } else {\n    splice.call(data, index, 1);\n  }\n  --this.size;\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheDelete;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Gets the list cache value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction listCacheGet(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  return index < 0 ? undefined : data[index][1];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheGet;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Checks if a list cache value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction listCacheHas(key) {\n  return assocIndexOf(this.__data__, key) > -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheHas;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Sets the list cache `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the list cache instance.\n */\nfunction listCacheSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  if (index < 0) {\n    ++this.size;\n    data.push([key, value]);\n  } else {\n    data[index][1] = value;\n  }\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheSet;\n","var Hash = require('./_Hash'),\n    ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    Map = require('./_Map');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the map.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf MapCache\n */\nfunction mapCacheClear() {\n  this.size = 0;\n  this.__data__ = {\n    'hash': new Hash,\n    'map': new (Map || ListCache),\n    'string': new Hash\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheClear;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the map.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction mapCacheDelete(key) {\n  var result = getMapData(this, key)['delete'](key);\n  this.size -= result ? 1 : 0;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheDelete;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Gets the map value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction mapCacheGet(key) {\n  return getMapData(this, key).get(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheGet;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Checks if a map value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction mapCacheHas(key) {\n  return getMapData(this, key).has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheHas;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Sets the map `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache instance.\n */\nfunction mapCacheSet(key, value) {\n  var data = getMapData(this, key),\n      size = data.size;\n\n  data.set(key, value);\n  this.size += data.size == size ? 0 : 1;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheSet;\n","/**\n * Converts `map` to its key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} map The map to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.\n */\nfunction mapToArray(map) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(map.size);\n\n  map.forEach(function(value, key) {\n    result[++index] = [key, value];\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapToArray;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `matchesProperty` for source values suitable\n * for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction matchesStrictComparable(key, srcValue) {\n  return function(object) {\n    if (object == null) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    return object[key] === srcValue &&\n      (srcValue !== undefined || (key in Object(object)));\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = matchesStrictComparable;\n","var memoize = require('./memoize');\n\n/** Used as the maximum memoize cache size. */\nvar MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE = 500;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `_.memoize` which clears the memoized function's\n * cache when it exceeds `MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.\n */\nfunction memoizeCapped(func) {\n  var result = memoize(func, function(key) {\n    if (cache.size === MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE) {\n      cache.clear();\n    }\n    return key;\n  });\n\n  var cache = result.cache;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = memoizeCapped;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create');\n\nmodule.exports = nativeCreate;\n","var overArg = require('./_overArg');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeKeys = overArg(Object.keys, Object);\n\nmodule.exports = nativeKeys;\n","var freeGlobal = require('./_freeGlobal');\n\n/** Detect free variable `exports`. */\nvar freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `module`. */\nvar freeModule = freeExports && typeof module == 'object' && module && !module.nodeType && module;\n\n/** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */\nvar moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `process` from Node.js. */\nvar freeProcess = moduleExports && freeGlobal.process;\n\n/** Used to access faster Node.js helpers. */\nvar nodeUtil = (function() {\n  try {\n    // Use `util.types` for Node.js 10+.\n    var types = freeModule && freeModule.require && freeModule.require('util').types;\n\n    if (types) {\n      return types;\n    }\n\n    // Legacy `process.binding('util')` for Node.js < 10.\n    return freeProcess && freeProcess.binding && freeProcess.binding('util');\n  } catch (e) {}\n}());\n\nmodule.exports = nodeUtil;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/**\n * Used to resolve the\n * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)\n * of values.\n */\nvar nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n */\nfunction objectToString(value) {\n  return nativeObjectToString.call(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = objectToString;\n","/**\n * Creates a unary function that invokes `func` with its argument transformed.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.\n * @param {Function} transform The argument transform.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction overArg(func, transform) {\n  return function(arg) {\n    return func(transform(arg));\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = overArg;\n","var apply = require('./_apply');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseRest` which transforms the rest array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.\n * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.\n * @param {Function} transform The rest array transform.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction overRest(func, start, transform) {\n  start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : start, 0);\n  return function() {\n    var args = arguments,\n        index = -1,\n        length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),\n        array = Array(length);\n\n    while (++index < length) {\n      array[index] = args[start + index];\n    }\n    index = -1;\n    var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);\n    while (++index < start) {\n      otherArgs[index] = args[index];\n    }\n    otherArgs[start] = transform(array);\n    return apply(func, this, otherArgs);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = overRest;\n","var freeGlobal = require('./_freeGlobal');\n\n/** Detect free variable `self`. */\nvar freeSelf = typeof self == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self;\n\n/** Used as a reference to the global object. */\nvar root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')();\n\nmodule.exports = root;\n","/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/**\n * Adds `value` to the array cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name add\n * @memberOf SetCache\n * @alias push\n * @param {*} value The value to cache.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the cache instance.\n */\nfunction setCacheAdd(value) {\n  this.__data__.set(value, HASH_UNDEFINED);\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setCacheAdd;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is in the array cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf SetCache\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @returns {number} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction setCacheHas(value) {\n  return this.__data__.has(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setCacheHas;\n","/**\n * Converts `set` to an array of its values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} set The set to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the values.\n */\nfunction setToArray(set) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(set.size);\n\n  set.forEach(function(value) {\n    result[++index] = value;\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setToArray;\n","var baseSetToString = require('./_baseSetToString'),\n    shortOut = require('./_shortOut');\n\n/**\n * Sets the `toString` method of `func` to return `string`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to modify.\n * @param {Function} string The `toString` result.\n * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.\n */\nvar setToString = shortOut(baseSetToString);\n\nmodule.exports = setToString;\n","/** Used to detect hot functions by number of calls within a span of milliseconds. */\nvar HOT_COUNT = 800,\n    HOT_SPAN = 16;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeNow = Date.now;\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that'll short out and invoke `identity` instead\n * of `func` when it's called `HOT_COUNT` or more times in `HOT_SPAN`\n * milliseconds.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new shortable function.\n */\nfunction shortOut(func) {\n  var count = 0,\n      lastCalled = 0;\n\n  return function() {\n    var stamp = nativeNow(),\n        remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);\n\n    lastCalled = stamp;\n    if (remaining > 0) {\n      if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {\n        return arguments[0];\n      }\n    } else {\n      count = 0;\n    }\n    return func.apply(undefined, arguments);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = shortOut;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the stack.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf Stack\n */\nfunction stackClear() {\n  this.__data__ = new ListCache;\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackClear;\n","/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the stack.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction stackDelete(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      result = data['delete'](key);\n\n  this.size = data.size;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackDelete;\n","/**\n * Gets the stack value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction stackGet(key) {\n  return this.__data__.get(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackGet;\n","/**\n * Checks if a stack value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction stackHas(key) {\n  return this.__data__.has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackHas;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    Map = require('./_Map'),\n    MapCache = require('./_MapCache');\n\n/** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */\nvar LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;\n\n/**\n * Sets the stack `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the stack cache instance.\n */\nfunction stackSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  if (data instanceof ListCache) {\n    var pairs = data.__data__;\n    if (!Map || (pairs.length < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE - 1)) {\n      pairs.push([key, value]);\n      this.size = ++data.size;\n      return this;\n    }\n    data = this.__data__ = new MapCache(pairs);\n  }\n  data.set(key, value);\n  this.size = data.size;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackSet;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.indexOf` which performs strict equality\n * comparisons of values, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n  var index = fromIndex - 1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (array[index] === value) {\n      return index;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = strictIndexOf;\n","var asciiToArray = require('./_asciiToArray'),\n    hasUnicode = require('./_hasUnicode'),\n    unicodeToArray = require('./_unicodeToArray');\n\n/**\n * Converts `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction stringToArray(string) {\n  return hasUnicode(string)\n    ? unicodeToArray(string)\n    : asciiToArray(string);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stringToArray;\n","var memoizeCapped = require('./_memoizeCapped');\n\n/** Used to match property names within property paths. */\nvar rePropName = /[^.[\\]]+|\\[(?:(-?\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)|([\"'])((?:(?!\\2)[^\\\\]|\\\\.)*?)\\2)\\]|(?=(?:\\.|\\[\\])(?:\\.|\\[\\]|$))/g;\n\n/** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */\nvar reEscapeChar = /\\\\(\\\\)?/g;\n\n/**\n * Converts `string` to a property path array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.\n */\nvar stringToPath = memoizeCapped(function(string) {\n  var result = [];\n  if (string.charCodeAt(0) === 46 /* . */) {\n    result.push('');\n  }\n  string.replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, subString) {\n    result.push(quote ? subString.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));\n  });\n  return result;\n});\n\nmodule.exports = stringToPath;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to inspect.\n * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key.\n */\nfunction toKey(value) {\n  if (typeof value == 'string' || isSymbol(value)) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  var result = (value + '');\n  return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toKey;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar funcProto = Function.prototype;\n\n/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */\nvar funcToString = funcProto.toString;\n\n/**\n * Converts `func` to its source code.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the source code.\n */\nfunction toSource(func) {\n  if (func != null) {\n    try {\n      return funcToString.call(func);\n    } catch (e) {}\n    try {\n      return (func + '');\n    } catch (e) {}\n  }\n  return '';\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toSource;\n","/** Used to match a single whitespace character. */\nvar reWhitespace = /\\s/;\n\n/**\n * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last non-whitespace\n * character of `string`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to inspect.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.\n */\nfunction trimmedEndIndex(string) {\n  var index = string.length;\n\n  while (index-- && reWhitespace.test(string.charAt(index))) {}\n  return index;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = trimmedEndIndex;\n","/** Used to compose unicode character classes. */\nvar rsAstralRange = '\\\\ud800-\\\\udfff',\n    rsComboMarksRange = '\\\\u0300-\\\\u036f',\n    reComboHalfMarksRange = '\\\\ufe20-\\\\ufe2f',\n    rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\\\u20d0-\\\\u20ff',\n    rsComboRange = rsComboMarksRange + reComboHalfMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange,\n    rsVarRange = '\\\\ufe0e\\\\ufe0f';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */\nvar rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']',\n    rsCombo = '[' + rsComboRange + ']',\n    rsFitz = '\\\\ud83c[\\\\udffb-\\\\udfff]',\n    rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')',\n    rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']',\n    rsRegional = '(?:\\\\ud83c[\\\\udde6-\\\\uddff]){2}',\n    rsSurrPair = '[\\\\ud800-\\\\udbff][\\\\udc00-\\\\udfff]',\n    rsZWJ = '\\\\u200d';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode regexes. */\nvar reOptMod = rsModifier + '?',\n    rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?',\n    rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*',\n    rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin,\n    rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';\n\n/** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */\nvar reUnicode = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');\n\n/**\n * Converts a Unicode `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction unicodeToArray(string) {\n  return string.match(reUnicode) || [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = unicodeToArray;\n","/**\n * Creates a function that returns `value`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Util\n * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.\n * @example\n *\n * var objects = _.times(2, _.constant({ 'a': 1 }));\n *\n * console.log(objects);\n * // => [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'a': 1 }]\n *\n * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction constant(value) {\n  return function() {\n    return value;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = constant;\n","var isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    now = require('./now'),\n    toNumber = require('./toNumber');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max,\n    nativeMin = Math.min;\n\n/**\n * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`\n * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was\n * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel\n * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.\n * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the\n * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked\n * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent\n * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`\n * invocation.\n *\n * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is\n * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function\n * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred\n * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.\n *\n * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)\n * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.\n * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.\n * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]\n *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {number} [options.maxWait]\n *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.\n * @example\n *\n * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.\n * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));\n *\n * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.\n * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {\n *   'leading': true,\n *   'trailing': false\n * }));\n *\n * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.\n * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });\n * var source = new EventSource('/stream');\n * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);\n *\n * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.\n * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);\n */\nfunction debounce(func, wait, options) {\n  var lastArgs,\n      lastThis,\n      maxWait,\n      result,\n      timerId,\n      lastCallTime,\n      lastInvokeTime = 0,\n      leading = false,\n      maxing = false,\n      trailing = true;\n\n  if (typeof func != 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;\n  if (isObject(options)) {\n    leading = !!options.leading;\n    maxing = 'maxWait' in options;\n    maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;\n    trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;\n  }\n\n  function invokeFunc(time) {\n    var args = lastArgs,\n        thisArg = lastThis;\n\n    lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;\n    lastInvokeTime = time;\n    result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  function leadingEdge(time) {\n    // Reset any `maxWait` timer.\n    lastInvokeTime = time;\n    // Start the timer for the trailing edge.\n    timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n    // Invoke the leading edge.\n    return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;\n  }\n\n  function remainingWait(time) {\n    var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,\n        timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,\n        timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall;\n\n    return maxing\n      ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke)\n      : timeWaiting;\n  }\n\n  function shouldInvoke(time) {\n    var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,\n        timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;\n\n    // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the\n    // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating\n    // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.\n    return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||\n      (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));\n  }\n\n  function timerExpired() {\n    var time = now();\n    if (shouldInvoke(time)) {\n      return trailingEdge(time);\n    }\n    // Restart the timer.\n    timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));\n  }\n\n  function trailingEdge(time) {\n    timerId = undefined;\n\n    // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been\n    // debounced at least once.\n    if (trailing && lastArgs) {\n      return invokeFunc(time);\n    }\n    lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  function cancel() {\n    if (timerId !== undefined) {\n      clearTimeout(timerId);\n    }\n    lastInvokeTime = 0;\n    lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;\n  }\n\n  function flush() {\n    return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());\n  }\n\n  function debounced() {\n    var time = now(),\n        isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);\n\n    lastArgs = arguments;\n    lastThis = this;\n    lastCallTime = time;\n\n    if (isInvoking) {\n      if (timerId === undefined) {\n        return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);\n      }\n      if (maxing) {\n        // Handle invocations in a tight loop.\n        clearTimeout(timerId);\n        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n        return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);\n      }\n    }\n    if (timerId === undefined) {\n      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  debounced.cancel = cancel;\n  debounced.flush = flush;\n  return debounced;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = debounce;\n","/**\n * Performs a\n * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero)\n * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n * var other = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * _.eq(object, object);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.eq(object, other);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.eq('a', 'a');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.eq('a', Object('a'));\n * // => false\n *\n * _.eq(NaN, NaN);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction eq(value, other) {\n  return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = eq;\n","var arrayEvery = require('./_arrayEvery'),\n    baseEvery = require('./_baseEvery'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.\n * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is\n * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * **Note:** This method returns `true` for\n * [empty collections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_set) because\n * [everything is true](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuous_truth) of\n * elements of empty collections.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);\n * // => false\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });\n * // => false\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => true\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, 'active');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction every(collection, predicate, guard) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;\n  if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {\n    predicate = undefined;\n  }\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(predicate, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = every;\n","var createFind = require('./_createFind'),\n    findIndex = require('./findIndex');\n\n/**\n * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element\n * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three\n * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }\n * ];\n *\n * _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });\n * // => object for 'barney'\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });\n * // => object for 'pebbles'\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => object for 'fred'\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, 'active');\n * // => object for 'barney'\n */\nvar find = createFind(findIndex);\n\nmodule.exports = find;\n","var baseFindIndex = require('./_baseFindIndex'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    toInteger = require('./toInteger');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first\n * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 1.1.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }\n * ];\n *\n * _.findIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'barney'; });\n * // => 0\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });\n * // => 1\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => 0\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, 'active');\n * // => 2\n */\nfunction findIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  if (!length) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  var index = fromIndex == null ? 0 : toInteger(fromIndex);\n  if (index < 0) {\n    index = nativeMax(length + index, 0);\n  }\n  return baseFindIndex(array, baseIteratee(predicate, 3), index);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = findIndex;\n","var baseFlatten = require('./_baseFlatten'),\n    map = require('./map');\n\n/**\n * Creates a flattened array of values by running each element in `collection`\n * thru `iteratee` and flattening the mapped results. The iteratee is invoked\n * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.\n * @example\n *\n * function duplicate(n) {\n *   return [n, n];\n * }\n *\n * _.flatMap([1, 2], duplicate);\n * // => [1, 1, 2, 2]\n */\nfunction flatMap(collection, iteratee) {\n  return baseFlatten(map(collection, iteratee), 1);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = flatMap;\n","var baseGet = require('./_baseGet');\n\n/**\n * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is\n * `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is returned in its place.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 3.7.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values.\n * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };\n *\n * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');\n * // => 'default'\n */\nfunction get(object, path, defaultValue) {\n  var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);\n  return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = get;\n","var baseHasIn = require('./_baseHasIn'),\n    hasPath = require('./_hasPath');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `path` is a direct or inherited property of `object`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': 2 }) });\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'a');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'a.b');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b']);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'b');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction hasIn(object, path) {\n  return object != null && hasPath(object, path, baseHasIn);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasIn;\n","/**\n * This method returns the first argument it receives.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Util\n * @param {*} value Any value.\n * @returns {*} Returns `value`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * console.log(_.identity(object) === object);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction identity(value) {\n  return value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = identity;\n","var baseIsArguments = require('./_baseIsArguments'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isArguments = baseIsArguments(function() { return arguments; }()) ? baseIsArguments : function(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&\n    !propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee');\n};\n\nmodule.exports = isArguments;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArray(document.body.children);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray('abc');\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray(_.noop);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isArray = Array.isArray;\n\nmodule.exports = isArray;\n","var isFunction = require('./isFunction'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's\n * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or\n * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike('abc');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isArrayLike(value) {\n  return value != null && isLength(value.length) && !isFunction(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isArrayLike;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar boolTag = '[object Boolean]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a boolean, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isBoolean(false);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isBoolean(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isBoolean(value) {\n  return value === true || value === false ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == boolTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isBoolean;\n","var root = require('./_root'),\n    stubFalse = require('./stubFalse');\n\n/** Detect free variable `exports`. */\nvar freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `module`. */\nvar freeModule = freeExports && typeof module == 'object' && module && !module.nodeType && module;\n\n/** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */\nvar moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Buffer = moduleExports ? root.Buffer : undefined;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeIsBuffer = Buffer ? Buffer.isBuffer : undefined;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a buffer.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.3.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a buffer, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isBuffer(new Buffer(2));\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isBuffer(new Uint8Array(2));\n * // => false\n */\nvar isBuffer = nativeIsBuffer || stubFalse;\n\nmodule.exports = isBuffer;\n","var baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual');\n\n/**\n * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are\n * equivalent.\n *\n * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, array buffers, booleans,\n * date objects, error objects, maps, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes,\n * sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. `Object` objects are compared\n * by their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM\n * nodes are compared by strict equality, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n * var other = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * _.isEqual(object, other);\n * // => true\n *\n * object === other;\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isEqual(value, other) {\n  return baseIsEqual(value, other);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isEqual;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar asyncTag = '[object AsyncFunction]',\n    funcTag = '[object Function]',\n    genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',\n    proxyTag = '[object Proxy]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isFunction(_);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isFunction(/abc/);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isFunction(value) {\n  if (!isObject(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator\n  // in Safari 9 which returns 'object' for typed arrays and other constructors.\n  var tag = baseGetTag(value);\n  return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag || tag == asyncTag || tag == proxyTag;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isFunction;\n","/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is loosely based on\n * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tolength).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isLength(3);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isLength(Infinity);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isLength('3');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isLength(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'number' &&\n    value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isLength;\n","var isNumber = require('./isNumber');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is based on\n * [`Number.isNaN`](https://mdn.io/Number/isNaN) and is not the same as\n * global [`isNaN`](https://mdn.io/isNaN) which returns `true` for\n * `undefined` and other non-number values.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNaN(NaN);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));\n * // => true\n *\n * isNaN(undefined);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(undefined);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNaN(value) {\n  // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.\n  // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some\n  // ActiveX objects in IE.\n  return isNumber(value) && value != +value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNaN;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is `null` or `undefined`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is nullish, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNil(null);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNil(void 0);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNil(NaN);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNil(value) {\n  return value == null;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNil;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar numberTag = '[object Number]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.\n *\n * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are\n * classified as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a number, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNumber(3);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber(Infinity);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber('3');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNumber(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'number' ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == numberTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNumber;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is the\n * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)\n * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isObject({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject(_.noop);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isObject(value) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isObject;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`\n * and has a `typeof` result of \"object\".\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isObjectLike({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isObjectLike(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isObjectLike(value) {\n  return value != null && typeof value == 'object';\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isObjectLike;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar stringTag = '[object String]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a string, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isString('abc');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isString(1);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isString(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'string' ||\n    (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == stringTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isString;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isSymbol('abc');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isSymbol(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'symbol' ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == symbolTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isSymbol;\n","var baseIsTypedArray = require('./_baseIsTypedArray'),\n    baseUnary = require('./_baseUnary'),\n    nodeUtil = require('./_nodeUtil');\n\n/* Node.js helper references. */\nvar nodeIsTypedArray = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isTypedArray;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 3.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isTypedArray([]);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isTypedArray = nodeIsTypedArray ? baseUnary(nodeIsTypedArray) : baseIsTypedArray;\n\nmodule.exports = isTypedArray;\n","var arrayLikeKeys = require('./_arrayLikeKeys'),\n    baseKeys = require('./_baseKeys'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.\n *\n * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the\n * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.keys)\n * for more details.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n * @example\n *\n * function Foo() {\n *   this.a = 1;\n *   this.b = 2;\n * }\n *\n * Foo.prototype.c = 3;\n *\n * _.keys(new Foo);\n * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * _.keys('hi');\n * // => ['0', '1']\n */\nfunction keys(object) {\n  return isArrayLike(object) ? arrayLikeKeys(object) : baseKeys(object);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = keys;\n","/**\n * Gets the last element of `array`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.last([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => 3\n */\nfunction last(array) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = last;\n","var arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseMap = require('./_baseMap'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` thru\n * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:\n * (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like\n * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.\n *\n * The guarded methods are:\n * `ary`, `chunk`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,\n * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `repeat`,\n * `sampleSize`, `slice`, `some`, `sortBy`, `split`, `take`, `takeRight`,\n * `template`, `trim`, `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, and `words`\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n * @example\n *\n * function square(n) {\n *   return n * n;\n * }\n *\n * _.map([4, 8], square);\n * // => [16, 64]\n *\n * _.map({ 'a': 4, 'b': 8 }, square);\n * // => [16, 64] (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney' },\n *   { 'user': 'fred' }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.map(users, 'user');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\nfunction map(collection, iteratee) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(iteratee, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = map;\n","var baseAssignValue = require('./_baseAssignValue'),\n    baseForOwn = require('./_baseForOwn'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee');\n\n/**\n * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated\n * by running each own enumerable string keyed property of `object` thru\n * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:\n * (value, key, object).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.\n * @see _.mapKeys\n * @example\n *\n * var users = {\n *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },\n *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }\n * };\n *\n * _.mapValues(users, function(o) { return o.age; });\n * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.mapValues(users, 'age');\n * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n */\nfunction mapValues(object, iteratee) {\n  var result = {};\n  iteratee = baseIteratee(iteratee, 3);\n\n  baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n    baseAssignValue(result, key, iteratee(value, key, object));\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapValues;\n","var baseExtremum = require('./_baseExtremum'),\n    baseGt = require('./_baseGt'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * Computes the maximum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,\n * `undefined` is returned.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Math\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 8\n *\n * _.max([]);\n * // => undefined\n */\nfunction max(array) {\n  return (array && array.length)\n    ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseGt)\n    : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = max;\n","var MapCache = require('./_MapCache');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is\n * provided, it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the\n * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument\n * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func`\n * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function.\n *\n * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized\n * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`\n * constructor with one whose instances implement the\n * [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)\n * method interface of `clear`, `delete`, `get`, `has`, and `set`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.\n * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };\n * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };\n *\n * var values = _.memoize(_.values);\n * values(object);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * values(other);\n * // => [3, 4]\n *\n * object.a = 2;\n * values(object);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * // Modify the result cache.\n * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);\n * values(object);\n * // => ['a', 'b']\n *\n * // Replace `_.memoize.Cache`.\n * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;\n */\nfunction memoize(func, resolver) {\n  if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver != null && typeof resolver != 'function')) {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  var memoized = function() {\n    var args = arguments,\n        key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],\n        cache = memoized.cache;\n\n    if (cache.has(key)) {\n      return cache.get(key);\n    }\n    var result = func.apply(this, args);\n    memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result) || cache;\n    return result;\n  };\n  memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || MapCache);\n  return memoized;\n}\n\n// Expose `MapCache`.\nmemoize.Cache = MapCache;\n\nmodule.exports = memoize;\n","var baseExtremum = require('./_baseExtremum'),\n    baseLt = require('./_baseLt'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * Computes the minimum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,\n * `undefined` is returned.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Math\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 2\n *\n * _.min([]);\n * // => undefined\n */\nfunction min(array) {\n  return (array && array.length)\n    ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseLt)\n    : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = min;\n","/**\n * This method returns `undefined`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.3.0\n * @category Util\n * @example\n *\n * _.times(2, _.noop);\n * // => [undefined, undefined]\n */\nfunction noop() {\n  // No operation performed.\n}\n\nmodule.exports = noop;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/**\n * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since\n * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Date\n * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.\n * @example\n *\n * _.defer(function(stamp) {\n *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);\n * }, _.now());\n * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation.\n */\nvar now = function() {\n  return root.Date.now();\n};\n\nmodule.exports = now;\n","var baseProperty = require('./_baseProperty'),\n    basePropertyDeep = require('./_basePropertyDeep'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that returns the value at `path` of a given object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Util\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n * @example\n *\n * var objects = [\n *   { 'a': { 'b': 2 } },\n *   { 'a': { 'b': 1 } }\n * ];\n *\n * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b'));\n * // => [2, 1]\n *\n * _.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b'])), 'a.b');\n * // => [1, 2]\n */\nfunction property(path) {\n  return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(toKey(path)) : basePropertyDeep(path);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = property;\n","var createRange = require('./_createRange');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from\n * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. A step of `-1` is used if a negative\n * `start` is specified without an `end` or `step`. If `end` is not specified,\n * it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.\n *\n * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving\n * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Util\n * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.\n * @param {number} end The end of the range.\n * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.\n * @see _.inRange, _.rangeRight\n * @example\n *\n * _.range(4);\n * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]\n *\n * _.range(-4);\n * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 5);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]\n *\n * _.range(0, 20, 5);\n * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]\n *\n * _.range(0, -4, -1);\n * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 4, 0);\n * // => [1, 1, 1]\n *\n * _.range(0);\n * // => []\n */\nvar range = createRange();\n\nmodule.exports = range;\n","var arraySome = require('./_arraySome'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseSome = require('./_baseSome'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.\n * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is\n * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);\n * // => true\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });\n * // => false\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => true\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, 'active');\n * // => true\n */\nfunction some(collection, predicate, guard) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;\n  if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {\n    predicate = undefined;\n  }\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(predicate, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = some;\n","var baseFlatten = require('./_baseFlatten'),\n    baseOrderBy = require('./_baseOrderBy'),\n    baseRest = require('./_baseRest'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of\n * running each element in a collection thru each iteratee. This method\n * performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of\n * equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]\n *  The iteratees to sort by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 30 },\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.sortBy(users, [function(o) { return o.user; }]);\n * // => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 30]]\n *\n * _.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']);\n * // => objects for [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 48]]\n */\nvar sortBy = baseRest(function(collection, iteratees) {\n  if (collection == null) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  var length = iteratees.length;\n  if (length > 1 && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratees[0], iteratees[1])) {\n    iteratees = [];\n  } else if (length > 2 && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], iteratees[2])) {\n    iteratees = [iteratees[0]];\n  }\n  return baseOrderBy(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees, 1), []);\n});\n\nmodule.exports = sortBy;\n","/**\n * This method returns a new empty array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.13.0\n * @category Util\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new empty array.\n * @example\n *\n * var arrays = _.times(2, _.stubArray);\n *\n * console.log(arrays);\n * // => [[], []]\n *\n * console.log(arrays[0] === arrays[1]);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction stubArray() {\n  return [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stubArray;\n","/**\n * This method returns `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.13.0\n * @category Util\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.times(2, _.stubFalse);\n * // => [false, false]\n */\nfunction stubFalse() {\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stubFalse;\n","var debounce = require('./debounce'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/**\n * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per\n * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`\n * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to\n * immediately invoke them. Provide `options` to indicate whether `func`\n * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`\n * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the\n * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the\n * result of the last `func` invocation.\n *\n * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is\n * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function\n * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred\n * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.\n *\n * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)\n * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.\n * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.\n * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.\n * @example\n *\n * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.\n * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));\n *\n * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.\n * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });\n * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);\n *\n * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.\n * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);\n */\nfunction throttle(func, wait, options) {\n  var leading = true,\n      trailing = true;\n\n  if (typeof func != 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  if (isObject(options)) {\n    leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;\n    trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;\n  }\n  return debounce(func, wait, {\n    'leading': leading,\n    'maxWait': wait,\n    'trailing': trailing\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = throttle;\n","var toNumber = require('./toNumber');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0,\n    MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a finite number.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.12.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toFinite(3.2);\n * // => 3.2\n *\n * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 5e-324\n *\n * _.toFinite(Infinity);\n * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308\n *\n * _.toFinite('3.2');\n * // => 3.2\n */\nfunction toFinite(value) {\n  if (!value) {\n    return value === 0 ? value : 0;\n  }\n  value = toNumber(value);\n  if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {\n    var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);\n    return sign * MAX_INTEGER;\n  }\n  return value === value ? value : 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toFinite;\n","var toFinite = require('./toFinite');\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to an integer.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is loosely based on\n * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toInteger(3.2);\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 0\n *\n * _.toInteger(Infinity);\n * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308\n *\n * _.toInteger('3.2');\n * // => 3\n */\nfunction toInteger(value) {\n  var result = toFinite(value),\n      remainder = result % 1;\n\n  return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toInteger;\n","var baseTrim = require('./_baseTrim'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar NAN = 0 / 0;\n\n/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */\nvar reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;\n\n/** Used to detect binary string values. */\nvar reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;\n\n/** Used to detect octal string values. */\nvar reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;\n\n/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */\nvar freeParseInt = parseInt;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a number.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to process.\n * @returns {number} Returns the number.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toNumber(3.2);\n * // => 3.2\n *\n * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 5e-324\n *\n * _.toNumber(Infinity);\n * // => Infinity\n *\n * _.toNumber('3.2');\n * // => 3.2\n */\nfunction toNumber(value) {\n  if (typeof value == 'number') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (isSymbol(value)) {\n    return NAN;\n  }\n  if (isObject(value)) {\n    var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;\n    value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;\n  }\n  if (typeof value != 'string') {\n    return value === 0 ? value : +value;\n  }\n  value = baseTrim(value);\n  var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);\n  return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))\n    ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)\n    : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toNumber;\n","var baseToString = require('./_baseToString');\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`\n * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toString(null);\n * // => ''\n *\n * _.toString(-0);\n * // => '-0'\n *\n * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => '1,2,3'\n */\nfunction toString(value) {\n  return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toString;\n","var baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseUniq = require('./_baseUniq');\n\n/**\n * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is\n * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which\n * uniqueness is computed. The order of result values is determined by the\n * order they occur in the array. The iteratee is invoked with one argument:\n * (value).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.\n * @example\n *\n * _.uniqBy([2.1, 1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);\n * // => [2.1, 1.2]\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.uniqBy([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');\n * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]\n */\nfunction uniqBy(array, iteratee) {\n  return (array && array.length) ? baseUniq(array, baseIteratee(iteratee, 2)) : [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = uniqBy;\n","var createCaseFirst = require('./_createCaseFirst');\n\n/**\n * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category String\n * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n * @example\n *\n * _.upperFirst('fred');\n * // => 'Fred'\n *\n * _.upperFirst('FRED');\n * // => 'FRED'\n */\nvar upperFirst = createCaseFirst('toUpperCase');\n\nmodule.exports = upperFirst;\n","\"use strict\";\n\nvar _interopRequireDefault = require(\"@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault\");\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = addClass;\n\nvar _hasClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./hasClass\"));\n\nfunction addClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) element.classList.add(className);else if (!(0, _hasClass.default)(element, className)) if (typeof element.className === 'string') element.className = element.className + ' ' + className;else element.setAttribute('class', (element.className && element.className.baseVal || '') + ' ' + className);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = hasClass;\n\nfunction hasClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) return !!className && element.classList.contains(className);else return (\" \" + (element.className.baseVal || element.className) + \" \").indexOf(\" \" + className + \" \") !== -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","'use strict';\n\nfunction replaceClassName(origClass, classToRemove) {\n  return origClass.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\\\s)' + classToRemove + '(?:\\\\s|$)', 'g'), '$1').replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').replace(/^\\s*|\\s*$/g, '');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = function removeClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) element.classList.remove(className);else if (typeof element.className === 'string') element.className = replaceClassName(element.className, className);else element.setAttribute('class', replaceClassName(element.className && element.className.baseVal || '', className));\n};"],"sourceRoot":""}
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diff --git a/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js b/commons-b45a34d9f38c59e43d0c.js
similarity index 57%
rename from commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js
rename to commons-b45a34d9f38c59e43d0c.js
index 514076fcc..59f30912f 100644
--- a/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js
+++ b/commons-b45a34d9f38c59e43d0c.js
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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font-size: 9em;\n}\n\n.fa-10x {\n  font-size: 10em;\n}\n\n.fa-2xs {\n  font-size: 0.625em;\n  line-height: 0.1em;\n  vertical-align: 0.225em;\n}\n\n.fa-xs {\n  font-size: 0.75em;\n  line-height: 0.0833333337em;\n  vertical-align: 0.125em;\n}\n\n.fa-sm {\n  font-size: 0.875em;\n  line-height: 0.0714285718em;\n  vertical-align: 0.0535714295em;\n}\n\n.fa-lg {\n  font-size: 1.25em;\n  line-height: 0.05em;\n  vertical-align: -0.075em;\n}\n\n.fa-xl {\n  font-size: 1.5em;\n  line-height: 0.0416666682em;\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\n}\n\n.fa-2xl {\n  font-size: 2em;\n  line-height: 0.03125em;\n  vertical-align: -0.1875em;\n}\n\n.fa-fw {\n  text-align: center;\n  width: 1.25em;\n}\n\n.fa-ul {\n  list-style-type: none;\n  margin-left: var(--fa-li-margin, 2.5em);\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n.fa-ul > li {\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.fa-li {\n  left: calc(var(--fa-li-width, 2em) * -1);\n  position: absolute;\n  text-align: center;\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\n  line-height: inherit;\n}\n\n.fa-border {\n  border-color: var(--fa-border-color, #eee);\n  border-radius: var(--fa-border-radius, 0.1em);\n  border-style: var(--fa-border-style, solid);\n  border-width: var(--fa-border-width, 0.08em);\n  padding: var(--fa-border-padding, 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em);\n}\n\n.fa-pull-left {\n  float: left;\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\n}\n\n.fa-pull-right {\n  float: right;\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\n}\n\n.fa-beat {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat;\n          animation-name: fa-beat;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n}\n\n.fa-bounce {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-bounce;\n          animation-name: fa-bounce;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-fade {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-fade;\n          animation-name: fa-fade;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-beat-fade {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\n          animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-flip {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-flip;\n          animation-name: fa-flip;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n}\n\n.fa-shake {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-shake;\n          animation-name: fa-shake;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n}\n\n.fa-spin {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n}\n\n.fa-spin-reverse {\n  --fa-animation-direction: reverse;\n}\n\n.fa-pulse,\n.fa-spin-pulse {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\n}\n\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  .fa-beat,\n.fa-bounce,\n.fa-fade,\n.fa-beat-fade,\n.fa-flip,\n.fa-pulse,\n.fa-shake,\n.fa-spin,\n.fa-spin-pulse {\n    -webkit-animation-delay: -1ms;\n            animation-delay: -1ms;\n    -webkit-animation-duration: 1ms;\n            animation-duration: 1ms;\n    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: 1;\n            animation-iteration-count: 1;\n    transition-delay: 0s;\n    transition-duration: 0s;\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat {\n  0%, 90% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  45% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-beat {\n  0%, 90% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  45% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-bounce {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  10% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  30% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n  }\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  57% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n  }\n  64% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-bounce {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  10% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  30% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n  }\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  57% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n  }\n  64% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-fade {\n  50% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-fade {\n  50% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat-fade {\n  0%, 100% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  50% {\n    opacity: 1;\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-beat-fade {\n  0%, 100% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  50% {\n    opacity: 1;\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-flip {\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-flip {\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-shake {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\n  }\n  4% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\n  }\n  8%, 24% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\n  }\n  12%, 28% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\n  }\n  16% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\n  }\n  20% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\n  }\n  32% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\n  }\n  36% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\n  }\n  40%, 100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-shake {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\n  }\n  4% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\n  }\n  8%, 24% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\n  }\n  12%, 28% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\n  }\n  16% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\n  }\n  20% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\n  }\n  32% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\n  }\n  36% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\n  }\n  40%, 100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-spin {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\n  }\n}\n.fa-rotate-90 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);\n          transform: rotate(90deg);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-180 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);\n          transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-270 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);\n          transform: rotate(270deg);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-horizontal {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, 1);\n          transform: scale(-1, 1);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-vertical {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(1, -1);\n          transform: scale(1, -1);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-both,\n.fa-flip-horizontal.fa-flip-vertical {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, -1);\n          transform: scale(-1, -1);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-by {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\n          transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\n}\n\n.fa-stack {\n  display: inline-block;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  height: 2em;\n  position: relative;\n  width: 2.5em;\n}\n\n.fa-stack-1x,\n.fa-stack-2x {\n  bottom: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  margin: auto;\n  position: absolute;\n  right: 0;\n  top: 0;\n  z-index: var(--fa-stack-z-index, auto);\n}\n\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-1x {\n  height: 1em;\n  width: 1.25em;\n}\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-2x {\n  height: 2em;\n  width: 2.5em;\n}\n\n.fa-inverse {\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\n}\n\n.sr-only,\n.fa-sr-only {\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 1px;\n  height: 1px;\n  padding: 0;\n  margin: -1px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  border-width: 0;\n}\n\n.sr-only-focusable:not(:focus),\n.fa-sr-only-focusable:not(:focus) {\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 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e}({idx:r([6,7,8,e,[10,16,1],33,34,39,40,41,45,47,52,53]),goto:r([9,10,11,e,[16,14,1],12,1,30,13,e,[4,4,1],14,15,8])}),parseError:function(t,e,n){if(!e.recoverable)throw"function"==typeof this.trace&&this.trace(t),n||(n=this.JisonParserError),new n(t,e);"function"==typeof this.trace&&this.trace(t),e.destroy()},parse:function(t){var e,n=this,r=new Array(128),i=new Array(128),o=new Array(128),a=this.table,s=0,u=0,c=(this.TERROR,this.EOF),l=(this.options.errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount,[0,54]);e=this.__lexer__?this.__lexer__:this.__lexer__=Object.create(this.lexer);var f={parseError:void 0,quoteName:void 0,lexer:void 0,parser:void 0,pre_parse:void 0,post_parse:void 0,pre_lex:void 0,post_lex:void 0};function p(){var t=e.fastLex();return"number"!=typeof t&&(t=n.symbols_[t]||t),t||c}"function"!=typeof assert||assert,this.yyGetSharedState=function(){return f},function(t,e){for(var n in e)void 0===t[n]&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(f,this.yy),f.lexer=e,f.parser=this,"function"==typeof f.parseError?this.parseError=function(t,e,n){return n||(n=this.JisonParserError),f.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)}:this.parseError=this.originalParseError,"function"==typeof f.quoteName?this.quoteName=function(t){return f.quoteName.call(this,t)}:this.quoteName=this.originalQuoteName,this.cleanupAfterParse=function(t,n,a){var u,c;n&&((f.post_parse||this.post_parse)&&(c=this.constructParseErrorInfo(null,null,null,!1)),f.post_parse&&void 0!==(u=f.post_parse.call(this,f,t,c))&&(t=u),this.post_parse&&void 0!==(u=this.post_parse.call(this,f,t,c))&&(t=u),c&&c.destroy&&c.destroy());if(this.__reentrant_call_depth>1)return t;if(e.cleanupAfterLex&&e.cleanupAfterLex(a),f&&(f.lexer=void 0,f.parser=void 0,e.yy===f&&(e.yy=void 0)),f=void 0,this.parseError=this.originalParseError,this.quoteName=this.originalQuoteName,r.length=0,i.length=0,o.length=0,s=0,!a){for(var l=this.__error_infos.length-1;l>=0;l--){var p=this.__error_infos[l];p&&"function"==typeof p.destroy&&p.destroy()}this.__error_infos.length=0}return t},this.constructParseErrorInfo=function(t,n,a,c){var l={errStr:t,exception:n,text:e.match,value:e.yytext,token:this.describeSymbol(u)||u,token_id:u,line:e.yylineno,expected:a,recoverable:c,state:h,action:d,new_state:x,symbol_stack:r,state_stack:i,value_stack:o,stack_pointer:s,yy:f,lexer:e,parser:this,destroy:function(){var t=!!this.recoverable;for(var e in this)this.hasOwnProperty(e)&&"object"==typeof e&&(this[e]=void 0);this.recoverable=t}};return this.__error_infos.push(l),l};var h,d,v,y,m,g,b,x,w=function(){var t=e.lex();return"number"!=typeof t&&(t=n.symbols_[t]||t),t||c},k={$:!0,_$:void 0,yy:f},O=!1;try{if(this.__reentrant_call_depth++,e.setInput(t,f),"function"==typeof e.canIUse)e.canIUse().fastLex&&(w=p);for(o[s]=null,i[s]=0,r[s]=0,++s,this.pre_parse&&this.pre_parse.call(this,f),f.pre_parse&&f.pre_parse.call(this,f),x=i[s-1];;){if(h=x,this.defaultActions[h])d=2,x=this.defaultActions[h];else if(u||(u=w()),y=a[h]&&a[h][u]||l,x=y[1],!(d=y[0])){var S,E=this.describeSymbol(u)||u,A=this.collect_expected_token_set(h);S="number"==typeof e.yylineno?"Parse error on line "+(e.yylineno+1)+": ":"Parse error: ","function"==typeof e.showPosition&&(S+="\n"+e.showPosition(69,10)+"\n"),A.length?S+="Expecting "+A.join(", ")+", got unexpected "+E:S+="Unexpected "+E,m=this.constructParseErrorInfo(S,null,A,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break}switch(d){default:if(d instanceof Array){m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+h+", token: "+u,null,null,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break}m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parsing halted. No viable error recovery approach available due to internal system failure.",null,null,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break;case 1:r[s]=u,o[s]=e.yytext,i[s]=x,++s,u=0;continue;case 2:if(g=(b=this.productions_[x-1])[1],void 0!==(v=this.performAction.call(k,x,s-1,o))){O=v;break}s-=g;var j=b[0];r[s]=j,o[s]=k.$,x=a[i[s-1]][j],i[s]=x,++s;continue;case 3:-2!==s&&(O=!0,s--,void 0!==o[s]&&(O=o[s]))}break}}catch(P){if(P instanceof this.JisonParserError)throw P;if(e&&"function"==typeof e.JisonLexerError&&P instanceof e.JisonLexerError)throw P;m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parsing aborted due to exception.",P,null,!1),O=!1,void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v)}finally{O=this.cleanupAfterParse(O,!0,!0),this.__reentrant_call_depth--}return O}};i.originalParseError=i.parseError,i.originalQuoteName=i.quoteName;var o=function(){function t(t,e){var n;if(Object.defineProperty(this,"name",{enumerable:!1,writable:!1,value:"JisonLexerError"}),null==t&&(t="???"),Object.defineProperty(this,"message",{enumerable:!1,writable:!0,value:t}),this.hash=e,e&&e.exception instanceof Error){var r=e.exception;this.message=r.message||t,n=r.stack}n||(Error.hasOwnProperty("captureStackTrace")?Error.captureStackTrace(this,this.constructor):n=new Error(t).stack),n&&Object.defineProperty(this,"stack",{enumerable:!1,writable:!1,value:n})}"function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t.prototype,Error.prototype):t.prototype=Object.create(Error.prototype),t.prototype.constructor=t,t.prototype.name="JisonLexerError";var e={EOF:1,ERROR:2,__currentRuleSet__:null,__error_infos:[],__decompressed:!1,done:!1,_backtrack:!1,_input:"",_more:!1,_signaled_error_token:!1,conditionStack:[],match:"",matched:"",matches:!1,yytext:"",offset:0,yyleng:0,yylineno:0,yylloc:null,constructLexErrorInfo:function(t,e,n){if(t=""+t,null==n&&(n=!(t.indexOf("\n")>0&&t.indexOf("^")>0)),this.yylloc&&n)if("function"==typeof this.prettyPrintRange){this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);/\n\s*$/.test(t)||(t+="\n"),t+="\n  Erroneous area:\n"+this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc)}else if("function"==typeof this.showPosition){var r=this.showPosition();r&&(t.length&&"\n"!==t[t.length-1]&&"\n"!==r[0]?t+="\n"+r:t+=r)}var i={errStr:t,recoverable:!!e,text:this.match,token:null,line:this.yylineno,loc:this.yylloc,yy:this.yy,lexer:this,destroy:function(){var t=!!this.recoverable;for(var e in this)this.hasOwnProperty(e)&&"object"==typeof e&&(this[e]=void 0);this.recoverable=t}};return this.__error_infos.push(i),i},parseError:function(t,e,n){if(n||(n=this.JisonLexerError),this.yy){if(this.yy.parser&&"function"==typeof this.yy.parser.parseError)return this.yy.parser.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)||this.ERROR;if("function"==typeof this.yy.parseError)return this.yy.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)||this.ERROR}throw new n(t,e)},yyerror:function(t){var e="";this.yylloc&&(e=" on line "+(this.yylineno+1));var n=this.constructLexErrorInfo("Lexical error"+e+": "+t,this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable),r=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return r.length&&(n.extra_error_attributes=r),this.parseError(n.errStr,n,this.JisonLexerError)||this.ERROR},cleanupAfterLex:function(t){if(this.setInput("",{}),!t){for(var e=this.__error_infos.length-1;e>=0;e--){var n=this.__error_infos[e];n&&"function"==typeof n.destroy&&n.destroy()}this.__error_infos.length=0}return this},clear:function(){this.yytext="",this.yyleng=0,this.match="",this.matches=!1,this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1;var t=this.yylloc?this.yylloc.last_column:0;this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:t,last_line:this.yylineno+1,last_column:t,range:[this.offset,this.offset]}},setInput:function(t,e){if(this.yy=e||this.yy||{},!this.__decompressed){for(var n=this.rules,r=0,i=n.length;r<i;r++){"number"==typeof(p=n[r])&&(n[r]=n[p])}var o=this.conditions;for(var a in o){var s=o[a],u=s.rules,c=(i=u.length,new Array(i+1)),l=new Array(i+1);for(r=0;r<i;r++){var f=u[r],p=n[f];c[r+1]=p,l[r+1]=f}s.rules=l,s.__rule_regexes=c,s.__rule_count=i}this.__decompressed=!0}return this._input=t||"",this.clear(),this._signaled_error_token=!1,this.done=!1,this.yylineno=0,this.matched="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.__currentRuleSet__=null,this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0,range:[0,0]},this.offset=0,this},editRemainingInput:function(t,e){var n=t.call(this,this._input,e);return"string"!=typeof n?n&&(this._input=""+n):this._input=n,this},input:function(){if(!this._input)return null;var t=this._input[0];this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t;var e=1,n=!1;if("\n"===t)n=!0;else if("\r"===t){n=!0;var r=this._input[1];"\n"===r&&(e++,t+=r,this.yytext+=r,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=r,this.matched+=r,this.yylloc.range[1]++)}return n?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++,this.yylloc.last_column=0):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(e),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);if(this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.offset-=e,this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-e),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-e),n.length>1){this.yylineno-=n.length-1,this.yylloc.last_line=this.yylineno+1;var r=this.match,i=r.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);1===i.length&&(i=(r=this.matched).split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g)),this.yylloc.last_column=i[i.length-1].length}else this.yylloc.last_column-=e;return this.yylloc.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[0]+this.yyleng,this.done=!1,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){if(this.options.backtrack_lexer)this._backtrack=!0;else{var t="";this.yylloc&&(t=" on line "+(this.yylineno+1));var e=this.constructLexErrorInfo("Lexical error"+t+": You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).",!1);this._signaled_error_token=this.parseError(e.errStr,e,this.JisonLexerError)||this.ERROR}return this},less:function(t){return this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(t,e){var n=this.matched.substring(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);t<0?t=n.length:t||(t=20),e<0?e=n.length:e||(e=1);var r=(n=n.substr(2*-t-2)).replace(/\r\n|\r/g,"\n").split("\n");return(n=(r=r.slice(-e)).join("\n")).length>t&&(n="..."+n.substr(-t)),n},upcomingInput:function(t,e){var n=this.match;t<0?t=n.length+this._input.length:t||(t=20),e<0?e=t:e||(e=1),n.length<2*t+2&&(n+=this._input.substring(0,2*t+2));var r=n.replace(/\r\n|\r/g,"\n").split("\n");return(n=(r=r.slice(0,e)).join("\n")).length>t&&(n=n.substring(0,t)+"..."),n},showPosition:function(t,e){var n=this.pastInput(t).replace(/\s/g," "),r=new Array(n.length+1).join("-");return n+this.upcomingInput(e).replace(/\s/g," ")+"\n"+r+"^"},deriveLocationInfo:function(t,e,n,r){var i={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0,range:[0,0]};return t&&(i.first_line=0|t.first_line,i.last_line=0|t.last_line,i.first_column=0|t.first_column,i.last_column=0|t.last_column,t.range&&(i.range[0]=0|t.range[0],i.range[1]=0|t.range[1])),(i.first_line<=0||i.last_line<i.first_line)&&(i.first_line<=0&&e&&(i.first_line=0|e.last_line,i.first_column=0|e.last_column,e.range&&(i.range[0]=0|t.range[1])),(i.last_line<=0||i.last_line<i.first_line)&&n&&(i.last_line=0|n.first_line,i.last_column=0|n.first_column,n.range&&(i.range[1]=0|t.range[0])),i.first_line<=0&&r&&(i.last_line<=0||r.last_line<=i.last_line)&&(i.first_line=0|r.first_line,i.first_column=0|r.first_column,r.range&&(i.range[0]=0|r.range[0])),i.last_line<=0&&r&&(i.first_line<=0||r.first_line>=i.first_line)&&(i.last_line=0|r.last_line,i.last_column=0|r.last_column,r.range&&(i.range[1]=0|r.range[1]))),i.last_line<=0&&(i.first_line<=0?(i.first_line=this.yylloc.first_line,i.last_line=this.yylloc.last_line,i.first_column=this.yylloc.first_column,i.last_column=this.yylloc.last_column,i.range[0]=this.yylloc.range[0],i.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[1]):(i.last_line=this.yylloc.last_line,i.last_column=this.yylloc.last_column,i.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[1])),i.first_line<=0&&(i.first_line=i.last_line,i.first_column=0,i.range[1]=i.range[0]),i.first_column<0&&(i.first_column=0),i.last_column<0&&(i.last_column=i.first_column>0?i.first_column:80),i},prettyPrintRange:function(t,e,n){t=this.deriveLocationInfo(t,e,n);var r=(this.matched+this._input).split("\n"),i=Math.max(1,e?e.first_line:t.first_line-3),o=Math.max(1,n?n.last_line:t.last_line+1),a=1+Math.log10(1|o)|0,s=new Array(a).join(" "),u=[],c=r.slice(i-1,o+1).map((function(e,n){var r=n+i,o=(s+r).substr(-a)+": "+e,c=new Array(a+1).join("^"),l=3,f=0;(r===t.first_line?(l+=t.first_column,f=Math.max(2,(r===t.last_line?t.last_column:e.length)-t.first_column+1)):r===t.last_line?f=Math.max(2,t.last_column+1):r>t.first_line&&r<t.last_line&&(f=Math.max(2,e.length+1)),f)&&(o+="\n"+c+new Array(l).join(".")+new Array(f).join("^"),e.trim().length>0&&u.push(n));return o=o.replace(/\t/g," ")}));if(u.length>4){var l=u[1]+1,f=u[u.length-2]-1,p=new Array(a+1).join(" ")+"  (...continued...)";p+="\n"+new Array(a+1).join("-")+"  (---------------)",c.splice(l,f-l+1,p)}return c.join("\n")},describeYYLLOC:function(t,e){var n,r=t.first_line,i=t.last_line,o=t.first_column,a=t.last_column;if(0===i-r?(n="line "+r+", ",n+=a-o<=1?"column "+o:"columns "+o+" .. "+a):n="lines "+r+"(column "+o+") .. "+i+"(column "+a+")",t.range&&e){var s=t.range[0],u=t.range[1]-1;n+=u<=s?" {String Offset: "+s+"}":" {String Offset range: "+s+" .. "+u+"}"}return n},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i,o,a;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylloc.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column,range:this.yylloc.range.slice(0)},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done}),a=(o=t[0]).length,(r=o.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g)).length>1?(this.yylineno+=r.length-1,this.yylloc.last_line=this.yylineno+1,this.yylloc.last_column=r[r.length-1].length):this.yylloc.last_column+=a,this.yytext+=o,this.match+=o,this.matched+=o,this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.yylloc.range[1]+=a,this.offset+=a,this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(a),n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return 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Esimerkkitulosteen ylläoleva koodi sisältää rivin System.out.println(\\"Syötä liukuluku\\");, mutta esimerkkitulosteessa lukee \\"Juota liukuluku\\"\\".","reportIssueList4":"Paina lopuksi vihreää nappia \\"Submit new issue\\".","editPageTitle":"Näin lähetät muutosehdotuksen materiaaliin","editPageButtonText":"Muokkaa sivua ","editPageSecondHeader":"Lähetä muutosehdotus näin","editPage1":"Voit lähettää muutosehdotuksen kurssin Github-projekiin. Github on yleinen palvelu, jossa voi hallinnoida ja jakaa muille projekteja, ohjelmistoja ja lähdekoodia.","editPage2":"Muutosehdotusten lähettäminen vaatii käyttäjätunnukset Githubiin. 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Voit hakea sopivaa kohtaa painamalla näppäinyhdistelmää Ctrl+f ja kirjoittamalla hakukenttään sopivan hakutermin.","editPageList4":"Selaa sivun alareunaan, ja kirjoita osioon \\"Propose file change\\" lyhyt ja ytimekäs otsikko, esimerkiksi \\"Kappaleen 2 kirjoitusvirheen korjaus\\".","editPageList5":"Paina vihreää nappia \\"Propose file change\\".","editPageList6":"Paina avautuvalta sivulta nappia \\"New Pull Request\\".","difficultyHeader":"Vaikeustaso: -","difficultyHeader1":"Vaikeustaso: Helppo","difficultyHeader2":"Vaikeustaso: Kohtalainen","difficultyHeader3":"Vaikeustaso: Vaikea"}'),"points-balloon":JSON.parse('{"gotPoints":"Saadut pisteet: ","maxPoints":"Maksimipisteet: ","programmingService":"Ohjelmointitehtävät","quizService":"Kyselyt","totalPoints":"Tehtäväpisteet yhteensä","progressTotal":"Osasta saadut kurssipisteet: ","noTimeLimit":"Olet aikatauluttomalla kurssilla, josta ei voi hakea opinto-oikeutta.","canApplyForStudyRight":"Opinto-oikeuteen vaaditaan 90% aikataulutetun kurssin ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä. 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u=n.children,c=n.layout,f=n.stackOffset,h=n.data,v=n.reverseStackOrder,y=jy(c),m=y.numericAxisName,g=y.cateAxisName,b=is(u,i),x=function(t,e,n,r,i,o){if(!t)return null;var a=(o?e.reverse():e).reduce((function(t,e){var i=e.props,o=i.stackId;if(i.hide)return t;var a=e.props[n],s=t[a]||{hasStack:!1,stackGroups:{}};if(kr(o)){var u=s.stackGroups[o]||{numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:[]};u.items.push(e),s.hasStack=!0,s.stackGroups[o]=u}else s.stackGroups[Sr("_stackId_")]={numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:[e]};return Id(Id({},t),{},Rd({},a,s))}),{});return Object.keys(a).reduce((function(e,o){var s=a[o];return s.hasStack&&(s.stackGroups=Object.keys(s.stackGroups).reduce((function(e,o){var a=s.stackGroups[o];return Id(Id({},e),{},Rd({},o,{numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:a.items,stackedData:qd(t,a.items,i)}))}),{})),Id(Id({},e),{},Rd({},o,s))}),{})}(h,b,"".concat(m,"Id"),"".concat(g,"Id"),f,v),w=l.reduce((function(t,e){var r="".concat(e.axisType,"Map");return 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n=e.props.onMouseUp;ve()(n)&&n(e.getMouseInfo(t),t)},e.handleTouchMove=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseMove(t.changedTouches[0])},e.handleTouchStart=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseDown(t.changedTouches[0])},e.handleTouchEnd=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseUp(t.changedTouches[0])},e.verticalCoordinatesGenerator=function(t){var e=t.xAxis,n=t.width,r=t.height,i=t.offset;return Zd(fu.getTicks(dy(dy(dy({},fu.defaultProps),e),{},{ticks:Vd(e,!0),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:n,height:r}})),i.left,i.left+i.width)},e.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator=function(t){var e=t.yAxis,n=t.width,r=t.height,i=t.offset;return Zd(fu.getTicks(dy(dy(dy({},fu.defaultProps),e),{},{ticks:Vd(e,!0),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:n,height:r}})),i.top,i.top+i.height)},e.axesTicksGenerator=function(t){return Vd(t,!0)},e.renderCursor=function(t){var n=e.state,i=n.isTooltipActive,a=n.activeCoordinate,s=n.activePayload,u=n.offset,c=n.activeTooltipIndex,l=e.getTooltipEventType();if(!t||!t.props.cursor||!i||!a||"ScatterChart"!==r&&"axis"!==l)return null;var f,p=e.props.layout,h=ta;if("ScatterChart"===r)f=a,h=ca;else if("BarChart"===r)f=e.getCursorRectangle(),h=Xa;else if("radial"===p){var d=e.getCursorPoints(),v=d.cx,y=d.cy,m=d.radius;f={cx:v,cy:y,startAngle:d.startAngle,endAngle:d.endAngle,innerRadius:m,outerRadius:m},h=_a}else f={points:e.getCursorPoints()},h=ta;var g=t.key||"_recharts-cursor",b=dy(dy(dy(dy({stroke:"#ccc",pointerEvents:"none"},u),f),Fe(t.props.cursor)),{},{payload:s,payloadIndex:c,key:g,className:"recharts-tooltip-cursor"});return(0,o.isValidElement)(t.props.cursor)?(0,o.cloneElement)(t.props.cursor,b):(0,o.createElement)(h,b)},e.renderPolarAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=we()(t,"type.axisType"),a=we()(e.state,"".concat(i,"Map"))[t.props["".concat(i,"Id")]];return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({},a),{},{className:i,key:t.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),ticks:Vd(a,!0)}))},e.renderXAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=e.state.xAxisMap[t.props.xAxisId];return e.renderAxis(i,t,n,r)},e.renderYAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=e.state.yAxisMap[t.props.yAxisId];return e.renderAxis(i,t,n,r)},e.renderGrid=function(t){var n=e.state,r=n.xAxisMap,i=n.yAxisMap,a=n.offset,s=e.props,u=s.width,c=s.height,l=Ar(r),f=he()(i,(function(t){return 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t=e.state.formattedGraphicalItems,n=e.props,r=n.children,i=n.width,a=n.height,s=e.props.margin||{},u=i-(s.left||0)-(s.right||0),c=Fd({children:r,formattedGraphicalItems:t,legendWidth:u,legendContent:f});if(!c)return null;var l=c.item,p=ry(c,["item"]);return(0,o.cloneElement)(l,dy(dy({},p),{},{chartWidth:i,chartHeight:a,margin:s,ref:function(t){e.legendInstance=t},onBBoxUpdate:e.handleLegendBBoxUpdate}))},e.renderTooltip=function(){var t=e.props.children,n=os(t,ni.displayName);if(!n)return null;var r=e.state,i=r.isTooltipActive,a=r.activeCoordinate,s=r.activePayload,u=r.activeLabel,c=r.offset;return(0,o.cloneElement)(n,{viewBox:dy(dy({},c),{},{x:c.left,y:c.top}),active:i,label:u,payload:i?s:[],coordinate:a})},e.renderBrush=function(t){var n=e.props,r=n.margin,i=n.data,a=e.state,s=a.offset,u=a.dataStartIndex,c=a.dataEndIndex,l=a.updateId;return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,{key:t.key||"_recharts-brush",onChange:Gd(e.handleBrushChange,null,t.props.onChange),data:i,x:wr(t.props.x)?t.props.x:s.left,y:wr(t.props.y)?t.props.y:s.top+s.height+s.brushBottom-(r.bottom||0),width:wr(t.props.width)?t.props.width:s.width,startIndex:u,endIndex:c,updateId:"brush-".concat(l)})},e.renderReferenceElement=function(t,n,r){if(!t)return null;var i=uy(e).clipPathId,a=e.state,s=a.xAxisMap,u=a.yAxisMap,c=a.offset,l=t.props,f=l.xAxisId,p=l.yAxisId;return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,{key:t.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),xAxis:s[f],yAxis:u[p],viewBox:{x:c.left,y:c.top,width:c.width,height:c.height},clipPathId:i})},e.renderActivePoints=function(t){var e=t.item,n=t.activePoint,r=t.basePoint,i=t.childIndex,o=t.isRange,a=[],s=e.props.key,c=e.item.props,l=c.activeDot,f=dy(dy({index:i,dataKey:c.dataKey,cx:n.x,cy:n.y,r:4,fill:Ld(e.item),strokeWidth:2,stroke:"#fff",payload:n.payload,value:n.value,key:"".concat(s,"-activePoint-").concat(i)},Fe(l)),Be(l));return a.push(u.renderActiveDot(l,f)),r?a.push(u.renderActiveDot(l,dy(dy({},f),{},{cx:r.x,cy:r.y,key:"".concat(s,"-basePoint-").concat(i)}))):o&&a.push(null),a},e.renderGraphicChild=function(t,n,r){var i=e.filterFormatItem(t,n,r);if(!i)return null;var a=e.getTooltipEventType(),s=e.state,u=s.isTooltipActive,c=s.tooltipAxis,l=s.activeTooltipIndex,f=s.activeLabel,p=e.props.children,h=os(p,ni.displayName),d=i.props,v=d.points,y=d.isRange,m=d.baseLine,g=i.item.props,b=g.activeDot,x=!g.hide&&u&&h&&b&&l>=0,w={};"axis"!==a&&h&&"click"===h.props.trigger?w={onClick:Gd(e.handleItemMouseEnter,null,t.props.onCLick)}:"axis"!==a&&(w={onMouseLeave:Gd(e.handleItemMouseLeave,null,t.props.onMouseLeave),onMouseEnter:Gd(e.handleItemMouseEnter,null,t.props.onMouseEnter)});var k=(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({},i.props),w));if(x){var O,S;if(c.dataKey&&!c.allowDuplicatedCategory){var E="function"==typeof c.dataKey?function(t){return"function"==typeof c.dataKey?c.dataKey(t.payload):null}:"payload.".concat(c.dataKey.toString());O=Pr(v,E,f),S=y&&m&&Pr(m,E,f)}else O=v[l],S=y&&m&&m[l];if(!Ee()(O))return[k].concat(ly(e.renderActivePoints({item:i,activePoint:O,basePoint:S,childIndex:l,isRange:y})))}return y?[k,null,null]:[k,null]},e.renderCustomized=function(t,n,r){return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({key:"recharts-customized-".concat(r)},e.props),e.state))},e.uniqueChartId=Ee()(t.id)?Sr("recharts"):t.id,e.clipPathId="".concat(e.uniqueChartId,"-clip"),t.throttleDelay&&(e.triggeredAfterMouseMove=me()(e.triggeredAfterMouseMove,t.throttleDelay)),e.state={},e}return e=u,n=[{key:"componentDidMount",value:function(){Ee()(this.props.syncId)||this.addListener()}},{key:"componentDidUpdate",value:function(t){Ee()(t.syncId)&&!Ee()(this.props.syncId)&&this.addListener(),!Ee()(t.syncId)&&Ee()(this.props.syncId)&&this.removeListener()}},{key:"componentWillUnmount",value:function(){this.clearDeferId(),Ee()(this.props.syncId)||this.removeListener(),this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove()}},{key:"cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove",value:function(){"function"==typeof this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel&&this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel()}},{key:"getTooltipEventType",value:function(){var t=os(this.props.children,ni.displayName);if(t&&je()(t.props.shared)){var e=t.props.shared?"axis":"item";return c.indexOf(e)>=0?e:s}return s}},{key:"getMouseInfo",value:function(t){if(!this.container)return null;var e,n,r,i=function(t,e){return{chartX:Math.round(t.pageX-e.left),chartY:Math.round(t.pageY-e.top)}}(t,(e=this.container,n=e.ownerDocument.documentElement,r={top:0,left:0},void 0!==e.getBoundingClientRect&&(r=e.getBoundingClientRect()),{top:r.top+window.pageYOffset-n.clientTop,left:r.left+window.pageXOffset-n.clientLeft})),o=this.inRange(i.chartX,i.chartY);if(!o)return null;var a=this.state,s=a.xAxisMap,u=a.yAxisMap;if("axis"!==this.getTooltipEventType()&&s&&u){var c=Ar(s).scale,l=Ar(u).scale,f=c&&c.invert?c.invert(i.chartX):null,p=l&&l.invert?l.invert(i.chartY):null;return dy(dy({},i),{},{xValue:f,yValue:p})}var h=Oy(this.state,this.props.data,this.props.layout,o);return h?dy(dy({},i),h):null}},{key:"getCursorRectangle",value:function(){var t=this.props.layout,e=this.state,n=e.activeCoordinate,r=e.offset,i=e.tooltipAxisBandSize,o=i/2;return{stroke:"none",fill:"#ccc",x:"horizontal"===t?n.x-o:r.left+.5,y:"horizontal"===t?r.top+.5:n.y-o,width:"horizontal"===t?i:r.width-1,height:"horizontal"===t?r.height-1:i}}},{key:"getCursorPoints",value:function(){var t,e,n,r,i=this.props.layout,o=this.state,a=o.activeCoordinate,s=o.offset;if("horizontal"===i)n=t=a.x,e=s.top,r=s.top+s.height;else if("vertical"===i)r=e=a.y,t=s.left,n=s.left+s.width;else if(!Ee()(a.cx)||!Ee()(a.cy)){if("centric"!==i){var u=a.cx,c=a.cy,l=a.radius,f=a.startAngle,p=a.endAngle;return{points:[va(u,c,l,f),va(u,c,l,p)],cx:u,cy:c,radius:l,startAngle:f,endAngle:p}}var h=a.cx,d=a.cy,v=a.innerRadius,y=a.outerRadius,m=a.angle,g=va(h,d,v,m),b=va(h,d,y,m);t=g.x,e=g.y,n=b.x,r=b.y}return[{x:t,y:e},{x:n,y:r}]}},{key:"inRange",value:function(t,e){var n=this.props.layout;if("horizontal"===n||"vertical"===n){var r=this.state.offset;return t>=r.left&&t<=r.left+r.width&&e>=r.top&&e<=r.top+r.height?{x:t,y:e}:null}var i=this.state,o=i.angleAxisMap,a=i.radiusAxisMap;if(o&&a){var s=Ar(o);return ga({x:t,y:e},s)}return null}},{key:"parseEventsOfWrapper",value:function(){var t=this.props.children,e=this.getTooltipEventType(),n=os(t,ni.displayName),r={};return n&&"axis"===e&&(r="click"===n.props.trigger?{onClick:this.handleClick}:{onMouseEnter:this.handleMouseEnter,onMouseMove:this.handleMouseMove,onMouseLeave:this.handleMouseLeave,onTouchMove:this.handleTouchMove,onTouchStart:this.handleTouchStart,onTouchEnd:this.handleTouchEnd}),dy(dy({},Be(this.props,this.handleOuterEvent)),r)}},{key:"addListener",value:function(){Qv.on($v,this.handleReceiveSyncEvent),Qv.setMaxListeners&&Qv._maxListeners&&Qv.setMaxListeners(Qv._maxListeners+1)}},{key:"removeListener",value:function(){Qv.removeListener($v,this.handleReceiveSyncEvent),Qv.setMaxListeners&&Qv._maxListeners&&Qv.setMaxListeners(Qv._maxListeners-1)}},{key:"triggerSyncEvent",value:function(t){var e=this.props.syncId;Ee()(e)||Qv.emit($v,e,this.uniqueChartId,t)}},{key:"applySyncEvent",value:function(t){var e=this.props,n=e.layout,r=e.syncMethod,i=this.state.updateId,o=t.dataStartIndex,a=t.dataEndIndex;if(Ee()(t.dataStartIndex)&&Ee()(t.dataEndIndex))if(Ee()(t.activeTooltipIndex))this.setState(t);else{var s=t.chartX,u=t.chartY,c=t.activeTooltipIndex,l=this.state,f=l.offset,p=l.tooltipTicks;if(!f)return;if("function"==typeof r)c=r(p,t);else if("value"===r){c=-1;for(var h=0;h<p.length;h++)if(p[h].value===t.activeLabel){c=h;break}}var d=dy(dy({},f),{},{x:f.left,y:f.top}),y=Math.min(s,d.x+d.width),m=Math.min(u,d.y+d.height),g=p[c]&&p[c].value,b=ky(this.state,this.props.data,c),x=p[c]?{x:"horizontal"===n?p[c].coordinate:y,y:"horizontal"===n?m:p[c].coordinate}:my;this.setState(dy(dy({},t),{},{activeLabel:g,activeCoordinate:x,activePayload:b,activeTooltipIndex:c}))}else this.setState(dy({dataStartIndex:o,dataEndIndex:a},v({props:this.props,dataStartIndex:o,dataEndIndex:a,updateId:i},this.state)))}},{key:"filterFormatItem",value:function(t,e,n){for(var r=this.state.formattedGraphicalItems,i=0,o=r.length;i<o;i++){var a=r[i];if(a.item===t||a.props.key===t.key||e===ts(a.item.type)&&n===a.childIndex)return a}return null}},{key:"renderAxis",value:function(t,e,n,r){var i=this.props,a=i.width,s=i.height;return o.createElement(fu,ny({},t,{className:"recharts-".concat(t.axisType," ").concat(t.axisType),key:e.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:a,height:s},ticksGenerator:this.axesTicksGenerator}))}},{key:"renderClipPath",value:function(){var t=this.clipPathId,e=this.state.offset,n=e.left,r=e.top,i=e.height,a=e.width;return o.createElement("defs",null,o.createElement("clipPath",{id:t},o.createElement("rect",{x:n,y:r,height:i,width:a})))}},{key:"getXScales",value:function(){var t=this.state.xAxisMap;return t?Object.entries(t).reduce((function(t,e){var n=ey(e,2),r=n[0],i=n[1];return dy(dy({},t),{},vy({},r,i.scale))}),{}):null}},{key:"getYScales",value:function(){var t=this.state.yAxisMap;return 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dy(dy(dy({},c),{},{updateId:0},v(dy(dy({props:t},c),{},{updateId:0}),e)),{},{prevData:n,prevWidth:i,prevHeight:o,prevLayout:a,prevStackOffset:s,prevMargin:u,prevChildren:r})}if(n!==e.prevData||i!==e.prevWidth||o!==e.prevHeight||a!==e.prevLayout||s!==e.prevStackOffset||!Ja(u,e.prevMargin)){var l=Ay(t),f={chartX:e.chartX,chartY:e.chartY,isTooltipActive:e.isTooltipActive},p=dy(dy({},Oy(e,n,a)),{},{updateId:e.updateId+1}),h=dy(dy(dy({},l),f),p);return dy(dy(dy({},h),v(dy({props:t},h),e)),{},{prevData:n,prevWidth:i,prevHeight:o,prevLayout:a,prevStackOffset:s,prevMargin:u,prevChildren:r})}if(!cs(r,e.prevChildren)){var d=!Ee()(n)?e.updateId:e.updateId+1;return dy(dy({updateId:d},v(dy(dy({props:t},e),{},{updateId:d}),e)),{},{prevChildren:r})}return null},e.renderActiveDot=function(t,e){var n;return 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font-size: 9em;\n}\n\n.fa-10x {\n  font-size: 10em;\n}\n\n.fa-2xs {\n  font-size: 0.625em;\n  line-height: 0.1em;\n  vertical-align: 0.225em;\n}\n\n.fa-xs {\n  font-size: 0.75em;\n  line-height: 0.0833333337em;\n  vertical-align: 0.125em;\n}\n\n.fa-sm {\n  font-size: 0.875em;\n  line-height: 0.0714285718em;\n  vertical-align: 0.0535714295em;\n}\n\n.fa-lg {\n  font-size: 1.25em;\n  line-height: 0.05em;\n  vertical-align: -0.075em;\n}\n\n.fa-xl {\n  font-size: 1.5em;\n  line-height: 0.0416666682em;\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\n}\n\n.fa-2xl {\n  font-size: 2em;\n  line-height: 0.03125em;\n  vertical-align: -0.1875em;\n}\n\n.fa-fw {\n  text-align: center;\n  width: 1.25em;\n}\n\n.fa-ul {\n  list-style-type: none;\n  margin-left: var(--fa-li-margin, 2.5em);\n  padding-left: 0;\n}\n.fa-ul > li {\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.fa-li {\n  left: calc(var(--fa-li-width, 2em) * -1);\n  position: absolute;\n  text-align: center;\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\n  line-height: inherit;\n}\n\n.fa-border {\n  border-color: var(--fa-border-color, #eee);\n  border-radius: var(--fa-border-radius, 0.1em);\n  border-style: var(--fa-border-style, solid);\n  border-width: var(--fa-border-width, 0.08em);\n  padding: var(--fa-border-padding, 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em);\n}\n\n.fa-pull-left {\n  float: left;\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\n}\n\n.fa-pull-right {\n  float: right;\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\n}\n\n.fa-beat {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat;\n          animation-name: fa-beat;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n}\n\n.fa-bounce {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-bounce;\n          animation-name: fa-bounce;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-fade {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-fade;\n          animation-name: fa-fade;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-beat-fade {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\n          animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\n}\n\n.fa-flip {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-flip;\n          animation-name: fa-flip;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\n}\n\n.fa-shake {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-shake;\n          animation-name: fa-shake;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n}\n\n.fa-spin {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\n}\n\n.fa-spin-reverse {\n  --fa-animation-direction: reverse;\n}\n\n.fa-pulse,\n.fa-spin-pulse {\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\n}\n\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  .fa-beat,\n.fa-bounce,\n.fa-fade,\n.fa-beat-fade,\n.fa-flip,\n.fa-pulse,\n.fa-shake,\n.fa-spin,\n.fa-spin-pulse {\n    -webkit-animation-delay: -1ms;\n            animation-delay: -1ms;\n    -webkit-animation-duration: 1ms;\n            animation-duration: 1ms;\n    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: 1;\n            animation-iteration-count: 1;\n    transition-delay: 0s;\n    transition-duration: 0s;\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat {\n  0%, 90% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  45% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-beat {\n  0%, 90% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  45% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-bounce {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  10% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  30% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n  }\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  57% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n  }\n  64% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-bounce {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  10% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  30% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\n  }\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\n  }\n  57% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\n  }\n  64% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-fade {\n  50% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-fade {\n  50% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat-fade {\n  0%, 100% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  50% {\n    opacity: 1;\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-beat-fade {\n  0%, 100% {\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\n            transform: scale(1);\n  }\n  50% {\n    opacity: 1;\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-flip {\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-flip {\n  50% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-shake {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\n  }\n  4% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\n  }\n  8%, 24% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\n  }\n  12%, 28% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\n  }\n  16% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\n  }\n  20% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\n  }\n  32% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\n  }\n  36% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\n  }\n  40%, 100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-shake {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\n  }\n  4% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\n  }\n  8%, 24% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\n  }\n  12%, 28% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\n  }\n  16% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\n  }\n  20% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\n  }\n  32% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\n  }\n  36% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\n  }\n  40%, 100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n}\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\n  }\n}\n@keyframes fa-spin {\n  0% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\n  }\n  100% {\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\n  }\n}\n.fa-rotate-90 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);\n          transform: rotate(90deg);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-180 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);\n          transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-270 {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);\n          transform: rotate(270deg);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-horizontal {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, 1);\n          transform: scale(-1, 1);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-vertical {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(1, -1);\n          transform: scale(1, -1);\n}\n\n.fa-flip-both,\n.fa-flip-horizontal.fa-flip-vertical {\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, -1);\n          transform: scale(-1, -1);\n}\n\n.fa-rotate-by {\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\n          transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\n}\n\n.fa-stack {\n  display: inline-block;\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  height: 2em;\n  position: relative;\n  width: 2.5em;\n}\n\n.fa-stack-1x,\n.fa-stack-2x {\n  bottom: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  margin: auto;\n  position: absolute;\n  right: 0;\n  top: 0;\n  z-index: var(--fa-stack-z-index, auto);\n}\n\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-1x {\n  height: 1em;\n  width: 1.25em;\n}\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-2x {\n  height: 2em;\n  width: 2.5em;\n}\n\n.fa-inverse {\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\n}\n\n.sr-only,\n.fa-sr-only {\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 1px;\n  height: 1px;\n  padding: 0;\n  margin: -1px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  white-space: nowrap;\n  border-width: 0;\n}\n\n.sr-only-focusable:not(:focus),\n.fa-sr-only-focusable:not(:focus) {\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 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e}({idx:r([6,7,8,e,[10,16,1],33,34,39,40,41,45,47,52,53]),goto:r([9,10,11,e,[16,14,1],12,1,30,13,e,[4,4,1],14,15,8])}),parseError:function(t,e,n){if(!e.recoverable)throw"function"==typeof this.trace&&this.trace(t),n||(n=this.JisonParserError),new n(t,e);"function"==typeof this.trace&&this.trace(t),e.destroy()},parse:function(t){var e,n=this,r=new Array(128),i=new Array(128),o=new Array(128),a=this.table,s=0,u=0,c=(this.TERROR,this.EOF),l=(this.options.errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount,[0,54]);e=this.__lexer__?this.__lexer__:this.__lexer__=Object.create(this.lexer);var f={parseError:void 0,quoteName:void 0,lexer:void 0,parser:void 0,pre_parse:void 0,post_parse:void 0,pre_lex:void 0,post_lex:void 0};function p(){var t=e.fastLex();return"number"!=typeof t&&(t=n.symbols_[t]||t),t||c}"function"!=typeof assert||assert,this.yyGetSharedState=function(){return f},function(t,e){for(var n in e)void 0===t[n]&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(f,this.yy),f.lexer=e,f.parser=this,"function"==typeof f.parseError?this.parseError=function(t,e,n){return n||(n=this.JisonParserError),f.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)}:this.parseError=this.originalParseError,"function"==typeof f.quoteName?this.quoteName=function(t){return f.quoteName.call(this,t)}:this.quoteName=this.originalQuoteName,this.cleanupAfterParse=function(t,n,a){var u,c;n&&((f.post_parse||this.post_parse)&&(c=this.constructParseErrorInfo(null,null,null,!1)),f.post_parse&&void 0!==(u=f.post_parse.call(this,f,t,c))&&(t=u),this.post_parse&&void 0!==(u=this.post_parse.call(this,f,t,c))&&(t=u),c&&c.destroy&&c.destroy());if(this.__reentrant_call_depth>1)return t;if(e.cleanupAfterLex&&e.cleanupAfterLex(a),f&&(f.lexer=void 0,f.parser=void 0,e.yy===f&&(e.yy=void 0)),f=void 0,this.parseError=this.originalParseError,this.quoteName=this.originalQuoteName,r.length=0,i.length=0,o.length=0,s=0,!a){for(var l=this.__error_infos.length-1;l>=0;l--){var p=this.__error_infos[l];p&&"function"==typeof p.destroy&&p.destroy()}this.__error_infos.length=0}return t},this.constructParseErrorInfo=function(t,n,a,c){var l={errStr:t,exception:n,text:e.match,value:e.yytext,token:this.describeSymbol(u)||u,token_id:u,line:e.yylineno,expected:a,recoverable:c,state:h,action:d,new_state:x,symbol_stack:r,state_stack:i,value_stack:o,stack_pointer:s,yy:f,lexer:e,parser:this,destroy:function(){var t=!!this.recoverable;for(var e in this)this.hasOwnProperty(e)&&"object"==typeof e&&(this[e]=void 0);this.recoverable=t}};return this.__error_infos.push(l),l};var h,d,v,y,m,g,b,x,w=function(){var t=e.lex();return"number"!=typeof t&&(t=n.symbols_[t]||t),t||c},k={$:!0,_$:void 0,yy:f},O=!1;try{if(this.__reentrant_call_depth++,e.setInput(t,f),"function"==typeof e.canIUse)e.canIUse().fastLex&&(w=p);for(o[s]=null,i[s]=0,r[s]=0,++s,this.pre_parse&&this.pre_parse.call(this,f),f.pre_parse&&f.pre_parse.call(this,f),x=i[s-1];;){if(h=x,this.defaultActions[h])d=2,x=this.defaultActions[h];else if(u||(u=w()),y=a[h]&&a[h][u]||l,x=y[1],!(d=y[0])){var S,E=this.describeSymbol(u)||u,A=this.collect_expected_token_set(h);S="number"==typeof e.yylineno?"Parse error on line "+(e.yylineno+1)+": ":"Parse error: ","function"==typeof e.showPosition&&(S+="\n"+e.showPosition(69,10)+"\n"),A.length?S+="Expecting "+A.join(", ")+", got unexpected "+E:S+="Unexpected "+E,m=this.constructParseErrorInfo(S,null,A,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break}switch(d){default:if(d instanceof Array){m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: "+h+", token: "+u,null,null,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break}m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parsing halted. No viable error recovery approach available due to internal system failure.",null,null,!1),void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v);break;case 1:r[s]=u,o[s]=e.yytext,i[s]=x,++s,u=0;continue;case 2:if(g=(b=this.productions_[x-1])[1],void 0!==(v=this.performAction.call(k,x,s-1,o))){O=v;break}s-=g;var j=b[0];r[s]=j,o[s]=k.$,x=a[i[s-1]][j],i[s]=x,++s;continue;case 3:-2!==s&&(O=!0,s--,void 0!==o[s]&&(O=o[s]))}break}}catch(P){if(P instanceof this.JisonParserError)throw P;if(e&&"function"==typeof e.JisonLexerError&&P instanceof e.JisonLexerError)throw P;m=this.constructParseErrorInfo("Parsing aborted due to exception.",P,null,!1),O=!1,void 0!==(v=this.parseError(m.errStr,m,this.JisonParserError))&&(O=v)}finally{O=this.cleanupAfterParse(O,!0,!0),this.__reentrant_call_depth--}return O}};i.originalParseError=i.parseError,i.originalQuoteName=i.quoteName;var o=function(){function t(t,e){var n;if(Object.defineProperty(this,"name",{enumerable:!1,writable:!1,value:"JisonLexerError"}),null==t&&(t="???"),Object.defineProperty(this,"message",{enumerable:!1,writable:!0,value:t}),this.hash=e,e&&e.exception instanceof Error){var r=e.exception;this.message=r.message||t,n=r.stack}n||(Error.hasOwnProperty("captureStackTrace")?Error.captureStackTrace(this,this.constructor):n=new Error(t).stack),n&&Object.defineProperty(this,"stack",{enumerable:!1,writable:!1,value:n})}"function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t.prototype,Error.prototype):t.prototype=Object.create(Error.prototype),t.prototype.constructor=t,t.prototype.name="JisonLexerError";var e={EOF:1,ERROR:2,__currentRuleSet__:null,__error_infos:[],__decompressed:!1,done:!1,_backtrack:!1,_input:"",_more:!1,_signaled_error_token:!1,conditionStack:[],match:"",matched:"",matches:!1,yytext:"",offset:0,yyleng:0,yylineno:0,yylloc:null,constructLexErrorInfo:function(t,e,n){if(t=""+t,null==n&&(n=!(t.indexOf("\n")>0&&t.indexOf("^")>0)),this.yylloc&&n)if("function"==typeof this.prettyPrintRange){this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);/\n\s*$/.test(t)||(t+="\n"),t+="\n  Erroneous area:\n"+this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc)}else if("function"==typeof this.showPosition){var r=this.showPosition();r&&(t.length&&"\n"!==t[t.length-1]&&"\n"!==r[0]?t+="\n"+r:t+=r)}var i={errStr:t,recoverable:!!e,text:this.match,token:null,line:this.yylineno,loc:this.yylloc,yy:this.yy,lexer:this,destroy:function(){var t=!!this.recoverable;for(var e in this)this.hasOwnProperty(e)&&"object"==typeof e&&(this[e]=void 0);this.recoverable=t}};return this.__error_infos.push(i),i},parseError:function(t,e,n){if(n||(n=this.JisonLexerError),this.yy){if(this.yy.parser&&"function"==typeof this.yy.parser.parseError)return this.yy.parser.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)||this.ERROR;if("function"==typeof this.yy.parseError)return this.yy.parseError.call(this,t,e,n)||this.ERROR}throw new n(t,e)},yyerror:function(t){var e="";this.yylloc&&(e=" on line "+(this.yylineno+1));var n=this.constructLexErrorInfo("Lexical error"+e+": "+t,this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable),r=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return r.length&&(n.extra_error_attributes=r),this.parseError(n.errStr,n,this.JisonLexerError)||this.ERROR},cleanupAfterLex:function(t){if(this.setInput("",{}),!t){for(var e=this.__error_infos.length-1;e>=0;e--){var n=this.__error_infos[e];n&&"function"==typeof n.destroy&&n.destroy()}this.__error_infos.length=0}return this},clear:function(){this.yytext="",this.yyleng=0,this.match="",this.matches=!1,this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1;var t=this.yylloc?this.yylloc.last_column:0;this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:t,last_line:this.yylineno+1,last_column:t,range:[this.offset,this.offset]}},setInput:function(t,e){if(this.yy=e||this.yy||{},!this.__decompressed){for(var n=this.rules,r=0,i=n.length;r<i;r++){"number"==typeof(p=n[r])&&(n[r]=n[p])}var o=this.conditions;for(var a in o){var s=o[a],u=s.rules,c=(i=u.length,new Array(i+1)),l=new Array(i+1);for(r=0;r<i;r++){var f=u[r],p=n[f];c[r+1]=p,l[r+1]=f}s.rules=l,s.__rule_regexes=c,s.__rule_count=i}this.__decompressed=!0}return this._input=t||"",this.clear(),this._signaled_error_token=!1,this.done=!1,this.yylineno=0,this.matched="",this.conditionStack=["INITIAL"],this.__currentRuleSet__=null,this.yylloc={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0,range:[0,0]},this.offset=0,this},editRemainingInput:function(t,e){var n=t.call(this,this._input,e);return"string"!=typeof n?n&&(this._input=""+n):this._input=n,this},input:function(){if(!this._input)return null;var t=this._input[0];this.yytext+=t,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=t,this.matched+=t;var e=1,n=!1;if("\n"===t)n=!0;else if("\r"===t){n=!0;var r=this._input[1];"\n"===r&&(e++,t+=r,this.yytext+=r,this.yyleng++,this.offset++,this.match+=r,this.matched+=r,this.yylloc.range[1]++)}return n?(this.yylineno++,this.yylloc.last_line++,this.yylloc.last_column=0):this.yylloc.last_column++,this.yylloc.range[1]++,this._input=this._input.slice(e),t},unput:function(t){var e=t.length,n=t.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);if(this._input=t+this._input,this.yytext=this.yytext.substr(0,this.yytext.length-e),this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.offset-=e,this.match=this.match.substr(0,this.match.length-e),this.matched=this.matched.substr(0,this.matched.length-e),n.length>1){this.yylineno-=n.length-1,this.yylloc.last_line=this.yylineno+1;var r=this.match,i=r.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g);1===i.length&&(i=(r=this.matched).split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g)),this.yylloc.last_column=i[i.length-1].length}else this.yylloc.last_column-=e;return this.yylloc.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[0]+this.yyleng,this.done=!1,this},more:function(){return this._more=!0,this},reject:function(){if(this.options.backtrack_lexer)this._backtrack=!0;else{var t="";this.yylloc&&(t=" on line "+(this.yylineno+1));var e=this.constructLexErrorInfo("Lexical error"+t+": You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).",!1);this._signaled_error_token=this.parseError(e.errStr,e,this.JisonLexerError)||this.ERROR}return this},less:function(t){return this.unput(this.match.slice(t))},pastInput:function(t,e){var n=this.matched.substring(0,this.matched.length-this.match.length);t<0?t=n.length:t||(t=20),e<0?e=n.length:e||(e=1);var r=(n=n.substr(2*-t-2)).replace(/\r\n|\r/g,"\n").split("\n");return(n=(r=r.slice(-e)).join("\n")).length>t&&(n="..."+n.substr(-t)),n},upcomingInput:function(t,e){var n=this.match;t<0?t=n.length+this._input.length:t||(t=20),e<0?e=t:e||(e=1),n.length<2*t+2&&(n+=this._input.substring(0,2*t+2));var r=n.replace(/\r\n|\r/g,"\n").split("\n");return(n=(r=r.slice(0,e)).join("\n")).length>t&&(n=n.substring(0,t)+"..."),n},showPosition:function(t,e){var n=this.pastInput(t).replace(/\s/g," "),r=new Array(n.length+1).join("-");return n+this.upcomingInput(e).replace(/\s/g," ")+"\n"+r+"^"},deriveLocationInfo:function(t,e,n,r){var i={first_line:1,first_column:0,last_line:1,last_column:0,range:[0,0]};return t&&(i.first_line=0|t.first_line,i.last_line=0|t.last_line,i.first_column=0|t.first_column,i.last_column=0|t.last_column,t.range&&(i.range[0]=0|t.range[0],i.range[1]=0|t.range[1])),(i.first_line<=0||i.last_line<i.first_line)&&(i.first_line<=0&&e&&(i.first_line=0|e.last_line,i.first_column=0|e.last_column,e.range&&(i.range[0]=0|t.range[1])),(i.last_line<=0||i.last_line<i.first_line)&&n&&(i.last_line=0|n.first_line,i.last_column=0|n.first_column,n.range&&(i.range[1]=0|t.range[0])),i.first_line<=0&&r&&(i.last_line<=0||r.last_line<=i.last_line)&&(i.first_line=0|r.first_line,i.first_column=0|r.first_column,r.range&&(i.range[0]=0|r.range[0])),i.last_line<=0&&r&&(i.first_line<=0||r.first_line>=i.first_line)&&(i.last_line=0|r.last_line,i.last_column=0|r.last_column,r.range&&(i.range[1]=0|r.range[1]))),i.last_line<=0&&(i.first_line<=0?(i.first_line=this.yylloc.first_line,i.last_line=this.yylloc.last_line,i.first_column=this.yylloc.first_column,i.last_column=this.yylloc.last_column,i.range[0]=this.yylloc.range[0],i.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[1]):(i.last_line=this.yylloc.last_line,i.last_column=this.yylloc.last_column,i.range[1]=this.yylloc.range[1])),i.first_line<=0&&(i.first_line=i.last_line,i.first_column=0,i.range[1]=i.range[0]),i.first_column<0&&(i.first_column=0),i.last_column<0&&(i.last_column=i.first_column>0?i.first_column:80),i},prettyPrintRange:function(t,e,n){t=this.deriveLocationInfo(t,e,n);var r=(this.matched+this._input).split("\n"),i=Math.max(1,e?e.first_line:t.first_line-3),o=Math.max(1,n?n.last_line:t.last_line+1),a=1+Math.log10(1|o)|0,s=new Array(a).join(" "),u=[],c=r.slice(i-1,o+1).map((function(e,n){var r=n+i,o=(s+r).substr(-a)+": "+e,c=new Array(a+1).join("^"),l=3,f=0;(r===t.first_line?(l+=t.first_column,f=Math.max(2,(r===t.last_line?t.last_column:e.length)-t.first_column+1)):r===t.last_line?f=Math.max(2,t.last_column+1):r>t.first_line&&r<t.last_line&&(f=Math.max(2,e.length+1)),f)&&(o+="\n"+c+new Array(l).join(".")+new Array(f).join("^"),e.trim().length>0&&u.push(n));return o=o.replace(/\t/g," ")}));if(u.length>4){var l=u[1]+1,f=u[u.length-2]-1,p=new Array(a+1).join(" ")+"  (...continued...)";p+="\n"+new Array(a+1).join("-")+"  (---------------)",c.splice(l,f-l+1,p)}return c.join("\n")},describeYYLLOC:function(t,e){var n,r=t.first_line,i=t.last_line,o=t.first_column,a=t.last_column;if(0===i-r?(n="line "+r+", ",n+=a-o<=1?"column "+o:"columns "+o+" .. "+a):n="lines "+r+"(column "+o+") .. "+i+"(column "+a+")",t.range&&e){var s=t.range[0],u=t.range[1]-1;n+=u<=s?" {String Offset: "+s+"}":" {String Offset range: "+s+" .. "+u+"}"}return n},test_match:function(t,e){var n,r,i,o,a;if(this.options.backtrack_lexer&&(i={yylineno:this.yylineno,yylloc:{first_line:this.yylloc.first_line,last_line:this.yylloc.last_line,first_column:this.yylloc.first_column,last_column:this.yylloc.last_column,range:this.yylloc.range.slice(0)},yytext:this.yytext,match:this.match,matches:this.matches,matched:this.matched,yyleng:this.yyleng,offset:this.offset,_more:this._more,_input:this._input,yy:this.yy,conditionStack:this.conditionStack.slice(0),done:this.done}),a=(o=t[0]).length,(r=o.split(/(?:\r\n?|\n)/g)).length>1?(this.yylineno+=r.length-1,this.yylloc.last_line=this.yylineno+1,this.yylloc.last_column=r[r.length-1].length):this.yylloc.last_column+=a,this.yytext+=o,this.match+=o,this.matched+=o,this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.yylloc.range[1]+=a,this.offset+=a,this._more=!1,this._backtrack=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(a),n=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,e,this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),n)return 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u=n.children,c=n.layout,f=n.stackOffset,h=n.data,v=n.reverseStackOrder,y=jy(c),m=y.numericAxisName,g=y.cateAxisName,b=is(u,i),x=function(t,e,n,r,i,o){if(!t)return null;var a=(o?e.reverse():e).reduce((function(t,e){var i=e.props,o=i.stackId;if(i.hide)return t;var a=e.props[n],s=t[a]||{hasStack:!1,stackGroups:{}};if(kr(o)){var u=s.stackGroups[o]||{numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:[]};u.items.push(e),s.hasStack=!0,s.stackGroups[o]=u}else s.stackGroups[Sr("_stackId_")]={numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:[e]};return Id(Id({},t),{},Rd({},a,s))}),{});return Object.keys(a).reduce((function(e,o){var s=a[o];return s.hasStack&&(s.stackGroups=Object.keys(s.stackGroups).reduce((function(e,o){var a=s.stackGroups[o];return Id(Id({},e),{},Rd({},o,{numericAxisId:n,cateAxisId:r,items:a.items,stackedData:qd(t,a.items,i)}))}),{})),Id(Id({},e),{},Rd({},o,s))}),{})}(h,b,"".concat(m,"Id"),"".concat(g,"Id"),f,v),w=l.reduce((function(t,e){var r="".concat(e.axisType,"Map");return 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n=e.props.onMouseUp;ve()(n)&&n(e.getMouseInfo(t),t)},e.handleTouchMove=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseMove(t.changedTouches[0])},e.handleTouchStart=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseDown(t.changedTouches[0])},e.handleTouchEnd=function(t){null!=t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length>0&&e.handleMouseUp(t.changedTouches[0])},e.verticalCoordinatesGenerator=function(t){var e=t.xAxis,n=t.width,r=t.height,i=t.offset;return Zd(fu.getTicks(dy(dy(dy({},fu.defaultProps),e),{},{ticks:Vd(e,!0),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:n,height:r}})),i.left,i.left+i.width)},e.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator=function(t){var e=t.yAxis,n=t.width,r=t.height,i=t.offset;return Zd(fu.getTicks(dy(dy(dy({},fu.defaultProps),e),{},{ticks:Vd(e,!0),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:n,height:r}})),i.top,i.top+i.height)},e.axesTicksGenerator=function(t){return Vd(t,!0)},e.renderCursor=function(t){var n=e.state,i=n.isTooltipActive,a=n.activeCoordinate,s=n.activePayload,u=n.offset,c=n.activeTooltipIndex,l=e.getTooltipEventType();if(!t||!t.props.cursor||!i||!a||"ScatterChart"!==r&&"axis"!==l)return null;var f,p=e.props.layout,h=ta;if("ScatterChart"===r)f=a,h=ca;else if("BarChart"===r)f=e.getCursorRectangle(),h=Xa;else if("radial"===p){var d=e.getCursorPoints(),v=d.cx,y=d.cy,m=d.radius;f={cx:v,cy:y,startAngle:d.startAngle,endAngle:d.endAngle,innerRadius:m,outerRadius:m},h=_a}else f={points:e.getCursorPoints()},h=ta;var g=t.key||"_recharts-cursor",b=dy(dy(dy(dy({stroke:"#ccc",pointerEvents:"none"},u),f),Fe(t.props.cursor)),{},{payload:s,payloadIndex:c,key:g,className:"recharts-tooltip-cursor"});return(0,o.isValidElement)(t.props.cursor)?(0,o.cloneElement)(t.props.cursor,b):(0,o.createElement)(h,b)},e.renderPolarAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=we()(t,"type.axisType"),a=we()(e.state,"".concat(i,"Map"))[t.props["".concat(i,"Id")]];return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({},a),{},{className:i,key:t.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),ticks:Vd(a,!0)}))},e.renderXAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=e.state.xAxisMap[t.props.xAxisId];return e.renderAxis(i,t,n,r)},e.renderYAxis=function(t,n,r){var i=e.state.yAxisMap[t.props.yAxisId];return e.renderAxis(i,t,n,r)},e.renderGrid=function(t){var n=e.state,r=n.xAxisMap,i=n.yAxisMap,a=n.offset,s=e.props,u=s.width,c=s.height,l=Ar(r),f=he()(i,(function(t){return 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t=e.state.formattedGraphicalItems,n=e.props,r=n.children,i=n.width,a=n.height,s=e.props.margin||{},u=i-(s.left||0)-(s.right||0),c=Fd({children:r,formattedGraphicalItems:t,legendWidth:u,legendContent:f});if(!c)return null;var l=c.item,p=ry(c,["item"]);return(0,o.cloneElement)(l,dy(dy({},p),{},{chartWidth:i,chartHeight:a,margin:s,ref:function(t){e.legendInstance=t},onBBoxUpdate:e.handleLegendBBoxUpdate}))},e.renderTooltip=function(){var t=e.props.children,n=os(t,ni.displayName);if(!n)return null;var r=e.state,i=r.isTooltipActive,a=r.activeCoordinate,s=r.activePayload,u=r.activeLabel,c=r.offset;return(0,o.cloneElement)(n,{viewBox:dy(dy({},c),{},{x:c.left,y:c.top}),active:i,label:u,payload:i?s:[],coordinate:a})},e.renderBrush=function(t){var n=e.props,r=n.margin,i=n.data,a=e.state,s=a.offset,u=a.dataStartIndex,c=a.dataEndIndex,l=a.updateId;return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,{key:t.key||"_recharts-brush",onChange:Gd(e.handleBrushChange,null,t.props.onChange),data:i,x:wr(t.props.x)?t.props.x:s.left,y:wr(t.props.y)?t.props.y:s.top+s.height+s.brushBottom-(r.bottom||0),width:wr(t.props.width)?t.props.width:s.width,startIndex:u,endIndex:c,updateId:"brush-".concat(l)})},e.renderReferenceElement=function(t,n,r){if(!t)return null;var i=uy(e).clipPathId,a=e.state,s=a.xAxisMap,u=a.yAxisMap,c=a.offset,l=t.props,f=l.xAxisId,p=l.yAxisId;return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,{key:t.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),xAxis:s[f],yAxis:u[p],viewBox:{x:c.left,y:c.top,width:c.width,height:c.height},clipPathId:i})},e.renderActivePoints=function(t){var e=t.item,n=t.activePoint,r=t.basePoint,i=t.childIndex,o=t.isRange,a=[],s=e.props.key,c=e.item.props,l=c.activeDot,f=dy(dy({index:i,dataKey:c.dataKey,cx:n.x,cy:n.y,r:4,fill:Ld(e.item),strokeWidth:2,stroke:"#fff",payload:n.payload,value:n.value,key:"".concat(s,"-activePoint-").concat(i)},Fe(l)),Be(l));return a.push(u.renderActiveDot(l,f)),r?a.push(u.renderActiveDot(l,dy(dy({},f),{},{cx:r.x,cy:r.y,key:"".concat(s,"-basePoint-").concat(i)}))):o&&a.push(null),a},e.renderGraphicChild=function(t,n,r){var i=e.filterFormatItem(t,n,r);if(!i)return null;var a=e.getTooltipEventType(),s=e.state,u=s.isTooltipActive,c=s.tooltipAxis,l=s.activeTooltipIndex,f=s.activeLabel,p=e.props.children,h=os(p,ni.displayName),d=i.props,v=d.points,y=d.isRange,m=d.baseLine,g=i.item.props,b=g.activeDot,x=!g.hide&&u&&h&&b&&l>=0,w={};"axis"!==a&&h&&"click"===h.props.trigger?w={onClick:Gd(e.handleItemMouseEnter,null,t.props.onCLick)}:"axis"!==a&&(w={onMouseLeave:Gd(e.handleItemMouseLeave,null,t.props.onMouseLeave),onMouseEnter:Gd(e.handleItemMouseEnter,null,t.props.onMouseEnter)});var k=(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({},i.props),w));if(x){var O,S;if(c.dataKey&&!c.allowDuplicatedCategory){var E="function"==typeof c.dataKey?function(t){return"function"==typeof c.dataKey?c.dataKey(t.payload):null}:"payload.".concat(c.dataKey.toString());O=Pr(v,E,f),S=y&&m&&Pr(m,E,f)}else O=v[l],S=y&&m&&m[l];if(!Ee()(O))return[k].concat(ly(e.renderActivePoints({item:i,activePoint:O,basePoint:S,childIndex:l,isRange:y})))}return y?[k,null,null]:[k,null]},e.renderCustomized=function(t,n,r){return(0,o.cloneElement)(t,dy(dy({key:"recharts-customized-".concat(r)},e.props),e.state))},e.uniqueChartId=Ee()(t.id)?Sr("recharts"):t.id,e.clipPathId="".concat(e.uniqueChartId,"-clip"),t.throttleDelay&&(e.triggeredAfterMouseMove=me()(e.triggeredAfterMouseMove,t.throttleDelay)),e.state={},e}return e=u,n=[{key:"componentDidMount",value:function(){Ee()(this.props.syncId)||this.addListener()}},{key:"componentDidUpdate",value:function(t){Ee()(t.syncId)&&!Ee()(this.props.syncId)&&this.addListener(),!Ee()(t.syncId)&&Ee()(this.props.syncId)&&this.removeListener()}},{key:"componentWillUnmount",value:function(){this.clearDeferId(),Ee()(this.props.syncId)||this.removeListener(),this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove()}},{key:"cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove",value:function(){"function"==typeof this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel&&this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel()}},{key:"getTooltipEventType",value:function(){var t=os(this.props.children,ni.displayName);if(t&&je()(t.props.shared)){var e=t.props.shared?"axis":"item";return c.indexOf(e)>=0?e:s}return s}},{key:"getMouseInfo",value:function(t){if(!this.container)return null;var e,n,r,i=function(t,e){return{chartX:Math.round(t.pageX-e.left),chartY:Math.round(t.pageY-e.top)}}(t,(e=this.container,n=e.ownerDocument.documentElement,r={top:0,left:0},void 0!==e.getBoundingClientRect&&(r=e.getBoundingClientRect()),{top:r.top+window.pageYOffset-n.clientTop,left:r.left+window.pageXOffset-n.clientLeft})),o=this.inRange(i.chartX,i.chartY);if(!o)return null;var a=this.state,s=a.xAxisMap,u=a.yAxisMap;if("axis"!==this.getTooltipEventType()&&s&&u){var c=Ar(s).scale,l=Ar(u).scale,f=c&&c.invert?c.invert(i.chartX):null,p=l&&l.invert?l.invert(i.chartY):null;return dy(dy({},i),{},{xValue:f,yValue:p})}var h=Oy(this.state,this.props.data,this.props.layout,o);return h?dy(dy({},i),h):null}},{key:"getCursorRectangle",value:function(){var t=this.props.layout,e=this.state,n=e.activeCoordinate,r=e.offset,i=e.tooltipAxisBandSize,o=i/2;return{stroke:"none",fill:"#ccc",x:"horizontal"===t?n.x-o:r.left+.5,y:"horizontal"===t?r.top+.5:n.y-o,width:"horizontal"===t?i:r.width-1,height:"horizontal"===t?r.height-1:i}}},{key:"getCursorPoints",value:function(){var t,e,n,r,i=this.props.layout,o=this.state,a=o.activeCoordinate,s=o.offset;if("horizontal"===i)n=t=a.x,e=s.top,r=s.top+s.height;else if("vertical"===i)r=e=a.y,t=s.left,n=s.left+s.width;else if(!Ee()(a.cx)||!Ee()(a.cy)){if("centric"!==i){var u=a.cx,c=a.cy,l=a.radius,f=a.startAngle,p=a.endAngle;return{points:[va(u,c,l,f),va(u,c,l,p)],cx:u,cy:c,radius:l,startAngle:f,endAngle:p}}var h=a.cx,d=a.cy,v=a.innerRadius,y=a.outerRadius,m=a.angle,g=va(h,d,v,m),b=va(h,d,y,m);t=g.x,e=g.y,n=b.x,r=b.y}return[{x:t,y:e},{x:n,y:r}]}},{key:"inRange",value:function(t,e){var n=this.props.layout;if("horizontal"===n||"vertical"===n){var r=this.state.offset;return t>=r.left&&t<=r.left+r.width&&e>=r.top&&e<=r.top+r.height?{x:t,y:e}:null}var i=this.state,o=i.angleAxisMap,a=i.radiusAxisMap;if(o&&a){var s=Ar(o);return ga({x:t,y:e},s)}return null}},{key:"parseEventsOfWrapper",value:function(){var t=this.props.children,e=this.getTooltipEventType(),n=os(t,ni.displayName),r={};return n&&"axis"===e&&(r="click"===n.props.trigger?{onClick:this.handleClick}:{onMouseEnter:this.handleMouseEnter,onMouseMove:this.handleMouseMove,onMouseLeave:this.handleMouseLeave,onTouchMove:this.handleTouchMove,onTouchStart:this.handleTouchStart,onTouchEnd:this.handleTouchEnd}),dy(dy({},Be(this.props,this.handleOuterEvent)),r)}},{key:"addListener",value:function(){Qv.on($v,this.handleReceiveSyncEvent),Qv.setMaxListeners&&Qv._maxListeners&&Qv.setMaxListeners(Qv._maxListeners+1)}},{key:"removeListener",value:function(){Qv.removeListener($v,this.handleReceiveSyncEvent),Qv.setMaxListeners&&Qv._maxListeners&&Qv.setMaxListeners(Qv._maxListeners-1)}},{key:"triggerSyncEvent",value:function(t){var e=this.props.syncId;Ee()(e)||Qv.emit($v,e,this.uniqueChartId,t)}},{key:"applySyncEvent",value:function(t){var e=this.props,n=e.layout,r=e.syncMethod,i=this.state.updateId,o=t.dataStartIndex,a=t.dataEndIndex;if(Ee()(t.dataStartIndex)&&Ee()(t.dataEndIndex))if(Ee()(t.activeTooltipIndex))this.setState(t);else{var s=t.chartX,u=t.chartY,c=t.activeTooltipIndex,l=this.state,f=l.offset,p=l.tooltipTicks;if(!f)return;if("function"==typeof r)c=r(p,t);else if("value"===r){c=-1;for(var h=0;h<p.length;h++)if(p[h].value===t.activeLabel){c=h;break}}var d=dy(dy({},f),{},{x:f.left,y:f.top}),y=Math.min(s,d.x+d.width),m=Math.min(u,d.y+d.height),g=p[c]&&p[c].value,b=ky(this.state,this.props.data,c),x=p[c]?{x:"horizontal"===n?p[c].coordinate:y,y:"horizontal"===n?m:p[c].coordinate}:my;this.setState(dy(dy({},t),{},{activeLabel:g,activeCoordinate:x,activePayload:b,activeTooltipIndex:c}))}else this.setState(dy({dataStartIndex:o,dataEndIndex:a},v({props:this.props,dataStartIndex:o,dataEndIndex:a,updateId:i},this.state)))}},{key:"filterFormatItem",value:function(t,e,n){for(var r=this.state.formattedGraphicalItems,i=0,o=r.length;i<o;i++){var a=r[i];if(a.item===t||a.props.key===t.key||e===ts(a.item.type)&&n===a.childIndex)return a}return null}},{key:"renderAxis",value:function(t,e,n,r){var i=this.props,a=i.width,s=i.height;return o.createElement(fu,ny({},t,{className:"recharts-".concat(t.axisType," ").concat(t.axisType),key:e.key||"".concat(n,"-").concat(r),viewBox:{x:0,y:0,width:a,height:s},ticksGenerator:this.axesTicksGenerator}))}},{key:"renderClipPath",value:function(){var t=this.clipPathId,e=this.state.offset,n=e.left,r=e.top,i=e.height,a=e.width;return o.createElement("defs",null,o.createElement("clipPath",{id:t},o.createElement("rect",{x:n,y:r,height:i,width:a})))}},{key:"getXScales",value:function(){var t=this.state.xAxisMap;return t?Object.entries(t).reduce((function(t,e){var n=ey(e,2),r=n[0],i=n[1];return dy(dy({},t),{},vy({},r,i.scale))}),{}):null}},{key:"getYScales",value:function(){var t=this.state.yAxisMap;return 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dy(dy(dy({},c),{},{updateId:0},v(dy(dy({props:t},c),{},{updateId:0}),e)),{},{prevData:n,prevWidth:i,prevHeight:o,prevLayout:a,prevStackOffset:s,prevMargin:u,prevChildren:r})}if(n!==e.prevData||i!==e.prevWidth||o!==e.prevHeight||a!==e.prevLayout||s!==e.prevStackOffset||!Ja(u,e.prevMargin)){var l=Ay(t),f={chartX:e.chartX,chartY:e.chartY,isTooltipActive:e.isTooltipActive},p=dy(dy({},Oy(e,n,a)),{},{updateId:e.updateId+1}),h=dy(dy(dy({},l),f),p);return dy(dy(dy({},h),v(dy({props:t},h),e)),{},{prevData:n,prevWidth:i,prevHeight:o,prevLayout:a,prevStackOffset:s,prevMargin:u,prevChildren:r})}if(!cs(r,e.prevChildren)){var d=!Ee()(n)?e.updateId:e.updateId+1;return dy(dy({updateId:d},v(dy(dy({props:t},e),{},{updateId:d}),e)),{},{prevChildren:r})}return null},e.renderActiveDot=function(t,e){var n;return 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descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, toPropertyKey(descriptor.key), descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  Object.defineProperty(Constructor, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  return Constructor;\n}\nmodule.exports = _createClass, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var toPropertyKey = require(\"./toPropertyKey.js\");\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  key = toPropertyKey(key);\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return 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Symbol : {},\n    iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || \"@@iterator\",\n    asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || \"@@asyncIterator\",\n    toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || \"@@toStringTag\";\n  function define(obj, key, value) {\n    return Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: !0,\n      configurable: !0,\n      writable: !0\n    }), obj[key];\n  }\n  try {\n    define({}, \"\");\n  } catch (err) {\n    define = function define(obj, key, value) {\n      return obj[key] = value;\n    };\n  }\n  function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator,\n      generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype),\n      context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);\n    return defineProperty(generator, \"_invoke\", {\n      value: makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context)\n    }), generator;\n  }\n  function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {\n    try {\n      return {\n        type: \"normal\",\n        arg: fn.call(obj, arg)\n      };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return {\n        type: \"throw\",\n        arg: err\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  exports.wrap = wrap;\n  var ContinueSentinel = {};\n  function Generator() {}\n  function GeneratorFunction() {}\n  function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}\n  var IteratorPrototype = {};\n  define(IteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  });\n  var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf,\n    NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));\n  NativeIteratorPrototype && NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op && hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol) && (IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype);\n  var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype = Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);\n  function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {\n    [\"next\", \"throw\", \"return\"].forEach(function (method) {\n      define(prototype, method, function (arg) {\n        return this._invoke(method, arg);\n      });\n    });\n  }\n  function AsyncIterator(generator, PromiseImpl) {\n    function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {\n      var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);\n      if (\"throw\" !== record.type) {\n        var result = record.arg,\n          value = result.value;\n        return value && \"object\" == _typeof(value) && hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\") ? PromiseImpl.resolve(value.__await).then(function (value) {\n          invoke(\"next\", value, resolve, reject);\n        }, function (err) {\n          invoke(\"throw\", err, resolve, reject);\n        }) : PromiseImpl.resolve(value).then(function (unwrapped) {\n          result.value = unwrapped, resolve(result);\n        }, function (error) {\n          return invoke(\"throw\", error, resolve, reject);\n        });\n      }\n      reject(record.arg);\n    }\n    var previousPromise;\n    defineProperty(this, \"_invoke\", {\n      value: function value(method, arg) {\n        function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {\n          return new PromiseImpl(function (resolve, reject) {\n            invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);\n          });\n        }\n        return previousPromise = previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(callInvokeWithMethodAndArg, callInvokeWithMethodAndArg) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {\n    var state = \"suspendedStart\";\n    return function (method, arg) {\n      if (\"executing\" === state) throw new Error(\"Generator is already running\");\n      if (\"completed\" === state) {\n        if (\"throw\" === method) throw arg;\n        return doneResult();\n      }\n      for (context.method = method, context.arg = arg;;) {\n        var delegate = context.delegate;\n        if (delegate) {\n          var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n          if (delegateResult) {\n            if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n            return delegateResult;\n          }\n        }\n        if (\"next\" === context.method) context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;else if (\"throw\" === context.method) {\n          if (\"suspendedStart\" === state) throw state = \"completed\", context.arg;\n          context.dispatchException(context.arg);\n        } else \"return\" === context.method && context.abrupt(\"return\", context.arg);\n        state = \"executing\";\n        var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);\n        if (\"normal\" === record.type) {\n          if (state = context.done ? \"completed\" : \"suspendedYield\", record.arg === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n          return {\n            value: record.arg,\n            done: context.done\n          };\n        }\n        \"throw\" === record.type && (state = \"completed\", context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = record.arg);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {\n    var methodName = context.method,\n      method = delegate.iterator[methodName];\n    if (undefined === method) return context.delegate = null, \"throw\" === methodName && delegate.iterator[\"return\"] && (context.method = \"return\", context.arg = undefined, maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context), \"throw\" === context.method) || \"return\" !== methodName && (context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = new TypeError(\"The iterator does not provide a '\" + methodName + \"' method\")), ContinueSentinel;\n    var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);\n    if (\"throw\" === record.type) return context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = record.arg, context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel;\n    var info = record.arg;\n    return info ? info.done ? (context[delegate.resultName] = info.value, context.next = delegate.nextLoc, \"return\" !== context.method && (context.method = \"next\", context.arg = undefined), context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel) : info : (context.method = \"throw\", context.arg = new TypeError(\"iterator result is not an object\"), context.delegate = null, ContinueSentinel);\n  }\n  function pushTryEntry(locs) {\n    var entry = {\n      tryLoc: locs[0]\n    };\n    1 in locs && (entry.catchLoc = locs[1]), 2 in locs && (entry.finallyLoc = locs[2], entry.afterLoc = locs[3]), this.tryEntries.push(entry);\n  }\n  function resetTryEntry(entry) {\n    var record = entry.completion || {};\n    record.type = \"normal\", delete record.arg, entry.completion = record;\n  }\n  function Context(tryLocsList) {\n    this.tryEntries = [{\n      tryLoc: \"root\"\n    }], tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this), this.reset(!0);\n  }\n  function values(iterable) {\n    if (iterable) {\n      var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];\n      if (iteratorMethod) return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);\n      if (\"function\" == typeof iterable.next) return iterable;\n      if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {\n        var i = -1,\n          next = function next() {\n            for (; ++i < iterable.length;) {\n              if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) return next.value = iterable[i], next.done = !1, next;\n            }\n            return next.value = undefined, next.done = !0, next;\n          };\n        return next.next = next;\n      }\n    }\n    return {\n      next: doneResult\n    };\n  }\n  function doneResult() {\n    return {\n      value: undefined,\n      done: !0\n    };\n  }\n  return GeneratorFunction.prototype = GeneratorFunctionPrototype, defineProperty(Gp, \"constructor\", {\n    value: GeneratorFunctionPrototype,\n    configurable: !0\n  }), defineProperty(GeneratorFunctionPrototype, \"constructor\", {\n    value: GeneratorFunction,\n    configurable: !0\n  }), GeneratorFunction.displayName = define(GeneratorFunctionPrototype, toStringTagSymbol, \"GeneratorFunction\"), exports.isGeneratorFunction = function (genFun) {\n    var ctor = \"function\" == typeof genFun && genFun.constructor;\n    return !!ctor && (ctor === GeneratorFunction || \"GeneratorFunction\" === (ctor.displayName || ctor.name));\n  }, exports.mark = function (genFun) {\n    return Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype) : (genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype, define(genFun, toStringTagSymbol, \"GeneratorFunction\")), genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp), genFun;\n  }, exports.awrap = function (arg) {\n    return {\n      __await: arg\n    };\n  }, defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype), define(AsyncIterator.prototype, asyncIteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  }), exports.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator, exports.async = function (innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList, PromiseImpl) {\n    void 0 === PromiseImpl && (PromiseImpl = Promise);\n    var iter = new AsyncIterator(wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList), PromiseImpl);\n    return exports.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn) ? iter : iter.next().then(function (result) {\n      return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();\n    });\n  }, defineIteratorMethods(Gp), define(Gp, toStringTagSymbol, \"Generator\"), define(Gp, iteratorSymbol, function () {\n    return this;\n  }), define(Gp, \"toString\", function () {\n    return \"[object Generator]\";\n  }), exports.keys = function (val) {\n    var object = Object(val),\n      keys = [];\n    for (var key in object) {\n      keys.push(key);\n    }\n    return keys.reverse(), function next() {\n      for (; keys.length;) {\n        var key = keys.pop();\n        if (key in object) return next.value = key, next.done = !1, next;\n      }\n      return next.done = !0, next;\n    };\n  }, exports.values = values, Context.prototype = {\n    constructor: Context,\n    reset: function reset(skipTempReset) {\n      if (this.prev = 0, this.next = 0, this.sent = this._sent = undefined, this.done = !1, this.delegate = null, this.method = \"next\", this.arg = undefined, this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry), !skipTempReset) for (var name in this) {\n        \"t\" === name.charAt(0) && hasOwn.call(this, name) && !isNaN(+name.slice(1)) && (this[name] = undefined);\n      }\n    },\n    stop: function stop() {\n      this.done = !0;\n      var rootRecord = this.tryEntries[0].completion;\n      if (\"throw\" === rootRecord.type) throw rootRecord.arg;\n      return this.rval;\n    },\n    dispatchException: function dispatchException(exception) {\n      if (this.done) throw exception;\n      var context = this;\n      function handle(loc, caught) {\n        return record.type = \"throw\", record.arg = exception, context.next = loc, caught && (context.method = \"next\", context.arg = undefined), !!caught;\n      }\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i],\n          record = entry.completion;\n        if (\"root\" === entry.tryLoc) return handle(\"end\");\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {\n          var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, \"catchLoc\"),\n            hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\");\n          if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) return handle(entry.catchLoc, !0);\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n          } else if (hasCatch) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) return handle(entry.catchLoc, !0);\n          } else {\n            if (!hasFinally) throw new Error(\"try statement without catch or finally\");\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    abrupt: function abrupt(type, arg) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev && hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\") && this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n          var finallyEntry = entry;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      finallyEntry && (\"break\" === type || \"continue\" === type) && finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg && arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc && (finallyEntry = null);\n      var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};\n      return record.type = type, record.arg = arg, finallyEntry ? (this.method = \"next\", this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc, ContinueSentinel) : this.complete(record);\n    },\n    complete: function complete(record, afterLoc) {\n      if (\"throw\" === record.type) throw record.arg;\n      return \"break\" === record.type || \"continue\" === record.type ? this.next = record.arg : \"return\" === record.type ? (this.rval = this.arg = record.arg, this.method = \"return\", this.next = \"end\") : \"normal\" === record.type && afterLoc && (this.next = afterLoc), ContinueSentinel;\n    },\n    finish: function finish(finallyLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) return this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc), resetTryEntry(entry), ContinueSentinel;\n      }\n    },\n    \"catch\": function _catch(tryLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {\n          var record = entry.completion;\n          if (\"throw\" === record.type) {\n            var thrown = record.arg;\n            resetTryEntry(entry);\n          }\n          return thrown;\n        }\n      }\n      throw new Error(\"illegal catch attempt\");\n    },\n    delegateYield: function delegateYield(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {\n      return this.delegate = {\n        iterator: values(iterable),\n        resultName: resultName,\n        nextLoc: nextLoc\n      }, \"next\" === this.method && (this.arg = undefined), ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n  }, exports;\n}\nmodule.exports = _regeneratorRuntime, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var arrayWithHoles = require(\"./arrayWithHoles.js\");\nvar iterableToArrayLimit = require(\"./iterableToArrayLimit.js\");\nvar unsupportedIterableToArray = require(\"./unsupportedIterableToArray.js\");\nvar nonIterableRest = require(\"./nonIterableRest.js\");\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return arrayWithHoles(arr) || iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || nonIterableRest();\n}\nmodule.exports = _slicedToArray, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var _typeof = require(\"./typeof.js\")[\"default\"];\nfunction _toPrimitive(input, hint) {\n  if (_typeof(input) !== \"object\" || input === null) return input;\n  var prim = input[Symbol.toPrimitive];\n  if (prim !== undefined) {\n    var res = prim.call(input, hint || \"default\");\n    if (_typeof(res) !== \"object\") return res;\n    throw new TypeError(\"@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.\");\n  }\n  return (hint === \"string\" ? String : Number)(input);\n}\nmodule.exports = _toPrimitive, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var _typeof = require(\"./typeof.js\")[\"default\"];\nvar toPrimitive = require(\"./toPrimitive.js\");\nfunction _toPropertyKey(arg) {\n  var key = toPrimitive(arg, \"string\");\n  return _typeof(key) === \"symbol\" ? key : String(key);\n}\nmodule.exports = _toPropertyKey, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return (module.exports = _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports), _typeof(obj);\n}\nmodule.exports = _typeof, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","var arrayLikeToArray = require(\"./arrayLikeToArray.js\");\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nmodule.exports = _unsupportedIterableToArray, module.exports.__esModule = true, module.exports[\"default\"] = module.exports;","// TODO(Babel 8): Remove this file.\n\nvar runtime = require(\"../helpers/regeneratorRuntime\")();\nmodule.exports = runtime;\n\n// Copied from https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/blob/main/packages/runtime/runtime.js#L736=\ntry {\n  regeneratorRuntime = runtime;\n} catch (accidentalStrictMode) {\n  if (typeof globalThis === \"object\") {\n    globalThis.regeneratorRuntime = runtime;\n  } else {\n    Function(\"r\", \"regeneratorRuntime = r\")(runtime);\n  }\n}\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\nvar ReactPropTypesSecret = require('./lib/ReactPropTypesSecret');\n\nfunction emptyFunction() {}\nfunction emptyFunctionWithReset() {}\nemptyFunctionWithReset.resetWarningCache = emptyFunction;\n\nmodule.exports = function() {\n  function shim(props, propName, componentName, location, propFullName, secret) {\n    if (secret === ReactPropTypesSecret) {\n      // It is still safe when called from React.\n      return;\n    }\n    var err = new Error(\n      'Calling PropTypes validators directly is not supported by the `prop-types` package. ' +\n      'Use PropTypes.checkPropTypes() to call them. ' +\n      'Read more at http://fb.me/use-check-prop-types'\n    );\n    err.name = 'Invariant Violation';\n    throw err;\n  };\n  shim.isRequired = shim;\n  function getShim() {\n    return shim;\n  };\n  // Important!\n  // Keep this list in sync with production version in `./factoryWithTypeCheckers.js`.\n  var ReactPropTypes = {\n    array: shim,\n    bigint: shim,\n    bool: shim,\n    func: shim,\n    number: shim,\n    object: shim,\n    string: shim,\n    symbol: shim,\n\n    any: shim,\n    arrayOf: getShim,\n    element: shim,\n    elementType: shim,\n    instanceOf: getShim,\n    node: shim,\n    objectOf: getShim,\n    oneOf: getShim,\n    oneOfType: getShim,\n    shape: getShim,\n    exact: getShim,\n\n    checkPropTypes: emptyFunctionWithReset,\n    resetWarningCache: emptyFunction\n  };\n\n  ReactPropTypes.PropTypes = ReactPropTypes;\n\n  return ReactPropTypes;\n};\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  var ReactIs = require('react-is');\n\n  // By explicitly using `prop-types` you are opting into new development behavior.\n  // http://fb.me/prop-types-in-prod\n  var throwOnDirectAccess = true;\n  module.exports = require('./factoryWithTypeCheckers')(ReactIs.isElement, throwOnDirectAccess);\n} else {\n  // By explicitly using `prop-types` you are opting into new production behavior.\n  // http://fb.me/prop-types-in-prod\n  module.exports = require('./factoryWithThrowingShims')();\n}\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\nvar ReactPropTypesSecret = 'SECRET_DO_NOT_PASS_THIS_OR_YOU_WILL_BE_FIRED';\n\nmodule.exports = ReactPropTypesSecret;\n","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    enumerableOnly && (symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    })), keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread2(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = null != arguments[i] ? arguments[i] : {};\n    i % 2 ? ownKeys(Object(source), !0).forEach(function (key) {\n      _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    }) : Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ? Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source)) : ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n      Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _wrapRegExp() {\n  _wrapRegExp = function _wrapRegExp(re, groups) {\n    return new BabelRegExp(re, void 0, groups);\n  };\n  var _super = RegExp.prototype,\n    _groups = new WeakMap();\n  function BabelRegExp(re, flags, groups) {\n    var _this = new RegExp(re, flags);\n    return _groups.set(_this, groups || _groups.get(re)), _setPrototypeOf(_this, BabelRegExp.prototype);\n  }\n  function buildGroups(result, re) {\n    var g = _groups.get(re);\n    return Object.keys(g).reduce(function (groups, name) {\n      return groups[name] = result[g[name]], groups;\n    }, Object.create(null));\n  }\n  return _inherits(BabelRegExp, RegExp), BabelRegExp.prototype.exec = function (str) {\n    var result = _super.exec.call(this, str);\n    return result && (result.groups = buildGroups(result, this)), result;\n  }, BabelRegExp.prototype[Symbol.replace] = function (str, substitution) {\n    if (\"string\" == typeof substitution) {\n      var groups = _groups.get(this);\n      return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, substitution.replace(/\\$<([^>]+)>/g, function (_, name) {\n        return \"$\" + groups[name];\n      }));\n    }\n    if (\"function\" == typeof substitution) {\n      var _this = this;\n      return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, function () {\n        var args = arguments;\n        return \"object\" != typeof args[args.length - 1] && (args = [].slice.call(args)).push(buildGroups(args, _this)), substitution.apply(this, args);\n      });\n    }\n    return _super[Symbol.replace].call(this, str, substitution);\n  }, _wrapRegExp.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  Object.defineProperty(Constructor, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(subClass, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter[\"@@iterator\"] != null) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  var _i = arr == null ? null : typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && arr[Symbol.iterator] || arr[\"@@iterator\"];\n  if (_i == null) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _s, _e;\n  try {\n    for (_i = _i.call(arr); !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nvar noop = function noop() {};\nvar _WINDOW = {};\nvar _DOCUMENT = {};\nvar _MUTATION_OBSERVER = null;\nvar _PERFORMANCE = {\n  mark: noop,\n  measure: noop\n};\ntry {\n  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') _WINDOW = window;\n  if (typeof document !== 'undefined') _DOCUMENT = document;\n  if (typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined') _MUTATION_OBSERVER = MutationObserver;\n  if (typeof performance !== 'undefined') _PERFORMANCE = performance;\n} catch (e) {}\nvar _ref = _WINDOW.navigator || {},\n  _ref$userAgent = _ref.userAgent,\n  userAgent = _ref$userAgent === void 0 ? '' : _ref$userAgent;\nvar WINDOW = _WINDOW;\nvar DOCUMENT = _DOCUMENT;\nvar MUTATION_OBSERVER = _MUTATION_OBSERVER;\nvar PERFORMANCE = _PERFORMANCE;\nvar IS_BROWSER = !!WINDOW.document;\nvar IS_DOM = !!DOCUMENT.documentElement && !!DOCUMENT.head && typeof DOCUMENT.addEventListener === 'function' && typeof DOCUMENT.createElement === 'function';\nvar IS_IE = ~userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') || ~userAgent.indexOf('Trident/');\nvar _familyProxy, _familyProxy2, _familyProxy3, _familyProxy4, _familyProxy5;\nvar NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER = '___FONT_AWESOME___';\nvar UNITS_IN_GRID = 16;\nvar DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX = 'fa';\nvar DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS = 'svg-inline--fa';\nvar DATA_FA_I2SVG = 'data-fa-i2svg';\nvar DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT = 'data-fa-pseudo-element';\nvar DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT_PENDING = 'data-fa-pseudo-element-pending';\nvar DATA_PREFIX = 'data-prefix';\nvar DATA_ICON = 'data-icon';\nvar HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS = 'fontawesome-i2svg';\nvar MUTATION_APPROACH_ASYNC = 'async';\nvar TAGNAMES_TO_SKIP_FOR_PSEUDOELEMENTS = ['HTML', 'HEAD', 'STYLE', 'SCRIPT'];\nvar PRODUCTION = function () {\n  try {\n    return process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}();\nvar FAMILY_CLASSIC = 'classic';\nvar FAMILY_SHARP = 'sharp';\nvar FAMILIES = [FAMILY_CLASSIC, FAMILY_SHARP];\nfunction familyProxy(obj) {\n  // Defaults to the classic family if family is not available\n  return new Proxy(obj, {\n    get: function get(target, prop) {\n      return prop in target ? target[prop] : target[FAMILY_CLASSIC];\n    }\n  });\n}\nvar PREFIX_TO_STYLE = familyProxy((_familyProxy = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fa': 'solid',\n  'fas': 'solid',\n  'fa-solid': 'solid',\n  'far': 'regular',\n  'fa-regular': 'regular',\n  'fal': 'light',\n  'fa-light': 'light',\n  'fat': 'thin',\n  'fa-thin': 'thin',\n  'fad': 'duotone',\n  'fa-duotone': 'duotone',\n  'fab': 'brands',\n  'fa-brands': 'brands',\n  'fak': 'kit',\n  'fa-kit': 'kit'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fa': 'solid',\n  'fass': 'solid',\n  'fa-solid': 'solid'\n}), _familyProxy));\nvar STYLE_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy2 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy2, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'solid': 'fas',\n  'regular': 'far',\n  'light': 'fal',\n  'thin': 'fat',\n  'duotone': 'fad',\n  'brands': 'fab',\n  'kit': 'fak'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy2, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'solid': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy2));\nvar PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE = familyProxy((_familyProxy3 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy3, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fab': 'fa-brands',\n  'fad': 'fa-duotone',\n  'fak': 'fa-kit',\n  'fal': 'fa-light',\n  'far': 'fa-regular',\n  'fas': 'fa-solid',\n  'fat': 'fa-thin'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy3, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fass': 'fa-solid'\n}), _familyProxy3));\nvar LONG_STYLE_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy4 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy4, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  'fa-brands': 'fab',\n  'fa-duotone': 'fad',\n  'fa-kit': 'fak',\n  'fa-light': 'fal',\n  'fa-regular': 'far',\n  'fa-solid': 'fas',\n  'fa-thin': 'fat'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy4, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  'fa-solid': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy4));\nvar ICON_SELECTION_SYNTAX_PATTERN = /fa(s|r|l|t|d|b|k|ss)?[\\-\\ ]/; // eslint-disable-line no-useless-escape\n\nvar LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME = 'fa-layers-text';\nvar FONT_FAMILY_PATTERN = /Font ?Awesome ?([56 ]*)(Solid|Regular|Light|Thin|Duotone|Brands|Free|Pro|Sharp|Kit)?.*/i; // TODO: this needs to support fass\n// TODO: do we need to handle font-weight for kit SVG pseudo-elements?\n\nvar FONT_WEIGHT_TO_PREFIX = familyProxy((_familyProxy5 = {}, _defineProperty(_familyProxy5, FAMILY_CLASSIC, {\n  '900': 'fas',\n  '400': 'far',\n  'normal': 'far',\n  '300': 'fal',\n  '100': 'fat'\n}), _defineProperty(_familyProxy5, FAMILY_SHARP, {\n  '900': 'fass'\n}), _familyProxy5));\nvar oneToTen = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];\nvar oneToTwenty = oneToTen.concat([11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]);\nvar ATTRIBUTES_WATCHED_FOR_MUTATION = ['class', 'data-prefix', 'data-icon', 'data-fa-transform', 'data-fa-mask'];\nvar DUOTONE_CLASSES = {\n  GROUP: 'duotone-group',\n  SWAP_OPACITY: 'swap-opacity',\n  PRIMARY: 'primary',\n  SECONDARY: 'secondary'\n};\nvar prefixes = new Set();\nObject.keys(STYLE_TO_PREFIX[FAMILY_CLASSIC]).map(prefixes.add.bind(prefixes));\nObject.keys(STYLE_TO_PREFIX[FAMILY_SHARP]).map(prefixes.add.bind(prefixes));\nvar RESERVED_CLASSES = [].concat(FAMILIES, _toConsumableArray(prefixes), ['2xs', 'xs', 'sm', 'lg', 'xl', '2xl', 'beat', 'border', 'fade', 'beat-fade', 'bounce', 'flip-both', 'flip-horizontal', 'flip-vertical', 'flip', 'fw', 'inverse', 'layers-counter', 'layers-text', 'layers', 'li', 'pull-left', 'pull-right', 'pulse', 'rotate-180', 'rotate-270', 'rotate-90', 'rotate-by', 'shake', 'spin-pulse', 'spin-reverse', 'spin', 'stack-1x', 'stack-2x', 'stack', 'ul', DUOTONE_CLASSES.GROUP, DUOTONE_CLASSES.SWAP_OPACITY, DUOTONE_CLASSES.PRIMARY, DUOTONE_CLASSES.SECONDARY]).concat(oneToTen.map(function (n) {\n  return \"\".concat(n, \"x\");\n})).concat(oneToTwenty.map(function (n) {\n  return \"w-\".concat(n);\n}));\nvar initial = WINDOW.FontAwesomeConfig || {};\nfunction getAttrConfig(attr) {\n  var element = DOCUMENT.querySelector('script[' + attr + ']');\n  if (element) {\n    return element.getAttribute(attr);\n  }\n}\nfunction coerce(val) {\n  // Getting an empty string will occur if the attribute is set on the HTML tag but without a value\n  // We'll assume that this is an indication that it should be toggled to true\n  if (val === '') return true;\n  if (val === 'false') return false;\n  if (val === 'true') return true;\n  return val;\n}\nif (DOCUMENT && typeof DOCUMENT.querySelector === 'function') {\n  var attrs = [['data-family-prefix', 'familyPrefix'], ['data-css-prefix', 'cssPrefix'], ['data-family-default', 'familyDefault'], ['data-style-default', 'styleDefault'], ['data-replacement-class', 'replacementClass'], ['data-auto-replace-svg', 'autoReplaceSvg'], ['data-auto-add-css', 'autoAddCss'], ['data-auto-a11y', 'autoA11y'], ['data-search-pseudo-elements', 'searchPseudoElements'], ['data-observe-mutations', 'observeMutations'], ['data-mutate-approach', 'mutateApproach'], ['data-keep-original-source', 'keepOriginalSource'], ['data-measure-performance', 'measurePerformance'], ['data-show-missing-icons', 'showMissingIcons']];\n  attrs.forEach(function (_ref) {\n    var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n      attr = _ref2[0],\n      key = _ref2[1];\n    var val = coerce(getAttrConfig(attr));\n    if (val !== undefined && val !== null) {\n      initial[key] = val;\n    }\n  });\n}\nvar _default = {\n  styleDefault: 'solid',\n  familyDefault: 'classic',\n  cssPrefix: DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX,\n  replacementClass: DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS,\n  autoReplaceSvg: true,\n  autoAddCss: true,\n  autoA11y: true,\n  searchPseudoElements: false,\n  observeMutations: true,\n  mutateApproach: 'async',\n  keepOriginalSource: true,\n  measurePerformance: false,\n  showMissingIcons: true\n}; // familyPrefix is deprecated but we must still support it if present\n\nif (initial.familyPrefix) {\n  initial.cssPrefix = initial.familyPrefix;\n}\nvar _config = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, _default), initial);\nif (!_config.autoReplaceSvg) _config.observeMutations = false;\nvar config = {};\nObject.keys(_default).forEach(function (key) {\n  Object.defineProperty(config, key, {\n    enumerable: true,\n    set: function set(val) {\n      _config[key] = val;\n      _onChangeCb.forEach(function (cb) {\n        return cb(config);\n      });\n    },\n    get: function get() {\n      return _config[key];\n    }\n  });\n}); // familyPrefix is deprecated as of 6.2.0 and should be removed in 7.0.0\n\nObject.defineProperty(config, 'familyPrefix', {\n  enumerable: true,\n  set: function set(val) {\n    _config.cssPrefix = val;\n    _onChangeCb.forEach(function (cb) {\n      return cb(config);\n    });\n  },\n  get: function get() {\n    return _config.cssPrefix;\n  }\n});\nWINDOW.FontAwesomeConfig = config;\nvar _onChangeCb = [];\nfunction onChange(cb) {\n  _onChangeCb.push(cb);\n  return function () {\n    _onChangeCb.splice(_onChangeCb.indexOf(cb), 1);\n  };\n}\nvar d = UNITS_IN_GRID;\nvar meaninglessTransform = {\n  size: 16,\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  rotate: 0,\n  flipX: false,\n  flipY: false\n};\nfunction insertCss(css) {\n  if (!css || !IS_DOM) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var style = DOCUMENT.createElement('style');\n  style.setAttribute('type', 'text/css');\n  style.innerHTML = css;\n  var headChildren = DOCUMENT.head.childNodes;\n  var beforeChild = null;\n  for (var i = headChildren.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {\n    var child = headChildren[i];\n    var tagName = (child.tagName || '').toUpperCase();\n    if (['STYLE', 'LINK'].indexOf(tagName) > -1) {\n      beforeChild = child;\n    }\n  }\n  DOCUMENT.head.insertBefore(style, beforeChild);\n  return css;\n}\nvar idPool = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';\nfunction nextUniqueId() {\n  var size = 12;\n  var id = '';\n  while (size-- > 0) {\n    id += idPool[Math.random() * 62 | 0];\n  }\n  return id;\n}\nfunction toArray(obj) {\n  var array = [];\n  for (var i = (obj || []).length >>> 0; i--;) {\n    array[i] = obj[i];\n  }\n  return array;\n}\nfunction classArray(node) {\n  if (node.classList) {\n    return toArray(node.classList);\n  } else {\n    return (node.getAttribute('class') || '').split(' ').filter(function (i) {\n      return i;\n    });\n  }\n}\nfunction htmlEscape(str) {\n  return \"\".concat(str).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/\"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, '&#39;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');\n}\nfunction joinAttributes(attributes) {\n  return Object.keys(attributes || {}).reduce(function (acc, attributeName) {\n    return acc + \"\".concat(attributeName, \"=\\\"\").concat(htmlEscape(attributes[attributeName]), \"\\\" \");\n  }, '').trim();\n}\nfunction joinStyles(styles) {\n  return Object.keys(styles || {}).reduce(function (acc, styleName) {\n    return acc + \"\".concat(styleName, \": \").concat(styles[styleName].trim(), \";\");\n  }, '');\n}\nfunction transformIsMeaningful(transform) {\n  return transform.size !== meaninglessTransform.size || transform.x !== meaninglessTransform.x || transform.y !== meaninglessTransform.y || transform.rotate !== meaninglessTransform.rotate || transform.flipX || transform.flipY;\n}\nfunction transformForSvg(_ref) {\n  var transform = _ref.transform,\n    containerWidth = _ref.containerWidth,\n    iconWidth = _ref.iconWidth;\n  var outer = {\n    transform: \"translate(\".concat(containerWidth / 2, \" 256)\")\n  };\n  var innerTranslate = \"translate(\".concat(transform.x * 32, \", \").concat(transform.y * 32, \") \");\n  var innerScale = \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n  var innerRotate = \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \" 0 0)\");\n  var inner = {\n    transform: \"\".concat(innerTranslate, \" \").concat(innerScale, \" \").concat(innerRotate)\n  };\n  var path = {\n    transform: \"translate(\".concat(iconWidth / 2 * -1, \" -256)\")\n  };\n  return {\n    outer: outer,\n    inner: inner,\n    path: path\n  };\n}\nfunction transformForCss(_ref2) {\n  var transform = _ref2.transform,\n    _ref2$width = _ref2.width,\n    width = _ref2$width === void 0 ? UNITS_IN_GRID : _ref2$width,\n    _ref2$height = _ref2.height,\n    height = _ref2$height === void 0 ? UNITS_IN_GRID : _ref2$height,\n    _ref2$startCentered = _ref2.startCentered,\n    startCentered = _ref2$startCentered === void 0 ? false : _ref2$startCentered;\n  var val = '';\n  if (startCentered && IS_IE) {\n    val += \"translate(\".concat(transform.x / d - width / 2, \"em, \").concat(transform.y / d - height / 2, \"em) \");\n  } else if (startCentered) {\n    val += \"translate(calc(-50% + \".concat(transform.x / d, \"em), calc(-50% + \").concat(transform.y / d, \"em)) \");\n  } else {\n    val += \"translate(\".concat(transform.x / d, \"em, \").concat(transform.y / d, \"em) \");\n  }\n  val += \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / d * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / d * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n  val += \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \"deg) \");\n  return val;\n}\nvar baseStyles = \":root, :host {\\n  --fa-font-solid: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Solid\\\";\\n  --fa-font-regular: normal 400 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Regular\\\";\\n  --fa-font-light: normal 300 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Light\\\";\\n  --fa-font-thin: normal 100 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Thin\\\";\\n  --fa-font-duotone: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Duotone\\\";\\n  --fa-font-sharp-solid: normal 900 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Sharp\\\";\\n  --fa-font-brands: normal 400 1em/1 \\\"Font Awesome 6 Brands\\\";\\n}\\n\\nsvg:not(:root).svg-inline--fa, svg:not(:host).svg-inline--fa {\\n  overflow: visible;\\n  box-sizing: content-box;\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa {\\n  display: var(--fa-display, inline-block);\\n  height: 1em;\\n  overflow: visible;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-2xs {\\n  vertical-align: 0.1em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-xs {\\n  vertical-align: 0em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-sm {\\n  vertical-align: -0.0714285705em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-lg {\\n  vertical-align: -0.2em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-xl {\\n  vertical-align: -0.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-2xl {\\n  vertical-align: -0.3125em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-pull-left {\\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n  width: auto;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-pull-right {\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n  width: auto;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-li {\\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\\n  top: 0.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-fw {\\n  width: var(--fa-fw-width, 1.25em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers svg.svg-inline--fa {\\n  bottom: 0;\\n  left: 0;\\n  margin: auto;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  right: 0;\\n  top: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-counter, .fa-layers-text {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  text-align: center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  height: 1em;\\n  position: relative;\\n  text-align: center;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n  width: 1em;\\n}\\n.fa-layers svg.svg-inline--fa {\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: center center;\\n          transform-origin: center center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-text {\\n  left: 50%;\\n  top: 50%;\\n  -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\\n          transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: center center;\\n          transform-origin: center center;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-counter {\\n  background-color: var(--fa-counter-background-color, #ff253a);\\n  border-radius: var(--fa-counter-border-radius, 1em);\\n  box-sizing: border-box;\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n  line-height: var(--fa-counter-line-height, 1);\\n  max-width: var(--fa-counter-max-width, 5em);\\n  min-width: var(--fa-counter-min-width, 1.5em);\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  padding: var(--fa-counter-padding, 0.25em 0.5em);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  text-overflow: ellipsis;\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-counter-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-counter-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top right;\\n          transform-origin: top right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-bottom-right {\\n  bottom: var(--fa-bottom, 0);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  top: auto;\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: bottom right;\\n          transform-origin: bottom right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-bottom-left {\\n  bottom: var(--fa-bottom, 0);\\n  left: var(--fa-left, 0);\\n  right: auto;\\n  top: auto;\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: bottom left;\\n          transform-origin: bottom left;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-top-right {\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  right: var(--fa-right, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top right;\\n          transform-origin: top right;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-layers-top-left {\\n  left: var(--fa-left, 0);\\n  right: auto;\\n  top: var(--fa-top, 0);\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n          transform: scale(var(--fa-layers-scale, 0.25));\\n  -webkit-transform-origin: top left;\\n          transform-origin: top left;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-1x {\\n  font-size: 1em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2x {\\n  font-size: 2em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-3x {\\n  font-size: 3em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-4x {\\n  font-size: 4em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-5x {\\n  font-size: 5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-6x {\\n  font-size: 6em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-7x {\\n  font-size: 7em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-8x {\\n  font-size: 8em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-9x {\\n  font-size: 9em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-10x {\\n  font-size: 10em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2xs {\\n  font-size: 0.625em;\\n  line-height: 0.1em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.225em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-xs {\\n  font-size: 0.75em;\\n  line-height: 0.0833333337em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.125em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-sm {\\n  font-size: 0.875em;\\n  line-height: 0.0714285718em;\\n  vertical-align: 0.0535714295em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-lg {\\n  font-size: 1.25em;\\n  line-height: 0.05em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.075em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-xl {\\n  font-size: 1.5em;\\n  line-height: 0.0416666682em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.125em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-2xl {\\n  font-size: 2em;\\n  line-height: 0.03125em;\\n  vertical-align: -0.1875em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-fw {\\n  text-align: center;\\n  width: 1.25em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-ul {\\n  list-style-type: none;\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-li-margin, 2.5em);\\n  padding-left: 0;\\n}\\n.fa-ul > li {\\n  position: relative;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-li {\\n  left: calc(var(--fa-li-width, 2em) * -1);\\n  position: absolute;\\n  text-align: center;\\n  width: var(--fa-li-width, 2em);\\n  line-height: inherit;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-border {\\n  border-color: var(--fa-border-color, #eee);\\n  border-radius: var(--fa-border-radius, 0.1em);\\n  border-style: var(--fa-border-style, solid);\\n  border-width: var(--fa-border-width, 0.08em);\\n  padding: var(--fa-border-padding, 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pull-left {\\n  float: left;\\n  margin-right: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pull-right {\\n  float: right;\\n  margin-left: var(--fa-pull-margin, 0.3em);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-beat {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat;\\n          animation-name: fa-beat;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-bounce {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-bounce;\\n          animation-name: fa-bounce;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.28, 0.84, 0.42, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-fade {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-fade;\\n          animation-name: fa-fade;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-beat-fade {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\\n          animation-name: fa-beat-fade;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.6, 1));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-flip;\\n          animation-name: fa-flip;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, ease-in-out);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-shake {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-shake;\\n          animation-name: fa-shake;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-spin {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\\n  -webkit-animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n          animation-delay: var(--fa-animation-delay, 0s);\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 2s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, linear);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-spin-reverse {\\n  --fa-animation-direction: reverse;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-pulse,\\n.fa-spin-pulse {\\n  -webkit-animation-name: fa-spin;\\n          animation-name: fa-spin;\\n  -webkit-animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n          animation-direction: var(--fa-animation-direction, normal);\\n  -webkit-animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n          animation-duration: var(--fa-animation-duration, 1s);\\n  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n          animation-iteration-count: var(--fa-animation-iteration-count, infinite);\\n  -webkit-animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\\n          animation-timing-function: var(--fa-animation-timing, steps(8));\\n}\\n\\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\\n  .fa-beat,\\n.fa-bounce,\\n.fa-fade,\\n.fa-beat-fade,\\n.fa-flip,\\n.fa-pulse,\\n.fa-shake,\\n.fa-spin,\\n.fa-spin-pulse {\\n    -webkit-animation-delay: -1ms;\\n            animation-delay: -1ms;\\n    -webkit-animation-duration: 1ms;\\n            animation-duration: 1ms;\\n    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: 1;\\n            animation-iteration-count: 1;\\n    transition-delay: 0s;\\n    transition-duration: 0s;\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat {\\n  0%, 90% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  45% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-beat {\\n  0%, 90% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  45% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-scale, 1.25));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-bounce {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  10% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  30% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  57% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n  }\\n  64% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-bounce {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  10% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-x, 1.1), var(--fa-bounce-start-scale-y, 0.9)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  30% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-x, 0.9), var(--fa-bounce-jump-scale-y, 1.1)) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-height, -0.5em));\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-x, 1.05), var(--fa-bounce-land-scale-y, 0.95)) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  57% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(var(--fa-bounce-rebound, -0.125em));\\n  }\\n  64% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n            transform: scale(1, 1) translateY(0);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-fade {\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-fade {\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-beat-fade {\\n  0%, 100% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: 1;\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-beat-fade {\\n  0%, 100% {\\n    opacity: var(--fa-beat-fade-opacity, 0.4);\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(1);\\n            transform: scale(1);\\n  }\\n  50% {\\n    opacity: 1;\\n    -webkit-transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n            transform: scale(var(--fa-beat-fade-scale, 1.125));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-flip {\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-flip {\\n  50% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n            transform: rotate3d(var(--fa-flip-x, 0), var(--fa-flip-y, 1), var(--fa-flip-z, 0), var(--fa-flip-angle, -180deg));\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-shake {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n  }\\n  4% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\\n  }\\n  8%, 24% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n  }\\n  12%, 28% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\\n  }\\n  16% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n  }\\n  20% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\\n  }\\n  32% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n  }\\n  36% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\\n  }\\n  40%, 100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-shake {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-15deg);\\n  }\\n  4% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(15deg);\\n            transform: rotate(15deg);\\n  }\\n  8%, 24% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-18deg);\\n  }\\n  12%, 28% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(18deg);\\n            transform: rotate(18deg);\\n  }\\n  16% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-22deg);\\n  }\\n  20% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(22deg);\\n            transform: rotate(22deg);\\n  }\\n  32% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(-12deg);\\n  }\\n  36% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(12deg);\\n            transform: rotate(12deg);\\n  }\\n  40%, 100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n@keyframes fa-spin {\\n  0% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);\\n            transform: rotate(0deg);\\n  }\\n  100% {\\n    -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);\\n            transform: rotate(360deg);\\n  }\\n}\\n.fa-rotate-90 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);\\n          transform: rotate(90deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-180 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);\\n          transform: rotate(180deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-270 {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);\\n          transform: rotate(270deg);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-horizontal {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, 1);\\n          transform: scale(-1, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-vertical {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(1, -1);\\n          transform: scale(1, -1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-flip-both,\\n.fa-flip-horizontal.fa-flip-vertical {\\n  -webkit-transform: scale(-1, -1);\\n          transform: scale(-1, -1);\\n}\\n\\n.fa-rotate-by {\\n  -webkit-transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\\n          transform: rotate(var(--fa-rotate-angle, none));\\n}\\n\\n.fa-stack {\\n  display: inline-block;\\n  vertical-align: middle;\\n  height: 2em;\\n  position: relative;\\n  width: 2.5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-stack-1x,\\n.fa-stack-2x {\\n  bottom: 0;\\n  left: 0;\\n  margin: auto;\\n  position: absolute;\\n  right: 0;\\n  top: 0;\\n  z-index: var(--fa-stack-z-index, auto);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-1x {\\n  height: 1em;\\n  width: 1.25em;\\n}\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-stack-2x {\\n  height: 2em;\\n  width: 2.5em;\\n}\\n\\n.fa-inverse {\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n}\\n\\n.sr-only,\\n.fa-sr-only {\\n  position: absolute;\\n  width: 1px;\\n  height: 1px;\\n  padding: 0;\\n  margin: -1px;\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\\n  white-space: nowrap;\\n  border-width: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.sr-only-focusable:not(:focus),\\n.fa-sr-only-focusable:not(:focus) {\\n  position: absolute;\\n  width: 1px;\\n  height: 1px;\\n  padding: 0;\\n  margin: -1px;\\n  overflow: hidden;\\n  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);\\n  white-space: nowrap;\\n  border-width: 0;\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa .fa-primary {\\n  fill: var(--fa-primary-color, currentColor);\\n  opacity: var(--fa-primary-opacity, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa .fa-secondary {\\n  fill: var(--fa-secondary-color, currentColor);\\n  opacity: var(--fa-secondary-opacity, 0.4);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-swap-opacity .fa-primary {\\n  opacity: var(--fa-secondary-opacity, 0.4);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa.fa-swap-opacity .fa-secondary {\\n  opacity: var(--fa-primary-opacity, 1);\\n}\\n\\n.svg-inline--fa mask .fa-primary,\\n.svg-inline--fa mask .fa-secondary {\\n  fill: black;\\n}\\n\\n.fad.fa-inverse,\\n.fa-duotone.fa-inverse {\\n  color: var(--fa-inverse, #fff);\\n}\";\nfunction css() {\n  var dcp = DEFAULT_CSS_PREFIX;\n  var drc = DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT_CLASS;\n  var fp = config.cssPrefix;\n  var rc = config.replacementClass;\n  var s = baseStyles;\n  if (fp !== dcp || rc !== drc) {\n    var dPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\.\".concat(dcp, \"\\\\-\"), 'g');\n    var customPropPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\--\".concat(dcp, \"\\\\-\"), 'g');\n    var rPatt = new RegExp(\"\\\\.\".concat(drc), 'g');\n    s = s.replace(dPatt, \".\".concat(fp, \"-\")).replace(customPropPatt, \"--\".concat(fp, \"-\")).replace(rPatt, \".\".concat(rc));\n  }\n  return s;\n}\nvar _cssInserted = false;\nfunction ensureCss() {\n  if (config.autoAddCss && !_cssInserted) {\n    insertCss(css());\n    _cssInserted = true;\n  }\n}\nvar InjectCSS = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      dom: {\n        css: css,\n        insertCss: ensureCss\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      beforeDOMElementCreation: function beforeDOMElementCreation() {\n        ensureCss();\n      },\n      beforeI2svg: function beforeI2svg() {\n        ensureCss();\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar w = WINDOW || {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER]) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER] = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].styles) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].styles = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].hooks) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].hooks = {};\nif (!w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].shims) w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER].shims = [];\nvar namespace = w[NAMESPACE_IDENTIFIER];\nvar functions = [];\nvar listener = function listener() {\n  DOCUMENT.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', listener);\n  loaded = 1;\n  functions.map(function (fn) {\n    return fn();\n  });\n};\nvar loaded = false;\nif (IS_DOM) {\n  loaded = (DOCUMENT.documentElement.doScroll ? /^loaded|^c/ : /^loaded|^i|^c/).test(DOCUMENT.readyState);\n  if (!loaded) DOCUMENT.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', listener);\n}\nfunction domready(fn) {\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  loaded ? setTimeout(fn, 0) : functions.push(fn);\n}\nfunction toHtml(abstractNodes) {\n  var tag = abstractNodes.tag,\n    _abstractNodes$attrib = abstractNodes.attributes,\n    attributes = _abstractNodes$attrib === void 0 ? {} : _abstractNodes$attrib,\n    _abstractNodes$childr = abstractNodes.children,\n    children = _abstractNodes$childr === void 0 ? [] : _abstractNodes$childr;\n  if (typeof abstractNodes === 'string') {\n    return htmlEscape(abstractNodes);\n  } else {\n    return \"<\".concat(tag, \" \").concat(joinAttributes(attributes), \">\").concat(children.map(toHtml).join(''), \"</\").concat(tag, \">\");\n  }\n}\nfunction iconFromMapping(mapping, prefix, iconName) {\n  if (mapping && mapping[prefix] && mapping[prefix][iconName]) {\n    return {\n      prefix: prefix,\n      iconName: iconName,\n      icon: mapping[prefix][iconName]\n    };\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Internal helper to bind a function known to have 4 arguments\n * to a given context.\n */\n\nvar bindInternal4 = function bindInternal4(func, thisContext) {\n  return function (a, b, c, d) {\n    return func.call(thisContext, a, b, c, d);\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * # Reduce\n *\n * A fast object `.reduce()` implementation.\n *\n * @param  {Object}   subject      The object to reduce over.\n * @param  {Function} fn           The reducer function.\n * @param  {mixed}    initialValue The initial value for the reducer, defaults to subject[0].\n * @param  {Object}   thisContext  The context for the reducer.\n * @return {mixed}                 The final result.\n */\n\nvar reduce = function fastReduceObject(subject, fn, initialValue, thisContext) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(subject),\n    length = keys.length,\n    iterator = thisContext !== undefined ? bindInternal4(fn, thisContext) : fn,\n    i,\n    key,\n    result;\n  if (initialValue === undefined) {\n    i = 1;\n    result = subject[keys[0]];\n  } else {\n    i = 0;\n    result = initialValue;\n  }\n  for (; i < length; i++) {\n    key = keys[i];\n    result = iterator(result, subject[key], key, subject);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n\n/**\n * ucs2decode() and codePointAt() are both works of Mathias Bynens and licensed under MIT\n *\n * Copyright Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/>\n\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining\n * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the\n * \"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including\n * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,\n * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to\n * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to\n * the following conditions:\n\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be\n * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,\n * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF\n * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND\n * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE\n * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION\n * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION\n * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\nfunction ucs2decode(string) {\n  var output = [];\n  var counter = 0;\n  var length = string.length;\n  while (counter < length) {\n    var value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);\n    if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {\n      var extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);\n      if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) {\n        // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq\n        output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);\n      } else {\n        output.push(value);\n        counter--;\n      }\n    } else {\n      output.push(value);\n    }\n  }\n  return output;\n}\nfunction toHex(unicode) {\n  var decoded = ucs2decode(unicode);\n  return decoded.length === 1 ? decoded[0].toString(16) : null;\n}\nfunction codePointAt(string, index) {\n  var size = string.length;\n  var first = string.charCodeAt(index);\n  var second;\n  if (first >= 0xD800 && first <= 0xDBFF && size > index + 1) {\n    second = string.charCodeAt(index + 1);\n    if (second >= 0xDC00 && second <= 0xDFFF) {\n      return (first - 0xD800) * 0x400 + second - 0xDC00 + 0x10000;\n    }\n  }\n  return first;\n}\nfunction normalizeIcons(icons) {\n  return Object.keys(icons).reduce(function (acc, iconName) {\n    var icon = icons[iconName];\n    var expanded = !!icon.icon;\n    if (expanded) {\n      acc[icon.iconName] = icon.icon;\n    } else {\n      acc[iconName] = icon;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n}\nfunction defineIcons(prefix, icons) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  var _params$skipHooks = params.skipHooks,\n    skipHooks = _params$skipHooks === void 0 ? false : _params$skipHooks;\n  var normalized = normalizeIcons(icons);\n  if (typeof namespace.hooks.addPack === 'function' && !skipHooks) {\n    namespace.hooks.addPack(prefix, normalizeIcons(icons));\n  } else {\n    namespace.styles[prefix] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, namespace.styles[prefix] || {}), normalized);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Font Awesome 4 used the prefix of `fa` for all icons. With the introduction\n   * of new styles we needed to differentiate between them. Prefix `fa` is now an alias\n   * for `fas` so we'll ease the upgrade process for our users by automatically defining\n   * this as well.\n   */\n\n  if (prefix === 'fas') {\n    defineIcons('fa', icons);\n  }\n}\nvar duotonePathRe = [/*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*path d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  d1: 1,\n  d2: 2\n}), /*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  cls1: 1,\n  d1: 2,\n  cls2: 3,\n  d2: 4\n}), /*#__PURE__*/_wrapRegExp(/path class=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\".*d=\"((?:(?!\")[\\s\\S])+)\"/, {\n  cls1: 1,\n  d1: 2\n})];\nvar _LONG_STYLE, _PREFIXES, _PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY;\nvar styles = namespace.styles,\n  shims = namespace.shims;\nvar LONG_STYLE = (_LONG_STYLE = {}, _defineProperty(_LONG_STYLE, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.values(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_LONG_STYLE, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.values(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _LONG_STYLE);\nvar _defaultUsablePrefix = null;\nvar _byUnicode = {};\nvar _byLigature = {};\nvar _byOldName = {};\nvar _byOldUnicode = {};\nvar _byAlias = {};\nvar PREFIXES = (_PREFIXES = {}, _defineProperty(_PREFIXES, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_PREFIXES, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _PREFIXES);\nfunction isReserved(name) {\n  return ~RESERVED_CLASSES.indexOf(name);\n}\nfunction getIconName(cssPrefix, cls) {\n  var parts = cls.split('-');\n  var prefix = parts[0];\n  var iconName = parts.slice(1).join('-');\n  if (prefix === cssPrefix && iconName !== '' && !isReserved(iconName)) {\n    return iconName;\n  } else {\n    return null;\n  }\n}\nvar build = function build() {\n  var lookup = function lookup(reducer) {\n    return reduce(styles, function (o, style, prefix) {\n      o[prefix] = reduce(style, reducer, {});\n      return o;\n    }, {});\n  };\n  _byUnicode = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    if (icon[3]) {\n      acc[icon[3]] = iconName;\n    }\n    if (icon[2]) {\n      var aliases = icon[2].filter(function (a) {\n        return typeof a === 'number';\n      });\n      aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n        acc[alias.toString(16)] = iconName;\n      });\n    }\n    return acc;\n  });\n  _byLigature = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    acc[iconName] = iconName;\n    if (icon[2]) {\n      var aliases = icon[2].filter(function (a) {\n        return typeof a === 'string';\n      });\n      aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n        acc[alias] = iconName;\n      });\n    }\n    return acc;\n  });\n  _byAlias = lookup(function (acc, icon, iconName) {\n    var aliases = icon[2];\n    acc[iconName] = iconName;\n    aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n      acc[alias] = iconName;\n    });\n    return acc;\n  }); // If we have a Kit, we can't determine if regular is available since we\n  // could be auto-fetching it. We'll have to assume that it is available.\n\n  var hasRegular = 'far' in styles || config.autoFetchSvg;\n  var shimLookups = reduce(shims, function (acc, shim) {\n    var maybeNameMaybeUnicode = shim[0];\n    var prefix = shim[1];\n    var iconName = shim[2];\n    if (prefix === 'far' && !hasRegular) {\n      prefix = 'fas';\n    }\n    if (typeof maybeNameMaybeUnicode === 'string') {\n      acc.names[maybeNameMaybeUnicode] = {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof maybeNameMaybeUnicode === 'number') {\n      acc.unicodes[maybeNameMaybeUnicode.toString(16)] = {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: iconName\n      };\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {\n    names: {},\n    unicodes: {}\n  });\n  _byOldName = shimLookups.names;\n  _byOldUnicode = shimLookups.unicodes;\n  _defaultUsablePrefix = getCanonicalPrefix(config.styleDefault, {\n    family: config.familyDefault\n  });\n};\nonChange(function (c) {\n  _defaultUsablePrefix = getCanonicalPrefix(c.styleDefault, {\n    family: config.familyDefault\n  });\n});\nbuild();\nfunction byUnicode(prefix, unicode) {\n  return (_byUnicode[prefix] || {})[unicode];\n}\nfunction byLigature(prefix, ligature) {\n  return (_byLigature[prefix] || {})[ligature];\n}\nfunction byAlias(prefix, alias) {\n  return (_byAlias[prefix] || {})[alias];\n}\nfunction byOldName(name) {\n  return _byOldName[name] || {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null\n  };\n}\nfunction byOldUnicode(unicode) {\n  var oldUnicode = _byOldUnicode[unicode];\n  var newUnicode = byUnicode('fas', unicode);\n  return oldUnicode || (newUnicode ? {\n    prefix: 'fas',\n    iconName: newUnicode\n  } : null) || {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null\n  };\n}\nfunction getDefaultUsablePrefix() {\n  return _defaultUsablePrefix;\n}\nvar emptyCanonicalIcon = function emptyCanonicalIcon() {\n  return {\n    prefix: null,\n    iconName: null,\n    rest: []\n  };\n};\nfunction getCanonicalPrefix(styleOrPrefix) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$family = params.family,\n    family = _params$family === void 0 ? FAMILY_CLASSIC : _params$family;\n  var style = PREFIX_TO_STYLE[family][styleOrPrefix];\n  var prefix = STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][styleOrPrefix] || STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][style];\n  var defined = styleOrPrefix in namespace.styles ? styleOrPrefix : null;\n  return prefix || defined || null;\n}\nvar PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY = (_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY = {}, _defineProperty(_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY, FAMILY_CLASSIC, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC])), _defineProperty(_PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY, FAMILY_SHARP, Object.keys(PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP])), _PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY);\nfunction getCanonicalIcon(values) {\n  var _famProps;\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$skipLookups = params.skipLookups,\n    skipLookups = _params$skipLookups === void 0 ? false : _params$skipLookups;\n  var famProps = (_famProps = {}, _defineProperty(_famProps, FAMILY_CLASSIC, \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(FAMILY_CLASSIC)), _defineProperty(_famProps, FAMILY_SHARP, \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(FAMILY_SHARP)), _famProps);\n  var givenPrefix = null;\n  var family = FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n  if (values.includes(famProps[FAMILY_CLASSIC]) || values.some(function (v) {\n    return PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY[FAMILY_CLASSIC].includes(v);\n  })) {\n    family = FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n  }\n  if (values.includes(famProps[FAMILY_SHARP]) || values.some(function (v) {\n    return PREFIXES_FOR_FAMILY[FAMILY_SHARP].includes(v);\n  })) {\n    family = FAMILY_SHARP;\n  }\n  var canonical = values.reduce(function (acc, cls) {\n    var iconName = getIconName(config.cssPrefix, cls);\n    if (styles[cls]) {\n      cls = LONG_STYLE[family].includes(cls) ? LONG_STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][cls] : cls;\n      givenPrefix = cls;\n      acc.prefix = cls;\n    } else if (PREFIXES[family].indexOf(cls) > -1) {\n      givenPrefix = cls;\n      acc.prefix = getCanonicalPrefix(cls, {\n        family: family\n      });\n    } else if (iconName) {\n      acc.iconName = iconName;\n    } else if (cls !== config.replacementClass && cls !== famProps[FAMILY_CLASSIC] && cls !== famProps[FAMILY_SHARP]) {\n      acc.rest.push(cls);\n    }\n    if (!skipLookups && acc.prefix && acc.iconName) {\n      var shim = givenPrefix === 'fa' ? byOldName(acc.iconName) : {};\n      var aliasIconName = byAlias(acc.prefix, acc.iconName);\n      if (shim.prefix) {\n        givenPrefix = null;\n      }\n      acc.iconName = shim.iconName || aliasIconName || acc.iconName;\n      acc.prefix = shim.prefix || acc.prefix;\n      if (acc.prefix === 'far' && !styles['far'] && styles['fas'] && !config.autoFetchSvg) {\n        // Allow a fallback from the regular style to solid if regular is not available\n        // but only if we aren't auto-fetching SVGs\n        acc.prefix = 'fas';\n      }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, emptyCanonicalIcon());\n  if (values.includes('fa-brands') || values.includes('fab')) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fab';\n  }\n  if (values.includes('fa-duotone') || values.includes('fad')) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fad';\n  }\n  if (!canonical.prefix && family === FAMILY_SHARP && (styles['fass'] || config.autoFetchSvg)) {\n    canonical.prefix = 'fass';\n    canonical.iconName = byAlias(canonical.prefix, canonical.iconName) || canonical.iconName;\n  }\n  if (canonical.prefix === 'fa' || givenPrefix === 'fa') {\n    // The fa prefix is not canonical. So if it has made it through until this point\n    // we will shift it to the correct prefix.\n    canonical.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix() || 'fas';\n  }\n  return canonical;\n}\nvar Library = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function Library() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Library);\n    this.definitions = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(Library, [{\n    key: \"add\",\n    value: function add() {\n      var _this = this;\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, definitions = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        definitions[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      var additions = definitions.reduce(this._pullDefinitions, {});\n      Object.keys(additions).forEach(function (key) {\n        _this.definitions[key] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, _this.definitions[key] || {}), additions[key]);\n        defineIcons(key, additions[key]); // TODO can we stop doing this? We can't get the icons by 'fa-solid' any longer so this probably needs to change\n\n        var longPrefix = PREFIX_TO_LONG_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC][key];\n        if (longPrefix) defineIcons(longPrefix, additions[key]);\n        build();\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reset\",\n    value: function reset() {\n      this.definitions = {};\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"_pullDefinitions\",\n    value: function _pullDefinitions(additions, definition) {\n      var normalized = definition.prefix && definition.iconName && definition.icon ? {\n        0: definition\n      } : definition;\n      Object.keys(normalized).map(function (key) {\n        var _normalized$key = normalized[key],\n          prefix = _normalized$key.prefix,\n          iconName = _normalized$key.iconName,\n          icon = _normalized$key.icon;\n        var aliases = icon[2];\n        if (!additions[prefix]) additions[prefix] = {};\n        if (aliases.length > 0) {\n          aliases.forEach(function (alias) {\n            if (typeof alias === 'string') {\n              additions[prefix][alias] = icon;\n            }\n          });\n        }\n        additions[prefix][iconName] = icon;\n      });\n      return additions;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Library;\n}();\nvar _plugins = [];\nvar _hooks = {};\nvar providers = {};\nvar defaultProviderKeys = Object.keys(providers);\nfunction registerPlugins(nextPlugins, _ref) {\n  var obj = _ref.mixoutsTo;\n  _plugins = nextPlugins;\n  _hooks = {};\n  Object.keys(providers).forEach(function (k) {\n    if (defaultProviderKeys.indexOf(k) === -1) {\n      delete providers[k];\n    }\n  });\n  _plugins.forEach(function (plugin) {\n    var mixout = plugin.mixout ? plugin.mixout() : {};\n    Object.keys(mixout).forEach(function (tk) {\n      if (typeof mixout[tk] === 'function') {\n        obj[tk] = mixout[tk];\n      }\n      if (_typeof(mixout[tk]) === 'object') {\n        Object.keys(mixout[tk]).forEach(function (sk) {\n          if (!obj[tk]) {\n            obj[tk] = {};\n          }\n          obj[tk][sk] = mixout[tk][sk];\n        });\n      }\n    });\n    if (plugin.hooks) {\n      var hooks = plugin.hooks();\n      Object.keys(hooks).forEach(function (hook) {\n        if (!_hooks[hook]) {\n          _hooks[hook] = [];\n        }\n        _hooks[hook].push(hooks[hook]);\n      });\n    }\n    if (plugin.provides) {\n      plugin.provides(providers);\n    }\n  });\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction chainHooks(hook, accumulator) {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 2 ? _len - 2 : 0), _key = 2; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key - 2] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  var hookFns = _hooks[hook] || [];\n  hookFns.forEach(function (hookFn) {\n    accumulator = hookFn.apply(null, [accumulator].concat(args)); // eslint-disable-line no-useless-call\n  });\n\n  return accumulator;\n}\nfunction callHooks(hook) {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  var hookFns = _hooks[hook] || [];\n  hookFns.forEach(function (hookFn) {\n    hookFn.apply(null, args);\n  });\n  return undefined;\n}\nfunction callProvided() {\n  var hook = arguments[0];\n  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);\n  return providers[hook] ? providers[hook].apply(null, args) : undefined;\n}\nfunction findIconDefinition(iconLookup) {\n  if (iconLookup.prefix === 'fa') {\n    iconLookup.prefix = 'fas';\n  }\n  var iconName = iconLookup.iconName;\n  var prefix = iconLookup.prefix || getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  if (!iconName) return;\n  iconName = byAlias(prefix, iconName) || iconName;\n  return iconFromMapping(library.definitions, prefix, iconName) || iconFromMapping(namespace.styles, prefix, iconName);\n}\nvar library = new Library();\nvar noAuto = function noAuto() {\n  config.autoReplaceSvg = false;\n  config.observeMutations = false;\n  callHooks('noAuto');\n};\nvar dom = {\n  i2svg: function i2svg() {\n    var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    if (IS_DOM) {\n      callHooks('beforeI2svg', params);\n      callProvided('pseudoElements2svg', params);\n      return callProvided('i2svg', params);\n    } else {\n      return Promise.reject('Operation requires a DOM of some kind.');\n    }\n  },\n  watch: function watch() {\n    var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var autoReplaceSvgRoot = params.autoReplaceSvgRoot;\n    if (config.autoReplaceSvg === false) {\n      config.autoReplaceSvg = true;\n    }\n    config.observeMutations = true;\n    domready(function () {\n      autoReplace({\n        autoReplaceSvgRoot: autoReplaceSvgRoot\n      });\n      callHooks('watch', params);\n    });\n  }\n};\nvar parse = {\n  icon: function icon(_icon) {\n    if (_icon === null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (_typeof(_icon) === 'object' && _icon.prefix && _icon.iconName) {\n      return {\n        prefix: _icon.prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(_icon.prefix, _icon.iconName) || _icon.iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (Array.isArray(_icon) && _icon.length === 2) {\n      var iconName = _icon[1].indexOf('fa-') === 0 ? _icon[1].slice(3) : _icon[1];\n      var prefix = getCanonicalPrefix(_icon[0]);\n      return {\n        prefix: prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(prefix, iconName) || iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof _icon === 'string' && (_icon.indexOf(\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\")) > -1 || _icon.match(ICON_SELECTION_SYNTAX_PATTERN))) {\n      var canonicalIcon = getCanonicalIcon(_icon.split(' '), {\n        skipLookups: true\n      });\n      return {\n        prefix: canonicalIcon.prefix || getDefaultUsablePrefix(),\n        iconName: byAlias(canonicalIcon.prefix, canonicalIcon.iconName) || canonicalIcon.iconName\n      };\n    }\n    if (typeof _icon === 'string') {\n      var _prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n      return {\n        prefix: _prefix,\n        iconName: byAlias(_prefix, _icon) || _icon\n      };\n    }\n  }\n};\nvar api = {\n  noAuto: noAuto,\n  config: config,\n  dom: dom,\n  parse: parse,\n  library: library,\n  findIconDefinition: findIconDefinition,\n  toHtml: toHtml\n};\nvar autoReplace = function autoReplace() {\n  var params = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var _params$autoReplaceSv = params.autoReplaceSvgRoot,\n    autoReplaceSvgRoot = _params$autoReplaceSv === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$autoReplaceSv;\n  if ((Object.keys(namespace.styles).length > 0 || config.autoFetchSvg) && IS_DOM && config.autoReplaceSvg) api.dom.i2svg({\n    node: autoReplaceSvgRoot\n  });\n};\nfunction domVariants(val, abstractCreator) {\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'abstract', {\n    get: abstractCreator\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'html', {\n    get: function get() {\n      return val.abstract.map(function (a) {\n        return toHtml(a);\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(val, 'node', {\n    get: function get() {\n      if (!IS_DOM) return;\n      var container = DOCUMENT.createElement('div');\n      container.innerHTML = val.html;\n      return container.children;\n    }\n  });\n  return val;\n}\nfunction asIcon(_ref) {\n  var children = _ref.children,\n    main = _ref.main,\n    mask = _ref.mask,\n    attributes = _ref.attributes,\n    styles = _ref.styles,\n    transform = _ref.transform;\n  if (transformIsMeaningful(transform) && main.found && !mask.found) {\n    var width = main.width,\n      height = main.height;\n    var offset = {\n      x: width / height / 2,\n      y: 0.5\n    };\n    attributes['style'] = joinStyles(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, styles), {}, {\n      'transform-origin': \"\".concat(offset.x + transform.x / 16, \"em \").concat(offset.y + transform.y / 16, \"em\")\n    }));\n  }\n  return [{\n    tag: 'svg',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: children\n  }];\n}\nfunction asSymbol(_ref) {\n  var prefix = _ref.prefix,\n    iconName = _ref.iconName,\n    children = _ref.children,\n    attributes = _ref.attributes,\n    symbol = _ref.symbol;\n  var id = symbol === true ? \"\".concat(prefix, \"-\").concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(iconName) : symbol;\n  return [{\n    tag: 'svg',\n    attributes: {\n      style: 'display: none;'\n    },\n    children: [{\n      tag: 'symbol',\n      attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, attributes), {}, {\n        id: id\n      }),\n      children: children\n    }]\n  }];\n}\nfunction makeInlineSvgAbstract(params) {\n  var _params$icons = params.icons,\n    main = _params$icons.main,\n    mask = _params$icons.mask,\n    prefix = params.prefix,\n    iconName = params.iconName,\n    transform = params.transform,\n    symbol = params.symbol,\n    title = params.title,\n    maskId = params.maskId,\n    titleId = params.titleId,\n    extra = params.extra,\n    _params$watchable = params.watchable,\n    watchable = _params$watchable === void 0 ? false : _params$watchable;\n  var _ref = mask.found ? mask : main,\n    width = _ref.width,\n    height = _ref.height;\n  var isUploadedIcon = prefix === 'fak';\n  var attrClass = [config.replacementClass, iconName ? \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(iconName) : ''].filter(function (c) {\n    return extra.classes.indexOf(c) === -1;\n  }).filter(function (c) {\n    return c !== '' || !!c;\n  }).concat(extra.classes).join(' ');\n  var content = {\n    children: [],\n    attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), {}, {\n      'data-prefix': prefix,\n      'data-icon': iconName,\n      'class': attrClass,\n      'role': extra.attributes.role || 'img',\n      'xmlns': 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',\n      'viewBox': \"0 0 \".concat(width, \" \").concat(height)\n    })\n  };\n  var uploadedIconWidthStyle = isUploadedIcon && !~extra.classes.indexOf('fa-fw') ? {\n    width: \"\".concat(width / height * 16 * 0.0625, \"em\")\n  } : {};\n  if (watchable) {\n    content.attributes[DATA_FA_I2SVG] = '';\n  }\n  if (title) {\n    content.children.push({\n      tag: 'title',\n      attributes: {\n        id: content.attributes['aria-labelledby'] || \"title-\".concat(titleId || nextUniqueId())\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n    delete content.attributes.title;\n  }\n  var args = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, content), {}, {\n    prefix: prefix,\n    iconName: iconName,\n    main: main,\n    mask: mask,\n    maskId: maskId,\n    transform: transform,\n    symbol: symbol,\n    styles: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, uploadedIconWidthStyle), extra.styles)\n  });\n  var _ref2 = mask.found && main.found ? callProvided('generateAbstractMask', args) || {\n      children: [],\n      attributes: {}\n    } : callProvided('generateAbstractIcon', args) || {\n      children: [],\n      attributes: {}\n    },\n    children = _ref2.children,\n    attributes = _ref2.attributes;\n  args.children = children;\n  args.attributes = attributes;\n  if (symbol) {\n    return asSymbol(args);\n  } else {\n    return asIcon(args);\n  }\n}\nfunction makeLayersTextAbstract(params) {\n  var content = params.content,\n    width = params.width,\n    height = params.height,\n    transform = params.transform,\n    title = params.title,\n    extra = params.extra,\n    _params$watchable2 = params.watchable,\n    watchable = _params$watchable2 === void 0 ? false : _params$watchable2;\n  var attributes = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), title ? {\n    'title': title\n  } : {}), {}, {\n    'class': extra.classes.join(' ')\n  });\n  if (watchable) {\n    attributes[DATA_FA_I2SVG] = '';\n  }\n  var styles = _objectSpread2({}, extra.styles);\n  if (transformIsMeaningful(transform)) {\n    styles['transform'] = transformForCss({\n      transform: transform,\n      startCentered: true,\n      width: width,\n      height: height\n    });\n    styles['-webkit-transform'] = styles['transform'];\n  }\n  var styleString = joinStyles(styles);\n  if (styleString.length > 0) {\n    attributes['style'] = styleString;\n  }\n  var val = [];\n  val.push({\n    tag: 'span',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: [content]\n  });\n  if (title) {\n    val.push({\n      tag: 'span',\n      attributes: {\n        class: 'sr-only'\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction makeLayersCounterAbstract(params) {\n  var content = params.content,\n    title = params.title,\n    extra = params.extra;\n  var attributes = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, extra.attributes), title ? {\n    'title': title\n  } : {}), {}, {\n    'class': extra.classes.join(' ')\n  });\n  var styleString = joinStyles(extra.styles);\n  if (styleString.length > 0) {\n    attributes['style'] = styleString;\n  }\n  var val = [];\n  val.push({\n    tag: 'span',\n    attributes: attributes,\n    children: [content]\n  });\n  if (title) {\n    val.push({\n      tag: 'span',\n      attributes: {\n        class: 'sr-only'\n      },\n      children: [title]\n    });\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nvar styles$1 = namespace.styles;\nfunction asFoundIcon(icon) {\n  var width = icon[0];\n  var height = icon[1];\n  var _icon$slice = icon.slice(4),\n    _icon$slice2 = _slicedToArray(_icon$slice, 1),\n    vectorData = _icon$slice2[0];\n  var element = null;\n  if (Array.isArray(vectorData)) {\n    element = {\n      tag: 'g',\n      attributes: {\n        class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.GROUP)\n      },\n      children: [{\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: {\n          class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.SECONDARY),\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          d: vectorData[0]\n        }\n      }, {\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: {\n          class: \"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-\").concat(DUOTONE_CLASSES.PRIMARY),\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          d: vectorData[1]\n        }\n      }]\n    };\n  } else {\n    element = {\n      tag: 'path',\n      attributes: {\n        fill: 'currentColor',\n        d: vectorData\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    found: true,\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    icon: element\n  };\n}\nvar missingIconResolutionMixin = {\n  found: false,\n  width: 512,\n  height: 512\n};\nfunction maybeNotifyMissing(iconName, prefix) {\n  if (!PRODUCTION && !config.showMissingIcons && iconName) {\n    console.error(\"Icon with name \\\"\".concat(iconName, \"\\\" and prefix \\\"\").concat(prefix, \"\\\" is missing.\"));\n  }\n}\nfunction findIcon(iconName, prefix) {\n  var givenPrefix = prefix;\n  if (prefix === 'fa' && config.styleDefault !== null) {\n    prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  }\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    var val = {\n      found: false,\n      width: 512,\n      height: 512,\n      icon: callProvided('missingIconAbstract') || {}\n    };\n    if (givenPrefix === 'fa') {\n      var shim = byOldName(iconName) || {};\n      iconName = shim.iconName || iconName;\n      prefix = shim.prefix || prefix;\n    }\n    if (iconName && prefix && styles$1[prefix] && styles$1[prefix][iconName]) {\n      var icon = styles$1[prefix][iconName];\n      return resolve(asFoundIcon(icon));\n    }\n    maybeNotifyMissing(iconName, prefix);\n    resolve(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, missingIconResolutionMixin), {}, {\n      icon: config.showMissingIcons && iconName ? callProvided('missingIconAbstract') || {} : {}\n    }));\n  });\n}\nvar noop$1 = function noop() {};\nvar p = config.measurePerformance && PERFORMANCE && PERFORMANCE.mark && PERFORMANCE.measure ? PERFORMANCE : {\n  mark: noop$1,\n  measure: noop$1\n};\nvar preamble = \"FA \\\"6.2.1\\\"\";\nvar begin = function begin(name) {\n  p.mark(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" begins\"));\n  return function () {\n    return end(name);\n  };\n};\nvar end = function end(name) {\n  p.mark(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" ends\"));\n  p.measure(\"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name), \"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" begins\"), \"\".concat(preamble, \" \").concat(name, \" ends\"));\n};\nvar perf = {\n  begin: begin,\n  end: end\n};\nvar noop$2 = function noop() {};\nfunction isWatched(node) {\n  var i2svg = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG) : null;\n  return typeof i2svg === 'string';\n}\nfunction hasPrefixAndIcon(node) {\n  var prefix = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_PREFIX) : null;\n  var icon = node.getAttribute ? node.getAttribute(DATA_ICON) : null;\n  return prefix && icon;\n}\nfunction hasBeenReplaced(node) {\n  return node && node.classList && node.classList.contains && node.classList.contains(config.replacementClass);\n}\nfunction getMutator() {\n  if (config.autoReplaceSvg === true) {\n    return mutators.replace;\n  }\n  var mutator = mutators[config.autoReplaceSvg];\n  return mutator || mutators.replace;\n}\nfunction createElementNS(tag) {\n  return DOCUMENT.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', tag);\n}\nfunction createElement(tag) {\n  return DOCUMENT.createElement(tag);\n}\nfunction convertSVG(abstractObj) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$ceFn = params.ceFn,\n    ceFn = _params$ceFn === void 0 ? abstractObj.tag === 'svg' ? createElementNS : createElement : _params$ceFn;\n  if (typeof abstractObj === 'string') {\n    return DOCUMENT.createTextNode(abstractObj);\n  }\n  var tag = ceFn(abstractObj.tag);\n  Object.keys(abstractObj.attributes || []).forEach(function (key) {\n    tag.setAttribute(key, abstractObj.attributes[key]);\n  });\n  var children = abstractObj.children || [];\n  children.forEach(function (child) {\n    tag.appendChild(convertSVG(child, {\n      ceFn: ceFn\n    }));\n  });\n  return tag;\n}\nfunction nodeAsComment(node) {\n  var comment = \" \".concat(node.outerHTML, \" \");\n  /* BEGIN.ATTRIBUTION */\n\n  comment = \"\".concat(comment, \"Font Awesome fontawesome.com \");\n  /* END.ATTRIBUTION */\n\n  return comment;\n}\nvar mutators = {\n  replace: function replace(mutation) {\n    var node = mutation[0];\n    if (node.parentNode) {\n      mutation[1].forEach(function (abstract) {\n        node.parentNode.insertBefore(convertSVG(abstract), node);\n      });\n      if (node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG) === null && config.keepOriginalSource) {\n        var comment = DOCUMENT.createComment(nodeAsComment(node));\n        node.parentNode.replaceChild(comment, node);\n      } else {\n        node.remove();\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  nest: function nest(mutation) {\n    var node = mutation[0];\n    var abstract = mutation[1]; // If we already have a replaced node we do not want to continue nesting within it.\n    // Short-circuit to the standard replacement\n\n    if (~classArray(node).indexOf(config.replacementClass)) {\n      return mutators.replace(mutation);\n    }\n    var forSvg = new RegExp(\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-.*\"));\n    delete abstract[0].attributes.id;\n    if (abstract[0].attributes.class) {\n      var splitClasses = abstract[0].attributes.class.split(' ').reduce(function (acc, cls) {\n        if (cls === config.replacementClass || cls.match(forSvg)) {\n          acc.toSvg.push(cls);\n        } else {\n          acc.toNode.push(cls);\n        }\n        return acc;\n      }, {\n        toNode: [],\n        toSvg: []\n      });\n      abstract[0].attributes.class = splitClasses.toSvg.join(' ');\n      if (splitClasses.toNode.length === 0) {\n        node.removeAttribute('class');\n      } else {\n        node.setAttribute('class', splitClasses.toNode.join(' '));\n      }\n    }\n    var newInnerHTML = abstract.map(function (a) {\n      return toHtml(a);\n    }).join('\\n');\n    node.setAttribute(DATA_FA_I2SVG, '');\n    node.innerHTML = newInnerHTML;\n  }\n};\nfunction performOperationSync(op) {\n  op();\n}\nfunction perform(mutations, callback) {\n  var callbackFunction = typeof callback === 'function' ? callback : noop$2;\n  if (mutations.length === 0) {\n    callbackFunction();\n  } else {\n    var frame = performOperationSync;\n    if (config.mutateApproach === MUTATION_APPROACH_ASYNC) {\n      frame = WINDOW.requestAnimationFrame || performOperationSync;\n    }\n    frame(function () {\n      var mutator = getMutator();\n      var mark = perf.begin('mutate');\n      mutations.map(mutator);\n      mark();\n      callbackFunction();\n    });\n  }\n}\nvar disabled = false;\nfunction disableObservation() {\n  disabled = true;\n}\nfunction enableObservation() {\n  disabled = false;\n}\nvar mo = null;\nfunction observe(options) {\n  if (!MUTATION_OBSERVER) {\n    return;\n  }\n  if (!config.observeMutations) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var _options$treeCallback = options.treeCallback,\n    treeCallback = _options$treeCallback === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$treeCallback,\n    _options$nodeCallback = options.nodeCallback,\n    nodeCallback = _options$nodeCallback === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$nodeCallback,\n    _options$pseudoElemen = options.pseudoElementsCallback,\n    pseudoElementsCallback = _options$pseudoElemen === void 0 ? noop$2 : _options$pseudoElemen,\n    _options$observeMutat = options.observeMutationsRoot,\n    observeMutationsRoot = _options$observeMutat === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _options$observeMutat;\n  mo = new MUTATION_OBSERVER(function (objects) {\n    if (disabled) return;\n    var defaultPrefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n    toArray(objects).forEach(function (mutationRecord) {\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'childList' && mutationRecord.addedNodes.length > 0 && !isWatched(mutationRecord.addedNodes[0])) {\n        if (config.searchPseudoElements) {\n          pseudoElementsCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n        }\n        treeCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n      }\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'attributes' && mutationRecord.target.parentNode && config.searchPseudoElements) {\n        pseudoElementsCallback(mutationRecord.target.parentNode);\n      }\n      if (mutationRecord.type === 'attributes' && isWatched(mutationRecord.target) && ~ATTRIBUTES_WATCHED_FOR_MUTATION.indexOf(mutationRecord.attributeName)) {\n        if (mutationRecord.attributeName === 'class' && hasPrefixAndIcon(mutationRecord.target)) {\n          var _getCanonicalIcon = getCanonicalIcon(classArray(mutationRecord.target)),\n            prefix = _getCanonicalIcon.prefix,\n            iconName = _getCanonicalIcon.iconName;\n          mutationRecord.target.setAttribute(DATA_PREFIX, prefix || defaultPrefix);\n          if (iconName) mutationRecord.target.setAttribute(DATA_ICON, iconName);\n        } else if (hasBeenReplaced(mutationRecord.target)) {\n          nodeCallback(mutationRecord.target);\n        }\n      }\n    });\n  });\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  mo.observe(observeMutationsRoot, {\n    childList: true,\n    attributes: true,\n    characterData: true,\n    subtree: true\n  });\n}\nfunction disconnect() {\n  if (!mo) return;\n  mo.disconnect();\n}\nfunction styleParser(node) {\n  var style = node.getAttribute('style');\n  var val = [];\n  if (style) {\n    val = style.split(';').reduce(function (acc, style) {\n      var styles = style.split(':');\n      var prop = styles[0];\n      var value = styles.slice(1);\n      if (prop && value.length > 0) {\n        acc[prop] = value.join(':').trim();\n      }\n      return acc;\n    }, {});\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction classParser(node) {\n  var existingPrefix = node.getAttribute('data-prefix');\n  var existingIconName = node.getAttribute('data-icon');\n  var innerText = node.innerText !== undefined ? node.innerText.trim() : '';\n  var val = getCanonicalIcon(classArray(node));\n  if (!val.prefix) {\n    val.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n  }\n  if (existingPrefix && existingIconName) {\n    val.prefix = existingPrefix;\n    val.iconName = existingIconName;\n  }\n  if (val.iconName && val.prefix) {\n    return val;\n  }\n  if (val.prefix && innerText.length > 0) {\n    val.iconName = byLigature(val.prefix, node.innerText) || byUnicode(val.prefix, toHex(node.innerText));\n  }\n  if (!val.iconName && config.autoFetchSvg && node.firstChild && node.firstChild.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {\n    val.iconName = node.firstChild.data;\n  }\n  return val;\n}\nfunction attributesParser(node) {\n  var extraAttributes = toArray(node.attributes).reduce(function (acc, attr) {\n    if (acc.name !== 'class' && acc.name !== 'style') {\n      acc[attr.name] = attr.value;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n  var title = node.getAttribute('title');\n  var titleId = node.getAttribute('data-fa-title-id');\n  if (config.autoA11y) {\n    if (title) {\n      extraAttributes['aria-labelledby'] = \"\".concat(config.replacementClass, \"-title-\").concat(titleId || nextUniqueId());\n    } else {\n      extraAttributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n      extraAttributes['focusable'] = 'false';\n    }\n  }\n  return extraAttributes;\n}\nfunction blankMeta() {\n  return {\n    iconName: null,\n    title: null,\n    titleId: null,\n    prefix: null,\n    transform: meaninglessTransform,\n    symbol: false,\n    mask: {\n      iconName: null,\n      prefix: null,\n      rest: []\n    },\n    maskId: null,\n    extra: {\n      classes: [],\n      styles: {},\n      attributes: {}\n    }\n  };\n}\nfunction parseMeta(node) {\n  var parser = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n    styleParser: true\n  };\n  var _classParser = classParser(node),\n    iconName = _classParser.iconName,\n    prefix = _classParser.prefix,\n    extraClasses = _classParser.rest;\n  var extraAttributes = attributesParser(node);\n  var pluginMeta = chainHooks('parseNodeAttributes', {}, node);\n  var extraStyles = parser.styleParser ? styleParser(node) : [];\n  return _objectSpread2({\n    iconName: iconName,\n    title: node.getAttribute('title'),\n    titleId: node.getAttribute('data-fa-title-id'),\n    prefix: prefix,\n    transform: meaninglessTransform,\n    mask: {\n      iconName: null,\n      prefix: null,\n      rest: []\n    },\n    maskId: null,\n    symbol: false,\n    extra: {\n      classes: extraClasses,\n      styles: extraStyles,\n      attributes: extraAttributes\n    }\n  }, pluginMeta);\n}\nvar styles$2 = namespace.styles;\nfunction generateMutation(node) {\n  var nodeMeta = config.autoReplaceSvg === 'nest' ? parseMeta(node, {\n    styleParser: false\n  }) : parseMeta(node);\n  if (~nodeMeta.extra.classes.indexOf(LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME)) {\n    return callProvided('generateLayersText', node, nodeMeta);\n  } else {\n    return callProvided('generateSvgReplacementMutation', node, nodeMeta);\n  }\n}\nvar knownPrefixes = new Set();\nFAMILIES.map(function (family) {\n  knownPrefixes.add(\"fa-\".concat(family));\n});\nObject.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_CLASSIC]).map(knownPrefixes.add.bind(knownPrefixes));\nObject.keys(PREFIX_TO_STYLE[FAMILY_SHARP]).map(knownPrefixes.add.bind(knownPrefixes));\nknownPrefixes = _toConsumableArray(knownPrefixes);\nfunction onTree(root) {\n  var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : null;\n  if (!IS_DOM) return Promise.resolve();\n  var htmlClassList = DOCUMENT.documentElement.classList;\n  var hclAdd = function hclAdd(suffix) {\n    return htmlClassList.add(\"\".concat(HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS, \"-\").concat(suffix));\n  };\n  var hclRemove = function hclRemove(suffix) {\n    return htmlClassList.remove(\"\".concat(HTML_CLASS_I2SVG_BASE_CLASS, \"-\").concat(suffix));\n  };\n  var prefixes = config.autoFetchSvg ? knownPrefixes : FAMILIES.map(function (f) {\n    return \"fa-\".concat(f);\n  }).concat(Object.keys(styles$2));\n  if (!prefixes.includes('fa')) {\n    prefixes.push('fa');\n  }\n  var prefixesDomQuery = [\".\".concat(LAYERS_TEXT_CLASSNAME, \":not([\").concat(DATA_FA_I2SVG, \"])\")].concat(prefixes.map(function (p) {\n    return \".\".concat(p, \":not([\").concat(DATA_FA_I2SVG, \"])\");\n  })).join(', ');\n  if (prefixesDomQuery.length === 0) {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n  var candidates = [];\n  try {\n    candidates = toArray(root.querySelectorAll(prefixesDomQuery));\n  } catch (e) {// noop\n  }\n  if (candidates.length > 0) {\n    hclAdd('pending');\n    hclRemove('complete');\n  } else {\n    return Promise.resolve();\n  }\n  var mark = perf.begin('onTree');\n  var mutations = candidates.reduce(function (acc, node) {\n    try {\n      var mutation = generateMutation(node);\n      if (mutation) {\n        acc.push(mutation);\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      if (!PRODUCTION) {\n        if (e.name === 'MissingIcon') {\n          console.error(e);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, []);\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    Promise.all(mutations).then(function (resolvedMutations) {\n      perform(resolvedMutations, function () {\n        hclAdd('active');\n        hclAdd('complete');\n        hclRemove('pending');\n        if (typeof callback === 'function') callback();\n        mark();\n        resolve();\n      });\n    }).catch(function (e) {\n      mark();\n      reject(e);\n    });\n  });\n}\nfunction onNode(node) {\n  var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : null;\n  generateMutation(node).then(function (mutation) {\n    if (mutation) {\n      perform([mutation], callback);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction resolveIcons(next) {\n  return function (maybeIconDefinition) {\n    var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    var iconDefinition = (maybeIconDefinition || {}).icon ? maybeIconDefinition : findIconDefinition(maybeIconDefinition || {});\n    var mask = params.mask;\n    if (mask) {\n      mask = (mask || {}).icon ? mask : findIconDefinition(mask || {});\n    }\n    return next(iconDefinition, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, params), {}, {\n      mask: mask\n    }));\n  };\n}\nvar render = function render(iconDefinition) {\n  var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var _params$transform = params.transform,\n    transform = _params$transform === void 0 ? meaninglessTransform : _params$transform,\n    _params$symbol = params.symbol,\n    symbol = _params$symbol === void 0 ? false : _params$symbol,\n    _params$mask = params.mask,\n    mask = _params$mask === void 0 ? null : _params$mask,\n    _params$maskId = params.maskId,\n    maskId = _params$maskId === void 0 ? null : _params$maskId,\n    _params$title = params.title,\n    title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n    _params$titleId = params.titleId,\n    titleId = _params$titleId === void 0 ? null : _params$titleId,\n    _params$classes = params.classes,\n    classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n    _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n    attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n    _params$styles = params.styles,\n    styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n  if (!iconDefinition) return;\n  var prefix = iconDefinition.prefix,\n    iconName = iconDefinition.iconName,\n    icon = iconDefinition.icon;\n  return domVariants(_objectSpread2({\n    type: 'icon'\n  }, iconDefinition), function () {\n    callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n      iconDefinition: iconDefinition,\n      params: params\n    });\n    if (config.autoA11y) {\n      if (title) {\n        attributes['aria-labelledby'] = \"\".concat(config.replacementClass, \"-title-\").concat(titleId || nextUniqueId());\n      } else {\n        attributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n        attributes['focusable'] = 'false';\n      }\n    }\n    return makeInlineSvgAbstract({\n      icons: {\n        main: asFoundIcon(icon),\n        mask: mask ? asFoundIcon(mask.icon) : {\n          found: false,\n          width: null,\n          height: null,\n          icon: {}\n        }\n      },\n      prefix: prefix,\n      iconName: iconName,\n      transform: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meaninglessTransform), transform),\n      symbol: symbol,\n      title: title,\n      maskId: maskId,\n      titleId: titleId,\n      extra: {\n        attributes: attributes,\n        styles: styles,\n        classes: classes\n      }\n    });\n  });\n};\nvar ReplaceElements = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      icon: resolveIcons(render)\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      mutationObserverCallbacks: function mutationObserverCallbacks(accumulator) {\n        accumulator.treeCallback = onTree;\n        accumulator.nodeCallback = onNode;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.i2svg = function (params) {\n      var _params$node = params.node,\n        node = _params$node === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$node,\n        _params$callback = params.callback,\n        callback = _params$callback === void 0 ? function () {} : _params$callback;\n      return onTree(node, callback);\n    };\n    providers$$1.generateSvgReplacementMutation = function (node, nodeMeta) {\n      var iconName = nodeMeta.iconName,\n        title = nodeMeta.title,\n        titleId = nodeMeta.titleId,\n        prefix = nodeMeta.prefix,\n        transform = nodeMeta.transform,\n        symbol = nodeMeta.symbol,\n        mask = nodeMeta.mask,\n        maskId = nodeMeta.maskId,\n        extra = nodeMeta.extra;\n      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n        Promise.all([findIcon(iconName, prefix), mask.iconName ? findIcon(mask.iconName, mask.prefix) : Promise.resolve({\n          found: false,\n          width: 512,\n          height: 512,\n          icon: {}\n        })]).then(function (_ref) {\n          var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n            main = _ref2[0],\n            mask = _ref2[1];\n          resolve([node, makeInlineSvgAbstract({\n            icons: {\n              main: main,\n              mask: mask\n            },\n            prefix: prefix,\n            iconName: iconName,\n            transform: transform,\n            symbol: symbol,\n            maskId: maskId,\n            title: title,\n            titleId: titleId,\n            extra: extra,\n            watchable: true\n          })]);\n        }).catch(reject);\n      });\n    };\n    providers$$1.generateAbstractIcon = function (_ref3) {\n      var children = _ref3.children,\n        attributes = _ref3.attributes,\n        main = _ref3.main,\n        transform = _ref3.transform,\n        styles = _ref3.styles;\n      var styleString = joinStyles(styles);\n      if (styleString.length > 0) {\n        attributes['style'] = styleString;\n      }\n      var nextChild;\n      if (transformIsMeaningful(transform)) {\n        nextChild = callProvided('generateAbstractTransformGrouping', {\n          main: main,\n          transform: transform,\n          containerWidth: main.width,\n          iconWidth: main.width\n        });\n      }\n      children.push(nextChild || main.icon);\n      return {\n        children: children,\n        attributes: attributes\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar Layers = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      layer: function layer(assembler) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'layer'\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            assembler: assembler,\n            params: params\n          });\n          var children = [];\n          assembler(function (args) {\n            Array.isArray(args) ? args.map(function (a) {\n              children = children.concat(a.abstract);\n            }) : children = children.concat(args.abstract);\n          });\n          return [{\n            tag: 'span',\n            attributes: {\n              class: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes)).join(' ')\n            },\n            children: children\n          }];\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar LayersCounter = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      counter: function counter(content) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$title = params.title,\n          title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n          _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n          _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n          attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n          _params$styles = params.styles,\n          styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'counter',\n          content: content\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            content: content,\n            params: params\n          });\n          return makeLayersCounterAbstract({\n            content: content.toString(),\n            title: title,\n            extra: {\n              attributes: attributes,\n              styles: styles,\n              classes: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers-counter\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes))\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar LayersText = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      text: function text(content) {\n        var params = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n        var _params$transform = params.transform,\n          transform = _params$transform === void 0 ? meaninglessTransform : _params$transform,\n          _params$title = params.title,\n          title = _params$title === void 0 ? null : _params$title,\n          _params$classes = params.classes,\n          classes = _params$classes === void 0 ? [] : _params$classes,\n          _params$attributes = params.attributes,\n          attributes = _params$attributes === void 0 ? {} : _params$attributes,\n          _params$styles = params.styles,\n          styles = _params$styles === void 0 ? {} : _params$styles;\n        return domVariants({\n          type: 'text',\n          content: content\n        }, function () {\n          callHooks('beforeDOMElementCreation', {\n            content: content,\n            params: params\n          });\n          return makeLayersTextAbstract({\n            content: content,\n            transform: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meaninglessTransform), transform),\n            title: title,\n            extra: {\n              attributes: attributes,\n              styles: styles,\n              classes: [\"\".concat(config.cssPrefix, \"-layers-text\")].concat(_toConsumableArray(classes))\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.generateLayersText = function (node, nodeMeta) {\n      var title = nodeMeta.title,\n        transform = nodeMeta.transform,\n        extra = nodeMeta.extra;\n      var width = null;\n      var height = null;\n      if (IS_IE) {\n        var computedFontSize = parseInt(getComputedStyle(node).fontSize, 10);\n        var boundingClientRect = node.getBoundingClientRect();\n        width = boundingClientRect.width / computedFontSize;\n        height = boundingClientRect.height / computedFontSize;\n      }\n      if (config.autoA11y && !title) {\n        extra.attributes['aria-hidden'] = 'true';\n      }\n      return Promise.resolve([node, makeLayersTextAbstract({\n        content: node.innerHTML,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        transform: transform,\n        title: title,\n        extra: extra,\n        watchable: true\n      })]);\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar CLEAN_CONTENT_PATTERN = new RegExp(\"\\\"\", 'ug');\nvar SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE = [1105920, 1112319];\nfunction hexValueFromContent(content) {\n  var cleaned = content.replace(CLEAN_CONTENT_PATTERN, '');\n  var codePoint = codePointAt(cleaned, 0);\n  var isPrependTen = codePoint >= SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE[0] && codePoint <= SECONDARY_UNICODE_RANGE[1];\n  var isDoubled = cleaned.length === 2 ? cleaned[0] === cleaned[1] : false;\n  return {\n    value: isDoubled ? toHex(cleaned[0]) : toHex(cleaned),\n    isSecondary: isPrependTen || isDoubled\n  };\n}\nfunction replaceForPosition(node, position) {\n  var pendingAttribute = \"\".concat(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT_PENDING).concat(position.replace(':', '-'));\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    if (node.getAttribute(pendingAttribute) !== null) {\n      // This node is already being processed\n      return resolve();\n    }\n    var children = toArray(node.children);\n    var alreadyProcessedPseudoElement = children.filter(function (c) {\n      return c.getAttribute(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT) === position;\n    })[0];\n    var styles = WINDOW.getComputedStyle(node, position);\n    var fontFamily = styles.getPropertyValue('font-family').match(FONT_FAMILY_PATTERN);\n    var fontWeight = styles.getPropertyValue('font-weight');\n    var content = styles.getPropertyValue('content');\n    if (alreadyProcessedPseudoElement && !fontFamily) {\n      // If we've already processed it but the current computed style does not result in a font-family,\n      // that probably means that a class name that was previously present to make the icon has been\n      // removed. So we now should delete the icon.\n      node.removeChild(alreadyProcessedPseudoElement);\n      return resolve();\n    } else if (fontFamily && content !== 'none' && content !== '') {\n      var _content = styles.getPropertyValue('content');\n      var family = ~['Sharp'].indexOf(fontFamily[2]) ? FAMILY_SHARP : FAMILY_CLASSIC;\n      var prefix = ~['Solid', 'Regular', 'Light', 'Thin', 'Duotone', 'Brands', 'Kit'].indexOf(fontFamily[2]) ? STYLE_TO_PREFIX[family][fontFamily[2].toLowerCase()] : FONT_WEIGHT_TO_PREFIX[family][fontWeight];\n      var _hexValueFromContent = hexValueFromContent(_content),\n        hexValue = _hexValueFromContent.value,\n        isSecondary = _hexValueFromContent.isSecondary;\n      var isV4 = fontFamily[0].startsWith('FontAwesome');\n      var iconName = byUnicode(prefix, hexValue);\n      var iconIdentifier = iconName;\n      if (isV4) {\n        var iconName4 = byOldUnicode(hexValue);\n        if (iconName4.iconName && iconName4.prefix) {\n          iconName = iconName4.iconName;\n          prefix = iconName4.prefix;\n        }\n      } // Only convert the pseudo element in this ::before/::after position into an icon if we haven't\n      // already done so with the same prefix and iconName\n\n      if (iconName && !isSecondary && (!alreadyProcessedPseudoElement || alreadyProcessedPseudoElement.getAttribute(DATA_PREFIX) !== prefix || alreadyProcessedPseudoElement.getAttribute(DATA_ICON) !== iconIdentifier)) {\n        node.setAttribute(pendingAttribute, iconIdentifier);\n        if (alreadyProcessedPseudoElement) {\n          // Delete the old one, since we're replacing it with a new one\n          node.removeChild(alreadyProcessedPseudoElement);\n        }\n        var meta = blankMeta();\n        var extra = meta.extra;\n        extra.attributes[DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT] = position;\n        findIcon(iconName, prefix).then(function (main) {\n          var abstract = makeInlineSvgAbstract(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, meta), {}, {\n            icons: {\n              main: main,\n              mask: emptyCanonicalIcon()\n            },\n            prefix: prefix,\n            iconName: iconIdentifier,\n            extra: extra,\n            watchable: true\n          }));\n          var element = DOCUMENT.createElement('svg');\n          if (position === '::before') {\n            node.insertBefore(element, node.firstChild);\n          } else {\n            node.appendChild(element);\n          }\n          element.outerHTML = abstract.map(function (a) {\n            return toHtml(a);\n          }).join('\\n');\n          node.removeAttribute(pendingAttribute);\n          resolve();\n        }).catch(reject);\n      } else {\n        resolve();\n      }\n    } else {\n      resolve();\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction replace(node) {\n  return Promise.all([replaceForPosition(node, '::before'), replaceForPosition(node, '::after')]);\n}\nfunction processable(node) {\n  return node.parentNode !== document.head && !~TAGNAMES_TO_SKIP_FOR_PSEUDOELEMENTS.indexOf(node.tagName.toUpperCase()) && !node.getAttribute(DATA_FA_PSEUDO_ELEMENT) && (!node.parentNode || node.parentNode.tagName !== 'svg');\n}\nfunction searchPseudoElements(root) {\n  if (!IS_DOM) return;\n  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    var operations = toArray(root.querySelectorAll('*')).filter(processable).map(replace);\n    var end = perf.begin('searchPseudoElements');\n    disableObservation();\n    Promise.all(operations).then(function () {\n      end();\n      enableObservation();\n      resolve();\n    }).catch(function () {\n      end();\n      enableObservation();\n      reject();\n    });\n  });\n}\nvar PseudoElements = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      mutationObserverCallbacks: function mutationObserverCallbacks(accumulator) {\n        accumulator.pseudoElementsCallback = searchPseudoElements;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers$$1) {\n    providers$$1.pseudoElements2svg = function (params) {\n      var _params$node = params.node,\n        node = _params$node === void 0 ? DOCUMENT : _params$node;\n      if (config.searchPseudoElements) {\n        searchPseudoElements(node);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar _unwatched = false;\nvar MutationObserver$1 = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      dom: {\n        unwatch: function unwatch() {\n          disableObservation();\n          _unwatched = true;\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      bootstrap: function bootstrap() {\n        observe(chainHooks('mutationObserverCallbacks', {}));\n      },\n      noAuto: function noAuto() {\n        disconnect();\n      },\n      watch: function watch(params) {\n        var observeMutationsRoot = params.observeMutationsRoot;\n        if (_unwatched) {\n          enableObservation();\n        } else {\n          observe(chainHooks('mutationObserverCallbacks', {\n            observeMutationsRoot: observeMutationsRoot\n          }));\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar parseTransformString = function parseTransformString(transformString) {\n  var transform = {\n    size: 16,\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0,\n    flipX: false,\n    flipY: false,\n    rotate: 0\n  };\n  return transformString.toLowerCase().split(' ').reduce(function (acc, n) {\n    var parts = n.toLowerCase().split('-');\n    var first = parts[0];\n    var rest = parts.slice(1).join('-');\n    if (first && rest === 'h') {\n      acc.flipX = true;\n      return acc;\n    }\n    if (first && rest === 'v') {\n      acc.flipY = true;\n      return acc;\n    }\n    rest = parseFloat(rest);\n    if (isNaN(rest)) {\n      return acc;\n    }\n    switch (first) {\n      case 'grow':\n        acc.size = acc.size + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'shrink':\n        acc.size = acc.size - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'left':\n        acc.x = acc.x - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'right':\n        acc.x = acc.x + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'up':\n        acc.y = acc.y - rest;\n        break;\n      case 'down':\n        acc.y = acc.y + rest;\n        break;\n      case 'rotate':\n        acc.rotate = acc.rotate + rest;\n        break;\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, transform);\n};\nvar PowerTransforms = {\n  mixout: function mixout() {\n    return {\n      parse: {\n        transform: function transform(transformString) {\n          return parseTransformString(transformString);\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var transformString = node.getAttribute('data-fa-transform');\n        if (transformString) {\n          accumulator.transform = parseTransformString(transformString);\n        }\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    providers.generateAbstractTransformGrouping = function (_ref) {\n      var main = _ref.main,\n        transform = _ref.transform,\n        containerWidth = _ref.containerWidth,\n        iconWidth = _ref.iconWidth;\n      var outer = {\n        transform: \"translate(\".concat(containerWidth / 2, \" 256)\")\n      };\n      var innerTranslate = \"translate(\".concat(transform.x * 32, \", \").concat(transform.y * 32, \") \");\n      var innerScale = \"scale(\".concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipX ? -1 : 1), \", \").concat(transform.size / 16 * (transform.flipY ? -1 : 1), \") \");\n      var innerRotate = \"rotate(\".concat(transform.rotate, \" 0 0)\");\n      var inner = {\n        transform: \"\".concat(innerTranslate, \" \").concat(innerScale, \" \").concat(innerRotate)\n      };\n      var path = {\n        transform: \"translate(\".concat(iconWidth / 2 * -1, \" -256)\")\n      };\n      var operations = {\n        outer: outer,\n        inner: inner,\n        path: path\n      };\n      return {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, operations.outer),\n        children: [{\n          tag: 'g',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2({}, operations.inner),\n          children: [{\n            tag: main.icon.tag,\n            children: main.icon.children,\n            attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, main.icon.attributes), operations.path)\n          }]\n        }]\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar ALL_SPACE = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: '100%',\n  height: '100%'\n};\nfunction fillBlack(abstract) {\n  var force = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : true;\n  if (abstract.attributes && (abstract.attributes.fill || force)) {\n    abstract.attributes.fill = 'black';\n  }\n  return abstract;\n}\nfunction deGroup(abstract) {\n  if (abstract.tag === 'g') {\n    return abstract.children;\n  } else {\n    return [abstract];\n  }\n}\nvar Masks = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var maskData = node.getAttribute('data-fa-mask');\n        var mask = !maskData ? emptyCanonicalIcon() : getCanonicalIcon(maskData.split(' ').map(function (i) {\n          return i.trim();\n        }));\n        if (!mask.prefix) {\n          mask.prefix = getDefaultUsablePrefix();\n        }\n        accumulator.mask = mask;\n        accumulator.maskId = node.getAttribute('data-fa-mask-id');\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  },\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    providers.generateAbstractMask = function (_ref) {\n      var children = _ref.children,\n        attributes = _ref.attributes,\n        main = _ref.main,\n        mask = _ref.mask,\n        explicitMaskId = _ref.maskId,\n        transform = _ref.transform;\n      var mainWidth = main.width,\n        mainPath = main.icon;\n      var maskWidth = mask.width,\n        maskPath = mask.icon;\n      var trans = transformForSvg({\n        transform: transform,\n        containerWidth: maskWidth,\n        iconWidth: mainWidth\n      });\n      var maskRect = {\n        tag: 'rect',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ALL_SPACE), {}, {\n          fill: 'white'\n        })\n      };\n      var maskInnerGroupChildrenMixin = mainPath.children ? {\n        children: mainPath.children.map(fillBlack)\n      } : {};\n      var maskInnerGroup = {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, trans.inner),\n        children: [fillBlack(_objectSpread2({\n          tag: mainPath.tag,\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mainPath.attributes), trans.path)\n        }, maskInnerGroupChildrenMixin))]\n      };\n      var maskOuterGroup = {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({}, trans.outer),\n        children: [maskInnerGroup]\n      };\n      var maskId = \"mask-\".concat(explicitMaskId || nextUniqueId());\n      var clipId = \"clip-\".concat(explicitMaskId || nextUniqueId());\n      var maskTag = {\n        tag: 'mask',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ALL_SPACE), {}, {\n          id: maskId,\n          maskUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse',\n          maskContentUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse'\n        }),\n        children: [maskRect, maskOuterGroup]\n      };\n      var defs = {\n        tag: 'defs',\n        children: [{\n          tag: 'clipPath',\n          attributes: {\n            id: clipId\n          },\n          children: deGroup(maskPath)\n        }, maskTag]\n      };\n      children.push(defs, {\n        tag: 'rect',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2({\n          fill: 'currentColor',\n          'clip-path': \"url(#\".concat(clipId, \")\"),\n          mask: \"url(#\".concat(maskId, \")\")\n        }, ALL_SPACE)\n      });\n      return {\n        children: children,\n        attributes: attributes\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar MissingIconIndicator = {\n  provides: function provides(providers) {\n    var reduceMotion = false;\n    if (WINDOW.matchMedia) {\n      reduceMotion = WINDOW.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;\n    }\n    providers.missingIconAbstract = function () {\n      var gChildren = [];\n      var FILL = {\n        fill: 'currentColor'\n      };\n      var ANIMATION_BASE = {\n        attributeType: 'XML',\n        repeatCount: 'indefinite',\n        dur: '2s'\n      }; // Ring\n\n      gChildren.push({\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          d: 'M156.5,447.7l-12.6,29.5c-18.7-9.5-35.9-21.2-51.5-34.9l22.7-22.7C127.6,430.5,141.5,440,156.5,447.7z M40.6,272H8.5 c1.4,21.2,5.4,41.7,11.7,61.1L50,321.2C45.1,305.5,41.8,289,40.6,272z M40.6,240c1.4-18.8,5.2-37,11.1-54.1l-29.5-12.6 C14.7,194.3,10,216.7,8.5,240H40.6z M64.3,156.5c7.8-14.9,17.2-28.8,28.1-41.5L69.7,92.3c-13.7,15.6-25.5,32.8-34.9,51.5 L64.3,156.5z M397,419.6c-13.9,12-29.4,22.3-46.1,30.4l11.9,29.8c20.7-9.9,39.8-22.6,56.9-37.6L397,419.6z M115,92.4 c13.9-12,29.4-22.3,46.1-30.4l-11.9-29.8c-20.7,9.9-39.8,22.6-56.8,37.6L115,92.4z M447.7,355.5c-7.8,14.9-17.2,28.8-28.1,41.5 l22.7,22.7c13.7-15.6,25.5-32.9,34.9-51.5L447.7,355.5z M471.4,272c-1.4,18.8-5.2,37-11.1,54.1l29.5,12.6 c7.5-21.1,12.2-43.5,13.6-66.8H471.4z M321.2,462c-15.7,5-32.2,8.2-49.2,9.4v32.1c21.2-1.4,41.7-5.4,61.1-11.7L321.2,462z M240,471.4c-18.8-1.4-37-5.2-54.1-11.1l-12.6,29.5c21.1,7.5,43.5,12.2,66.8,13.6V471.4z M462,190.8c5,15.7,8.2,32.2,9.4,49.2h32.1 c-1.4-21.2-5.4-41.7-11.7-61.1L462,190.8z M92.4,397c-12-13.9-22.3-29.4-30.4-46.1l-29.8,11.9c9.9,20.7,22.6,39.8,37.6,56.9 L92.4,397z M272,40.6c18.8,1.4,36.9,5.2,54.1,11.1l12.6-29.5C317.7,14.7,295.3,10,272,8.5V40.6z M190.8,50 c15.7-5,32.2-8.2,49.2-9.4V8.5c-21.2,1.4-41.7,5.4-61.1,11.7L190.8,50z M442.3,92.3L419.6,115c12,13.9,22.3,29.4,30.5,46.1 l29.8-11.9C470,128.5,457.3,109.4,442.3,92.3z M397,92.4l22.7-22.7c-15.6-13.7-32.8-25.5-51.5-34.9l-12.6,29.5 C370.4,72.1,384.4,81.5,397,92.4z'\n        })\n      });\n      var OPACITY_ANIMATE = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ANIMATION_BASE), {}, {\n        attributeName: 'opacity'\n      });\n      var dot = {\n        tag: 'circle',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          cx: '256',\n          cy: '364',\n          r: '28'\n        }),\n        children: []\n      };\n      if (!reduceMotion) {\n        dot.children.push({\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, ANIMATION_BASE), {}, {\n            attributeName: 'r',\n            values: '28;14;28;28;14;28;'\n          })\n        }, {\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n            values: '1;0;1;1;0;1;'\n          })\n        });\n      }\n      gChildren.push(dot);\n      gChildren.push({\n        tag: 'path',\n        attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n          opacity: '1',\n          d: 'M263.7,312h-16c-6.6,0-12-5.4-12-12c0-71,77.4-63.9,77.4-107.8c0-20-17.8-40.2-57.4-40.2c-29.1,0-44.3,9.6-59.2,28.7 c-3.9,5-11.1,6-16.2,2.4l-13.1-9.2c-5.6-3.9-6.9-11.8-2.6-17.2c21.2-27.2,46.4-44.7,91.2-44.7c52.3,0,97.4,29.8,97.4,80.2 c0,67.6-77.4,63.5-77.4,107.8C275.7,306.6,270.3,312,263.7,312z'\n        }),\n        children: reduceMotion ? [] : [{\n          tag: 'animate',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n            values: '1;0;0;0;0;1;'\n          })\n        }]\n      });\n      if (!reduceMotion) {\n        // Exclamation\n        gChildren.push({\n          tag: 'path',\n          attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, FILL), {}, {\n            opacity: '0',\n            d: 'M232.5,134.5l7,168c0.3,6.4,5.6,11.5,12,11.5h9c6.4,0,11.7-5.1,12-11.5l7-168c0.3-6.8-5.2-12.5-12-12.5h-23 C237.7,122,232.2,127.7,232.5,134.5z'\n          }),\n          children: [{\n            tag: 'animate',\n            attributes: _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, OPACITY_ANIMATE), {}, {\n              values: '0;0;1;1;0;0;'\n            })\n          }]\n        });\n      }\n      return {\n        tag: 'g',\n        attributes: {\n          'class': 'missing'\n        },\n        children: gChildren\n      };\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar SvgSymbols = {\n  hooks: function hooks() {\n    return {\n      parseNodeAttributes: function parseNodeAttributes(accumulator, node) {\n        var symbolData = node.getAttribute('data-fa-symbol');\n        var symbol = symbolData === null ? false : symbolData === '' ? true : symbolData;\n        accumulator['symbol'] = symbol;\n        return accumulator;\n      }\n    };\n  }\n};\nvar plugins = [InjectCSS, ReplaceElements, Layers, LayersCounter, LayersText, PseudoElements, MutationObserver$1, PowerTransforms, Masks, MissingIconIndicator, SvgSymbols];\nregisterPlugins(plugins, {\n  mixoutsTo: api\n});\nvar noAuto$1 = api.noAuto;\nvar config$1 = api.config;\nvar library$1 = api.library;\nvar dom$1 = api.dom;\nvar parse$1 = api.parse;\nvar findIconDefinition$1 = api.findIconDefinition;\nvar toHtml$1 = api.toHtml;\nvar icon = api.icon;\nvar layer = api.layer;\nvar text = api.text;\nvar counter = api.counter;\nexport { noAuto$1 as noAuto, config$1 as config, library$1 as library, dom$1 as dom, parse$1 as parse, findIconDefinition$1 as findIconDefinition, toHtml$1 as toHtml, icon, layer, text, counter, api };","import { parse, icon } from '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core';\nimport PropTypes from 'prop-types';\nimport React from 'react';\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    enumerableOnly && (symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    })), keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread2(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = null != arguments[i] ? arguments[i] : {};\n    i % 2 ? ownKeys(Object(source), !0).forEach(function (key) {\n      _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    }) : Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors ? Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source)) : ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n      Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  return _typeof = \"function\" == typeof Symbol && \"symbol\" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) {\n    return typeof obj;\n  } : function (obj) {\n    return obj && \"function\" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n  }, _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter[\"@@iterator\"] != null) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\n\n// Get CSS class list from a props object\nfunction classList(props) {\n  var _classes;\n  var beat = props.beat,\n    fade = props.fade,\n    beatFade = props.beatFade,\n    bounce = props.bounce,\n    shake = props.shake,\n    flash = props.flash,\n    spin = props.spin,\n    spinPulse = props.spinPulse,\n    spinReverse = props.spinReverse,\n    pulse = props.pulse,\n    fixedWidth = props.fixedWidth,\n    inverse = props.inverse,\n    border = props.border,\n    listItem = props.listItem,\n    flip = props.flip,\n    size = props.size,\n    rotation = props.rotation,\n    pull = props.pull; // map of CSS class names to properties\n\n  var classes = (_classes = {\n    'fa-beat': beat,\n    'fa-fade': fade,\n    'fa-beat-fade': beatFade,\n    'fa-bounce': bounce,\n    'fa-shake': shake,\n    'fa-flash': flash,\n    'fa-spin': spin,\n    'fa-spin-reverse': spinReverse,\n    'fa-spin-pulse': spinPulse,\n    'fa-pulse': pulse,\n    'fa-fw': fixedWidth,\n    'fa-inverse': inverse,\n    'fa-border': border,\n    'fa-li': listItem,\n    'fa-flip': flip === true,\n    'fa-flip-horizontal': flip === 'horizontal' || flip === 'both',\n    'fa-flip-vertical': flip === 'vertical' || flip === 'both'\n  }, _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-\".concat(size), typeof size !== 'undefined' && size !== null), _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-rotate-\".concat(rotation), typeof rotation !== 'undefined' && rotation !== null && rotation !== 0), _defineProperty(_classes, \"fa-pull-\".concat(pull), typeof pull !== 'undefined' && pull !== null), _defineProperty(_classes, 'fa-swap-opacity', props.swapOpacity), _classes); // map over all the keys in the classes object\n  // return an array of the keys where the value for the key is not null\n\n  return Object.keys(classes).map(function (key) {\n    return classes[key] ? key : null;\n  }).filter(function (key) {\n    return key;\n  });\n}\n\n// Camelize taken from humps\n// humps is copyright © 2012+ Dom Christie\n// Released under the MIT license.\n// Performant way to determine if object coerces to a number\nfunction _isNumerical(obj) {\n  obj = obj - 0; // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n\n  return obj === obj;\n}\nfunction camelize(string) {\n  if (_isNumerical(string)) {\n    return string;\n  } // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-escape\n\n  string = string.replace(/[\\-_\\s]+(.)?/g, function (match, chr) {\n    return chr ? chr.toUpperCase() : '';\n  }); // Ensure 1st char is always lowercase\n\n  return string.substr(0, 1).toLowerCase() + string.substr(1);\n}\nvar _excluded = [\"style\"];\nfunction capitalize(val) {\n  return val.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + val.slice(1);\n}\nfunction styleToObject(style) {\n  return style.split(';').map(function (s) {\n    return s.trim();\n  }).filter(function (s) {\n    return s;\n  }).reduce(function (acc, pair) {\n    var i = pair.indexOf(':');\n    var prop = camelize(pair.slice(0, i));\n    var value = pair.slice(i + 1).trim();\n    prop.startsWith('webkit') ? acc[capitalize(prop)] = value : acc[prop] = value;\n    return acc;\n  }, {});\n}\nfunction convert(createElement, element) {\n  var extraProps = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  if (typeof element === 'string') {\n    return element;\n  }\n  var children = (element.children || []).map(function (child) {\n    return convert(createElement, child);\n  });\n  /* eslint-disable dot-notation */\n\n  var mixins = Object.keys(element.attributes || {}).reduce(function (acc, key) {\n    var val = element.attributes[key];\n    switch (key) {\n      case 'class':\n        acc.attrs['className'] = val;\n        delete element.attributes['class'];\n        break;\n      case 'style':\n        acc.attrs['style'] = styleToObject(val);\n        break;\n      default:\n        if (key.indexOf('aria-') === 0 || key.indexOf('data-') === 0) {\n          acc.attrs[key.toLowerCase()] = val;\n        } else {\n          acc.attrs[camelize(key)] = val;\n        }\n    }\n    return acc;\n  }, {\n    attrs: {}\n  });\n  var _extraProps$style = extraProps.style,\n    existingStyle = _extraProps$style === void 0 ? {} : _extraProps$style,\n    remaining = _objectWithoutProperties(extraProps, _excluded);\n  mixins.attrs['style'] = _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mixins.attrs['style']), existingStyle);\n  /* eslint-enable */\n\n  return createElement.apply(void 0, [element.tag, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, mixins.attrs), remaining)].concat(_toConsumableArray(children)));\n}\nvar PRODUCTION = false;\ntry {\n  PRODUCTION = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';\n} catch (e) {}\nfunction log() {\n  if (!PRODUCTION && console && typeof console.error === 'function') {\n    var _console;\n    (_console = console).error.apply(_console, arguments);\n  }\n}\nfunction normalizeIconArgs(icon) {\n  // this has everything that it needs to be rendered which means it was probably imported\n  // directly from an icon svg package\n  if (icon && _typeof(icon) === 'object' && icon.prefix && icon.iconName && icon.icon) {\n    return icon;\n  }\n  if (parse.icon) {\n    return parse.icon(icon);\n  } // if the icon is null, there's nothing to do\n\n  if (icon === null) {\n    return null;\n  } // if the icon is an object and has a prefix and an icon name, return it\n\n  if (icon && _typeof(icon) === 'object' && icon.prefix && icon.iconName) {\n    return icon;\n  } // if it's an array with length of two\n\n  if (Array.isArray(icon) && icon.length === 2) {\n    // use the first item as prefix, second as icon name\n    return {\n      prefix: icon[0],\n      iconName: icon[1]\n    };\n  } // if it's a string, use it as the icon name\n\n  if (typeof icon === 'string') {\n    return {\n      prefix: 'fas',\n      iconName: icon\n    };\n  }\n}\n\n// creates an object with a key of key\n// and a value of value\n// if certain conditions are met\nfunction objectWithKey(key, value) {\n  // if the value is a non-empty array\n  // or it's not an array but it is truthy\n  // then create the object with the key and the value\n  // if not, return an empty array\n  return Array.isArray(value) && value.length > 0 || !Array.isArray(value) && value ? _defineProperty({}, key, value) : {};\n}\nvar FontAwesomeIcon = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function (props, ref) {\n  var iconArgs = props.icon,\n    maskArgs = props.mask,\n    symbol = props.symbol,\n    className = props.className,\n    title = props.title,\n    titleId = props.titleId,\n    maskId = props.maskId;\n  var iconLookup = normalizeIconArgs(iconArgs);\n  var classes = objectWithKey('classes', [].concat(_toConsumableArray(classList(props)), _toConsumableArray(className.split(' '))));\n  var transform = objectWithKey('transform', typeof props.transform === 'string' ? parse.transform(props.transform) : props.transform);\n  var mask = objectWithKey('mask', normalizeIconArgs(maskArgs));\n  var renderedIcon = icon(iconLookup, _objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2(_objectSpread2({}, classes), transform), mask), {}, {\n    symbol: symbol,\n    title: title,\n    titleId: titleId,\n    maskId: maskId\n  }));\n  if (!renderedIcon) {\n    log('Could not find icon', iconLookup);\n    return null;\n  }\n  var abstract = renderedIcon.abstract;\n  var extraProps = {\n    ref: ref\n  };\n  Object.keys(props).forEach(function (key) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\n    if (!FontAwesomeIcon.defaultProps.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      extraProps[key] = props[key];\n    }\n  });\n  return convertCurry(abstract[0], extraProps);\n});\nFontAwesomeIcon.displayName = 'FontAwesomeIcon';\nFontAwesomeIcon.propTypes = {\n  beat: PropTypes.bool,\n  border: PropTypes.bool,\n  beatFade: PropTypes.bool,\n  bounce: PropTypes.bool,\n  className: PropTypes.string,\n  fade: PropTypes.bool,\n  flash: PropTypes.bool,\n  mask: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.object, PropTypes.array, PropTypes.string]),\n  maskId: PropTypes.string,\n  fixedWidth: PropTypes.bool,\n  inverse: PropTypes.bool,\n  flip: PropTypes.oneOf([true, false, 'horizontal', 'vertical', 'both']),\n  icon: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.object, PropTypes.array, PropTypes.string]),\n  listItem: PropTypes.bool,\n  pull: PropTypes.oneOf(['right', 'left']),\n  pulse: PropTypes.bool,\n  rotation: PropTypes.oneOf([0, 90, 180, 270]),\n  shake: PropTypes.bool,\n  size: PropTypes.oneOf(['2xs', 'xs', 'sm', 'lg', 'xl', '2xl', '1x', '2x', '3x', '4x', '5x', '6x', '7x', '8x', '9x', '10x']),\n  spin: PropTypes.bool,\n  spinPulse: PropTypes.bool,\n  spinReverse: PropTypes.bool,\n  symbol: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.bool, PropTypes.string]),\n  title: PropTypes.string,\n  titleId: PropTypes.string,\n  transform: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.string, PropTypes.object]),\n  swapOpacity: PropTypes.bool\n};\nFontAwesomeIcon.defaultProps = {\n  border: false,\n  className: '',\n  mask: null,\n  maskId: null,\n  fixedWidth: false,\n  inverse: false,\n  flip: false,\n  icon: null,\n  listItem: false,\n  pull: null,\n  pulse: false,\n  rotation: null,\n  size: null,\n  spin: false,\n  spinPulse: false,\n  spinReverse: false,\n  beat: false,\n  fade: false,\n  beatFade: false,\n  bounce: false,\n  shake: false,\n  symbol: false,\n  title: '',\n  titleId: null,\n  transform: null,\n  swapOpacity: false\n};\nvar convertCurry = convert.bind(null, React.createElement);\nexport { FontAwesomeIcon };","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: _extends({}, theme.typography.button, {\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      minWidth: 64,\n      padding: '6px 16px',\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius,\n      color: theme.palette.text.primary,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow', 'border'], {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.short\n      }),\n      '&:hover': {\n        textDecoration: 'none',\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled\n      }\n    }),\n    /* Styles applied to the span element that wraps the children. */\n    label: {\n      width: '100%',\n      // Ensure the correct width for iOS Safari\n      display: 'inherit',\n      alignItems: 'inherit',\n      justifyContent: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    text: {\n      padding: '6px 8px'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    textPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"text\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    textSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      padding: '5px 15px',\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.type === 'light' ? 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23)' : 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.23)'),\n      '&$disabled': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.action.disabledBackground)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    outlinedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.5)),\n      '&:hover': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.primary.main),\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    outlinedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.5)),\n      '&:hover': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.secondary.main),\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity),\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n        }\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.action.disabled)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    contained: {\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(theme.palette.grey[300]),\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300],\n      boxShadow: theme.shadows[2],\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey.A100,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[4],\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          boxShadow: theme.shadows[2],\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300]\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n        }\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[6]\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[8]\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[0],\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    containedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"contained\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    containedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `disableElevation={true}`. */\n    disableElevation: {\n      boxShadow: 'none',\n      '&:hover': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        boxShadow: 'none'\n      }\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the ButtonBase root element if the button is keyboard focused. */\n    focusVisible: {},\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"inherit\"`. */\n    colorInherit: {\n      color: 'inherit',\n      borderColor: 'currentColor'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    textSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '4px 5px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"text\"`. */\n    textSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '8px 11px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlinedSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '3px 9px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlinedSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '7px 21px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"` and `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    containedSizeSmall: {\n      padding: '4px 10px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"` and `variant=\"contained\"`. */\n    containedSizeLarge: {\n      padding: '8px 22px',\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    sizeSmall: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"large\"`. */\n    sizeLarge: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fullWidth={true}`. */\n    fullWidth: {\n      width: '100%'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the startIcon element if supplied. */\n    startIcon: {\n      display: 'inherit',\n      marginRight: 8,\n      marginLeft: -4,\n      '&$iconSizeSmall': {\n        marginLeft: -2\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the endIcon element if supplied. */\n    endIcon: {\n      display: 'inherit',\n      marginRight: -4,\n      marginLeft: 8,\n      '&$iconSizeSmall': {\n        marginRight: -2\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"small\"`. */\n    iconSizeSmall: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 18\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"medium\"`. */\n    iconSizeMedium: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 20\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the icon element if supplied and `size=\"large\"`. */\n    iconSizeLarge: {\n      '& > *:first-child': {\n        fontSize: 22\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Button = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Button(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableElevati = props.disableElevation,\n    disableElevation = _props$disableElevati === void 0 ? false : _props$disableElevati,\n    _props$disableFocusRi = props.disableFocusRipple,\n    disableFocusRipple = _props$disableFocusRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableFocusRi,\n    endIconProp = props.endIcon,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    _props$fullWidth = props.fullWidth,\n    fullWidth = _props$fullWidth === void 0 ? false : _props$fullWidth,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$size,\n    startIconProp = props.startIcon,\n    _props$type = props.type,\n    type = _props$type === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$type,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'text' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableElevation\", \"disableFocusRipple\", \"endIcon\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"fullWidth\", \"size\", \"startIcon\", \"type\", \"variant\"]);\n  var startIcon = startIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.startIcon, classes[\"iconSize\".concat(capitalize(size))])\n  }, startIconProp);\n  var endIcon = endIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.endIcon, classes[\"iconSize\".concat(capitalize(size))])\n  }, endIconProp);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ButtonBase, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, classes[variant], className, color === 'inherit' ? classes.colorInherit : color !== 'default' && classes[\"\".concat(variant).concat(capitalize(color))], size !== 'medium' && [classes[\"\".concat(variant, \"Size\").concat(capitalize(size))], classes[\"size\".concat(capitalize(size))]], disableElevation && classes.disableElevation, disabled && classes.disabled, fullWidth && classes.fullWidth),\n    component: component,\n    disabled: disabled,\n    focusRipple: !disableFocusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName: clsx(classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName),\n    ref: ref,\n    type: type\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: classes.label\n  }, startIcon, children, endIcon));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiButton'\n})(Button);","import { Children, cloneElement, isValidElement } from 'react';\n/**\n * Given `this.props.children`, return an object mapping key to child.\n *\n * @param {*} children `this.props.children`\n * @return {object} Mapping of key to child\n */\n\nexport function getChildMapping(children, mapFn) {\n  var mapper = function mapper(child) {\n    return mapFn && isValidElement(child) ? mapFn(child) : child;\n  };\n  var result = Object.create(null);\n  if (children) Children.map(children, function (c) {\n    return c;\n  }).forEach(function (child) {\n    // run the map function here instead so that the key is the computed one\n    result[child.key] = mapper(child);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * When you're adding or removing children some may be added or removed in the\n * same render pass. We want to show *both* since we want to simultaneously\n * animate elements in and out. This function takes a previous set of keys\n * and a new set of keys and merges them with its best guess of the correct\n * ordering. In the future we may expose some of the utilities in\n * ReactMultiChild to make this easy, but for now React itself does not\n * directly have this concept of the union of prevChildren and nextChildren\n * so we implement it here.\n *\n * @param {object} prev prev children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @param {object} next next children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @return {object} a key set that contains all keys in `prev` and all keys\n * in `next` in a reasonable order.\n */\n\nexport function mergeChildMappings(prev, next) {\n  prev = prev || {};\n  next = next || {};\n  function getValueForKey(key) {\n    return key in next ? next[key] : prev[key];\n  } // For each key of `next`, the list of keys to insert before that key in\n  // the combined list\n\n  var nextKeysPending = Object.create(null);\n  var pendingKeys = [];\n  for (var prevKey in prev) {\n    if (prevKey in next) {\n      if (pendingKeys.length) {\n        nextKeysPending[prevKey] = pendingKeys;\n        pendingKeys = [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      pendingKeys.push(prevKey);\n    }\n  }\n  var i;\n  var childMapping = {};\n  for (var nextKey in next) {\n    if (nextKeysPending[nextKey]) {\n      for (i = 0; i < nextKeysPending[nextKey].length; i++) {\n        var pendingNextKey = nextKeysPending[nextKey][i];\n        childMapping[nextKeysPending[nextKey][i]] = getValueForKey(pendingNextKey);\n      }\n    }\n    childMapping[nextKey] = getValueForKey(nextKey);\n  } // Finally, add the keys which didn't appear before any key in `next`\n\n  for (i = 0; i < pendingKeys.length; i++) {\n    childMapping[pendingKeys[i]] = getValueForKey(pendingKeys[i]);\n  }\n  return childMapping;\n}\nfunction getProp(child, prop, props) {\n  return props[prop] != null ? props[prop] : child.props[prop];\n}\nexport function getInitialChildMapping(props, onExited) {\n  return getChildMapping(props.children, function (child) {\n    return cloneElement(child, {\n      onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n      in: true,\n      appear: getProp(child, 'appear', props),\n      enter: getProp(child, 'enter', props),\n      exit: getProp(child, 'exit', props)\n    });\n  });\n}\nexport function getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, onExited) {\n  var nextChildMapping = getChildMapping(nextProps.children);\n  var children = mergeChildMappings(prevChildMapping, nextChildMapping);\n  Object.keys(children).forEach(function (key) {\n    var child = children[key];\n    if (!isValidElement(child)) return;\n    var hasPrev = (key in prevChildMapping);\n    var hasNext = (key in nextChildMapping);\n    var prevChild = prevChildMapping[key];\n    var isLeaving = isValidElement(prevChild) && !prevChild.props.in; // item is new (entering)\n\n    if (hasNext && (!hasPrev || isLeaving)) {\n      // console.log('entering', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: true,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    } else if (!hasNext && hasPrev && !isLeaving) {\n      // item is old (exiting)\n      // console.log('leaving', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        in: false\n      });\n    } else if (hasNext && hasPrev && isValidElement(prevChild)) {\n      // item hasn't changed transition states\n      // copy over the last transition props;\n      // console.log('unchanged', key)\n      children[key] = cloneElement(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: prevChild.props.in,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return children;\n}","import _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutPropertiesLoose\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _assertThisInitialized from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/assertThisInitialized\";\nimport _inheritsLoose from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/inheritsLoose\";\nimport React from 'react';\nimport TransitionGroupContext from './TransitionGroupContext';\nimport { getChildMapping, getInitialChildMapping, getNextChildMapping } from './utils/ChildMapping';\nvar values = Object.values || function (obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).map(function (k) {\n    return obj[k];\n  });\n};\nvar defaultProps = {\n  component: 'div',\n  childFactory: function childFactory(child) {\n    return child;\n  }\n};\n/**\n * The `<TransitionGroup>` component manages a set of transition components\n * (`<Transition>` and `<CSSTransition>`) in a list. Like with the transition\n * components, `<TransitionGroup>` is a state machine for managing the mounting\n * and unmounting of components over time.\n *\n * Consider the example below. As items are removed or added to the TodoList the\n * `in` prop is toggled automatically by the `<TransitionGroup>`.\n *\n * Note that `<TransitionGroup>`  does not define any animation behavior!\n * Exactly _how_ a list item animates is up to the individual transition\n * component. This means you can mix and match animations across different list\n * items.\n */\n\nvar TransitionGroup = /*#__PURE__*/function (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(TransitionGroup, _React$Component);\n  function TransitionGroup(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var handleExited = _this.handleExited.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this)); // Initial children should all be entering, dependent on appear\n\n    _this.state = {\n      contextValue: {\n        isMounting: true\n      },\n      handleExited: handleExited,\n      firstRender: true\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = TransitionGroup.prototype;\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.mounted = true;\n    this.setState({\n      contextValue: {\n        isMounting: false\n      }\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.mounted = false;\n  };\n  TransitionGroup.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, _ref) {\n    var prevChildMapping = _ref.children,\n      handleExited = _ref.handleExited,\n      firstRender = _ref.firstRender;\n    return {\n      children: firstRender ? getInitialChildMapping(nextProps, handleExited) : getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, handleExited),\n      firstRender: false\n    };\n  } // node is `undefined` when user provided `nodeRef` prop\n  ;\n\n  _proto.handleExited = function handleExited(child, node) {\n    var currentChildMapping = getChildMapping(this.props.children);\n    if (child.key in currentChildMapping) return;\n    if (child.props.onExited) {\n      child.props.onExited(node);\n    }\n    if (this.mounted) {\n      this.setState(function (state) {\n        var children = _extends({}, state.children);\n        delete children[child.key];\n        return {\n          children: children\n        };\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      Component = _this$props.component,\n      childFactory = _this$props.childFactory,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"component\", \"childFactory\"]);\n    var contextValue = this.state.contextValue;\n    var children = values(this.state.children).map(childFactory);\n    delete props.appear;\n    delete props.enter;\n    delete props.exit;\n    if (Component === null) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroupContext.Provider, {\n        value: contextValue\n      }, children);\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroupContext.Provider, {\n      value: contextValue\n    }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, props, children));\n  };\n  return TransitionGroup;\n}(React.Component);\nTransitionGroup.defaultProps = defaultProps;\nexport default TransitionGroup;","import * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window === 'undefined' ? React.useEffect : React.useLayoutEffect;\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nfunction Ripple(props) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    _props$pulsate = props.pulsate,\n    pulsate = _props$pulsate === void 0 ? false : _props$pulsate,\n    rippleX = props.rippleX,\n    rippleY = props.rippleY,\n    rippleSize = props.rippleSize,\n    inProp = props.in,\n    _props$onExited = props.onExited,\n    onExited = _props$onExited === void 0 ? function () {} : _props$onExited,\n    timeout = props.timeout;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    leaving = _React$useState[0],\n    setLeaving = _React$useState[1];\n  var rippleClassName = clsx(classes.ripple, classes.rippleVisible, pulsate && classes.ripplePulsate);\n  var rippleStyles = {\n    width: rippleSize,\n    height: rippleSize,\n    top: -(rippleSize / 2) + rippleY,\n    left: -(rippleSize / 2) + rippleX\n  };\n  var childClassName = clsx(classes.child, leaving && classes.childLeaving, pulsate && classes.childPulsate);\n  var handleExited = useEventCallback(onExited); // Ripple is used for user feedback (e.g. click or press) so we want to apply styles with the highest priority\n\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (!inProp) {\n      // react-transition-group#onExit\n      setLeaving(true); // react-transition-group#onExited\n\n      var timeoutId = setTimeout(handleExited, timeout);\n      return function () {\n        clearTimeout(timeoutId);\n      };\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }, [handleExited, inProp, timeout]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: rippleClassName,\n    style: rippleStyles\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: childClassName\n  }));\n}\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default Ripple;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _toConsumableArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/toConsumableArray\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport { TransitionGroup } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport Ripple from './Ripple';\nvar DURATION = 550;\nexport var DELAY_RIPPLE = 80;\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      pointerEvents: 'none',\n      position: 'absolute',\n      zIndex: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      right: 0,\n      bottom: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      borderRadius: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `ripple` class. */\n    ripple: {\n      opacity: 0,\n      position: 'absolute'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `rippleVisible` class. */\n    rippleVisible: {\n      opacity: 0.3,\n      transform: 'scale(1)',\n      animation: \"$enter \".concat(DURATION, \"ms \").concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `ripplePulsate` class. */\n    ripplePulsate: {\n      animationDuration: \"\".concat(theme.transitions.duration.shorter, \"ms\")\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `child` class. */\n    child: {\n      opacity: 1,\n      display: 'block',\n      width: '100%',\n      height: '100%',\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      backgroundColor: 'currentColor'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `childLeaving` class. */\n    childLeaving: {\n      opacity: 0,\n      animation: \"$exit \".concat(DURATION, \"ms \").concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the internal `Ripple` components `childPulsate` class. */\n    childPulsate: {\n      position: 'absolute',\n      left: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      animation: \"$pulsate 2500ms \".concat(theme.transitions.easing.easeInOut, \" 200ms infinite\")\n    },\n    '@keyframes enter': {\n      '0%': {\n        transform: 'scale(0)',\n        opacity: 0.1\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)',\n        opacity: 0.3\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes exit': {\n      '0%': {\n        opacity: 1\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        opacity: 0\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes pulsate': {\n      '0%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)'\n      },\n      '50%': {\n        transform: 'scale(0.92)'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'scale(1)'\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n *\n * TODO v5: Make private\n */\n\nvar TouchRipple = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function TouchRipple(props, ref) {\n  var _props$center = props.center,\n    centerProp = _props$center === void 0 ? false : _props$center,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"center\", \"classes\", \"className\"]);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState([]),\n    ripples = _React$useState[0],\n    setRipples = _React$useState[1];\n  var nextKey = React.useRef(0);\n  var rippleCallback = React.useRef(null);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (rippleCallback.current) {\n      rippleCallback.current();\n      rippleCallback.current = null;\n    }\n  }, [ripples]); // Used to filter out mouse emulated events on mobile.\n\n  var ignoringMouseDown = React.useRef(false); // We use a timer in order to only show the ripples for touch \"click\" like events.\n  // We don't want to display the ripple for touch scroll events.\n\n  var startTimer = React.useRef(null); // This is the hook called once the previous timeout is ready.\n\n  var startTimerCommit = React.useRef(null);\n  var container = React.useRef(null);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    return function () {\n      clearTimeout(startTimer.current);\n    };\n  }, []);\n  var startCommit = React.useCallback(function (params) {\n    var pulsate = params.pulsate,\n      rippleX = params.rippleX,\n      rippleY = params.rippleY,\n      rippleSize = params.rippleSize,\n      cb = params.cb;\n    setRipples(function (oldRipples) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(oldRipples), [/*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Ripple, {\n        key: nextKey.current,\n        classes: classes,\n        timeout: DURATION,\n        pulsate: pulsate,\n        rippleX: rippleX,\n        rippleY: rippleY,\n        rippleSize: rippleSize\n      })]);\n    });\n    nextKey.current += 1;\n    rippleCallback.current = cb;\n  }, [classes]);\n  var start = React.useCallback(function () {\n    var event = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    var cb = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n    var _options$pulsate = options.pulsate,\n      pulsate = _options$pulsate === void 0 ? false : _options$pulsate,\n      _options$center = options.center,\n      center = _options$center === void 0 ? centerProp || options.pulsate : _options$center,\n      _options$fakeElement = options.fakeElement,\n      fakeElement = _options$fakeElement === void 0 ? false : _options$fakeElement;\n    if (event.type === 'mousedown' && ignoringMouseDown.current) {\n      ignoringMouseDown.current = false;\n      return;\n    }\n    if (event.type === 'touchstart') {\n      ignoringMouseDown.current = true;\n    }\n    var element = fakeElement ? null : container.current;\n    var rect = element ? element.getBoundingClientRect() : {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      top: 0\n    }; // Get the size of the ripple\n\n    var rippleX;\n    var rippleY;\n    var rippleSize;\n    if (center || event.clientX === 0 && event.clientY === 0 || !event.clientX && !event.touches) {\n      rippleX = Math.round(rect.width / 2);\n      rippleY = Math.round(rect.height / 2);\n    } else {\n      var _ref = event.touches ? event.touches[0] : event,\n        clientX = _ref.clientX,\n        clientY = _ref.clientY;\n      rippleX = Math.round(clientX - rect.left);\n      rippleY = Math.round(clientY - rect.top);\n    }\n    if (center) {\n      rippleSize = Math.sqrt((2 * Math.pow(rect.width, 2) + Math.pow(rect.height, 2)) / 3); // For some reason the animation is broken on Mobile Chrome if the size if even.\n\n      if (rippleSize % 2 === 0) {\n        rippleSize += 1;\n      }\n    } else {\n      var sizeX = Math.max(Math.abs((element ? element.clientWidth : 0) - rippleX), rippleX) * 2 + 2;\n      var sizeY = Math.max(Math.abs((element ? element.clientHeight : 0) - rippleY), rippleY) * 2 + 2;\n      rippleSize = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(sizeX, 2) + Math.pow(sizeY, 2));\n    } // Touche devices\n\n    if (event.touches) {\n      // check that this isn't another touchstart due to multitouch\n      // otherwise we will only clear a single timer when unmounting while two\n      // are running\n      if (startTimerCommit.current === null) {\n        // Prepare the ripple effect.\n        startTimerCommit.current = function () {\n          startCommit({\n            pulsate: pulsate,\n            rippleX: rippleX,\n            rippleY: rippleY,\n            rippleSize: rippleSize,\n            cb: cb\n          });\n        }; // Delay the execution of the ripple effect.\n\n        startTimer.current = setTimeout(function () {\n          if (startTimerCommit.current) {\n            startTimerCommit.current();\n            startTimerCommit.current = null;\n          }\n        }, DELAY_RIPPLE); // We have to make a tradeoff with this value.\n      }\n    } else {\n      startCommit({\n        pulsate: pulsate,\n        rippleX: rippleX,\n        rippleY: rippleY,\n        rippleSize: rippleSize,\n        cb: cb\n      });\n    }\n  }, [centerProp, startCommit]);\n  var pulsate = React.useCallback(function () {\n    start({}, {\n      pulsate: true\n    });\n  }, [start]);\n  var stop = React.useCallback(function (event, cb) {\n    clearTimeout(startTimer.current); // The touch interaction occurs too quickly.\n    // We still want to show ripple effect.\n\n    if (event.type === 'touchend' && startTimerCommit.current) {\n      event.persist();\n      startTimerCommit.current();\n      startTimerCommit.current = null;\n      startTimer.current = setTimeout(function () {\n        stop(event, cb);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    startTimerCommit.current = null;\n    setRipples(function (oldRipples) {\n      if (oldRipples.length > 0) {\n        return oldRipples.slice(1);\n      }\n      return oldRipples;\n    });\n    rippleCallback.current = cb;\n  }, []);\n  React.useImperativeHandle(ref, function () {\n    return {\n      pulsate: pulsate,\n      start: start,\n      stop: stop\n    };\n  }, [pulsate, start, stop]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    ref: container\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroup, {\n    component: null,\n    exit: true\n  }, ripples));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  flip: false,\n  name: 'MuiTouchRipple'\n})( /*#__PURE__*/React.memo(TouchRipple));","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { elementTypeAcceptingRef, refType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport useIsFocusVisible from '../utils/useIsFocusVisible';\nimport TouchRipple from './TouchRipple';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    display: 'inline-flex',\n    alignItems: 'center',\n    justifyContent: 'center',\n    position: 'relative',\n    WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n    backgroundColor: 'transparent',\n    // Reset default value\n    // We disable the focus ring for mouse, touch and keyboard users.\n    outline: 0,\n    border: 0,\n    margin: 0,\n    // Remove the margin in Safari\n    borderRadius: 0,\n    padding: 0,\n    // Remove the padding in Firefox\n    cursor: 'pointer',\n    userSelect: 'none',\n    verticalAlign: 'middle',\n    '-moz-appearance': 'none',\n    // Reset\n    '-webkit-appearance': 'none',\n    // Reset\n    textDecoration: 'none',\n    // So we take precedent over the style of a native <a /> element.\n    color: 'inherit',\n    '&::-moz-focus-inner': {\n      borderStyle: 'none' // Remove Firefox dotted outline.\n    },\n\n    '&$disabled': {\n      pointerEvents: 'none',\n      // Disable link interactions\n      cursor: 'default'\n    },\n    '@media print': {\n      colorAdjust: 'exact'\n    }\n  },\n  /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n  disabled: {},\n  /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if keyboard focused. */\n  focusVisible: {}\n};\n/**\n * `ButtonBase` contains as few styles as possible.\n * It aims to be a simple building block for creating a button.\n * It contains a load of style reset and some focus/ripple logic.\n */\n\nvar ButtonBase = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function ButtonBase(props, ref) {\n  var action = props.action,\n    buttonRefProp = props.buttonRef,\n    _props$centerRipple = props.centerRipple,\n    centerRipple = _props$centerRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$centerRipple,\n    children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableRipple = props.disableRipple,\n    disableRipple = _props$disableRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRipple,\n    _props$disableTouchRi = props.disableTouchRipple,\n    disableTouchRipple = _props$disableTouchRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableTouchRi,\n    _props$focusRipple = props.focusRipple,\n    focusRipple = _props$focusRipple === void 0 ? false : _props$focusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    onBlur = props.onBlur,\n    onClick = props.onClick,\n    onFocus = props.onFocus,\n    onFocusVisible = props.onFocusVisible,\n    onKeyDown = props.onKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp = props.onKeyUp,\n    onMouseDown = props.onMouseDown,\n    onMouseLeave = props.onMouseLeave,\n    onMouseUp = props.onMouseUp,\n    onTouchEnd = props.onTouchEnd,\n    onTouchMove = props.onTouchMove,\n    onTouchStart = props.onTouchStart,\n    onDragLeave = props.onDragLeave,\n    _props$tabIndex = props.tabIndex,\n    tabIndex = _props$tabIndex === void 0 ? 0 : _props$tabIndex,\n    TouchRippleProps = props.TouchRippleProps,\n    _props$type = props.type,\n    type = _props$type === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$type,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"action\", \"buttonRef\", \"centerRipple\", \"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableRipple\", \"disableTouchRipple\", \"focusRipple\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"onBlur\", \"onClick\", \"onFocus\", \"onFocusVisible\", \"onKeyDown\", \"onKeyUp\", \"onMouseDown\", \"onMouseLeave\", \"onMouseUp\", \"onTouchEnd\", \"onTouchMove\", \"onTouchStart\", \"onDragLeave\", \"tabIndex\", \"TouchRippleProps\", \"type\"]);\n  var buttonRef = React.useRef(null);\n  function getButtonNode() {\n    // #StrictMode ready\n    return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(buttonRef.current);\n  }\n  var rippleRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    focusVisible = _React$useState[0],\n    setFocusVisible = _React$useState[1];\n  if (disabled && focusVisible) {\n    setFocusVisible(false);\n  }\n  var _useIsFocusVisible = useIsFocusVisible(),\n    isFocusVisible = _useIsFocusVisible.isFocusVisible,\n    onBlurVisible = _useIsFocusVisible.onBlurVisible,\n    focusVisibleRef = _useIsFocusVisible.ref;\n  React.useImperativeHandle(action, function () {\n    return {\n      focusVisible: function focusVisible() {\n        setFocusVisible(true);\n        buttonRef.current.focus();\n      }\n    };\n  }, []);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (focusVisible && focusRipple && !disableRipple) {\n      rippleRef.current.pulsate();\n    }\n  }, [disableRipple, focusRipple, focusVisible]);\n  function useRippleHandler(rippleAction, eventCallback) {\n    var skipRippleAction = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : disableTouchRipple;\n    return useEventCallback(function (event) {\n      if (eventCallback) {\n        eventCallback(event);\n      }\n      var ignore = skipRippleAction;\n      if (!ignore && rippleRef.current) {\n        rippleRef.current[rippleAction](event);\n      }\n      return true;\n    });\n  }\n  var handleMouseDown = useRippleHandler('start', onMouseDown);\n  var handleDragLeave = useRippleHandler('stop', onDragLeave);\n  var handleMouseUp = useRippleHandler('stop', onMouseUp);\n  var handleMouseLeave = useRippleHandler('stop', function (event) {\n    if (focusVisible) {\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onMouseLeave) {\n      onMouseLeave(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var handleTouchStart = useRippleHandler('start', onTouchStart);\n  var handleTouchEnd = useRippleHandler('stop', onTouchEnd);\n  var handleTouchMove = useRippleHandler('stop', onTouchMove);\n  var handleBlur = useRippleHandler('stop', function (event) {\n    if (focusVisible) {\n      onBlurVisible(event);\n      setFocusVisible(false);\n    }\n    if (onBlur) {\n      onBlur(event);\n    }\n  }, false);\n  var handleFocus = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // Fix for https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/7769\n    if (!buttonRef.current) {\n      buttonRef.current = event.currentTarget;\n    }\n    if (isFocusVisible(event)) {\n      setFocusVisible(true);\n      if (onFocusVisible) {\n        onFocusVisible(event);\n      }\n    }\n    if (onFocus) {\n      onFocus(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var isNonNativeButton = function isNonNativeButton() {\n    var button = getButtonNode();\n    return component && component !== 'button' && !(button.tagName === 'A' && button.href);\n  };\n  /**\n   * IE 11 shim for https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/repeat\n   */\n\n  var keydownRef = React.useRef(false);\n  var handleKeyDown = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // Check if key is already down to avoid repeats being counted as multiple activations\n    if (focusRipple && !keydownRef.current && focusVisible && rippleRef.current && event.key === ' ') {\n      keydownRef.current = true;\n      event.persist();\n      rippleRef.current.stop(event, function () {\n        rippleRef.current.start(event);\n      });\n    }\n    if (event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === ' ') {\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onKeyDown) {\n      onKeyDown(event);\n    } // Keyboard accessibility for non interactive elements\n\n    if (event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === 'Enter' && !disabled) {\n      event.preventDefault();\n      if (onClick) {\n        onClick(event);\n      }\n    }\n  });\n  var handleKeyUp = useEventCallback(function (event) {\n    // calling preventDefault in keyUp on a <button> will not dispatch a click event if Space is pressed\n    // https://codesandbox.io/s/button-keyup-preventdefault-dn7f0\n    if (focusRipple && event.key === ' ' && rippleRef.current && focusVisible && !event.defaultPrevented) {\n      keydownRef.current = false;\n      event.persist();\n      rippleRef.current.stop(event, function () {\n        rippleRef.current.pulsate(event);\n      });\n    }\n    if (onKeyUp) {\n      onKeyUp(event);\n    } // Keyboard accessibility for non interactive elements\n\n    if (onClick && event.target === event.currentTarget && isNonNativeButton() && event.key === ' ' && !event.defaultPrevented) {\n      onClick(event);\n    }\n  });\n  var ComponentProp = component;\n  if (ComponentProp === 'button' && other.href) {\n    ComponentProp = 'a';\n  }\n  var buttonProps = {};\n  if (ComponentProp === 'button') {\n    buttonProps.type = type;\n    buttonProps.disabled = disabled;\n  } else {\n    if (ComponentProp !== 'a' || !other.href) {\n      buttonProps.role = 'button';\n    }\n    buttonProps['aria-disabled'] = disabled;\n  }\n  var handleUserRef = useForkRef(buttonRefProp, ref);\n  var handleOwnRef = useForkRef(focusVisibleRef, buttonRef);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(handleUserRef, handleOwnRef);\n  var _React$useState2 = React.useState(false),\n    mountedState = _React$useState2[0],\n    setMountedState = _React$useState2[1];\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    setMountedState(true);\n  }, []);\n  var enableTouchRipple = mountedState && !disableRipple && !disabled;\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/rules-of-hooks\n    React.useEffect(function () {\n      if (enableTouchRipple && !rippleRef.current) {\n        console.error(['Material-UI: The `component` prop provided to ButtonBase is invalid.', 'Please make sure the children prop is rendered in this custom component.'].join('\\n'));\n      }\n    }, [enableTouchRipple]);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ComponentProp, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, focusVisible && [classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName], disabled && classes.disabled),\n    onBlur: handleBlur,\n    onClick: onClick,\n    onFocus: handleFocus,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp: handleKeyUp,\n    onMouseDown: handleMouseDown,\n    onMouseLeave: handleMouseLeave,\n    onMouseUp: handleMouseUp,\n    onDragLeave: handleDragLeave,\n    onTouchEnd: handleTouchEnd,\n    onTouchMove: handleTouchMove,\n    onTouchStart: handleTouchStart,\n    ref: handleRef,\n    tabIndex: disabled ? -1 : tabIndex\n  }, buttonProps, other), children, enableTouchRipple ? /*#__PURE__*/\n\n  /* TouchRipple is only needed client-side, x2 boost on the server. */\n  React.createElement(TouchRipple, _extends({\n    ref: rippleRef,\n    center: centerRipple\n  }, TouchRippleProps)) : null);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiButtonBase'\n})(ButtonBase);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport Paper from '../Paper';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    overflow: 'hidden'\n  }\n};\nvar Card = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Card(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$raised = props.raised,\n    raised = _props$raised === void 0 ? false : _props$raised,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"raised\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Paper, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    elevation: raised ? 8 : 1,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCard'\n})(Card);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    padding: 16,\n    '&:last-child': {\n      paddingBottom: 24\n    }\n  }\n};\nvar CardContent = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function CardContent(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"component\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCardContent'\n})(CardContent);","import * as React from 'react';\nimport createSvgIcon from '../../utils/createSvgIcon';\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nexport default createSvgIcon( /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n  d: \"M12 2C6.47 2 2 6.47 2 12s4.47 10 10 10 10-4.47 10-10S17.53 2 12 2zm5 13.59L15.59 17 12 13.41 8.41 17 7 15.59 10.59 12 7 8.41 8.41 7 12 10.59 15.59 7 17 8.41 13.41 12 17 15.59z\"\n}), 'Cancel');","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport CancelIcon from '../internal/svg-icons/Cancel';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { emphasize, alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport unsupportedProp from '../utils/unsupportedProp';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  var backgroundColor = theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[300] : theme.palette.grey[700];\n  var deleteIconColor = alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, 0.26);\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      fontFamily: theme.typography.fontFamily,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(13),\n      display: 'inline-flex',\n      alignItems: 'center',\n      justifyContent: 'center',\n      height: 32,\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(backgroundColor),\n      backgroundColor: backgroundColor,\n      borderRadius: 32 / 2,\n      whiteSpace: 'nowrap',\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow']),\n      // label will inherit this from root, then `clickable` class overrides this for both\n      cursor: 'default',\n      // We disable the focus ring for mouse, touch and keyboard users.\n      outline: 0,\n      textDecoration: 'none',\n      border: 'none',\n      // Remove `button` border\n      padding: 0,\n      // Remove `button` padding\n      verticalAlign: 'middle',\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      '&$disabled': {\n        opacity: 0.5,\n        pointerEvents: 'none'\n      },\n      '& $avatar': {\n        marginLeft: 5,\n        marginRight: -6,\n        width: 24,\n        height: 24,\n        color: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[700] : theme.palette.grey[300],\n        fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(12)\n      },\n      '& $avatarColorPrimary': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark\n      },\n      '& $avatarColorSecondary': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark\n      },\n      '& $avatarSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 4,\n        marginRight: -4,\n        width: 18,\n        height: 18,\n        fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(10)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    sizeSmall: {\n      height: 24\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickable: {\n      userSelect: 'none',\n      WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n      cursor: 'pointer',\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(backgroundColor, 0.08)\n      },\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[1]\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` and `color=\"primary\"` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickableColorPrimary: {\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onClick` and `color=\"secondary\"` is defined or `clickable={true}`. */\n    clickableColorSecondary: {\n      '&:hover, &:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` is defined. */\n    deletable: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(backgroundColor, 0.08)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` and `color=\"primary\"` is defined. */\n    deletableColorPrimary: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.2)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `onDelete` and `color=\"secondary\"` is defined. */\n    deletableColorSecondary: {\n      '&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: emphasize(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.2)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      backgroundColor: 'transparent',\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.type === 'light' ? 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23)' : 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.23)'),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.text.primary, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      },\n      '& $avatar': {\n        marginLeft: 4\n      },\n      '& $avatarSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 2\n      },\n      '& $icon': {\n        marginLeft: 4\n      },\n      '& $iconSmall': {\n        marginLeft: 2\n      },\n      '& $deleteIcon': {\n        marginRight: 5\n      },\n      '& $deleteIconSmall': {\n        marginRight: 3\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    outlinedPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.primary.main),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"` and `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    outlinedSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.secondary.main),\n      '$clickable&:hover, $clickable&:focus, $deletable&:focus': {\n        backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, theme.palette.action.hoverOpacity)\n      }\n    },\n    // TODO v5: remove\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element. */\n    avatar: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    avatarSmall: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    avatarColorPrimary: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `avatar` element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    avatarColorSecondary: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element. */\n    icon: {\n      color: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[700] : theme.palette.grey[300],\n      marginLeft: 5,\n      marginRight: -6\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    iconSmall: {\n      width: 18,\n      height: 18,\n      marginLeft: 4,\n      marginRight: -4\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    iconColorPrimary: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `icon` element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    iconColorSecondary: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the label `span` element. */\n    label: {\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      textOverflow: 'ellipsis',\n      paddingLeft: 12,\n      paddingRight: 12,\n      whiteSpace: 'nowrap'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the label `span` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    labelSmall: {\n      paddingLeft: 8,\n      paddingRight: 8\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `deleteIcon` element. */\n    deleteIcon: {\n      WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent',\n      color: deleteIconColor,\n      height: 22,\n      width: 22,\n      cursor: 'pointer',\n      margin: '0 5px 0 -6px',\n      '&:hover': {\n        color: alpha(deleteIconColor, 0.4)\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `deleteIcon` element if `size=\"small\"`. */\n    deleteIconSmall: {\n      height: 16,\n      width: 16,\n      marginRight: 4,\n      marginLeft: -4\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"primary\"` and `variant=\"default\"`. */\n    deleteIconColorPrimary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.primary.contrastText, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"secondary\"` and `variant=\"default\"`. */\n    deleteIconColorSecondary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.contrastText, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"primary\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    deleteIconOutlinedColorPrimary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.primary.main\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the deleteIcon element if `color=\"secondary\"` and `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    deleteIconOutlinedColorSecondary: {\n      color: alpha(theme.palette.secondary.main, 0.7),\n      '&:hover, &:active': {\n        color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n      }\n    }\n  };\n};\nfunction isDeleteKeyboardEvent(keyboardEvent) {\n  return keyboardEvent.key === 'Backspace' || keyboardEvent.key === 'Delete';\n}\n/**\n * Chips represent complex entities in small blocks, such as a contact.\n */\n\nvar Chip = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Chip(props, ref) {\n  var avatarProp = props.avatar,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    clickableProp = props.clickable,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    ComponentProp = props.component,\n    deleteIconProp = props.deleteIcon,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    iconProp = props.icon,\n    label = props.label,\n    onClick = props.onClick,\n    onDelete = props.onDelete,\n    onKeyDown = props.onKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp = props.onKeyUp,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$size,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"avatar\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"clickable\", \"color\", \"component\", \"deleteIcon\", \"disabled\", \"icon\", \"label\", \"onClick\", \"onDelete\", \"onKeyDown\", \"onKeyUp\", \"size\", \"variant\"]);\n  var chipRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(chipRef, ref);\n  var handleDeleteIconClick = function handleDeleteIconClick(event) {\n    // Stop the event from bubbling up to the `Chip`\n    event.stopPropagation();\n    if (onDelete) {\n      onDelete(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyDown = function handleKeyDown(event) {\n    // Ignore events from children of `Chip`.\n    if (event.currentTarget === event.target && isDeleteKeyboardEvent(event)) {\n      // will be handled in keyUp, otherwise some browsers\n      // might init navigation\n      event.preventDefault();\n    }\n    if (onKeyDown) {\n      onKeyDown(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyUp = function handleKeyUp(event) {\n    // Ignore events from children of `Chip`.\n    if (event.currentTarget === event.target) {\n      if (onDelete && isDeleteKeyboardEvent(event)) {\n        onDelete(event);\n      } else if (event.key === 'Escape' && chipRef.current) {\n        chipRef.current.blur();\n      }\n    }\n    if (onKeyUp) {\n      onKeyUp(event);\n    }\n  };\n  var clickable = clickableProp !== false && onClick ? true : clickableProp;\n  var small = size === 'small';\n  var Component = ComponentProp || (clickable ? ButtonBase : 'div');\n  var moreProps = Component === ButtonBase ? {\n    component: 'div'\n  } : {};\n  var deleteIcon = null;\n  if (onDelete) {\n    var customClasses = clsx(color !== 'default' && (variant === \"default\" ? classes[\"deleteIconColor\".concat(capitalize(color))] : classes[\"deleteIconOutlinedColor\".concat(capitalize(color))]), small && classes.deleteIconSmall);\n    deleteIcon = deleteIconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(deleteIconProp) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(deleteIconProp, {\n      className: clsx(deleteIconProp.props.className, classes.deleteIcon, customClasses),\n      onClick: handleDeleteIconClick\n    }) : /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CancelIcon, {\n      className: clsx(classes.deleteIcon, customClasses),\n      onClick: handleDeleteIconClick\n    });\n  }\n  var avatar = null;\n  if (avatarProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(avatarProp)) {\n    avatar = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(avatarProp, {\n      className: clsx(classes.avatar, avatarProp.props.className, small && classes.avatarSmall, color !== 'default' && classes[\"avatarColor\".concat(capitalize(color))])\n    });\n  }\n  var icon = null;\n  if (iconProp && /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(iconProp)) {\n    icon = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(iconProp, {\n      className: clsx(classes.icon, iconProp.props.className, small && classes.iconSmall, color !== 'default' && classes[\"iconColor\".concat(capitalize(color))])\n    });\n  }\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    if (avatar && icon) {\n      console.error('Material-UI: The Chip component can not handle the avatar ' + 'and the icon prop at the same time. Pick one.');\n    }\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    role: clickable || onDelete ? 'button' : undefined,\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'default' && [classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], clickable && classes[\"clickableColor\".concat(capitalize(color))], onDelete && classes[\"deletableColor\".concat(capitalize(color))]], variant !== \"default\" && [classes.outlined, {\n      'primary': classes.outlinedPrimary,\n      'secondary': classes.outlinedSecondary\n    }[color]], disabled && classes.disabled, small && classes.sizeSmall, clickable && classes.clickable, onDelete && classes.deletable),\n    \"aria-disabled\": disabled ? true : undefined,\n    tabIndex: clickable || onDelete ? 0 : undefined,\n    onClick: onClick,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    onKeyUp: handleKeyUp,\n    ref: handleRef\n  }, moreProps, other), avatar || icon, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.label, small && classes.labelSmall)\n  }, label), deleteIcon);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiChip'\n})(Chip);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nvar SIZE = 44;\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      display: 'inline-block'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"static\"`. */\n    static: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('transform')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"indeterminate\"`. */\n    indeterminate: {\n      animation: '$circular-rotate 1.4s linear infinite'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"determinate\"`. */\n    determinate: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('transform')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `svg` element. */\n    svg: {\n      display: 'block' // Keeps the progress centered\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path. */\n    circle: {\n      stroke: 'currentColor' // Use butt to follow the specification, by chance, it's already the default CSS value.\n      // strokeLinecap: 'butt',\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"static\"`. */\n    circleStatic: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('stroke-dashoffset')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"indeterminate\"`. */\n    circleIndeterminate: {\n      animation: '$circular-dash 1.4s ease-in-out infinite',\n      // Some default value that looks fine waiting for the animation to kicks in.\n      strokeDasharray: '80px, 200px',\n      strokeDashoffset: '0px' // Add the unit to fix a Edge 16 and below bug.\n    },\n\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant=\"determinate\"`. */\n    circleDeterminate: {\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('stroke-dashoffset')\n    },\n    '@keyframes circular-rotate': {\n      '0%': {\n        // Fix IE 11 wobbly\n        transformOrigin: '50% 50%'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        transform: 'rotate(360deg)'\n      }\n    },\n    '@keyframes circular-dash': {\n      '0%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '1px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '0px'\n      },\n      '50%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '100px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '-15px'\n      },\n      '100%': {\n        strokeDasharray: '100px, 200px',\n        strokeDashoffset: '-125px'\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `disableShrink={true}`. */\n    circleDisableShrink: {\n      animation: 'none'\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * ## ARIA\n *\n * If the progress bar is describing the loading progress of a particular region of a page,\n * you should use `aria-describedby` to point to the progress bar, and set the `aria-busy`\n * attribute to `true` on that region until it has finished loading.\n */\n\nvar CircularProgress = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function CircularProgress(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'primary' : _props$color,\n    _props$disableShrink = props.disableShrink,\n    disableShrink = _props$disableShrink === void 0 ? false : _props$disableShrink,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 40 : _props$size,\n    style = props.style,\n    _props$thickness = props.thickness,\n    thickness = _props$thickness === void 0 ? 3.6 : _props$thickness,\n    _props$value = props.value,\n    value = _props$value === void 0 ? 0 : _props$value,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'indeterminate' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"disableShrink\", \"size\", \"style\", \"thickness\", \"value\", \"variant\"]);\n  var circleStyle = {};\n  var rootStyle = {};\n  var rootProps = {};\n  if (variant === 'determinate' || variant === 'static') {\n    var circumference = 2 * Math.PI * ((SIZE - thickness) / 2);\n    circleStyle.strokeDasharray = circumference.toFixed(3);\n    rootProps['aria-valuenow'] = Math.round(value);\n    circleStyle.strokeDashoffset = \"\".concat(((100 - value) / 100 * circumference).toFixed(3), \"px\");\n    rootStyle.transform = 'rotate(-90deg)';\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'inherit' && classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], {\n      'determinate': classes.determinate,\n      'indeterminate': classes.indeterminate,\n      'static': classes.static\n    }[variant]),\n    style: _extends({\n      width: size,\n      height: size\n    }, rootStyle, style),\n    ref: ref,\n    role: \"progressbar\"\n  }, rootProps, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"svg\", {\n    className: classes.svg,\n    viewBox: \"\".concat(SIZE / 2, \" \").concat(SIZE / 2, \" \").concat(SIZE, \" \").concat(SIZE)\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"circle\", {\n    className: clsx(classes.circle, disableShrink && classes.circleDisableShrink, {\n      'determinate': classes.circleDeterminate,\n      'indeterminate': classes.circleIndeterminate,\n      'static': classes.circleStatic\n    }[variant]),\n    style: circleStyle,\n    cx: SIZE,\n    cy: SIZE,\n    r: (SIZE - thickness) / 2,\n    fill: \"none\",\n    strokeWidth: thickness\n  })));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiCircularProgress',\n  flip: false\n})(CircularProgress);","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport { alpha } from '../styles/colorManipulator';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      height: 1,\n      margin: 0,\n      // Reset browser default style.\n      border: 'none',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.divider\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `absolute={true}`. */\n    absolute: {\n      position: 'absolute',\n      bottom: 0,\n      left: 0,\n      width: '100%'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"inset\"`. */\n    inset: {\n      marginLeft: 72\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `light={true}`. */\n    light: {\n      backgroundColor: alpha(theme.palette.divider, 0.08)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"middle\"`. */\n    middle: {\n      marginLeft: theme.spacing(2),\n      marginRight: theme.spacing(2)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `orientation=\"vertical\"`. */\n    vertical: {\n      height: '100%',\n      width: 1\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `flexItem={true}`. */\n    flexItem: {\n      alignSelf: 'stretch',\n      height: 'auto'\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Divider = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Divider(props, ref) {\n  var _props$absolute = props.absolute,\n    absolute = _props$absolute === void 0 ? false : _props$absolute,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'hr' : _props$component,\n    _props$flexItem = props.flexItem,\n    flexItem = _props$flexItem === void 0 ? false : _props$flexItem,\n    _props$light = props.light,\n    light = _props$light === void 0 ? false : _props$light,\n    _props$orientation = props.orientation,\n    orientation = _props$orientation === void 0 ? 'horizontal' : _props$orientation,\n    _props$role = props.role,\n    role = _props$role === void 0 ? Component !== 'hr' ? 'separator' : undefined : _props$role,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'fullWidth' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"absolute\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"flexItem\", \"light\", \"orientation\", \"role\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, variant !== 'fullWidth' && classes[variant], absolute && classes.absolute, flexItem && classes.flexItem, light && classes.light, orientation === 'vertical' && classes.vertical),\n    role: role,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiDivider'\n})(Divider);","import _classCallCheck from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck\";\nimport _createClass from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass\";\nimport _toConsumableArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/toConsumableArray\";\nimport getScrollbarSize from '../utils/getScrollbarSize';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport ownerWindow from '../utils/ownerWindow'; // Is a vertical scrollbar displayed?\n\nfunction isOverflowing(container) {\n  var doc = ownerDocument(container);\n  if (doc.body === container) {\n    return ownerWindow(doc).innerWidth > doc.documentElement.clientWidth;\n  }\n  return container.scrollHeight > container.clientHeight;\n}\nexport function ariaHidden(node, show) {\n  if (show) {\n    node.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');\n  } else {\n    node.removeAttribute('aria-hidden');\n  }\n}\nfunction getPaddingRight(node) {\n  return parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(node)['padding-right'], 10) || 0;\n}\nfunction ariaHiddenSiblings(container, mountNode, currentNode) {\n  var nodesToExclude = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : [];\n  var show = arguments.length > 4 ? arguments[4] : undefined;\n  var blacklist = [mountNode, currentNode].concat(_toConsumableArray(nodesToExclude));\n  var blacklistTagNames = ['TEMPLATE', 'SCRIPT', 'STYLE'];\n  [].forEach.call(container.children, function (node) {\n    if (node.nodeType === 1 && blacklist.indexOf(node) === -1 && blacklistTagNames.indexOf(node.tagName) === -1) {\n      ariaHidden(node, show);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction findIndexOf(containerInfo, callback) {\n  var idx = -1;\n  containerInfo.some(function (item, index) {\n    if (callback(item)) {\n      idx = index;\n      return true;\n    }\n    return false;\n  });\n  return idx;\n}\nfunction handleContainer(containerInfo, props) {\n  var restoreStyle = [];\n  var restorePaddings = [];\n  var container = containerInfo.container;\n  var fixedNodes;\n  if (!props.disableScrollLock) {\n    if (isOverflowing(container)) {\n      // Compute the size before applying overflow hidden to avoid any scroll jumps.\n      var scrollbarSize = getScrollbarSize();\n      restoreStyle.push({\n        value: container.style.paddingRight,\n        key: 'padding-right',\n        el: container\n      }); // Use computed style, here to get the real padding to add our scrollbar width.\n\n      container.style['padding-right'] = \"\".concat(getPaddingRight(container) + scrollbarSize, \"px\"); // .mui-fixed is a global helper.\n\n      fixedNodes = ownerDocument(container).querySelectorAll('.mui-fixed');\n      [].forEach.call(fixedNodes, function (node) {\n        restorePaddings.push(node.style.paddingRight);\n        node.style.paddingRight = \"\".concat(getPaddingRight(node) + scrollbarSize, \"px\");\n      });\n    } // Improve Gatsby support\n    // https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/force-vertical-scrollbar/\n\n    var parent = container.parentElement;\n    var scrollContainer = parent.nodeName === 'HTML' && window.getComputedStyle(parent)['overflow-y'] === 'scroll' ? parent : container; // Block the scroll even if no scrollbar is visible to account for mobile keyboard\n    // screensize shrink.\n\n    restoreStyle.push({\n      value: scrollContainer.style.overflow,\n      key: 'overflow',\n      el: scrollContainer\n    });\n    scrollContainer.style.overflow = 'hidden';\n  }\n  var restore = function restore() {\n    if (fixedNodes) {\n      [].forEach.call(fixedNodes, function (node, i) {\n        if (restorePaddings[i]) {\n          node.style.paddingRight = restorePaddings[i];\n        } else {\n          node.style.removeProperty('padding-right');\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    restoreStyle.forEach(function (_ref) {\n      var value = _ref.value,\n        el = _ref.el,\n        key = _ref.key;\n      if (value) {\n        el.style.setProperty(key, value);\n      } else {\n        el.style.removeProperty(key);\n      }\n    });\n  };\n  return restore;\n}\nfunction getHiddenSiblings(container) {\n  var hiddenSiblings = [];\n  [].forEach.call(container.children, function (node) {\n    if (node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute('aria-hidden') === 'true') {\n      hiddenSiblings.push(node);\n    }\n  });\n  return hiddenSiblings;\n}\n/**\n * @ignore - do not document.\n *\n * Proper state management for containers and the modals in those containers.\n * Simplified, but inspired by react-overlay's ModalManager class.\n * Used by the Modal to ensure proper styling of containers.\n */\n\nvar ModalManager = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function ModalManager() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ModalManager);\n\n    // this.modals[modalIndex] = modal\n    this.modals = []; // this.containers[containerIndex] = {\n    //   modals: [],\n    //   container,\n    //   restore: null,\n    // }\n\n    this.containers = [];\n  }\n  _createClass(ModalManager, [{\n    key: \"add\",\n    value: function add(modal, container) {\n      var modalIndex = this.modals.indexOf(modal);\n      if (modalIndex !== -1) {\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      modalIndex = this.modals.length;\n      this.modals.push(modal); // If the modal we are adding is already in the DOM.\n\n      if (modal.modalRef) {\n        ariaHidden(modal.modalRef, false);\n      }\n      var hiddenSiblingNodes = getHiddenSiblings(container);\n      ariaHiddenSiblings(container, modal.mountNode, modal.modalRef, hiddenSiblingNodes, true);\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.container === container;\n      });\n      if (containerIndex !== -1) {\n        this.containers[containerIndex].modals.push(modal);\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      this.containers.push({\n        modals: [modal],\n        container: container,\n        restore: null,\n        hiddenSiblingNodes: hiddenSiblingNodes\n      });\n      return modalIndex;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"mount\",\n    value: function mount(modal, props) {\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.modals.indexOf(modal) !== -1;\n      });\n      var containerInfo = this.containers[containerIndex];\n      if (!containerInfo.restore) {\n        containerInfo.restore = handleContainer(containerInfo, props);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"remove\",\n    value: function remove(modal) {\n      var modalIndex = this.modals.indexOf(modal);\n      if (modalIndex === -1) {\n        return modalIndex;\n      }\n      var containerIndex = findIndexOf(this.containers, function (item) {\n        return item.modals.indexOf(modal) !== -1;\n      });\n      var containerInfo = this.containers[containerIndex];\n      containerInfo.modals.splice(containerInfo.modals.indexOf(modal), 1);\n      this.modals.splice(modalIndex, 1); // If that was the last modal in a container, clean up the container.\n\n      if (containerInfo.modals.length === 0) {\n        // The modal might be closed before it had the chance to be mounted in the DOM.\n        if (containerInfo.restore) {\n          containerInfo.restore();\n        }\n        if (modal.modalRef) {\n          // In case the modal wasn't in the DOM yet.\n          ariaHidden(modal.modalRef, true);\n        }\n        ariaHiddenSiblings(containerInfo.container, modal.mountNode, modal.modalRef, containerInfo.hiddenSiblingNodes, false);\n        this.containers.splice(containerIndex, 1);\n      } else {\n        // Otherwise make sure the next top modal is visible to a screen reader.\n        var nextTop = containerInfo.modals[containerInfo.modals.length - 1]; // as soon as a modal is adding its modalRef is undefined. it can't set\n        // aria-hidden because the dom element doesn't exist either\n        // when modal was unmounted before modalRef gets null\n\n        if (nextTop.modalRef) {\n          ariaHidden(nextTop.modalRef, false);\n        }\n      }\n      return modalIndex;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isTopModal\",\n    value: function isTopModal(modal) {\n      return this.modals.length > 0 && this.modals[this.modals.length - 1] === modal;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ModalManager;\n}();\nexport { ModalManager as default };","/* eslint-disable consistent-return, jsx-a11y/no-noninteractive-tabindex, camelcase */\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport { exactProp } from '@material-ui/utils';\n/**\n * Utility component that locks focus inside the component.\n */\n\nfunction Unstable_TrapFocus(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    _props$disableAutoFoc = props.disableAutoFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus = _props$disableAutoFoc === void 0 ? false : _props$disableAutoFoc,\n    _props$disableEnforce = props.disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableEnforceFocus = _props$disableEnforce === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEnforce,\n    _props$disableRestore = props.disableRestoreFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus = _props$disableRestore === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRestore,\n    getDoc = props.getDoc,\n    isEnabled = props.isEnabled,\n    open = props.open;\n  var ignoreNextEnforceFocus = React.useRef();\n  var sentinelStart = React.useRef(null);\n  var sentinelEnd = React.useRef(null);\n  var nodeToRestore = React.useRef();\n  var rootRef = React.useRef(null); // can be removed once we drop support for non ref forwarding class components\n\n  var handleOwnRef = React.useCallback(function (instance) {\n    // #StrictMode ready\n    rootRef.current = ReactDOM.findDOMNode(instance);\n  }, []);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(children.ref, handleOwnRef);\n  var prevOpenRef = React.useRef();\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    prevOpenRef.current = open;\n  }, [open]);\n  if (!prevOpenRef.current && open && typeof window !== 'undefined') {\n    // WARNING: Potentially unsafe in concurrent mode.\n    // The way the read on `nodeToRestore` is setup could make this actually safe.\n    // Say we render `open={false}` -> `open={true}` but never commit.\n    // We have now written a state that wasn't committed. But no committed effect\n    // will read this wrong value. We only read from `nodeToRestore` in effects\n    // that were committed on `open={true}`\n    // WARNING: Prevents the instance from being garbage collected. Should only\n    // hold a weak ref.\n    nodeToRestore.current = getDoc().activeElement;\n  }\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (!open) {\n      return;\n    }\n    var doc = ownerDocument(rootRef.current); // We might render an empty child.\n\n    if (!disableAutoFocus && rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(doc.activeElement)) {\n      if (!rootRef.current.hasAttribute('tabIndex')) {\n        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n          console.error(['Material-UI: The modal content node does not accept focus.', 'For the benefit of assistive technologies, ' + 'the tabIndex of the node is being set to \"-1\".'].join('\\n'));\n        }\n        rootRef.current.setAttribute('tabIndex', -1);\n      }\n      rootRef.current.focus();\n    }\n    var contain = function contain() {\n      var rootElement = rootRef.current; // Cleanup functions are executed lazily in React 17.\n      // Contain can be called between the component being unmounted and its cleanup function being run.\n\n      if (rootElement === null) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!doc.hasFocus() || disableEnforceFocus || !isEnabled() || ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current) {\n        ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current = false;\n        return;\n      }\n      if (rootRef.current && !rootRef.current.contains(doc.activeElement)) {\n        rootRef.current.focus();\n      }\n    };\n    var loopFocus = function loopFocus(event) {\n      // 9 = Tab\n      if (disableEnforceFocus || !isEnabled() || event.keyCode !== 9) {\n        return;\n      } // Make sure the next tab starts from the right place.\n\n      if (doc.activeElement === rootRef.current) {\n        // We need to ignore the next contain as\n        // it will try to move the focus back to the rootRef element.\n        ignoreNextEnforceFocus.current = true;\n        if (event.shiftKey) {\n          sentinelEnd.current.focus();\n        } else {\n          sentinelStart.current.focus();\n        }\n      }\n    };\n    doc.addEventListener('focus', contain, true);\n    doc.addEventListener('keydown', loopFocus, true); // With Edge, Safari and Firefox, no focus related events are fired when the focused area stops being a focused area\n    // e.g. https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=559561.\n    //\n    // The whatwg spec defines how the browser should behave but does not explicitly mention any events:\n    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#focus-fixup-rule.\n\n    var interval = setInterval(function () {\n      contain();\n    }, 50);\n    return function () {\n      clearInterval(interval);\n      doc.removeEventListener('focus', contain, true);\n      doc.removeEventListener('keydown', loopFocus, true); // restoreLastFocus()\n\n      if (!disableRestoreFocus) {\n        // In IE 11 it is possible for document.activeElement to be null resulting\n        // in nodeToRestore.current being null.\n        // Not all elements in IE 11 have a focus method.\n        // Once IE 11 support is dropped the focus() call can be unconditional.\n        if (nodeToRestore.current && nodeToRestore.current.focus) {\n          nodeToRestore.current.focus();\n        }\n        nodeToRestore.current = null;\n      }\n    };\n  }, [disableAutoFocus, disableEnforceFocus, disableRestoreFocus, isEnabled, open]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n    tabIndex: 0,\n    ref: sentinelStart,\n    \"data-test\": \"sentinelStart\"\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, {\n    ref: handleRef\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n    tabIndex: 0,\n    ref: sentinelEnd,\n    \"data-test\": \"sentinelEnd\"\n  }));\n}\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line\n  Unstable_TrapFocus['propTypes' + ''] = exactProp(Unstable_TrapFocus.propTypes);\n}\nexport default Unstable_TrapFocus;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nexport var styles = {\n  /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n  root: {\n    zIndex: -1,\n    position: 'fixed',\n    right: 0,\n    bottom: 0,\n    top: 0,\n    left: 0,\n    backgroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',\n    WebkitTapHighlightColor: 'transparent'\n  },\n  /* Styles applied to the root element if `invisible={true}`. */\n  invisible: {\n    backgroundColor: 'transparent'\n  }\n};\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nvar SimpleBackdrop = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function SimpleBackdrop(props, ref) {\n  var _props$invisible = props.invisible,\n    invisible = _props$invisible === void 0 ? false : _props$invisible,\n    open = props.open,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"invisible\", \"open\"]);\n  return open ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    \"aria-hidden\": true,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other, {\n    style: _extends({}, styles.root, invisible ? styles.invisible : {}, other.style)\n  })) : null;\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default SimpleBackdrop;","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport { getThemeProps, useTheme } from '@material-ui/styles';\nimport { elementAcceptingRef, HTMLElementType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport ownerDocument from '../utils/ownerDocument';\nimport Portal from '../Portal';\nimport createChainedFunction from '../utils/createChainedFunction';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nimport useEventCallback from '../utils/useEventCallback';\nimport zIndex from '../styles/zIndex';\nimport ModalManager, { ariaHidden } from './ModalManager';\nimport TrapFocus from '../Unstable_TrapFocus';\nimport SimpleBackdrop from './SimpleBackdrop';\nfunction getContainer(container) {\n  container = typeof container === 'function' ? container() : container;\n  return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(container);\n}\nfunction getHasTransition(props) {\n  return props.children ? props.children.props.hasOwnProperty('in') : false;\n} // A modal manager used to track and manage the state of open Modals.\n// Modals don't open on the server so this won't conflict with concurrent requests.\n\nvar defaultManager = new ModalManager();\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      position: 'fixed',\n      zIndex: theme.zIndex.modal,\n      right: 0,\n      bottom: 0,\n      top: 0,\n      left: 0\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if the `Modal` has exited. */\n    hidden: {\n      visibility: 'hidden'\n    }\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Modal is a lower-level construct that is leveraged by the following components:\n *\n * - [Dialog](/api/dialog/)\n * - [Drawer](/api/drawer/)\n * - [Menu](/api/menu/)\n * - [Popover](/api/popover/)\n *\n * If you are creating a modal dialog, you probably want to use the [Dialog](/api/dialog/) component\n * rather than directly using Modal.\n *\n * This component shares many concepts with [react-overlays](https://react-bootstrap.github.io/react-overlays/#modals).\n */\n\nvar Modal = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Modal(inProps, ref) {\n  var theme = useTheme();\n  var props = getThemeProps({\n    name: 'MuiModal',\n    props: _extends({}, inProps),\n    theme: theme\n  });\n  var _props$BackdropCompon = props.BackdropComponent,\n    BackdropComponent = _props$BackdropCompon === void 0 ? SimpleBackdrop : _props$BackdropCompon,\n    BackdropProps = props.BackdropProps,\n    children = props.children,\n    _props$closeAfterTran = props.closeAfterTransition,\n    closeAfterTransition = _props$closeAfterTran === void 0 ? false : _props$closeAfterTran,\n    container = props.container,\n    _props$disableAutoFoc = props.disableAutoFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus = _props$disableAutoFoc === void 0 ? false : _props$disableAutoFoc,\n    _props$disableBackdro = props.disableBackdropClick,\n    disableBackdropClick = _props$disableBackdro === void 0 ? false : _props$disableBackdro,\n    _props$disableEnforce = props.disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableEnforceFocus = _props$disableEnforce === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEnforce,\n    _props$disableEscapeK = props.disableEscapeKeyDown,\n    disableEscapeKeyDown = _props$disableEscapeK === void 0 ? false : _props$disableEscapeK,\n    _props$disablePortal = props.disablePortal,\n    disablePortal = _props$disablePortal === void 0 ? false : _props$disablePortal,\n    _props$disableRestore = props.disableRestoreFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus = _props$disableRestore === void 0 ? false : _props$disableRestore,\n    _props$disableScrollL = props.disableScrollLock,\n    disableScrollLock = _props$disableScrollL === void 0 ? false : _props$disableScrollL,\n    _props$hideBackdrop = props.hideBackdrop,\n    hideBackdrop = _props$hideBackdrop === void 0 ? false : _props$hideBackdrop,\n    _props$keepMounted = props.keepMounted,\n    keepMounted = _props$keepMounted === void 0 ? false : _props$keepMounted,\n    _props$manager = props.manager,\n    manager = _props$manager === void 0 ? defaultManager : _props$manager,\n    onBackdropClick = props.onBackdropClick,\n    onClose = props.onClose,\n    onEscapeKeyDown = props.onEscapeKeyDown,\n    onRendered = props.onRendered,\n    open = props.open,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"BackdropComponent\", \"BackdropProps\", \"children\", \"closeAfterTransition\", \"container\", \"disableAutoFocus\", \"disableBackdropClick\", \"disableEnforceFocus\", \"disableEscapeKeyDown\", \"disablePortal\", \"disableRestoreFocus\", \"disableScrollLock\", \"hideBackdrop\", \"keepMounted\", \"manager\", \"onBackdropClick\", \"onClose\", \"onEscapeKeyDown\", \"onRendered\", \"open\"]);\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(true),\n    exited = _React$useState[0],\n    setExited = _React$useState[1];\n  var modal = React.useRef({});\n  var mountNodeRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var modalRef = React.useRef(null);\n  var handleRef = useForkRef(modalRef, ref);\n  var hasTransition = getHasTransition(props);\n  var getDoc = function getDoc() {\n    return ownerDocument(mountNodeRef.current);\n  };\n  var getModal = function getModal() {\n    modal.current.modalRef = modalRef.current;\n    modal.current.mountNode = mountNodeRef.current;\n    return modal.current;\n  };\n  var handleMounted = function handleMounted() {\n    manager.mount(getModal(), {\n      disableScrollLock: disableScrollLock\n    }); // Fix a bug on Chrome where the scroll isn't initially 0.\n\n    modalRef.current.scrollTop = 0;\n  };\n  var handleOpen = useEventCallback(function () {\n    var resolvedContainer = getContainer(container) || getDoc().body;\n    manager.add(getModal(), resolvedContainer); // The element was already mounted.\n\n    if (modalRef.current) {\n      handleMounted();\n    }\n  });\n  var isTopModal = React.useCallback(function () {\n    return manager.isTopModal(getModal());\n  }, [manager]);\n  var handlePortalRef = useEventCallback(function (node) {\n    mountNodeRef.current = node;\n    if (!node) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onRendered) {\n      onRendered();\n    }\n    if (open && isTopModal()) {\n      handleMounted();\n    } else {\n      ariaHidden(modalRef.current, true);\n    }\n  });\n  var handleClose = React.useCallback(function () {\n    manager.remove(getModal());\n  }, [manager]);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    return function () {\n      handleClose();\n    };\n  }, [handleClose]);\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (open) {\n      handleOpen();\n    } else if (!hasTransition || !closeAfterTransition) {\n      handleClose();\n    }\n  }, [open, handleClose, hasTransition, closeAfterTransition, handleOpen]);\n  if (!keepMounted && !open && (!hasTransition || exited)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var handleEnter = function handleEnter() {\n    setExited(false);\n  };\n  var handleExited = function handleExited() {\n    setExited(true);\n    if (closeAfterTransition) {\n      handleClose();\n    }\n  };\n  var handleBackdropClick = function handleBackdropClick(event) {\n    if (event.target !== event.currentTarget) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onBackdropClick) {\n      onBackdropClick(event);\n    }\n    if (!disableBackdropClick && onClose) {\n      onClose(event, 'backdropClick');\n    }\n  };\n  var handleKeyDown = function handleKeyDown(event) {\n    // The handler doesn't take event.defaultPrevented into account:\n    //\n    // event.preventDefault() is meant to stop default behaviours like\n    // clicking a checkbox to check it, hitting a button to submit a form,\n    // and hitting left arrow to move the cursor in a text input etc.\n    // Only special HTML elements have these default behaviors.\n    if (event.key !== 'Escape' || !isTopModal()) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (onEscapeKeyDown) {\n      onEscapeKeyDown(event);\n    }\n    if (!disableEscapeKeyDown) {\n      // Swallow the event, in case someone is listening for the escape key on the body.\n      event.stopPropagation();\n      if (onClose) {\n        onClose(event, 'escapeKeyDown');\n      }\n    }\n  };\n  var inlineStyle = styles(theme || {\n    zIndex: zIndex\n  });\n  var childProps = {};\n  if (children.props.tabIndex === undefined) {\n    childProps.tabIndex = children.props.tabIndex || '-1';\n  } // It's a Transition like component\n\n  if (hasTransition) {\n    childProps.onEnter = createChainedFunction(handleEnter, children.props.onEnter);\n    childProps.onExited = createChainedFunction(handleExited, children.props.onExited);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Portal, {\n    ref: handlePortalRef,\n    container: container,\n    disablePortal: disablePortal\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n    ref: handleRef,\n    onKeyDown: handleKeyDown,\n    role: \"presentation\"\n  }, other, {\n    style: _extends({}, inlineStyle.root, !open && exited ? inlineStyle.hidden : {}, other.style)\n  }), hideBackdrop ? null : /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(BackdropComponent, _extends({\n    open: open,\n    onClick: handleBackdropClick\n  }, BackdropProps)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TrapFocus, {\n    disableEnforceFocus: disableEnforceFocus,\n    disableAutoFocus: disableAutoFocus,\n    disableRestoreFocus: disableRestoreFocus,\n    getDoc: getDoc,\n    isEnabled: isTopModal,\n    open: open\n  }, /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, childProps))));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default Modal;","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  var elevations = {};\n  theme.shadows.forEach(function (shadow, index) {\n    elevations[\"elevation\".concat(index)] = {\n      boxShadow: shadow\n    };\n  });\n  return _extends({\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.background.paper,\n      color: theme.palette.text.primary,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('box-shadow')\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `square={false}`. */\n    rounded: {\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"outlined\"`. */\n    outlined: {\n      border: \"1px solid \".concat(theme.palette.divider)\n    }\n  }, elevations);\n};\nvar Paper = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Paper(props, ref) {\n  var classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    _props$square = props.square,\n    square = _props$square === void 0 ? false : _props$square,\n    _props$elevation = props.elevation,\n    elevation = _props$elevation === void 0 ? 1 : _props$elevation,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'elevation' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"square\", \"elevation\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, variant === 'outlined' ? classes.outlined : classes[\"elevation\".concat(elevation)], !square && classes.rounded),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiPaper'\n})(Paper);","import * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nimport { exactProp, HTMLElementType } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport deprecatedPropType from '../utils/deprecatedPropType';\nimport setRef from '../utils/setRef';\nimport useForkRef from '../utils/useForkRef';\nfunction getContainer(container) {\n  container = typeof container === 'function' ? container() : container; // #StrictMode ready\n\n  return ReactDOM.findDOMNode(container);\n}\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? React.useLayoutEffect : React.useEffect;\n/**\n * Portals provide a first-class way to render children into a DOM node\n * that exists outside the DOM hierarchy of the parent component.\n */\n\nvar Portal = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Portal(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    container = props.container,\n    _props$disablePortal = props.disablePortal,\n    disablePortal = _props$disablePortal === void 0 ? false : _props$disablePortal,\n    onRendered = props.onRendered;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(null),\n    mountNode = _React$useState[0],\n    setMountNode = _React$useState[1];\n  var handleRef = useForkRef( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(children) ? children.ref : null, ref);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (!disablePortal) {\n      setMountNode(getContainer(container) || document.body);\n    }\n  }, [container, disablePortal]);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (mountNode && !disablePortal) {\n      setRef(ref, mountNode);\n      return function () {\n        setRef(ref, null);\n      };\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }, [ref, mountNode, disablePortal]);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    if (onRendered && (mountNode || disablePortal)) {\n      onRendered();\n    }\n  }, [onRendered, mountNode, disablePortal]);\n  if (disablePortal) {\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(children)) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(children, {\n        ref: handleRef\n      });\n    }\n    return children;\n  }\n  return mountNode ? /*#__PURE__*/ReactDOM.createPortal(children, mountNode) : mountNode;\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nif (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line\n  Portal['propTypes' + ''] = exactProp(Portal.propTypes);\n}\nexport default Portal;","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      userSelect: 'none',\n      width: '1em',\n      height: '1em',\n      display: 'inline-block',\n      fill: 'currentColor',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(24),\n      transition: theme.transitions.create('fill', {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.shorter\n      })\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    colorPrimary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    colorSecondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"action\"`. */\n    colorAction: {\n      color: theme.palette.action.active\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"error\"`. */\n    colorError: {\n      color: theme.palette.error.main\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"disabled\"`. */\n    colorDisabled: {\n      color: theme.palette.action.disabled\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"inherit\"`. */\n    fontSizeInherit: {\n      fontSize: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"small\"`. */\n    fontSizeSmall: {\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(20)\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `fontSize=\"large\"`. */\n    fontSizeLarge: {\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(35)\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar SvgIcon = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function SvgIcon(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'inherit' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'svg' : _props$component,\n    _props$fontSize = props.fontSize,\n    fontSize = _props$fontSize === void 0 ? 'medium' : _props$fontSize,\n    htmlColor = props.htmlColor,\n    titleAccess = props.titleAccess,\n    _props$viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    viewBox = _props$viewBox === void 0 ? '0 0 24 24' : _props$viewBox,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"fontSize\", \"htmlColor\", \"titleAccess\", \"viewBox\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, color !== 'inherit' && classes[\"color\".concat(capitalize(color))], fontSize !== 'default' && fontSize !== 'medium' && classes[\"fontSize\".concat(capitalize(fontSize))]),\n    focusable: \"false\",\n    viewBox: viewBox,\n    color: htmlColor,\n    \"aria-hidden\": titleAccess ? undefined : true,\n    role: titleAccess ? 'img' : undefined,\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), children, titleAccess ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"title\", null, titleAccess) : null);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nSvgIcon.muiName = 'SvgIcon';\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiSvgIcon'\n})(SvgIcon);","import { formatMuiErrorMessage as _formatMuiErrorMessage } from \"@material-ui/utils\";\n// It should to be noted that this function isn't equivalent to `text-transform: capitalize`.\n//\n// A strict capitalization should uppercase the first letter of each word a the sentence.\n// We only handle the first word.\nexport default function capitalize(string) {\n  if (typeof string !== 'string') {\n    throw new Error(process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? \"Material-UI: capitalize(string) expects a string argument.\" : _formatMuiErrorMessage(7));\n  }\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);\n}","/**\n * Safe chained function\n *\n * Will only create a new function if needed,\n * otherwise will pass back existing functions or null.\n *\n * @param {function} functions to chain\n * @returns {function|null}\n */\nexport default function createChainedFunction() {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, funcs = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    funcs[_key] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  return funcs.reduce(function (acc, func) {\n    if (func == null) {\n      return acc;\n    }\n    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n      if (typeof func !== 'function') {\n        console.error('Material-UI: Invalid Argument Type, must only provide functions, undefined, or null.');\n      }\n    }\n    return function chainedFunction() {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      acc.apply(this, args);\n      func.apply(this, args);\n    };\n  }, function () {});\n}","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport React from 'react';\nimport SvgIcon from '../SvgIcon';\n/**\n * Private module reserved for @material-ui/x packages.\n */\n\nexport default function createSvgIcon(path, displayName) {\n  var Component = function Component(props, ref) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(SvgIcon, _extends({\n      ref: ref\n    }, props), path);\n  };\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // Need to set `displayName` on the inner component for React.memo.\n    // React prior to 16.14 ignores `displayName` on the wrapper.\n    Component.displayName = \"\".concat(displayName, \"Icon\");\n  }\n  Component.muiName = SvgIcon.muiName;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.memo( /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(Component));\n}","// A change of the browser zoom change the scrollbar size.\n// Credit https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/3ffe3a5d82f6f561b82ff78d82b32a7d14aed558/js/src/modal.js#L512-L519\nexport default function getScrollbarSize() {\n  var scrollDiv = document.createElement('div');\n  scrollDiv.style.width = '99px';\n  scrollDiv.style.height = '99px';\n  scrollDiv.style.position = 'absolute';\n  scrollDiv.style.top = '-9999px';\n  scrollDiv.style.overflow = 'scroll';\n  document.body.appendChild(scrollDiv);\n  var scrollbarSize = scrollDiv.offsetWidth - scrollDiv.clientWidth;\n  document.body.removeChild(scrollDiv);\n  return scrollbarSize;\n}","export default function ownerDocument(node) {\n  return node && node.ownerDocument || document;\n}","import ownerDocument from './ownerDocument';\nexport default function ownerWindow(node) {\n  var doc = ownerDocument(node);\n  return doc.defaultView || window;\n}","// TODO v5: consider to make it private\nexport default function setRef(ref, value) {\n  if (typeof ref === 'function') {\n    ref(value);\n  } else if (ref) {\n    ref.current = value;\n  }\n}","import * as React from 'react';\nvar useEnhancedEffect = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? React.useLayoutEffect : React.useEffect;\n/**\n * https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/14099#issuecomment-440013892\n *\n * @param {function} fn\n */\n\nexport default function useEventCallback(fn) {\n  var ref = React.useRef(fn);\n  useEnhancedEffect(function () {\n    ref.current = fn;\n  });\n  return React.useCallback(function () {\n    return (0, ref.current).apply(void 0, arguments);\n  }, []);\n}","import * as React from 'react';\nimport setRef from './setRef';\nexport default function useForkRef(refA, refB) {\n  /**\n   * This will create a new function if the ref props change and are defined.\n   * This means react will call the old forkRef with `null` and the new forkRef\n   * with the ref. Cleanup naturally emerges from this behavior\n   */\n  return React.useMemo(function () {\n    if (refA == null && refB == null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return function (refValue) {\n      setRef(refA, refValue);\n      setRef(refB, refValue);\n    };\n  }, [refA, refB]);\n}","// based on https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/blob/v4.1.5/src/focus-visible.js\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport * as ReactDOM from 'react-dom';\nvar hadKeyboardEvent = true;\nvar hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\nvar hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\nvar inputTypesWhitelist = {\n  text: true,\n  search: true,\n  url: true,\n  tel: true,\n  email: true,\n  password: true,\n  number: true,\n  date: true,\n  month: true,\n  week: true,\n  time: true,\n  datetime: true,\n  'datetime-local': true\n};\n/**\n * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n * @param {Element} node\n * @return {boolean}\n */\n\nfunction focusTriggersKeyboardModality(node) {\n  var type = node.type,\n    tagName = node.tagName;\n  if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesWhitelist[type] && !node.readOnly) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !node.readOnly) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (node.isContentEditable) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n/**\n * Keep track of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n * @param {KeyboardEvent} event\n */\n\nfunction handleKeyDown(event) {\n  if (event.metaKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey) {\n    return;\n  }\n  hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n}\n/**\n * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n * the modality away from keyboard.\n * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n */\n\nfunction handlePointerDown() {\n  hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n}\nfunction handleVisibilityChange() {\n  if (this.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n    // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n    // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n    // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n    // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n    if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n      hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction prepare(doc) {\n  doc.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('mousedown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('pointerdown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('touchstart', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.addEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange, true);\n}\nexport function teardown(doc) {\n  doc.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('mousedown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('pointerdown', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('touchstart', handlePointerDown, true);\n  doc.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange, true);\n}\nfunction isFocusVisible(event) {\n  var target = event.target;\n  try {\n    return target.matches(':focus-visible');\n  } catch (error) {} // browsers not implementing :focus-visible will throw a SyntaxError\n  // we use our own heuristic for those browsers\n  // rethrow might be better if it's not the expected error but do we really\n  // want to crash if focus-visible malfunctioned?\n  // no need for validFocusTarget check. the user does that by attaching it to\n  // focusable events only\n\n  return hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(target);\n}\n/**\n * Should be called if a blur event is fired on a focus-visible element\n */\n\nfunction handleBlurVisible() {\n  // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n  // rapidly by a visibility change.\n  // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n  // regular focus change.\n  hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n  window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n  hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {\n    hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n  }, 100);\n}\nexport default function useIsFocusVisible() {\n  var ref = React.useCallback(function (instance) {\n    var node = ReactDOM.findDOMNode(instance);\n    if (node != null) {\n      prepare(node.ownerDocument);\n    }\n  }, []);\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/rules-of-hooks\n    React.useDebugValue(isFocusVisible);\n  }\n  return {\n    isFocusVisible: isFocusVisible,\n    onBlurVisible: handleBlurVisible,\n    ref: ref\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function bind(fn, thisArg) {\n  return function wrap() {\n    return fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport bind from './helpers/bind.js';\n\n// utils is a library of generic helper functions non-specific to axios\n\nvar toString = Object.prototype.toString;\nvar getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf;\nvar kindOf = function (cache) {\n  return function (thing) {\n    var str = toString.call(thing);\n    return cache[str] || (cache[str] = str.slice(8, -1).toLowerCase());\n  };\n}(Object.create(null));\nvar kindOfTest = function kindOfTest(type) {\n  type = type.toLowerCase();\n  return function (thing) {\n    return kindOf(thing) === type;\n  };\n};\nvar typeOfTest = function typeOfTest(type) {\n  return function (thing) {\n    return typeof thing === type;\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Array\n *\n * @param {Object} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Array, otherwise false\n */\nvar isArray = Array.isArray;\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is undefined\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the value is undefined, otherwise false\n */\nvar isUndefined = typeOfTest('undefined');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Buffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Buffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isBuffer(val) {\n  return val !== null && !isUndefined(val) && val.constructor !== null && !isUndefined(val.constructor) && isFunction(val.constructor.isBuffer) && val.constructor.isBuffer(val);\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nvar isArrayBuffer = kindOfTest('ArrayBuffer');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a view on an ArrayBuffer\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a view on an ArrayBuffer, otherwise false\n */\nfunction isArrayBufferView(val) {\n  var result;\n  if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && ArrayBuffer.isView) {\n    result = ArrayBuffer.isView(val);\n  } else {\n    result = val && val.buffer && isArrayBuffer(val.buffer);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a String\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a String, otherwise false\n */\nvar isString = typeOfTest('string');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Function\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Function, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFunction = typeOfTest('function');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Number\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Number, otherwise false\n */\nvar isNumber = typeOfTest('number');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is an Object\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an Object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isObject = function isObject(thing) {\n  return thing !== null && typeof thing === 'object';\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Boolean\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Boolean, otherwise false\n */\nvar isBoolean = function isBoolean(thing) {\n  return thing === true || thing === false;\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a plain Object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isPlainObject = function isPlainObject(val) {\n  if (kindOf(val) !== 'object') {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var prototype = getPrototypeOf(val);\n  return (prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype || Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype) === null) && !(Symbol.toStringTag in val) && !(Symbol.iterator in val);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Date\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Date, otherwise false\n */\nvar isDate = kindOfTest('Date');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a File\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFile = kindOfTest('File');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Blob\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Blob, otherwise false\n */\nvar isBlob = kindOfTest('Blob');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FileList\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a File, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFileList = kindOfTest('FileList');\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a Stream\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a Stream, otherwise false\n */\nvar isStream = function isStream(val) {\n  return isObject(val) && isFunction(val.pipe);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a FormData\n *\n * @param {*} thing The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is an FormData, otherwise false\n */\nvar isFormData = function isFormData(thing) {\n  var pattern = '[object FormData]';\n  return thing && (typeof FormData === 'function' && thing instanceof FormData || toString.call(thing) === pattern || isFunction(thing.toString) && thing.toString() === pattern);\n};\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a URLSearchParams object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a URLSearchParams object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isURLSearchParams = kindOfTest('URLSearchParams');\n\n/**\n * Trim excess whitespace off the beginning and end of a string\n *\n * @param {String} str The String to trim\n *\n * @returns {String} The String freed of excess whitespace\n */\nvar trim = function trim(str) {\n  return str.trim ? str.trim() : str.replace(/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g, '');\n};\n\n/**\n * Iterate over an Array or an Object invoking a function for each item.\n *\n * If `obj` is an Array callback will be called passing\n * the value, index, and complete array for each item.\n *\n * If 'obj' is an Object callback will be called passing\n * the value, key, and complete object for each property.\n *\n * @param {Object|Array} obj The object to iterate\n * @param {Function} fn The callback to invoke for each item\n *\n * @param {Boolean} [allOwnKeys = false]\n * @returns {any}\n */\nfunction forEach(obj, fn) {\n  var _ref = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {},\n    _ref$allOwnKeys = _ref.allOwnKeys,\n    allOwnKeys = _ref$allOwnKeys === void 0 ? false : _ref$allOwnKeys;\n  // Don't bother if no value provided\n  if (obj === null || typeof obj === 'undefined') {\n    return;\n  }\n  var i;\n  var l;\n\n  // Force an array if not already something iterable\n  if (typeof obj !== 'object') {\n    /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n    obj = [obj];\n  }\n  if (isArray(obj)) {\n    // Iterate over array values\n    for (i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {\n      fn.call(null, obj[i], i, obj);\n    }\n  } else {\n    // Iterate over object keys\n    var keys = allOwnKeys ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj) : Object.keys(obj);\n    var len = keys.length;\n    var key;\n    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n      key = keys[i];\n      fn.call(null, obj[key], key, obj);\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction findKey(obj, key) {\n  key = key.toLowerCase();\n  var keys = Object.keys(obj);\n  var i = keys.length;\n  var _key;\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    _key = keys[i];\n    if (key === _key.toLowerCase()) {\n      return _key;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nvar _global = typeof self === \"undefined\" ? typeof global === \"undefined\" ? this : global : self;\nvar isContextDefined = function isContextDefined(context) {\n  return !isUndefined(context) && context !== _global;\n};\n\n/**\n * Accepts varargs expecting each argument to be an object, then\n * immutably merges the properties of each object and returns result.\n *\n * When multiple objects contain the same key the later object in\n * the arguments list will take precedence.\n *\n * Example:\n *\n * ```js\n * var result = merge({foo: 123}, {foo: 456});\n * console.log(result.foo); // outputs 456\n * ```\n *\n * @param {Object} obj1 Object to merge\n *\n * @returns {Object} Result of all merge properties\n */\nfunction merge( /* obj1, obj2, obj3, ... */\n) {\n  var _ref2 = isContextDefined(this) && this || {},\n    caseless = _ref2.caseless;\n  var result = {};\n  var assignValue = function assignValue(val, key) {\n    var targetKey = caseless && findKey(result, key) || key;\n    if (isPlainObject(result[targetKey]) && isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = merge(result[targetKey], val);\n    } else if (isPlainObject(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = merge({}, val);\n    } else if (isArray(val)) {\n      result[targetKey] = val.slice();\n    } else {\n      result[targetKey] = val;\n    }\n  };\n  for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {\n    arguments[i] && forEach(arguments[i], assignValue);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extends object a by mutably adding to it the properties of object b.\n *\n * @param {Object} a The object to be extended\n * @param {Object} b The object to copy properties from\n * @param {Object} thisArg The object to bind function to\n *\n * @param {Boolean} [allOwnKeys]\n * @returns {Object} The resulting value of object a\n */\nvar extend = function extend(a, b, thisArg) {\n  var _ref3 = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {},\n    allOwnKeys = _ref3.allOwnKeys;\n  forEach(b, function (val, key) {\n    if (thisArg && isFunction(val)) {\n      a[key] = bind(val, thisArg);\n    } else {\n      a[key] = val;\n    }\n  }, {\n    allOwnKeys: allOwnKeys\n  });\n  return a;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove byte order marker. This catches EF BB BF (the UTF-8 BOM)\n *\n * @param {string} content with BOM\n *\n * @returns {string} content value without BOM\n */\nvar stripBOM = function stripBOM(content) {\n  if (content.charCodeAt(0) === 0xFEFF) {\n    content = content.slice(1);\n  }\n  return content;\n};\n\n/**\n * Inherit the prototype methods from one constructor into another\n * @param {function} constructor\n * @param {function} superConstructor\n * @param {object} [props]\n * @param {object} [descriptors]\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nvar inherits = function inherits(constructor, superConstructor, props, descriptors) {\n  constructor.prototype = Object.create(superConstructor.prototype, descriptors);\n  constructor.prototype.constructor = constructor;\n  Object.defineProperty(constructor, 'super', {\n    value: superConstructor.prototype\n  });\n  props && Object.assign(constructor.prototype, props);\n};\n\n/**\n * Resolve object with deep prototype chain to a flat object\n * @param {Object} sourceObj source object\n * @param {Object} [destObj]\n * @param {Function|Boolean} [filter]\n * @param {Function} [propFilter]\n *\n * @returns {Object}\n */\nvar toFlatObject = function toFlatObject(sourceObj, destObj, filter, propFilter) {\n  var props;\n  var i;\n  var prop;\n  var merged = {};\n  destObj = destObj || {};\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n  if (sourceObj == null) return destObj;\n  do {\n    props = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(sourceObj);\n    i = props.length;\n    while (i-- > 0) {\n      prop = props[i];\n      if ((!propFilter || propFilter(prop, sourceObj, destObj)) && !merged[prop]) {\n        destObj[prop] = sourceObj[prop];\n        merged[prop] = true;\n      }\n    }\n    sourceObj = filter !== false && getPrototypeOf(sourceObj);\n  } while (sourceObj && (!filter || filter(sourceObj, destObj)) && sourceObj !== Object.prototype);\n  return destObj;\n};\n\n/**\n * Determines whether a string ends with the characters of a specified string\n *\n * @param {String} str\n * @param {String} searchString\n * @param {Number} [position= 0]\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nvar endsWith = function endsWith(str, searchString, position) {\n  str = String(str);\n  if (position === undefined || position > str.length) {\n    position = str.length;\n  }\n  position -= searchString.length;\n  var lastIndex = str.indexOf(searchString, position);\n  return lastIndex !== -1 && lastIndex === position;\n};\n\n/**\n * Returns new array from array like object or null if failed\n *\n * @param {*} [thing]\n *\n * @returns {?Array}\n */\nvar toArray = function toArray(thing) {\n  if (!thing) return null;\n  if (isArray(thing)) return thing;\n  var i = thing.length;\n  if (!isNumber(i)) return null;\n  var arr = new Array(i);\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    arr[i] = thing[i];\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\n\n/**\n * Checking if the Uint8Array exists and if it does, it returns a function that checks if the\n * thing passed in is an instance of Uint8Array\n *\n * @param {TypedArray}\n *\n * @returns {Array}\n */\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\nvar isTypedArray = function (TypedArray) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n  return function (thing) {\n    return TypedArray && thing instanceof TypedArray;\n  };\n}(typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined' && getPrototypeOf(Uint8Array));\n\n/**\n * For each entry in the object, call the function with the key and value.\n *\n * @param {Object<any, any>} obj - The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} fn - The function to call for each entry.\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nvar forEachEntry = function forEachEntry(obj, fn) {\n  var generator = obj && obj[Symbol.iterator];\n  var iterator = generator.call(obj);\n  var result;\n  while ((result = iterator.next()) && !result.done) {\n    var pair = result.value;\n    fn.call(obj, pair[0], pair[1]);\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * It takes a regular expression and a string, and returns an array of all the matches\n *\n * @param {string} regExp - The regular expression to match against.\n * @param {string} str - The string to search.\n *\n * @returns {Array<boolean>}\n */\nvar matchAll = function matchAll(regExp, str) {\n  var matches;\n  var arr = [];\n  while ((matches = regExp.exec(str)) !== null) {\n    arr.push(matches);\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\n\n/* Checking if the kindOfTest function returns true when passed an HTMLFormElement. */\nvar isHTMLForm = kindOfTest('HTMLFormElement');\nvar toCamelCase = function toCamelCase(str) {\n  return str.toLowerCase().replace(/[_-\\s]([a-z\\d])(\\w*)/g, function replacer(m, p1, p2) {\n    return p1.toUpperCase() + p2;\n  });\n};\n\n/* Creating a function that will check if an object has a property. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = function (_ref4) {\n  var hasOwnProperty = _ref4.hasOwnProperty;\n  return function (obj, prop) {\n    return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);\n  };\n}(Object.prototype);\n\n/**\n * Determine if a value is a RegExp object\n *\n * @param {*} val The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if value is a RegExp object, otherwise false\n */\nvar isRegExp = kindOfTest('RegExp');\nvar reduceDescriptors = function reduceDescriptors(obj, reducer) {\n  var descriptors = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj);\n  var reducedDescriptors = {};\n  forEach(descriptors, function (descriptor, name) {\n    if (reducer(descriptor, name, obj) !== false) {\n      reducedDescriptors[name] = descriptor;\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperties(obj, reducedDescriptors);\n};\n\n/**\n * Makes all methods read-only\n * @param {Object} obj\n */\n\nvar freezeMethods = function freezeMethods(obj) {\n  reduceDescriptors(obj, function (descriptor, name) {\n    // skip restricted props in strict mode\n    if (isFunction(obj) && ['arguments', 'caller', 'callee'].indexOf(name) !== -1) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var value = obj[name];\n    if (!isFunction(value)) return;\n    descriptor.enumerable = false;\n    if ('writable' in descriptor) {\n      descriptor.writable = false;\n      return;\n    }\n    if (!descriptor.set) {\n      descriptor.set = function () {\n        throw Error('Can not rewrite read-only method \\'' + name + '\\'');\n      };\n    }\n  });\n};\nvar toObjectSet = function toObjectSet(arrayOrString, delimiter) {\n  var obj = {};\n  var define = function define(arr) {\n    arr.forEach(function (value) {\n      obj[value] = true;\n    });\n  };\n  isArray(arrayOrString) ? define(arrayOrString) : define(String(arrayOrString).split(delimiter));\n  return obj;\n};\nvar noop = function noop() {};\nvar toFiniteNumber = function toFiniteNumber(value, defaultValue) {\n  value = +value;\n  return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : defaultValue;\n};\nvar toJSONObject = function toJSONObject(obj) {\n  var stack = new Array(10);\n  var visit = function visit(source, i) {\n    if (isObject(source)) {\n      if (stack.indexOf(source) >= 0) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!('toJSON' in source)) {\n        stack[i] = source;\n        var target = isArray(source) ? [] : {};\n        forEach(source, function (value, key) {\n          var reducedValue = visit(value, i + 1);\n          !isUndefined(reducedValue) && (target[key] = reducedValue);\n        });\n        stack[i] = undefined;\n        return target;\n      }\n    }\n    return source;\n  };\n  return visit(obj, 0);\n};\nexport default {\n  isArray: isArray,\n  isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,\n  isBuffer: isBuffer,\n  isFormData: isFormData,\n  isArrayBufferView: isArrayBufferView,\n  isString: isString,\n  isNumber: isNumber,\n  isBoolean: isBoolean,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  isPlainObject: isPlainObject,\n  isUndefined: isUndefined,\n  isDate: isDate,\n  isFile: isFile,\n  isBlob: isBlob,\n  isRegExp: isRegExp,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isStream: isStream,\n  isURLSearchParams: isURLSearchParams,\n  isTypedArray: isTypedArray,\n  isFileList: isFileList,\n  forEach: forEach,\n  merge: merge,\n  extend: extend,\n  trim: trim,\n  stripBOM: stripBOM,\n  inherits: inherits,\n  toFlatObject: toFlatObject,\n  kindOf: kindOf,\n  kindOfTest: kindOfTest,\n  endsWith: endsWith,\n  toArray: toArray,\n  forEachEntry: forEachEntry,\n  matchAll: matchAll,\n  isHTMLForm: isHTMLForm,\n  hasOwnProperty: hasOwnProperty,\n  hasOwnProp: hasOwnProperty,\n  // an alias to avoid ESLint no-prototype-builtins detection\n  reduceDescriptors: reduceDescriptors,\n  freezeMethods: freezeMethods,\n  toObjectSet: toObjectSet,\n  toCamelCase: toCamelCase,\n  noop: noop,\n  toFiniteNumber: toFiniteNumber,\n  findKey: findKey,\n  global: _global,\n  isContextDefined: isContextDefined,\n  toJSONObject: toJSONObject\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * Create an Error with the specified message, config, error code, request and response.\n *\n * @param {string} message The error message.\n * @param {string} [code] The error code (for example, 'ECONNABORTED').\n * @param {Object} [config] The config.\n * @param {Object} [request] The request.\n * @param {Object} [response] The response.\n *\n * @returns {Error} The created error.\n */\nfunction AxiosError(message, code, config, request, response) {\n  Error.call(this);\n  if (Error.captureStackTrace) {\n    Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n  } else {\n    this.stack = new Error().stack;\n  }\n  this.message = message;\n  this.name = 'AxiosError';\n  code && (this.code = code);\n  config && (this.config = config);\n  request && (this.request = request);\n  response && (this.response = response);\n}\nutils.inherits(AxiosError, Error, {\n  toJSON: function toJSON() {\n    return {\n      // Standard\n      message: this.message,\n      name: this.name,\n      // Microsoft\n      description: this.description,\n      number: this.number,\n      // Mozilla\n      fileName: this.fileName,\n      lineNumber: this.lineNumber,\n      columnNumber: this.columnNumber,\n      stack: this.stack,\n      // Axios\n      config: utils.toJSONObject(this.config),\n      code: this.code,\n      status: this.response && this.response.status ? this.response.status : null\n    };\n  }\n});\nvar prototype = AxiosError.prototype;\nvar descriptors = {};\n['ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE', 'ERR_BAD_OPTION', 'ECONNABORTED', 'ETIMEDOUT', 'ERR_NETWORK', 'ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS', 'ERR_DEPRECATED', 'ERR_BAD_RESPONSE', 'ERR_BAD_REQUEST', 'ERR_CANCELED', 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT', 'ERR_INVALID_URL'\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n].forEach(function (code) {\n  descriptors[code] = {\n    value: code\n  };\n});\nObject.defineProperties(AxiosError, descriptors);\nObject.defineProperty(prototype, 'isAxiosError', {\n  value: true\n});\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\nAxiosError.from = function (error, code, config, request, response, customProps) {\n  var axiosError = Object.create(prototype);\n  utils.toFlatObject(error, axiosError, function filter(obj) {\n    return obj !== Error.prototype;\n  }, function (prop) {\n    return prop !== 'isAxiosError';\n  });\n  AxiosError.call(axiosError, error.message, code, config, request, response);\n  axiosError.cause = error;\n  axiosError.name = error.name;\n  customProps && Object.assign(axiosError, customProps);\n  return axiosError;\n};\nexport default AxiosError;","import FormData from 'form-data';\nexport default FormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport envFormData from '../env/classes/FormData.js';\n\n/**\n * Determines if the given thing is a array or js object.\n *\n * @param {string} thing - The object or array to be visited.\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isVisitable(thing) {\n  return utils.isPlainObject(thing) || utils.isArray(thing);\n}\n\n/**\n * It removes the brackets from the end of a string\n *\n * @param {string} key - The key of the parameter.\n *\n * @returns {string} the key without the brackets.\n */\nfunction removeBrackets(key) {\n  return utils.endsWith(key, '[]') ? key.slice(0, -2) : key;\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a path, a key, and a boolean, and returns a string\n *\n * @param {string} path - The path to the current key.\n * @param {string} key - The key of the current object being iterated over.\n * @param {string} dots - If true, the key will be rendered with dots instead of brackets.\n *\n * @returns {string} The path to the current key.\n */\nfunction renderKey(path, key, dots) {\n  if (!path) return key;\n  return path.concat(key).map(function each(token, i) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n    token = removeBrackets(token);\n    return !dots && i ? '[' + token + ']' : token;\n  }).join(dots ? '.' : '');\n}\n\n/**\n * If the array is an array and none of its elements are visitable, then it's a flat array.\n *\n * @param {Array<any>} arr - The array to check\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isFlatArray(arr) {\n  return utils.isArray(arr) && !arr.some(isVisitable);\n}\nvar predicates = utils.toFlatObject(utils, {}, null, function filter(prop) {\n  return /^is[A-Z]/.test(prop);\n});\n\n/**\n * If the thing is a FormData object, return true, otherwise return false.\n *\n * @param {unknown} thing - The thing to check.\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nfunction isSpecCompliant(thing) {\n  return thing && utils.isFunction(thing.append) && thing[Symbol.toStringTag] === 'FormData' && thing[Symbol.iterator];\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert a data object to FormData\n *\n * @param {Object} obj\n * @param {?Object} [formData]\n * @param {?Object} [options]\n * @param {Function} [options.visitor]\n * @param {Boolean} [options.metaTokens = true]\n * @param {Boolean} [options.dots = false]\n * @param {?Boolean} [options.indexes = false]\n *\n * @returns {Object}\n **/\n\n/**\n * It converts an object into a FormData object\n *\n * @param {Object<any, any>} obj - The object to convert to form data.\n * @param {string} formData - The FormData object to append to.\n * @param {Object<string, any>} options\n *\n * @returns\n */\nfunction toFormData(obj, formData, options) {\n  if (!utils.isObject(obj)) {\n    throw new TypeError('target must be an object');\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  formData = formData || new (envFormData || FormData)();\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  options = utils.toFlatObject(options, {\n    metaTokens: true,\n    dots: false,\n    indexes: false\n  }, false, function defined(option, source) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n    return !utils.isUndefined(source[option]);\n  });\n  var metaTokens = options.metaTokens;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define\n  var visitor = options.visitor || defaultVisitor;\n  var dots = options.dots;\n  var indexes = options.indexes;\n  var _Blob = options.Blob || typeof Blob !== 'undefined' && Blob;\n  var useBlob = _Blob && isSpecCompliant(formData);\n  if (!utils.isFunction(visitor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('visitor must be a function');\n  }\n  function convertValue(value) {\n    if (value === null) return '';\n    if (utils.isDate(value)) {\n      return value.toISOString();\n    }\n    if (!useBlob && utils.isBlob(value)) {\n      throw new AxiosError('Blob is not supported. Use a Buffer instead.');\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBuffer(value) || utils.isTypedArray(value)) {\n      return useBlob && typeof Blob === 'function' ? new Blob([value]) : Buffer.from(value);\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Default visitor.\n   *\n   * @param {*} value\n   * @param {String|Number} key\n   * @param {Array<String|Number>} path\n   * @this {FormData}\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean} return true to visit the each prop of the value recursively\n   */\n  function defaultVisitor(value, key, path) {\n    var arr = value;\n    if (value && !path && typeof value === 'object') {\n      if (utils.endsWith(key, '{}')) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        key = metaTokens ? key : key.slice(0, -2);\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        value = JSON.stringify(value);\n      } else if (utils.isArray(value) && isFlatArray(value) || utils.isFileList(value) || utils.endsWith(key, '[]') && (arr = utils.toArray(value))) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n        key = removeBrackets(key);\n        arr.forEach(function each(el, index) {\n          !(utils.isUndefined(el) || el === null) && formData.append(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\n          indexes === true ? renderKey([key], index, dots) : indexes === null ? key : key + '[]', convertValue(el));\n        });\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n    if (isVisitable(value)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n    formData.append(renderKey(path, key, dots), convertValue(value));\n    return false;\n  }\n  var stack = [];\n  var exposedHelpers = Object.assign(predicates, {\n    defaultVisitor: defaultVisitor,\n    convertValue: convertValue,\n    isVisitable: isVisitable\n  });\n  function build(value, path) {\n    if (utils.isUndefined(value)) return;\n    if (stack.indexOf(value) !== -1) {\n      throw Error('Circular reference detected in ' + path.join('.'));\n    }\n    stack.push(value);\n    utils.forEach(value, function each(el, key) {\n      var result = !(utils.isUndefined(el) || el === null) && visitor.call(formData, el, utils.isString(key) ? key.trim() : key, path, exposedHelpers);\n      if (result === true) {\n        build(el, path ? path.concat(key) : [key]);\n      }\n    });\n    stack.pop();\n  }\n  if (!utils.isObject(obj)) {\n    throw new TypeError('data must be an object');\n  }\n  build(obj);\n  return formData;\n}\nexport default toFormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport toFormData from './toFormData.js';\n\n/**\n * It encodes a string by replacing all characters that are not in the unreserved set with\n * their percent-encoded equivalents\n *\n * @param {string} str - The string to encode.\n *\n * @returns {string} The encoded string.\n */\nfunction encode(str) {\n  var charMap = {\n    '!': '%21',\n    \"'\": '%27',\n    '(': '%28',\n    ')': '%29',\n    '~': '%7E',\n    '%20': '+',\n    '%00': '\\x00'\n  };\n  return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()~]|%20|%00/g, function replacer(match) {\n    return charMap[match];\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a params object and converts it to a FormData object\n *\n * @param {Object<string, any>} params - The parameters to be converted to a FormData object.\n * @param {Object<string, any>} options - The options object passed to the Axios constructor.\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nfunction AxiosURLSearchParams(params, options) {\n  this._pairs = [];\n  params && toFormData(params, this, options);\n}\nvar prototype = AxiosURLSearchParams.prototype;\nprototype.append = function append(name, value) {\n  this._pairs.push([name, value]);\n};\nprototype.toString = function toString(encoder) {\n  var _encode = encoder ? function (value) {\n    return encoder.call(this, value, encode);\n  } : encode;\n  return this._pairs.map(function each(pair) {\n    return _encode(pair[0]) + '=' + _encode(pair[1]);\n  }, '').join('&');\n};\nexport default AxiosURLSearchParams;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosURLSearchParams from '../helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js';\n\n/**\n * It replaces all instances of the characters `:`, `$`, `,`, `+`, `[`, and `]` with their\n * URI encoded counterparts\n *\n * @param {string} val The value to be encoded.\n *\n * @returns {string} The encoded value.\n */\nfunction encode(val) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(val).replace(/%3A/gi, ':').replace(/%24/g, '$').replace(/%2C/gi, ',').replace(/%20/g, '+').replace(/%5B/gi, '[').replace(/%5D/gi, ']');\n}\n\n/**\n * Build a URL by appending params to the end\n *\n * @param {string} url The base of the url (e.g., http://www.google.com)\n * @param {object} [params] The params to be appended\n * @param {?object} options\n *\n * @returns {string} The formatted url\n */\nexport default function buildURL(url, params, options) {\n  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n  if (!params) {\n    return url;\n  }\n  var _encode = options && options.encode || encode;\n  var serializeFn = options && options.serialize;\n  var serializedParams;\n  if (serializeFn) {\n    serializedParams = serializeFn(params, options);\n  } else {\n    serializedParams = utils.isURLSearchParams(params) ? params.toString() : new AxiosURLSearchParams(params, options).toString(_encode);\n  }\n  if (serializedParams) {\n    var hashmarkIndex = url.indexOf(\"#\");\n    if (hashmarkIndex !== -1) {\n      url = url.slice(0, hashmarkIndex);\n    }\n    url += (url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') + serializedParams;\n  }\n  return url;\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nvar InterceptorManager = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function InterceptorManager() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, InterceptorManager);\n    this.handlers = [];\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add a new interceptor to the stack\n   *\n   * @param {Function} fulfilled The function to handle `then` for a `Promise`\n   * @param {Function} rejected The function to handle `reject` for a `Promise`\n   *\n   * @return {Number} An ID used to remove interceptor later\n   */\n  _createClass(InterceptorManager, [{\n    key: \"use\",\n    value: function use(fulfilled, rejected, options) {\n      this.handlers.push({\n        fulfilled: fulfilled,\n        rejected: rejected,\n        synchronous: options ? options.synchronous : false,\n        runWhen: options ? options.runWhen : null\n      });\n      return this.handlers.length - 1;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Remove an interceptor from the stack\n     *\n     * @param {Number} id The ID that was returned by `use`\n     *\n     * @returns {Boolean} `true` if the interceptor was removed, `false` otherwise\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"eject\",\n    value: function eject(id) {\n      if (this.handlers[id]) {\n        this.handlers[id] = null;\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Clear all interceptors from the stack\n     *\n     * @returns {void}\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"clear\",\n    value: function clear() {\n      if (this.handlers) {\n        this.handlers = [];\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Iterate over all the registered interceptors\n     *\n     * This method is particularly useful for skipping over any\n     * interceptors that may have become `null` calling `eject`.\n     *\n     * @param {Function} fn The function to call for each interceptor\n     *\n     * @returns {void}\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"forEach\",\n    value: function forEach(fn) {\n      utils.forEach(this.handlers, function forEachHandler(h) {\n        if (h !== null) {\n          fn(h);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return InterceptorManager;\n}();\nexport default InterceptorManager;","import URLSearchParams from './classes/URLSearchParams.js';\nimport FormData from './classes/FormData.js';\n\n/**\n * Determine if we're running in a standard browser environment\n *\n * This allows axios to run in a web worker, and react-native.\n * Both environments support XMLHttpRequest, but not fully standard globals.\n *\n * web workers:\n *  typeof window -> undefined\n *  typeof document -> undefined\n *\n * react-native:\n *  navigator.product -> 'ReactNative'\n * nativescript\n *  navigator.product -> 'NativeScript' or 'NS'\n *\n * @returns {boolean}\n */\nvar isStandardBrowserEnv = function () {\n  var product;\n  if (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && ((product = navigator.product) === 'ReactNative' || product === 'NativeScript' || product === 'NS')) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined';\n}();\nexport default {\n  isBrowser: true,\n  classes: {\n    URLSearchParams: URLSearchParams,\n    FormData: FormData,\n    Blob: Blob\n  },\n  isStandardBrowserEnv: isStandardBrowserEnv,\n  protocols: ['http', 'https', 'file', 'blob', 'url', 'data']\n};","'use strict';\n\nexport default {\n  silentJSONParsing: true,\n  forcedJSONParsing: true,\n  clarifyTimeoutError: false\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosURLSearchParams from '../../../helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js';\nexport default typeof URLSearchParams !== 'undefined' ? URLSearchParams : AxiosURLSearchParams;","'use strict';\n\nexport default FormData;","'use strict';\n\nimport \"core-js/modules/esnext.string.match-all.js\";\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * It takes a string like `foo[x][y][z]` and returns an array like `['foo', 'x', 'y', 'z']\n *\n * @param {string} name - The name of the property to get.\n *\n * @returns An array of strings.\n */\nfunction parsePropPath(name) {\n  // foo[x][y][z]\n  // foo.x.y.z\n  // foo-x-y-z\n  // foo x y z\n  return utils.matchAll(/\\w+|\\[(\\w*)]/g, name).map(function (match) {\n    return match[0] === '[]' ? '' : match[1] || match[0];\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * Convert an array to an object.\n *\n * @param {Array<any>} arr - The array to convert to an object.\n *\n * @returns An object with the same keys and values as the array.\n */\nfunction arrayToObject(arr) {\n  var obj = {};\n  var keys = Object.keys(arr);\n  var i;\n  var len = keys.length;\n  var key;\n  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    key = keys[i];\n    obj[key] = arr[key];\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * It takes a FormData object and returns a JavaScript object\n *\n * @param {string} formData The FormData object to convert to JSON.\n *\n * @returns {Object<string, any> | null} The converted object.\n */\nfunction formDataToJSON(formData) {\n  function buildPath(path, value, target, index) {\n    var name = path[index++];\n    var isNumericKey = Number.isFinite(+name);\n    var isLast = index >= path.length;\n    name = !name && utils.isArray(target) ? target.length : name;\n    if (isLast) {\n      if (utils.hasOwnProp(target, name)) {\n        target[name] = [target[name], value];\n      } else {\n        target[name] = value;\n      }\n      return !isNumericKey;\n    }\n    if (!target[name] || !utils.isObject(target[name])) {\n      target[name] = [];\n    }\n    var result = buildPath(path, value, target[name], index);\n    if (result && utils.isArray(target[name])) {\n      target[name] = arrayToObject(target[name]);\n    }\n    return !isNumericKey;\n  }\n  if (utils.isFormData(formData) && utils.isFunction(formData.entries)) {\n    var obj = {};\n    utils.forEachEntry(formData, function (name, value) {\n      buildPath(parsePropPath(name), value, obj, 0);\n    });\n    return obj;\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nexport default formDataToJSON;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport transitionalDefaults from './transitional.js';\nimport toFormData from '../helpers/toFormData.js';\nimport toURLEncodedForm from '../helpers/toURLEncodedForm.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nimport formDataToJSON from '../helpers/formDataToJSON.js';\nvar DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = {\n  'Content-Type': undefined\n};\n\n/**\n * It takes a string, tries to parse it, and if it fails, it returns the stringified version\n * of the input\n *\n * @param {any} rawValue - The value to be stringified.\n * @param {Function} parser - A function that parses a string into a JavaScript object.\n * @param {Function} encoder - A function that takes a value and returns a string.\n *\n * @returns {string} A stringified version of the rawValue.\n */\nfunction stringifySafely(rawValue, parser, encoder) {\n  if (utils.isString(rawValue)) {\n    try {\n      (parser || JSON.parse)(rawValue);\n      return utils.trim(rawValue);\n    } catch (e) {\n      if (e.name !== 'SyntaxError') {\n        throw e;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return (encoder || JSON.stringify)(rawValue);\n}\nvar defaults = {\n  transitional: transitionalDefaults,\n  adapter: ['xhr', 'http'],\n  transformRequest: [function transformRequest(data, headers) {\n    var contentType = headers.getContentType() || '';\n    var hasJSONContentType = contentType.indexOf('application/json') > -1;\n    var isObjectPayload = utils.isObject(data);\n    if (isObjectPayload && utils.isHTMLForm(data)) {\n      data = new FormData(data);\n    }\n    var isFormData = utils.isFormData(data);\n    if (isFormData) {\n      if (!hasJSONContentType) {\n        return data;\n      }\n      return hasJSONContentType ? JSON.stringify(formDataToJSON(data)) : data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBuffer(data) || utils.isBuffer(data) || utils.isStream(data) || utils.isFile(data) || utils.isBlob(data)) {\n      return data;\n    }\n    if (utils.isArrayBufferView(data)) {\n      return data.buffer;\n    }\n    if (utils.isURLSearchParams(data)) {\n      headers.setContentType('application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8', false);\n      return data.toString();\n    }\n    var isFileList;\n    if (isObjectPayload) {\n      if (contentType.indexOf('application/x-www-form-urlencoded') > -1) {\n        return toURLEncodedForm(data, this.formSerializer).toString();\n      }\n      if ((isFileList = utils.isFileList(data)) || contentType.indexOf('multipart/form-data') > -1) {\n        var _FormData = this.env && this.env.FormData;\n        return toFormData(isFileList ? {\n          'files[]': data\n        } : data, _FormData && new _FormData(), this.formSerializer);\n      }\n    }\n    if (isObjectPayload || hasJSONContentType) {\n      headers.setContentType('application/json', false);\n      return stringifySafely(data);\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n  transformResponse: [function transformResponse(data) {\n    var transitional = this.transitional || defaults.transitional;\n    var forcedJSONParsing = transitional && transitional.forcedJSONParsing;\n    var JSONRequested = this.responseType === 'json';\n    if (data && utils.isString(data) && (forcedJSONParsing && !this.responseType || JSONRequested)) {\n      var silentJSONParsing = transitional && transitional.silentJSONParsing;\n      var strictJSONParsing = !silentJSONParsing && JSONRequested;\n      try {\n        return JSON.parse(data);\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (strictJSONParsing) {\n          if (e.name === 'SyntaxError') {\n            throw AxiosError.from(e, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, this, null, this.response);\n          }\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return data;\n  }],\n  /**\n   * A timeout in milliseconds to abort a request. If set to 0 (default) a\n   * timeout is not created.\n   */\n  timeout: 0,\n  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',\n  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN',\n  maxContentLength: -1,\n  maxBodyLength: -1,\n  env: {\n    FormData: platform.classes.FormData,\n    Blob: platform.classes.Blob\n  },\n  validateStatus: function validateStatus(status) {\n    return status >= 200 && status < 300;\n  },\n  headers: {\n    common: {\n      'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'\n    }\n  }\n};\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = {};\n});\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  defaults.headers[method] = utils.merge(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);\n});\nexport default defaults;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport toFormData from './toFormData.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default function toURLEncodedForm(data, options) {\n  return toFormData(data, new platform.classes.URLSearchParams(), Object.assign({\n    visitor: function visitor(value, key, path, helpers) {\n      if (platform.isNode && utils.isBuffer(value)) {\n        this.append(key, value.toString('base64'));\n        return false;\n      }\n      return helpers.defaultVisitor.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n  }, options));\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\n\n// RawAxiosHeaders whose duplicates are ignored by node\n// c.f. https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_message_headers\nvar ignoreDuplicateOf = utils.toObjectSet(['age', 'authorization', 'content-length', 'content-type', 'etag', 'expires', 'from', 'host', 'if-modified-since', 'if-unmodified-since', 'last-modified', 'location', 'max-forwards', 'proxy-authorization', 'referer', 'retry-after', 'user-agent']);\n\n/**\n * Parse headers into an object\n *\n * ```\n * Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 08:58:49 GMT\n * Content-Type: application/json\n * Connection: keep-alive\n * Transfer-Encoding: chunked\n * ```\n *\n * @param {String} rawHeaders Headers needing to be parsed\n *\n * @returns {Object} Headers parsed into an object\n */\nexport default (function (rawHeaders) {\n  var parsed = {};\n  var key;\n  var val;\n  var i;\n  rawHeaders && rawHeaders.split('\\n').forEach(function parser(line) {\n    i = line.indexOf(':');\n    key = line.substring(0, i).trim().toLowerCase();\n    val = line.substring(i + 1).trim();\n    if (!key || parsed[key] && ignoreDuplicateOf[key]) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (key === 'set-cookie') {\n      if (parsed[key]) {\n        parsed[key].push(val);\n      } else {\n        parsed[key] = [val];\n      }\n    } else {\n      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;\n    }\n  });\n  return parsed;\n});","'use strict';\n\nimport _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport parseHeaders from '../helpers/parseHeaders.js';\nvar $internals = Symbol('internals');\nfunction normalizeHeader(header) {\n  return header && String(header).trim().toLowerCase();\n}\nfunction normalizeValue(value) {\n  if (value === false || value == null) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return utils.isArray(value) ? value.map(normalizeValue) : String(value);\n}\nfunction parseTokens(str) {\n  var tokens = Object.create(null);\n  var tokensRE = /([^\\s,;=]+)\\s*(?:=\\s*([^,;]+))?/g;\n  var match;\n  while (match = tokensRE.exec(str)) {\n    tokens[match[1]] = match[2];\n  }\n  return tokens;\n}\nfunction isValidHeaderName(str) {\n  return /^[-_a-zA-Z]+$/.test(str.trim());\n}\nfunction matchHeaderValue(context, value, header, filter) {\n  if (utils.isFunction(filter)) {\n    return filter.call(this, value, header);\n  }\n  if (!utils.isString(value)) return;\n  if (utils.isString(filter)) {\n    return value.indexOf(filter) !== -1;\n  }\n  if (utils.isRegExp(filter)) {\n    return filter.test(value);\n  }\n}\nfunction formatHeader(header) {\n  return header.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/([a-z\\d])(\\w*)/g, function (w, char, str) {\n    return char.toUpperCase() + str;\n  });\n}\nfunction buildAccessors(obj, header) {\n  var accessorName = utils.toCamelCase(' ' + header);\n  ['get', 'set', 'has'].forEach(function (methodName) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, methodName + accessorName, {\n      value: function value(arg1, arg2, arg3) {\n        return this[methodName].call(this, header, arg1, arg2, arg3);\n      },\n      configurable: true\n    });\n  });\n}\nvar AxiosHeaders = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Symbol$iterator, _Symbol$toStringTag) {\n  function AxiosHeaders(headers) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, AxiosHeaders);\n    headers && this.set(headers);\n  }\n  _createClass(AxiosHeaders, [{\n    key: \"set\",\n    value: function set(header, valueOrRewrite, rewrite) {\n      var self = this;\n      function setHeader(_value, _header, _rewrite) {\n        var lHeader = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (!lHeader) {\n          throw new Error('header name must be a non-empty string');\n        }\n        var key = utils.findKey(self, lHeader);\n        if (!key || self[key] === undefined || _rewrite === true || _rewrite === undefined && self[key] !== false) {\n          self[key || _header] = normalizeValue(_value);\n        }\n      }\n      var setHeaders = function setHeaders(headers, _rewrite) {\n        return utils.forEach(headers, function (_value, _header) {\n          return setHeader(_value, _header, _rewrite);\n        });\n      };\n      if (utils.isPlainObject(header) || header instanceof this.constructor) {\n        setHeaders(header, valueOrRewrite);\n      } else if (utils.isString(header) && (header = header.trim()) && !isValidHeaderName(header)) {\n        setHeaders(parseHeaders(header), valueOrRewrite);\n      } else {\n        header != null && setHeader(valueOrRewrite, header, rewrite);\n      }\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"get\",\n    value: function get(header, parser) {\n      header = normalizeHeader(header);\n      if (header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(this, header);\n        if (key) {\n          var value = this[key];\n          if (!parser) {\n            return value;\n          }\n          if (parser === true) {\n            return parseTokens(value);\n          }\n          if (utils.isFunction(parser)) {\n            return parser.call(this, value, key);\n          }\n          if (utils.isRegExp(parser)) {\n            return parser.exec(value);\n          }\n          throw new TypeError('parser must be boolean|regexp|function');\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"has\",\n    value: function has(header, matcher) {\n      header = normalizeHeader(header);\n      if (header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(this, header);\n        return !!(key && (!matcher || matchHeaderValue(this, this[key], key, matcher)));\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"delete\",\n    value: function _delete(header, matcher) {\n      var self = this;\n      var deleted = false;\n      function deleteHeader(_header) {\n        _header = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (_header) {\n          var key = utils.findKey(self, _header);\n          if (key && (!matcher || matchHeaderValue(self, self[key], key, matcher))) {\n            delete self[key];\n            deleted = true;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      if (utils.isArray(header)) {\n        header.forEach(deleteHeader);\n      } else {\n        deleteHeader(header);\n      }\n      return deleted;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"clear\",\n    value: function clear() {\n      return Object.keys(this).forEach(this.delete.bind(this));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"normalize\",\n    value: function normalize(format) {\n      var self = this;\n      var headers = {};\n      utils.forEach(this, function (value, header) {\n        var key = utils.findKey(headers, header);\n        if (key) {\n          self[key] = normalizeValue(value);\n          delete self[header];\n          return;\n        }\n        var normalized = format ? formatHeader(header) : String(header).trim();\n        if (normalized !== header) {\n          delete self[header];\n        }\n        self[normalized] = normalizeValue(value);\n        headers[normalized] = true;\n      });\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"concat\",\n    value: function concat() {\n      var _this$constructor;\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, targets = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        targets[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      return (_this$constructor = this.constructor).concat.apply(_this$constructor, [this].concat(targets));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON(asStrings) {\n      var obj = Object.create(null);\n      utils.forEach(this, function (value, header) {\n        value != null && value !== false && (obj[header] = asStrings && utils.isArray(value) ? value.join(', ') : value);\n      });\n      return obj;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: _Symbol$iterator,\n    value: function value() {\n      return Object.entries(this.toJSON())[Symbol.iterator]();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toString\",\n    value: function toString() {\n      return Object.entries(this.toJSON()).map(function (_ref) {\n        var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n          header = _ref2[0],\n          value = _ref2[1];\n        return header + ': ' + value;\n      }).join('\\n');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: _Symbol$toStringTag,\n    get: function get() {\n      return 'AxiosHeaders';\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"from\",\n    value: function from(thing) {\n      return thing instanceof this ? thing : new this(thing);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"concat\",\n    value: function concat(first) {\n      var computed = new this(first);\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, targets = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        targets[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      targets.forEach(function (target) {\n        return computed.set(target);\n      });\n      return computed;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"accessor\",\n    value: function accessor(header) {\n      var internals = this[$internals] = this[$internals] = {\n        accessors: {}\n      };\n      var accessors = internals.accessors;\n      var prototype = this.prototype;\n      function defineAccessor(_header) {\n        var lHeader = normalizeHeader(_header);\n        if (!accessors[lHeader]) {\n          buildAccessors(prototype, _header);\n          accessors[lHeader] = true;\n        }\n      }\n      utils.isArray(header) ? header.forEach(defineAccessor) : defineAccessor(header);\n      return this;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return AxiosHeaders;\n}(Symbol.iterator, Symbol.toStringTag);\nAxiosHeaders.accessor(['Content-Type', 'Content-Length', 'Accept', 'Accept-Encoding', 'User-Agent']);\nutils.freezeMethods(AxiosHeaders.prototype);\nutils.freezeMethods(AxiosHeaders);\nexport default AxiosHeaders;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport defaults from '../defaults/index.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\n\n/**\n * Transform the data for a request or a response\n *\n * @param {Array|Function} fns A single function or Array of functions\n * @param {?Object} response The response object\n *\n * @returns {*} The resulting transformed data\n */\nexport default function transformData(fns, response) {\n  var config = this || defaults;\n  var context = response || config;\n  var headers = AxiosHeaders.from(context.headers);\n  var data = context.data;\n  utils.forEach(fns, function transform(fn) {\n    data = fn.call(config, data, headers.normalize(), response ? response.status : undefined);\n  });\n  headers.normalize();\n  return data;\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function isCancel(value) {\n  return !!(value && value.__CANCEL__);\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * A `CanceledError` is an object that is thrown when an operation is canceled.\n *\n * @param {string=} message The message.\n * @param {Object=} config The config.\n * @param {Object=} request The request.\n *\n * @returns {CanceledError} The created error.\n */\nfunction CanceledError(message, config, request) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-eq-null,eqeqeq\n  AxiosError.call(this, message == null ? 'canceled' : message, AxiosError.ERR_CANCELED, config, request);\n  this.name = 'CanceledError';\n}\nutils.inherits(CanceledError, AxiosError, {\n  __CANCEL__: true\n});\nexport default CanceledError;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default platform.isStandardBrowserEnv ?\n// Standard browser envs support document.cookie\nfunction standardBrowserEnv() {\n  return {\n    write: function write(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) {\n      var cookie = [];\n      cookie.push(name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));\n      if (utils.isNumber(expires)) {\n        cookie.push('expires=' + new Date(expires).toGMTString());\n      }\n      if (utils.isString(path)) {\n        cookie.push('path=' + path);\n      }\n      if (utils.isString(domain)) {\n        cookie.push('domain=' + domain);\n      }\n      if (secure === true) {\n        cookie.push('secure');\n      }\n      document.cookie = cookie.join('; ');\n    },\n    read: function read(name) {\n      var match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp('(^|;\\\\s*)(' + name + ')=([^;]*)'));\n      return match ? decodeURIComponent(match[3]) : null;\n    },\n    remove: function remove(name) {\n      this.write(name, '', Date.now() - 86400000);\n    }\n  };\n}() :\n// Non standard browser env (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\nfunction nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  return {\n    write: function write() {},\n    read: function read() {\n      return null;\n    },\n    remove: function remove() {}\n  };\n}();","'use strict';\n\nimport isAbsoluteURL from '../helpers/isAbsoluteURL.js';\nimport combineURLs from '../helpers/combineURLs.js';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,\n * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.\n * If the requestURL is absolute, this function returns the requestedURL untouched.\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} requestedURL Absolute or relative URL to combine\n *\n * @returns {string} The combined full path\n */\nexport default function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL) {\n  if (baseURL && !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL)) {\n    return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);\n  }\n  return requestedURL;\n}","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the specified URL is absolute\n *\n * @param {string} url The URL to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the specified URL is absolute, otherwise false\n */\nexport default function isAbsoluteURL(url) {\n  // A URL is considered absolute if it begins with \"<scheme>://\" or \"//\" (protocol-relative URL).\n  // RFC 3986 defines scheme name as a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed\n  // by any combination of letters, digits, plus, period, or hyphen.\n  return /^([a-z][a-z\\d+\\-.]*:)?\\/\\//i.test(url);\n}","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Creates a new URL by combining the specified URLs\n *\n * @param {string} baseURL The base URL\n * @param {string} relativeURL The relative URL\n *\n * @returns {string} The combined URL\n */\nexport default function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {\n  return relativeURL ? baseURL.replace(/\\/+$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\\/+/, '') : baseURL;\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nexport default platform.isStandardBrowserEnv ?\n// Standard browser envs have full support of the APIs needed to test\n// whether the request URL is of the same origin as current location.\nfunction standardBrowserEnv() {\n  var msie = /(msie|trident)/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n  var urlParsingNode = document.createElement('a');\n  var originURL;\n\n  /**\n  * Parse a URL to discover it's components\n  *\n  * @param {String} url The URL to be parsed\n  * @returns {Object}\n  */\n  function resolveURL(url) {\n    var href = url;\n    if (msie) {\n      // IE needs attribute set twice to normalize properties\n      urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n      href = urlParsingNode.href;\n    }\n    urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);\n\n    // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils\n    return {\n      href: urlParsingNode.href,\n      protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',\n      host: urlParsingNode.host,\n      search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\\?/, '') : '',\n      hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',\n      hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,\n      port: urlParsingNode.port,\n      pathname: urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ? urlParsingNode.pathname : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname\n    };\n  }\n  originURL = resolveURL(window.location.href);\n\n  /**\n  * Determine if a URL shares the same origin as the current location\n  *\n  * @param {String} requestURL The URL to test\n  * @returns {boolean} True if URL shares the same origin, otherwise false\n  */\n  return function isURLSameOrigin(requestURL) {\n    var parsed = utils.isString(requestURL) ? resolveURL(requestURL) : requestURL;\n    return parsed.protocol === originURL.protocol && parsed.host === originURL.host;\n  };\n}() :\n// Non standard browser envs (web workers, react-native) lack needed support.\nfunction nonStandardBrowserEnv() {\n  return function isURLSameOrigin() {\n    return true;\n  };\n}();","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Calculate data maxRate\n * @param {Number} [samplesCount= 10]\n * @param {Number} [min= 1000]\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nfunction speedometer(samplesCount, min) {\n  samplesCount = samplesCount || 10;\n  var bytes = new Array(samplesCount);\n  var timestamps = new Array(samplesCount);\n  var head = 0;\n  var tail = 0;\n  var firstSampleTS;\n  min = min !== undefined ? min : 1000;\n  return function push(chunkLength) {\n    var now = Date.now();\n    var startedAt = timestamps[tail];\n    if (!firstSampleTS) {\n      firstSampleTS = now;\n    }\n    bytes[head] = chunkLength;\n    timestamps[head] = now;\n    var i = tail;\n    var bytesCount = 0;\n    while (i !== head) {\n      bytesCount += bytes[i++];\n      i = i % samplesCount;\n    }\n    head = (head + 1) % samplesCount;\n    if (head === tail) {\n      tail = (tail + 1) % samplesCount;\n    }\n    if (now - firstSampleTS < min) {\n      return;\n    }\n    var passed = startedAt && now - startedAt;\n    return passed ? Math.round(bytesCount * 1000 / passed) : undefined;\n  };\n}\nexport default speedometer;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport settle from './../core/settle.js';\nimport cookies from './../helpers/cookies.js';\nimport buildURL from './../helpers/buildURL.js';\nimport buildFullPath from '../core/buildFullPath.js';\nimport isURLSameOrigin from './../helpers/isURLSameOrigin.js';\nimport transitionalDefaults from '../defaults/transitional.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nimport CanceledError from '../cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport parseProtocol from '../helpers/parseProtocol.js';\nimport platform from '../platform/index.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\nimport speedometer from '../helpers/speedometer.js';\nfunction progressEventReducer(listener, isDownloadStream) {\n  var bytesNotified = 0;\n  var _speedometer = speedometer(50, 250);\n  return function (e) {\n    var loaded = e.loaded;\n    var total = e.lengthComputable ? e.total : undefined;\n    var progressBytes = loaded - bytesNotified;\n    var rate = _speedometer(progressBytes);\n    var inRange = loaded <= total;\n    bytesNotified = loaded;\n    var data = {\n      loaded: loaded,\n      total: total,\n      progress: total ? loaded / total : undefined,\n      bytes: progressBytes,\n      rate: rate ? rate : undefined,\n      estimated: rate && total && inRange ? (total - loaded) / rate : undefined,\n      event: e\n    };\n    data[isDownloadStream ? 'download' : 'upload'] = true;\n    listener(data);\n  };\n}\nvar isXHRAdapterSupported = typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined';\nexport default isXHRAdapterSupported && function (config) {\n  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {\n    var requestData = config.data;\n    var requestHeaders = AxiosHeaders.from(config.headers).normalize();\n    var responseType = config.responseType;\n    var onCanceled;\n    function done() {\n      if (config.cancelToken) {\n        config.cancelToken.unsubscribe(onCanceled);\n      }\n      if (config.signal) {\n        config.signal.removeEventListener('abort', onCanceled);\n      }\n    }\n    if (utils.isFormData(requestData) && platform.isStandardBrowserEnv) {\n      requestHeaders.setContentType(false); // Let the browser set it\n    }\n\n    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();\n\n    // HTTP basic authentication\n    if (config.auth) {\n      var username = config.auth.username || '';\n      var password = config.auth.password ? unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) : '';\n      requestHeaders.set('Authorization', 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password));\n    }\n    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);\n\n    // Set the request timeout in MS\n    request.timeout = config.timeout;\n    function onloadend() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n      // Prepare the response\n      var responseHeaders = AxiosHeaders.from('getAllResponseHeaders' in request && request.getAllResponseHeaders());\n      var responseData = !responseType || responseType === 'text' || responseType === 'json' ? request.responseText : request.response;\n      var response = {\n        data: responseData,\n        status: request.status,\n        statusText: request.statusText,\n        headers: responseHeaders,\n        config: config,\n        request: request\n      };\n      settle(function _resolve(value) {\n        resolve(value);\n        done();\n      }, function _reject(err) {\n        reject(err);\n        done();\n      }, response);\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    }\n    if ('onloadend' in request) {\n      // Use onloadend if available\n      request.onloadend = onloadend;\n    } else {\n      // Listen for ready state to emulate onloadend\n      request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {\n        if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be\n        // handled by onerror instead\n        // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers\n        // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request\n        if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {\n          return;\n        }\n        // readystate handler is calling before onerror or ontimeout handlers,\n        // so we should call onloadend on the next 'tick'\n        setTimeout(onloadend);\n      };\n    }\n\n    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)\n    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {\n      if (!request) {\n        return;\n      }\n      reject(new AxiosError('Request aborted', AxiosError.ECONNABORTED, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle low level network errors\n    request.onerror = function handleError() {\n      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser\n      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error\n      reject(new AxiosError('Network Error', AxiosError.ERR_NETWORK, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Handle timeout\n    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {\n      var timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeout ? 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded' : 'timeout exceeded';\n      var transitional = config.transitional || transitionalDefaults;\n      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {\n        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;\n      }\n      reject(new AxiosError(timeoutErrorMessage, transitional.clarifyTimeoutError ? AxiosError.ETIMEDOUT : AxiosError.ECONNABORTED, config, request));\n\n      // Clean up request\n      request = null;\n    };\n\n    // Add xsrf header\n    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.\n    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.\n    if (platform.isStandardBrowserEnv) {\n      // Add xsrf header\n      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName && cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName);\n      if (xsrfValue) {\n        requestHeaders.set(config.xsrfHeaderName, xsrfValue);\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined\n    requestData === undefined && requestHeaders.setContentType(null);\n\n    // Add headers to the request\n    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {\n      utils.forEach(requestHeaders.toJSON(), function setRequestHeader(val, key) {\n        request.setRequestHeader(key, val);\n      });\n    }\n\n    // Add withCredentials to request if needed\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {\n      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;\n    }\n\n    // Add responseType to request if needed\n    if (responseType && responseType !== 'json') {\n      request.responseType = config.responseType;\n    }\n\n    // Handle progress if needed\n    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {\n      request.addEventListener('progress', progressEventReducer(config.onDownloadProgress, true));\n    }\n\n    // Not all browsers support upload events\n    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {\n      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', progressEventReducer(config.onUploadProgress));\n    }\n    if (config.cancelToken || config.signal) {\n      // Handle cancellation\n      // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n      onCanceled = function onCanceled(cancel) {\n        if (!request) {\n          return;\n        }\n        reject(!cancel || cancel.type ? new CanceledError(null, config, request) : cancel);\n        request.abort();\n        request = null;\n      };\n      config.cancelToken && config.cancelToken.subscribe(onCanceled);\n      if (config.signal) {\n        config.signal.aborted ? onCanceled() : config.signal.addEventListener('abort', onCanceled);\n      }\n    }\n    var protocol = parseProtocol(fullPath);\n    if (protocol && platform.protocols.indexOf(protocol) === -1) {\n      reject(new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol + ':', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config));\n      return;\n    }\n\n    // Send the request\n    request.send(requestData || null);\n  });\n};","import utils from '../utils.js';\nimport httpAdapter from './http.js';\nimport xhrAdapter from './xhr.js';\nimport AxiosError from \"../core/AxiosError.js\";\nvar knownAdapters = {\n  http: httpAdapter,\n  xhr: xhrAdapter\n};\nutils.forEach(knownAdapters, function (fn, value) {\n  if (fn) {\n    try {\n      Object.defineProperty(fn, 'name', {\n        value: value\n      });\n    } catch (e) {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty\n    }\n    Object.defineProperty(fn, 'adapterName', {\n      value: value\n    });\n  }\n});\nexport default {\n  getAdapter: function getAdapter(adapters) {\n    adapters = utils.isArray(adapters) ? adapters : [adapters];\n    var _adapters = adapters,\n      length = _adapters.length;\n    var nameOrAdapter;\n    var adapter;\n    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n      nameOrAdapter = adapters[i];\n      if (adapter = utils.isString(nameOrAdapter) ? knownAdapters[nameOrAdapter.toLowerCase()] : nameOrAdapter) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    if (!adapter) {\n      if (adapter === false) {\n        throw new AxiosError(\"Adapter \".concat(nameOrAdapter, \" is not supported by the environment\"), 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT');\n      }\n      throw new Error(utils.hasOwnProp(knownAdapters, nameOrAdapter) ? \"Adapter '\".concat(nameOrAdapter, \"' is not available in the build\") : \"Unknown adapter '\".concat(nameOrAdapter, \"'\"));\n    }\n    if (!utils.isFunction(adapter)) {\n      throw new TypeError('adapter is not a function');\n    }\n    return adapter;\n  },\n  adapters: knownAdapters\n};","// eslint-disable-next-line strict\nexport default null;","'use strict';\n\nimport AxiosError from './AxiosError.js';\n\n/**\n * Resolve or reject a Promise based on response status.\n *\n * @param {Function} resolve A function that resolves the promise.\n * @param {Function} reject A function that rejects the promise.\n * @param {object} response The response.\n *\n * @returns {object} The response.\n */\nexport default function settle(resolve, reject, response) {\n  var validateStatus = response.config.validateStatus;\n  if (!response.status || !validateStatus || validateStatus(response.status)) {\n    resolve(response);\n  } else {\n    reject(new AxiosError('Request failed with status code ' + response.status, [AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE][Math.floor(response.status / 100) - 4], response.config, response.request, response));\n  }\n}","'use strict';\n\nexport default function parseProtocol(url) {\n  var match = /^([-+\\w]{1,25})(:?\\/\\/|:)/.exec(url);\n  return match && match[1] || '';\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport transformData from './transformData.js';\nimport isCancel from '../cancel/isCancel.js';\nimport defaults from '../defaults/index.js';\nimport CanceledError from '../cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from '../core/AxiosHeaders.js';\nimport adapters from \"../adapters/adapters.js\";\n\n/**\n * Throws a `CanceledError` if cancellation has been requested.\n *\n * @param {Object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n *\n * @returns {void}\n */\nfunction throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {\n  if (config.cancelToken) {\n    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();\n  }\n  if (config.signal && config.signal.aborted) {\n    throw new CanceledError();\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.\n *\n * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request\n *\n * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n */\nexport default function dispatchRequest(config) {\n  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n  config.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(config.headers);\n\n  // Transform request data\n  config.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformRequest);\n  if (['post', 'put', 'patch'].indexOf(config.method) !== -1) {\n    config.headers.setContentType('application/x-www-form-urlencoded', false);\n  }\n  var adapter = adapters.getAdapter(config.adapter || defaults.adapter);\n  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {\n    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n    // Transform response data\n    response.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformResponse, response);\n    response.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(response.headers);\n    return response;\n  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {\n    if (!isCancel(reason)) {\n      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);\n\n      // Transform response data\n      if (reason && reason.response) {\n        reason.response.data = transformData.call(config, config.transformResponse, reason.response);\n        reason.response.headers = AxiosHeaders.from(reason.response.headers);\n      }\n    }\n    return Promise.reject(reason);\n  });\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from '../utils.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from \"./AxiosHeaders.js\";\nvar headersToObject = function headersToObject(thing) {\n  return thing instanceof AxiosHeaders ? thing.toJSON() : thing;\n};\n\n/**\n * Config-specific merge-function which creates a new config-object\n * by merging two configuration objects together.\n *\n * @param {Object} config1\n * @param {Object} config2\n *\n * @returns {Object} New object resulting from merging config2 to config1\n */\nexport default function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n  config2 = config2 || {};\n  var config = {};\n  function getMergedValue(target, source, caseless) {\n    if (utils.isPlainObject(target) && utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge.call({\n        caseless: caseless\n      }, target, source);\n    } else if (utils.isPlainObject(source)) {\n      return utils.merge({}, source);\n    } else if (utils.isArray(source)) {\n      return source.slice();\n    }\n    return source;\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function mergeDeepProperties(a, b, caseless) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(a, b, caseless);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(a)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a, caseless);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function valueFromConfig2(a, b) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, b);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function defaultToConfig2(a, b) {\n    if (!utils.isUndefined(b)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, b);\n    } else if (!utils.isUndefined(a)) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return\n  function mergeDirectKeys(a, b, prop) {\n    if (prop in config2) {\n      return getMergedValue(a, b);\n    } else if (prop in config1) {\n      return getMergedValue(undefined, a);\n    }\n  }\n  var mergeMap = {\n    url: valueFromConfig2,\n    method: valueFromConfig2,\n    data: valueFromConfig2,\n    baseURL: defaultToConfig2,\n    transformRequest: defaultToConfig2,\n    transformResponse: defaultToConfig2,\n    paramsSerializer: defaultToConfig2,\n    timeout: defaultToConfig2,\n    timeoutMessage: defaultToConfig2,\n    withCredentials: defaultToConfig2,\n    adapter: defaultToConfig2,\n    responseType: defaultToConfig2,\n    xsrfCookieName: defaultToConfig2,\n    xsrfHeaderName: defaultToConfig2,\n    onUploadProgress: defaultToConfig2,\n    onDownloadProgress: defaultToConfig2,\n    decompress: defaultToConfig2,\n    maxContentLength: defaultToConfig2,\n    maxBodyLength: defaultToConfig2,\n    beforeRedirect: defaultToConfig2,\n    transport: defaultToConfig2,\n    httpAgent: defaultToConfig2,\n    httpsAgent: defaultToConfig2,\n    cancelToken: defaultToConfig2,\n    socketPath: defaultToConfig2,\n    responseEncoding: defaultToConfig2,\n    validateStatus: mergeDirectKeys,\n    headers: function headers(a, b) {\n      return mergeDeepProperties(headersToObject(a), headersToObject(b), true);\n    }\n  };\n  utils.forEach(Object.keys(config1).concat(Object.keys(config2)), function computeConfigValue(prop) {\n    var merge = mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties;\n    var configValue = merge(config1[prop], config2[prop], prop);\n    utils.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys || (config[prop] = configValue);\n  });\n  return config;\n}","export var VERSION = \"1.2.0\";","'use strict';\n\nimport { VERSION } from '../env/data.js';\nimport AxiosError from '../core/AxiosError.js';\nvar validators = {};\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n['object', 'boolean', 'number', 'function', 'string', 'symbol'].forEach(function (type, i) {\n  validators[type] = function validator(thing) {\n    return typeof thing === type || 'a' + (i < 1 ? 'n ' : ' ') + type;\n  };\n});\nvar deprecatedWarnings = {};\n\n/**\n * Transitional option validator\n *\n * @param {function|boolean?} validator - set to false if the transitional option has been removed\n * @param {string?} version - deprecated version / removed since version\n * @param {string?} message - some message with additional info\n *\n * @returns {function}\n */\nvalidators.transitional = function transitional(validator, version, message) {\n  function formatMessage(opt, desc) {\n    return '[Axios v' + VERSION + '] Transitional option \\'' + opt + '\\'' + desc + (message ? '. ' + message : '');\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n  return function (value, opt, opts) {\n    if (validator === false) {\n      throw new AxiosError(formatMessage(opt, ' has been removed' + (version ? ' in ' + version : '')), AxiosError.ERR_DEPRECATED);\n    }\n    if (version && !deprecatedWarnings[opt]) {\n      deprecatedWarnings[opt] = true;\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console\n      console.warn(formatMessage(opt, ' has been deprecated since v' + version + ' and will be removed in the near future'));\n    }\n    return validator ? validator(value, opt, opts) : true;\n  };\n};\n\n/**\n * Assert object's properties type\n *\n * @param {object} options\n * @param {object} schema\n * @param {boolean?} allowUnknown\n *\n * @returns {object}\n */\n\nfunction assertOptions(options, schema, allowUnknown) {\n  if (typeof options !== 'object') {\n    throw new AxiosError('options must be an object', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE);\n  }\n  var keys = Object.keys(options);\n  var i = keys.length;\n  while (i-- > 0) {\n    var opt = keys[i];\n    var validator = schema[opt];\n    if (validator) {\n      var value = options[opt];\n      var result = value === undefined || validator(value, opt, options);\n      if (result !== true) {\n        throw new AxiosError('option ' + opt + ' must be ' + result, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE);\n      }\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (allowUnknown !== true) {\n      throw new AxiosError('Unknown option ' + opt, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION);\n    }\n  }\n}\nexport default {\n  assertOptions: assertOptions,\n  validators: validators\n};","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\nimport buildURL from '../helpers/buildURL.js';\nimport InterceptorManager from './InterceptorManager.js';\nimport dispatchRequest from './dispatchRequest.js';\nimport mergeConfig from './mergeConfig.js';\nimport buildFullPath from './buildFullPath.js';\nimport validator from '../helpers/validator.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from './AxiosHeaders.js';\nvar validators = validator.validators;\n\n/**\n * Create a new instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance\n *\n * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios\n */\nvar Axios = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function Axios(instanceConfig) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Axios);\n    this.defaults = instanceConfig;\n    this.interceptors = {\n      request: new InterceptorManager(),\n      response: new InterceptorManager()\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Dispatch a request\n   *\n   * @param {String|Object} configOrUrl The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)\n   * @param {?Object} config\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled\n   */\n  _createClass(Axios, [{\n    key: \"request\",\n    value: function request(configOrUrl, config) {\n      /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/\n      // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API\n      if (typeof configOrUrl === 'string') {\n        config = config || {};\n        config.url = configOrUrl;\n      } else {\n        config = configOrUrl || {};\n      }\n      config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n      var _config = config,\n        transitional = _config.transitional,\n        paramsSerializer = _config.paramsSerializer,\n        headers = _config.headers;\n      if (transitional !== undefined) {\n        validator.assertOptions(transitional, {\n          silentJSONParsing: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),\n          forcedJSONParsing: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),\n          clarifyTimeoutError: validators.transitional(validators.boolean)\n        }, false);\n      }\n      if (paramsSerializer !== undefined) {\n        validator.assertOptions(paramsSerializer, {\n          encode: validators.function,\n          serialize: validators.function\n        }, true);\n      }\n\n      // Set config.method\n      config.method = (config.method || this.defaults.method || 'get').toLowerCase();\n      var contextHeaders;\n\n      // Flatten headers\n      contextHeaders = headers && utils.merge(headers.common, headers[config.method]);\n      contextHeaders && utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'], function (method) {\n        delete headers[method];\n      });\n      config.headers = AxiosHeaders.concat(contextHeaders, headers);\n\n      // filter out skipped interceptors\n      var requestInterceptorChain = [];\n      var synchronousRequestInterceptors = true;\n      this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {\n        if (typeof interceptor.runWhen === 'function' && interceptor.runWhen(config) === false) {\n          return;\n        }\n        synchronousRequestInterceptors = synchronousRequestInterceptors && interceptor.synchronous;\n        requestInterceptorChain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n      });\n      var responseInterceptorChain = [];\n      this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {\n        responseInterceptorChain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);\n      });\n      var promise;\n      var i = 0;\n      var len;\n      if (!synchronousRequestInterceptors) {\n        var chain = [dispatchRequest.bind(this), undefined];\n        chain.unshift.apply(chain, requestInterceptorChain);\n        chain.push.apply(chain, responseInterceptorChain);\n        len = chain.length;\n        promise = Promise.resolve(config);\n        while (i < len) {\n          promise = promise.then(chain[i++], chain[i++]);\n        }\n        return promise;\n      }\n      len = requestInterceptorChain.length;\n      var newConfig = config;\n      i = 0;\n      while (i < len) {\n        var onFulfilled = requestInterceptorChain[i++];\n        var onRejected = requestInterceptorChain[i++];\n        try {\n          newConfig = onFulfilled(newConfig);\n        } catch (error) {\n          onRejected.call(this, error);\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      try {\n        promise = dispatchRequest.call(this, newConfig);\n      } catch (error) {\n        return Promise.reject(error);\n      }\n      i = 0;\n      len = responseInterceptorChain.length;\n      while (i < len) {\n        promise = promise.then(responseInterceptorChain[i++], responseInterceptorChain[i++]);\n      }\n      return promise;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getUri\",\n    value: function getUri(config) {\n      config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);\n      var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);\n      return buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Axios;\n}(); // Provide aliases for supported request methods\nutils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n  Axios.prototype[method] = function (url, config) {\n    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n      method: method,\n      url: url,\n      data: (config || {}).data\n    }));\n  };\n});\nutils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {\n  /*eslint func-names:0*/\n\n  function generateHTTPMethod(isForm) {\n    return function httpMethod(url, data, config) {\n      return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {\n        method: method,\n        headers: isForm ? {\n          'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'\n        } : {},\n        url: url,\n        data: data\n      }));\n    };\n  }\n  Axios.prototype[method] = generateHTTPMethod();\n  Axios.prototype[method + 'Form'] = generateHTTPMethod(true);\n});\nexport default Axios;","'use strict';\n\nimport _classCallCheck from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck.js\";\nimport _createClass from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass.js\";\nimport CanceledError from './CanceledError.js';\n\n/**\n * A `CancelToken` is an object that can be used to request cancellation of an operation.\n *\n * @param {Function} executor The executor function.\n *\n * @returns {CancelToken}\n */\nvar CancelToken = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function CancelToken(executor) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, CancelToken);\n    if (typeof executor !== 'function') {\n      throw new TypeError('executor must be a function.');\n    }\n    var resolvePromise;\n    this.promise = new Promise(function promiseExecutor(resolve) {\n      resolvePromise = resolve;\n    });\n    var token = this;\n\n    // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n    this.promise.then(function (cancel) {\n      if (!token._listeners) return;\n      var i = token._listeners.length;\n      while (i-- > 0) {\n        token._listeners[i](cancel);\n      }\n      token._listeners = null;\n    });\n\n    // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n    this.promise.then = function (onfulfilled) {\n      var _resolve;\n      // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n      var promise = new Promise(function (resolve) {\n        token.subscribe(resolve);\n        _resolve = resolve;\n      }).then(onfulfilled);\n      promise.cancel = function reject() {\n        token.unsubscribe(_resolve);\n      };\n      return promise;\n    };\n    executor(function cancel(message, config, request) {\n      if (token.reason) {\n        // Cancellation has already been requested\n        return;\n      }\n      token.reason = new CanceledError(message, config, request);\n      resolvePromise(token.reason);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Throws a `CanceledError` if cancellation has been requested.\n   */\n  _createClass(CancelToken, [{\n    key: \"throwIfRequested\",\n    value: function throwIfRequested() {\n      if (this.reason) {\n        throw this.reason;\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Subscribe to the cancel signal\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"subscribe\",\n    value: function subscribe(listener) {\n      if (this.reason) {\n        listener(this.reason);\n        return;\n      }\n      if (this._listeners) {\n        this._listeners.push(listener);\n      } else {\n        this._listeners = [listener];\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Unsubscribe from the cancel signal\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"unsubscribe\",\n    value: function unsubscribe(listener) {\n      if (!this._listeners) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var index = this._listeners.indexOf(listener);\n      if (index !== -1) {\n        this._listeners.splice(index, 1);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Returns an object that contains a new `CancelToken` and a function that, when called,\n     * cancels the `CancelToken`.\n     */\n  }], [{\n    key: \"source\",\n    value: function source() {\n      var cancel;\n      var token = new CancelToken(function executor(c) {\n        cancel = c;\n      });\n      return {\n        token: token,\n        cancel: cancel\n      };\n    }\n  }]);\n  return CancelToken;\n}();\nexport default CancelToken;","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './utils.js';\nimport bind from './helpers/bind.js';\nimport Axios from './core/Axios.js';\nimport mergeConfig from './core/mergeConfig.js';\nimport defaults from './defaults/index.js';\nimport formDataToJSON from './helpers/formDataToJSON.js';\nimport CanceledError from './cancel/CanceledError.js';\nimport CancelToken from './cancel/CancelToken.js';\nimport isCancel from './cancel/isCancel.js';\nimport { VERSION } from './env/data.js';\nimport toFormData from './helpers/toFormData.js';\nimport AxiosError from './core/AxiosError.js';\nimport spread from './helpers/spread.js';\nimport isAxiosError from './helpers/isAxiosError.js';\nimport AxiosHeaders from \"./core/AxiosHeaders.js\";\n\n/**\n * Create an instance of Axios\n *\n * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance\n *\n * @returns {Axios} A new instance of Axios\n */\nfunction createInstance(defaultConfig) {\n  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);\n  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);\n\n  // Copy axios.prototype to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context, {\n    allOwnKeys: true\n  });\n\n  // Copy context to instance\n  utils.extend(instance, context, null, {\n    allOwnKeys: true\n  });\n\n  // Factory for creating new instances\n  instance.create = function create(instanceConfig) {\n    return createInstance(mergeConfig(defaultConfig, instanceConfig));\n  };\n  return instance;\n}\n\n// Create the default instance to be exported\nvar axios = createInstance(defaults);\n\n// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance\naxios.Axios = Axios;\n\n// Expose Cancel & CancelToken\naxios.CanceledError = CanceledError;\naxios.CancelToken = CancelToken;\naxios.isCancel = isCancel;\naxios.VERSION = VERSION;\naxios.toFormData = toFormData;\n\n// Expose AxiosError class\naxios.AxiosError = AxiosError;\n\n// alias for CanceledError for backward compatibility\naxios.Cancel = axios.CanceledError;\n\n// Expose all/spread\naxios.all = function all(promises) {\n  return Promise.all(promises);\n};\naxios.spread = spread;\n\n// Expose isAxiosError\naxios.isAxiosError = isAxiosError;\naxios.AxiosHeaders = AxiosHeaders;\naxios.formToJSON = function (thing) {\n  return formDataToJSON(utils.isHTMLForm(thing) ? new FormData(thing) : thing);\n};\naxios.default = axios;\n\n// this module should only have a default export\nexport default axios;","'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Syntactic sugar for invoking a function and expanding an array for arguments.\n *\n * Common use case would be to use `Function.prototype.apply`.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  function f(x, y, z) {}\n *  var args = [1, 2, 3];\n *  f.apply(null, args);\n *  ```\n *\n * With `spread` this example can be re-written.\n *\n *  ```js\n *  spread(function(x, y, z) {})([1, 2, 3]);\n *  ```\n *\n * @param {Function} callback\n *\n * @returns {Function}\n */\nexport default function spread(callback) {\n  return function wrap(arr) {\n    return callback.apply(null, arr);\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nimport utils from './../utils.js';\n\n/**\n * Determines whether the payload is an error thrown by Axios\n *\n * @param {*} payload The value to test\n *\n * @returns {boolean} True if the payload is an error thrown by Axios, otherwise false\n */\nexport default function isAxiosError(payload) {\n  return utils.isObject(payload) && payload.isAxiosError === true;\n}","\"use strict\";\n\nrequire(\"core-js/shim\");\nrequire(\"regenerator-runtime/runtime\");\nrequire(\"core-js/fn/regexp/escape\");\nif (global._babelPolyfill) {\n  throw new Error(\"only one instance of babel-polyfill is allowed\");\n}\nglobal._babelPolyfill = true;\nvar DEFINE_PROPERTY = \"defineProperty\";\nfunction define(O, key, value) {\n  O[key] || Object[DEFINE_PROPERTY](O, key, {\n    writable: true,\n    configurable: true,\n    value: value\n  });\n}\ndefine(String.prototype, \"padLeft\", \"\".padStart);\ndefine(String.prototype, \"padRight\", \"\".padEnd);\n\"pop,reverse,shift,keys,values,entries,indexOf,every,some,forEach,map,filter,find,findIndex,includes,join,slice,concat,push,splice,unshift,sort,lastIndexOf,reduce,reduceRight,copyWithin,fill\".split(\",\").forEach(function (key) {\n  [][key] && define(Array, key, Function.call.bind([][key]));\n});","/*!\n  Copyright (c) 2018 Jed Watson.\n  Licensed under the MIT License (MIT), see\n  http://jedwatson.github.io/classnames\n*/\n/* global define */\n\n(function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  var hasOwn = {}.hasOwnProperty;\n  function classNames() {\n    var classes = [];\n    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var arg = arguments[i];\n      if (!arg) continue;\n      var argType = typeof arg;\n      if (argType === 'string' || argType === 'number') {\n        classes.push(arg);\n      } else if (Array.isArray(arg)) {\n        if (arg.length) {\n          var inner = classNames.apply(null, arg);\n          if (inner) {\n            classes.push(inner);\n          }\n        }\n      } else if (argType === 'object') {\n        if (arg.toString === Object.prototype.toString) {\n          for (var key in arg) {\n            if (hasOwn.call(arg, key) && arg[key]) {\n              classes.push(key);\n            }\n          }\n        } else {\n          classes.push(arg.toString());\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return classes.join(' ');\n  }\n  if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {\n    classNames.default = classNames;\n    module.exports = classNames;\n  } else if (typeof define === 'function' && typeof define.amd === 'object' && define.amd) {\n    // register as 'classnames', consistent with npm package name\n    define('classnames', [], function () {\n      return classNames;\n    });\n  } else {\n    window.classNames = classNames;\n  }\n})();","var conversions = {\n  // length\n  'px': {\n    'px': 1,\n    'cm': 96.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 96.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 96,\n    'pt': 96.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 16\n  },\n  'cm': {\n    'px': 2.54 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 1,\n    'mm': 0.1,\n    'in': 2.54,\n    'pt': 2.54 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 2.54 / 6.0\n  },\n  'mm': {\n    'px': 25.4 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 10,\n    'mm': 1,\n    'in': 25.4,\n    'pt': 25.4 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 25.4 / 6.0\n  },\n  'in': {\n    'px': 1.0 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 1.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 1.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 1,\n    'pt': 1.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 1.0 / 6.0\n  },\n  'pt': {\n    'px': 0.75,\n    'cm': 72.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 72.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 72,\n    'pt': 1,\n    'pc': 12\n  },\n  'pc': {\n    'px': 6.0 / 96.0,\n    'cm': 6.0 / 2.54,\n    'mm': 6.0 / 25.4,\n    'in': 6,\n    'pt': 6.0 / 72.0,\n    'pc': 1\n  },\n  // angle\n  'deg': {\n    'deg': 1,\n    'grad': 0.9,\n    'rad': 180 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 360\n  },\n  'grad': {\n    'deg': 400 / 360,\n    'grad': 1,\n    'rad': 200 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 400\n  },\n  'rad': {\n    'deg': Math.PI / 180,\n    'grad': Math.PI / 200,\n    'rad': 1,\n    'turn': Math.PI * 2\n  },\n  'turn': {\n    'deg': 1 / 360,\n    'grad': 1 / 400,\n    'rad': 0.5 / Math.PI,\n    'turn': 1\n  },\n  // time\n  's': {\n    's': 1,\n    'ms': 1 / 1000\n  },\n  'ms': {\n    's': 1000,\n    'ms': 1\n  },\n  // frequency\n  'Hz': {\n    'Hz': 1,\n    'kHz': 1000\n  },\n  'kHz': {\n    'Hz': 1 / 1000,\n    'kHz': 1\n  },\n  // resolution\n  'dpi': {\n    'dpi': 1,\n    'dpcm': 1.0 / 2.54,\n    'dppx': 1 / 96\n  },\n  'dpcm': {\n    'dpi': 2.54,\n    'dpcm': 1,\n    'dppx': 2.54 / 96.0\n  },\n  'dppx': {\n    'dpi': 96,\n    'dpcm': 96.0 / 2.54,\n    'dppx': 1\n  }\n};\nmodule.exports = function (value, sourceUnit, targetUnit, precision) {\n  if (!conversions.hasOwnProperty(targetUnit)) throw new Error(\"Cannot convert to \" + targetUnit);\n  if (!conversions[targetUnit].hasOwnProperty(sourceUnit)) throw new Error(\"Cannot convert from \" + sourceUnit + \" to \" + targetUnit);\n  var converted = conversions[targetUnit][sourceUnit] * value;\n  if (precision !== false) {\n    precision = Math.pow(10, parseInt(precision) || 5);\n    return Math.round(converted * precision) / precision;\n  }\n  return converted;\n};","/*! decimal.js-light v2.5.1 https://github.com/MikeMcl/decimal.js-light/LICENCE */\n;\n(function (globalScope) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /*\r\n   *  decimal.js-light v2.5.1\r\n   *  An arbitrary-precision Decimal type for JavaScript.\r\n   *  https://github.com/MikeMcl/decimal.js-light\r\n   *  Copyright (c) 2020 Michael Mclaughlin <M8ch88l@gmail.com>\r\n   *  MIT Expat Licence\r\n   */\n\n  // -----------------------------------  EDITABLE DEFAULTS  ------------------------------------ //\n\n  // The limit on the value of `precision`, and on the value of the first argument to\n  // `toDecimalPlaces`, `toExponential`, `toFixed`, `toPrecision` and `toSignificantDigits`.\n  var MAX_DIGITS = 1e9,\n    // 0 to 1e9\n\n    // The initial configuration properties of the Decimal constructor.\n    Decimal = {\n      // These values must be integers within the stated ranges (inclusive).\n      // Most of these values can be changed during run-time using `Decimal.config`.\n\n      // The maximum number of significant digits of the result of a calculation or base conversion.\n      // E.g. `Decimal.config({ precision: 20 });`\n      precision: 20,\n      // 1 to MAX_DIGITS\n\n      // The rounding mode used by default by `toInteger`, `toDecimalPlaces`, `toExponential`,\n      // `toFixed`, `toPrecision` and `toSignificantDigits`.\n      //\n      // ROUND_UP         0 Away from zero.\n      // ROUND_DOWN       1 Towards zero.\n      // ROUND_CEIL       2 Towards +Infinity.\n      // ROUND_FLOOR      3 Towards -Infinity.\n      // ROUND_HALF_UP    4 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, up.\n      // ROUND_HALF_DOWN  5 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, down.\n      // ROUND_HALF_EVEN  6 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards even neighbour.\n      // ROUND_HALF_CEIL  7 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards +Infinity.\n      // ROUND_HALF_FLOOR 8 Towards nearest neighbour. If equidistant, towards -Infinity.\n      //\n      // E.g.\n      // `Decimal.rounding = 4;`\n      // `Decimal.rounding = Decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP;`\n      rounding: 4,\n      // 0 to 8\n\n      // The exponent value at and beneath which `toString` returns exponential notation.\n      // JavaScript numbers: -7\n      toExpNeg: -7,\n      // 0 to -MAX_E\n\n      // The exponent value at and above which `toString` returns exponential notation.\n      // JavaScript numbers: 21\n      toExpPos: 21,\n      // 0 to MAX_E\n\n      // The natural logarithm of 10.\n      // 115 digits\n      LN10: '2.302585092994045684017991454684364207601101488628772976033327900967572609677352480235997205089598298341967784042286'\n    },\n    // ----------------------------------- END OF EDITABLE DEFAULTS ------------------------------- //\n\n    external = true,\n    decimalError = '[DecimalError] ',\n    invalidArgument = decimalError + 'Invalid argument: ',\n    exponentOutOfRange = decimalError + 'Exponent out of range: ',\n    mathfloor = Math.floor,\n    mathpow = Math.pow,\n    isDecimal = /^(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(e[+-]?\\d+)?$/i,\n    ONE,\n    BASE = 1e7,\n    LOG_BASE = 7,\n    MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991,\n    MAX_E = mathfloor(MAX_SAFE_INTEGER / LOG_BASE),\n    // 1286742750677284\n\n    // Decimal.prototype object\n    P = {};\n\n  // Decimal prototype methods\n\n  /*\r\n   *  absoluteValue                       abs\r\n   *  comparedTo                          cmp\r\n   *  decimalPlaces                       dp\r\n   *  dividedBy                           div\r\n   *  dividedToIntegerBy                  idiv\r\n   *  equals                              eq\r\n   *  exponent\r\n   *  greaterThan                         gt\r\n   *  greaterThanOrEqualTo                gte\r\n   *  isInteger                           isint\r\n   *  isNegative                          isneg\r\n   *  isPositive                          ispos\r\n   *  isZero\r\n   *  lessThan                            lt\r\n   *  lessThanOrEqualTo                   lte\r\n   *  logarithm                           log\r\n   *  minus                               sub\r\n   *  modulo                              mod\r\n   *  naturalExponential                  exp\r\n   *  naturalLogarithm                    ln\r\n   *  negated                             neg\r\n   *  plus                                add\r\n   *  precision                           sd\r\n   *  squareRoot                          sqrt\r\n   *  times                               mul\r\n   *  toDecimalPlaces                     todp\r\n   *  toExponential\r\n   *  toFixed\r\n   *  toInteger                           toint\r\n   *  toNumber\r\n   *  toPower                             pow\r\n   *  toPrecision\r\n   *  toSignificantDigits                 tosd\r\n   *  toString\r\n   *  valueOf                             val\r\n   */\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the absolute value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.absoluteValue = P.abs = function () {\n    var x = new this.constructor(this);\n    if (x.s) x.s = 1;\n    return x;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return\r\n   *   1    if the value of this Decimal is greater than the value of `y`,\r\n   *  -1    if the value of this Decimal is less than the value of `y`,\r\n   *   0    if they have the same value\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.comparedTo = P.cmp = function (y) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      xdL,\n      ydL,\n      x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n\n    // Signs differ?\n    if (x.s !== y.s) return x.s || -y.s;\n\n    // Compare exponents.\n    if (x.e !== y.e) return x.e > y.e ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    xdL = x.d.length;\n    ydL = y.d.length;\n\n    // Compare digit by digit.\n    for (i = 0, j = xdL < ydL ? xdL : ydL; i < j; ++i) {\n      if (x.d[i] !== y.d[i]) return x.d[i] > y.d[i] ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n    }\n\n    // Compare lengths.\n    return xdL === ydL ? 0 : xdL > ydL ^ x.s < 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the number of decimal places of the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.decimalPlaces = P.dp = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      w = x.d.length - 1,\n      dp = (w - x.e) * LOG_BASE;\n\n    // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last word.\n    w = x.d[w];\n    if (w) for (; w % 10 == 0; w /= 10) {\n      dp--;\n    }\n    return dp < 0 ? 0 : dp;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal divided by `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.dividedBy = P.div = function (y) {\n    return divide(this, new this.constructor(y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the integer part of dividing the value of this Decimal\r\n   * by the value of `y`, truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.dividedToIntegerBy = P.idiv = function (y) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return round(divide(x, new Ctor(y), 0, 1), Ctor.precision);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is equal to the value of `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.equals = P.eq = function (y) {\n    return !this.cmp(y);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the (base 10) exponent value of this Decimal (this.e is the base 10000000 exponent).\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.exponent = function () {\n    return getBase10Exponent(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is greater than the value of `y`, otherwise return\r\n   * false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.greaterThan = P.gt = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) > 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is greater than or equal to the value of `y`,\r\n   * otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.greaterThanOrEqualTo = P.gte = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) >= 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is an integer, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isInteger = P.isint = function () {\n    return this.e > this.d.length - 2;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is negative, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isNegative = P.isneg = function () {\n    return this.s < 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is positive, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isPositive = P.ispos = function () {\n    return this.s > 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is 0, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.isZero = function () {\n    return this.s === 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is less than `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.lessThan = P.lt = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) < 0;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return true if the value of this Decimal is less than or equal to `y`, otherwise return false.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.lessThanOrEqualTo = P.lte = function (y) {\n    return this.cmp(y) < 1;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the logarithm of the value of this Decimal to the specified base, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * If no base is specified, return log[10](x).\r\n   *\r\n   * log[base](x) = ln(x) / ln(base)\r\n   *\r\n   * The maximum error of the result is 1 ulp (unit in the last place).\r\n   *\r\n   * [base] {number|string|Decimal} The base of the logarithm.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.logarithm = P.log = function (base) {\n    var r,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision,\n      wpr = pr + 5;\n\n    // Default base is 10.\n    if (base === void 0) {\n      base = new Ctor(10);\n    } else {\n      base = new Ctor(base);\n\n      // log[-b](x) = NaN\n      // log[0](x)  = NaN\n      // log[1](x)  = NaN\n      if (base.s < 1 || base.eq(ONE)) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n    }\n\n    // log[b](-x) = NaN\n    // log[b](0) = -Infinity\n    if (x.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + (x.s ? 'NaN' : '-Infinity'));\n\n    // log[b](1) = 0\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return new Ctor(0);\n    external = false;\n    r = divide(ln(x, wpr), ln(base, wpr), wpr);\n    external = true;\n    return round(r, pr);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal minus `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.minus = P.sub = function (y) {\n    var x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n    return x.s == y.s ? subtract(x, y) : add(x, (y.s = -y.s, y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal modulo `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.modulo = P.mod = function (y) {\n    var q,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n    y = new Ctor(y);\n\n    // x % 0 = NaN\n    if (!y.s) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n\n    // Return x if x is 0.\n    if (!x.s) return round(new Ctor(x), pr);\n\n    // Prevent rounding of intermediate calculations.\n    external = false;\n    q = divide(x, y, 0, 1).times(y);\n    external = true;\n    return x.minus(q);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural exponential of the value of this Decimal,\r\n   * i.e. the base e raised to the power the value of this Decimal, truncated to `precision`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.naturalExponential = P.exp = function () {\n    return exp(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural logarithm of the value of this Decimal,\r\n   * truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.naturalLogarithm = P.ln = function () {\n    return ln(this);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal negated, i.e. as if multiplied by\r\n   * -1.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.negated = P.neg = function () {\n    var x = new this.constructor(this);\n    x.s = -x.s || 0;\n    return x;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal plus `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.plus = P.add = function (y) {\n    var x = this;\n    y = new x.constructor(y);\n    return x.s == y.s ? add(x, y) : subtract(x, (y.s = -y.s, y));\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the number of significant digits of the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * [z] {boolean|number} Whether to count integer-part trailing zeros: true, false, 1 or 0.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.precision = P.sd = function (z) {\n    var e,\n      sd,\n      w,\n      x = this;\n    if (z !== void 0 && z !== !!z && z !== 1 && z !== 0) throw Error(invalidArgument + z);\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x) + 1;\n    w = x.d.length - 1;\n    sd = w * LOG_BASE + 1;\n    w = x.d[w];\n\n    // If non-zero...\n    if (w) {\n      // Subtract the number of trailing zeros of the last word.\n      for (; w % 10 == 0; w /= 10) {\n        sd--;\n      }\n\n      // Add the number of digits of the first word.\n      for (w = x.d[0]; w >= 10; w /= 10) {\n        sd++;\n      }\n    }\n    return z && e > sd ? e : sd;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the square root of this Decimal, truncated to `precision`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.squareRoot = P.sqrt = function () {\n    var e,\n      n,\n      pr,\n      r,\n      s,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n\n    // Negative or zero?\n    if (x.s < 1) {\n      if (!x.s) return new Ctor(0);\n\n      // sqrt(-x) = NaN\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n    }\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n    external = false;\n\n    // Initial estimate.\n    s = Math.sqrt(+x);\n\n    // Math.sqrt underflow/overflow?\n    // Pass x to Math.sqrt as integer, then adjust the exponent of the result.\n    if (s == 0 || s == 1 / 0) {\n      n = digitsToString(x.d);\n      if ((n.length + e) % 2 == 0) n += '0';\n      s = Math.sqrt(n);\n      e = mathfloor((e + 1) / 2) - (e < 0 || e % 2);\n      if (s == 1 / 0) {\n        n = '5e' + e;\n      } else {\n        n = s.toExponential();\n        n = n.slice(0, n.indexOf('e') + 1) + e;\n      }\n      r = new Ctor(n);\n    } else {\n      r = new Ctor(s.toString());\n    }\n    pr = Ctor.precision;\n    s = wpr = pr + 3;\n\n    // Newton-Raphson iteration.\n    for (;;) {\n      t = r;\n      r = t.plus(divide(x, t, wpr + 2)).times(0.5);\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === (n = digitsToString(r.d)).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        n = n.slice(wpr - 3, wpr + 1);\n\n        // The 4th rounding digit may be in error by -1 so if the 4 rounding digits are 9999 or\n        // 4999, i.e. approaching a rounding boundary, continue the iteration.\n        if (s == wpr && n == '4999') {\n          // On the first iteration only, check to see if rounding up gives the exact result as the\n          // nines may infinitely repeat.\n          round(t, pr + 1, 0);\n          if (t.times(t).eq(x)) {\n            r = t;\n            break;\n          }\n        } else if (n != '9999') {\n          break;\n        }\n        wpr += 4;\n      }\n    }\n    external = true;\n    return round(r, pr);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal times `y`, truncated to\r\n   * `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.times = P.mul = function (y) {\n    var carry,\n      e,\n      i,\n      k,\n      r,\n      rL,\n      t,\n      xdL,\n      ydL,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      xd = x.d,\n      yd = (y = new Ctor(y)).d;\n\n    // Return 0 if either is 0.\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) return new Ctor(0);\n    y.s *= x.s;\n    e = x.e + y.e;\n    xdL = xd.length;\n    ydL = yd.length;\n\n    // Ensure xd points to the longer array.\n    if (xdL < ydL) {\n      r = xd;\n      xd = yd;\n      yd = r;\n      rL = xdL;\n      xdL = ydL;\n      ydL = rL;\n    }\n\n    // Initialise the result array with zeros.\n    r = [];\n    rL = xdL + ydL;\n    for (i = rL; i--;) {\n      r.push(0);\n    }\n\n    // Multiply!\n    for (i = ydL; --i >= 0;) {\n      carry = 0;\n      for (k = xdL + i; k > i;) {\n        t = r[k] + yd[i] * xd[k - i - 1] + carry;\n        r[k--] = t % BASE | 0;\n        carry = t / BASE | 0;\n      }\n      r[k] = (r[k] + carry) % BASE | 0;\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (; !r[--rL];) {\n      r.pop();\n    }\n    if (carry) ++e;else r.shift();\n    y.d = r;\n    y.e = e;\n    return external ? round(y, Ctor.precision) : y;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a maximum of `dp`\r\n   * decimal places using rounding mode `rm` or `rounding` if `rm` is omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * If `dp` is omitted, return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toDecimalPlaces = P.todp = function (dp, rm) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    x = new Ctor(x);\n    if (dp === void 0) return x;\n    checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n    if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    return round(x, dp + getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, rm);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal in exponential notation rounded to\r\n   * `dp` fixed decimal places using rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toExponential = function (dp, rm) {\n    var str,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (dp === void 0) {\n      str = toString(x, true);\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n      x = round(new Ctor(x), dp + 1, rm);\n      str = toString(x, true, dp + 1);\n    }\n    return str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal in normal (fixed-point) notation to\r\n   * `dp` fixed decimal places and rounded using rounding mode `rm` or `rounding` if `rm` is\r\n   * omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * As with JavaScript numbers, (-0).toFixed(0) is '0', but e.g. (-0.00001).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   *\r\n   * [dp] {number} Decimal places. Integer, 0 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(0) is '0', but (-0.1).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(1) is '0.0', but (-0.01).toFixed(1) is '-0.0'.\r\n   * (-0).toFixed(3) is '0.000'.\r\n   * (-0.5).toFixed(0) is '-0'.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toFixed = function (dp, rm) {\n    var str,\n      y,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (dp === void 0) return toString(x);\n    checkInt32(dp, 0, MAX_DIGITS);\n    if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    y = round(new Ctor(x), dp + getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, rm);\n    str = toString(y.abs(), false, dp + getBase10Exponent(y) + 1);\n\n    // To determine whether to add the minus sign look at the value before it was rounded,\n    // i.e. look at `x` rather than `y`.\n    return x.isneg() && !x.isZero() ? '-' + str : str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a whole number using\r\n   * rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toInteger = P.toint = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return round(new Ctor(x), getBase10Exponent(x) + 1, Ctor.rounding);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return the value of this Decimal converted to a number primitive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toNumber = function () {\n    return +this;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal raised to the power `y`,\r\n   * truncated to `precision` significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * For non-integer or very large exponents pow(x, y) is calculated using\r\n   *\r\n   *   x^y = exp(y*ln(x))\r\n   *\r\n   * The maximum error is 1 ulp (unit in last place).\r\n   *\r\n   * y {number|string|Decimal} The power to which to raise this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toPower = P.pow = function (y) {\n    var e,\n      k,\n      pr,\n      r,\n      sign,\n      yIsInt,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      guard = 12,\n      yn = +(y = new Ctor(y));\n\n    // pow(x, 0) = 1\n    if (!y.s) return new Ctor(ONE);\n    x = new Ctor(x);\n\n    // pow(0, y > 0) = 0\n    // pow(0, y < 0) = Infinity\n    if (!x.s) {\n      if (y.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + 'Infinity');\n      return x;\n    }\n\n    // pow(1, y) = 1\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return x;\n    pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // pow(x, 1) = x\n    if (y.eq(ONE)) return round(x, pr);\n    e = y.e;\n    k = y.d.length - 1;\n    yIsInt = e >= k;\n    sign = x.s;\n    if (!yIsInt) {\n      // pow(x < 0, y non-integer) = NaN\n      if (sign < 0) throw Error(decimalError + 'NaN');\n\n      // If y is a small integer use the 'exponentiation by squaring' algorithm.\n    } else if ((k = yn < 0 ? -yn : yn) <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {\n      r = new Ctor(ONE);\n\n      // Max k of 9007199254740991 takes 53 loop iterations.\n      // Maximum digits array length; leaves [28, 34] guard digits.\n      e = Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE + 4);\n      external = false;\n      for (;;) {\n        if (k % 2) {\n          r = r.times(x);\n          truncate(r.d, e);\n        }\n        k = mathfloor(k / 2);\n        if (k === 0) break;\n        x = x.times(x);\n        truncate(x.d, e);\n      }\n      external = true;\n      return y.s < 0 ? new Ctor(ONE).div(r) : round(r, pr);\n    }\n\n    // Result is negative if x is negative and the last digit of integer y is odd.\n    sign = sign < 0 && y.d[Math.max(e, k)] & 1 ? -1 : 1;\n    x.s = 1;\n    external = false;\n    r = y.times(ln(x, pr + guard));\n    external = true;\n    r = exp(r);\n    r.s = sign;\n    return r;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal rounded to `sd` significant digits\r\n   * using rounding mode `rounding`.\r\n   *\r\n   * Return exponential notation if `sd` is less than the number of digits necessary to represent\r\n   * the integer part of the value in normal notation.\r\n   *\r\n   * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toPrecision = function (sd, rm) {\n    var e,\n      str,\n      x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (sd === void 0) {\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      str = toString(x, e <= Ctor.toExpNeg || e >= Ctor.toExpPos);\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(sd, 1, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n      x = round(new Ctor(x), sd, rm);\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      str = toString(x, sd <= e || e <= Ctor.toExpNeg, sd);\n    }\n    return str;\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the value of this Decimal rounded to a maximum of `sd`\r\n   * significant digits using rounding mode `rm`, or to `precision` and `rounding` respectively if\r\n   * omitted.\r\n   *\r\n   * [sd] {number} Significant digits. Integer, 1 to MAX_DIGITS inclusive.\r\n   * [rm] {number} Rounding mode. Integer, 0 to 8 inclusive.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toSignificantDigits = P.tosd = function (sd, rm) {\n    var x = this,\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    if (sd === void 0) {\n      sd = Ctor.precision;\n      rm = Ctor.rounding;\n    } else {\n      checkInt32(sd, 1, MAX_DIGITS);\n      if (rm === void 0) rm = Ctor.rounding;else checkInt32(rm, 0, 8);\n    }\n    return round(new Ctor(x), sd, rm);\n  };\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a string representing the value of this Decimal.\r\n   *\r\n   * Return exponential notation if this Decimal has a positive exponent equal to or greater than\r\n   * `toExpPos`, or a negative exponent equal to or less than `toExpNeg`.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  P.toString = P.valueOf = P.val = P.toJSON = function () {\n    var x = this,\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x),\n      Ctor = x.constructor;\n    return toString(x, e <= Ctor.toExpNeg || e >= Ctor.toExpPos);\n  };\n\n  // Helper functions for Decimal.prototype (P) and/or Decimal methods, and their callers.\n\n  /*\r\n   *  add                 P.minus, P.plus\r\n   *  checkInt32          P.todp, P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision, P.tosd\r\n   *  digitsToString      P.log, P.sqrt, P.pow, toString, exp, ln\r\n   *  divide              P.div, P.idiv, P.log, P.mod, P.sqrt, exp, ln\r\n   *  exp                 P.exp, P.pow\r\n   *  getBase10Exponent   P.exponent, P.sd, P.toint, P.sqrt, P.todp, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision,\r\n   *                      P.toString, divide, round, toString, exp, ln\r\n   *  getLn10             P.log, ln\r\n   *  getZeroString       digitsToString, toString\r\n   *  ln                  P.log, P.ln, P.pow, exp\r\n   *  parseDecimal        Decimal\r\n   *  round               P.abs, P.idiv, P.log, P.minus, P.mod, P.neg, P.plus, P.toint, P.sqrt,\r\n   *                      P.times, P.todp, P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.pow, P.toPrecision, P.tosd,\r\n   *                      divide, getLn10, exp, ln\r\n   *  subtract            P.minus, P.plus\r\n   *  toString            P.toExponential, P.toFixed, P.toPrecision, P.toString, P.valueOf\r\n   *  truncate            P.pow\r\n   *\r\n   *  Throws:             P.log, P.mod, P.sd, P.sqrt, P.pow,  checkInt32, divide, round,\r\n   *                      getLn10, exp, ln, parseDecimal, Decimal, config\r\n   */\n\n  function add(x, y) {\n    var carry,\n      d,\n      e,\n      i,\n      k,\n      len,\n      xd,\n      yd,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // If either is zero...\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) {\n      // Return x if y is zero.\n      // Return y if y is non-zero.\n      if (!y.s) y = new Ctor(x);\n      return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    }\n    xd = x.d;\n    yd = y.d;\n\n    // x and y are finite, non-zero numbers with the same sign.\n\n    k = x.e;\n    e = y.e;\n    xd = xd.slice();\n    i = k - e;\n\n    // If base 1e7 exponents differ...\n    if (i) {\n      if (i < 0) {\n        d = xd;\n        i = -i;\n        len = yd.length;\n      } else {\n        d = yd;\n        e = k;\n        len = xd.length;\n      }\n\n      // Limit number of zeros prepended to max(ceil(pr / LOG_BASE), len) + 1.\n      k = Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE);\n      len = k > len ? k + 1 : len + 1;\n      if (i > len) {\n        i = len;\n        d.length = 1;\n      }\n\n      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents. Note: Faster to use reverse then do unshifts.\n      d.reverse();\n      for (; i--;) {\n        d.push(0);\n      }\n      d.reverse();\n    }\n    len = xd.length;\n    i = yd.length;\n\n    // If yd is longer than xd, swap xd and yd so xd points to the longer array.\n    if (len - i < 0) {\n      i = len;\n      d = yd;\n      yd = xd;\n      xd = d;\n    }\n\n    // Only start adding at yd.length - 1 as the further digits of xd can be left as they are.\n    for (carry = 0; i;) {\n      carry = (xd[--i] = xd[i] + yd[i] + carry) / BASE | 0;\n      xd[i] %= BASE;\n    }\n    if (carry) {\n      xd.unshift(carry);\n      ++e;\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    // No need to check for zero, as +x + +y != 0 && -x + -y != 0\n    for (len = xd.length; xd[--len] == 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n    y.d = xd;\n    y.e = e;\n    return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n  }\n  function checkInt32(i, min, max) {\n    if (i !== ~~i || i < min || i > max) {\n      throw Error(invalidArgument + i);\n    }\n  }\n  function digitsToString(d) {\n    var i,\n      k,\n      ws,\n      indexOfLastWord = d.length - 1,\n      str = '',\n      w = d[0];\n    if (indexOfLastWord > 0) {\n      str += w;\n      for (i = 1; i < indexOfLastWord; i++) {\n        ws = d[i] + '';\n        k = LOG_BASE - ws.length;\n        if (k) str += getZeroString(k);\n        str += ws;\n      }\n      w = d[i];\n      ws = w + '';\n      k = LOG_BASE - ws.length;\n      if (k) str += getZeroString(k);\n    } else if (w === 0) {\n      return '0';\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros of last w.\n    for (; w % 10 === 0;) {\n      w /= 10;\n    }\n    return str + w;\n  }\n  var divide = function () {\n    // Assumes non-zero x and k, and hence non-zero result.\n    function multiplyInteger(x, k) {\n      var temp,\n        carry = 0,\n        i = x.length;\n      for (x = x.slice(); i--;) {\n        temp = x[i] * k + carry;\n        x[i] = temp % BASE | 0;\n        carry = temp / BASE | 0;\n      }\n      if (carry) x.unshift(carry);\n      return x;\n    }\n    function compare(a, b, aL, bL) {\n      var i, r;\n      if (aL != bL) {\n        r = aL > bL ? 1 : -1;\n      } else {\n        for (i = r = 0; i < aL; i++) {\n          if (a[i] != b[i]) {\n            r = a[i] > b[i] ? 1 : -1;\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      return r;\n    }\n    function subtract(a, b, aL) {\n      var i = 0;\n\n      // Subtract b from a.\n      for (; aL--;) {\n        a[aL] -= i;\n        i = a[aL] < b[aL] ? 1 : 0;\n        a[aL] = i * BASE + a[aL] - b[aL];\n      }\n\n      // Remove leading zeros.\n      for (; !a[0] && a.length > 1;) {\n        a.shift();\n      }\n    }\n    return function (x, y, pr, dp) {\n      var cmp,\n        e,\n        i,\n        k,\n        prod,\n        prodL,\n        q,\n        qd,\n        rem,\n        remL,\n        rem0,\n        sd,\n        t,\n        xi,\n        xL,\n        yd0,\n        yL,\n        yz,\n        Ctor = x.constructor,\n        sign = x.s == y.s ? 1 : -1,\n        xd = x.d,\n        yd = y.d;\n\n      // Either 0?\n      if (!x.s) return new Ctor(x);\n      if (!y.s) throw Error(decimalError + 'Division by zero');\n      e = x.e - y.e;\n      yL = yd.length;\n      xL = xd.length;\n      q = new Ctor(sign);\n      qd = q.d = [];\n\n      // Result exponent may be one less than e.\n      for (i = 0; yd[i] == (xd[i] || 0);) {\n        ++i;\n      }\n      if (yd[i] > (xd[i] || 0)) --e;\n      if (pr == null) {\n        sd = pr = Ctor.precision;\n      } else if (dp) {\n        sd = pr + (getBase10Exponent(x) - getBase10Exponent(y)) + 1;\n      } else {\n        sd = pr;\n      }\n      if (sd < 0) return new Ctor(0);\n\n      // Convert precision in number of base 10 digits to base 1e7 digits.\n      sd = sd / LOG_BASE + 2 | 0;\n      i = 0;\n\n      // divisor < 1e7\n      if (yL == 1) {\n        k = 0;\n        yd = yd[0];\n        sd++;\n\n        // k is the carry.\n        for (; (i < xL || k) && sd--; i++) {\n          t = k * BASE + (xd[i] || 0);\n          qd[i] = t / yd | 0;\n          k = t % yd | 0;\n        }\n\n        // divisor >= 1e7\n      } else {\n        // Normalise xd and yd so highest order digit of yd is >= BASE/2\n        k = BASE / (yd[0] + 1) | 0;\n        if (k > 1) {\n          yd = multiplyInteger(yd, k);\n          xd = multiplyInteger(xd, k);\n          yL = yd.length;\n          xL = xd.length;\n        }\n        xi = yL;\n        rem = xd.slice(0, yL);\n        remL = rem.length;\n\n        // Add zeros to make remainder as long as divisor.\n        for (; remL < yL;) {\n          rem[remL++] = 0;\n        }\n        yz = yd.slice();\n        yz.unshift(0);\n        yd0 = yd[0];\n        if (yd[1] >= BASE / 2) ++yd0;\n        do {\n          k = 0;\n\n          // Compare divisor and remainder.\n          cmp = compare(yd, rem, yL, remL);\n\n          // If divisor < remainder.\n          if (cmp < 0) {\n            // Calculate trial digit, k.\n            rem0 = rem[0];\n            if (yL != remL) rem0 = rem0 * BASE + (rem[1] || 0);\n\n            // k will be how many times the divisor goes into the current remainder.\n            k = rem0 / yd0 | 0;\n\n            //  Algorithm:\n            //  1. product = divisor * trial digit (k)\n            //  2. if product > remainder: product -= divisor, k--\n            //  3. remainder -= product\n            //  4. if product was < remainder at 2:\n            //    5. compare new remainder and divisor\n            //    6. If remainder > divisor: remainder -= divisor, k++\n\n            if (k > 1) {\n              if (k >= BASE) k = BASE - 1;\n\n              // product = divisor * trial digit.\n              prod = multiplyInteger(yd, k);\n              prodL = prod.length;\n              remL = rem.length;\n\n              // Compare product and remainder.\n              cmp = compare(prod, rem, prodL, remL);\n\n              // product > remainder.\n              if (cmp == 1) {\n                k--;\n\n                // Subtract divisor from product.\n                subtract(prod, yL < prodL ? yz : yd, prodL);\n              }\n            } else {\n              // cmp is -1.\n              // If k is 0, there is no need to compare yd and rem again below, so change cmp to 1\n              // to avoid it. If k is 1 there is a need to compare yd and rem again below.\n              if (k == 0) cmp = k = 1;\n              prod = yd.slice();\n            }\n            prodL = prod.length;\n            if (prodL < remL) prod.unshift(0);\n\n            // Subtract product from remainder.\n            subtract(rem, prod, remL);\n\n            // If product was < previous remainder.\n            if (cmp == -1) {\n              remL = rem.length;\n\n              // Compare divisor and new remainder.\n              cmp = compare(yd, rem, yL, remL);\n\n              // If divisor < new remainder, subtract divisor from remainder.\n              if (cmp < 1) {\n                k++;\n\n                // Subtract divisor from remainder.\n                subtract(rem, yL < remL ? yz : yd, remL);\n              }\n            }\n            remL = rem.length;\n          } else if (cmp === 0) {\n            k++;\n            rem = [0];\n          } // if cmp === 1, k will be 0\n\n          // Add the next digit, k, to the result array.\n          qd[i++] = k;\n\n          // Update the remainder.\n          if (cmp && rem[0]) {\n            rem[remL++] = xd[xi] || 0;\n          } else {\n            rem = [xd[xi]];\n            remL = 1;\n          }\n        } while ((xi++ < xL || rem[0] !== void 0) && sd--);\n      }\n\n      // Leading zero?\n      if (!qd[0]) qd.shift();\n      q.e = e;\n      return round(q, dp ? pr + getBase10Exponent(q) + 1 : pr);\n    };\n  }();\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural exponential of `x` truncated to `sd`\r\n   * significant digits.\r\n   *\r\n   * Taylor/Maclaurin series.\r\n   *\r\n   * exp(x) = x^0/0! + x^1/1! + x^2/2! + x^3/3! + ...\r\n   *\r\n   * Argument reduction:\r\n   *   Repeat x = x / 32, k += 5, until |x| < 0.1\r\n   *   exp(x) = exp(x / 2^k)^(2^k)\r\n   *\r\n   * Previously, the argument was initially reduced by\r\n   * exp(x) = exp(r) * 10^k  where r = x - k * ln10, k = floor(x / ln10)\r\n   * to first put r in the range [0, ln10], before dividing by 32 until |x| < 0.1, but this was\r\n   * found to be slower than just dividing repeatedly by 32 as above.\r\n   *\r\n   * (Math object integer min/max: Math.exp(709) = 8.2e+307, Math.exp(-745) = 5e-324)\r\n   *\r\n   *  exp(x) is non-terminating for any finite, non-zero x.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function exp(x, sd) {\n    var denominator,\n      guard,\n      pow,\n      sum,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      i = 0,\n      k = 0,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n    if (getBase10Exponent(x) > 16) throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + getBase10Exponent(x));\n\n    // exp(0) = 1\n    if (!x.s) return new Ctor(ONE);\n    if (sd == null) {\n      external = false;\n      wpr = pr;\n    } else {\n      wpr = sd;\n    }\n    t = new Ctor(0.03125);\n    while (x.abs().gte(0.1)) {\n      x = x.times(t); // x = x / 2^5\n      k += 5;\n    }\n\n    // Estimate the precision increase necessary to ensure the first 4 rounding digits are correct.\n    guard = Math.log(mathpow(2, k)) / Math.LN10 * 2 + 5 | 0;\n    wpr += guard;\n    denominator = pow = sum = new Ctor(ONE);\n    Ctor.precision = wpr;\n    for (;;) {\n      pow = round(pow.times(x), wpr);\n      denominator = denominator.times(++i);\n      t = sum.plus(divide(pow, denominator, wpr));\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === digitsToString(sum.d).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        while (k--) {\n          sum = round(sum.times(sum), wpr);\n        }\n        Ctor.precision = pr;\n        return sd == null ? (external = true, round(sum, pr)) : sum;\n      }\n      sum = t;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Calculate the base 10 exponent from the base 1e7 exponent.\n  function getBase10Exponent(x) {\n    var e = x.e * LOG_BASE,\n      w = x.d[0];\n\n    // Add the number of digits of the first word of the digits array.\n    for (; w >= 10; w /= 10) {\n      e++;\n    }\n    return e;\n  }\n  function getLn10(Ctor, sd, pr) {\n    if (sd > Ctor.LN10.sd()) {\n      // Reset global state in case the exception is caught.\n      external = true;\n      if (pr) Ctor.precision = pr;\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'LN10 precision limit exceeded');\n    }\n    return round(new Ctor(Ctor.LN10), sd);\n  }\n  function getZeroString(k) {\n    var zs = '';\n    for (; k--;) {\n      zs += '0';\n    }\n    return zs;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Return a new Decimal whose value is the natural logarithm of `x` truncated to `sd` significant\r\n   * digits.\r\n   *\r\n   *  ln(n) is non-terminating (n != 1)\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function ln(y, sd) {\n    var c,\n      c0,\n      denominator,\n      e,\n      numerator,\n      sum,\n      t,\n      wpr,\n      x2,\n      n = 1,\n      guard = 10,\n      x = y,\n      xd = x.d,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // ln(-x) = NaN\n    // ln(0) = -Infinity\n    if (x.s < 1) throw Error(decimalError + (x.s ? 'NaN' : '-Infinity'));\n\n    // ln(1) = 0\n    if (x.eq(ONE)) return new Ctor(0);\n    if (sd == null) {\n      external = false;\n      wpr = pr;\n    } else {\n      wpr = sd;\n    }\n    if (x.eq(10)) {\n      if (sd == null) external = true;\n      return getLn10(Ctor, wpr);\n    }\n    wpr += guard;\n    Ctor.precision = wpr;\n    c = digitsToString(xd);\n    c0 = c.charAt(0);\n    e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n    if (Math.abs(e) < 1.5e15) {\n      // Argument reduction.\n      // The series converges faster the closer the argument is to 1, so using\n      // ln(a^b) = b * ln(a),   ln(a) = ln(a^b) / b\n      // multiply the argument by itself until the leading digits of the significand are 7, 8, 9,\n      // 10, 11, 12 or 13, recording the number of multiplications so the sum of the series can\n      // later be divided by this number, then separate out the power of 10 using\n      // ln(a*10^b) = ln(a) + b*ln(10).\n\n      // max n is 21 (gives 0.9, 1.0 or 1.1) (9e15 / 21 = 4.2e14).\n      //while (c0 < 9 && c0 != 1 || c0 == 1 && c.charAt(1) > 1) {\n      // max n is 6 (gives 0.7 - 1.3)\n      while (c0 < 7 && c0 != 1 || c0 == 1 && c.charAt(1) > 3) {\n        x = x.times(y);\n        c = digitsToString(x.d);\n        c0 = c.charAt(0);\n        n++;\n      }\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x);\n      if (c0 > 1) {\n        x = new Ctor('0.' + c);\n        e++;\n      } else {\n        x = new Ctor(c0 + '.' + c.slice(1));\n      }\n    } else {\n      // The argument reduction method above may result in overflow if the argument y is a massive\n      // number with exponent >= 1500000000000000 (9e15 / 6 = 1.5e15), so instead recall this\n      // function using ln(x*10^e) = ln(x) + e*ln(10).\n      t = getLn10(Ctor, wpr + 2, pr).times(e + '');\n      x = ln(new Ctor(c0 + '.' + c.slice(1)), wpr - guard).plus(t);\n      Ctor.precision = pr;\n      return sd == null ? (external = true, round(x, pr)) : x;\n    }\n\n    // x is reduced to a value near 1.\n\n    // Taylor series.\n    // ln(y) = ln((1 + x)/(1 - x)) = 2(x + x^3/3 + x^5/5 + x^7/7 + ...)\n    // where x = (y - 1)/(y + 1)    (|x| < 1)\n    sum = numerator = x = divide(x.minus(ONE), x.plus(ONE), wpr);\n    x2 = round(x.times(x), wpr);\n    denominator = 3;\n    for (;;) {\n      numerator = round(numerator.times(x2), wpr);\n      t = sum.plus(divide(numerator, new Ctor(denominator), wpr));\n      if (digitsToString(t.d).slice(0, wpr) === digitsToString(sum.d).slice(0, wpr)) {\n        sum = sum.times(2);\n\n        // Reverse the argument reduction.\n        if (e !== 0) sum = sum.plus(getLn10(Ctor, wpr + 2, pr).times(e + ''));\n        sum = divide(sum, new Ctor(n), wpr);\n        Ctor.precision = pr;\n        return sd == null ? (external = true, round(sum, pr)) : sum;\n      }\n      sum = t;\n      denominator += 2;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Parse the value of a new Decimal `x` from string `str`.\r\n   */\n  function parseDecimal(x, str) {\n    var e, i, len;\n\n    // Decimal point?\n    if ((e = str.indexOf('.')) > -1) str = str.replace('.', '');\n\n    // Exponential form?\n    if ((i = str.search(/e/i)) > 0) {\n      // Determine exponent.\n      if (e < 0) e = i;\n      e += +str.slice(i + 1);\n      str = str.substring(0, i);\n    } else if (e < 0) {\n      // Integer.\n      e = str.length;\n    }\n\n    // Determine leading zeros.\n    for (i = 0; str.charCodeAt(i) === 48;) {\n      ++i;\n    }\n\n    // Determine trailing zeros.\n    for (len = str.length; str.charCodeAt(len - 1) === 48;) {\n      --len;\n    }\n    str = str.slice(i, len);\n    if (str) {\n      len -= i;\n      e = e - i - 1;\n      x.e = mathfloor(e / LOG_BASE);\n      x.d = [];\n\n      // Transform base\n\n      // e is the base 10 exponent.\n      // i is where to slice str to get the first word of the digits array.\n      i = (e + 1) % LOG_BASE;\n      if (e < 0) i += LOG_BASE;\n      if (i < len) {\n        if (i) x.d.push(+str.slice(0, i));\n        for (len -= LOG_BASE; i < len;) {\n          x.d.push(+str.slice(i, i += LOG_BASE));\n        }\n        str = str.slice(i);\n        i = LOG_BASE - str.length;\n      } else {\n        i -= len;\n      }\n      for (; i--;) {\n        str += '0';\n      }\n      x.d.push(+str);\n      if (external && (x.e > MAX_E || x.e < -MAX_E)) throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + e);\n    } else {\n      // Zero.\n      x.s = 0;\n      x.e = 0;\n      x.d = [0];\n    }\n    return x;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Round `x` to `sd` significant digits, using rounding mode `rm` if present (truncate otherwise).\r\n   */\n  function round(x, sd, rm) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      n,\n      rd,\n      doRound,\n      w,\n      xdi,\n      xd = x.d;\n\n    // rd: the rounding digit, i.e. the digit after the digit that may be rounded up.\n    // w: the word of xd which contains the rounding digit, a base 1e7 number.\n    // xdi: the index of w within xd.\n    // n: the number of digits of w.\n    // i: what would be the index of rd within w if all the numbers were 7 digits long (i.e. if\n    // they had leading zeros)\n    // j: if > 0, the actual index of rd within w (if < 0, rd is a leading zero).\n\n    // Get the length of the first word of the digits array xd.\n    for (n = 1, k = xd[0]; k >= 10; k /= 10) {\n      n++;\n    }\n    i = sd - n;\n\n    // Is the rounding digit in the first word of xd?\n    if (i < 0) {\n      i += LOG_BASE;\n      j = sd;\n      w = xd[xdi = 0];\n    } else {\n      xdi = Math.ceil((i + 1) / LOG_BASE);\n      k = xd.length;\n      if (xdi >= k) return x;\n      w = k = xd[xdi];\n\n      // Get the number of digits of w.\n      for (n = 1; k >= 10; k /= 10) {\n        n++;\n      }\n\n      // Get the index of rd within w.\n      i %= LOG_BASE;\n\n      // Get the index of rd within w, adjusted for leading zeros.\n      // The number of leading zeros of w is given by LOG_BASE - n.\n      j = i - LOG_BASE + n;\n    }\n    if (rm !== void 0) {\n      k = mathpow(10, n - j - 1);\n\n      // Get the rounding digit at index j of w.\n      rd = w / k % 10 | 0;\n\n      // Are there any non-zero digits after the rounding digit?\n      doRound = sd < 0 || xd[xdi + 1] !== void 0 || w % k;\n\n      // The expression `w % mathpow(10, n - j - 1)` returns all the digits of w to the right of the\n      // digit at (left-to-right) index j, e.g. if w is 908714 and j is 2, the expression will give\n      // 714.\n\n      doRound = rm < 4 ? (rd || doRound) && (rm == 0 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 3 : 2)) : rd > 5 || rd == 5 && (rm == 4 || doRound || rm == 6 &&\n      // Check whether the digit to the left of the rounding digit is odd.\n      (i > 0 ? j > 0 ? w / mathpow(10, n - j) : 0 : xd[xdi - 1]) % 10 & 1 || rm == (x.s < 0 ? 8 : 7));\n    }\n    if (sd < 1 || !xd[0]) {\n      if (doRound) {\n        k = getBase10Exponent(x);\n        xd.length = 1;\n\n        // Convert sd to decimal places.\n        sd = sd - k - 1;\n\n        // 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 etc.\n        xd[0] = mathpow(10, (LOG_BASE - sd % LOG_BASE) % LOG_BASE);\n        x.e = mathfloor(-sd / LOG_BASE) || 0;\n      } else {\n        xd.length = 1;\n\n        // Zero.\n        xd[0] = x.e = x.s = 0;\n      }\n      return x;\n    }\n\n    // Remove excess digits.\n    if (i == 0) {\n      xd.length = xdi;\n      k = 1;\n      xdi--;\n    } else {\n      xd.length = xdi + 1;\n      k = mathpow(10, LOG_BASE - i);\n\n      // E.g. 56700 becomes 56000 if 7 is the rounding digit.\n      // j > 0 means i > number of leading zeros of w.\n      xd[xdi] = j > 0 ? (w / mathpow(10, n - j) % mathpow(10, j) | 0) * k : 0;\n    }\n    if (doRound) {\n      for (;;) {\n        // Is the digit to be rounded up in the first word of xd?\n        if (xdi == 0) {\n          if ((xd[0] += k) == BASE) {\n            xd[0] = 1;\n            ++x.e;\n          }\n          break;\n        } else {\n          xd[xdi] += k;\n          if (xd[xdi] != BASE) break;\n          xd[xdi--] = 0;\n          k = 1;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (i = xd.length; xd[--i] === 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n    if (external && (x.e > MAX_E || x.e < -MAX_E)) {\n      throw Error(exponentOutOfRange + getBase10Exponent(x));\n    }\n    return x;\n  }\n  function subtract(x, y) {\n    var d,\n      e,\n      i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      len,\n      xd,\n      xe,\n      xLTy,\n      yd,\n      Ctor = x.constructor,\n      pr = Ctor.precision;\n\n    // Return y negated if x is zero.\n    // Return x if y is zero and x is non-zero.\n    if (!x.s || !y.s) {\n      if (y.s) y.s = -y.s;else y = new Ctor(x);\n      return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    }\n    xd = x.d;\n    yd = y.d;\n\n    // x and y are non-zero numbers with the same sign.\n\n    e = y.e;\n    xe = x.e;\n    xd = xd.slice();\n    k = xe - e;\n\n    // If exponents differ...\n    if (k) {\n      xLTy = k < 0;\n      if (xLTy) {\n        d = xd;\n        k = -k;\n        len = yd.length;\n      } else {\n        d = yd;\n        e = xe;\n        len = xd.length;\n      }\n\n      // Numbers with massively different exponents would result in a very high number of zeros\n      // needing to be prepended, but this can be avoided while still ensuring correct rounding by\n      // limiting the number of zeros to `Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE) + 2`.\n      i = Math.max(Math.ceil(pr / LOG_BASE), len) + 2;\n      if (k > i) {\n        k = i;\n        d.length = 1;\n      }\n\n      // Prepend zeros to equalise exponents.\n      d.reverse();\n      for (i = k; i--;) {\n        d.push(0);\n      }\n      d.reverse();\n\n      // Base 1e7 exponents equal.\n    } else {\n      // Check digits to determine which is the bigger number.\n\n      i = xd.length;\n      len = yd.length;\n      xLTy = i < len;\n      if (xLTy) len = i;\n      for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        if (xd[i] != yd[i]) {\n          xLTy = xd[i] < yd[i];\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      k = 0;\n    }\n    if (xLTy) {\n      d = xd;\n      xd = yd;\n      yd = d;\n      y.s = -y.s;\n    }\n    len = xd.length;\n\n    // Append zeros to xd if shorter.\n    // Don't add zeros to yd if shorter as subtraction only needs to start at yd length.\n    for (i = yd.length - len; i > 0; --i) {\n      xd[len++] = 0;\n    }\n\n    // Subtract yd from xd.\n    for (i = yd.length; i > k;) {\n      if (xd[--i] < yd[i]) {\n        for (j = i; j && xd[--j] === 0;) {\n          xd[j] = BASE - 1;\n        }\n        --xd[j];\n        xd[i] += BASE;\n      }\n      xd[i] -= yd[i];\n    }\n\n    // Remove trailing zeros.\n    for (; xd[--len] === 0;) {\n      xd.pop();\n    }\n\n    // Remove leading zeros and adjust exponent accordingly.\n    for (; xd[0] === 0; xd.shift()) {\n      --e;\n    }\n\n    // Zero?\n    if (!xd[0]) return new Ctor(0);\n    y.d = xd;\n    y.e = e;\n\n    //return external && xd.length >= pr / LOG_BASE ? round(y, pr) : y;\n    return external ? round(y, pr) : y;\n  }\n  function toString(x, isExp, sd) {\n    var k,\n      e = getBase10Exponent(x),\n      str = digitsToString(x.d),\n      len = str.length;\n    if (isExp) {\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) {\n        str = str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1) + getZeroString(k);\n      } else if (len > 1) {\n        str = str.charAt(0) + '.' + str.slice(1);\n      }\n      str = str + (e < 0 ? 'e' : 'e+') + e;\n    } else if (e < 0) {\n      str = '0.' + getZeroString(-e - 1) + str;\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) str += getZeroString(k);\n    } else if (e >= len) {\n      str += getZeroString(e + 1 - len);\n      if (sd && (k = sd - e - 1) > 0) str = str + '.' + getZeroString(k);\n    } else {\n      if ((k = e + 1) < len) str = str.slice(0, k) + '.' + str.slice(k);\n      if (sd && (k = sd - len) > 0) {\n        if (e + 1 === len) str += '.';\n        str += getZeroString(k);\n      }\n    }\n    return x.s < 0 ? '-' + str : str;\n  }\n\n  // Does not strip trailing zeros.\n  function truncate(arr, len) {\n    if (arr.length > len) {\n      arr.length = len;\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Decimal methods\n\n  /*\r\n   *  clone\r\n   *  config/set\r\n   */\n\n  /*\r\n   * Create and return a Decimal constructor with the same configuration properties as this Decimal\r\n   * constructor.\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function clone(obj) {\n    var i, p, ps;\n\n    /*\r\n     * The Decimal constructor and exported function.\r\n     * Return a new Decimal instance.\r\n     *\r\n     * value {number|string|Decimal} A numeric value.\r\n     *\r\n     */\n    function Decimal(value) {\n      var x = this;\n\n      // Decimal called without new.\n      if (!(x instanceof Decimal)) return new Decimal(value);\n\n      // Retain a reference to this Decimal constructor, and shadow Decimal.prototype.constructor\n      // which points to Object.\n      x.constructor = Decimal;\n\n      // Duplicate.\n      if (value instanceof Decimal) {\n        x.s = value.s;\n        x.e = value.e;\n        x.d = (value = value.d) ? value.slice() : value;\n        return;\n      }\n      if (typeof value === 'number') {\n        // Reject Infinity/NaN.\n        if (value * 0 !== 0) {\n          throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n        }\n        if (value > 0) {\n          x.s = 1;\n        } else if (value < 0) {\n          value = -value;\n          x.s = -1;\n        } else {\n          x.s = 0;\n          x.e = 0;\n          x.d = [0];\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // Fast path for small integers.\n        if (value === ~~value && value < 1e7) {\n          x.e = 0;\n          x.d = [value];\n          return;\n        }\n        return parseDecimal(x, value.toString());\n      } else if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n        throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n      }\n\n      // Minus sign?\n      if (value.charCodeAt(0) === 45) {\n        value = value.slice(1);\n        x.s = -1;\n      } else {\n        x.s = 1;\n      }\n      if (isDecimal.test(value)) parseDecimal(x, value);else throw Error(invalidArgument + value);\n    }\n    Decimal.prototype = P;\n    Decimal.ROUND_UP = 0;\n    Decimal.ROUND_DOWN = 1;\n    Decimal.ROUND_CEIL = 2;\n    Decimal.ROUND_FLOOR = 3;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP = 4;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN = 5;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN = 6;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_CEIL = 7;\n    Decimal.ROUND_HALF_FLOOR = 8;\n    Decimal.clone = clone;\n    Decimal.config = Decimal.set = config;\n    if (obj === void 0) obj = {};\n    if (obj) {\n      ps = ['precision', 'rounding', 'toExpNeg', 'toExpPos', 'LN10'];\n      for (i = 0; i < ps.length;) {\n        if (!obj.hasOwnProperty(p = ps[i++])) obj[p] = this[p];\n      }\n    }\n    Decimal.config(obj);\n    return Decimal;\n  }\n\n  /*\r\n   * Configure global settings for a Decimal constructor.\r\n   *\r\n   * `obj` is an object with one or more of the following properties,\r\n   *\r\n   *   precision  {number}\r\n   *   rounding   {number}\r\n   *   toExpNeg   {number}\r\n   *   toExpPos   {number}\r\n   *\r\n   * E.g. Decimal.config({ precision: 20, rounding: 4 })\r\n   *\r\n   */\n  function config(obj) {\n    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {\n      throw Error(decimalError + 'Object expected');\n    }\n    var i,\n      p,\n      v,\n      ps = ['precision', 1, MAX_DIGITS, 'rounding', 0, 8, 'toExpNeg', -1 / 0, 0, 'toExpPos', 0, 1 / 0];\n    for (i = 0; i < ps.length; i += 3) {\n      if ((v = obj[p = ps[i]]) !== void 0) {\n        if (mathfloor(v) === v && v >= ps[i + 1] && v <= ps[i + 2]) this[p] = v;else throw Error(invalidArgument + p + ': ' + v);\n      }\n    }\n    if ((v = obj[p = 'LN10']) !== void 0) {\n      if (v == Math.LN10) this[p] = new this(v);else throw Error(invalidArgument + p + ': ' + v);\n    }\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  // Create and configure initial Decimal constructor.\n  Decimal = clone(Decimal);\n  Decimal['default'] = Decimal.Decimal = Decimal;\n\n  // Internal constant.\n  ONE = new Decimal(1);\n\n  // Export.\n\n  // AMD.\n  if (typeof define == 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return Decimal;\n    });\n\n    // Node and other environments that support module.exports.\n  } else if (typeof module != 'undefined' && module.exports) {\n    module.exports = Decimal;\n\n    // Browser.\n  } else {\n    if (!globalScope) {\n      globalScope = typeof self != 'undefined' && self && self.self == self ? self : Function('return this')();\n    }\n    globalScope.Decimal = Decimal;\n  }\n})(this);","require(\"core-js/modules/esnext.global-this.js\");\n(function (global, factory) {\n  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) : (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, factory(global[\"fast-equals\"] = {}));\n})(this, function (exports) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  var HAS_WEAKSET_SUPPORT = typeof WeakSet === 'function';\n  var keys = Object.keys;\n  /**\r\n   * are the values passed strictly equal or both NaN\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the value to compare against\r\n   * @param b the value to test\r\n   * @returns are the values equal by the SameValueZero principle\r\n   */\n  function sameValueZeroEqual(a, b) {\n    return a === b || a !== a && b !== b;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value a plain object\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value a plain object\r\n   */\n  function isPlainObject(value) {\n    return value.constructor === Object || value.constructor == null;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value promise-like (meaning it is thenable)\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value promise-like\r\n   */\n  function isPromiseLike(value) {\n    return !!value && typeof value.then === 'function';\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * is the value passed a react element\r\n   *\r\n   * @param value the value to test\r\n   * @returns is the value a react element\r\n   */\n  function isReactElement(value) {\n    return !!(value && value.$$typeof);\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * in cases where WeakSet is not supported, creates a new custom\r\n   * object that mimics the necessary API aspects for cache purposes\r\n   *\r\n   * @returns the new cache object\r\n   */\n  function getNewCacheFallback() {\n    var values = [];\n    return {\n      add: function add(value) {\n        values.push(value);\n      },\n      has: function has(value) {\n        return values.indexOf(value) !== -1;\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * get a new cache object to prevent circular references\r\n   *\r\n   * @returns the new cache object\r\n   */\n  var getNewCache = function (canUseWeakMap) {\n    if (canUseWeakMap) {\n      return function _getNewCache() {\n        return new WeakSet();\n      };\n    }\n    return getNewCacheFallback;\n  }(HAS_WEAKSET_SUPPORT);\n  /**\r\n   * create a custom isEqual handler specific to circular objects\r\n   *\r\n   * @param [isEqual] the isEqual comparator to use instead of isDeepEqual\r\n   * @returns the method to create the `isEqual` function\r\n   */\n  function createCircularEqualCreator(isEqual) {\n    return function createCircularEqual(comparator) {\n      var _comparator = isEqual || comparator;\n      return function circularEqual(a, b, cache) {\n        if (cache === void 0) {\n          cache = getNewCache();\n        }\n        var isCacheableA = !!a && typeof a === 'object';\n        var isCacheableB = !!b && typeof b === 'object';\n        if (isCacheableA || isCacheableB) {\n          var hasA = isCacheableA && cache.has(a);\n          var hasB = isCacheableB && cache.has(b);\n          if (hasA || hasB) {\n            return hasA && hasB;\n          }\n          if (isCacheableA) {\n            cache.add(a);\n          }\n          if (isCacheableB) {\n            cache.add(b);\n          }\n        }\n        return _comparator(a, b, cache);\n      };\n    };\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the arrays equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the array to test\r\n   * @param b the array to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta object to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the arrays equal\r\n   */\n  function areArraysEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var index = a.length;\n    if (b.length !== index) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    while (index-- > 0) {\n      if (!isEqual(a[index], b[index], meta)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the maps equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the map to test\r\n   * @param b the map to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta map to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the maps equal\r\n   */\n  function areMapsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var isValueEqual = a.size === b.size;\n    if (isValueEqual && a.size) {\n      var matchedIndices_1 = {};\n      a.forEach(function (aValue, aKey) {\n        if (isValueEqual) {\n          var hasMatch_1 = false;\n          var matchIndex_1 = 0;\n          b.forEach(function (bValue, bKey) {\n            if (!hasMatch_1 && !matchedIndices_1[matchIndex_1]) {\n              hasMatch_1 = isEqual(aKey, bKey, meta) && isEqual(aValue, bValue, meta);\n              if (hasMatch_1) {\n                matchedIndices_1[matchIndex_1] = true;\n              }\n            }\n            matchIndex_1++;\n          });\n          isValueEqual = hasMatch_1;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    return isValueEqual;\n  }\n  var OWNER = '_owner';\n  var hasOwnProperty = Function.prototype.bind.call(Function.prototype.call, Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty);\n  /**\r\n   * are the objects equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the object to test\r\n   * @param b the object to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta object to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the objects equal\r\n   */\n  function areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var keysA = keys(a);\n    var index = keysA.length;\n    if (keys(b).length !== index) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    if (index) {\n      var key = void 0;\n      while (index-- > 0) {\n        key = keysA[index];\n        if (key === OWNER) {\n          var reactElementA = isReactElement(a);\n          var reactElementB = isReactElement(b);\n          if ((reactElementA || reactElementB) && reactElementA !== reactElementB) {\n            return false;\n          }\n        }\n        if (!hasOwnProperty(b, key) || !isEqual(a[key], b[key], meta)) {\n          return false;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the regExps equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the regExp to test\r\n   * @param b the regExp to test agains\r\n   * @returns are the regExps equal\r\n   */\n  function areRegExpsEqual(a, b) {\n    return a.source === b.source && a.global === b.global && a.ignoreCase === b.ignoreCase && a.multiline === b.multiline && a.unicode === b.unicode && a.sticky === b.sticky && a.lastIndex === b.lastIndex;\n  }\n  /**\r\n   * are the sets equal in value\r\n   *\r\n   * @param a the set to test\r\n   * @param b the set to test against\r\n   * @param isEqual the comparator to determine equality\r\n   * @param meta the meta set to pass through\r\n   * @returns are the sets equal\r\n   */\n  function areSetsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta) {\n    var isValueEqual = a.size === b.size;\n    if (isValueEqual && a.size) {\n      var matchedIndices_2 = {};\n      a.forEach(function (aValue) {\n        if (isValueEqual) {\n          var hasMatch_2 = false;\n          var matchIndex_2 = 0;\n          b.forEach(function (bValue) {\n            if (!hasMatch_2 && !matchedIndices_2[matchIndex_2]) {\n              hasMatch_2 = isEqual(aValue, bValue, meta);\n              if (hasMatch_2) {\n                matchedIndices_2[matchIndex_2] = true;\n              }\n            }\n            matchIndex_2++;\n          });\n          isValueEqual = hasMatch_2;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    return isValueEqual;\n  }\n  var HAS_MAP_SUPPORT = typeof Map === 'function';\n  var HAS_SET_SUPPORT = typeof Set === 'function';\n  function createComparator(createIsEqual) {\n    var isEqual = /* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */\n    typeof createIsEqual === 'function' ? createIsEqual(comparator) : comparator;\n    /* eslint-enable */\n    /**\r\n     * compare the value of the two objects and return true if they are equivalent in values\r\n     *\r\n     * @param a the value to test against\r\n     * @param b the value to test\r\n     * @param [meta] an optional meta object that is passed through to all equality test calls\r\n     * @returns are a and b equivalent in value\r\n     */\n    function comparator(a, b, meta) {\n      if (a === b) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (a && b && typeof a === 'object' && typeof b === 'object') {\n        if (isPlainObject(a) && isPlainObject(b)) {\n          return areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n        }\n        var aShape = Array.isArray(a);\n        var bShape = Array.isArray(b);\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && areArraysEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n        }\n        aShape = a instanceof Date;\n        bShape = b instanceof Date;\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && sameValueZeroEqual(a.getTime(), b.getTime());\n        }\n        aShape = a instanceof RegExp;\n        bShape = b instanceof RegExp;\n        if (aShape || bShape) {\n          return aShape === bShape && areRegExpsEqual(a, b);\n        }\n        if (isPromiseLike(a) || isPromiseLike(b)) {\n          return a === b;\n        }\n        if (HAS_MAP_SUPPORT) {\n          aShape = a instanceof Map;\n          bShape = b instanceof Map;\n          if (aShape || bShape) {\n            return aShape === bShape && areMapsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n          }\n        }\n        if (HAS_SET_SUPPORT) {\n          aShape = a instanceof Set;\n          bShape = b instanceof Set;\n          if (aShape || bShape) {\n            return aShape === bShape && areSetsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n          }\n        }\n        return areObjectsEqual(a, b, isEqual, meta);\n      }\n      return a !== a && b !== b;\n    }\n    return comparator;\n  }\n  var deepEqual = createComparator();\n  var shallowEqual = createComparator(function () {\n    return sameValueZeroEqual;\n  });\n  var circularDeepEqual = createComparator(createCircularEqualCreator());\n  var circularShallowEqual = createComparator(createCircularEqualCreator(sameValueZeroEqual));\n  exports.circularDeepEqual = circularDeepEqual;\n  exports.circularShallowEqual = circularShallowEqual;\n  exports.createCustomEqual = createComparator;\n  exports.deepEqual = deepEqual;\n  exports.sameValueZeroEqual = sameValueZeroEqual;\n  exports.shallowEqual = shallowEqual;\n  Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', {\n    value: true\n  });\n});","(function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  if (self.fetch) {\n    return;\n  }\n  function normalizeName(name) {\n    if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n      name = name.toString();\n    }\n    if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.\\^_`|~]/i.test(name)) {\n      throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n    }\n    return name.toLowerCase();\n  }\n  function normalizeValue(value) {\n    if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n      value = value.toString();\n    }\n    return value;\n  }\n  function Headers(headers) {\n    this.map = {};\n    var self = this;\n    if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n      headers.forEach(function (name, values) {\n        values.forEach(function (value) {\n          self.append(name, value);\n        });\n      });\n    } else if (headers) {\n      Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n        self.append(name, headers[name]);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n    name = normalizeName(name);\n    value = normalizeValue(value);\n    var list = this.map[name];\n    if (!list) {\n      list = [];\n      this.map[name] = list;\n    }\n    list.push(value);\n  };\n  Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n    delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n    var values = this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n    return values ? values[0] : null;\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.getAll = function (name) {\n    return this.map[normalizeName(name)] || [];\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n    return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n  };\n  Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n    this.map[normalizeName(name)] = [normalizeValue(value)];\n  };\n\n  // Instead of iterable for now.\n  Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback) {\n    var self = this;\n    Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.map).forEach(function (name) {\n      callback(name, self.map[name]);\n    });\n  };\n  function consumed(body) {\n    if (body.bodyUsed) {\n      return fetch.Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n    }\n    body.bodyUsed = true;\n  }\n  function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n    return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n      reader.onload = function () {\n        resolve(reader.result);\n      };\n      reader.onerror = function () {\n        reject(reader.error);\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n    var reader = new FileReader();\n    reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n    return fileReaderReady(reader);\n  }\n  function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n    var reader = new FileReader();\n    reader.readAsText(blob);\n    return fileReaderReady(reader);\n  }\n  var support = {\n    blob: 'FileReader' in self && 'Blob' in self && function () {\n      try {\n        new Blob();\n        return true;\n      } catch (e) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }(),\n    formData: 'FormData' in self\n  };\n  function Body() {\n    this.bodyUsed = false;\n    this._initBody = function (body) {\n      this._bodyInit = body;\n      if (typeof body === 'string') {\n        this._bodyText = body;\n      } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n        this._bodyBlob = body;\n      } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n        this._bodyFormData = body;\n      } else if (!body) {\n        this._bodyText = '';\n      } else {\n        throw new Error('unsupported BodyInit type');\n      }\n    };\n    if (support.blob) {\n      this.blob = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        if (rejected) {\n          return rejected;\n        }\n        if (this._bodyBlob) {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n        } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n          throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n        } else {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n        }\n      };\n      this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n        return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n      };\n      this.text = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        if (rejected) {\n          return rejected;\n        }\n        if (this._bodyBlob) {\n          return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n        } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n          throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n        } else {\n          return fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n        }\n      };\n    } else {\n      this.text = function () {\n        var rejected = consumed(this);\n        return rejected ? rejected : fetch.Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n      };\n    }\n    if (support.formData) {\n      this.formData = function () {\n        return this.text().then(decode);\n      };\n    }\n    this.json = function () {\n      return this.text().then(function (text) {\n        return JSON.parse(text);\n      });\n    };\n    return this;\n  }\n\n  // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n  var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n  function normalizeMethod(method) {\n    var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n    return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n  }\n  function Request(url, options) {\n    options = options || {};\n    this.url = url;\n    this.credentials = options.credentials || 'omit';\n    this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n    this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || 'GET');\n    this.mode = options.mode || null;\n    this.referrer = null;\n    if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && options.body) {\n      throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n    }\n    this._initBody(options.body);\n  }\n  function decode(body) {\n    var form = new FormData();\n    body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n      if (bytes) {\n        var split = bytes.split('=');\n        var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n        var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n        form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n      }\n    });\n    return form;\n  }\n  function headers(xhr) {\n    var head = new Headers();\n    var pairs = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders().trim().split('\\n');\n    pairs.forEach(function (header) {\n      var split = header.trim().split(':');\n      var key = split.shift().trim();\n      var value = split.join(':').trim();\n      head.append(key, value);\n    });\n    return head;\n  }\n  var noXhrPatch = typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject && !(window.XMLHttpRequest && new XMLHttpRequest().dispatchEvent);\n  function getXhr() {\n    // from backbone.js 1.1.2\n    // https://github.com/jashkenas/backbone/blob/1.1.2/backbone.js#L1181\n    if (noXhrPatch && !/^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i.test(this.method)) {\n      this.usingActiveXhr = true;\n      return new ActiveXObject(\"Microsoft.XMLHTTP\");\n    }\n    return new XMLHttpRequest();\n  }\n  Body.call(Request.prototype);\n  function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n    if (!options) {\n      options = {};\n    }\n    this._initBody(bodyInit);\n    this.type = 'default';\n    this.url = null;\n    this.status = options.status;\n    this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n    this.statusText = options.statusText;\n    this.headers = options.headers instanceof Headers ? options.headers : new Headers(options.headers);\n    this.url = options.url || '';\n  }\n  Body.call(Response.prototype);\n  self.Headers = Headers;\n  self.Request = Request;\n  self.Response = Response;\n  self.fetch = function (input, init) {\n    // TODO: Request constructor should accept input, init\n    var request;\n    if (Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input) && !init) {\n      request = input;\n    } else {\n      request = new Request(input, init);\n    }\n    return new fetch.Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n      var xhr = getXhr();\n      if (request.credentials === 'cors') {\n        xhr.withCredentials = true;\n      }\n      function responseURL() {\n        if ('responseURL' in xhr) {\n          return xhr.responseURL;\n        }\n\n        // Avoid security warnings on getResponseHeader when not allowed by CORS\n        if (/^X-Request-URL:/m.test(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders())) {\n          return xhr.getResponseHeader('X-Request-URL');\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n      function onload() {\n        if (xhr.readyState !== 4) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;\n        if (status < 100 || status > 599) {\n          reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n          return;\n        }\n        var options = {\n          status: status,\n          statusText: xhr.statusText,\n          headers: headers(xhr),\n          url: responseURL()\n        };\n        var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n        resolve(new Response(body, options));\n      }\n      xhr.onreadystatechange = onload;\n      if (!self.usingActiveXhr) {\n        xhr.onload = onload;\n        xhr.onerror = function () {\n          reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n        };\n      }\n      xhr.open(request.method, request.url, true);\n      if ('responseType' in xhr && support.blob) {\n        xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n      }\n      request.headers.forEach(function (name, values) {\n        values.forEach(function (value) {\n          xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n        });\n      });\n      xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n    });\n  };\n  fetch.Promise = self.Promise; // you could change it to your favorite alternative\n  self.fetch.polyfill = true;\n})();","require(\"core-js/modules/esnext.global-this.js\");\n(function (global) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  function fetchPonyfill(options) {\n    var Promise = options && options.Promise || global.Promise;\n    var XMLHttpRequest = options && options.XMLHttpRequest || global.XMLHttpRequest;\n    return function () {\n      var globalThis = Object.create(global, {\n        fetch: {\n          value: undefined,\n          writable: true\n        }\n      });\n      (function (global, factory) {\n        typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) : factory(global.WHATWGFetch = {});\n      })(this, function (exports) {\n        'use strict';\n\n        var global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' && globalThis || typeof self !== 'undefined' && self || typeof global !== 'undefined' && global;\n        var support = {\n          searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in global,\n          iterable: 'Symbol' in global && 'iterator' in Symbol,\n          blob: 'FileReader' in global && 'Blob' in global && function () {\n            try {\n              new Blob();\n              return true;\n            } catch (e) {\n              return false;\n            }\n          }(),\n          formData: 'FormData' in global,\n          arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in global\n        };\n        function isDataView(obj) {\n          return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj);\n        }\n        if (support.arrayBuffer) {\n          var viewClasses = ['[object Int8Array]', '[object Uint8Array]', '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', '[object Int16Array]', '[object Uint16Array]', '[object Int32Array]', '[object Uint32Array]', '[object Float32Array]', '[object Float64Array]'];\n          var isArrayBufferView = ArrayBuffer.isView || function (obj) {\n            return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1;\n          };\n        }\n        function normalizeName(name) {\n          if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n            name = String(name);\n          }\n          if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.^_`|~!]/i.test(name) || name === '') {\n            throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n          }\n          return name.toLowerCase();\n        }\n        function normalizeValue(value) {\n          if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n            value = String(value);\n          }\n          return value;\n        }\n\n        // Build a destructive iterator for the value list\n        function iteratorFor(items) {\n          var iterator = {\n            next: function next() {\n              var value = items.shift();\n              return {\n                done: value === undefined,\n                value: value\n              };\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.iterable) {\n            iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function () {\n              return iterator;\n            };\n          }\n          return iterator;\n        }\n        function Headers(headers) {\n          this.map = {};\n          if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n            headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              this.append(name, value);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {\n            headers.forEach(function (header) {\n              this.append(header[0], header[1]);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (headers) {\n            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n              this.append(name, headers[name]);\n            }, this);\n          }\n        }\n        Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          value = normalizeValue(value);\n          var oldValue = this.map[name];\n          this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ', ' + value : value;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n          delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n          return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n          this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {\n          for (var name in this.map) {\n            if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\n              callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);\n            }\n          }\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.keys = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push(name);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.values = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value) {\n            items.push(value);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.entries = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push([name, value]);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        if (support.iterable) {\n          Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;\n        }\n        function consumed(body) {\n          if (body.bodyUsed) {\n            return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n          }\n          body.bodyUsed = true;\n        }\n        function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            reader.onload = function () {\n              resolve(reader.result);\n            };\n            reader.onerror = function () {\n              reject(reader.error);\n            };\n          });\n        }\n        function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsText(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {\n          var view = new Uint8Array(buf);\n          var chars = new Array(view.length);\n          for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {\n            chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);\n          }\n          return chars.join('');\n        }\n        function bufferClone(buf) {\n          if (buf.slice) {\n            return buf.slice(0);\n          } else {\n            var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);\n            view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));\n            return view.buffer;\n          }\n        }\n        function Body() {\n          this.bodyUsed = false;\n          this._initBody = function (body) {\n            /*\n              fetch-mock wraps the Response object in an ES6 Proxy to\n              provide useful test harness features such as flush. However, on\n              ES5 browsers without fetch or Proxy support pollyfills must be used;\n              the proxy-pollyfill is unable to proxy an attribute unless it exists\n              on the object before the Proxy is created. This change ensures\n              Response.bodyUsed exists on the instance, while maintaining the\n              semantic of setting Request.bodyUsed in the constructor before\n              _initBody is called.\n            */\n            this.bodyUsed = this.bodyUsed;\n            this._bodyInit = body;\n            if (!body) {\n              this._bodyText = '';\n            } else if (typeof body === 'string') {\n              this._bodyText = body;\n            } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyBlob = body;\n            } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyFormData = body;\n            } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyText = body.toString();\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer);\n              // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.\n              this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);\n            } else {\n              this._bodyText = body = Object.prototype.toString.call(body);\n            }\n            if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {\n              if (typeof body === 'string') {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');\n              } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);\n              } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');\n              }\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.blob) {\n            this.blob = function () {\n              var rejected = consumed(this);\n              if (rejected) {\n                return rejected;\n              }\n              if (this._bodyBlob) {\n                return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n              } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]));\n              } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n                throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n              } else {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n              }\n            };\n            this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n              if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                var isConsumed = consumed(this);\n                if (isConsumed) {\n                  return isConsumed;\n                }\n                if (ArrayBuffer.isView(this._bodyArrayBuffer)) {\n                  return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer.buffer.slice(this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset, this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteOffset + this._bodyArrayBuffer.byteLength));\n                } else {\n                  return Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer);\n                }\n              } else {\n                return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n              }\n            };\n          }\n          this.text = function () {\n            var rejected = consumed(this);\n            if (rejected) {\n              return rejected;\n            }\n            if (this._bodyBlob) {\n              return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n            } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n              return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer));\n            } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n              throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n            } else {\n              return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.formData) {\n            this.formData = function () {\n              return this.text().then(decode);\n            };\n          }\n          this.json = function () {\n            return this.text().then(JSON.parse);\n          };\n          return this;\n        }\n\n        // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n        var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n        function normalizeMethod(method) {\n          var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n          return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n        }\n        function Request(input, options) {\n          if (!(this instanceof Request)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Please use the \"new\" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');\n          }\n          options = options || {};\n          var body = options.body;\n          if (input instanceof Request) {\n            if (input.bodyUsed) {\n              throw new TypeError('Already read');\n            }\n            this.url = input.url;\n            this.credentials = input.credentials;\n            if (!options.headers) {\n              this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);\n            }\n            this.method = input.method;\n            this.mode = input.mode;\n            this.signal = input.signal;\n            if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {\n              body = input._bodyInit;\n              input.bodyUsed = true;\n            }\n          } else {\n            this.url = String(input);\n          }\n          this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'same-origin';\n          if (options.headers || !this.headers) {\n            this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          }\n          this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');\n          this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;\n          this.signal = options.signal || this.signal;\n          this.referrer = null;\n          if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {\n            throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n          }\n          this._initBody(body);\n          if (this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') {\n            if (options.cache === 'no-store' || options.cache === 'no-cache') {\n              // Search for a '_' parameter in the query string\n              var reParamSearch = /([?&])_=[^&]*/;\n              if (reParamSearch.test(this.url)) {\n                // If it already exists then set the value with the current time\n                this.url = this.url.replace(reParamSearch, '$1_=' + new Date().getTime());\n              } else {\n                // Otherwise add a new '_' parameter to the end with the current time\n                var reQueryString = /\\?/;\n                this.url += (reQueryString.test(this.url) ? '&' : '?') + '_=' + new Date().getTime();\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        Request.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Request(this, {\n            body: this._bodyInit\n          });\n        };\n        function decode(body) {\n          var form = new FormData();\n          body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n            if (bytes) {\n              var split = bytes.split('=');\n              var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n            }\n          });\n          return form;\n        }\n        function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {\n          var headers = new Headers();\n          // Replace instances of \\r\\n and \\n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space\n          // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2\n          var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\\r?\\n[\\t ]+/g, ' ');\n          // Avoiding split via regex to work around a common IE11 bug with the core-js 3.6.0 regex polyfill\n          // https://github.com/github/fetch/issues/748\n          // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/751\n          preProcessedHeaders.split('\\r').map(function (header) {\n            return header.indexOf('\\n') === 0 ? header.substr(1, header.length) : header;\n          }).forEach(function (line) {\n            var parts = line.split(':');\n            var key = parts.shift().trim();\n            if (key) {\n              var value = parts.join(':').trim();\n              headers.append(key, value);\n            }\n          });\n          return headers;\n        }\n        Body.call(Request.prototype);\n        function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n          if (!(this instanceof Response)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Please use the \"new\" operator, this DOM object constructor cannot be called as a function.');\n          }\n          if (!options) {\n            options = {};\n          }\n          this.type = 'default';\n          this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;\n          this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n          this.statusText = 'statusText' in options ? options.statusText : '';\n          this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          this.url = options.url || '';\n          this._initBody(bodyInit);\n        }\n        Body.call(Response.prototype);\n        Response.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Response(this._bodyInit, {\n            status: this.status,\n            statusText: this.statusText,\n            headers: new Headers(this.headers),\n            url: this.url\n          });\n        };\n        Response.error = function () {\n          var response = new Response(null, {\n            status: 0,\n            statusText: ''\n          });\n          response.type = 'error';\n          return response;\n        };\n        var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];\n        Response.redirect = function (url, status) {\n          if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {\n            throw new RangeError('Invalid status code');\n          }\n          return new Response(null, {\n            status: status,\n            headers: {\n              location: url\n            }\n          });\n        };\n        exports.DOMException = global.DOMException;\n        try {\n          new exports.DOMException();\n        } catch (err) {\n          exports.DOMException = function (message, name) {\n            this.message = message;\n            this.name = name;\n            var error = Error(message);\n            this.stack = error.stack;\n          };\n          exports.DOMException.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n          exports.DOMException.prototype.constructor = exports.DOMException;\n        }\n        function fetch(input, init) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            var request = new Request(input, init);\n            if (request.signal && request.signal.aborted) {\n              return reject(new exports.DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError'));\n            }\n            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\n            function abortXhr() {\n              xhr.abort();\n            }\n            xhr.onload = function () {\n              var options = {\n                status: xhr.status,\n                statusText: xhr.statusText,\n                headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')\n              };\n              options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');\n              var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                resolve(new Response(body, options));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.onerror = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.ontimeout = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            xhr.onabort = function () {\n              setTimeout(function () {\n                reject(new exports.DOMException('Aborted', 'AbortError'));\n              }, 0);\n            };\n            function fixUrl(url) {\n              try {\n                return url === '' && global.location.href ? global.location.href : url;\n              } catch (e) {\n                return url;\n              }\n            }\n            xhr.open(request.method, fixUrl(request.url), true);\n            if (request.credentials === 'include') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = true;\n            } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = false;\n            }\n            if ('responseType' in xhr) {\n              if (support.blob) {\n                xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n              } else if (support.arrayBuffer && request.headers.get('Content-Type') && request.headers.get('Content-Type').indexOf('application/octet-stream') !== -1) {\n                xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';\n              }\n            }\n            if (init && typeof init.headers === 'object' && !(init.headers instanceof Headers)) {\n              Object.getOwnPropertyNames(init.headers).forEach(function (name) {\n                xhr.setRequestHeader(name, normalizeValue(init.headers[name]));\n              });\n            } else {\n              request.headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n                xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n              });\n            }\n            if (request.signal) {\n              request.signal.addEventListener('abort', abortXhr);\n              xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {\n                // DONE (success or failure)\n                if (xhr.readyState === 4) {\n                  request.signal.removeEventListener('abort', abortXhr);\n                }\n              };\n            }\n            xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n          });\n        }\n        fetch.polyfill = true;\n        if (!global.fetch) {\n          global.fetch = fetch;\n          global.Headers = Headers;\n          global.Request = Request;\n          global.Response = Response;\n        }\n        exports.Headers = Headers;\n        exports.Request = Request;\n        exports.Response = Response;\n        exports.fetch = fetch;\n        Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', {\n          value: true\n        });\n      });\n      return {\n        fetch: globalThis.fetch,\n        Headers: globalThis.Headers,\n        Request: globalThis.Request,\n        Response: globalThis.Response,\n        DOMException: globalThis.DOMException\n      };\n    }();\n  }\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return fetchPonyfill;\n    });\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    module.exports = fetchPonyfill;\n  } else {\n    global.fetchPonyfill = fetchPonyfill;\n  }\n})(typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this);","(function (global, factory) {\n  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory() : typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(factory) : factory();\n})(this, function () {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Applies the :focus-visible polyfill at the given scope.\n   * A scope in this case is either the top-level Document or a Shadow Root.\n   *\n   * @param {(Document|ShadowRoot)} scope\n   * @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible\n   */\n  function applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(scope) {\n    var hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    var hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n    var hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\n    var inputTypesAllowlist = {\n      text: true,\n      search: true,\n      url: true,\n      tel: true,\n      email: true,\n      password: true,\n      number: true,\n      date: true,\n      month: true,\n      week: true,\n      time: true,\n      datetime: true,\n      'datetime-local': true\n    };\n\n    /**\n     * Helper function for legacy browsers and iframes which sometimes focus\n     * elements like document, body, and non-interactive SVG.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function isValidFocusTarget(el) {\n      if (el && el !== document && el.nodeName !== 'HTML' && el.nodeName !== 'BODY' && 'classList' in el && 'contains' in el.classList) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n     * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n     * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     * @return {boolean}\n     */\n    function focusTriggersKeyboardModality(el) {\n      var type = el.type;\n      var tagName = el.tagName;\n      if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesAllowlist[type] && !el.readOnly) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !el.readOnly) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      if (el.isContentEditable) {\n        return true;\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Add the `focus-visible` class to the given element if it was not added by\n     * the author.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function addFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n      if (el.classList.contains('focus-visible')) {\n        return;\n      }\n      el.classList.add('focus-visible');\n      el.setAttribute('data-focus-visible-added', '');\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Remove the `focus-visible` class from the given element if it was not\n     * originally added by the author.\n     * @param {Element} el\n     */\n    function removeFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n      if (!el.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n        return;\n      }\n      el.classList.remove('focus-visible');\n      el.removeAttribute('data-focus-visible-added');\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n     * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n     * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n     * Apply `focus-visible` to any current active element and keep track\n     * of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n     * @param {KeyboardEvent} e\n     */\n    function onKeyDown(e) {\n      if (e.metaKey || e.altKey || e.ctrlKey) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (isValidFocusTarget(scope.activeElement)) {\n        addFocusVisibleClass(scope.activeElement);\n      }\n      hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n     * the modality away from keyboard.\n     * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n     * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n     * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onPointerDown(e) {\n      hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * On `focus`, add the `focus-visible` class to the target if:\n     * - the target received focus as a result of keyboard navigation, or\n     * - the event target is an element that will likely require interaction\n     *   via the keyboard (e.g. a text box)\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onFocus(e) {\n      // Prevent IE from focusing the document or HTML element.\n      if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(e.target)) {\n        addFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * On `blur`, remove the `focus-visible` class from the target.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onBlur(e) {\n      if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (e.target.classList.contains('focus-visible') || e.target.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n        // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n        // rapidly by a visibility change.\n        // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n        // regular focus change.\n        hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n        window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n        hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {\n          hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n        }, 100);\n        removeFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * If the user changes tabs, keep track of whether or not the previously\n     * focused element had .focus-visible.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onVisibilityChange(e) {\n      if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n        // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n        // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n        // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n        // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n        if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n          hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n        }\n        addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n      }\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Add a group of listeners to detect usage of any pointing devices.\n     * These listeners will be added when the polyfill first loads, and anytime\n     * the window is blurred, so that they are active when the window regains\n     * focus.\n     */\n    function addInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n      document.addEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.addEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n    }\n    function removeInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n      document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n      document.removeEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * When the polfyill first loads, assume the user is in keyboard modality.\n     * If any event is received from a pointing device (e.g. mouse, pointer,\n     * touch), turn off keyboard modality.\n     * This accounts for situations where focus enters the page from the URL bar.\n     * @param {Event} e\n     */\n    function onInitialPointerMove(e) {\n      // Work around a Safari quirk that fires a mousemove on <html> whenever the\n      // window blurs, even if you're tabbing out of the page. ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n      if (e.target.nodeName && e.target.nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'html') {\n        return;\n      }\n      hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n      removeInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n    }\n\n    // For some kinds of state, we are interested in changes at the global scope\n    // only. For example, global pointer input, global key presses and global\n    // visibility change should affect the state at every scope:\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown, true);\n    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibilityChange, true);\n    addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n\n    // For focus and blur, we specifically care about state changes in the local\n    // scope. This is because focus / blur events that originate from within a\n    // shadow root are not re-dispatched from the host element if it was already\n    // the active element in its own scope:\n    scope.addEventListener('focus', onFocus, true);\n    scope.addEventListener('blur', onBlur, true);\n\n    // We detect that a node is a ShadowRoot by ensuring that it is a\n    // DocumentFragment and also has a host property. This check covers native\n    // implementation and polyfill implementation transparently. If we only cared\n    // about the native implementation, we could just check if the scope was\n    // an instance of a ShadowRoot.\n    if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE && scope.host) {\n      // Since a ShadowRoot is a special kind of DocumentFragment, it does not\n      // have a root element to add a class to. So, we add this attribute to the\n      // host element instead:\n      scope.host.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n    } else if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_NODE) {\n      document.documentElement.classList.add('js-focus-visible');\n      document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n    }\n  }\n\n  // It is important to wrap all references to global window and document in\n  // these checks to support server-side rendering use cases\n  // @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/issues/199\n  if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n    // Make the polyfill helper globally available. This can be used as a signal\n    // to interested libraries that wish to coordinate with the polyfill for e.g.,\n    // applying the polyfill to a shadow root:\n    window.applyFocusVisiblePolyfill = applyFocusVisiblePolyfill;\n\n    // Notify interested libraries of the polyfill's presence, in case the\n    // polyfill was loaded lazily:\n    var event;\n    try {\n      event = new CustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready');\n    } catch (error) {\n      // IE11 does not support using CustomEvent as a constructor directly:\n      event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent');\n      event.initCustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready', false, false, {});\n    }\n    window.dispatchEvent(event);\n  }\n  if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n    // Apply the polyfill to the global document, so that no JavaScript\n    // coordination is required to use the polyfill in the top-level document:\n    applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(document);\n  }\n});","/* eslint-env browser */\nmodule.exports = typeof self == 'object' ? self.FormData : window.FormData;","import defineProperty from \"./defineProperty.js\";\nexport default function _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? Object(arguments[i]) : {};\n    var ownKeys = Object.keys(source);\n    if (typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols === 'function') {\n      ownKeys.push.apply(ownKeys, Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source).filter(function (sym) {\n        return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, sym).enumerable;\n      }));\n    }\n    ownKeys.forEach(function (key) {\n      defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n    });\n  }\n  return target;\n}","import _typeof from \"./typeof.js\";\nimport assertThisInitialized from \"./assertThisInitialized.js\";\nexport default function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  } else if (call !== void 0) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Derived constructors may only return object or undefined\");\n  }\n  return assertThisInitialized(self);\n}","export default function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf.bind() : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}","import setPrototypeOf from \"./setPrototypeOf.js\";\nexport default function _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  Object.defineProperty(subClass, \"prototype\", {\n    writable: false\n  });\n  if (superClass) setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}","import _typeof from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/typeof';\nimport _objectSpread from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectSpread';\nimport _classCallCheck from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck';\nimport _createClass from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/createClass';\nimport _possibleConstructorReturn from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/possibleConstructorReturn';\nimport _getPrototypeOf from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/getPrototypeOf';\nimport _assertThisInitialized from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/assertThisInitialized';\nimport _inherits from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/inherits';\nvar consoleLogger = {\n  type: 'logger',\n  log: function log(args) {\n    this.output('log', args);\n  },\n  warn: function warn(args) {\n    this.output('warn', args);\n  },\n  error: function error(args) {\n    this.output('error', args);\n  },\n  output: function output(type, args) {\n    if (console && console[type]) console[type].apply(console, args);\n  }\n};\nvar Logger = function () {\n  function Logger(concreteLogger) {\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Logger);\n    this.init(concreteLogger, options);\n  }\n  _createClass(Logger, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init(concreteLogger) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      this.prefix = options.prefix || 'i18next:';\n      this.logger = concreteLogger || consoleLogger;\n      this.options = options;\n      this.debug = options.debug;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"setDebug\",\n    value: function setDebug(bool) {\n      this.debug = bool;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"log\",\n    value: function log() {\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'log', '', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"warn\",\n    value: function warn() {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'warn', '', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"error\",\n    value: function error() {\n      for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n        args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'error', '');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"deprecate\",\n    value: function deprecate() {\n      for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n        args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n      }\n      return this.forward(args, 'warn', 'WARNING DEPRECATED: ', true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"forward\",\n    value: function forward(args, lvl, prefix, debugOnly) {\n      if (debugOnly && !this.debug) return null;\n      if (typeof args[0] === 'string') args[0] = \"\".concat(prefix).concat(this.prefix, \" \").concat(args[0]);\n      return this.logger[lvl](args);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"create\",\n    value: function create(moduleName) {\n      return new Logger(this.logger, _objectSpread({}, {\n        prefix: \"\".concat(this.prefix, \":\").concat(moduleName, \":\")\n      }, this.options));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Logger;\n}();\nvar baseLogger = new Logger();\nvar EventEmitter = function () {\n  function EventEmitter() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, EventEmitter);\n    this.observers = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(EventEmitter, [{\n    key: \"on\",\n    value: function on(events, listener) {\n      var _this = this;\n      events.split(' ').forEach(function (event) {\n        _this.observers[event] = _this.observers[event] || [];\n        _this.observers[event].push(listener);\n      });\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"off\",\n    value: function off(event, listener) {\n      if (!this.observers[event]) return;\n      if (!listener) {\n        delete this.observers[event];\n        return;\n      }\n      this.observers[event] = this.observers[event].filter(function (l) {\n        return l !== listener;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"emit\",\n    value: function emit(event) {\n      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n        args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n      }\n      if (this.observers[event]) {\n        var cloned = [].concat(this.observers[event]);\n        cloned.forEach(function (observer) {\n          observer.apply(void 0, args);\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.observers['*']) {\n        var _cloned = [].concat(this.observers['*']);\n        _cloned.forEach(function (observer) {\n          observer.apply(observer, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }]);\n  return EventEmitter;\n}();\nfunction defer() {\n  var res;\n  var rej;\n  var promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n    res = resolve;\n    rej = reject;\n  });\n  promise.resolve = res;\n  promise.reject = rej;\n  return promise;\n}\nfunction makeString(object) {\n  if (object == null) return '';\n  return '' + object;\n}\nfunction copy(a, s, t) {\n  a.forEach(function (m) {\n    if (s[m]) t[m] = s[m];\n  });\n}\nfunction getLastOfPath(object, path, Empty) {\n  function cleanKey(key) {\n    return key && key.indexOf('###') > -1 ? key.replace(/###/g, '.') : key;\n  }\n  function canNotTraverseDeeper() {\n    return !object || typeof object === 'string';\n  }\n  var stack = typeof path !== 'string' ? [].concat(path) : path.split('.');\n  while (stack.length > 1) {\n    if (canNotTraverseDeeper()) return {};\n    var key = cleanKey(stack.shift());\n    if (!object[key] && Empty) object[key] = new Empty();\n    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {\n      object = object[key];\n    } else {\n      object = {};\n    }\n  }\n  if (canNotTraverseDeeper()) return {};\n  return {\n    obj: object,\n    k: cleanKey(stack.shift())\n  };\n}\nfunction setPath(object, path, newValue) {\n  var _getLastOfPath = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath.k;\n  obj[k] = newValue;\n}\nfunction pushPath(object, path, newValue, concat) {\n  var _getLastOfPath2 = getLastOfPath(object, path, Object),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath2.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath2.k;\n  obj[k] = obj[k] || [];\n  if (concat) obj[k] = obj[k].concat(newValue);\n  if (!concat) obj[k].push(newValue);\n}\nfunction getPath(object, path) {\n  var _getLastOfPath3 = getLastOfPath(object, path),\n    obj = _getLastOfPath3.obj,\n    k = _getLastOfPath3.k;\n  if (!obj) return undefined;\n  return obj[k];\n}\nfunction getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, key) {\n  var value = getPath(data, key);\n  if (value !== undefined) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return getPath(defaultData, key);\n}\nfunction deepExtend(target, source, overwrite) {\n  for (var prop in source) {\n    if (prop !== '__proto__' && prop !== 'constructor') {\n      if (prop in target) {\n        if (typeof target[prop] === 'string' || target[prop] instanceof String || typeof source[prop] === 'string' || source[prop] instanceof String) {\n          if (overwrite) target[prop] = source[prop];\n        } else {\n          deepExtend(target[prop], source[prop], overwrite);\n        }\n      } else {\n        target[prop] = source[prop];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction regexEscape(str) {\n  return str.replace(/[\\-\\[\\]\\/\\{\\}\\(\\)\\*\\+\\?\\.\\\\\\^\\$\\|]/g, '\\\\$&');\n}\nvar _entityMap = {\n  '&': '&amp;',\n  '<': '&lt;',\n  '>': '&gt;',\n  '\"': '&quot;',\n  \"'\": '&#39;',\n  '/': '&#x2F;'\n};\nfunction escape(data) {\n  if (typeof data === 'string') {\n    return data.replace(/[&<>\"'\\/]/g, function (s) {\n      return _entityMap[s];\n    });\n  }\n  return data;\n}\nvar isIE10 = typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.navigator && window.navigator.userAgent && window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') > -1;\nfunction deepFind(obj, path) {\n  var keySeparator = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : '.';\n  if (!obj) return undefined;\n  if (obj[path]) return obj[path];\n  var paths = path.split(keySeparator);\n  var current = obj;\n  for (var i = 0; i < paths.length; ++i) {\n    if (typeof current[paths[i]] === 'string' && i + 1 < paths.length) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    if (current[paths[i]] === undefined) {\n      var j = 2;\n      var p = paths.slice(i, i + j).join(keySeparator);\n      var mix = current[p];\n      while (mix === undefined && paths.length > i + j) {\n        j++;\n        p = paths.slice(i, i + j).join(keySeparator);\n        mix = current[p];\n      }\n      if (mix === undefined) return undefined;\n      if (typeof mix === 'string') return mix;\n      if (p && typeof mix[p] === 'string') return mix[p];\n      var joinedPath = paths.slice(i + j).join(keySeparator);\n      if (joinedPath) return deepFind(mix, joinedPath, keySeparator);\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    current = current[paths[i]];\n  }\n  return current;\n}\nvar ResourceStore = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(ResourceStore, _EventEmitter);\n  function ResourceStore(data) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n      ns: ['translation'],\n      defaultNS: 'translation'\n    };\n    _classCallCheck(this, ResourceStore);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(ResourceStore).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.data = data || {};\n    _this.options = options;\n    if (_this.options.keySeparator === undefined) {\n      _this.options.keySeparator = '.';\n    }\n    if (_this.options.ignoreJSONStructure === undefined) {\n      _this.options.ignoreJSONStructure = true;\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(ResourceStore, [{\n    key: \"addNamespaces\",\n    value: function addNamespaces(ns) {\n      if (this.options.ns.indexOf(ns) < 0) {\n        this.options.ns.push(ns);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"removeNamespaces\",\n    value: function removeNamespaces(ns) {\n      var index = this.options.ns.indexOf(ns);\n      if (index > -1) {\n        this.options.ns.splice(index, 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResource\",\n    value: function getResource(lng, ns, key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var ignoreJSONStructure = options.ignoreJSONStructure !== undefined ? options.ignoreJSONStructure : this.options.ignoreJSONStructure;\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (key && typeof key !== 'string') path = path.concat(key);\n      if (key && typeof key === 'string') path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n      }\n      var result = getPath(this.data, path);\n      if (result || !ignoreJSONStructure || typeof key !== 'string') return result;\n      return deepFind(this.data && this.data[lng] && this.data[lng][ns], key, keySeparator);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResource\",\n    value: function addResource(lng, ns, key, value) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      var keySeparator = this.options.keySeparator;\n      if (keySeparator === undefined) keySeparator = '.';\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (key) path = path.concat(keySeparator ? key.split(keySeparator) : key);\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n        value = ns;\n        ns = path[1];\n      }\n      this.addNamespaces(ns);\n      setPath(this.data, path, value);\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, key, value);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResources\",\n    value: function addResources(lng, ns, resources) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      for (var m in resources) {\n        if (typeof resources[m] === 'string' || Object.prototype.toString.apply(resources[m]) === '[object Array]') this.addResource(lng, ns, m, resources[m], {\n          silent: true\n        });\n      }\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"addResourceBundle\",\n    value: function addResourceBundle(lng, ns, resources, deep, overwrite) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : {\n        silent: false\n      };\n      var path = [lng, ns];\n      if (lng.indexOf('.') > -1) {\n        path = lng.split('.');\n        deep = resources;\n        resources = ns;\n        ns = path[1];\n      }\n      this.addNamespaces(ns);\n      var pack = getPath(this.data, path) || {};\n      if (deep) {\n        deepExtend(pack, resources, overwrite);\n      } else {\n        pack = _objectSpread({}, pack, resources);\n      }\n      setPath(this.data, path, pack);\n      if (!options.silent) this.emit('added', lng, ns, resources);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"removeResourceBundle\",\n    value: function removeResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      if (this.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {\n        delete this.data[lng][ns];\n      }\n      this.removeNamespaces(ns);\n      this.emit('removed', lng, ns);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"hasResourceBundle\",\n    value: function hasResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      return this.getResource(lng, ns) !== undefined;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResourceBundle\",\n    value: function getResourceBundle(lng, ns) {\n      if (!ns) ns = this.options.defaultNS;\n      if (this.options.compatibilityAPI === 'v1') return _objectSpread({}, {}, this.getResource(lng, ns));\n      return this.getResource(lng, ns);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDataByLanguage\",\n    value: function getDataByLanguage(lng) {\n      return this.data[lng];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON() {\n      return this.data;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ResourceStore;\n}(EventEmitter);\nvar postProcessor = {\n  processors: {},\n  addPostProcessor: function addPostProcessor(module) {\n    this.processors[module.name] = module;\n  },\n  handle: function handle(processors, value, key, options, translator) {\n    var _this = this;\n    processors.forEach(function (processor) {\n      if (_this.processors[processor]) value = _this.processors[processor].process(value, key, options, translator);\n    });\n    return value;\n  }\n};\nvar checkedLoadedFor = {};\nvar Translator = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(Translator, _EventEmitter);\n  function Translator(services) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Translator);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(Translator).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    copy(['resourceStore', 'languageUtils', 'pluralResolver', 'interpolator', 'backendConnector', 'i18nFormat', 'utils'], services, _assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    _this.options = options;\n    if (_this.options.keySeparator === undefined) {\n      _this.options.keySeparator = '.';\n    }\n    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('translator');\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Translator, [{\n    key: \"changeLanguage\",\n    value: function changeLanguage(lng) {\n      if (lng) this.language = lng;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"exists\",\n    value: function exists(key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n        interpolation: {}\n      };\n      var resolved = this.resolve(key, options);\n      return resolved && resolved.res !== undefined;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"extractFromKey\",\n    value: function extractFromKey(key, options) {\n      var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator !== undefined ? options.nsSeparator : this.options.nsSeparator;\n      if (nsSeparator === undefined) nsSeparator = ':';\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var namespaces = options.ns || this.options.defaultNS;\n      if (nsSeparator && key.indexOf(nsSeparator) > -1) {\n        var m = key.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n        if (m && m.length > 0) {\n          return {\n            key: key,\n            namespaces: namespaces\n          };\n        }\n        var parts = key.split(nsSeparator);\n        if (nsSeparator !== keySeparator || nsSeparator === keySeparator && this.options.ns.indexOf(parts[0]) > -1) namespaces = parts.shift();\n        key = parts.join(keySeparator);\n      }\n      if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];\n      return {\n        key: key,\n        namespaces: namespaces\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"translate\",\n    value: function translate(keys, options, lastKey) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      if (_typeof(options) !== 'object' && this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler) {\n        options = this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments);\n      }\n      if (!options) options = {};\n      if (keys === undefined || keys === null) return '';\n      if (!Array.isArray(keys)) keys = [String(keys)];\n      var keySeparator = options.keySeparator !== undefined ? options.keySeparator : this.options.keySeparator;\n      var _this$extractFromKey = this.extractFromKey(keys[keys.length - 1], options),\n        key = _this$extractFromKey.key,\n        namespaces = _this$extractFromKey.namespaces;\n      var namespace = namespaces[namespaces.length - 1];\n      var lng = options.lng || this.language;\n      var appendNamespaceToCIMode = options.appendNamespaceToCIMode || this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;\n      if (lng && lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') {\n        if (appendNamespaceToCIMode) {\n          var nsSeparator = options.nsSeparator || this.options.nsSeparator;\n          return namespace + nsSeparator + key;\n        }\n        return key;\n      }\n      var resolved = this.resolve(keys, options);\n      var res = resolved && resolved.res;\n      var resUsedKey = resolved && resolved.usedKey || key;\n      var resExactUsedKey = resolved && resolved.exactUsedKey || key;\n      var resType = Object.prototype.toString.apply(res);\n      var noObject = ['[object Number]', '[object Function]', '[object RegExp]'];\n      var joinArrays = options.joinArrays !== undefined ? options.joinArrays : this.options.joinArrays;\n      var handleAsObjectInI18nFormat = !this.i18nFormat || this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject;\n      var handleAsObject = typeof res !== 'string' && typeof res !== 'boolean' && typeof res !== 'number';\n      if (handleAsObjectInI18nFormat && res && handleAsObject && noObject.indexOf(resType) < 0 && !(typeof joinArrays === 'string' && resType === '[object Array]')) {\n        if (!options.returnObjects && !this.options.returnObjects) {\n          if (!this.options.returnedObjectHandler) {\n            this.logger.warn('accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!');\n          }\n          return this.options.returnedObjectHandler ? this.options.returnedObjectHandler(resUsedKey, res, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n            ns: namespaces\n          })) : \"key '\".concat(key, \" (\").concat(this.language, \")' returned an object instead of string.\");\n        }\n        if (keySeparator) {\n          var resTypeIsArray = resType === '[object Array]';\n          var copy = resTypeIsArray ? [] : {};\n          var newKeyToUse = resTypeIsArray ? resExactUsedKey : resUsedKey;\n          for (var m in res) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(res, m)) {\n              var deepKey = \"\".concat(newKeyToUse).concat(keySeparator).concat(m);\n              copy[m] = this.translate(deepKey, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n                joinArrays: false,\n                ns: namespaces\n              }));\n              if (copy[m] === deepKey) copy[m] = res[m];\n            }\n          }\n          res = copy;\n        }\n      } else if (handleAsObjectInI18nFormat && typeof joinArrays === 'string' && resType === '[object Array]') {\n        res = res.join(joinArrays);\n        if (res) res = this.extendTranslation(res, keys, options, lastKey);\n      } else {\n        var usedDefault = false;\n        var usedKey = false;\n        var needsPluralHandling = options.count !== undefined && typeof options.count !== 'string';\n        var hasDefaultValue = Translator.hasDefaultValue(options);\n        var defaultValueSuffix = needsPluralHandling ? this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(lng, options.count) : '';\n        var defaultValue = options[\"defaultValue\".concat(defaultValueSuffix)] || options.defaultValue;\n        if (!this.isValidLookup(res) && hasDefaultValue) {\n          usedDefault = true;\n          res = defaultValue;\n        }\n        if (!this.isValidLookup(res)) {\n          usedKey = true;\n          res = key;\n        }\n        var updateMissing = hasDefaultValue && defaultValue !== res && this.options.updateMissing;\n        if (usedKey || usedDefault || updateMissing) {\n          this.logger.log(updateMissing ? 'updateKey' : 'missingKey', lng, namespace, key, updateMissing ? defaultValue : res);\n          if (keySeparator) {\n            var fk = this.resolve(key, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n              keySeparator: false\n            }));\n            if (fk && fk.res) this.logger.warn('Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.');\n          }\n          var lngs = [];\n          var fallbackLngs = this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng, options.lng || this.language);\n          if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'fallback' && fallbackLngs && fallbackLngs[0]) {\n            for (var i = 0; i < fallbackLngs.length; i++) {\n              lngs.push(fallbackLngs[i]);\n            }\n          } else if (this.options.saveMissingTo === 'all') {\n            lngs = this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || this.language);\n          } else {\n            lngs.push(options.lng || this.language);\n          }\n          var send = function send(l, k, fallbackValue) {\n            if (_this2.options.missingKeyHandler) {\n              _this2.options.missingKeyHandler(l, namespace, k, updateMissing ? fallbackValue : res, updateMissing, options);\n            } else if (_this2.backendConnector && _this2.backendConnector.saveMissing) {\n              _this2.backendConnector.saveMissing(l, namespace, k, updateMissing ? fallbackValue : res, updateMissing, options);\n            }\n            _this2.emit('missingKey', l, namespace, k, res);\n          };\n          if (this.options.saveMissing) {\n            if (this.options.saveMissingPlurals && needsPluralHandling) {\n              lngs.forEach(function (language) {\n                _this2.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(language).forEach(function (suffix) {\n                  send([language], key + suffix, options[\"defaultValue\".concat(suffix)] || defaultValue);\n                });\n              });\n            } else {\n              send(lngs, key, defaultValue);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        res = this.extendTranslation(res, keys, options, resolved, lastKey);\n        if (usedKey && res === key && this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey) res = \"\".concat(namespace, \":\").concat(key);\n        if (usedKey && this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler) res = this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(res);\n      }\n      return res;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"extendTranslation\",\n    value: function extendTranslation(res, key, options, resolved, lastKey) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      if (this.i18nFormat && this.i18nFormat.parse) {\n        res = this.i18nFormat.parse(res, options, resolved.usedLng, resolved.usedNS, resolved.usedKey, {\n          resolved: resolved\n        });\n      } else if (!options.skipInterpolation) {\n        if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.init(_objectSpread({}, options, {\n          interpolation: _objectSpread({}, this.options.interpolation, options.interpolation)\n        }));\n        var skipOnVariables = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.skipOnVariables || this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;\n        var nestBef;\n        if (skipOnVariables) {\n          var nb = res.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n          nestBef = nb && nb.length;\n        }\n        var data = options.replace && typeof options.replace !== 'string' ? options.replace : options;\n        if (this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables) data = _objectSpread({}, this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables, data);\n        res = this.interpolator.interpolate(res, data, options.lng || this.language, options);\n        if (skipOnVariables) {\n          var na = res.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);\n          var nestAft = na && na.length;\n          if (nestBef < nestAft) options.nest = false;\n        }\n        if (options.nest !== false) res = this.interpolator.nest(res, function () {\n          for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n            args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n          }\n          if (lastKey && lastKey[0] === args[0] && !options.context) {\n            _this3.logger.warn(\"It seems you are nesting recursively key: \".concat(args[0], \" in key: \").concat(key[0]));\n            return null;\n          }\n          return _this3.translate.apply(_this3, args.concat([key]));\n        }, options);\n        if (options.interpolation) this.interpolator.reset();\n      }\n      var postProcess = options.postProcess || this.options.postProcess;\n      var postProcessorNames = typeof postProcess === 'string' ? [postProcess] : postProcess;\n      if (res !== undefined && res !== null && postProcessorNames && postProcessorNames.length && options.applyPostProcessor !== false) {\n        res = postProcessor.handle(postProcessorNames, res, key, this.options && this.options.postProcessPassResolved ? _objectSpread({\n          i18nResolved: resolved\n        }, options) : options, this);\n      }\n      return res;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"resolve\",\n    value: function resolve(keys) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      var found;\n      var usedKey;\n      var exactUsedKey;\n      var usedLng;\n      var usedNS;\n      if (typeof keys === 'string') keys = [keys];\n      keys.forEach(function (k) {\n        if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n        var extracted = _this4.extractFromKey(k, options);\n        var key = extracted.key;\n        usedKey = key;\n        var namespaces = extracted.namespaces;\n        if (_this4.options.fallbackNS) namespaces = namespaces.concat(_this4.options.fallbackNS);\n        var needsPluralHandling = options.count !== undefined && typeof options.count !== 'string';\n        var needsContextHandling = options.context !== undefined && typeof options.context === 'string' && options.context !== '';\n        var codes = options.lngs ? options.lngs : _this4.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(options.lng || _this4.language, options.fallbackLng);\n        namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n          if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n          usedNS = ns;\n          if (!checkedLoadedFor[\"\".concat(codes[0], \"-\").concat(ns)] && _this4.utils && _this4.utils.hasLoadedNamespace && !_this4.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(usedNS)) {\n            checkedLoadedFor[\"\".concat(codes[0], \"-\").concat(ns)] = true;\n            _this4.logger.warn(\"key \\\"\".concat(usedKey, \"\\\" for languages \\\"\").concat(codes.join(', '), \"\\\" won't get resolved as namespace \\\"\").concat(usedNS, \"\\\" was not yet loaded\"), 'This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!');\n          }\n          codes.forEach(function (code) {\n            if (_this4.isValidLookup(found)) return;\n            usedLng = code;\n            var finalKey = key;\n            var finalKeys = [finalKey];\n            if (_this4.i18nFormat && _this4.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys) {\n              _this4.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(finalKeys, key, code, ns, options);\n            } else {\n              var pluralSuffix;\n              if (needsPluralHandling) pluralSuffix = _this4.pluralResolver.getSuffix(code, options.count);\n              if (needsPluralHandling && needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey + pluralSuffix);\n              if (needsContextHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += \"\".concat(_this4.options.contextSeparator).concat(options.context));\n              if (needsPluralHandling) finalKeys.push(finalKey += pluralSuffix);\n            }\n            var possibleKey;\n            while (possibleKey = finalKeys.pop()) {\n              if (!_this4.isValidLookup(found)) {\n                exactUsedKey = possibleKey;\n                found = _this4.getResource(code, ns, possibleKey, options);\n              }\n            }\n          });\n        });\n      });\n      return {\n        res: found,\n        usedKey: usedKey,\n        exactUsedKey: exactUsedKey,\n        usedLng: usedLng,\n        usedNS: usedNS\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isValidLookup\",\n    value: function isValidLookup(res) {\n      return res !== undefined && !(!this.options.returnNull && res === null) && !(!this.options.returnEmptyString && res === '');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getResource\",\n    value: function getResource(code, ns, key) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n      if (this.i18nFormat && this.i18nFormat.getResource) return this.i18nFormat.getResource(code, ns, key, options);\n      return this.resourceStore.getResource(code, ns, key, options);\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"hasDefaultValue\",\n    value: function hasDefaultValue(options) {\n      var prefix = 'defaultValue';\n      for (var option in options) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, option) && prefix === option.substring(0, prefix.length) && undefined !== options[option]) {\n          return true;\n        }\n      }\n      return false;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Translator;\n}(EventEmitter);\nfunction capitalize(string) {\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);\n}\nvar LanguageUtil = function () {\n  function LanguageUtil(options) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, LanguageUtil);\n    this.options = options;\n    this.whitelist = this.options.supportedLngs || false;\n    this.supportedLngs = this.options.supportedLngs || false;\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('languageUtils');\n  }\n  _createClass(LanguageUtil, [{\n    key: \"getScriptPartFromCode\",\n    value: function getScriptPartFromCode(code) {\n      if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return null;\n      var p = code.split('-');\n      if (p.length === 2) return null;\n      p.pop();\n      if (p[p.length - 1].toLowerCase() === 'x') return null;\n      return this.formatLanguageCode(p.join('-'));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getLanguagePartFromCode\",\n    value: function getLanguagePartFromCode(code) {\n      if (!code || code.indexOf('-') < 0) return code;\n      var p = code.split('-');\n      return this.formatLanguageCode(p[0]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"formatLanguageCode\",\n    value: function formatLanguageCode(code) {\n      if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {\n        var specialCases = ['hans', 'hant', 'latn', 'cyrl', 'cans', 'mong', 'arab'];\n        var p = code.split('-');\n        if (this.options.lowerCaseLng) {\n          p = p.map(function (part) {\n            return part.toLowerCase();\n          });\n        } else if (p.length === 2) {\n          p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();\n          p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());\n        } else if (p.length === 3) {\n          p[0] = p[0].toLowerCase();\n          if (p[1].length === 2) p[1] = p[1].toUpperCase();\n          if (p[0] !== 'sgn' && p[2].length === 2) p[2] = p[2].toUpperCase();\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[1].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[1] = capitalize(p[1].toLowerCase());\n          if (specialCases.indexOf(p[2].toLowerCase()) > -1) p[2] = capitalize(p[2].toLowerCase());\n        }\n        return p.join('-');\n      }\n      return this.options.cleanCode || this.options.lowerCaseLng ? code.toLowerCase() : code;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isWhitelisted\",\n    value: function isWhitelisted(code) {\n      this.logger.deprecate('languageUtils.isWhitelisted', 'function \"isWhitelisted\" will be renamed to \"isSupportedCode\" in the next major - please make sure to rename it\\'s usage asap.');\n      return this.isSupportedCode(code);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isSupportedCode\",\n    value: function isSupportedCode(code) {\n      if (this.options.load === 'languageOnly' || this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs) {\n        code = this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code);\n      }\n      return !this.supportedLngs || !this.supportedLngs.length || this.supportedLngs.indexOf(code) > -1;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBestMatchFromCodes\",\n    value: function getBestMatchFromCodes(codes) {\n      var _this = this;\n      if (!codes) return null;\n      var found;\n      codes.forEach(function (code) {\n        if (found) return;\n        var cleanedLng = _this.formatLanguageCode(code);\n        if (!_this.options.supportedLngs || _this.isSupportedCode(cleanedLng)) found = cleanedLng;\n      });\n      if (!found && this.options.supportedLngs) {\n        codes.forEach(function (code) {\n          if (found) return;\n          var lngOnly = _this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code);\n          if (_this.isSupportedCode(lngOnly)) return found = lngOnly;\n          found = _this.options.supportedLngs.find(function (supportedLng) {\n            if (supportedLng.indexOf(lngOnly) === 0) return supportedLng;\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      if (!found) found = this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0];\n      return found;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getFallbackCodes\",\n    value: function getFallbackCodes(fallbacks, code) {\n      if (!fallbacks) return [];\n      if (typeof fallbacks === 'function') fallbacks = fallbacks(code);\n      if (typeof fallbacks === 'string') fallbacks = [fallbacks];\n      if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(fallbacks) === '[object Array]') return fallbacks;\n      if (!code) return fallbacks[\"default\"] || [];\n      var found = fallbacks[code];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.getScriptPartFromCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.formatLanguageCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code)];\n      if (!found) found = fallbacks[\"default\"];\n      return found || [];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toResolveHierarchy\",\n    value: function toResolveHierarchy(code, fallbackCode) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var fallbackCodes = this.getFallbackCodes(fallbackCode || this.options.fallbackLng || [], code);\n      var codes = [];\n      var addCode = function addCode(c) {\n        if (!c) return;\n        if (_this2.isSupportedCode(c)) {\n          codes.push(c);\n        } else {\n          _this2.logger.warn(\"rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: \".concat(c));\n        }\n      };\n      if (typeof code === 'string' && code.indexOf('-') > -1) {\n        if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly') addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code));\n        if (this.options.load !== 'languageOnly' && this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getScriptPartFromCode(code));\n        if (this.options.load !== 'currentOnly') addCode(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(code));\n      } else if (typeof code === 'string') {\n        addCode(this.formatLanguageCode(code));\n      }\n      fallbackCodes.forEach(function (fc) {\n        if (codes.indexOf(fc) < 0) addCode(_this2.formatLanguageCode(fc));\n      });\n      return codes;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return LanguageUtil;\n}();\nvar sets = [{\n  lngs: ['ach', 'ak', 'am', 'arn', 'br', 'fil', 'gun', 'ln', 'mfe', 'mg', 'mi', 'oc', 'pt', 'pt-BR', 'tg', 'tl', 'ti', 'tr', 'uz', 'wa'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 1\n}, {\n  lngs: ['af', 'an', 'ast', 'az', 'bg', 'bn', 'ca', 'da', 'de', 'dev', 'el', 'en', 'eo', 'es', 'et', 'eu', 'fi', 'fo', 'fur', 'fy', 'gl', 'gu', 'ha', 'hi', 'hu', 'hy', 'ia', 'it', 'kk', 'kn', 'ku', 'lb', 'mai', 'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'nah', 'nap', 'nb', 'ne', 'nl', 'nn', 'no', 'nso', 'pa', 'pap', 'pms', 'ps', 'pt-PT', 'rm', 'sco', 'se', 'si', 'so', 'son', 'sq', 'sv', 'sw', 'ta', 'te', 'tk', 'ur', 'yo'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 2\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ay', 'bo', 'cgg', 'fa', 'ht', 'id', 'ja', 'jbo', 'ka', 'km', 'ko', 'ky', 'lo', 'ms', 'sah', 'su', 'th', 'tt', 'ug', 'vi', 'wo', 'zh'],\n  nr: [1],\n  fc: 3\n}, {\n  lngs: ['be', 'bs', 'cnr', 'dz', 'hr', 'ru', 'sr', 'uk'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 4\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ar'],\n  nr: [0, 1, 2, 3, 11, 100],\n  fc: 5\n}, {\n  lngs: ['cs', 'sk'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 6\n}, {\n  lngs: ['csb', 'pl'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 5],\n  fc: 7\n}, {\n  lngs: ['cy'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 8],\n  fc: 8\n}, {\n  lngs: ['fr'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 9\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ga'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 7, 11],\n  fc: 10\n}, {\n  lngs: ['gd'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 20],\n  fc: 11\n}, {\n  lngs: ['is'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 12\n}, {\n  lngs: ['jv'],\n  nr: [0, 1],\n  fc: 13\n}, {\n  lngs: ['kw'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 3, 4],\n  fc: 14\n}, {\n  lngs: ['lt'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 10],\n  fc: 15\n}, {\n  lngs: ['lv'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 0],\n  fc: 16\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mk'],\n  nr: [1, 2],\n  fc: 17\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mnk'],\n  nr: [0, 1, 2],\n  fc: 18\n}, {\n  lngs: ['mt'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 11, 20],\n  fc: 19\n}, {\n  lngs: ['or'],\n  nr: [2, 1],\n  fc: 2\n}, {\n  lngs: ['ro'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 20],\n  fc: 20\n}, {\n  lngs: ['sl'],\n  nr: [5, 1, 2, 3],\n  fc: 21\n}, {\n  lngs: ['he', 'iw'],\n  nr: [1, 2, 20, 21],\n  fc: 22\n}];\nvar _rulesPluralsTypes = {\n  1: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n > 1);\n  },\n  2: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n != 1);\n  },\n  3: function _(n) {\n    return 0;\n  },\n  4: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  5: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : n == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 >= 3 && n % 100 <= 10 ? 3 : n % 100 >= 11 ? 4 : 5);\n  },\n  6: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n >= 2 && n <= 4 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  7: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  8: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n != 8 && n != 11 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  9: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n >= 2);\n  },\n  10: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n < 7 ? 2 : n < 11 ? 3 : 4);\n  },\n  11: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 || n == 11 ? 0 : n == 2 || n == 12 ? 1 : n > 2 && n < 20 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  12: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 != 1 || n % 100 == 11);\n  },\n  13: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n !== 0);\n  },\n  14: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : n == 3 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  15: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  16: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n !== 0 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  17: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 || n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : 1);\n  },\n  18: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 0 ? 0 : n == 1 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  19: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 0 || n % 100 > 1 && n % 100 < 11 ? 1 : n % 100 > 10 && n % 100 < 20 ? 2 : 3);\n  },\n  20: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 0 || n % 100 > 0 && n % 100 < 20 ? 1 : 2);\n  },\n  21: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n % 100 == 1 ? 1 : n % 100 == 2 ? 2 : n % 100 == 3 || n % 100 == 4 ? 3 : 0);\n  },\n  22: function _(n) {\n    return Number(n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : (n < 0 || n > 10) && n % 10 == 0 ? 2 : 3);\n  }\n};\nfunction createRules() {\n  var rules = {};\n  sets.forEach(function (set) {\n    set.lngs.forEach(function (l) {\n      rules[l] = {\n        numbers: set.nr,\n        plurals: _rulesPluralsTypes[set.fc]\n      };\n    });\n  });\n  return rules;\n}\nvar PluralResolver = function () {\n  function PluralResolver(languageUtils) {\n    var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, PluralResolver);\n    this.languageUtils = languageUtils;\n    this.options = options;\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('pluralResolver');\n    this.rules = createRules();\n  }\n  _createClass(PluralResolver, [{\n    key: \"addRule\",\n    value: function addRule(lng, obj) {\n      this.rules[lng] = obj;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getRule\",\n    value: function getRule(code) {\n      return this.rules[code] || this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(code)];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"needsPlural\",\n    value: function needsPlural(code) {\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      return rule && rule.numbers.length > 1;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getPluralFormsOfKey\",\n    value: function getPluralFormsOfKey(code, key) {\n      return this.getSuffixes(code).map(function (suffix) {\n        return key + suffix;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getSuffixes\",\n    value: function getSuffixes(code) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      if (!rule) {\n        return [];\n      }\n      return rule.numbers.map(function (number) {\n        return _this.getSuffix(code, number);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getSuffix\",\n    value: function getSuffix(code, count) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var rule = this.getRule(code);\n      if (rule) {\n        var idx = rule.noAbs ? rule.plurals(count) : rule.plurals(Math.abs(count));\n        var suffix = rule.numbers[idx];\n        if (this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix && rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {\n          if (suffix === 2) {\n            suffix = 'plural';\n          } else if (suffix === 1) {\n            suffix = '';\n          }\n        }\n        var returnSuffix = function returnSuffix() {\n          return _this2.options.prepend && suffix.toString() ? _this2.options.prepend + suffix.toString() : suffix.toString();\n        };\n        if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v1') {\n          if (suffix === 1) return '';\n          if (typeof suffix === 'number') return \"_plural_\".concat(suffix.toString());\n          return returnSuffix();\n        } else if (this.options.compatibilityJSON === 'v2') {\n          return returnSuffix();\n        } else if (this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix && rule.numbers.length === 2 && rule.numbers[0] === 1) {\n          return returnSuffix();\n        }\n        return this.options.prepend && idx.toString() ? this.options.prepend + idx.toString() : idx.toString();\n      }\n      this.logger.warn(\"no plural rule found for: \".concat(code));\n      return '';\n    }\n  }]);\n  return PluralResolver;\n}();\nvar Interpolator = function () {\n  function Interpolator() {\n    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Interpolator);\n    this.logger = baseLogger.create('interpolator');\n    this.options = options;\n    this.format = options.interpolation && options.interpolation.format || function (value) {\n      return value;\n    };\n    this.init(options);\n  }\n  _createClass(Interpolator, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init() {\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      if (!options.interpolation) options.interpolation = {\n        escapeValue: true\n      };\n      var iOpts = options.interpolation;\n      this.escape = iOpts.escape !== undefined ? iOpts.escape : escape;\n      this.escapeValue = iOpts.escapeValue !== undefined ? iOpts.escapeValue : true;\n      this.useRawValueToEscape = iOpts.useRawValueToEscape !== undefined ? iOpts.useRawValueToEscape : false;\n      this.prefix = iOpts.prefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.prefix) : iOpts.prefixEscaped || '{{';\n      this.suffix = iOpts.suffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.suffix) : iOpts.suffixEscaped || '}}';\n      this.formatSeparator = iOpts.formatSeparator ? iOpts.formatSeparator : iOpts.formatSeparator || ',';\n      this.unescapePrefix = iOpts.unescapeSuffix ? '' : iOpts.unescapePrefix || '-';\n      this.unescapeSuffix = this.unescapePrefix ? '' : iOpts.unescapeSuffix || '';\n      this.nestingPrefix = iOpts.nestingPrefix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingPrefix) : iOpts.nestingPrefixEscaped || regexEscape('$t(');\n      this.nestingSuffix = iOpts.nestingSuffix ? regexEscape(iOpts.nestingSuffix) : iOpts.nestingSuffixEscaped || regexEscape(')');\n      this.nestingOptionsSeparator = iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator ? iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator : iOpts.nestingOptionsSeparator || ',';\n      this.maxReplaces = iOpts.maxReplaces ? iOpts.maxReplaces : 1000;\n      this.alwaysFormat = iOpts.alwaysFormat !== undefined ? iOpts.alwaysFormat : false;\n      this.resetRegExp();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reset\",\n    value: function reset() {\n      if (this.options) this.init(this.options);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"resetRegExp\",\n    value: function resetRegExp() {\n      var regexpStr = \"\".concat(this.prefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.suffix);\n      this.regexp = new RegExp(regexpStr, 'g');\n      var regexpUnescapeStr = \"\".concat(this.prefix).concat(this.unescapePrefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.unescapeSuffix).concat(this.suffix);\n      this.regexpUnescape = new RegExp(regexpUnescapeStr, 'g');\n      var nestingRegexpStr = \"\".concat(this.nestingPrefix, \"(.+?)\").concat(this.nestingSuffix);\n      this.nestingRegexp = new RegExp(nestingRegexpStr, 'g');\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"interpolate\",\n    value: function interpolate(str, data, lng, options) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var match;\n      var value;\n      var replaces;\n      var defaultData = this.options && this.options.interpolation && this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables || {};\n      function regexSafe(val) {\n        return val.replace(/\\$/g, '$$$$');\n      }\n      var handleFormat = function handleFormat(key) {\n        if (key.indexOf(_this.formatSeparator) < 0) {\n          var path = getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, key);\n          return _this.alwaysFormat ? _this.format(path, undefined, lng, _objectSpread({}, options, data, {\n            interpolationkey: key\n          })) : path;\n        }\n        var p = key.split(_this.formatSeparator);\n        var k = p.shift().trim();\n        var f = p.join(_this.formatSeparator).trim();\n        return _this.format(getPathWithDefaults(data, defaultData, k), f, lng, _objectSpread({}, options, data, {\n          interpolationkey: k\n        }));\n      };\n      this.resetRegExp();\n      var missingInterpolationHandler = options && options.missingInterpolationHandler || this.options.missingInterpolationHandler;\n      var skipOnVariables = options && options.interpolation && options.interpolation.skipOnVariables || this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;\n      var todos = [{\n        regex: this.regexpUnescape,\n        safeValue: function safeValue(val) {\n          return regexSafe(val);\n        }\n      }, {\n        regex: this.regexp,\n        safeValue: function safeValue(val) {\n          return _this.escapeValue ? regexSafe(_this.escape(val)) : regexSafe(val);\n        }\n      }];\n      todos.forEach(function (todo) {\n        replaces = 0;\n        while (match = todo.regex.exec(str)) {\n          value = handleFormat(match[1].trim());\n          if (value === undefined) {\n            if (typeof missingInterpolationHandler === 'function') {\n              var temp = missingInterpolationHandler(str, match, options);\n              value = typeof temp === 'string' ? temp : '';\n            } else if (skipOnVariables) {\n              value = match[0];\n              continue;\n            } else {\n              _this.logger.warn(\"missed to pass in variable \".concat(match[1], \" for interpolating \").concat(str));\n              value = '';\n            }\n          } else if (typeof value !== 'string' && !_this.useRawValueToEscape) {\n            value = makeString(value);\n          }\n          var safeValue = todo.safeValue(value);\n          str = str.replace(match[0], safeValue);\n          if (skipOnVariables) {\n            todo.regex.lastIndex += safeValue.length;\n            todo.regex.lastIndex -= match[0].length;\n          } else {\n            todo.regex.lastIndex = 0;\n          }\n          replaces++;\n          if (replaces >= _this.maxReplaces) {\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n      return str;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"nest\",\n    value: function nest(str, fc) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n      var match;\n      var value;\n      var clonedOptions = _objectSpread({}, options);\n      clonedOptions.applyPostProcessor = false;\n      delete clonedOptions.defaultValue;\n      function handleHasOptions(key, inheritedOptions) {\n        var sep = this.nestingOptionsSeparator;\n        if (key.indexOf(sep) < 0) return key;\n        var c = key.split(new RegExp(\"\".concat(sep, \"[ ]*{\")));\n        var optionsString = \"{\".concat(c[1]);\n        key = c[0];\n        optionsString = this.interpolate(optionsString, clonedOptions);\n        optionsString = optionsString.replace(/'/g, '\"');\n        try {\n          clonedOptions = JSON.parse(optionsString);\n          if (inheritedOptions) clonedOptions = _objectSpread({}, inheritedOptions, clonedOptions);\n        } catch (e) {\n          this.logger.warn(\"failed parsing options string in nesting for key \".concat(key), e);\n          return \"\".concat(key).concat(sep).concat(optionsString);\n        }\n        delete clonedOptions.defaultValue;\n        return key;\n      }\n      while (match = this.nestingRegexp.exec(str)) {\n        var formatters = [];\n        var doReduce = false;\n        if (match[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator) !== -1 && !/{.*}/.test(match[1])) {\n          var r = match[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map(function (elem) {\n            return elem.trim();\n          });\n          match[1] = r.shift();\n          formatters = r;\n          doReduce = true;\n        }\n        value = fc(handleHasOptions.call(this, match[1].trim(), clonedOptions), clonedOptions);\n        if (value && match[0] === str && typeof value !== 'string') return value;\n        if (typeof value !== 'string') value = makeString(value);\n        if (!value) {\n          this.logger.warn(\"missed to resolve \".concat(match[1], \" for nesting \").concat(str));\n          value = '';\n        }\n        if (doReduce) {\n          value = formatters.reduce(function (v, f) {\n            return _this2.format(v, f, options.lng, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n              interpolationkey: match[1].trim()\n            }));\n          }, value.trim());\n        }\n        str = str.replace(match[0], value);\n        this.regexp.lastIndex = 0;\n      }\n      return str;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Interpolator;\n}();\nfunction remove(arr, what) {\n  var found = arr.indexOf(what);\n  while (found !== -1) {\n    arr.splice(found, 1);\n    found = arr.indexOf(what);\n  }\n}\nvar Connector = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(Connector, _EventEmitter);\n  function Connector(backend, store, services) {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : {};\n    _classCallCheck(this, Connector);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(Connector).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.backend = backend;\n    _this.store = store;\n    _this.services = services;\n    _this.languageUtils = services.languageUtils;\n    _this.options = options;\n    _this.logger = baseLogger.create('backendConnector');\n    _this.state = {};\n    _this.queue = [];\n    if (_this.backend && _this.backend.init) {\n      _this.backend.init(services, options.backend, options);\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Connector, [{\n    key: \"queueLoad\",\n    value: function queueLoad(languages, namespaces, options, callback) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var toLoad = [];\n      var pending = [];\n      var toLoadLanguages = [];\n      var toLoadNamespaces = [];\n      languages.forEach(function (lng) {\n        var hasAllNamespaces = true;\n        namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n          var name = \"\".concat(lng, \"|\").concat(ns);\n          if (!options.reload && _this2.store.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) {\n            _this2.state[name] = 2;\n          } else if (_this2.state[name] < 0) ;else if (_this2.state[name] === 1) {\n            if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);\n          } else {\n            _this2.state[name] = 1;\n            hasAllNamespaces = false;\n            if (pending.indexOf(name) < 0) pending.push(name);\n            if (toLoad.indexOf(name) < 0) toLoad.push(name);\n            if (toLoadNamespaces.indexOf(ns) < 0) toLoadNamespaces.push(ns);\n          }\n        });\n        if (!hasAllNamespaces) toLoadLanguages.push(lng);\n      });\n      if (toLoad.length || pending.length) {\n        this.queue.push({\n          pending: pending,\n          loaded: {},\n          errors: [],\n          callback: callback\n        });\n      }\n      return {\n        toLoad: toLoad,\n        pending: pending,\n        toLoadLanguages: toLoadLanguages,\n        toLoadNamespaces: toLoadNamespaces\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loaded\",\n    value: function loaded(name, err, data) {\n      var s = name.split('|');\n      var lng = s[0];\n      var ns = s[1];\n      if (err) this.emit('failedLoading', lng, ns, err);\n      if (data) {\n        this.store.addResourceBundle(lng, ns, data);\n      }\n      this.state[name] = err ? -1 : 2;\n      var loaded = {};\n      this.queue.forEach(function (q) {\n        pushPath(q.loaded, [lng], ns);\n        remove(q.pending, name);\n        if (err) q.errors.push(err);\n        if (q.pending.length === 0 && !q.done) {\n          Object.keys(q.loaded).forEach(function (l) {\n            if (!loaded[l]) loaded[l] = [];\n            if (q.loaded[l].length) {\n              q.loaded[l].forEach(function (ns) {\n                if (loaded[l].indexOf(ns) < 0) loaded[l].push(ns);\n              });\n            }\n          });\n          q.done = true;\n          if (q.errors.length) {\n            q.callback(q.errors);\n          } else {\n            q.callback();\n          }\n        }\n      });\n      this.emit('loaded', loaded);\n      this.queue = this.queue.filter(function (q) {\n        return !q.done;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"read\",\n    value: function read(lng, ns, fcName) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var tried = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : 0;\n      var wait = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : 350;\n      var callback = arguments.length > 5 ? arguments[5] : undefined;\n      if (!lng.length) return callback(null, {});\n      return this.backend[fcName](lng, ns, function (err, data) {\n        if (err && data && tried < 5) {\n          setTimeout(function () {\n            _this3.read.call(_this3, lng, ns, fcName, tried + 1, wait * 2, callback);\n          }, wait);\n          return;\n        }\n        callback(err, data);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"prepareLoading\",\n    value: function prepareLoading(languages, namespaces) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 3 ? arguments[3] : undefined;\n      if (!this.backend) {\n        this.logger.warn('No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources.');\n        return callback && callback();\n      }\n      if (typeof languages === 'string') languages = this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(languages);\n      if (typeof namespaces === 'string') namespaces = [namespaces];\n      var toLoad = this.queueLoad(languages, namespaces, options, callback);\n      if (!toLoad.toLoad.length) {\n        if (!toLoad.pending.length) callback();\n        return null;\n      }\n      toLoad.toLoad.forEach(function (name) {\n        _this4.loadOne(name);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"load\",\n    value: function load(languages, namespaces, callback) {\n      this.prepareLoading(languages, namespaces, {}, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reload\",\n    value: function reload(languages, namespaces, callback) {\n      this.prepareLoading(languages, namespaces, {\n        reload: true\n      }, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadOne\",\n    value: function loadOne(name) {\n      var _this5 = this;\n      var prefix = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : '';\n      var s = name.split('|');\n      var lng = s[0];\n      var ns = s[1];\n      this.read(lng, ns, 'read', undefined, undefined, function (err, data) {\n        if (err) _this5.logger.warn(\"\".concat(prefix, \"loading namespace \").concat(ns, \" for language \").concat(lng, \" failed\"), err);\n        if (!err && data) _this5.logger.log(\"\".concat(prefix, \"loaded namespace \").concat(ns, \" for language \").concat(lng), data);\n        _this5.loaded(name, err, data);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"saveMissing\",\n    value: function saveMissing(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue, isUpdate) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 5 && arguments[5] !== undefined ? arguments[5] : {};\n      if (this.services.utils && this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace && !this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(namespace)) {\n        this.logger.warn(\"did not save key \\\"\".concat(key, \"\\\" as the namespace \\\"\").concat(namespace, \"\\\" was not yet loaded\"), 'This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!');\n        return;\n      }\n      if (key === undefined || key === null || key === '') return;\n      if (this.backend && this.backend.create) {\n        this.backend.create(languages, namespace, key, fallbackValue, null, _objectSpread({}, options, {\n          isUpdate: isUpdate\n        }));\n      }\n      if (!languages || !languages[0]) return;\n      this.store.addResource(languages[0], namespace, key, fallbackValue);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Connector;\n}(EventEmitter);\nfunction get() {\n  return {\n    debug: false,\n    initImmediate: true,\n    ns: ['translation'],\n    defaultNS: ['translation'],\n    fallbackLng: ['dev'],\n    fallbackNS: false,\n    whitelist: false,\n    nonExplicitWhitelist: false,\n    supportedLngs: false,\n    nonExplicitSupportedLngs: false,\n    load: 'all',\n    preload: false,\n    simplifyPluralSuffix: true,\n    keySeparator: '.',\n    nsSeparator: ':',\n    pluralSeparator: '_',\n    contextSeparator: '_',\n    partialBundledLanguages: false,\n    saveMissing: false,\n    updateMissing: false,\n    saveMissingTo: 'fallback',\n    saveMissingPlurals: true,\n    missingKeyHandler: false,\n    missingInterpolationHandler: false,\n    postProcess: false,\n    postProcessPassResolved: false,\n    returnNull: true,\n    returnEmptyString: true,\n    returnObjects: false,\n    joinArrays: false,\n    returnedObjectHandler: false,\n    parseMissingKeyHandler: false,\n    appendNamespaceToMissingKey: false,\n    appendNamespaceToCIMode: false,\n    overloadTranslationOptionHandler: function handle(args) {\n      var ret = {};\n      if (_typeof(args[1]) === 'object') ret = args[1];\n      if (typeof args[1] === 'string') ret.defaultValue = args[1];\n      if (typeof args[2] === 'string') ret.tDescription = args[2];\n      if (_typeof(args[2]) === 'object' || _typeof(args[3]) === 'object') {\n        var options = args[3] || args[2];\n        Object.keys(options).forEach(function (key) {\n          ret[key] = options[key];\n        });\n      }\n      return ret;\n    },\n    interpolation: {\n      escapeValue: true,\n      format: function format(value, _format, lng, options) {\n        return value;\n      },\n      prefix: '{{',\n      suffix: '}}',\n      formatSeparator: ',',\n      unescapePrefix: '-',\n      nestingPrefix: '$t(',\n      nestingSuffix: ')',\n      nestingOptionsSeparator: ',',\n      maxReplaces: 1000,\n      skipOnVariables: false\n    }\n  };\n}\nfunction transformOptions(options) {\n  if (typeof options.ns === 'string') options.ns = [options.ns];\n  if (typeof options.fallbackLng === 'string') options.fallbackLng = [options.fallbackLng];\n  if (typeof options.fallbackNS === 'string') options.fallbackNS = [options.fallbackNS];\n  if (options.whitelist) {\n    if (options.whitelist && options.whitelist.indexOf('cimode') < 0) {\n      options.whitelist = options.whitelist.concat(['cimode']);\n    }\n    options.supportedLngs = options.whitelist;\n  }\n  if (options.nonExplicitWhitelist) {\n    options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs = options.nonExplicitWhitelist;\n  }\n  if (options.supportedLngs && options.supportedLngs.indexOf('cimode') < 0) {\n    options.supportedLngs = options.supportedLngs.concat(['cimode']);\n  }\n  return options;\n}\nfunction noop() {}\nvar I18n = function (_EventEmitter) {\n  _inherits(I18n, _EventEmitter);\n  function I18n() {\n    var _this;\n    var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n    var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    _classCallCheck(this, I18n);\n    _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, _getPrototypeOf(I18n).call(this));\n    if (isIE10) {\n      EventEmitter.call(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    }\n    _this.options = transformOptions(options);\n    _this.services = {};\n    _this.logger = baseLogger;\n    _this.modules = {\n      external: []\n    };\n    if (callback && !_this.isInitialized && !options.isClone) {\n      if (!_this.options.initImmediate) {\n        _this.init(options, callback);\n        return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this, _assertThisInitialized(_this));\n      }\n      setTimeout(function () {\n        _this.init(options, callback);\n      }, 0);\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(I18n, [{\n    key: \"init\",\n    value: function init() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n      if (typeof options === 'function') {\n        callback = options;\n        options = {};\n      }\n      if (options.whitelist && !options.supportedLngs) {\n        this.logger.deprecate('whitelist', 'option \"whitelist\" will be renamed to \"supportedLngs\" in the next major - please make sure to rename this option asap.');\n      }\n      if (options.nonExplicitWhitelist && !options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs) {\n        this.logger.deprecate('whitelist', 'options \"nonExplicitWhitelist\" will be renamed to \"nonExplicitSupportedLngs\" in the next major - please make sure to rename this option asap.');\n      }\n      this.options = _objectSpread({}, get(), this.options, transformOptions(options));\n      this.format = this.options.interpolation.format;\n      if (!callback) callback = noop;\n      function createClassOnDemand(ClassOrObject) {\n        if (!ClassOrObject) return null;\n        if (typeof ClassOrObject === 'function') return new ClassOrObject();\n        return ClassOrObject;\n      }\n      if (!this.options.isClone) {\n        if (this.modules.logger) {\n          baseLogger.init(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.logger), this.options);\n        } else {\n          baseLogger.init(null, this.options);\n        }\n        var lu = new LanguageUtil(this.options);\n        this.store = new ResourceStore(this.options.resources, this.options);\n        var s = this.services;\n        s.logger = baseLogger;\n        s.resourceStore = this.store;\n        s.languageUtils = lu;\n        s.pluralResolver = new PluralResolver(lu, {\n          prepend: this.options.pluralSeparator,\n          compatibilityJSON: this.options.compatibilityJSON,\n          simplifyPluralSuffix: this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix\n        });\n        s.interpolator = new Interpolator(this.options);\n        s.utils = {\n          hasLoadedNamespace: this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)\n        };\n        s.backendConnector = new Connector(createClassOnDemand(this.modules.backend), s.resourceStore, s, this.options);\n        s.backendConnector.on('*', function (event) {\n          for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n            args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n          }\n          _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n        if (this.modules.languageDetector) {\n          s.languageDetector = createClassOnDemand(this.modules.languageDetector);\n          s.languageDetector.init(s, this.options.detection, this.options);\n        }\n        if (this.modules.i18nFormat) {\n          s.i18nFormat = createClassOnDemand(this.modules.i18nFormat);\n          if (s.i18nFormat.init) s.i18nFormat.init(this);\n        }\n        this.translator = new Translator(this.services, this.options);\n        this.translator.on('*', function (event) {\n          for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2 > 1 ? _len2 - 1 : 0), _key2 = 1; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n            args[_key2 - 1] = arguments[_key2];\n          }\n          _this2.emit.apply(_this2, [event].concat(args));\n        });\n        this.modules.external.forEach(function (m) {\n          if (m.init) m.init(_this2);\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.options.fallbackLng && !this.services.languageDetector && !this.options.lng) {\n        var codes = this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);\n        if (codes.length > 0 && codes[0] !== 'dev') this.options.lng = codes[0];\n      }\n      if (!this.services.languageDetector && !this.options.lng) {\n        this.logger.warn('init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined');\n      }\n      var storeApi = ['getResource', 'hasResourceBundle', 'getResourceBundle', 'getDataByLanguage'];\n      storeApi.forEach(function (fcName) {\n        _this2[fcName] = function () {\n          var _this2$store;\n          return (_this2$store = _this2.store)[fcName].apply(_this2$store, arguments);\n        };\n      });\n      var storeApiChained = ['addResource', 'addResources', 'addResourceBundle', 'removeResourceBundle'];\n      storeApiChained.forEach(function (fcName) {\n        _this2[fcName] = function () {\n          var _this2$store2;\n          (_this2$store2 = _this2.store)[fcName].apply(_this2$store2, arguments);\n          return _this2;\n        };\n      });\n      var deferred = defer();\n      var load = function load() {\n        var finish = function finish(err, t) {\n          if (_this2.isInitialized) _this2.logger.warn('init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!');\n          _this2.isInitialized = true;\n          if (!_this2.options.isClone) _this2.logger.log('initialized', _this2.options);\n          _this2.emit('initialized', _this2.options);\n          deferred.resolve(t);\n          callback(err, t);\n        };\n        if (_this2.languages && _this2.options.compatibilityAPI !== 'v1' && !_this2.isInitialized) return finish(null, _this2.t.bind(_this2));\n        _this2.changeLanguage(_this2.options.lng, finish);\n      };\n      if (this.options.resources || !this.options.initImmediate) {\n        load();\n      } else {\n        setTimeout(load, 0);\n      }\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadResources\",\n    value: function loadResources(language) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : noop;\n      var usedCallback = callback;\n      var usedLng = typeof language === 'string' ? language : this.language;\n      if (typeof language === 'function') usedCallback = language;\n      if (!this.options.resources || this.options.partialBundledLanguages) {\n        if (usedLng && usedLng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return usedCallback();\n        var toLoad = [];\n        var append = function append(lng) {\n          if (!lng) return;\n          var lngs = _this3.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(lng);\n          lngs.forEach(function (l) {\n            if (toLoad.indexOf(l) < 0) toLoad.push(l);\n          });\n        };\n        if (!usedLng) {\n          var fallbacks = this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);\n          fallbacks.forEach(function (l) {\n            return append(l);\n          });\n        } else {\n          append(usedLng);\n        }\n        if (this.options.preload) {\n          this.options.preload.forEach(function (l) {\n            return append(l);\n          });\n        }\n        this.services.backendConnector.load(toLoad, this.options.ns, usedCallback);\n      } else {\n        usedCallback(null);\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"reloadResources\",\n    value: function reloadResources(lngs, ns, callback) {\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (!lngs) lngs = this.languages;\n      if (!ns) ns = this.options.ns;\n      if (!callback) callback = noop;\n      this.services.backendConnector.reload(lngs, ns, function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"use\",\n    value: function use(module) {\n      if (!module) throw new Error('You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()');\n      if (!module.type) throw new Error('You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()');\n      if (module.type === 'backend') {\n        this.modules.backend = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'logger' || module.log && module.warn && module.error) {\n        this.modules.logger = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'languageDetector') {\n        this.modules.languageDetector = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'i18nFormat') {\n        this.modules.i18nFormat = module;\n      }\n      if (module.type === 'postProcessor') {\n        postProcessor.addPostProcessor(module);\n      }\n      if (module.type === '3rdParty') {\n        this.modules.external.push(module);\n      }\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"changeLanguage\",\n    value: function changeLanguage(lng, callback) {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      this.isLanguageChangingTo = lng;\n      var deferred = defer();\n      this.emit('languageChanging', lng);\n      var done = function done(err, l) {\n        if (l) {\n          _this4.language = l;\n          _this4.languages = _this4.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(l);\n          _this4.translator.changeLanguage(l);\n          _this4.isLanguageChangingTo = undefined;\n          _this4.emit('languageChanged', l);\n          _this4.logger.log('languageChanged', l);\n        } else {\n          _this4.isLanguageChangingTo = undefined;\n        }\n        deferred.resolve(function () {\n          return _this4.t.apply(_this4, arguments);\n        });\n        if (callback) callback(err, function () {\n          return _this4.t.apply(_this4, arguments);\n        });\n      };\n      var setLng = function setLng(lngs) {\n        if (!lng && !lngs && _this4.services.languageDetector) lngs = [];\n        var l = typeof lngs === 'string' ? lngs : _this4.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(lngs);\n        if (l) {\n          if (!_this4.language) {\n            _this4.language = l;\n            _this4.languages = _this4.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(l);\n          }\n          if (!_this4.translator.language) _this4.translator.changeLanguage(l);\n          if (_this4.services.languageDetector) _this4.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(l);\n        }\n        _this4.loadResources(l, function (err) {\n          done(err, l);\n        });\n      };\n      if (!lng && this.services.languageDetector && !this.services.languageDetector.async) {\n        setLng(this.services.languageDetector.detect());\n      } else if (!lng && this.services.languageDetector && this.services.languageDetector.async) {\n        this.services.languageDetector.detect(setLng);\n      } else {\n        setLng(lng);\n      }\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getFixedT\",\n    value: function getFixedT(lng, ns) {\n      var _this5 = this;\n      var fixedT = function fixedT(key, opts) {\n        var options;\n        if (_typeof(opts) !== 'object') {\n          for (var _len3 = arguments.length, rest = new Array(_len3 > 2 ? _len3 - 2 : 0), _key3 = 2; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n            rest[_key3 - 2] = arguments[_key3];\n          }\n          options = _this5.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([key, opts].concat(rest));\n        } else {\n          options = _objectSpread({}, opts);\n        }\n        options.lng = options.lng || fixedT.lng;\n        options.lngs = options.lngs || fixedT.lngs;\n        options.ns = options.ns || fixedT.ns;\n        return _this5.t(key, options);\n      };\n      if (typeof lng === 'string') {\n        fixedT.lng = lng;\n      } else {\n        fixedT.lngs = lng;\n      }\n      fixedT.ns = ns;\n      return fixedT;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"t\",\n    value: function t() {\n      var _this$translator;\n      return this.translator && (_this$translator = this.translator).translate.apply(_this$translator, arguments);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"exists\",\n    value: function exists() {\n      var _this$translator2;\n      return this.translator && (_this$translator2 = this.translator).exists.apply(_this$translator2, arguments);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"setDefaultNamespace\",\n    value: function setDefaultNamespace(ns) {\n      this.options.defaultNS = ns;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"hasLoadedNamespace\",\n    value: function hasLoadedNamespace(ns) {\n      var _this6 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      if (!this.isInitialized) {\n        this.logger.warn('hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized', this.languages);\n        return false;\n      }\n      if (!this.languages || !this.languages.length) {\n        this.logger.warn('hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty', this.languages);\n        return false;\n      }\n      var lng = this.languages[0];\n      var fallbackLng = this.options ? this.options.fallbackLng : false;\n      var lastLng = this.languages[this.languages.length - 1];\n      if (lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return true;\n      var loadNotPending = function loadNotPending(l, n) {\n        var loadState = _this6.services.backendConnector.state[\"\".concat(l, \"|\").concat(n)];\n        return loadState === -1 || loadState === 2;\n      };\n      if (options.precheck) {\n        var preResult = options.precheck(this, loadNotPending);\n        if (preResult !== undefined) return preResult;\n      }\n      if (this.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) return true;\n      if (!this.services.backendConnector.backend) return true;\n      if (loadNotPending(lng, ns) && (!fallbackLng || loadNotPending(lastLng, ns))) return true;\n      return false;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadNamespaces\",\n    value: function loadNamespaces(ns, callback) {\n      var _this7 = this;\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (!this.options.ns) {\n        callback && callback();\n        return Promise.resolve();\n      }\n      if (typeof ns === 'string') ns = [ns];\n      ns.forEach(function (n) {\n        if (_this7.options.ns.indexOf(n) < 0) _this7.options.ns.push(n);\n      });\n      this.loadResources(function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        if (callback) callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"loadLanguages\",\n    value: function loadLanguages(lngs, callback) {\n      var deferred = defer();\n      if (typeof lngs === 'string') lngs = [lngs];\n      var preloaded = this.options.preload || [];\n      var newLngs = lngs.filter(function (lng) {\n        return preloaded.indexOf(lng) < 0;\n      });\n      if (!newLngs.length) {\n        if (callback) callback();\n        return Promise.resolve();\n      }\n      this.options.preload = preloaded.concat(newLngs);\n      this.loadResources(function (err) {\n        deferred.resolve();\n        if (callback) callback(err);\n      });\n      return deferred;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"dir\",\n    value: function dir(lng) {\n      if (!lng) lng = this.languages && this.languages.length > 0 ? this.languages[0] : this.language;\n      if (!lng) return 'rtl';\n      var rtlLngs = ['ar', 'shu', 'sqr', 'ssh', 'xaa', 'yhd', 'yud', 'aao', 'abh', 'abv', 'acm', 'acq', 'acw', 'acx', 'acy', 'adf', 'ads', 'aeb', 'aec', 'afb', 'ajp', 'apc', 'apd', 'arb', 'arq', 'ars', 'ary', 'arz', 'auz', 'avl', 'ayh', 'ayl', 'ayn', 'ayp', 'bbz', 'pga', 'he', 'iw', 'ps', 'pbt', 'pbu', 'pst', 'prp', 'prd', 'ug', 'ur', 'ydd', 'yds', 'yih', 'ji', 'yi', 'hbo', 'men', 'xmn', 'fa', 'jpr', 'peo', 'pes', 'prs', 'dv', 'sam'];\n      return rtlLngs.indexOf(this.services.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(lng)) >= 0 ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"createInstance\",\n    value: function createInstance() {\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n      return new I18n(options, callback);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"cloneInstance\",\n    value: function cloneInstance() {\n      var _this8 = this;\n      var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n      var callback = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : noop;\n      var mergedOptions = _objectSpread({}, this.options, options, {\n        isClone: true\n      });\n      var clone = new I18n(mergedOptions);\n      var membersToCopy = ['store', 'services', 'language'];\n      membersToCopy.forEach(function (m) {\n        clone[m] = _this8[m];\n      });\n      clone.services = _objectSpread({}, this.services);\n      clone.services.utils = {\n        hasLoadedNamespace: clone.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(clone)\n      };\n      clone.translator = new Translator(clone.services, clone.options);\n      clone.translator.on('*', function (event) {\n        for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4 > 1 ? _len4 - 1 : 0), _key4 = 1; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n          args[_key4 - 1] = arguments[_key4];\n        }\n        clone.emit.apply(clone, [event].concat(args));\n      });\n      clone.init(mergedOptions, callback);\n      clone.translator.options = clone.options;\n      clone.translator.backendConnector.services.utils = {\n        hasLoadedNamespace: clone.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(clone)\n      };\n      return clone;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"toJSON\",\n    value: function toJSON() {\n      return {\n        options: this.options,\n        store: this.store,\n        language: this.language,\n        languages: this.languages\n      };\n    }\n  }]);\n  return I18n;\n}(EventEmitter);\nvar i18next = new I18n();\nexport default i18next;","import _classCallCheck from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/classCallCheck\";\nimport _createClass from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/createClass\";\nimport _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React from 'react';\nvar defaultOptions = {\n  bindI18n: 'languageChanged',\n  bindI18nStore: '',\n  transEmptyNodeValue: '',\n  transSupportBasicHtmlNodes: true,\n  transWrapTextNodes: '',\n  transKeepBasicHtmlNodesFor: ['br', 'strong', 'i', 'p'],\n  useSuspense: true\n};\nvar i18nInstance;\nexport var I18nContext = React.createContext();\nexport function setDefaults() {\n  var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  defaultOptions = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, defaultOptions), options);\n}\nexport function getDefaults() {\n  return defaultOptions;\n}\nexport var ReportNamespaces = function () {\n  function ReportNamespaces() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ReportNamespaces);\n    this.usedNamespaces = {};\n  }\n  _createClass(ReportNamespaces, [{\n    key: \"addUsedNamespaces\",\n    value: function addUsedNamespaces(namespaces) {\n      var _this = this;\n      namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n        if (!_this.usedNamespaces[ns]) _this.usedNamespaces[ns] = true;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getUsedNamespaces\",\n    value: function getUsedNamespaces() {\n      return Object.keys(this.usedNamespaces);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ReportNamespaces;\n}();\nexport function setI18n(instance) {\n  i18nInstance = instance;\n}\nexport function getI18n() {\n  return i18nInstance;\n}\nexport var initReactI18next = {\n  type: '3rdParty',\n  init: function init(instance) {\n    setDefaults(instance.options.react);\n    setI18n(instance);\n  }\n};\nexport function composeInitialProps(ForComponent) {\n  return function (ctx) {\n    return new Promise(function (resolve) {\n      var i18nInitialProps = getInitialProps();\n      if (ForComponent.getInitialProps) {\n        ForComponent.getInitialProps(ctx).then(function (componentsInitialProps) {\n          resolve(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, componentsInitialProps), i18nInitialProps));\n        });\n      } else {\n        resolve(i18nInitialProps);\n      }\n    });\n  };\n}\nexport function getInitialProps() {\n  var i18n = getI18n();\n  var namespaces = i18n.reportNamespaces ? i18n.reportNamespaces.getUsedNamespaces() : [];\n  var ret = {};\n  var initialI18nStore = {};\n  i18n.languages.forEach(function (l) {\n    initialI18nStore[l] = {};\n    namespaces.forEach(function (ns) {\n      initialI18nStore[l][ns] = i18n.getResourceBundle(l, ns) || {};\n    });\n  });\n  ret.initialI18nStore = initialI18nStore;\n  ret.initialLanguage = i18n.language;\n  return ret;\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/slicedToArray\";\nimport _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport { useState, useEffect, useContext, useRef } from 'react';\nimport { getI18n, getDefaults, ReportNamespaces, I18nContext } from './context';\nimport { warnOnce, loadNamespaces, hasLoadedNamespace } from './utils';\nexport function useTranslation(ns) {\n  var props = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  var i18nFromProps = props.i18n;\n  var _ref = useContext(I18nContext) || {},\n    i18nFromContext = _ref.i18n,\n    defaultNSFromContext = _ref.defaultNS;\n  var i18n = i18nFromProps || i18nFromContext || getI18n();\n  if (i18n && !i18n.reportNamespaces) i18n.reportNamespaces = new ReportNamespaces();\n  if (!i18n) {\n    warnOnce('You will need to pass in an i18next instance by using initReactI18next');\n    var notReadyT = function notReadyT(k) {\n      return Array.isArray(k) ? k[k.length - 1] : k;\n    };\n    var retNotReady = [notReadyT, {}, false];\n    retNotReady.t = notReadyT;\n    retNotReady.i18n = {};\n    retNotReady.ready = false;\n    return retNotReady;\n  }\n  if (i18n.options.react && i18n.options.react.wait !== undefined) warnOnce('It seems you are still using the old wait option, you may migrate to the new useSuspense behaviour.');\n  var i18nOptions = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, getDefaults()), i18n.options.react), props);\n  var useSuspense = i18nOptions.useSuspense;\n  var namespaces = ns || defaultNSFromContext || i18n.options && i18n.options.defaultNS;\n  namespaces = typeof namespaces === 'string' ? [namespaces] : namespaces || ['translation'];\n  if (i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces) i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces(namespaces);\n  var ready = (i18n.isInitialized || i18n.initializedStoreOnce) && namespaces.every(function (n) {\n    return hasLoadedNamespace(n, i18n, i18nOptions);\n  });\n  function getT() {\n    return i18n.getFixedT(null, i18nOptions.nsMode === 'fallback' ? namespaces : namespaces[0]);\n  }\n  var _useState = useState(getT),\n    _useState2 = _slicedToArray(_useState, 2),\n    t = _useState2[0],\n    setT = _useState2[1];\n  var isMounted = useRef(true);\n  useEffect(function () {\n    var bindI18n = i18nOptions.bindI18n,\n      bindI18nStore = i18nOptions.bindI18nStore;\n    isMounted.current = true;\n    if (!ready && !useSuspense) {\n      loadNamespaces(i18n, namespaces, function () {\n        if (isMounted.current) setT(getT);\n      });\n    }\n    function boundReset() {\n      if (isMounted.current) setT(getT);\n    }\n    if (bindI18n && i18n) i18n.on(bindI18n, boundReset);\n    if (bindI18nStore && i18n) i18n.store.on(bindI18nStore, boundReset);\n    return function () {\n      isMounted.current = false;\n      if (bindI18n && i18n) bindI18n.split(' ').forEach(function (e) {\n        return i18n.off(e, boundReset);\n      });\n      if (bindI18nStore && i18n) bindI18nStore.split(' ').forEach(function (e) {\n        return i18n.store.off(e, boundReset);\n      });\n    };\n  }, [i18n, namespaces.join()]);\n  var isInitial = useRef(true);\n  useEffect(function () {\n    if (isMounted.current && !isInitial.current) {\n      setT(getT);\n    }\n    isInitial.current = false;\n  }, [i18n]);\n  var ret = [t, i18n, ready];\n  ret.t = t;\n  ret.i18n = i18n;\n  ret.ready = ready;\n  if (ready) return ret;\n  if (!ready && !useSuspense) return ret;\n  throw new Promise(function (resolve) {\n    loadNamespaces(i18n, namespaces, function () {\n      resolve();\n    });\n  });\n}","export function warn() {\n  if (console && console.warn) {\n    var _console;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    if (typeof args[0] === 'string') args[0] = \"react-i18next:: \".concat(args[0]);\n    (_console = console).warn.apply(_console, args);\n  }\n}\nvar alreadyWarned = {};\nexport function warnOnce() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  if (typeof args[0] === 'string' && alreadyWarned[args[0]]) return;\n  if (typeof args[0] === 'string') alreadyWarned[args[0]] = new Date();\n  warn.apply(void 0, args);\n}\nexport function loadNamespaces(i18n, ns, cb) {\n  i18n.loadNamespaces(ns, function () {\n    if (i18n.isInitialized) {\n      cb();\n    } else {\n      var initialized = function initialized() {\n        setTimeout(function () {\n          i18n.off('initialized', initialized);\n        }, 0);\n        cb();\n      };\n      i18n.on('initialized', initialized);\n    }\n  });\n}\nexport function hasLoadedNamespace(ns, i18n) {\n  var options = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {};\n  if (!i18n.languages || !i18n.languages.length) {\n    warnOnce('i18n.languages were undefined or empty', i18n.languages);\n    return true;\n  }\n  var lng = i18n.languages[0];\n  var fallbackLng = i18n.options ? i18n.options.fallbackLng : false;\n  var lastLng = i18n.languages[i18n.languages.length - 1];\n  if (lng.toLowerCase() === 'cimode') return true;\n  var loadNotPending = function loadNotPending(l, n) {\n    var loadState = i18n.services.backendConnector.state[\"\".concat(l, \"|\").concat(n)];\n    return loadState === -1 || loadState === 2;\n  };\n  if (options.bindI18n && options.bindI18n.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 && i18n.services.backendConnector.backend && i18n.isLanguageChangingTo && !loadNotPending(i18n.isLanguageChangingTo, ns)) return false;\n  if (i18n.hasResourceBundle(lng, ns)) return true;\n  if (!i18n.services.backendConnector.backend) return true;\n  if (loadNotPending(lng, ns) && (!fallbackLng || loadNotPending(lastLng, ns))) return true;\n  return false;\n}\nexport function getDisplayName(Component) {\n  return Component.displayName || Component.name || (typeof Component === 'string' && Component.length > 0 ? Component : 'Unknown');\n}","import _defineProperty from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/defineProperty\";\nimport _slicedToArray from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/slicedToArray\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/objectWithoutProperties\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React from 'react';\nimport { useTranslation } from './useTranslation';\nimport { getDisplayName } from './utils';\nexport function withTranslation(ns) {\n  var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  return function Extend(WrappedComponent) {\n    function I18nextWithTranslation(_ref) {\n      var forwardedRef = _ref.forwardedRef,\n        rest = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"forwardedRef\"]);\n      var _useTranslation = useTranslation(ns, rest),\n        _useTranslation2 = _slicedToArray(_useTranslation, 3),\n        t = _useTranslation2[0],\n        i18n = _useTranslation2[1],\n        ready = _useTranslation2[2];\n      var passDownProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rest), {}, {\n        t: t,\n        i18n: i18n,\n        tReady: ready\n      });\n      if (options.withRef && forwardedRef) {\n        passDownProps.ref = forwardedRef;\n      } else if (!options.withRef && forwardedRef) {\n        passDownProps.forwardedRef = forwardedRef;\n      }\n      return React.createElement(WrappedComponent, passDownProps);\n    }\n    I18nextWithTranslation.displayName = \"withI18nextTranslation(\".concat(getDisplayName(WrappedComponent), \")\");\n    I18nextWithTranslation.WrappedComponent = WrappedComponent;\n    var forwardRef = function forwardRef(props, ref) {\n      return React.createElement(I18nextWithTranslation, Object.assign({}, props, {\n        forwardedRef: ref\n      }));\n    };\n    return options.withRef ? React.forwardRef(forwardRef) : I18nextWithTranslation;\n  };\n}","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\nvar Motion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(Motion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(Motion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      // TOOD: warn against putting a config in here\n      defaultStyle: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number),\n      style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].number, _propTypes2['default'].object])).isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      onRest: _propTypes2['default'].func\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function Motion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Motion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.wasAnimating = false;\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyle = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (destStyle) {\n      var dirty = false;\n      var _state = _this.state;\n      var currentStyle = _state.currentStyle;\n      var currentVelocity = _state.currentVelocity;\n      var lastIdealStyle = _state.lastIdealStyle;\n      var lastIdealVelocity = _state.lastIdealVelocity;\n      for (var key in destStyle) {\n        if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(destStyle, key)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n        var styleValue = destStyle[key];\n        if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n          if (!dirty) {\n            dirty = true;\n            currentStyle = _extends({}, currentStyle);\n            currentVelocity = _extends({}, currentVelocity);\n            lastIdealStyle = _extends({}, lastIdealStyle);\n            lastIdealVelocity = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocity);\n          }\n          currentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n          currentVelocity[key] = 0;\n          lastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n          lastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n        }\n      }\n      if (dirty) {\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyle: currentStyle,\n          currentVelocity: currentVelocity,\n          lastIdealStyle: lastIdealStyle,\n          lastIdealVelocity: lastIdealVelocity\n        });\n      }\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        var propsStyle = _this.props.style;\n        if (_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](_this.state.currentStyle, propsStyle, _this.state.currentVelocity)) {\n          if (_this.wasAnimating && _this.props.onRest) {\n            _this.props.onRest();\n          }\n\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.wasAnimating = false;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        _this.wasAnimating = true;\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n        var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n        var newCurrentStyle = {};\n        var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n        for (var key in propsStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propsStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = propsStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n            newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n            newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n            newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n          } else {\n            var newLastIdealStyleValue = _this.state.lastIdealStyle[key];\n            var newLastIdealVelocityValue = _this.state.lastIdealVelocity[key];\n            for (var i = 0; i < framesToCatchUp; i++) {\n              var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n              newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n            }\n            var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n            var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n            var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n            newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n            newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n            newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n            newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n          }\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyle: newCurrentStyle,\n          currentVelocity: newCurrentVelocity,\n          lastIdealStyle: newLastIdealStyle,\n          lastIdealVelocity: newLastIdealVelocity\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyle = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  Motion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyle = _props.defaultStyle;\n    var style = _props.style;\n    var currentStyle = defaultStyle || _stripStyle2['default'](style);\n    var currentVelocity = _mapToZero2['default'](currentStyle);\n    return {\n      currentStyle: currentStyle,\n      currentVelocity: currentVelocity,\n      lastIdealStyle: currentStyle,\n      lastIdealVelocity: currentVelocity\n    };\n  };\n\n  // it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n  // changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n  // at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n  // compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n  // In reality currentStyle should be 400\n\n  Motion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyle != null) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyle);\n    }\n    this.unreadPropStyle = props.style;\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  Motion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(this.state.currentStyle);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return Motion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = Motion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// after checking for unreadPropStyle != null, we manually go set the\n// non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n// config)","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\nfunction shouldStopAnimationAll(currentStyles, styles, currentVelocities) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < currentStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (!_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](currentStyles[i], styles[i], currentVelocities[i])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\nvar StaggeredMotion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(StaggeredMotion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(StaggeredMotion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      // TOOD: warn against putting a config in here\n      defaultStyles: _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number)),\n      styles: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function StaggeredMotion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, StaggeredMotion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (unreadPropStyles) {\n      var _state = _this.state;\n      var currentStyles = _state.currentStyles;\n      var currentVelocities = _state.currentVelocities;\n      var lastIdealStyles = _state.lastIdealStyles;\n      var lastIdealVelocities = _state.lastIdealVelocities;\n      var someDirty = false;\n      for (var i = 0; i < unreadPropStyles.length; i++) {\n        var unreadPropStyle = unreadPropStyles[i];\n        var dirty = false;\n        for (var key in unreadPropStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(unreadPropStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = unreadPropStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            if (!dirty) {\n              dirty = true;\n              someDirty = true;\n              currentStyles[i] = _extends({}, currentStyles[i]);\n              currentVelocities[i] = _extends({}, currentVelocities[i]);\n              lastIdealStyles[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealStyles[i]);\n              lastIdealVelocities[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocities[i]);\n            }\n            currentStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            currentVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            lastIdealStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            lastIdealVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      if (someDirty) {\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: currentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities\n        });\n      }\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        var destStyles = _this.props.styles(_this.state.lastIdealStyles);\n\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        if (shouldStopAnimationAll(_this.state.currentStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities)) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var newLastIdealStyles = [];\n        var newLastIdealVelocities = [];\n        var newCurrentStyles = [];\n        var newCurrentVelocities = [];\n        for (var i = 0; i < destStyles.length; i++) {\n          var destStyle = destStyles[i];\n          var newCurrentStyle = {};\n          var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n          var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n          var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n          for (var key in destStyle) {\n            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(destStyle, key)) {\n              continue;\n            }\n            var styleValue = destStyle[key];\n            if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n            } else {\n              var newLastIdealStyleValue = _this.state.lastIdealStyles[i][key];\n              var newLastIdealVelocityValue = _this.state.lastIdealVelocities[i][key];\n              for (var j = 0; j < framesToCatchUp; j++) {\n                var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n                newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n                newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n              }\n              var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n              var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n            }\n          }\n          newCurrentStyles[i] = newCurrentStyle;\n          newCurrentVelocities[i] = newCurrentVelocity;\n          newLastIdealStyles[i] = newLastIdealStyle;\n          newLastIdealVelocities[i] = newLastIdealVelocity;\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: newCurrentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: newCurrentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: newLastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: newLastIdealVelocities\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyles = _props.defaultStyles;\n    var styles = _props.styles;\n    var currentStyles = defaultStyles || styles().map(_stripStyle2['default']);\n    var currentVelocities = currentStyles.map(function (currentStyle) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](currentStyle);\n    });\n    return {\n      currentStyles: currentStyles,\n      currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n      lastIdealStyles: currentStyles,\n      lastIdealVelocities: currentVelocities\n    };\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyles != null) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyles);\n    }\n    this.unreadPropStyles = props.styles(this.state.lastIdealStyles);\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  StaggeredMotion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(this.state.currentStyles);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return StaggeredMotion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = StaggeredMotion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n// changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n// at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n// compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n// In reality currentStyle should be 400\n\n// after checking for unreadPropStyles != null, we manually go set the\n// non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n// config)","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if ('value' in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError('Cannot call a class as a function');\n  }\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== 'function' && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError('Super expression must either be null or a function, not ' + typeof superClass);\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar _mapToZero = require('./mapToZero');\nvar _mapToZero2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mapToZero);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nvar _stripStyle2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stripStyle);\nvar _stepper3 = require('./stepper');\nvar _stepper4 = _interopRequireDefault(_stepper3);\nvar _mergeDiff = require('./mergeDiff');\nvar _mergeDiff2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mergeDiff);\nvar _performanceNow = require('performance-now');\nvar _performanceNow2 = _interopRequireDefault(_performanceNow);\nvar _raf = require('raf');\nvar _raf2 = _interopRequireDefault(_raf);\nvar _shouldStopAnimation = require('./shouldStopAnimation');\nvar _shouldStopAnimation2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shouldStopAnimation);\nvar _react = require('react');\nvar _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);\nvar _propTypes = require('prop-types');\nvar _propTypes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_propTypes);\nvar msPerFrame = 1000 / 60;\n\n// the children function & (potential) styles function asks as param an\n// Array<TransitionPlainStyle>, where each TransitionPlainStyle is of the format\n// {key: string, data?: any, style: PlainStyle}. However, the way we keep\n// internal states doesn't contain such a data structure (check the state and\n// TransitionMotionState). So when children function and others ask for such\n// data we need to generate them on the fly by combining mergedPropsStyles and\n// currentStyles/lastIdealStyles\nfunction rehydrateStyles(mergedPropsStyles, unreadPropStyles, plainStyles) {\n  // Copy the value to a `const` so that Flow understands that the const won't\n  // change and will be non-nullable in the callback below.\n  var cUnreadPropStyles = unreadPropStyles;\n  if (cUnreadPropStyles == null) {\n    return mergedPropsStyles.map(function (mergedPropsStyle, i) {\n      return {\n        key: mergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: mergedPropsStyle.data,\n        style: plainStyles[i]\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  return mergedPropsStyles.map(function (mergedPropsStyle, i) {\n    for (var j = 0; j < cUnreadPropStyles.length; j++) {\n      if (cUnreadPropStyles[j].key === mergedPropsStyle.key) {\n        return {\n          key: cUnreadPropStyles[j].key,\n          data: cUnreadPropStyles[j].data,\n          style: plainStyles[i]\n        };\n      }\n    }\n    return {\n      key: mergedPropsStyle.key,\n      data: mergedPropsStyle.data,\n      style: plainStyles[i]\n    };\n  });\n}\nfunction shouldStopAnimationAll(currentStyles, destStyles, currentVelocities, mergedPropsStyles) {\n  if (mergedPropsStyles.length !== destStyles.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < mergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (mergedPropsStyles[i].key !== destStyles[i].key) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // we have the invariant that mergedPropsStyles and\n  // currentStyles/currentVelocities/last* are synced in terms of cells, see\n  // mergeAndSync comment for more info\n  for (var i = 0; i < mergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    if (!_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](currentStyles[i], destStyles[i].style, currentVelocities[i])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\n// core key merging logic\n\n// things to do: say previously merged style is {a, b}, dest style (prop) is {b,\n// c}, previous current (interpolating) style is {a, b}\n// **invariant**: current[i] corresponds to merged[i] in terms of key\n\n// steps:\n// turn merged style into {a?, b, c}\n//    add c, value of c is destStyles.c\n//    maybe remove a, aka call willLeave(a), then merged is either {b, c} or {a, b, c}\n// turn current (interpolating) style from {a, b} into {a?, b, c}\n//    maybe remove a\n//    certainly add c, value of c is willEnter(c)\n// loop over merged and construct new current\n// dest doesn't change, that's owner's\nfunction mergeAndSync(willEnter, willLeave, didLeave, oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, oldCurrentStyles, oldCurrentVelocities, oldLastIdealStyles, oldLastIdealVelocities) {\n  var newMergedPropsStyles = _mergeDiff2['default'](oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, function (oldIndex, oldMergedPropsStyle) {\n    var leavingStyle = willLeave(oldMergedPropsStyle);\n    if (leavingStyle == null) {\n      didLeave({\n        key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data\n      });\n      return null;\n    }\n    if (_shouldStopAnimation2['default'](oldCurrentStyles[oldIndex], leavingStyle, oldCurrentVelocities[oldIndex])) {\n      didLeave({\n        key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n        data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data\n      });\n      return null;\n    }\n    return {\n      key: oldMergedPropsStyle.key,\n      data: oldMergedPropsStyle.data,\n      style: leavingStyle\n    };\n  });\n  var newCurrentStyles = [];\n  var newCurrentVelocities = [];\n  var newLastIdealStyles = [];\n  var newLastIdealVelocities = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < newMergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n    var newMergedPropsStyleCell = newMergedPropsStyles[i];\n    var foundOldIndex = null;\n    for (var j = 0; j < oldMergedPropsStyles.length; j++) {\n      if (oldMergedPropsStyles[j].key === newMergedPropsStyleCell.key) {\n        foundOldIndex = j;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    // TODO: key search code\n    if (foundOldIndex == null) {\n      var plainStyle = willEnter(newMergedPropsStyleCell);\n      newCurrentStyles[i] = plainStyle;\n      newLastIdealStyles[i] = plainStyle;\n      var velocity = _mapToZero2['default'](newMergedPropsStyleCell.style);\n      newCurrentVelocities[i] = velocity;\n      newLastIdealVelocities[i] = velocity;\n    } else {\n      newCurrentStyles[i] = oldCurrentStyles[foundOldIndex];\n      newLastIdealStyles[i] = oldLastIdealStyles[foundOldIndex];\n      newCurrentVelocities[i] = oldCurrentVelocities[foundOldIndex];\n      newLastIdealVelocities[i] = oldLastIdealVelocities[foundOldIndex];\n    }\n  }\n  return [newMergedPropsStyles, newCurrentStyles, newCurrentVelocities, newLastIdealStyles, newLastIdealVelocities];\n}\nvar TransitionMotion = function (_React$Component) {\n  _inherits(TransitionMotion, _React$Component);\n  _createClass(TransitionMotion, null, [{\n    key: 'propTypes',\n    value: {\n      defaultStyles: _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].shape({\n        key: _propTypes2['default'].string.isRequired,\n        data: _propTypes2['default'].any,\n        style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].number).isRequired\n      })),\n      styles: _propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].func, _propTypes2['default'].arrayOf(_propTypes2['default'].shape({\n        key: _propTypes2['default'].string.isRequired,\n        data: _propTypes2['default'].any,\n        style: _propTypes2['default'].objectOf(_propTypes2['default'].oneOfType([_propTypes2['default'].number, _propTypes2['default'].object])).isRequired\n      }))]).isRequired,\n      children: _propTypes2['default'].func.isRequired,\n      willEnter: _propTypes2['default'].func,\n      willLeave: _propTypes2['default'].func,\n      didLeave: _propTypes2['default'].func\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }, {\n    key: 'defaultProps',\n    value: {\n      willEnter: function willEnter(styleThatEntered) {\n        return _stripStyle2['default'](styleThatEntered.style);\n      },\n      // recall: returning null makes the current unmounting TransitionStyle\n      // disappear immediately\n      willLeave: function willLeave() {\n        return null;\n      },\n      didLeave: function didLeave() {}\n    },\n    enumerable: true\n  }]);\n  function TransitionMotion(props) {\n    var _this = this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, TransitionMotion);\n    _React$Component.call(this, props);\n    this.unmounting = false;\n    this.animationID = null;\n    this.prevTime = 0;\n    this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n    this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n    this.clearUnreadPropStyle = function (unreadPropStyles) {\n      var _mergeAndSync = mergeAndSync(_this.props.willEnter, _this.props.willLeave, _this.props.didLeave, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles, unreadPropStyles, _this.state.currentStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.lastIdealStyles, _this.state.lastIdealVelocities);\n      var mergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync[0];\n      var currentStyles = _mergeAndSync[1];\n      var currentVelocities = _mergeAndSync[2];\n      var lastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync[3];\n      var lastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync[4];\n      for (var i = 0; i < unreadPropStyles.length; i++) {\n        var unreadPropStyle = unreadPropStyles[i].style;\n        var dirty = false;\n        for (var key in unreadPropStyle) {\n          if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(unreadPropStyle, key)) {\n            continue;\n          }\n          var styleValue = unreadPropStyle[key];\n          if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n            if (!dirty) {\n              dirty = true;\n              currentStyles[i] = _extends({}, currentStyles[i]);\n              currentVelocities[i] = _extends({}, currentVelocities[i]);\n              lastIdealStyles[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealStyles[i]);\n              lastIdealVelocities[i] = _extends({}, lastIdealVelocities[i]);\n              mergedPropsStyles[i] = {\n                key: mergedPropsStyles[i].key,\n                data: mergedPropsStyles[i].data,\n                style: _extends({}, mergedPropsStyles[i].style)\n              };\n            }\n            currentStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            currentVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            lastIdealStyles[i][key] = styleValue;\n            lastIdealVelocities[i][key] = 0;\n            mergedPropsStyles[i].style[key] = styleValue;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // unlike the other 2 components, we can't detect staleness and optionally\n      // opt out of setState here. each style object's data might contain new\n      // stuff we're not/cannot compare\n      _this.setState({\n        currentStyles: currentStyles,\n        currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n        mergedPropsStyles: mergedPropsStyles,\n        lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n        lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities\n      });\n    };\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary = function () {\n      if (_this.unmounting) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // TODO: when config is {a: 10} and dest is {a: 10} do we raf once and\n      // call cb? No, otherwise accidental parent rerender causes cb trigger\n      _this.animationID = _raf2['default'](function (timestamp) {\n        // https://github.com/chenglou/react-motion/pull/420\n        // > if execution passes the conditional if (this.unmounting), then\n        // executes async defaultRaf and after that component unmounts and after\n        // that the callback of defaultRaf is called, then setState will be called\n        // on unmounted component.\n        if (_this.unmounting) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var propStyles = _this.props.styles;\n        var destStyles = typeof propStyles === 'function' ? propStyles(rehydrateStyles(_this.state.mergedPropsStyles, _this.unreadPropStyles, _this.state.lastIdealStyles)) : propStyles;\n\n        // check if we need to animate in the first place\n        if (shouldStopAnimationAll(_this.state.currentStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles)) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentTime = timestamp || _performanceNow2['default']();\n        var timeDelta = currentTime - _this.prevTime;\n        _this.prevTime = currentTime;\n        _this.accumulatedTime = _this.accumulatedTime + timeDelta;\n        // more than 10 frames? prolly switched browser tab. Restart\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime > msPerFrame * 10) {\n          _this.accumulatedTime = 0;\n        }\n        if (_this.accumulatedTime === 0) {\n          // no need to cancel animationID here; shouldn't have any in flight\n          _this.animationID = null;\n          _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n          return;\n        }\n        var currentFrameCompletion = (_this.accumulatedTime - Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame) * msPerFrame) / msPerFrame;\n        var framesToCatchUp = Math.floor(_this.accumulatedTime / msPerFrame);\n        var _mergeAndSync2 = mergeAndSync(_this.props.willEnter, _this.props.willLeave, _this.props.didLeave, _this.state.mergedPropsStyles, destStyles, _this.state.currentStyles, _this.state.currentVelocities, _this.state.lastIdealStyles, _this.state.lastIdealVelocities);\n        var newMergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync2[0];\n        var newCurrentStyles = _mergeAndSync2[1];\n        var newCurrentVelocities = _mergeAndSync2[2];\n        var newLastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync2[3];\n        var newLastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync2[4];\n        for (var i = 0; i < newMergedPropsStyles.length; i++) {\n          var newMergedPropsStyle = newMergedPropsStyles[i].style;\n          var newCurrentStyle = {};\n          var newCurrentVelocity = {};\n          var newLastIdealStyle = {};\n          var newLastIdealVelocity = {};\n          for (var key in newMergedPropsStyle) {\n            if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(newMergedPropsStyle, key)) {\n              continue;\n            }\n            var styleValue = newMergedPropsStyle[key];\n            if (typeof styleValue === 'number') {\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = 0;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = styleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = 0;\n            } else {\n              var newLastIdealStyleValue = newLastIdealStyles[i][key];\n              var newLastIdealVelocityValue = newLastIdealVelocities[i][key];\n              for (var j = 0; j < framesToCatchUp; j++) {\n                var _stepper = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n                newLastIdealStyleValue = _stepper[0];\n                newLastIdealVelocityValue = _stepper[1];\n              }\n              var _stepper2 = _stepper4['default'](msPerFrame / 1000, newLastIdealStyleValue, newLastIdealVelocityValue, styleValue.val, styleValue.stiffness, styleValue.damping, styleValue.precision);\n              var nextIdealX = _stepper2[0];\n              var nextIdealV = _stepper2[1];\n              newCurrentStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue + (nextIdealX - newLastIdealStyleValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newCurrentVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue + (nextIdealV - newLastIdealVelocityValue) * currentFrameCompletion;\n              newLastIdealStyle[key] = newLastIdealStyleValue;\n              newLastIdealVelocity[key] = newLastIdealVelocityValue;\n            }\n          }\n          newLastIdealStyles[i] = newLastIdealStyle;\n          newLastIdealVelocities[i] = newLastIdealVelocity;\n          newCurrentStyles[i] = newCurrentStyle;\n          newCurrentVelocities[i] = newCurrentVelocity;\n        }\n        _this.animationID = null;\n        // the amount we're looped over above\n        _this.accumulatedTime -= framesToCatchUp * msPerFrame;\n        _this.setState({\n          currentStyles: newCurrentStyles,\n          currentVelocities: newCurrentVelocities,\n          lastIdealStyles: newLastIdealStyles,\n          lastIdealVelocities: newLastIdealVelocities,\n          mergedPropsStyles: newMergedPropsStyles\n        });\n        _this.unreadPropStyles = null;\n        _this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n      });\n    };\n    this.state = this.defaultState();\n  }\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.defaultState = function defaultState() {\n    var _props = this.props;\n    var defaultStyles = _props.defaultStyles;\n    var styles = _props.styles;\n    var willEnter = _props.willEnter;\n    var willLeave = _props.willLeave;\n    var didLeave = _props.didLeave;\n    var destStyles = typeof styles === 'function' ? styles(defaultStyles) : styles;\n\n    // this is special. for the first time around, we don't have a comparison\n    // between last (no last) and current merged props. we'll compute last so:\n    // say default is {a, b} and styles (dest style) is {b, c}, we'll\n    // fabricate last as {a, b}\n    var oldMergedPropsStyles = undefined;\n    if (defaultStyles == null) {\n      oldMergedPropsStyles = destStyles;\n    } else {\n      oldMergedPropsStyles = defaultStyles.map(function (defaultStyleCell) {\n        // TODO: key search code\n        for (var i = 0; i < destStyles.length; i++) {\n          if (destStyles[i].key === defaultStyleCell.key) {\n            return destStyles[i];\n          }\n        }\n        return defaultStyleCell;\n      });\n    }\n    var oldCurrentStyles = defaultStyles == null ? destStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _stripStyle2['default'](s.style);\n    }) : defaultStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _stripStyle2['default'](s.style);\n    });\n    var oldCurrentVelocities = defaultStyles == null ? destStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](s.style);\n    }) : defaultStyles.map(function (s) {\n      return _mapToZero2['default'](s.style);\n    });\n    var _mergeAndSync3 = mergeAndSync(\n    // Because this is an old-style createReactClass component, Flow doesn't\n    // understand that the willEnter and willLeave props have default values\n    // and will always be present.\n    willEnter, willLeave, didLeave, oldMergedPropsStyles, destStyles, oldCurrentStyles, oldCurrentVelocities, oldCurrentStyles,\n    // oldLastIdealStyles really\n    oldCurrentVelocities);\n    var mergedPropsStyles = _mergeAndSync3[0];\n    var currentStyles = _mergeAndSync3[1];\n    var currentVelocities = _mergeAndSync3[2];\n    var lastIdealStyles = _mergeAndSync3[3];\n    var lastIdealVelocities = _mergeAndSync3[4];\n    // oldLastIdealVelocities really\n\n    return {\n      currentStyles: currentStyles,\n      currentVelocities: currentVelocities,\n      lastIdealStyles: lastIdealStyles,\n      lastIdealVelocities: lastIdealVelocities,\n      mergedPropsStyles: mergedPropsStyles\n    };\n  };\n\n  // after checking for unreadPropStyles != null, we manually go set the\n  // non-interpolating values (those that are a number, without a spring\n  // config)\n\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n    this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentWillReceiveProps = function componentWillReceiveProps(props) {\n    if (this.unreadPropStyles) {\n      // previous props haven't had the chance to be set yet; set them here\n      this.clearUnreadPropStyle(this.unreadPropStyles);\n    }\n    var styles = props.styles;\n    if (typeof styles === 'function') {\n      this.unreadPropStyles = styles(rehydrateStyles(this.state.mergedPropsStyles, this.unreadPropStyles, this.state.lastIdealStyles));\n    } else {\n      this.unreadPropStyles = styles;\n    }\n    if (this.animationID == null) {\n      this.prevTime = _performanceNow2['default']();\n      this.startAnimationIfNecessary();\n    }\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.unmounting = true;\n    if (this.animationID != null) {\n      _raf2['default'].cancel(this.animationID);\n      this.animationID = null;\n    }\n  };\n  TransitionMotion.prototype.render = function render() {\n    var hydratedStyles = rehydrateStyles(this.state.mergedPropsStyles, this.unreadPropStyles, this.state.currentStyles);\n    var renderedChildren = this.props.children(hydratedStyles);\n    return renderedChildren && _react2['default'].Children.only(renderedChildren);\n  };\n  return TransitionMotion;\n}(_react2['default'].Component);\nexports['default'] = TransitionMotion;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n\n// list of styles, each containing interpolating values. Part of what's passed\n// to children function. Notice that this is\n// Array<ActualInterpolatingStyleObject>, without the wrapper that is {key: ...,\n// data: ... style: ActualInterpolatingStyleObject}. Only mergedPropsStyles\n// contains the key & data info (so that we only have a single source of truth\n// for these, and to save space). Check the comment for `rehydrateStyles` to\n// see how we regenerate the entirety of what's passed to children function\n\n// the array that keeps track of currently rendered stuff! Including stuff\n// that you've unmounted but that's still animating. This is where it lives\n\n// it's possible that currentStyle's value is stale: if props is immediately\n// changed from 0 to 400 to spring(0) again, the async currentStyle is still\n// at 0 (didn't have time to tick and interpolate even once). If we naively\n// compare currentStyle with destVal it'll be 0 === 0 (no animation, stop).\n// In reality currentStyle should be 400","// currently used to initiate the velocity style object to 0\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = mapToZero;\nfunction mapToZero(obj) {\n  var ret = {};\n  for (var key in obj) {\n    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n      ret[key] = 0;\n    }\n  }\n  return ret;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// core keys merging algorithm. If previous render's keys are [a, b], and the\n// next render's [c, b, d], what's the final merged keys and ordering?\n\n// - c and a must both be before b\n// - b before d\n// - ordering between a and c ambiguous\n\n// this reduces to merging two partially ordered lists (e.g. lists where not\n// every item has a definite ordering, like comparing a and c above). For the\n// ambiguous ordering we deterministically choose to place the next render's\n// item after the previous'; so c after a\n\n// this is called a topological sorting. Except the existing algorithms don't\n// work well with js bc of the amount of allocation, and isn't optimized for our\n// current use-case bc the runtime is linear in terms of edges (see wiki for\n// meaning), which is huge when two lists have many common elements\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = mergeDiff;\nfunction mergeDiff(prev, next, onRemove) {\n  // bookkeeping for easier access of a key's index below. This is 2 allocations +\n  // potentially triggering chrome hash map mode for objs (so it might be faster\n\n  var prevKeyIndex = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < prev.length; i++) {\n    prevKeyIndex[prev[i].key] = i;\n  }\n  var nextKeyIndex = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n    nextKeyIndex[next[i].key] = i;\n  }\n\n  // first, an overly elaborate way of merging prev and next, eliminating\n  // duplicates (in terms of keys). If there's dupe, keep the item in next).\n  // This way of writing it saves allocations\n  var ret = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n    ret[i] = next[i];\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < prev.length; i++) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextKeyIndex, prev[i].key)) {\n      // this is called my TM's `mergeAndSync`, which calls willLeave. We don't\n      // merge in keys that the user desires to kill\n      var fill = onRemove(i, prev[i]);\n      if (fill != null) {\n        ret.push(fill);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // now all the items all present. Core sorting logic to have the right order\n  return ret.sort(function (a, b) {\n    var nextOrderA = nextKeyIndex[a.key];\n    var nextOrderB = nextKeyIndex[b.key];\n    var prevOrderA = prevKeyIndex[a.key];\n    var prevOrderB = prevKeyIndex[b.key];\n    if (nextOrderA != null && nextOrderB != null) {\n      // both keys in next\n      return nextKeyIndex[a.key] - nextKeyIndex[b.key];\n    } else if (prevOrderA != null && prevOrderB != null) {\n      // both keys in prev\n      return prevKeyIndex[a.key] - prevKeyIndex[b.key];\n    } else if (nextOrderA != null) {\n      // key a in next, key b in prev\n\n      // how to determine the order between a and b? We find a \"pivot\" (term\n      // abuse), a key present in both prev and next, that is sandwiched between\n      // a and b. In the context of our above example, if we're comparing a and\n      // d, b's (the only) pivot\n      for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n        var pivot = next[i].key;\n        if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(prevKeyIndex, pivot)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n        if (nextOrderA < nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderB > prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n          return -1;\n        } else if (nextOrderA > nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderB < prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n          return 1;\n        }\n      }\n      // pluggable. default to: next bigger than prev\n      return 1;\n    }\n    // prevOrderA, nextOrderB\n    for (var i = 0; i < next.length; i++) {\n      var pivot = next[i].key;\n      if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(prevKeyIndex, pivot)) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      if (nextOrderB < nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderA > prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n        return 1;\n      } else if (nextOrderB > nextKeyIndex[pivot] && prevOrderA < prevKeyIndex[pivot]) {\n        return -1;\n      }\n    }\n    // pluggable. default to: next bigger than prev\n    return -1;\n  });\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];\n// to loop through and find a key's index each time), but I no longer care","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports[\"default\"] = {\n  noWobble: {\n    stiffness: 170,\n    damping: 26\n  },\n  // the default, if nothing provided\n  gentle: {\n    stiffness: 120,\n    damping: 14\n  },\n  wobbly: {\n    stiffness: 180,\n    damping: 12\n  },\n  stiff: {\n    stiffness: 210,\n    damping: 20\n  }\n};\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nfunction _interopRequire(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj['default'] : obj;\n}\nvar _Motion = require('./Motion');\nexports.Motion = _interopRequire(_Motion);\nvar _StaggeredMotion = require('./StaggeredMotion');\nexports.StaggeredMotion = _interopRequire(_StaggeredMotion);\nvar _TransitionMotion = require('./TransitionMotion');\nexports.TransitionMotion = _interopRequire(_TransitionMotion);\nvar _spring = require('./spring');\nexports.spring = _interopRequire(_spring);\nvar _presets = require('./presets');\nexports.presets = _interopRequire(_presets);\nvar _stripStyle = require('./stripStyle');\nexports.stripStyle = _interopRequire(_stripStyle);\n\n// deprecated, dummy warning function\n\nvar _reorderKeys = require('./reorderKeys');\nexports.reorderKeys = _interopRequire(_reorderKeys);","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = reorderKeys;\nvar hasWarned = false;\nfunction reorderKeys() {\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {\n    if (!hasWarned) {\n      hasWarned = true;\n      console.error('`reorderKeys` has been removed, since it is no longer needed for TransitionMotion\\'s new styles array API.');\n    }\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// usage assumption: currentStyle values have already been rendered but it says\n// nothing of whether currentStyle is stale (see unreadPropStyle)\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = shouldStopAnimation;\nfunction shouldStopAnimation(currentStyle, style, currentVelocity) {\n  for (var key in style) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(style, key)) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (currentVelocity[key] !== 0) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var styleValue = typeof style[key] === 'number' ? style[key] : style[key].val;\n    // stepper will have already taken care of rounding precision errors, so\n    // won't have such thing as 0.9999 !=== 1\n    if (currentStyle[key] !== styleValue) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nvar _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i];\n    for (var key in source) {\n      if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n        target[key] = source[key];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n};\nexports['default'] = spring;\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    'default': obj\n  };\n}\nvar _presets = require('./presets');\nvar _presets2 = _interopRequireDefault(_presets);\nvar defaultConfig = _extends({}, _presets2['default'].noWobble, {\n  precision: 0.01\n});\nfunction spring(val, config) {\n  return _extends({}, defaultConfig, config, {\n    val: val\n  });\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// stepper is used a lot. Saves allocation to return the same array wrapper.\n// This is fine and danger-free against mutations because the callsite\n// immediately destructures it and gets the numbers inside without passing the\n\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports[\"default\"] = stepper;\nvar reusedTuple = [0, 0];\nfunction stepper(secondPerFrame, x, v, destX, k, b, precision) {\n  // Spring stiffness, in kg / s^2\n\n  // for animations, destX is really spring length (spring at rest). initial\n  // position is considered as the stretched/compressed position of a spring\n  var Fspring = -k * (x - destX);\n\n  // Damping, in kg / s\n  var Fdamper = -b * v;\n\n  // usually we put mass here, but for animation purposes, specifying mass is a\n  // bit redundant. you could simply adjust k and b accordingly\n  // let a = (Fspring + Fdamper) / mass;\n  var a = Fspring + Fdamper;\n  var newV = v + a * secondPerFrame;\n  var newX = x + newV * secondPerFrame;\n  if (Math.abs(newV) < precision && Math.abs(newX - destX) < precision) {\n    reusedTuple[0] = destX;\n    reusedTuple[1] = 0;\n    return reusedTuple;\n  }\n  reusedTuple[0] = newX;\n  reusedTuple[1] = newV;\n  return reusedTuple;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];\n// array reference around.","// turn {x: {val: 1, stiffness: 1, damping: 2}, y: 2} generated by\n// `{x: spring(1, {stiffness: 1, damping: 2}), y: 2}` into {x: 1, y: 2}\n\n'use strict';\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports['default'] = stripStyle;\nfunction stripStyle(style) {\n  var ret = {};\n  for (var key in style) {\n    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(style, key)) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    ret[key] = typeof style[key] === 'number' ? style[key] : style[key].val;\n  }\n  return ret;\n}\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.7.1\n(function () {\n  var getNanoSeconds, hrtime, loadTime;\n  if (typeof performance !== \"undefined\" && performance !== null && performance.now) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return performance.now();\n    };\n  } else if (typeof process !== \"undefined\" && process !== null && process.hrtime) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return (getNanoSeconds() - loadTime) / 1e6;\n    };\n    hrtime = process.hrtime;\n    getNanoSeconds = function getNanoSeconds() {\n      var hr;\n      hr = hrtime();\n      return hr[0] * 1e9 + hr[1];\n    };\n    loadTime = getNanoSeconds();\n  } else if (Date.now) {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return Date.now() - loadTime;\n    };\n    loadTime = Date.now();\n  } else {\n    module.exports = function () {\n      return new Date().getTime() - loadTime;\n    };\n    loadTime = new Date().getTime();\n  }\n}).call(this);","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar PropTypes = _interopRequireWildcard(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _addClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"dom-helpers/class/addClass\"));\nvar _removeClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"dom-helpers/class/removeClass\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _Transition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./Transition\"));\nvar _PropTypes = require(\"./utils/PropTypes\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _interopRequireWildcard(obj) {\n  if (obj && obj.__esModule) {\n    return obj;\n  } else {\n    var newObj = {};\n    if (obj != null) {\n      for (var key in obj) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n          var desc = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : {};\n          if (desc.get || desc.set) {\n            Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc);\n          } else {\n            newObj[key] = obj[key];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    newObj.default = obj;\n    return newObj;\n  }\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar addClass = function addClass(node, classes) {\n  return node && classes && classes.split(' ').forEach(function (c) {\n    return (0, _addClass.default)(node, c);\n  });\n};\nvar removeClass = function removeClass(node, classes) {\n  return node && classes && classes.split(' ').forEach(function (c) {\n    return (0, _removeClass.default)(node, c);\n  });\n};\n/**\n * A transition component inspired by the excellent\n * [ng-animate](http://www.nganimate.org/) library, you should use it if you're\n * using CSS transitions or animations. It's built upon the\n * [`Transition`](https://reactcommunity.org/react-transition-group/transition)\n * component, so it inherits all of its props.\n *\n * `CSSTransition` applies a pair of class names during the `appear`, `enter`,\n * and `exit` states of the transition. The first class is applied and then a\n * second `*-active` class in order to activate the CSSS transition. After the\n * transition, matching `*-done` class names are applied to persist the\n * transition state.\n *\n * ```jsx\n * function App() {\n *   const [inProp, setInProp] = useState(false);\n *   return (\n *     <div>\n *       <CSSTransition in={inProp} timeout={200} classNames=\"my-node\">\n *         <div>\n *           {\"I'll receive my-node-* classes\"}\n *         </div>\n *       </CSSTransition>\n *       <button type=\"button\" onClick={() => setInProp(true)}>\n *         Click to Enter\n *       </button>\n *     </div>\n *   );\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * When the `in` prop is set to `true`, the child component will first receive\n * the class `example-enter`, then the `example-enter-active` will be added in\n * the next tick. `CSSTransition` [forces a\n * reflow](https://github.com/reactjs/react-transition-group/blob/5007303e729a74be66a21c3e2205e4916821524b/src/CSSTransition.js#L208-L215)\n * between before adding the `example-enter-active`. This is an important trick\n * because it allows us to transition between `example-enter` and\n * `example-enter-active` even though they were added immediately one after\n * another. Most notably, this is what makes it possible for us to animate\n * _appearance_.\n *\n * ```css\n * .my-node-enter {\n *   opacity: 0;\n * }\n * .my-node-enter-active {\n *   opacity: 1;\n *   transition: opacity 200ms;\n * }\n * .my-node-exit {\n *   opacity: 1;\n * }\n * .my-node-exit-active {\n *   opacity: 0;\n *   transition: opacity: 200ms;\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * `*-active` classes represent which styles you want to animate **to**.\n */\n\nvar CSSTransition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(CSSTransition, _React$Component);\n  function CSSTransition() {\n    var _this;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _React$Component.call.apply(_React$Component, [this].concat(args)) || this;\n    _this.onEnter = function (node, appearing) {\n      var _this$getClassNames = _this.getClassNames(appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter'),\n        className = _this$getClassNames.className;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'exit');\n      addClass(node, className);\n      if (_this.props.onEnter) {\n        _this.props.onEnter(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onEntering = function (node, appearing) {\n      var _this$getClassNames2 = _this.getClassNames(appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter'),\n        activeClassName = _this$getClassNames2.activeClassName;\n      _this.reflowAndAddClass(node, activeClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onEntering) {\n        _this.props.onEntering(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onEntered = function (node, appearing) {\n      var appearClassName = _this.getClassNames('appear').doneClassName;\n      var enterClassName = _this.getClassNames('enter').doneClassName;\n      var doneClassName = appearing ? appearClassName + \" \" + enterClassName : enterClassName;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, appearing ? 'appear' : 'enter');\n      addClass(node, doneClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onEntered) {\n        _this.props.onEntered(node, appearing);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExit = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames3 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        className = _this$getClassNames3.className;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'appear');\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'enter');\n      addClass(node, className);\n      if (_this.props.onExit) {\n        _this.props.onExit(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExiting = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames4 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        activeClassName = _this$getClassNames4.activeClassName;\n      _this.reflowAndAddClass(node, activeClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onExiting) {\n        _this.props.onExiting(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.onExited = function (node) {\n      var _this$getClassNames5 = _this.getClassNames('exit'),\n        doneClassName = _this$getClassNames5.doneClassName;\n      _this.removeClasses(node, 'exit');\n      addClass(node, doneClassName);\n      if (_this.props.onExited) {\n        _this.props.onExited(node);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.getClassNames = function (type) {\n      var classNames = _this.props.classNames;\n      var isStringClassNames = typeof classNames === 'string';\n      var prefix = isStringClassNames && classNames ? classNames + '-' : '';\n      var className = isStringClassNames ? prefix + type : classNames[type];\n      var activeClassName = isStringClassNames ? className + '-active' : classNames[type + 'Active'];\n      var doneClassName = isStringClassNames ? className + '-done' : classNames[type + 'Done'];\n      return {\n        className: className,\n        activeClassName: activeClassName,\n        doneClassName: doneClassName\n      };\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = CSSTransition.prototype;\n  _proto.removeClasses = function removeClasses(node, type) {\n    var _this$getClassNames6 = this.getClassNames(type),\n      className = _this$getClassNames6.className,\n      activeClassName = _this$getClassNames6.activeClassName,\n      doneClassName = _this$getClassNames6.doneClassName;\n    className && removeClass(node, className);\n    activeClassName && removeClass(node, activeClassName);\n    doneClassName && removeClass(node, doneClassName);\n  };\n  _proto.reflowAndAddClass = function reflowAndAddClass(node, className) {\n    // This is for to force a repaint,\n    // which is necessary in order to transition styles when adding a class name.\n    if (className) {\n      /* eslint-disable no-unused-expressions */\n      node && node.scrollTop;\n      /* eslint-enable no-unused-expressions */\n\n      addClass(node, className);\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var props = _extends({}, this.props);\n    delete props.classNames;\n    return _react.default.createElement(_Transition.default, _extends({}, props, {\n      onEnter: this.onEnter,\n      onEntered: this.onEntered,\n      onEntering: this.onEntering,\n      onExit: this.onExit,\n      onExiting: this.onExiting,\n      onExited: this.onExited\n    }));\n  };\n  return CSSTransition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nCSSTransition.defaultProps = {\n  classNames: ''\n};\nCSSTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? _extends({}, _Transition.default.propTypes, {\n  /**\n   * The animation classNames applied to the component as it enters, exits or\n   * has finished the transition. A single name can be provided and it will be\n   * suffixed for each stage: e.g.\n   *\n   * `classNames=\"fade\"` applies `fade-enter`, `fade-enter-active`,\n   * `fade-enter-done`, `fade-exit`, `fade-exit-active`, `fade-exit-done`,\n   * `fade-appear`, `fade-appear-active`, and `fade-appear-done`.\n   *\n   * **Note**: `fade-appear-done` and `fade-enter-done` will _both_ be applied.\n   * This allows you to define different behavior for when appearing is done and\n   * when regular entering is done, using selectors like\n   * `.fade-enter-done:not(.fade-appear-done)`. For example, you could apply an\n   * epic entrance animation when element first appears in the DOM using\n   * [Animate.css](https://daneden.github.io/animate.css/). Otherwise you can\n   * simply use `fade-enter-done` for defining both cases.\n   *\n   * Each individual classNames can also be specified independently like:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * classNames={{\n   *  appear: 'my-appear',\n   *  appearActive: 'my-active-appear',\n   *  appearDone: 'my-done-appear',\n   *  enter: 'my-enter',\n   *  enterActive: 'my-active-enter',\n   *  enterDone: 'my-done-enter',\n   *  exit: 'my-exit',\n   *  exitActive: 'my-active-exit',\n   *  exitDone: 'my-done-exit',\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * If you want to set these classes using CSS Modules:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * import styles from './styles.css';\n   * ```\n   *\n   * you might want to use camelCase in your CSS file, that way could simply\n   * spread them instead of listing them one by one:\n   *\n   * ```js\n   * classNames={{ ...styles }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * @type {string | {\n   *  appear?: string,\n   *  appearActive?: string,\n   *  appearDone?: string,\n   *  enter?: string,\n   *  enterActive?: string,\n   *  enterDone?: string,\n   *  exit?: string,\n   *  exitActive?: string,\n   *  exitDone?: string,\n   * }}\n   */\n  classNames: _PropTypes.classNamesShape,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter' or 'appear' class is\n   * applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEnter: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter-active' or\n   * 'appear-active' class is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntering: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'enter' or\n   * 'appear' classes are **removed** and the `done` class is added to the DOM node.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntered: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit' class is\n   * applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExit: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit-active' is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExiting: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * A `<Transition>` callback fired immediately after the 'exit' classes\n   * are **removed** and the `exit-done` class is added to the DOM node.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement)\n   */\n  onExited: PropTypes.func\n}) : {};\nvar _default = CSSTransition;\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactDom = require(\"react-dom\");\nvar _TransitionGroup = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./TransitionGroup\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\n\n/**\n * The `<ReplaceTransition>` component is a specialized `Transition` component\n * that animates between two children.\n *\n * ```jsx\n * <ReplaceTransition in>\n *   <Fade><div>I appear first</div></Fade>\n *   <Fade><div>I replace the above</div></Fade>\n * </ReplaceTransition>\n * ```\n */\nvar ReplaceTransition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(ReplaceTransition, _React$Component);\n  function ReplaceTransition() {\n    var _this;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, _args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      _args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _React$Component.call.apply(_React$Component, [this].concat(_args)) || this;\n    _this.handleEnter = function () {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEnter', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleEntering = function () {\n      for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n        args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEntering', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleEntered = function () {\n      for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n        args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onEntered', 0, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExit = function () {\n      for (var _len5 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len5), _key5 = 0; _key5 < _len5; _key5++) {\n        args[_key5] = arguments[_key5];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExit', 1, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExiting = function () {\n      for (var _len6 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len6), _key6 = 0; _key6 < _len6; _key6++) {\n        args[_key6] = arguments[_key6];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExiting', 1, args);\n    };\n    _this.handleExited = function () {\n      for (var _len7 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len7), _key7 = 0; _key7 < _len7; _key7++) {\n        args[_key7] = arguments[_key7];\n      }\n      return _this.handleLifecycle('onExited', 1, args);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = ReplaceTransition.prototype;\n  _proto.handleLifecycle = function handleLifecycle(handler, idx, originalArgs) {\n    var _child$props;\n    var children = this.props.children;\n    var child = _react.default.Children.toArray(children)[idx];\n    if (child.props[handler]) (_child$props = child.props)[handler].apply(_child$props, originalArgs);\n    if (this.props[handler]) this.props[handler]((0, _reactDom.findDOMNode)(this));\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      children = _this$props.children,\n      inProp = _this$props.in,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"children\", \"in\"]);\n    var _React$Children$toArr = _react.default.Children.toArray(children),\n      first = _React$Children$toArr[0],\n      second = _React$Children$toArr[1];\n    delete props.onEnter;\n    delete props.onEntering;\n    delete props.onEntered;\n    delete props.onExit;\n    delete props.onExiting;\n    delete props.onExited;\n    return _react.default.createElement(_TransitionGroup.default, props, inProp ? _react.default.cloneElement(first, {\n      key: 'first',\n      onEnter: this.handleEnter,\n      onEntering: this.handleEntering,\n      onEntered: this.handleEntered\n    }) : _react.default.cloneElement(second, {\n      key: 'second',\n      onEnter: this.handleExit,\n      onEntering: this.handleExiting,\n      onEntered: this.handleExited\n    }));\n  };\n  return ReplaceTransition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nReplaceTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  in: _propTypes.default.bool.isRequired,\n  children: function children(props, propName) {\n    if (_react.default.Children.count(props[propName]) !== 2) return new Error(\"\\\"\" + propName + \"\\\" must be exactly two transition components.\");\n    return null;\n  }\n} : {};\nvar _default = ReplaceTransition;\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = exports.EXITING = exports.ENTERED = exports.ENTERING = exports.EXITED = exports.UNMOUNTED = void 0;\nvar PropTypes = _interopRequireWildcard(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactDom = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react-dom\"));\nvar _reactLifecyclesCompat = require(\"react-lifecycles-compat\");\nvar _PropTypes = require(\"./utils/PropTypes\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _interopRequireWildcard(obj) {\n  if (obj && obj.__esModule) {\n    return obj;\n  } else {\n    var newObj = {};\n    if (obj != null) {\n      for (var key in obj) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {\n          var desc = Object.defineProperty && Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ? Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) : {};\n          if (desc.get || desc.set) {\n            Object.defineProperty(newObj, key, desc);\n          } else {\n            newObj[key] = obj[key];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    newObj.default = obj;\n    return newObj;\n  }\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nvar UNMOUNTED = 'unmounted';\nexports.UNMOUNTED = UNMOUNTED;\nvar EXITED = 'exited';\nexports.EXITED = EXITED;\nvar ENTERING = 'entering';\nexports.ENTERING = ENTERING;\nvar ENTERED = 'entered';\nexports.ENTERED = ENTERED;\nvar EXITING = 'exiting';\n/**\n * The Transition component lets you describe a transition from one component\n * state to another _over time_ with a simple declarative API. Most commonly\n * it's used to animate the mounting and unmounting of a component, but can also\n * be used to describe in-place transition states as well.\n *\n * ---\n *\n * **Note**: `Transition` is a platform-agnostic base component. If you're using\n * transitions in CSS, you'll probably want to use\n * [`CSSTransition`](https://reactcommunity.org/react-transition-group/css-transition)\n * instead. It inherits all the features of `Transition`, but contains\n * additional features necessary to play nice with CSS transitions (hence the\n * name of the component).\n *\n * ---\n *\n * By default the `Transition` component does not alter the behavior of the\n * component it renders, it only tracks \"enter\" and \"exit\" states for the\n * components. It's up to you to give meaning and effect to those states. For\n * example we can add styles to a component when it enters or exits:\n *\n * ```jsx\n * import { Transition } from 'react-transition-group';\n *\n * const duration = 300;\n *\n * const defaultStyle = {\n *   transition: `opacity ${duration}ms ease-in-out`,\n *   opacity: 0,\n * }\n *\n * const transitionStyles = {\n *   entering: { opacity: 0 },\n *   entered:  { opacity: 1 },\n * };\n *\n * const Fade = ({ in: inProp }) => (\n *   <Transition in={inProp} timeout={duration}>\n *     {state => (\n *       <div style={{\n *         ...defaultStyle,\n *         ...transitionStyles[state]\n *       }}>\n *         I'm a fade Transition!\n *       </div>\n *     )}\n *   </Transition>\n * );\n * ```\n *\n * There are 4 main states a Transition can be in:\n *  - `'entering'`\n *  - `'entered'`\n *  - `'exiting'`\n *  - `'exited'`\n *\n * Transition state is toggled via the `in` prop. When `true` the component\n * begins the \"Enter\" stage. During this stage, the component will shift from\n * its current transition state, to `'entering'` for the duration of the\n * transition and then to the `'entered'` stage once it's complete. Let's take\n * the following example (we'll use the\n * [useState](https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usestate) hook):\n *\n * ```jsx\n * function App() {\n *   const [inProp, setInProp] = useState(false);\n *   return (\n *     <div>\n *       <Transition in={inProp} timeout={500}>\n *         {state => (\n *           // ...\n *         )}\n *       </Transition>\n *       <button onClick={() => setInProp(true)}>\n *         Click to Enter\n *       </button>\n *     </div>\n *   );\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * When the button is clicked the component will shift to the `'entering'` state\n * and stay there for 500ms (the value of `timeout`) before it finally switches\n * to `'entered'`.\n *\n * When `in` is `false` the same thing happens except the state moves from\n * `'exiting'` to `'exited'`.\n */\n\nexports.EXITING = EXITING;\nvar Transition = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(Transition, _React$Component);\n  function Transition(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var parentGroup = context.transitionGroup; // In the context of a TransitionGroup all enters are really appears\n\n    var appear = parentGroup && !parentGroup.isMounting ? props.enter : props.appear;\n    var initialStatus;\n    _this.appearStatus = null;\n    if (props.in) {\n      if (appear) {\n        initialStatus = EXITED;\n        _this.appearStatus = ENTERING;\n      } else {\n        initialStatus = ENTERED;\n      }\n    } else {\n      if (props.unmountOnExit || props.mountOnEnter) {\n        initialStatus = UNMOUNTED;\n      } else {\n        initialStatus = EXITED;\n      }\n    }\n    _this.state = {\n      status: initialStatus\n    };\n    _this.nextCallback = null;\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = Transition.prototype;\n  _proto.getChildContext = function getChildContext() {\n    return {\n      transitionGroup: null // allows for nested Transitions\n    };\n  };\n\n  Transition.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(_ref, prevState) {\n    var nextIn = _ref.in;\n    if (nextIn && prevState.status === UNMOUNTED) {\n      return {\n        status: EXITED\n      };\n    }\n    return null;\n  }; // getSnapshotBeforeUpdate(prevProps) {\n  //   let nextStatus = null\n  //   if (prevProps !== this.props) {\n  //     const { status } = this.state\n  //     if (this.props.in) {\n  //       if (status !== ENTERING && status !== ENTERED) {\n  //         nextStatus = ENTERING\n  //       }\n  //     } else {\n  //       if (status === ENTERING || status === ENTERED) {\n  //         nextStatus = EXITING\n  //       }\n  //     }\n  //   }\n  //   return { nextStatus }\n  // }\n\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.updateStatus(true, this.appearStatus);\n  };\n  _proto.componentDidUpdate = function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n    var nextStatus = null;\n    if (prevProps !== this.props) {\n      var status = this.state.status;\n      if (this.props.in) {\n        if (status !== ENTERING && status !== ENTERED) {\n          nextStatus = ENTERING;\n        }\n      } else {\n        if (status === ENTERING || status === ENTERED) {\n          nextStatus = EXITING;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    this.updateStatus(false, nextStatus);\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.cancelNextCallback();\n  };\n  _proto.getTimeouts = function getTimeouts() {\n    var timeout = this.props.timeout;\n    var exit, enter, appear;\n    exit = enter = appear = timeout;\n    if (timeout != null && typeof timeout !== 'number') {\n      exit = timeout.exit;\n      enter = timeout.enter; // TODO: remove fallback for next major\n\n      appear = timeout.appear !== undefined ? timeout.appear : enter;\n    }\n    return {\n      exit: exit,\n      enter: enter,\n      appear: appear\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.updateStatus = function updateStatus(mounting, nextStatus) {\n    if (mounting === void 0) {\n      mounting = false;\n    }\n    if (nextStatus !== null) {\n      // nextStatus will always be ENTERING or EXITING.\n      this.cancelNextCallback();\n      var node = _reactDom.default.findDOMNode(this);\n      if (nextStatus === ENTERING) {\n        this.performEnter(node, mounting);\n      } else {\n        this.performExit(node);\n      }\n    } else if (this.props.unmountOnExit && this.state.status === EXITED) {\n      this.setState({\n        status: UNMOUNTED\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.performEnter = function performEnter(node, mounting) {\n    var _this2 = this;\n    var enter = this.props.enter;\n    var appearing = this.context.transitionGroup ? this.context.transitionGroup.isMounting : mounting;\n    var timeouts = this.getTimeouts();\n    var enterTimeout = appearing ? timeouts.appear : timeouts.enter; // no enter animation skip right to ENTERED\n    // if we are mounting and running this it means appear _must_ be set\n\n    if (!mounting && !enter) {\n      this.safeSetState({\n        status: ENTERED\n      }, function () {\n        _this2.props.onEntered(node);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    this.props.onEnter(node, appearing);\n    this.safeSetState({\n      status: ENTERING\n    }, function () {\n      _this2.props.onEntering(node, appearing);\n      _this2.onTransitionEnd(node, enterTimeout, function () {\n        _this2.safeSetState({\n          status: ENTERED\n        }, function () {\n          _this2.props.onEntered(node, appearing);\n        });\n      });\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.performExit = function performExit(node) {\n    var _this3 = this;\n    var exit = this.props.exit;\n    var timeouts = this.getTimeouts(); // no exit animation skip right to EXITED\n\n    if (!exit) {\n      this.safeSetState({\n        status: EXITED\n      }, function () {\n        _this3.props.onExited(node);\n      });\n      return;\n    }\n    this.props.onExit(node);\n    this.safeSetState({\n      status: EXITING\n    }, function () {\n      _this3.props.onExiting(node);\n      _this3.onTransitionEnd(node, timeouts.exit, function () {\n        _this3.safeSetState({\n          status: EXITED\n        }, function () {\n          _this3.props.onExited(node);\n        });\n      });\n    });\n  };\n  _proto.cancelNextCallback = function cancelNextCallback() {\n    if (this.nextCallback !== null) {\n      this.nextCallback.cancel();\n      this.nextCallback = null;\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.safeSetState = function safeSetState(nextState, callback) {\n    // This shouldn't be necessary, but there are weird race conditions with\n    // setState callbacks and unmounting in testing, so always make sure that\n    // we can cancel any pending setState callbacks after we unmount.\n    callback = this.setNextCallback(callback);\n    this.setState(nextState, callback);\n  };\n  _proto.setNextCallback = function setNextCallback(callback) {\n    var _this4 = this;\n    var active = true;\n    this.nextCallback = function (event) {\n      if (active) {\n        active = false;\n        _this4.nextCallback = null;\n        callback(event);\n      }\n    };\n    this.nextCallback.cancel = function () {\n      active = false;\n    };\n    return this.nextCallback;\n  };\n  _proto.onTransitionEnd = function onTransitionEnd(node, timeout, handler) {\n    this.setNextCallback(handler);\n    var doesNotHaveTimeoutOrListener = timeout == null && !this.props.addEndListener;\n    if (!node || doesNotHaveTimeoutOrListener) {\n      setTimeout(this.nextCallback, 0);\n      return;\n    }\n    if (this.props.addEndListener) {\n      this.props.addEndListener(node, this.nextCallback);\n    }\n    if (timeout != null) {\n      setTimeout(this.nextCallback, timeout);\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var status = this.state.status;\n    if (status === UNMOUNTED) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      children = _this$props.children,\n      childProps = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"children\"]); // filter props for Transtition\n\n    delete childProps.in;\n    delete childProps.mountOnEnter;\n    delete childProps.unmountOnExit;\n    delete childProps.appear;\n    delete childProps.enter;\n    delete childProps.exit;\n    delete childProps.timeout;\n    delete childProps.addEndListener;\n    delete childProps.onEnter;\n    delete childProps.onEntering;\n    delete childProps.onEntered;\n    delete childProps.onExit;\n    delete childProps.onExiting;\n    delete childProps.onExited;\n    if (typeof children === 'function') {\n      return children(status, childProps);\n    }\n    var child = _react.default.Children.only(children);\n    return _react.default.cloneElement(child, childProps);\n  };\n  return Transition;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nTransition.contextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: PropTypes.object\n};\nTransition.childContextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: function transitionGroup() {}\n};\nTransition.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  /**\n   * A `function` child can be used instead of a React element. This function is\n   * called with the current transition status (`'entering'`, `'entered'`,\n   * `'exiting'`, `'exited'`, `'unmounted'`), which can be used to apply context\n   * specific props to a component.\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * <Transition in={this.state.in} timeout={150}>\n   *   {state => (\n   *     <MyComponent className={`fade fade-${state}`} />\n   *   )}\n   * </Transition>\n   * ```\n   */\n  children: PropTypes.oneOfType([PropTypes.func.isRequired, PropTypes.element.isRequired]).isRequired,\n  /**\n   * Show the component; triggers the enter or exit states\n   */\n  in: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * By default the child component is mounted immediately along with\n   * the parent `Transition` component. If you want to \"lazy mount\" the component on the\n   * first `in={true}` you can set `mountOnEnter`. After the first enter transition the component will stay\n   * mounted, even on \"exited\", unless you also specify `unmountOnExit`.\n   */\n  mountOnEnter: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * By default the child component stays mounted after it reaches the `'exited'` state.\n   * Set `unmountOnExit` if you'd prefer to unmount the component after it finishes exiting.\n   */\n  unmountOnExit: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Normally a component is not transitioned if it is shown when the `<Transition>` component mounts.\n   * If you want to transition on the first mount set `appear` to `true`, and the\n   * component will transition in as soon as the `<Transition>` mounts.\n   *\n   * > Note: there are no specific \"appear\" states. `appear` only adds an additional `enter` transition.\n   */\n  appear: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Enable or disable enter transitions.\n   */\n  enter: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * Enable or disable exit transitions.\n   */\n  exit: PropTypes.bool,\n  /**\n   * The duration of the transition, in milliseconds.\n   * Required unless `addEndListener` is provided.\n   *\n   * You may specify a single timeout for all transitions:\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * timeout={500}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * or individually:\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * timeout={{\n   *  appear: 500,\n   *  enter: 300,\n   *  exit: 500,\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   *\n   * - `appear` defaults to the value of `enter`\n   * - `enter` defaults to `0`\n   * - `exit` defaults to `0`\n   *\n   * @type {number | { enter?: number, exit?: number, appear?: number }}\n   */\n  timeout: function timeout(props) {\n    var pt = _PropTypes.timeoutsShape;\n    if (!props.addEndListener) pt = pt.isRequired;\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 1 ? _len - 1 : 0), _key = 1; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key - 1] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    return pt.apply(void 0, [props].concat(args));\n  },\n  /**\n   * Add a custom transition end trigger. Called with the transitioning\n   * DOM node and a `done` callback. Allows for more fine grained transition end\n   * logic. **Note:** Timeouts are still used as a fallback if provided.\n   *\n   * ```jsx\n   * addEndListener={(node, done) => {\n   *   // use the css transitionend event to mark the finish of a transition\n   *   node.addEventListener('transitionend', done, false);\n   * }}\n   * ```\n   */\n  addEndListener: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired before the \"entering\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool) -> void\n   */\n  onEnter: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"entering\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool)\n   */\n  onEntering: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"entered\" status is applied. An extra parameter\n   * `isAppearing` is supplied to indicate if the enter stage is occurring on the initial mount\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement, isAppearing: bool) -> void\n   */\n  onEntered: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired before the \"exiting\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExit: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"exiting\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExiting: PropTypes.func,\n  /**\n   * Callback fired after the \"exited\" status is applied.\n   *\n   * @type Function(node: HtmlElement) -> void\n   */\n  onExited: PropTypes.func // Name the function so it is clearer in the documentation\n} : {};\nfunction noop() {}\nTransition.defaultProps = {\n  in: false,\n  mountOnEnter: false,\n  unmountOnExit: false,\n  appear: false,\n  enter: true,\n  exit: true,\n  onEnter: noop,\n  onEntering: noop,\n  onEntered: noop,\n  onExit: noop,\n  onExiting: noop,\n  onExited: noop\n};\nTransition.UNMOUNTED = 0;\nTransition.EXITED = 1;\nTransition.ENTERING = 2;\nTransition.ENTERED = 3;\nTransition.EXITING = 4;\nvar _default = (0, _reactLifecyclesCompat.polyfill)(Transition);\nexports.default = _default;","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nvar _react = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"react\"));\nvar _reactLifecyclesCompat = require(\"react-lifecycles-compat\");\nvar _ChildMapping = require(\"./utils/ChildMapping\");\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _inheritsLoose(subClass, superClass) {\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass.prototype);\n  subClass.prototype.constructor = subClass;\n  subClass.__proto__ = superClass;\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nvar values = Object.values || function (obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).map(function (k) {\n    return obj[k];\n  });\n};\nvar defaultProps = {\n  component: 'div',\n  childFactory: function childFactory(child) {\n    return child;\n  }\n  /**\n   * The `<TransitionGroup>` component manages a set of transition components\n   * (`<Transition>` and `<CSSTransition>`) in a list. Like with the transition\n   * components, `<TransitionGroup>` is a state machine for managing the mounting\n   * and unmounting of components over time.\n   *\n   * Consider the example below. As items are removed or added to the TodoList the\n   * `in` prop is toggled automatically by the `<TransitionGroup>`.\n   *\n   * Note that `<TransitionGroup>`  does not define any animation behavior!\n   * Exactly _how_ a list item animates is up to the individual transition\n   * component. This means you can mix and match animations across different list\n   * items.\n   */\n};\n\nvar TransitionGroup = /*#__PURE__*/\nfunction (_React$Component) {\n  _inheritsLoose(TransitionGroup, _React$Component);\n  function TransitionGroup(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _this = _React$Component.call(this, props, context) || this;\n    var handleExited = _this.handleExited.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_assertThisInitialized(_this))); // Initial children should all be entering, dependent on appear\n\n    _this.state = {\n      handleExited: handleExited,\n      firstRender: true\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  var _proto = TransitionGroup.prototype;\n  _proto.getChildContext = function getChildContext() {\n    return {\n      transitionGroup: {\n        isMounting: !this.appeared\n      }\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.componentDidMount = function componentDidMount() {\n    this.appeared = true;\n    this.mounted = true;\n  };\n  _proto.componentWillUnmount = function componentWillUnmount() {\n    this.mounted = false;\n  };\n  TransitionGroup.getDerivedStateFromProps = function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, _ref) {\n    var prevChildMapping = _ref.children,\n      handleExited = _ref.handleExited,\n      firstRender = _ref.firstRender;\n    return {\n      children: firstRender ? (0, _ChildMapping.getInitialChildMapping)(nextProps, handleExited) : (0, _ChildMapping.getNextChildMapping)(nextProps, prevChildMapping, handleExited),\n      firstRender: false\n    };\n  };\n  _proto.handleExited = function handleExited(child, node) {\n    var currentChildMapping = (0, _ChildMapping.getChildMapping)(this.props.children);\n    if (child.key in currentChildMapping) return;\n    if (child.props.onExited) {\n      child.props.onExited(node);\n    }\n    if (this.mounted) {\n      this.setState(function (state) {\n        var children = _extends({}, state.children);\n        delete children[child.key];\n        return {\n          children: children\n        };\n      });\n    }\n  };\n  _proto.render = function render() {\n    var _this$props = this.props,\n      Component = _this$props.component,\n      childFactory = _this$props.childFactory,\n      props = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(_this$props, [\"component\", \"childFactory\"]);\n    var children = values(this.state.children).map(childFactory);\n    delete props.appear;\n    delete props.enter;\n    delete props.exit;\n    if (Component === null) {\n      return children;\n    }\n    return _react.default.createElement(Component, props, children);\n  };\n  return TransitionGroup;\n}(_react.default.Component);\nTransitionGroup.childContextTypes = {\n  transitionGroup: _propTypes.default.object.isRequired\n};\nTransitionGroup.propTypes = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? {\n  /**\n   * `<TransitionGroup>` renders a `<div>` by default. You can change this\n   * behavior by providing a `component` prop.\n   * If you use React v16+ and would like to avoid a wrapping `<div>` element\n   * you can pass in `component={null}`. This is useful if the wrapping div\n   * borks your css styles.\n   */\n  component: _propTypes.default.any,\n  /**\n   * A set of `<Transition>` components, that are toggled `in` and out as they\n   * leave. the `<TransitionGroup>` will inject specific transition props, so\n   * remember to spread them through if you are wrapping the `<Transition>` as\n   * with our `<Fade>` example.\n   *\n   * While this component is meant for multiple `Transition` or `CSSTransition`\n   * children, sometimes you may want to have a single transition child with\n   * content that you want to be transitioned out and in when you change it\n   * (e.g. routes, images etc.) In that case you can change the `key` prop of\n   * the transition child as you change its content, this will cause\n   * `TransitionGroup` to transition the child out and back in.\n   */\n  children: _propTypes.default.node,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables appear animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  appear: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables enter animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  enter: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * A convenience prop that enables or disables exit animations\n   * for all children. Note that specifying this will override any defaults set\n   * on individual children Transitions.\n   */\n  exit: _propTypes.default.bool,\n  /**\n   * You may need to apply reactive updates to a child as it is exiting.\n   * This is generally done by using `cloneElement` however in the case of an exiting\n   * child the element has already been removed and not accessible to the consumer.\n   *\n   * If you do need to update a child as it leaves you can provide a `childFactory`\n   * to wrap every child, even the ones that are leaving.\n   *\n   * @type Function(child: ReactElement) -> ReactElement\n   */\n  childFactory: _propTypes.default.func\n} : {};\nTransitionGroup.defaultProps = defaultProps;\nvar _default = (0, _reactLifecyclesCompat.polyfill)(TransitionGroup);\nexports.default = _default;\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nvar _CSSTransition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./CSSTransition\"));\nvar _ReplaceTransition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./ReplaceTransition\"));\nvar _TransitionGroup = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./TransitionGroup\"));\nvar _Transition = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./Transition\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nmodule.exports = {\n  Transition: _Transition.default,\n  TransitionGroup: _TransitionGroup.default,\n  ReplaceTransition: _ReplaceTransition.default,\n  CSSTransition: _CSSTransition.default\n};","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.getChildMapping = getChildMapping;\nexports.mergeChildMappings = mergeChildMappings;\nexports.getInitialChildMapping = getInitialChildMapping;\nexports.getNextChildMapping = getNextChildMapping;\nvar _react = require(\"react\");\n\n/**\n * Given `this.props.children`, return an object mapping key to child.\n *\n * @param {*} children `this.props.children`\n * @return {object} Mapping of key to child\n */\nfunction getChildMapping(children, mapFn) {\n  var mapper = function mapper(child) {\n    return mapFn && (0, _react.isValidElement)(child) ? mapFn(child) : child;\n  };\n  var result = Object.create(null);\n  if (children) _react.Children.map(children, function (c) {\n    return c;\n  }).forEach(function (child) {\n    // run the map function here instead so that the key is the computed one\n    result[child.key] = mapper(child);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * When you're adding or removing children some may be added or removed in the\n * same render pass. We want to show *both* since we want to simultaneously\n * animate elements in and out. This function takes a previous set of keys\n * and a new set of keys and merges them with its best guess of the correct\n * ordering. In the future we may expose some of the utilities in\n * ReactMultiChild to make this easy, but for now React itself does not\n * directly have this concept of the union of prevChildren and nextChildren\n * so we implement it here.\n *\n * @param {object} prev prev children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @param {object} next next children as returned from\n * `ReactTransitionChildMapping.getChildMapping()`.\n * @return {object} a key set that contains all keys in `prev` and all keys\n * in `next` in a reasonable order.\n */\n\nfunction mergeChildMappings(prev, next) {\n  prev = prev || {};\n  next = next || {};\n  function getValueForKey(key) {\n    return key in next ? next[key] : prev[key];\n  } // For each key of `next`, the list of keys to insert before that key in\n  // the combined list\n\n  var nextKeysPending = Object.create(null);\n  var pendingKeys = [];\n  for (var prevKey in prev) {\n    if (prevKey in next) {\n      if (pendingKeys.length) {\n        nextKeysPending[prevKey] = pendingKeys;\n        pendingKeys = [];\n      }\n    } else {\n      pendingKeys.push(prevKey);\n    }\n  }\n  var i;\n  var childMapping = {};\n  for (var nextKey in next) {\n    if (nextKeysPending[nextKey]) {\n      for (i = 0; i < nextKeysPending[nextKey].length; i++) {\n        var pendingNextKey = nextKeysPending[nextKey][i];\n        childMapping[nextKeysPending[nextKey][i]] = getValueForKey(pendingNextKey);\n      }\n    }\n    childMapping[nextKey] = getValueForKey(nextKey);\n  } // Finally, add the keys which didn't appear before any key in `next`\n\n  for (i = 0; i < pendingKeys.length; i++) {\n    childMapping[pendingKeys[i]] = getValueForKey(pendingKeys[i]);\n  }\n  return childMapping;\n}\nfunction getProp(child, prop, props) {\n  return props[prop] != null ? props[prop] : child.props[prop];\n}\nfunction getInitialChildMapping(props, onExited) {\n  return getChildMapping(props.children, function (child) {\n    return (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n      onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n      in: true,\n      appear: getProp(child, 'appear', props),\n      enter: getProp(child, 'enter', props),\n      exit: getProp(child, 'exit', props)\n    });\n  });\n}\nfunction getNextChildMapping(nextProps, prevChildMapping, onExited) {\n  var nextChildMapping = getChildMapping(nextProps.children);\n  var children = mergeChildMappings(prevChildMapping, nextChildMapping);\n  Object.keys(children).forEach(function (key) {\n    var child = children[key];\n    if (!(0, _react.isValidElement)(child)) return;\n    var hasPrev = (key in prevChildMapping);\n    var hasNext = (key in nextChildMapping);\n    var prevChild = prevChildMapping[key];\n    var isLeaving = (0, _react.isValidElement)(prevChild) && !prevChild.props.in; // item is new (entering)\n\n    if (hasNext && (!hasPrev || isLeaving)) {\n      // console.log('entering', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: true,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    } else if (!hasNext && hasPrev && !isLeaving) {\n      // item is old (exiting)\n      // console.log('leaving', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        in: false\n      });\n    } else if (hasNext && hasPrev && (0, _react.isValidElement)(prevChild)) {\n      // item hasn't changed transition states\n      // copy over the last transition props;\n      // console.log('unchanged', key)\n      children[key] = (0, _react.cloneElement)(child, {\n        onExited: onExited.bind(null, child),\n        in: prevChild.props.in,\n        exit: getProp(child, 'exit', nextProps),\n        enter: getProp(child, 'enter', nextProps)\n      });\n    }\n  });\n  return children;\n}","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.classNamesShape = exports.timeoutsShape = void 0;\nvar _propTypes = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"prop-types\"));\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nvar timeoutsShape = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? _propTypes.default.oneOfType([_propTypes.default.number, _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.number,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.number,\n  appear: _propTypes.default.number\n}).isRequired]) : null;\nexports.timeoutsShape = timeoutsShape;\nvar classNamesShape = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? _propTypes.default.oneOfType([_propTypes.default.string, _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.string,\n  active: _propTypes.default.string\n}), _propTypes.default.shape({\n  enter: _propTypes.default.string,\n  enterDone: _propTypes.default.string,\n  enterActive: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exit: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exitDone: _propTypes.default.string,\n  exitActive: _propTypes.default.string\n})]) : null;\nexports.classNamesShape = classNamesShape;","import React from 'react';\nexport default React.createContext(null);","'use strict';\n\nvar has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,\n  prefix = '~';\n\n/**\n * Constructor to create a storage for our `EE` objects.\n * An `Events` instance is a plain object whose properties are event names.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @private\n */\nfunction Events() {}\n\n//\n// We try to not inherit from `Object.prototype`. In some engines creating an\n// instance in this way is faster than calling `Object.create(null)` directly.\n// If `Object.create(null)` is not supported we prefix the event names with a\n// character to make sure that the built-in object properties are not\n// overridden or used as an attack vector.\n//\nif (Object.create) {\n  Events.prototype = Object.create(null);\n\n  //\n  // This hack is needed because the `__proto__` property is still inherited in\n  // some old browsers like Android 4, iPhone 5.1, Opera 11 and Safari 5.\n  //\n  if (!new Events().__proto__) prefix = false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Representation of a single event listener.\n *\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} context The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @param {Boolean} [once=false] Specify if the listener is a one-time listener.\n * @constructor\n * @private\n */\nfunction EE(fn, context, once) {\n  this.fn = fn;\n  this.context = context;\n  this.once = once || false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Add a listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {EventEmitter} emitter Reference to the `EventEmitter` instance.\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} context The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @param {Boolean} once Specify if the listener is a one-time listener.\n * @returns {EventEmitter}\n * @private\n */\nfunction addListener(emitter, event, fn, context, once) {\n  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError('The listener must be a function');\n  }\n  var listener = new EE(fn, context || emitter, once),\n    evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!emitter._events[evt]) emitter._events[evt] = listener, emitter._eventsCount++;else if (!emitter._events[evt].fn) emitter._events[evt].push(listener);else emitter._events[evt] = [emitter._events[evt], listener];\n  return emitter;\n}\n\n/**\n * Clear event by name.\n *\n * @param {EventEmitter} emitter Reference to the `EventEmitter` instance.\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} evt The Event name.\n * @private\n */\nfunction clearEvent(emitter, evt) {\n  if (--emitter._eventsCount === 0) emitter._events = new Events();else delete emitter._events[evt];\n}\n\n/**\n * Minimal `EventEmitter` interface that is molded against the Node.js\n * `EventEmitter` interface.\n *\n * @constructor\n * @public\n */\nfunction EventEmitter() {\n  this._events = new Events();\n  this._eventsCount = 0;\n}\n\n/**\n * Return an array listing the events for which the emitter has registered\n * listeners.\n *\n * @returns {Array}\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.eventNames = function eventNames() {\n  var names = [],\n    events,\n    name;\n  if (this._eventsCount === 0) return names;\n  for (name in events = this._events) {\n    if (has.call(events, name)) names.push(prefix ? name.slice(1) : name);\n  }\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    return names.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(events));\n  }\n  return names;\n};\n\n/**\n * Return the listeners registered for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Array} The registered listeners.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.listeners = function listeners(event) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event,\n    handlers = this._events[evt];\n  if (!handlers) return [];\n  if (handlers.fn) return [handlers.fn];\n  for (var i = 0, l = handlers.length, ee = new Array(l); i < l; i++) {\n    ee[i] = handlers[i].fn;\n  }\n  return ee;\n};\n\n/**\n * Return the number of listeners listening to a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Number} The number of listeners.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.listenerCount = function listenerCount(event) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event,\n    listeners = this._events[evt];\n  if (!listeners) return 0;\n  if (listeners.fn) return 1;\n  return listeners.length;\n};\n\n/**\n * Calls each of the listeners registered for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @returns {Boolean} `true` if the event had listeners, else `false`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.emit = function emit(event, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!this._events[evt]) return false;\n  var listeners = this._events[evt],\n    len = arguments.length,\n    args,\n    i;\n  if (listeners.fn) {\n    if (listeners.once) this.removeListener(event, listeners.fn, undefined, true);\n    switch (len) {\n      case 1:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context), true;\n      case 2:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1), true;\n      case 3:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2), true;\n      case 4:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3), true;\n      case 5:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3, a4), true;\n      case 6:\n        return listeners.fn.call(listeners.context, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5), true;\n    }\n    for (i = 1, args = new Array(len - 1); i < len; i++) {\n      args[i - 1] = arguments[i];\n    }\n    listeners.fn.apply(listeners.context, args);\n  } else {\n    var length = listeners.length,\n      j;\n    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n      if (listeners[i].once) this.removeListener(event, listeners[i].fn, undefined, true);\n      switch (len) {\n        case 1:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context);\n          break;\n        case 2:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1);\n          break;\n        case 3:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1, a2);\n          break;\n        case 4:\n          listeners[i].fn.call(listeners[i].context, a1, a2, a3);\n          break;\n        default:\n          if (!args) for (j = 1, args = new Array(len - 1); j < len; j++) {\n            args[j - 1] = arguments[j];\n          }\n          listeners[i].fn.apply(listeners[i].context, args);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};\n\n/**\n * Add a listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} [context=this] The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.on = function on(event, fn, context) {\n  return addListener(this, event, fn, context, false);\n};\n\n/**\n * Add a one-time listener for a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn The listener function.\n * @param {*} [context=this] The context to invoke the listener with.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.once = function once(event, fn, context) {\n  return addListener(this, event, fn, context, true);\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove the listeners of a given event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} event The event name.\n * @param {Function} fn Only remove the listeners that match this function.\n * @param {*} context Only remove the listeners that have this context.\n * @param {Boolean} once Only remove one-time listeners.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function removeListener(event, fn, context, once) {\n  var evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n  if (!this._events[evt]) return this;\n  if (!fn) {\n    clearEvent(this, evt);\n    return this;\n  }\n  var listeners = this._events[evt];\n  if (listeners.fn) {\n    if (listeners.fn === fn && (!once || listeners.once) && (!context || listeners.context === context)) {\n      clearEvent(this, evt);\n    }\n  } else {\n    for (var i = 0, events = [], length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {\n      if (listeners[i].fn !== fn || once && !listeners[i].once || context && listeners[i].context !== context) {\n        events.push(listeners[i]);\n      }\n    }\n\n    //\n    // Reset the array, or remove it completely if we have no more listeners.\n    //\n    if (events.length) this._events[evt] = events.length === 1 ? events[0] : events;else clearEvent(this, evt);\n  }\n  return this;\n};\n\n/**\n * Remove all listeners, or those of the specified event.\n *\n * @param {(String|Symbol)} [event] The event name.\n * @returns {EventEmitter} `this`.\n * @public\n */\nEventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function removeAllListeners(event) {\n  var evt;\n  if (event) {\n    evt = prefix ? prefix + event : event;\n    if (this._events[evt]) clearEvent(this, evt);\n  } else {\n    this._events = new Events();\n    this._eventsCount = 0;\n  }\n  return this;\n};\n\n//\n// Alias methods names because people roll like that.\n//\nEventEmitter.prototype.off = EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener;\nEventEmitter.prototype.addListener = EventEmitter.prototype.on;\n\n//\n// Expose the prefix.\n//\nEventEmitter.prefixed = prefix;\n\n//\n// Allow `EventEmitter` to be imported as module namespace.\n//\nEventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;\n\n//\n// Expose the module.\n//\nif ('undefined' !== typeof module) {\n  module.exports = EventEmitter;\n}","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _postcssValueParser = require('postcss-value-parser');\nvar _postcssValueParser2 = _interopRequireDefault(_postcssValueParser);\nvar _parser = require('./parser');\nvar _reducer = require('./lib/reducer');\nvar _reducer2 = _interopRequireDefault(_reducer);\nvar _stringifier = require('./lib/stringifier');\nvar _stringifier2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stringifier);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\n\n// eslint-disable-line\nvar MATCH_CALC = /((?:\\-[a-z]+\\-)?calc)/;\nexports.default = function (value) {\n  var precision = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 5;\n  return (0, _postcssValueParser2.default)(value).walk(function (node) {\n    // skip anything which isn't a calc() function\n    if (node.type !== 'function' || !MATCH_CALC.test(node.value)) return;\n\n    // stringify calc expression and produce an AST\n    var contents = _postcssValueParser2.default.stringify(node.nodes);\n\n    // skip constant() and env()\n    if (contents.indexOf('constant') >= 0 || contents.indexOf('env') >= 0) return;\n    var ast = _parser.parser.parse(contents);\n\n    // reduce AST to its simplest form, that is, either to a single value\n    // or a simplified calc expression\n    var reducedAst = (0, _reducer2.default)(ast, precision);\n\n    // stringify AST and write it back\n    node.type = 'word';\n    node.value = (0, _stringifier2.default)(node.value, reducedAst, precision);\n  }, true).toString();\n};\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _cssUnitConverter = require('css-unit-converter');\nvar _cssUnitConverter2 = _interopRequireDefault(_cssUnitConverter);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction convertNodes(left, right, precision) {\n  switch (left.type) {\n    case 'LengthValue':\n    case 'AngleValue':\n    case 'TimeValue':\n    case 'FrequencyValue':\n    case 'ResolutionValue':\n      return convertAbsoluteLength(left, right, precision);\n    default:\n      return {\n        left: left,\n        right: right\n      };\n  }\n}\nfunction convertAbsoluteLength(left, right, precision) {\n  if (right.type === left.type) {\n    right = {\n      type: left.type,\n      value: (0, _cssUnitConverter2.default)(right.value, right.unit, left.unit, precision),\n      unit: left.unit\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    left: left,\n    right: right\n  };\n}\nexports.default = convertNodes;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","\"use strict\";\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.flip = flip;\nvar _convert = require(\"./convert\");\nvar _convert2 = _interopRequireDefault(_convert);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction reduce(node, precision) {\n  if (node.type === \"MathExpression\") return reduceMathExpression(node, precision);\n  if (node.type === \"Calc\") return reduce(node.value, precision);\n  return node;\n}\nfunction isEqual(left, right) {\n  return left.type === right.type && left.value === right.value;\n}\nfunction isValueType(type) {\n  switch (type) {\n    case 'LengthValue':\n    case 'AngleValue':\n    case 'TimeValue':\n    case 'FrequencyValue':\n    case 'ResolutionValue':\n    case 'EmValue':\n    case 'ExValue':\n    case 'ChValue':\n    case 'RemValue':\n    case 'VhValue':\n    case 'VwValue':\n    case 'VminValue':\n    case 'VmaxValue':\n    case 'PercentageValue':\n    case 'Value':\n      return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\nfunction convertMathExpression(node, precision) {\n  var nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(node.left, node.right, precision);\n  var left = reduce(nodes.left, precision);\n  var right = reduce(nodes.right, precision);\n  if (left.type === \"MathExpression\" && right.type === \"MathExpression\") {\n    if (left.operator === '/' && right.operator === '*' || left.operator === '-' && right.operator === '+' || left.operator === '*' && right.operator === '/' || left.operator === '+' && right.operator === '-') {\n      if (isEqual(left.right, right.right)) nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(left.left, right.left, precision);else if (isEqual(left.right, right.left)) nodes = (0, _convert2.default)(left.left, right.right, precision);\n      left = reduce(nodes.left, precision);\n      right = reduce(nodes.right, precision);\n    }\n  }\n  node.left = left;\n  node.right = right;\n  return node;\n}\nfunction flip(operator) {\n  return operator === '+' ? '-' : '+';\n}\nfunction flipValue(node) {\n  if (isValueType(node.type)) node.value = -node.value;else if (node.type == 'MathExpression') {\n    node.left = flipValue(node.left);\n    node.right = flipValue(node.right);\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceAddSubExpression(node, precision) {\n  var _node = node,\n    left = _node.left,\n    right = _node.right,\n    op = _node.operator;\n  if (left.type === 'CssVariable' || right.type === 'CssVariable') return node;\n\n  // something + 0 => something\n  // something - 0 => something\n  if (right.value === 0) return left;\n\n  // 0 + something => something\n  if (left.value === 0 && op === \"+\") return right;\n\n  // 0 - something => -something\n  if (left.value === 0 && op === \"-\") return flipValue(right);\n\n  // value + value\n  // value - value\n  if (left.type === right.type && isValueType(left.type)) {\n    node = Object.assign({}, left);\n    if (op === \"+\") node.value = left.value + right.value;else node.value = left.value - right.value;\n  }\n\n  // value <op> (expr)\n  if (isValueType(left.type) && (right.operator === '+' || right.operator === '-') && right.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    // value + (value + something) => (value + value) + something\n    // value + (value - something) => (value + value) - something\n    // value - (value + something) => (value - value) - something\n    // value - (value - something) => (value - value) + something\n    if (left.type === right.left.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, node);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op,\n        left: left,\n        right: right.left\n      }, precision);\n      node.right = right.right;\n      node.operator = op === '-' ? flip(right.operator) : right.operator;\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n    // value + (something + value) => (value + value) + something\n    // value + (something - value) => (value - value) + something\n    // value - (something + value) => (value - value) - something\n    // value - (something - value) => (value + value) - something\n    else if (left.type === right.right.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, node);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op === '-' ? flip(right.operator) : right.operator,\n        left: left,\n        right: right.right\n      }, precision);\n      node.right = right.left;\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // (expr) <op> value\n  if (left.type === 'MathExpression' && (left.operator === '+' || left.operator === '-') && isValueType(right.type)) {\n    // (value + something) + value => (value + value) + something\n    // (value - something) + value => (value + value) - something\n    // (value + something) - value => (value - value) + something\n    // (value - something) - value => (value - value) - something\n    if (right.type === left.left.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, left);\n      node.left = reduce({\n        type: 'MathExpression',\n        operator: op,\n        left: left.left,\n        right: right\n      }, precision);\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n    // (something + value) + value => something + (value + value)\n    // (something - value1) + value2 => something - (value2 - value1)\n    // (something + value) - value => something + (value - value)\n    // (something - value) - value => something - (value + value)\n    else if (right.type === left.right.type) {\n      node = Object.assign({}, left);\n      if (left.operator === '-') {\n        node.right = reduce({\n          type: 'MathExpression',\n          operator: op === '-' ? '+' : '-',\n          left: right,\n          right: left.right\n        }, precision);\n        node.operator = op === '-' ? '-' : '+';\n      } else {\n        node.right = reduce({\n          type: 'MathExpression',\n          operator: op,\n          left: left.right,\n          right: right\n        }, precision);\n      }\n      if (node.right.value < 0) {\n        node.right.value *= -1;\n        node.operator = node.operator === '-' ? '+' : '-';\n      }\n      return reduce(node, precision);\n    }\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceDivisionExpression(node, precision) {\n  if (!isValueType(node.right.type)) return node;\n  if (node.right.type !== 'Value') throw new Error(\"Cannot divide by \\\"\" + node.right.unit + \"\\\", number expected\");\n  if (node.right.value === 0) throw new Error('Cannot divide by zero');\n\n  // (expr) / value\n  if (node.left.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    if (isValueType(node.left.left.type) && isValueType(node.left.right.type)) {\n      node.left.left.value /= node.right.value;\n      node.left.right.value /= node.right.value;\n      return reduce(node.left, precision);\n    }\n    return node;\n  }\n  // something / value\n  else if (isValueType(node.left.type)) {\n    node.left.value /= node.right.value;\n    return node.left;\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceMultiplicationExpression(node) {\n  // (expr) * value\n  if (node.left.type === 'MathExpression' && node.right.type === 'Value') {\n    if (isValueType(node.left.left.type) && isValueType(node.left.right.type)) {\n      node.left.left.value *= node.right.value;\n      node.left.right.value *= node.right.value;\n      return node.left;\n    }\n  }\n  // something * value\n  else if (isValueType(node.left.type) && node.right.type === 'Value') {\n    node.left.value *= node.right.value;\n    return node.left;\n  }\n  // value * (expr)\n  else if (node.left.type === 'Value' && node.right.type === 'MathExpression') {\n    if (isValueType(node.right.left.type) && isValueType(node.right.right.type)) {\n      node.right.left.value *= node.left.value;\n      node.right.right.value *= node.left.value;\n      return node.right;\n    }\n  }\n  // value * something\n  else if (node.left.type === 'Value' && isValueType(node.right.type)) {\n    node.right.value *= node.left.value;\n    return node.right;\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nfunction reduceMathExpression(node, precision) {\n  node = convertMathExpression(node, precision);\n  switch (node.operator) {\n    case \"+\":\n    case \"-\":\n      return reduceAddSubExpression(node, precision);\n    case \"/\":\n      return reduceDivisionExpression(node, precision);\n    case \"*\":\n      return reduceMultiplicationExpression(node);\n  }\n  return node;\n}\nexports.default = reduce;","\"use strict\";\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.default = function (calc, node, precision) {\n  var str = stringify(node, precision);\n  if (node.type === \"MathExpression\") {\n    // if calc expression couldn't be resolved to a single value, re-wrap it as\n    // a calc()\n    str = calc + \"(\" + str + \")\";\n  }\n  return str;\n};\nvar _reducer = require(\"./reducer\");\nvar order = {\n  \"*\": 0,\n  \"/\": 0,\n  \"+\": 1,\n  \"-\": 1\n};\nfunction round(value, prec) {\n  if (prec !== false) {\n    var precision = Math.pow(10, prec);\n    return Math.round(value * precision) / precision;\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction stringify(node, prec) {\n  switch (node.type) {\n    case \"MathExpression\":\n      {\n        var left = node.left,\n          right = node.right,\n          op = node.operator;\n        var str = \"\";\n        if (left.type === 'MathExpression' && order[op] < order[left.operator]) str += \"(\" + stringify(left, prec) + \")\";else str += stringify(left, prec);\n        str += \" \" + node.operator + \" \";\n        if (right.type === 'MathExpression' && order[op] < order[right.operator]) {\n          str += \"(\" + stringify(right, prec) + \")\";\n        } else if (right.type === 'MathExpression' && op === \"-\" && [\"+\", \"-\"].includes(right.operator)) {\n          // fix #52 : a-(b+c) = a-b-c\n          right.operator = (0, _reducer.flip)(right.operator);\n          str += stringify(right, prec);\n        } else {\n          str += stringify(right, prec);\n        }\n        return str;\n      }\n    case \"Value\":\n      return round(node.value, prec);\n    case 'CssVariable':\n      if (node.fallback) {\n        return \"var(\" + node.value + \", \" + stringify(node.fallback, prec, true) + \")\";\n      }\n      return \"var(\" + node.value + \")\";\n    case 'Calc':\n      if (node.prefix) {\n        return \"-\" + node.prefix + \"-calc(\" + stringify(node.value, prec) + \")\";\n      }\n      return \"calc(\" + stringify(node.value, prec) + \")\";\n    default:\n      return round(node.value, prec) + node.unit;\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","/* parser generated by jison 0.6.1-215 */\n\n/*\n * Returns a Parser object of the following structure:\n *\n *  Parser: {\n *    yy: {}     The so-called \"shared state\" or rather the *source* of it;\n *               the real \"shared state\" `yy` passed around to\n *               the rule actions, etc. is a derivative/copy of this one,\n *               not a direct reference!\n *  }\n *\n *  Parser.prototype: {\n *    yy: {},\n *    EOF: 1,\n *    TERROR: 2,\n *\n *    trace: function(errorMessage, ...),\n *\n *    JisonParserError: function(msg, hash),\n *\n *    quoteName: function(name),\n *               Helper function which can be overridden by user code later on: put suitable\n *               quotes around literal IDs in a description string.\n *\n *    originalQuoteName: function(name),\n *               The basic quoteName handler provided by JISON.\n *               `cleanupAfterParse()` will clean up and reset `quoteName()` to reference this function\n *               at the end of the `parse()`.\n *\n *    describeSymbol: function(symbol),\n *               Return a more-or-less human-readable description of the given symbol, when\n *               available, or the symbol itself, serving as its own 'description' for lack\n *               of something better to serve up.\n *\n *               Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n *\n *    symbols_: {associative list: name ==> number},\n *    terminals_: {associative list: number ==> name},\n *    nonterminals: {associative list: rule-name ==> {associative list: number ==> rule-alt}},\n *    terminal_descriptions_: (if there are any) {associative list: number ==> description},\n *    productions_: [...],\n *\n *    performAction: function parser__performAction(yytext, yyleng, yylineno, yyloc, yystate, yysp, yyvstack, yylstack, yystack, yysstack),\n *\n *               The function parameters and `this` have the following value/meaning:\n *               - `this`    : reference to the `yyval` internal object, which has members (`$` and `_$`)\n *                             to store/reference the rule value `$$` and location info `@$`.\n *\n *                 One important thing to note about `this` a.k.a. `yyval`: every *reduce* action gets\n *                 to see the same object via the `this` reference, i.e. if you wish to carry custom\n *                 data from one reduce action through to the next within a single parse run, then you\n *                 may get nasty and use `yyval` a.k.a. `this` for storing you own semi-permanent data.\n *\n *                 `this.yy` is a direct reference to the `yy` shared state object.\n *\n *                 `%parse-param`-specified additional `parse()` arguments have been added to this `yy`\n *                 object at `parse()` start and are therefore available to the action code via the\n *                 same named `yy.xxxx` attributes (where `xxxx` represents a identifier name from\n *                 the %parse-param` list.\n *\n *               - `yytext`  : reference to the lexer value which belongs to the last lexer token used\n *                             to match this rule. This is *not* the look-ahead token, but the last token\n *                             that's actually part of this rule.\n *\n *                 Formulated another way, `yytext` is the value of the token immediately preceeding\n *                 the current look-ahead token.\n *                 Caveats apply for rules which don't require look-ahead, such as epsilon rules.\n *\n *               - `yyleng`  : ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yyleng value.\n *\n *               - `yylineno`: ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yylineno value.\n *\n *               - `yyloc`   : ditto as `yytext`, only now for the lexer.yylloc lexer token location info.\n *\n *                               WARNING: since jison 0.4.18-186 this entry may be NULL/UNDEFINED instead\n *                               of an empty object when no suitable location info can be provided.\n *\n *               - `yystate` : the current parser state number, used internally for dispatching and\n *                               executing the action code chunk matching the rule currently being reduced.\n *\n *               - `yysp`    : the current state stack position (a.k.a. 'stack pointer')\n *\n *                 This one comes in handy when you are going to do advanced things to the parser\n *                 stacks, all of which are accessible from your action code (see the next entries below).\n *\n *                 Also note that you can access this and other stack index values using the new double-hash\n *                 syntax, i.e. `##$ === ##0 === yysp`, while `##1` is the stack index for all things\n *                 related to the first rule term, just like you have `$1`, `@1` and `#1`.\n *                 This is made available to write very advanced grammar action rules, e.g. when you want\n *                 to investigate the parse state stack in your action code, which would, for example,\n *                 be relevant when you wish to implement error diagnostics and reporting schemes similar\n *                 to the work described here:\n *\n *                 + Pottier, F., 2016. Reachability and error diagnosis in LR(1) automata.\n *                   In Journées Francophones des Languages Applicatifs.\n *\n *                 + Jeffery, C.L., 2003. Generating LR syntax error messages from examples.\n *                   ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 25(5), pp.631–640.\n *\n *               - `yyrulelength`: the current rule's term count, i.e. the number of entries occupied on the stack.\n *\n *                 This one comes in handy when you are going to do advanced things to the parser\n *                 stacks, all of which are accessible from your action code (see the next entries below).\n *\n *               - `yyvstack`: reference to the parser value stack. Also accessed via the `$1` etc.\n *                             constructs.\n *\n *               - `yylstack`: reference to the parser token location stack. Also accessed via\n *                             the `@1` etc. constructs.\n *\n *                             WARNING: since jison 0.4.18-186 this array MAY contain slots which are\n *                             UNDEFINED rather than an empty (location) object, when the lexer/parser\n *                             action code did not provide a suitable location info object when such a\n *                             slot was filled!\n *\n *               - `yystack` : reference to the parser token id stack. Also accessed via the\n *                             `#1` etc. constructs.\n *\n *                 Note: this is a bit of a **white lie** as we can statically decode any `#n` reference to\n *                 its numeric token id value, hence that code wouldn't need the `yystack` but *you* might\n *                 want access this array for your own purposes, such as error analysis as mentioned above!\n *\n *                 Note that this stack stores the current stack of *tokens*, that is the sequence of\n *                 already parsed=reduced *nonterminals* (tokens representing rules) and *terminals*\n *                 (lexer tokens *shifted* onto the stack until the rule they belong to is found and\n *                 *reduced*.\n *\n *               - `yysstack`: reference to the parser state stack. This one carries the internal parser\n *                             *states* such as the one in `yystate`, which are used to represent\n *                             the parser state machine in the *parse table*. *Very* *internal* stuff,\n *                             what can I say? If you access this one, you're clearly doing wicked things\n *\n *               - `...`     : the extra arguments you specified in the `%parse-param` statement in your\n *                             grammar definition file.\n *\n *    table: [...],\n *               State transition table\n *               ----------------------\n *\n *               index levels are:\n *               - `state`  --> hash table\n *               - `symbol` --> action (number or array)\n *\n *                 If the `action` is an array, these are the elements' meaning:\n *                 - index [0]: 1 = shift, 2 = reduce, 3 = accept\n *                 - index [1]: GOTO `state`\n *\n *                 If the `action` is a number, it is the GOTO `state`\n *\n *    defaultActions: {...},\n *\n *    parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *    yyError: function(str, ...),\n *    yyRecovering: function(),\n *    yyErrOk: function(),\n *    yyClearIn: function(),\n *\n *    constructParseErrorInfo: function(error_message, exception_object, expected_token_set, is_recoverable),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               Produces a new errorInfo 'hash object' which can be passed into `parseError()`.\n *               See it's use in this parser kernel in many places; example usage:\n *\n *                   var infoObj = parser.constructParseErrorInfo('fail!', null,\n *                                     parser.collect_expected_token_set(state), true);\n *                   var retVal = parser.parseError(infoObj.errStr, infoObj, parser.JisonParserError);\n *\n *    originalParseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *               The basic `parseError` handler provided by JISON.\n *               `cleanupAfterParse()` will clean up and reset `parseError()` to reference this function\n *               at the end of the `parse()`.\n *\n *    options: { ... parser %options ... },\n *\n *    parse: function(input[, args...]),\n *               Parse the given `input` and return the parsed value (or `true` when none was provided by\n *               the root action, in which case the parser is acting as a *matcher*).\n *               You MAY use the additional `args...` parameters as per `%parse-param` spec of this grammar:\n *               these extra `args...` are added verbatim to the `yy` object reference as member variables.\n *\n *               WARNING:\n *               Parser's additional `args...` parameters (via `%parse-param`) MAY conflict with\n *               any attributes already added to `yy` by the jison run-time;\n *               when such a collision is detected an exception is thrown to prevent the generated run-time\n *               from silently accepting this confusing and potentially hazardous situation!\n *\n *               The lexer MAY add its own set of additional parameters (via the `%parse-param` line in\n *               the lexer section of the grammar spec): these will be inserted in the `yy` shared state\n *               object and any collision with those will be reported by the lexer via a thrown exception.\n *\n *    cleanupAfterParse: function(resultValue, invoke_post_methods, do_not_nuke_errorinfos),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               This helper API is invoked at the end of the `parse()` call, unless an exception was thrown\n *               and `%options no-try-catch` has been defined for this grammar: in that case this helper MAY\n *               be invoked by calling user code to ensure the `post_parse` callbacks are invoked and\n *               the internal parser gets properly garbage collected under these particular circumstances.\n *\n *    yyMergeLocationInfo: function(first_index, last_index, first_yylloc, last_yylloc, dont_look_back),\n *               Helper function **which will be set up during the first invocation of the `parse()` method**.\n *               This helper API can be invoked to calculate a spanning `yylloc` location info object.\n *\n *               Note: %epsilon rules MAY specify no `first_index` and `first_yylloc`, in which case\n *               this function will attempt to obtain a suitable location marker by inspecting the location stack\n *               backwards.\n *\n *               For more info see the documentation comment further below, immediately above this function's\n *               implementation.\n *\n *    lexer: {\n *        yy: {...},           A reference to the so-called \"shared state\" `yy` once\n *                             received via a call to the `.setInput(input, yy)` lexer API.\n *        EOF: 1,\n *        ERROR: 2,\n *        JisonLexerError: function(msg, hash),\n *        parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n *        setInput: function(input, [yy]),\n *        input: function(),\n *        unput: function(str),\n *        more: function(),\n *        reject: function(),\n *        less: function(n),\n *        pastInput: function(n),\n *        upcomingInput: function(n),\n *        showPosition: function(),\n *        test_match: function(regex_match_array, rule_index, ...),\n *        next: function(...),\n *        lex: function(...),\n *        begin: function(condition),\n *        pushState: function(condition),\n *        popState: function(),\n *        topState: function(),\n *        _currentRules: function(),\n *        stateStackSize: function(),\n *        cleanupAfterLex: function()\n *\n *        options: { ... lexer %options ... },\n *\n *        performAction: function(yy, yy_, $avoiding_name_collisions, YY_START, ...),\n *        rules: [...],\n *        conditions: {associative list: name ==> set},\n *    }\n *  }\n *\n *\n *  token location info (@$, _$, etc.): {\n *    first_line: n,\n *    last_line: n,\n *    first_column: n,\n *    last_column: n,\n *    range: [start_number, end_number]\n *               (where the numbers are indexes into the input string, zero-based)\n *  }\n *\n * ---\n *\n * The `parseError` function receives a 'hash' object with these members for lexer and\n * parser errors:\n *\n *  {\n *    text:        (matched text)\n *    token:       (the produced terminal token, if any)\n *    token_id:    (the produced terminal token numeric ID, if any)\n *    line:        (yylineno)\n *    loc:         (yylloc)\n *  }\n *\n * parser (grammar) errors will also provide these additional members:\n *\n *  {\n *    expected:    (array describing the set of expected tokens;\n *                  may be UNDEFINED when we cannot easily produce such a set)\n *    state:       (integer (or array when the table includes grammar collisions);\n *                  represents the current internal state of the parser kernel.\n *                  can, for example, be used to pass to the `collect_expected_token_set()`\n *                  API to obtain the expected token set)\n *    action:      (integer; represents the current internal action which will be executed)\n *    new_state:   (integer; represents the next/planned internal state, once the current\n *                  action has executed)\n *    recoverable: (boolean: TRUE when the parser MAY have an error recovery rule\n *                  available for this particular error)\n *    state_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal state stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    value_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal `$$` value stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    location_stack: (array: the current parser LALR/LR internal location stack; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    yy:          (object: the current parser internal \"shared state\" `yy`\n *                  as is also available in the rule actions; this can be used,\n *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance used by the parser)\n *    parser:      (reference to the current parser instance)\n *  }\n *\n * while `this` will reference the current parser instance.\n *\n * When `parseError` is invoked by the lexer, `this` will still reference the related *parser*\n * instance, while these additional `hash` fields will also be provided:\n *\n *  {\n *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance which reported the error)\n *  }\n *\n * When `parseError` is invoked by the parser due to a **JavaScript exception** being fired\n * from either the parser or lexer, `this` will still reference the related *parser*\n * instance, while these additional `hash` fields will also be provided:\n *\n *  {\n *    exception:   (reference to the exception thrown)\n *  }\n *\n * Please do note that in the latter situation, the `expected` field will be omitted as\n * this type of failure is assumed not to be due to *parse errors* but rather due to user\n * action code in either parser or lexer failing unexpectedly.\n *\n * ---\n *\n * You can specify parser options by setting / modifying the `.yy` object of your Parser instance.\n * These options are available:\n *\n * ### options which are global for all parser instances\n *\n *  Parser.pre_parse: function(yy)\n *                 optional: you can specify a pre_parse() function in the chunk following\n *                 the grammar, i.e. after the last `%%`.\n *  Parser.post_parse: function(yy, retval, parseInfo) { return retval; }\n *                 optional: you can specify a post_parse() function in the chunk following\n *                 the grammar, i.e. after the last `%%`. When it does not return any value,\n *                 the parser will return the original `retval`.\n *\n * ### options which can be set up per parser instance\n *\n *  yy: {\n *      pre_parse:  function(yy)\n *                 optional: is invoked before the parse cycle starts (and before the first\n *                 invocation of `lex()`) but immediately after the invocation of\n *                 `parser.pre_parse()`).\n *      post_parse: function(yy, retval, parseInfo) { return retval; }\n *                 optional: is invoked when the parse terminates due to success ('accept')\n *                 or failure (even when exceptions are thrown).\n *                 `retval` contains the return value to be produced by `Parser.parse()`;\n *                 this function can override the return value by returning another.\n *                 When it does not return any value, the parser will return the original\n *                 `retval`.\n *                 This function is invoked immediately before `parser.post_parse()`.\n *\n *      parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass)\n *                 optional: overrides the default `parseError` function.\n *      quoteName: function(name),\n *                 optional: overrides the default `quoteName` function.\n *  }\n *\n *  parser.lexer.options: {\n *      pre_lex:  function()\n *                 optional: is invoked before the lexer is invoked to produce another token.\n *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n *      post_lex: function(token) { return token; }\n *                 optional: is invoked when the lexer has produced a token `token`;\n *                 this function can override the returned token value by returning another.\n *                 When it does not return any (truthy) value, the lexer will return\n *                 the original `token`.\n *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n *\n *      ranges: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> token location info will include a .range[] member.\n *      flex: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> flex-like lexing behaviour where the rules are tested\n *                 exhaustively to find the longest match.\n *      backtrack_lexer: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer regexes are tested in order and for invoked;\n *                 the lexer terminates the scan when a token is returned by the action code.\n *      xregexp: boolean\n *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer rule regexes are \"extended regex format\" requiring the\n *                 `XRegExp` library. When this `%option` has not been specified at compile time, all lexer\n *                 rule regexes have been written as standard JavaScript RegExp expressions.\n *  }\n */\n\nvar parser = function () {\n  // See also:\n  // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382107/whats-a-good-way-to-extend-error-in-javascript/#35881508\n  // but we keep the prototype.constructor and prototype.name assignment lines too for compatibility\n  // with userland code which might access the derived class in a 'classic' way.\n  function JisonParserError(msg, hash) {\n    Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', {\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: false,\n      value: 'JisonParserError'\n    });\n    if (msg == null) msg = '???';\n    Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', {\n      enumerable: false,\n      writable: true,\n      value: msg\n    });\n    this.hash = hash;\n    var stacktrace;\n    if (hash && hash.exception instanceof Error) {\n      var ex2 = hash.exception;\n      this.message = ex2.message || msg;\n      stacktrace = ex2.stack;\n    }\n    if (!stacktrace) {\n      if (Error.hasOwnProperty('captureStackTrace')) {\n        // V8/Chrome engine\n        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n      } else {\n        stacktrace = new Error(msg).stack;\n      }\n    }\n    if (stacktrace) {\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        value: stacktrace\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  if (typeof Object.setPrototypeOf === 'function') {\n    Object.setPrototypeOf(JisonParserError.prototype, Error.prototype);\n  } else {\n    JisonParserError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n  }\n  JisonParserError.prototype.constructor = JisonParserError;\n  JisonParserError.prototype.name = 'JisonParserError';\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the productions[] table\n  function bp(s) {\n    var rv = [];\n    var p = s.pop;\n    var r = s.rule;\n    for (var i = 0, l = p.length; i < l; i++) {\n      rv.push([p[i], r[i]]);\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the defaultActions[] table\n  function bda(s) {\n    var rv = {};\n    var d = s.idx;\n    var g = s.goto;\n    for (var i = 0, l = d.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var j = d[i];\n      rv[j] = g[i];\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: reconstruct the 'goto' table\n  function bt(s) {\n    var rv = [];\n    var d = s.len;\n    var y = s.symbol;\n    var t = s.type;\n    var a = s.state;\n    var m = s.mode;\n    var g = s.goto;\n    for (var i = 0, l = d.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var n = d[i];\n      var q = {};\n      for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n        var z = y.shift();\n        switch (t.shift()) {\n          case 2:\n            q[z] = [m.shift(), g.shift()];\n            break;\n          case 0:\n            q[z] = a.shift();\n            break;\n          default:\n            // type === 1: accept\n            q[z] = [3];\n        }\n      }\n      rv.push(q);\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n\n  // helper: runlength encoding with increment step: code, length: step (default step = 0)\n  // `this` references an array\n  function s(c, l, a) {\n    a = a || 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {\n      this.push(c);\n      c += a;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // helper: duplicate sequence from *relative* offset and length.\n  // `this` references an array\n  function c(i, l) {\n    i = this.length - i;\n    for (l += i; i < l; i++) {\n      this.push(this[i]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  // helper: unpack an array using helpers and data, all passed in an array argument 'a'.\n  function u(a) {\n    var rv = [];\n    for (var i = 0, l = a.length; i < l; i++) {\n      var e = a[i];\n      // Is this entry a helper function?\n      if (typeof e === 'function') {\n        i++;\n        e.apply(rv, a[i]);\n      } else {\n        rv.push(e);\n      }\n    }\n    return rv;\n  }\n  var parser = {\n    // Code Generator Information Report\n    // ---------------------------------\n    //\n    // Options:\n    //\n    //   default action mode: ............. [\"classic\",\"merge\"]\n    //   test-compile action mode: ........ \"parser:*,lexer:*\"\n    //   try..catch: ...................... true\n    //   default resolve on conflict: ..... true\n    //   on-demand look-ahead: ............ false\n    //   error recovery token skip maximum: 3\n    //   yyerror in parse actions is: ..... NOT recoverable,\n    //   yyerror in lexer actions and other non-fatal lexer are:\n    //   .................................. NOT recoverable,\n    //   debug grammar/output: ............ false\n    //   has partial LR conflict upgrade:   true\n    //   rudimentary token-stack support:   false\n    //   parser table compression mode: ... 2\n    //   export debug tables: ............. false\n    //   export *all* tables: ............. false\n    //   module type: ..................... commonjs\n    //   parser engine type: .............. lalr\n    //   output main() in the module: ..... true\n    //   has user-specified main(): ....... false\n    //   has user-specified require()/import modules for main():\n    //   .................................. false\n    //   number of expected conflicts: .... 0\n    //\n    //\n    // Parser Analysis flags:\n    //\n    //   no significant actions (parser is a language matcher only):\n    //   .................................. false\n    //   uses yyleng: ..................... false\n    //   uses yylineno: ................... false\n    //   uses yytext: ..................... false\n    //   uses yylloc: ..................... false\n    //   uses ParseError API: ............. false\n    //   uses YYERROR: .................... false\n    //   uses YYRECOVERING: ............... false\n    //   uses YYERROK: .................... false\n    //   uses YYCLEARIN: .................. false\n    //   tracks rule values: .............. true\n    //   assigns rule values: ............. true\n    //   uses location tracking: .......... false\n    //   assigns location: ................ false\n    //   uses yystack: .................... false\n    //   uses yysstack: ................... false\n    //   uses yysp: ....................... true\n    //   uses yyrulelength: ............... false\n    //   uses yyMergeLocationInfo API: .... false\n    //   has error recovery: .............. false\n    //   has error reporting: ............. false\n    //\n    // --------- END OF REPORT -----------\n\n    trace: function no_op_trace() {},\n    JisonParserError: JisonParserError,\n    yy: {},\n    options: {\n      type: \"lalr\",\n      hasPartialLrUpgradeOnConflict: true,\n      errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount: 3\n    },\n    symbols_: {\n      \"$accept\": 0,\n      \"$end\": 1,\n      \"ADD\": 3,\n      \"ANGLE\": 16,\n      \"CHS\": 22,\n      \"COMMA\": 14,\n      \"CSS_CPROP\": 13,\n      \"CSS_VAR\": 12,\n      \"DIV\": 6,\n      \"EMS\": 20,\n      \"EOF\": 1,\n      \"EXS\": 21,\n      \"FREQ\": 18,\n      \"LENGTH\": 15,\n      \"LPAREN\": 7,\n      \"MUL\": 5,\n      \"NESTED_CALC\": 9,\n      \"NUMBER\": 11,\n      \"PERCENTAGE\": 28,\n      \"PREFIX\": 10,\n      \"REMS\": 23,\n      \"RES\": 19,\n      \"RPAREN\": 8,\n      \"SUB\": 4,\n      \"TIME\": 17,\n      \"VHS\": 24,\n      \"VMAXS\": 27,\n      \"VMINS\": 26,\n      \"VWS\": 25,\n      \"css_value\": 33,\n      \"css_variable\": 32,\n      \"error\": 2,\n      \"expression\": 29,\n      \"math_expression\": 30,\n      \"value\": 31\n    },\n    terminals_: {\n      1: \"EOF\",\n      2: \"error\",\n      3: \"ADD\",\n      4: \"SUB\",\n      5: \"MUL\",\n      6: \"DIV\",\n      7: \"LPAREN\",\n      8: \"RPAREN\",\n      9: \"NESTED_CALC\",\n      10: \"PREFIX\",\n      11: \"NUMBER\",\n      12: \"CSS_VAR\",\n      13: \"CSS_CPROP\",\n      14: \"COMMA\",\n      15: \"LENGTH\",\n      16: \"ANGLE\",\n      17: \"TIME\",\n      18: \"FREQ\",\n      19: \"RES\",\n      20: \"EMS\",\n      21: \"EXS\",\n      22: \"CHS\",\n      23: \"REMS\",\n      24: \"VHS\",\n      25: \"VWS\",\n      26: \"VMINS\",\n      27: \"VMAXS\",\n      28: \"PERCENTAGE\"\n    },\n    TERROR: 2,\n    EOF: 1,\n    // internals: defined here so the object *structure* doesn't get modified by parse() et al,\n    // thus helping JIT compilers like Chrome V8.\n    originalQuoteName: null,\n    originalParseError: null,\n    cleanupAfterParse: null,\n    constructParseErrorInfo: null,\n    yyMergeLocationInfo: null,\n    __reentrant_call_depth: 0,\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY\n    __error_infos: [],\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of parseErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup\n    __error_recovery_infos: [],\n    // INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of parseErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup\n\n    // APIs which will be set up depending on user action code analysis:\n    //yyRecovering: 0,\n    //yyErrOk: 0,\n    //yyClearIn: 0,\n\n    // Helper APIs\n    // -----------\n\n    // Helper function which can be overridden by user code later on: put suitable quotes around\n    // literal IDs in a description string.\n    quoteName: function parser_quoteName(id_str) {\n      return '\"' + id_str + '\"';\n    },\n    // Return the name of the given symbol (terminal or non-terminal) as a string, when available.\n    //\n    // Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n    getSymbolName: function parser_getSymbolName(symbol) {\n      if (this.terminals_[symbol]) {\n        return this.terminals_[symbol];\n      }\n\n      // Otherwise... this might refer to a RULE token i.e. a non-terminal: see if we can dig that one up.\n      //\n      // An example of this may be where a rule's action code contains a call like this:\n      //\n      //      parser.getSymbolName(#$)\n      //\n      // to obtain a human-readable name of the current grammar rule.\n      var s = this.symbols_;\n      for (var key in s) {\n        if (s[key] === symbol) {\n          return key;\n        }\n      }\n      return null;\n    },\n    // Return a more-or-less human-readable description of the given symbol, when available,\n    // or the symbol itself, serving as its own 'description' for lack of something better to serve up.\n    //\n    // Return NULL when the symbol is unknown to the parser.\n    describeSymbol: function parser_describeSymbol(symbol) {\n      if (symbol !== this.EOF && this.terminal_descriptions_ && this.terminal_descriptions_[symbol]) {\n        return this.terminal_descriptions_[symbol];\n      } else if (symbol === this.EOF) {\n        return 'end of input';\n      }\n      var id = this.getSymbolName(symbol);\n      if (id) {\n        return this.quoteName(id);\n      }\n      return null;\n    },\n    // Produce a (more or less) human-readable list of expected tokens at the point of failure.\n    //\n    // The produced list may contain token or token set descriptions instead of the tokens\n    // themselves to help turning this output into something that easier to read by humans\n    // unless `do_not_describe` parameter is set, in which case a list of the raw, *numeric*,\n    // expected terminals and nonterminals is produced.\n    //\n    // The returned list (array) will not contain any duplicate entries.\n    collect_expected_token_set: function parser_collect_expected_token_set(state, do_not_describe) {\n      var TERROR = this.TERROR;\n      var tokenset = [];\n      var check = {};\n      // Has this (error?) state been outfitted with a custom expectations description text for human consumption?\n      // If so, use that one instead of the less palatable token set.\n      if (!do_not_describe && this.state_descriptions_ && this.state_descriptions_[state]) {\n        return [this.state_descriptions_[state]];\n      }\n      for (var p in this.table[state]) {\n        p = +p;\n        if (p !== TERROR) {\n          var d = do_not_describe ? p : this.describeSymbol(p);\n          if (d && !check[d]) {\n            tokenset.push(d);\n            check[d] = true; // Mark this token description as already mentioned to prevent outputting duplicate entries.\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      return tokenset;\n    },\n    productions_: bp({\n      pop: u([29, s, [30, 10], 31, 31, 32, 32, s, [33, 15]]),\n      rule: u([2, s, [3, 5], 4, 7, s, [1, 4], 2, 4, 6, s, [1, 14], 2])\n    }),\n    performAction: function parser__PerformAction(yystate /* action[1] */, yysp, yyvstack) {\n      /* this == yyval */\n\n      // the JS engine itself can go and remove these statements when `yy` turns out to be unused in any action code!\n      var yy = this.yy;\n      var yyparser = yy.parser;\n      var yylexer = yy.lexer;\n      switch (yystate) {\n        case 0:\n          /*! Production::    $accept : expression $end */\n\n          // default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 1,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-):\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          // END of default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 1,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-)\n          break;\n        case 1:\n          /*! Production::    expression : math_expression EOF */\n\n          // default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 2,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-):\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          // END of default action (generated by JISON mode classic/merge :: 2,VT,VA,-,-,-,-,-,-)\n\n          return yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          break;\n        case 2:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression ADD math_expression */\n        case 3:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression SUB math_expression */\n        case 4:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression MUL math_expression */\n        case 5:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : math_expression DIV math_expression */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'MathExpression',\n            operator: yyvstack[yysp - 1],\n            left: yyvstack[yysp - 2],\n            right: yyvstack[yysp]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 6:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp - 1];\n          break;\n        case 7:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : NESTED_CALC LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Calc',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 8:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : SUB PREFIX SUB NESTED_CALC LPAREN math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Calc',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1],\n            prefix: yyvstack[yysp - 5]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 9:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : css_variable */\n        case 10:\n        /*! Production::    math_expression : css_value */\n        case 11:\n          /*! Production::    math_expression : value */\n\n          this.$ = yyvstack[yysp];\n          break;\n        case 12:\n          /*! Production::    value : NUMBER */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Value',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp])\n          };\n          break;\n        case 13:\n          /*! Production::    value : SUB NUMBER */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'Value',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]) * -1\n          };\n          break;\n        case 14:\n          /*! Production::    css_variable : CSS_VAR LPAREN CSS_CPROP RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'CssVariable',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 15:\n          /*! Production::    css_variable : CSS_VAR LPAREN CSS_CPROP COMMA math_expression RPAREN */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'CssVariable',\n            value: yyvstack[yysp - 3],\n            fallback: yyvstack[yysp - 1]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 16:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : LENGTH */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'LengthValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 17:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : ANGLE */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'AngleValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 18:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : TIME */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'TimeValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 19:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : FREQ */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'FrequencyValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 20:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : RES */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ResolutionValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: /[a-z]+/.exec(yyvstack[yysp])[0]\n          };\n          break;\n        case 21:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : EMS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'EmValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'em'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 22:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : EXS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ExValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'ex'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 23:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : CHS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'ChValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'ch'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 24:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : REMS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'RemValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'rem'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 25:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VHS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VhValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vh'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 26:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VWS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VwValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vw'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 27:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VMINS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VminValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vmin'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 28:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : VMAXS */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'VmaxValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: 'vmax'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 29:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : PERCENTAGE */\n\n          this.$ = {\n            type: 'PercentageValue',\n            value: parseFloat(yyvstack[yysp]),\n            unit: '%'\n          };\n          break;\n        case 30:\n          /*! Production::    css_value : SUB css_value */\n\n          var prev = yyvstack[yysp];\n          prev.value *= -1;\n          this.$ = prev;\n          break;\n      }\n    },\n    table: bt({\n      len: u([24, 1, 5, 23, 1, 18, s, [0, 3], 1, s, [0, 16], s, [23, 4], c, [28, 3], 0, 0, 16, 1, 6, 6, s, [0, 3], 5, 1, 2, c, [37, 3], c, [20, 3], 5, 0, 0]),\n      symbol: u([4, 7, 9, 11, 12, s, [15, 19, 1], 1, 1, s, [3, 4, 1], c, [30, 19], c, [29, 4], 7, 4, 10, 11, c, [22, 14], c, [19, 3], c, [43, 22], c, [23, 69], c, [139, 4], 8, c, [51, 24], 4, c, [138, 15], 13, c, [186, 5], 8, c, [6, 6], c, [5, 5], 9, 8, 14, c, [159, 47], c, [60, 10]]),\n      type: u([s, [2, 19], s, [0, 5], 1, s, [2, 24], s, [0, 4], c, [22, 19], c, [43, 42], c, [23, 70], c, [28, 25], c, [45, 25], c, [113, 54]]),\n      state: u([1, 2, 8, 6, 7, 30, c, [4, 3], 33, 37, c, [5, 3], 38, c, [4, 3], 39, c, [4, 3], 40, c, [4, 3], 42, c, [21, 4], 50, c, [5, 3], 51, c, [4, 3]]),\n      mode: u([s, [1, 179], s, [2, 3], c, [5, 5], c, [6, 4], s, [1, 57]]),\n      goto: u([5, 3, 4, 24, s, [9, 15, 1], s, [25, 5, 1], c, [24, 19], 31, 35, 32, 34, c, [18, 14], 36, c, [38, 19], c, [19, 57], c, [118, 4], 41, c, [24, 19], 43, 35, c, [16, 14], 44, s, [2, 3], 28, 29, 2, s, [3, 3], 28, 29, 3, c, [53, 4], s, [45, 5, 1], c, [100, 42], 52, c, [5, 4], 53])\n    }),\n    defaultActions: bda({\n      idx: u([6, 7, 8, s, [10, 16, 1], 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 52, 53]),\n      goto: u([9, 10, 11, s, [16, 14, 1], 12, 1, 30, 13, s, [4, 4, 1], 14, 15, 8])\n    }),\n    parseError: function parseError(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n      if (hash.recoverable) {\n        if (typeof this.trace === 'function') {\n          this.trace(str);\n        }\n        hash.destroy(); // destroy... well, *almost*!\n      } else {\n        if (typeof this.trace === 'function') {\n          this.trace(str);\n        }\n        if (!ExceptionClass) {\n          ExceptionClass = this.JisonParserError;\n        }\n        throw new ExceptionClass(str, hash);\n      }\n    },\n    parse: function parse(input) {\n      var self = this;\n      var stack = new Array(128); // token stack: stores token which leads to state at the same index (column storage)\n      var sstack = new Array(128); // state stack: stores states (column storage)\n\n      var vstack = new Array(128); // semantic value stack\n\n      var table = this.table;\n      var sp = 0; // 'stack pointer': index into the stacks\n\n      var symbol = 0;\n      var TERROR = this.TERROR;\n      var EOF = this.EOF;\n      var ERROR_RECOVERY_TOKEN_DISCARD_COUNT = this.options.errorRecoveryTokenDiscardCount | 0 || 3;\n      var NO_ACTION = [0, 54 /* === table.length :: ensures that anyone using this new state will fail dramatically! */];\n\n      var lexer;\n      if (this.__lexer__) {\n        lexer = this.__lexer__;\n      } else {\n        lexer = this.__lexer__ = Object.create(this.lexer);\n      }\n      var sharedState_yy = {\n        parseError: undefined,\n        quoteName: undefined,\n        lexer: undefined,\n        parser: undefined,\n        pre_parse: undefined,\n        post_parse: undefined,\n        pre_lex: undefined,\n        post_lex: undefined // WARNING: must be written this way for the code expanders to work correctly in both ES5 and ES6 modes!\n      };\n\n      var ASSERT;\n      if (typeof assert !== 'function') {\n        ASSERT = function JisonAssert(cond, msg) {\n          if (!cond) {\n            throw new Error('assertion failed: ' + (msg || '***'));\n          }\n        };\n      } else {\n        ASSERT = assert;\n      }\n      this.yyGetSharedState = function yyGetSharedState() {\n        return sharedState_yy;\n      };\n      function shallow_copy_noclobber(dst, src) {\n        for (var k in src) {\n          if (typeof dst[k] === 'undefined' && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(src, k)) {\n            dst[k] = src[k];\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // copy state\n      shallow_copy_noclobber(sharedState_yy, this.yy);\n      sharedState_yy.lexer = lexer;\n      sharedState_yy.parser = this;\n\n      // Does the shared state override the default `parseError` that already comes with this instance?\n      if (typeof sharedState_yy.parseError === 'function') {\n        this.parseError = function parseErrorAlt(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n          if (!ExceptionClass) {\n            ExceptionClass = this.JisonParserError;\n          }\n          return sharedState_yy.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass);\n        };\n      } else {\n        this.parseError = this.originalParseError;\n      }\n\n      // Does the shared state override the default `quoteName` that already comes with this instance?\n      if (typeof sharedState_yy.quoteName === 'function') {\n        this.quoteName = function quoteNameAlt(id_str) {\n          return sharedState_yy.quoteName.call(this, id_str);\n        };\n      } else {\n        this.quoteName = this.originalQuoteName;\n      }\n\n      // set up the cleanup function; make it an API so that external code can re-use this one in case of\n      // calamities or when the `%options no-try-catch` option has been specified for the grammar, in which\n      // case this parse() API method doesn't come with a `finally { ... }` block any more!\n      //\n      // NOTE: as this API uses parse() as a closure, it MUST be set again on every parse() invocation,\n      //       or else your `sharedState`, etc. references will be *wrong*!\n      this.cleanupAfterParse = function parser_cleanupAfterParse(resultValue, invoke_post_methods, do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n        var rv;\n        if (invoke_post_methods) {\n          var hash;\n          if (sharedState_yy.post_parse || this.post_parse) {\n            // create an error hash info instance: we re-use this API in a **non-error situation**\n            // as this one delivers all parser internals ready for access by userland code.\n            hash = this.constructParseErrorInfo(null /* no error! */, null /* no exception! */, null, false);\n          }\n          if (sharedState_yy.post_parse) {\n            rv = sharedState_yy.post_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy, resultValue, hash);\n            if (typeof rv !== 'undefined') resultValue = rv;\n          }\n          if (this.post_parse) {\n            rv = this.post_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy, resultValue, hash);\n            if (typeof rv !== 'undefined') resultValue = rv;\n          }\n\n          // cleanup:\n          if (hash && hash.destroy) {\n            hash.destroy();\n          }\n        }\n        if (this.__reentrant_call_depth > 1) return resultValue; // do not (yet) kill the sharedState when this is a reentrant run.\n\n        // clean up the lingering lexer structures as well:\n        if (lexer.cleanupAfterLex) {\n          lexer.cleanupAfterLex(do_not_nuke_errorinfos);\n        }\n\n        // prevent lingering circular references from causing memory leaks:\n        if (sharedState_yy) {\n          sharedState_yy.lexer = undefined;\n          sharedState_yy.parser = undefined;\n          if (lexer.yy === sharedState_yy) {\n            lexer.yy = undefined;\n          }\n        }\n        sharedState_yy = undefined;\n        this.parseError = this.originalParseError;\n        this.quoteName = this.originalQuoteName;\n\n        // nuke the vstack[] array at least as that one will still reference obsoleted user values.\n        // To be safe, we nuke the other internal stack columns as well...\n        stack.length = 0; // fastest way to nuke an array without overly bothering the GC\n        sstack.length = 0;\n        vstack.length = 0;\n        sp = 0;\n\n        // nuke the error hash info instances created during this run.\n        // Userland code must COPY any data/references\n        // in the error hash instance(s) it is more permanently interested in.\n        if (!do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n          for (var i = this.__error_infos.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            var el = this.__error_infos[i];\n            if (el && typeof el.destroy === 'function') {\n              el.destroy();\n            }\n          }\n          this.__error_infos.length = 0;\n        }\n        return resultValue;\n      };\n\n      // NOTE: as this API uses parse() as a closure, it MUST be set again on every parse() invocation,\n      //       or else your `lexer`, `sharedState`, etc. references will be *wrong*!\n      this.constructParseErrorInfo = function parser_constructParseErrorInfo(msg, ex, expected, recoverable) {\n        var pei = {\n          errStr: msg,\n          exception: ex,\n          text: lexer.match,\n          value: lexer.yytext,\n          token: this.describeSymbol(symbol) || symbol,\n          token_id: symbol,\n          line: lexer.yylineno,\n          expected: expected,\n          recoverable: recoverable,\n          state: state,\n          action: action,\n          new_state: newState,\n          symbol_stack: stack,\n          state_stack: sstack,\n          value_stack: vstack,\n          stack_pointer: sp,\n          yy: sharedState_yy,\n          lexer: lexer,\n          parser: this,\n          // and make sure the error info doesn't stay due to potential\n          // ref cycle via userland code manipulations.\n          // These would otherwise all be memory leak opportunities!\n          //\n          // Note that only array and object references are nuked as those\n          // constitute the set of elements which can produce a cyclic ref.\n          // The rest of the members is kept intact as they are harmless.\n          destroy: function destructParseErrorInfo() {\n            // remove cyclic references added to error info:\n            // info.yy = null;\n            // info.lexer = null;\n            // info.value = null;\n            // info.value_stack = null;\n            // ...\n            var rec = !!this.recoverable;\n            for (var key in this) {\n              if (this.hasOwnProperty(key) && typeof key === 'object') {\n                this[key] = undefined;\n              }\n            }\n            this.recoverable = rec;\n          }\n        };\n        // track this instance so we can `destroy()` it once we deem it superfluous and ready for garbage collection!\n        this.__error_infos.push(pei);\n        return pei;\n      };\n      function getNonTerminalFromCode(symbol) {\n        var tokenName = self.getSymbolName(symbol);\n        if (!tokenName) {\n          tokenName = symbol;\n        }\n        return tokenName;\n      }\n      function stdLex() {\n        var token = lexer.lex();\n        // if token isn't its numeric value, convert\n        if (typeof token !== 'number') {\n          token = self.symbols_[token] || token;\n        }\n        return token || EOF;\n      }\n      function fastLex() {\n        var token = lexer.fastLex();\n        // if token isn't its numeric value, convert\n        if (typeof token !== 'number') {\n          token = self.symbols_[token] || token;\n        }\n        return token || EOF;\n      }\n      var lex = stdLex;\n      var state, action, r, t;\n      var yyval = {\n        $: true,\n        _$: undefined,\n        yy: sharedState_yy\n      };\n      var p;\n      var yyrulelen;\n      var this_production;\n      var newState;\n      var retval = false;\n      try {\n        this.__reentrant_call_depth++;\n        lexer.setInput(input, sharedState_yy);\n\n        // NOTE: we *assume* no lexer pre/post handlers are set up *after* \n        // this initial `setInput()` call: hence we can now check and decide\n        // whether we'll go with the standard, slower, lex() API or the\n        // `fast_lex()` one:\n        if (typeof lexer.canIUse === 'function') {\n          var lexerInfo = lexer.canIUse();\n          if (lexerInfo.fastLex && typeof fastLex === 'function') {\n            lex = fastLex;\n          }\n        }\n        vstack[sp] = null;\n        sstack[sp] = 0;\n        stack[sp] = 0;\n        ++sp;\n        if (this.pre_parse) {\n          this.pre_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy);\n        }\n        if (sharedState_yy.pre_parse) {\n          sharedState_yy.pre_parse.call(this, sharedState_yy);\n        }\n        newState = sstack[sp - 1];\n        for (;;) {\n          // retrieve state number from top of stack\n          state = newState; // sstack[sp - 1];\n\n          // use default actions if available\n          if (this.defaultActions[state]) {\n            action = 2;\n            newState = this.defaultActions[state];\n          } else {\n            // The single `==` condition below covers both these `===` comparisons in a single\n            // operation:\n            //\n            //     if (symbol === null || typeof symbol === 'undefined') ...\n            if (!symbol) {\n              symbol = lex();\n            }\n            // read action for current state and first input\n            t = table[state] && table[state][symbol] || NO_ACTION;\n            newState = t[1];\n            action = t[0];\n\n            // handle parse error\n            if (!action) {\n              var errStr;\n              var errSymbolDescr = this.describeSymbol(symbol) || symbol;\n              var expected = this.collect_expected_token_set(state);\n\n              // Report error\n              if (typeof lexer.yylineno === 'number') {\n                errStr = 'Parse error on line ' + (lexer.yylineno + 1) + ': ';\n              } else {\n                errStr = 'Parse error: ';\n              }\n              if (typeof lexer.showPosition === 'function') {\n                errStr += '\\n' + lexer.showPosition(79 - 10, 10) + '\\n';\n              }\n              if (expected.length) {\n                errStr += 'Expecting ' + expected.join(', ') + ', got unexpected ' + errSymbolDescr;\n              } else {\n                errStr += 'Unexpected ' + errSymbolDescr;\n              }\n              // we cannot recover from the error!\n              p = this.constructParseErrorInfo(errStr, null, expected, false);\n              r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n              }\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n          switch (action) {\n            // catch misc. parse failures:\n            default:\n              // this shouldn't happen, unless resolve defaults are off\n              if (action instanceof Array) {\n                p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parse Error: multiple actions possible at state: ' + state + ', token: ' + symbol, null, null, false);\n                r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n                if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                  retval = r;\n                }\n                break;\n              }\n              // Another case of better safe than sorry: in case state transitions come out of another error recovery process\n              // or a buggy LUT (LookUp Table):\n              p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parsing halted. No viable error recovery approach available due to internal system failure.', null, null, false);\n              r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n              }\n              break;\n\n            // shift:\n            case 1:\n              stack[sp] = symbol;\n              vstack[sp] = lexer.yytext;\n              sstack[sp] = newState; // push state\n\n              ++sp;\n              symbol = 0;\n\n              // Pick up the lexer details for the current symbol as that one is not 'look-ahead' any more:\n\n              continue;\n\n            // reduce:\n            case 2:\n              this_production = this.productions_[newState - 1]; // `this.productions_[]` is zero-based indexed while states start from 1 upwards...\n              yyrulelen = this_production[1];\n              r = this.performAction.call(yyval, newState, sp - 1, vstack);\n              if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n                retval = r;\n                break;\n              }\n\n              // pop off stack\n              sp -= yyrulelen;\n\n              // don't overwrite the `symbol` variable: use a local var to speed things up:\n              var ntsymbol = this_production[0]; // push nonterminal (reduce)\n              stack[sp] = ntsymbol;\n              vstack[sp] = yyval.$;\n\n              // goto new state = table[STATE][NONTERMINAL]\n              newState = table[sstack[sp - 1]][ntsymbol];\n              sstack[sp] = newState;\n              ++sp;\n              continue;\n\n            // accept:\n            case 3:\n              if (sp !== -2) {\n                retval = true;\n                // Return the `$accept` rule's `$$` result, if available.\n                //\n                // Also note that JISON always adds this top-most `$accept` rule (with implicit,\n                // default, action):\n                //\n                //     $accept: <startSymbol> $end\n                //                  %{ $$ = $1; @$ = @1; %}\n                //\n                // which, combined with the parse kernel's `$accept` state behaviour coded below,\n                // will produce the `$$` value output of the <startSymbol> rule as the parse result,\n                // IFF that result is *not* `undefined`. (See also the parser kernel code.)\n                //\n                // In code:\n                //\n                //                  %{\n                //                      @$ = @1;            // if location tracking support is included\n                //                      if (typeof $1 !== 'undefined')\n                //                          return $1;\n                //                      else\n                //                          return true;           // the default parse result if the rule actions don't produce anything\n                //                  %}\n                sp--;\n                if (typeof vstack[sp] !== 'undefined') {\n                  retval = vstack[sp];\n                }\n              }\n              break;\n          }\n\n          // break out of loop: we accept or fail with error\n          break;\n        }\n      } catch (ex) {\n        // report exceptions through the parseError callback too, but keep the exception intact\n        // if it is a known parser or lexer error which has been thrown by parseError() already:\n        if (ex instanceof this.JisonParserError) {\n          throw ex;\n        } else if (lexer && typeof lexer.JisonLexerError === 'function' && ex instanceof lexer.JisonLexerError) {\n          throw ex;\n        }\n        p = this.constructParseErrorInfo('Parsing aborted due to exception.', ex, null, false);\n        retval = false;\n        r = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonParserError);\n        if (typeof r !== 'undefined') {\n          retval = r;\n        }\n      } finally {\n        retval = this.cleanupAfterParse(retval, true, true);\n        this.__reentrant_call_depth--;\n      } // /finally\n\n      return retval;\n    }\n  };\n  parser.originalParseError = parser.parseError;\n  parser.originalQuoteName = parser.quoteName;\n  /* lexer generated by jison-lex 0.6.1-215 */\n\n  /*\n   * Returns a Lexer object of the following structure:\n   *\n   *  Lexer: {\n   *    yy: {}     The so-called \"shared state\" or rather the *source* of it;\n   *               the real \"shared state\" `yy` passed around to\n   *               the rule actions, etc. is a direct reference!\n   *\n   *               This \"shared context\" object was passed to the lexer by way of \n   *               the `lexer.setInput(str, yy)` API before you may use it.\n   *\n   *               This \"shared context\" object is passed to the lexer action code in `performAction()`\n   *               so userland code in the lexer actions may communicate with the outside world \n   *               and/or other lexer rules' actions in more or less complex ways.\n   *\n   *  }\n   *\n   *  Lexer.prototype: {\n   *    EOF: 1,\n   *    ERROR: 2,\n   *\n   *    yy:        The overall \"shared context\" object reference.\n   *\n   *    JisonLexerError: function(msg, hash),\n   *\n   *    performAction: function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START),\n   *\n   *               The function parameters and `this` have the following value/meaning:\n   *               - `this`    : reference to the `lexer` instance. \n   *                               `yy_` is an alias for `this` lexer instance reference used internally.\n   *\n   *               - `yy`      : a reference to the `yy` \"shared state\" object which was passed to the lexer\n   *                             by way of the `lexer.setInput(str, yy)` API before.\n   *\n   *                             Note:\n   *                             The extra arguments you specified in the `%parse-param` statement in your\n   *                             **parser** grammar definition file are passed to the lexer via this object\n   *                             reference as member variables.\n   *\n   *               - `yyrulenumber`   : index of the matched lexer rule (regex), used internally.\n   *\n   *               - `YY_START`: the current lexer \"start condition\" state.\n   *\n   *    parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass),\n   *\n   *    constructLexErrorInfo: function(error_message, is_recoverable),\n   *               Helper function.\n   *               Produces a new errorInfo 'hash object' which can be passed into `parseError()`.\n   *               See it's use in this lexer kernel in many places; example usage:\n   *\n   *                   var infoObj = lexer.constructParseErrorInfo('fail!', true);\n   *                   var retVal = lexer.parseError(infoObj.errStr, infoObj, lexer.JisonLexerError);\n   *\n   *    options: { ... lexer %options ... },\n   *\n   *    lex: function(),\n   *               Produce one token of lexed input, which was passed in earlier via the `lexer.setInput()` API.\n   *               You MAY use the additional `args...` parameters as per `%parse-param` spec of the **lexer** grammar:\n   *               these extra `args...` are added verbatim to the `yy` object reference as member variables.\n   *\n   *               WARNING:\n   *               Lexer's additional `args...` parameters (via lexer's `%parse-param`) MAY conflict with\n   *               any attributes already added to `yy` by the **parser** or the jison run-time; \n   *               when such a collision is detected an exception is thrown to prevent the generated run-time \n   *               from silently accepting this confusing and potentially hazardous situation! \n   *\n   *    cleanupAfterLex: function(do_not_nuke_errorinfos),\n   *               Helper function.\n   *\n   *               This helper API is invoked when the **parse process** has completed: it is the responsibility\n   *               of the **parser** (or the calling userland code) to invoke this method once cleanup is desired. \n   *\n   *               This helper may be invoked by user code to ensure the internal lexer gets properly garbage collected.\n   *\n   *    setInput: function(input, [yy]),\n   *\n   *\n   *    input: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    unput: function(str),\n   *\n   *\n   *    more: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    reject: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    less: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    pastInput: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    upcomingInput: function(n),\n   *\n   *\n   *    showPosition: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    test_match: function(regex_match_array, rule_index),\n   *\n   *\n   *    next: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    begin: function(condition),\n   *\n   *\n   *    pushState: function(condition),\n   *\n   *\n   *    popState: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    topState: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    _currentRules: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    stateStackSize: function(),\n   *\n   *\n   *    performAction: function(yy, yy_, yyrulenumber, YY_START),\n   *\n   *\n   *    rules: [...],\n   *\n   *\n   *    conditions: {associative list: name ==> set},\n   *  }\n   *\n   *\n   *  token location info (`yylloc`): {\n   *    first_line: n,\n   *    last_line: n,\n   *    first_column: n,\n   *    last_column: n,\n   *    range: [start_number, end_number]\n   *               (where the numbers are indexes into the input string, zero-based)\n   *  }\n   *\n   * ---\n   *\n   * The `parseError` function receives a 'hash' object with these members for lexer errors:\n   *\n   *  {\n   *    text:        (matched text)\n   *    token:       (the produced terminal token, if any)\n   *    token_id:    (the produced terminal token numeric ID, if any)\n   *    line:        (yylineno)\n   *    loc:         (yylloc)\n   *    recoverable: (boolean: TRUE when the parser MAY have an error recovery rule\n   *                  available for this particular error)\n   *    yy:          (object: the current parser internal \"shared state\" `yy`\n   *                  as is also available in the rule actions; this can be used,\n   *                  for instance, for advanced error analysis and reporting)\n   *    lexer:       (reference to the current lexer instance used by the parser)\n   *  }\n   *\n   * while `this` will reference the current lexer instance.\n   *\n   * When `parseError` is invoked by the lexer, the default implementation will\n   * attempt to invoke `yy.parser.parseError()`; when this callback is not provided\n   * it will try to invoke `yy.parseError()` instead. When that callback is also not\n   * provided, a `JisonLexerError` exception will be thrown containing the error\n   * message and `hash`, as constructed by the `constructLexErrorInfo()` API.\n   *\n   * Note that the lexer's `JisonLexerError` error class is passed via the\n   * `ExceptionClass` argument, which is invoked to construct the exception\n   * instance to be thrown, so technically `parseError` will throw the object\n   * produced by the `new ExceptionClass(str, hash)` JavaScript expression.\n   *\n   * ---\n   *\n   * You can specify lexer options by setting / modifying the `.options` object of your Lexer instance.\n   * These options are available:\n   *\n   * (Options are permanent.)\n   *  \n   *  yy: {\n   *      parseError: function(str, hash, ExceptionClass)\n   *                 optional: overrides the default `parseError` function.\n   *  }\n   *\n   *  lexer.options: {\n   *      pre_lex:  function()\n   *                 optional: is invoked before the lexer is invoked to produce another token.\n   *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n   *      post_lex: function(token) { return token; }\n   *                 optional: is invoked when the lexer has produced a token `token`;\n   *                 this function can override the returned token value by returning another.\n   *                 When it does not return any (truthy) value, the lexer will return\n   *                 the original `token`.\n   *                 `this` refers to the Lexer object.\n   *\n   * WARNING: the next set of options are not meant to be changed. They echo the abilities of\n   * the lexer as per when it was compiled!\n   *\n   *      ranges: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> token location info will include a .range[] member.\n   *      flex: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> flex-like lexing behaviour where the rules are tested\n   *                 exhaustively to find the longest match.\n   *      backtrack_lexer: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer regexes are tested in order and for invoked;\n   *                 the lexer terminates the scan when a token is returned by the action code.\n   *      xregexp: boolean\n   *                 optional: `true` ==> lexer rule regexes are \"extended regex format\" requiring the\n   *                 `XRegExp` library. When this %option has not been specified at compile time, all lexer\n   *                 rule regexes have been written as standard JavaScript RegExp expressions.\n   *  }\n   */\n\n  var lexer = function () {\n    /**\n     * See also:\n     * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382107/whats-a-good-way-to-extend-error-in-javascript/#35881508\n     * but we keep the prototype.constructor and prototype.name assignment lines too for compatibility\n     * with userland code which might access the derived class in a 'classic' way.\n     *\n     * @public\n     * @constructor\n     * @nocollapse\n     */\n    function JisonLexerError(msg, hash) {\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: false,\n        value: 'JisonLexerError'\n      });\n      if (msg == null) msg = '???';\n      Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', {\n        enumerable: false,\n        writable: true,\n        value: msg\n      });\n      this.hash = hash;\n      var stacktrace;\n      if (hash && hash.exception instanceof Error) {\n        var ex2 = hash.exception;\n        this.message = ex2.message || msg;\n        stacktrace = ex2.stack;\n      }\n      if (!stacktrace) {\n        if (Error.hasOwnProperty('captureStackTrace')) {\n          // V8\n          Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);\n        } else {\n          stacktrace = new Error(msg).stack;\n        }\n      }\n      if (stacktrace) {\n        Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', {\n          enumerable: false,\n          writable: false,\n          value: stacktrace\n        });\n      }\n    }\n    if (typeof Object.setPrototypeOf === 'function') {\n      Object.setPrototypeOf(JisonLexerError.prototype, Error.prototype);\n    } else {\n      JisonLexerError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n    }\n    JisonLexerError.prototype.constructor = JisonLexerError;\n    JisonLexerError.prototype.name = 'JisonLexerError';\n    var lexer = {\n      // Code Generator Information Report\n      // ---------------------------------\n      //\n      // Options:\n      //\n      //   backtracking: .................... false\n      //   location.ranges: ................. false\n      //   location line+column tracking: ... true\n      //\n      //\n      // Forwarded Parser Analysis flags:\n      //\n      //   uses yyleng: ..................... false\n      //   uses yylineno: ................... false\n      //   uses yytext: ..................... false\n      //   uses yylloc: ..................... false\n      //   uses lexer values: ............... true / true\n      //   location tracking: ............... false\n      //   location assignment: ............. false\n      //\n      //\n      // Lexer Analysis flags:\n      //\n      //   uses yyleng: ..................... ???\n      //   uses yylineno: ................... ???\n      //   uses yytext: ..................... ???\n      //   uses yylloc: ..................... ???\n      //   uses ParseError API: ............. ???\n      //   uses yyerror: .................... ???\n      //   uses location tracking & editing:  ???\n      //   uses more() API: ................. ???\n      //   uses unput() API: ................ ???\n      //   uses reject() API: ............... ???\n      //   uses less() API: ................. ???\n      //   uses display APIs pastInput(), upcomingInput(), showPosition():\n      //        ............................. ???\n      //   uses describeYYLLOC() API: ....... ???\n      //\n      // --------- END OF REPORT -----------\n\n      EOF: 1,\n      ERROR: 2,\n      // JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,        /// <-- injected by the code generator\n\n      // options: {},                             /// <-- injected by the code generator\n\n      // yy: ...,                                 /// <-- injected by setInput()\n\n      __currentRuleSet__: null,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: internal rule set cache for the current lexer state  \n\n      __error_infos: [],\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: the set of lexErrorInfo objects created since the last cleanup  \n      __decompressed: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY: mark whether the lexer instance has been 'unfolded' completely and is now ready for use  \n      done: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _backtrack: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _input: '',\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _more: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      _signaled_error_token: false,\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY  \n      conditionStack: [],\n      /// INTERNAL USE ONLY; managed via `pushState()`, `popState()`, `topState()` and `stateStackSize()`  \n      match: '',\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction. `match` is identical to `yytext` except that this one still contains the matched input string after `lexer.performAction()` has been invoked, where userland code MAY have changed/replaced the `yytext` value entirely!  \n      matched: '',\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks entire input which has been matched so far  \n      matches: false,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks RE match result for last (successful) match attempt  \n      yytext: '',\n      /// ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks input which has been matched so far for the lexer token under construction; this value is transferred to the parser as the 'token value' when the parser consumes the lexer token produced through a call to the `lex()` API.  \n      offset: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks the 'cursor position' in the input string, i.e. the number of characters matched so far  \n      yyleng: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: length of matched input for the token under construction (`yytext`)  \n      yylineno: 0,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: 'line number' at which the token under construction is located  \n      yylloc: null,\n      /// READ-ONLY EXTERNAL ACCESS - ADVANCED USE ONLY: tracks location info (lines + columns) for the token under construction  \n\n      /**\n       * INTERNAL USE: construct a suitable error info hash object instance for `parseError`.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      constructLexErrorInfo: function lexer_constructLexErrorInfo(msg, recoverable, show_input_position) {\n        msg = '' + msg;\n\n        // heuristic to determine if the error message already contains a (partial) source code dump\n        // as produced by either `showPosition()` or `prettyPrintRange()`:\n        if (show_input_position == undefined) {\n          show_input_position = !(msg.indexOf('\\n') > 0 && msg.indexOf('^') > 0);\n        }\n        if (this.yylloc && show_input_position) {\n          if (typeof this.prettyPrintRange === 'function') {\n            var pretty_src = this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);\n            if (!/\\n\\s*$/.test(msg)) {\n              msg += '\\n';\n            }\n            msg += '\\n  Erroneous area:\\n' + this.prettyPrintRange(this.yylloc);\n          } else if (typeof this.showPosition === 'function') {\n            var pos_str = this.showPosition();\n            if (pos_str) {\n              if (msg.length && msg[msg.length - 1] !== '\\n' && pos_str[0] !== '\\n') {\n                msg += '\\n' + pos_str;\n              } else {\n                msg += pos_str;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        /** @constructor */\n        var pei = {\n          errStr: msg,\n          recoverable: !!recoverable,\n          text: this.match,\n          // This one MAY be empty; userland code should use the `upcomingInput` API to obtain more text which follows the 'lexer cursor position'...  \n          token: null,\n          line: this.yylineno,\n          loc: this.yylloc,\n          yy: this.yy,\n          lexer: this,\n          /**\n           * and make sure the error info doesn't stay due to potential\n           * ref cycle via userland code manipulations.\n           * These would otherwise all be memory leak opportunities!\n           * \n           * Note that only array and object references are nuked as those\n           * constitute the set of elements which can produce a cyclic ref.\n           * The rest of the members is kept intact as they are harmless.\n           * \n           * @public\n           * @this {LexErrorInfo}\n           */\n          destroy: function destructLexErrorInfo() {\n            // remove cyclic references added to error info:\n            // info.yy = null;\n            // info.lexer = null;\n            // ...\n            var rec = !!this.recoverable;\n            for (var key in this) {\n              if (this.hasOwnProperty(key) && typeof key === 'object') {\n                this[key] = undefined;\n              }\n            }\n            this.recoverable = rec;\n          }\n        };\n\n        // track this instance so we can `destroy()` it once we deem it superfluous and ready for garbage collection!\n        this.__error_infos.push(pei);\n        return pei;\n      },\n      /**\n       * handler which is invoked when a lexer error occurs.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      parseError: function lexer_parseError(str, hash, ExceptionClass) {\n        if (!ExceptionClass) {\n          ExceptionClass = this.JisonLexerError;\n        }\n        if (this.yy) {\n          if (this.yy.parser && typeof this.yy.parser.parseError === 'function') {\n            return this.yy.parser.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass) || this.ERROR;\n          } else if (typeof this.yy.parseError === 'function') {\n            return this.yy.parseError.call(this, str, hash, ExceptionClass) || this.ERROR;\n          }\n        }\n        throw new ExceptionClass(str, hash);\n      },\n      /**\n       * method which implements `yyerror(str, ...args)` functionality for use inside lexer actions.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      yyerror: function yyError(str /*, ...args */) {\n        var lineno_msg = '';\n        if (this.yylloc) {\n          lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n        }\n        var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': ' + str, this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable);\n\n        // Add any extra args to the hash under the name `extra_error_attributes`:\n        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);\n        if (args.length) {\n          p.extra_error_attributes = args;\n        }\n        return this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n      },\n      /**\n       * final cleanup function for when we have completed lexing the input;\n       * make it an API so that external code can use this one once userland\n       * code has decided it's time to destroy any lingering lexer error\n       * hash object instances and the like: this function helps to clean\n       * up these constructs, which *may* carry cyclic references which would\n       * otherwise prevent the instances from being properly and timely\n       * garbage-collected, i.e. this function helps prevent memory leaks!\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      cleanupAfterLex: function lexer_cleanupAfterLex(do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n        // prevent lingering circular references from causing memory leaks:\n        this.setInput('', {});\n\n        // nuke the error hash info instances created during this run.\n        // Userland code must COPY any data/references\n        // in the error hash instance(s) it is more permanently interested in.\n        if (!do_not_nuke_errorinfos) {\n          for (var i = this.__error_infos.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            var el = this.__error_infos[i];\n            if (el && typeof el.destroy === 'function') {\n              el.destroy();\n            }\n          }\n          this.__error_infos.length = 0;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * clear the lexer token context; intended for internal use only\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      clear: function lexer_clear() {\n        this.yytext = '';\n        this.yyleng = 0;\n        this.match = '';\n\n        // - DO NOT reset `this.matched`\n        this.matches = false;\n        this._more = false;\n        this._backtrack = false;\n        var col = this.yylloc ? this.yylloc.last_column : 0;\n        this.yylloc = {\n          first_line: this.yylineno + 1,\n          first_column: col,\n          last_line: this.yylineno + 1,\n          last_column: col,\n          range: [this.offset, this.offset]\n        };\n      },\n      /**\n       * resets the lexer, sets new input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      setInput: function lexer_setInput(input, yy) {\n        this.yy = yy || this.yy || {};\n\n        // also check if we've fully initialized the lexer instance,\n        // including expansion work to be done to go from a loaded\n        // lexer to a usable lexer:\n        if (!this.__decompressed) {\n          // step 1: decompress the regex list:\n          var rules = this.rules;\n          for (var i = 0, len = rules.length; i < len; i++) {\n            var rule_re = rules[i];\n\n            // compression: is the RE an xref to another RE slot in the rules[] table?\n            if (typeof rule_re === 'number') {\n              rules[i] = rules[rule_re];\n            }\n          }\n\n          // step 2: unfold the conditions[] set to make these ready for use:\n          var conditions = this.conditions;\n          for (var k in conditions) {\n            var spec = conditions[k];\n            var rule_ids = spec.rules;\n            var len = rule_ids.length;\n            var rule_regexes = new Array(len + 1); // slot 0 is unused; we use a 1-based index approach here to keep the hottest code in `lexer_next()` fast and simple! \n            var rule_new_ids = new Array(len + 1);\n            for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n              var idx = rule_ids[i];\n              var rule_re = rules[idx];\n              rule_regexes[i + 1] = rule_re;\n              rule_new_ids[i + 1] = idx;\n            }\n            spec.rules = rule_new_ids;\n            spec.__rule_regexes = rule_regexes;\n            spec.__rule_count = len;\n          }\n          this.__decompressed = true;\n        }\n        this._input = input || '';\n        this.clear();\n        this._signaled_error_token = false;\n        this.done = false;\n        this.yylineno = 0;\n        this.matched = '';\n        this.conditionStack = ['INITIAL'];\n        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n        this.yylloc = {\n          first_line: 1,\n          first_column: 0,\n          last_line: 1,\n          last_column: 0,\n          range: [0, 0]\n        };\n        this.offset = 0;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * edit the remaining input via user-specified callback.\n       * This can be used to forward-adjust the input-to-parse, \n       * e.g. inserting macro expansions and alike in the\n       * input which has yet to be lexed.\n       * The behaviour of this API contrasts the `unput()` et al\n       * APIs as those act on the *consumed* input, while this\n       * one allows one to manipulate the future, without impacting\n       * the current `yyloc` cursor location or any history. \n       * \n       * Use this API to help implement C-preprocessor-like\n       * `#include` statements, etc.\n       * \n       * The provided callback must be synchronous and is\n       * expected to return the edited input (string).\n       *\n       * The `cpsArg` argument value is passed to the callback\n       * as-is.\n       *\n       * `callback` interface: \n       * `function callback(input, cpsArg)`\n       * \n       * - `input` will carry the remaining-input-to-lex string\n       *   from the lexer.\n       * - `cpsArg` is `cpsArg` passed into this API.\n       * \n       * The `this` reference for the callback will be set to\n       * reference this lexer instance so that userland code\n       * in the callback can easily and quickly access any lexer\n       * API. \n       *\n       * When the callback returns a non-string-type falsey value,\n       * we assume the callback did not edit the input and we\n       * will using the input as-is.\n       *\n       * When the callback returns a non-string-type value, it\n       * is converted to a string for lexing via the `\"\" + retval`\n       * operation. (See also why: http://2ality.com/2012/03/converting-to-string.html \n       * -- that way any returned object's `toValue()` and `toString()`\n       * methods will be invoked in a proper/desirable order.)\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      editRemainingInput: function lexer_editRemainingInput(callback, cpsArg) {\n        var rv = callback.call(this, this._input, cpsArg);\n        if (typeof rv !== 'string') {\n          if (rv) {\n            this._input = '' + rv;\n          }\n          // else: keep `this._input` as is.  \n        } else {\n          this._input = rv;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * consumes and returns one char from the input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      input: function lexer_input() {\n        if (!this._input) {\n          //this.done = true;    -- don't set `done` as we want the lex()/next() API to be able to produce one custom EOF token match after this anyhow. (lexer can match special <<EOF>> tokens and perform user action code for a <<EOF>> match, but only does so *once*)\n          return null;\n        }\n        var ch = this._input[0];\n        this.yytext += ch;\n        this.yyleng++;\n        this.offset++;\n        this.match += ch;\n        this.matched += ch;\n\n        // Count the linenumber up when we hit the LF (or a stand-alone CR).\n        // On CRLF, the linenumber is incremented when you fetch the CR or the CRLF combo\n        // and we advance immediately past the LF as well, returning both together as if\n        // it was all a single 'character' only.\n        var slice_len = 1;\n        var lines = false;\n        if (ch === '\\n') {\n          lines = true;\n        } else if (ch === '\\r') {\n          lines = true;\n          var ch2 = this._input[1];\n          if (ch2 === '\\n') {\n            slice_len++;\n            ch += ch2;\n            this.yytext += ch2;\n            this.yyleng++;\n            this.offset++;\n            this.match += ch2;\n            this.matched += ch2;\n            this.yylloc.range[1]++;\n          }\n        }\n        if (lines) {\n          this.yylineno++;\n          this.yylloc.last_line++;\n          this.yylloc.last_column = 0;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column++;\n        }\n        this.yylloc.range[1]++;\n        this._input = this._input.slice(slice_len);\n        return ch;\n      },\n      /**\n       * unshifts one char (or an entire string) into the input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      unput: function lexer_unput(ch) {\n        var len = ch.length;\n        var lines = ch.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n        this._input = ch + this._input;\n        this.yytext = this.yytext.substr(0, this.yytext.length - len);\n        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;\n        this.offset -= len;\n        this.match = this.match.substr(0, this.match.length - len);\n        this.matched = this.matched.substr(0, this.matched.length - len);\n        if (lines.length > 1) {\n          this.yylineno -= lines.length - 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_line = this.yylineno + 1;\n\n          // Get last entirely matched line into the `pre_lines[]` array's\n          // last index slot; we don't mind when other previously \n          // matched lines end up in the array too. \n          var pre = this.match;\n          var pre_lines = pre.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n          if (pre_lines.length === 1) {\n            pre = this.matched;\n            pre_lines = pre.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n          }\n          this.yylloc.last_column = pre_lines[pre_lines.length - 1].length;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column -= len;\n        }\n        this.yylloc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[0] + this.yyleng;\n        this.done = false;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * cache matched text and append it on next action\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      more: function lexer_more() {\n        this._more = true;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * signal the lexer that this rule fails to match the input, so the\n       * next matching rule (regex) should be tested instead.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      reject: function lexer_reject() {\n        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n          this._backtrack = true;\n        } else {\n          // when the `parseError()` call returns, we MUST ensure that the error is registered.\n          // We accomplish this by signaling an 'error' token to be produced for the current\n          // `.lex()` run.\n          var lineno_msg = '';\n          if (this.yylloc) {\n            lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n          }\n          var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': You can only invoke reject() in the lexer when the lexer is of the backtracking persuasion (options.backtrack_lexer = true).', false);\n          this._signaled_error_token = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n        }\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * retain first n characters of the match\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      less: function lexer_less(n) {\n        return this.unput(this.match.slice(n));\n      },\n      /**\n       * return (part of the) already matched input, i.e. for error\n       * messages.\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of\n       * input (default: 1).\n       * \n       * Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      pastInput: function lexer_pastInput(maxSize, maxLines) {\n        var past = this.matched.substring(0, this.matched.length - this.match.length);\n        if (maxSize < 0) maxSize = past.length;else if (!maxSize) maxSize = 20;\n        if (maxLines < 0) maxLines = past.length; // can't ever have more input lines than this! \n        else if (!maxLines) maxLines = 1;\n\n        // `substr` anticipation: treat \\r\\n as a single character and take a little\n        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize\n        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:\n        past = past.substr(-maxSize * 2 - 2);\n\n        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines\n        // and chop them, then limit them:\n        var a = past.replace(/\\r\\n|\\r/g, '\\n').split('\\n');\n        a = a.slice(-maxLines);\n        past = a.join('\\n');\n\n        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return,\n        // do add an ellipsis prefix...\n        if (past.length > maxSize) {\n          past = '...' + past.substr(-maxSize);\n        }\n        return past;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return (part of the) upcoming input, i.e. for error messages.\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string length to `maxSize` (default: 20).\n       * \n       * Limit the returned string to the `maxLines` number of lines of input (default: 1).\n       * \n       * Negative limit values equal *unlimited*.\n       *\n       * > ### NOTE ###\n       * >\n       * > *\"upcoming input\"* is defined as the whole of the both\n       * > the *currently lexed* input, together with any remaining input\n       * > following that. *\"currently lexed\"* input is the input \n       * > already recognized by the lexer but not yet returned with\n       * > the lexer token. This happens when you are invoking this API\n       * > from inside any lexer rule action code block. \n       * >\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      upcomingInput: function lexer_upcomingInput(maxSize, maxLines) {\n        var next = this.match;\n        if (maxSize < 0) maxSize = next.length + this._input.length;else if (!maxSize) maxSize = 20;\n        if (maxLines < 0) maxLines = maxSize; // can't ever have more input lines than this! \n        else if (!maxLines) maxLines = 1;\n\n        // `substring` anticipation: treat \\r\\n as a single character and take a little\n        // more than necessary so that we can still properly check against maxSize\n        // after we've transformed and limited the newLines in here:\n        if (next.length < maxSize * 2 + 2) {\n          next += this._input.substring(0, maxSize * 2 + 2); // substring is faster on Chrome/V8 \n        }\n\n        // now that we have a significantly reduced string to process, transform the newlines\n        // and chop them, then limit them:\n        var a = next.replace(/\\r\\n|\\r/g, '\\n').split('\\n');\n        a = a.slice(0, maxLines);\n        next = a.join('\\n');\n\n        // When, after limiting to maxLines, we still have too much to return,\n        // do add an ellipsis postfix...\n        if (next.length > maxSize) {\n          next = next.substring(0, maxSize) + '...';\n        }\n        return next;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return a string which displays the character position where the\n       * lexing error occurred, i.e. for error messages\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      showPosition: function lexer_showPosition(maxPrefix, maxPostfix) {\n        var pre = this.pastInput(maxPrefix).replace(/\\s/g, ' ');\n        var c = new Array(pre.length + 1).join('-');\n        return pre + this.upcomingInput(maxPostfix).replace(/\\s/g, ' ') + '\\n' + c + '^';\n      },\n      /**\n       * return an YYLLOC info object derived off the given context (actual, preceding, following, current).\n       * Use this method when the given `actual` location is not guaranteed to exist (i.e. when\n       * it MAY be NULL) and you MUST have a valid location info object anyway:\n       * then we take the given context of the `preceding` and `following` locations, IFF those are available,\n       * and reconstruct the `actual` location info from those.\n       * If this fails, the heuristic is to take the `current` location, IFF available.\n       * If this fails as well, we assume the sought location is at/around the current lexer position\n       * and then produce that one as a response. DO NOTE that these heuristic/derived location info\n       * values MAY be inaccurate!\n       *\n       * NOTE: `deriveLocationInfo()` ALWAYS produces a location info object *copy* of `actual`, not just\n       * a *reference* hence all input location objects can be assumed to be 'constant' (function has no side-effects).\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      deriveLocationInfo: function lexer_deriveYYLLOC(actual, preceding, following, current) {\n        var loc = {\n          first_line: 1,\n          first_column: 0,\n          last_line: 1,\n          last_column: 0,\n          range: [0, 0]\n        };\n        if (actual) {\n          loc.first_line = actual.first_line | 0;\n          loc.last_line = actual.last_line | 0;\n          loc.first_column = actual.first_column | 0;\n          loc.last_column = actual.last_column | 0;\n          if (actual.range) {\n            loc.range[0] = actual.range[0] | 0;\n            loc.range[1] = actual.range[1] | 0;\n          }\n        }\n        if (loc.first_line <= 0 || loc.last_line < loc.first_line) {\n          // plan B: heuristic using preceding and following:\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0 && preceding) {\n            loc.first_line = preceding.last_line | 0;\n            loc.first_column = preceding.last_column | 0;\n            if (preceding.range) {\n              loc.range[0] = actual.range[1] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n          if ((loc.last_line <= 0 || loc.last_line < loc.first_line) && following) {\n            loc.last_line = following.first_line | 0;\n            loc.last_column = following.first_column | 0;\n            if (following.range) {\n              loc.range[1] = actual.range[0] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n\n          // plan C?: see if the 'current' location is useful/sane too:\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0 && current && (loc.last_line <= 0 || current.last_line <= loc.last_line)) {\n            loc.first_line = current.first_line | 0;\n            loc.first_column = current.first_column | 0;\n            if (current.range) {\n              loc.range[0] = current.range[0] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n          if (loc.last_line <= 0 && current && (loc.first_line <= 0 || current.first_line >= loc.first_line)) {\n            loc.last_line = current.last_line | 0;\n            loc.last_column = current.last_column | 0;\n            if (current.range) {\n              loc.range[1] = current.range[1] | 0;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        // sanitize: fix last_line BEFORE we fix first_line as we use the 'raw' value of the latter\n        // or plan D heuristics to produce a 'sensible' last_line value:\n        if (loc.last_line <= 0) {\n          if (loc.first_line <= 0) {\n            loc.first_line = this.yylloc.first_line;\n            loc.last_line = this.yylloc.last_line;\n            loc.first_column = this.yylloc.first_column;\n            loc.last_column = this.yylloc.last_column;\n            loc.range[0] = this.yylloc.range[0];\n            loc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[1];\n          } else {\n            loc.last_line = this.yylloc.last_line;\n            loc.last_column = this.yylloc.last_column;\n            loc.range[1] = this.yylloc.range[1];\n          }\n        }\n        if (loc.first_line <= 0) {\n          loc.first_line = loc.last_line;\n          loc.first_column = 0; // loc.last_column; \n          loc.range[1] = loc.range[0];\n        }\n        if (loc.first_column < 0) {\n          loc.first_column = 0;\n        }\n        if (loc.last_column < 0) {\n          loc.last_column = loc.first_column > 0 ? loc.first_column : 80;\n        }\n        return loc;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return a string which displays the lines & columns of input which are referenced \n       * by the given location info range, plus a few lines of context.\n       * \n       * This function pretty-prints the indicated section of the input, with line numbers \n       * and everything!\n       * \n       * This function is very useful to provide highly readable error reports, while\n       * the location range may be specified in various flexible ways:\n       * \n       * - `loc` is the location info object which references the area which should be\n       *   displayed and 'marked up': these lines & columns of text are marked up by `^`\n       *   characters below each character in the entire input range.\n       * \n       * - `context_loc` is the *optional* location info object which instructs this\n       *   pretty-printer how much *leading* context should be displayed alongside\n       *   the area referenced by `loc`. This can help provide context for the displayed\n       *   error, etc.\n       * \n       *   When this location info is not provided, a default context of 3 lines is\n       *   used.\n       * \n       * - `context_loc2` is another *optional* location info object, which serves\n       *   a similar purpose to `context_loc`: it specifies the amount of *trailing*\n       *   context lines to display in the pretty-print output.\n       * \n       *   When this location info is not provided, a default context of 1 line only is\n       *   used.\n       * \n       * Special Notes:\n       * \n       * - when the `loc`-indicated range is very large (about 5 lines or more), then\n       *   only the first and last few lines of this block are printed while a\n       *   `...continued...` message will be printed between them.\n       * \n       *   This serves the purpose of not printing a huge amount of text when the `loc`\n       *   range happens to be huge: this way a manageable & readable output results\n       *   for arbitrary large ranges.\n       * \n       * - this function can display lines of input which whave not yet been lexed.\n       *   `prettyPrintRange()` can access the entire input!\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      prettyPrintRange: function lexer_prettyPrintRange(loc, context_loc, context_loc2) {\n        loc = this.deriveLocationInfo(loc, context_loc, context_loc2);\n        var CONTEXT = 3;\n        var CONTEXT_TAIL = 1;\n        var MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT = 2;\n        var input = this.matched + this._input;\n        var lines = input.split('\\n');\n        var l0 = Math.max(1, context_loc ? context_loc.first_line : loc.first_line - CONTEXT);\n        var l1 = Math.max(1, context_loc2 ? context_loc2.last_line : loc.last_line + CONTEXT_TAIL);\n        var lineno_display_width = 1 + Math.log10(l1 | 1) | 0;\n        var ws_prefix = new Array(lineno_display_width).join(' ');\n        var nonempty_line_indexes = [];\n        var rv = lines.slice(l0 - 1, l1 + 1).map(function injectLineNumber(line, index) {\n          var lno = index + l0;\n          var lno_pfx = (ws_prefix + lno).substr(-lineno_display_width);\n          var rv = lno_pfx + ': ' + line;\n          var errpfx = new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join('^');\n          var offset = 2 + 1;\n          var len = 0;\n          if (lno === loc.first_line) {\n            offset += loc.first_column;\n            len = Math.max(2, (lno === loc.last_line ? loc.last_column : line.length) - loc.first_column + 1);\n          } else if (lno === loc.last_line) {\n            len = Math.max(2, loc.last_column + 1);\n          } else if (lno > loc.first_line && lno < loc.last_line) {\n            len = Math.max(2, line.length + 1);\n          }\n          if (len) {\n            var lead = new Array(offset).join('.');\n            var mark = new Array(len).join('^');\n            rv += '\\n' + errpfx + lead + mark;\n            if (line.trim().length > 0) {\n              nonempty_line_indexes.push(index);\n            }\n          }\n          rv = rv.replace(/\\t/g, ' ');\n          return rv;\n        });\n\n        // now make sure we don't print an overly large amount of error area: limit it \n        // to the top and bottom line count:\n        if (nonempty_line_indexes.length > 2 * MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT) {\n          var clip_start = nonempty_line_indexes[MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT - 1] + 1;\n          var clip_end = nonempty_line_indexes[nonempty_line_indexes.length - MINIMUM_VISIBLE_NONEMPTY_LINE_COUNT] - 1;\n          var intermediate_line = new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join(' ') + '  (...continued...)';\n          intermediate_line += '\\n' + new Array(lineno_display_width + 1).join('-') + '  (---------------)';\n          rv.splice(clip_start, clip_end - clip_start + 1, intermediate_line);\n        }\n        return rv.join('\\n');\n      },\n      /**\n       * helper function, used to produce a human readable description as a string, given\n       * the input `yylloc` location object.\n       * \n       * Set `display_range_too` to TRUE to include the string character index position(s)\n       * in the description if the `yylloc.range` is available.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      describeYYLLOC: function lexer_describe_yylloc(yylloc, display_range_too) {\n        var l1 = yylloc.first_line;\n        var l2 = yylloc.last_line;\n        var c1 = yylloc.first_column;\n        var c2 = yylloc.last_column;\n        var dl = l2 - l1;\n        var dc = c2 - c1;\n        var rv;\n        if (dl === 0) {\n          rv = 'line ' + l1 + ', ';\n          if (dc <= 1) {\n            rv += 'column ' + c1;\n          } else {\n            rv += 'columns ' + c1 + ' .. ' + c2;\n          }\n        } else {\n          rv = 'lines ' + l1 + '(column ' + c1 + ') .. ' + l2 + '(column ' + c2 + ')';\n        }\n        if (yylloc.range && display_range_too) {\n          var r1 = yylloc.range[0];\n          var r2 = yylloc.range[1] - 1;\n          if (r2 <= r1) {\n            rv += ' {String Offset: ' + r1 + '}';\n          } else {\n            rv += ' {String Offset range: ' + r1 + ' .. ' + r2 + '}';\n          }\n        }\n        return rv;\n      },\n      /**\n       * test the lexed token: return FALSE when not a match, otherwise return token.\n       * \n       * `match` is supposed to be an array coming out of a regex match, i.e. `match[0]`\n       * contains the actually matched text string.\n       * \n       * Also move the input cursor forward and update the match collectors:\n       * \n       * - `yytext`\n       * - `yyleng`\n       * - `match`\n       * - `matches`\n       * - `yylloc`\n       * - `offset`\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      test_match: function lexer_test_match(match, indexed_rule) {\n        var token, lines, backup, match_str, match_str_len;\n        if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n          // save context\n          backup = {\n            yylineno: this.yylineno,\n            yylloc: {\n              first_line: this.yylloc.first_line,\n              last_line: this.yylloc.last_line,\n              first_column: this.yylloc.first_column,\n              last_column: this.yylloc.last_column,\n              range: this.yylloc.range.slice(0)\n            },\n            yytext: this.yytext,\n            match: this.match,\n            matches: this.matches,\n            matched: this.matched,\n            yyleng: this.yyleng,\n            offset: this.offset,\n            _more: this._more,\n            _input: this._input,\n            //_signaled_error_token: this._signaled_error_token,\n            yy: this.yy,\n            conditionStack: this.conditionStack.slice(0),\n            done: this.done\n          };\n        }\n        match_str = match[0];\n        match_str_len = match_str.length;\n\n        // if (match_str.indexOf('\\n') !== -1 || match_str.indexOf('\\r') !== -1) {\n        lines = match_str.split(/(?:\\r\\n?|\\n)/g);\n        if (lines.length > 1) {\n          this.yylineno += lines.length - 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_line = this.yylineno + 1;\n          this.yylloc.last_column = lines[lines.length - 1].length;\n        } else {\n          this.yylloc.last_column += match_str_len;\n        }\n\n        // }\n        this.yytext += match_str;\n        this.match += match_str;\n        this.matched += match_str;\n        this.matches = match;\n        this.yyleng = this.yytext.length;\n        this.yylloc.range[1] += match_str_len;\n\n        // previous lex rules MAY have invoked the `more()` API rather than producing a token:\n        // those rules will already have moved this `offset` forward matching their match lengths,\n        // hence we must only add our own match length now:\n        this.offset += match_str_len;\n        this._more = false;\n        this._backtrack = false;\n        this._input = this._input.slice(match_str_len);\n\n        // calling this method:\n        //\n        //   function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START) {...}\n        token = this.performAction.call(this, this.yy, indexed_rule, this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1] /* = YY_START */);\n\n        // otherwise, when the action codes are all simple return token statements:\n        //token = this.simpleCaseActionClusters[indexed_rule];\n\n        if (this.done && this._input) {\n          this.done = false;\n        }\n        if (token) {\n          return token;\n        } else if (this._backtrack) {\n          // recover context\n          for (var k in backup) {\n            this[k] = backup[k];\n          }\n          this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n          return false; // rule action called reject() implying the next rule should be tested instead. \n        } else if (this._signaled_error_token) {\n          // produce one 'error' token as `.parseError()` in `reject()`\n          // did not guarantee a failure signal by throwing an exception!\n          token = this._signaled_error_token;\n          this._signaled_error_token = false;\n          return token;\n        }\n        return false;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match in input\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      next: function lexer_next() {\n        if (this.done) {\n          this.clear();\n          return this.EOF;\n        }\n        if (!this._input) {\n          this.done = true;\n        }\n        var token, match, tempMatch, index;\n        if (!this._more) {\n          this.clear();\n        }\n        var spec = this.__currentRuleSet__;\n        if (!spec) {\n          // Update the ruleset cache as we apparently encountered a state change or just started lexing.\n          // The cache is set up for fast lookup -- we assume a lexer will switch states much less often than it will\n          // invoke the `lex()` token-producing API and related APIs, hence caching the set for direct access helps\n          // speed up those activities a tiny bit.\n          spec = this.__currentRuleSet__ = this._currentRules();\n\n          // Check whether a *sane* condition has been pushed before: this makes the lexer robust against\n          // user-programmer bugs such as https://github.com/zaach/jison-lex/issues/19\n          if (!spec || !spec.rules) {\n            var lineno_msg = '';\n            if (this.options.trackPosition) {\n              lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n            }\n            var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Internal lexer engine error' + lineno_msg + ': The lex grammar programmer pushed a non-existing condition name \"' + this.topState() + '\"; this is a fatal error and should be reported to the application programmer team!', false);\n\n            // produce one 'error' token until this situation has been resolved, most probably by parse termination!\n            return this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n          }\n        }\n        var rule_ids = spec.rules;\n        var regexes = spec.__rule_regexes;\n        var len = spec.__rule_count;\n\n        // Note: the arrays are 1-based, while `len` itself is a valid index,\n        // hence the non-standard less-or-equal check in the next loop condition!\n        for (var i = 1; i <= len; i++) {\n          tempMatch = this._input.match(regexes[i]);\n          if (tempMatch && (!match || tempMatch[0].length > match[0].length)) {\n            match = tempMatch;\n            index = i;\n            if (this.options.backtrack_lexer) {\n              token = this.test_match(tempMatch, rule_ids[i]);\n              if (token !== false) {\n                return token;\n              } else if (this._backtrack) {\n                match = undefined;\n                continue; // rule action called reject() implying a rule MISmatch. \n              } else {\n                // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)\n                return false;\n              }\n            } else if (!this.options.flex) {\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        if (match) {\n          token = this.test_match(match, rule_ids[index]);\n          if (token !== false) {\n            return token;\n          }\n\n          // else: this is a lexer rule which consumes input without producing a token (e.g. whitespace)\n          return false;\n        }\n        if (!this._input) {\n          this.done = true;\n          this.clear();\n          return this.EOF;\n        } else {\n          var lineno_msg = '';\n          if (this.options.trackPosition) {\n            lineno_msg = ' on line ' + (this.yylineno + 1);\n          }\n          var p = this.constructLexErrorInfo('Lexical error' + lineno_msg + ': Unrecognized text.', this.options.lexerErrorsAreRecoverable);\n          var pendingInput = this._input;\n          var activeCondition = this.topState();\n          var conditionStackDepth = this.conditionStack.length;\n          token = this.parseError(p.errStr, p, this.JisonLexerError) || this.ERROR;\n          if (token === this.ERROR) {\n            // we can try to recover from a lexer error that `parseError()` did not 'recover' for us\n            // by moving forward at least one character at a time IFF the (user-specified?) `parseError()`\n            // has not consumed/modified any pending input or changed state in the error handler:\n            if (!this.matches &&\n            // and make sure the input has been modified/consumed ...\n            pendingInput === this._input &&\n            // ...or the lexer state has been modified significantly enough\n            // to merit a non-consuming error handling action right now.\n            activeCondition === this.topState() && conditionStackDepth === this.conditionStack.length) {\n              this.input();\n            }\n          }\n          return token;\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match that has a token\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      lex: function lexer_lex() {\n        var r;\n\n        // allow the PRE/POST handlers set/modify the return token for maximum flexibility of the generated lexer:\n        if (typeof this.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          r = this.pre_lex.call(this, 0);\n        }\n        if (typeof this.options.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.options.pre_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (this.yy && typeof this.yy.pre_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.yy.pre_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        while (!r) {\n          r = this.next();\n        }\n        if (this.yy && typeof this.yy.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.yy.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (typeof this.options.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.options.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        if (typeof this.post_lex === 'function') {\n          // (also account for a userdef function which does not return any value: keep the token as is)\n          r = this.post_lex.call(this, r) || r;\n        }\n        return r;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return next match that has a token. Identical to the `lex()` API but does not invoke any of the \n       * `pre_lex()` nor any of the `post_lex()` callbacks.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      fastLex: function lexer_fastLex() {\n        var r;\n        while (!r) {\n          r = this.next();\n        }\n        return r;\n      },\n      /**\n       * return info about the lexer state that can help a parser or other lexer API user to use the\n       * most efficient means available. This API is provided to aid run-time performance for larger\n       * systems which employ this lexer.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      canIUse: function lexer_canIUse() {\n        var rv = {\n          fastLex: !(typeof this.pre_lex === 'function' || typeof this.options.pre_lex === 'function' || this.yy && typeof this.yy.pre_lex === 'function' || this.yy && typeof this.yy.post_lex === 'function' || typeof this.options.post_lex === 'function' || typeof this.post_lex === 'function') && typeof this.fastLex === 'function'\n        };\n        return rv;\n      },\n      /**\n       * backwards compatible alias for `pushState()`;\n       * the latter is symmetrical with `popState()` and we advise to use\n       * those APIs in any modern lexer code, rather than `begin()`.\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      begin: function lexer_begin(condition) {\n        return this.pushState(condition);\n      },\n      /**\n       * activates a new lexer condition state (pushes the new lexer\n       * condition state onto the condition stack)\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      pushState: function lexer_pushState(condition) {\n        this.conditionStack.push(condition);\n        this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n        return this;\n      },\n      /**\n       * pop the previously active lexer condition state off the condition\n       * stack\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      popState: function lexer_popState() {\n        var n = this.conditionStack.length - 1;\n        if (n > 0) {\n          this.__currentRuleSet__ = null;\n          return this.conditionStack.pop();\n        } else {\n          return this.conditionStack[0];\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return the currently active lexer condition state; when an index\n       * argument is provided it produces the N-th previous condition state,\n       * if available\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      topState: function lexer_topState(n) {\n        n = this.conditionStack.length - 1 - Math.abs(n || 0);\n        if (n >= 0) {\n          return this.conditionStack[n];\n        } else {\n          return 'INITIAL';\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * (internal) determine the lexer rule set which is active for the\n       * currently active lexer condition state\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      _currentRules: function lexer__currentRules() {\n        if (this.conditionStack.length && this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]) {\n          return this.conditions[this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length - 1]];\n        } else {\n          return this.conditions['INITIAL'];\n        }\n      },\n      /**\n       * return the number of states currently on the stack\n       * \n       * @public\n       * @this {RegExpLexer}\n       */\n      stateStackSize: function lexer_stateStackSize() {\n        return this.conditionStack.length;\n      },\n      options: {\n        trackPosition: true\n      },\n      JisonLexerError: JisonLexerError,\n      performAction: function lexer__performAction(yy, yyrulenumber, YY_START) {\n        var yy_ = this;\n        var YYSTATE = YY_START;\n        switch (yyrulenumber) {\n          case 1:\n            /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n            /*! Rule::       \\s+ */\n            /* skip whitespace */\n            break;\n          default:\n            return this.simpleCaseActionClusters[yyrulenumber];\n        }\n      },\n      simpleCaseActionClusters: {\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (--[0-9a-z-A-Z-]*) */\n        0: 13,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\* */\n        2: 5,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\/ */\n        3: 6,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\+ */\n        4: 3,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       - */\n        5: 4,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)px\\b */\n        6: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)cm\\b */\n        7: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)mm\\b */\n        8: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)in\\b */\n        9: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)pt\\b */\n        10: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)pc\\b */\n        11: 15,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)deg\\b */\n        12: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)grad\\b */\n        13: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)rad\\b */\n        14: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)turn\\b */\n        15: 16,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)s\\b */\n        16: 17,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ms\\b */\n        17: 17,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)Hz\\b */\n        18: 18,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)kHz\\b */\n        19: 18,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dpi\\b */\n        20: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dpcm\\b */\n        21: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)dppx\\b */\n        22: 19,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)em\\b */\n        23: 20,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ex\\b */\n        24: 21,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)ch\\b */\n        25: 22,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)rem\\b */\n        26: 23,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vw\\b */\n        27: 25,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vh\\b */\n        28: 24,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vmin\\b */\n        29: 26,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)vmax\\b */\n        30: 27,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)% */\n        31: 28,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?|\\.[0-9]+)\\b */\n        32: 11,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (calc) */\n        33: 9,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       (var) */\n        34: 12,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       ([a-z]+) */\n        35: 10,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\( */\n        36: 7,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       \\) */\n        37: 8,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       , */\n        38: 14,\n        /*! Conditions:: INITIAL */\n        /*! Rule::       $ */\n        39: 1\n      },\n      rules: [/*  0: */ /^(?:(--[\\d\\-A-Za-z]*))/, /*  1: */ /^(?:\\s+)/, /*  2: */ /^(?:\\*)/, /*  3: */ /^(?:\\/)/, /*  4: */ /^(?:\\+)/, /*  5: */ /^(?:-)/, /*  6: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)px\\b)/, /*  7: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)cm\\b)/, /*  8: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)mm\\b)/, /*  9: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)in\\b)/, /* 10: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)pt\\b)/, /* 11: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)pc\\b)/, /* 12: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)deg\\b)/, /* 13: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)grad\\b)/, /* 14: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)rad\\b)/, /* 15: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)turn\\b)/, /* 16: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)s\\b)/, /* 17: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ms\\b)/, /* 18: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)Hz\\b)/, /* 19: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)kHz\\b)/, /* 20: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dpi\\b)/, /* 21: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dpcm\\b)/, /* 22: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)dppx\\b)/, /* 23: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)em\\b)/, /* 24: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ex\\b)/, /* 25: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)ch\\b)/, /* 26: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)rem\\b)/, /* 27: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vw\\b)/, /* 28: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vh\\b)/, /* 29: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vmin\\b)/, /* 30: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)vmax\\b)/, /* 31: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)%)/, /* 32: */ /^(?:(\\d+(\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)\\b)/, /* 33: */ /^(?:(calc))/, /* 34: */ /^(?:(var))/, /* 35: */ /^(?:([a-z]+))/, /* 36: */ /^(?:\\()/, /* 37: */ /^(?:\\))/, /* 38: */ /^(?:,)/, /* 39: */ /^(?:$)/],\n      conditions: {\n        'INITIAL': {\n          rules: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39],\n          inclusive: true\n        }\n      }\n    };\n    return lexer;\n  }();\n  parser.lexer = lexer;\n  function Parser() {\n    this.yy = {};\n  }\n  Parser.prototype = parser;\n  parser.Parser = Parser;\n  return new Parser();\n}();\nif (typeof require !== 'undefined' && typeof exports !== 'undefined') {\n  exports.parser = parser;\n  exports.Parser = parser.Parser;\n  exports.parse = function () {\n    return parser.parse.apply(parser, arguments);\n  };\n}","var parse = require(\"./parse\");\nvar walk = require(\"./walk\");\nvar stringify = require(\"./stringify\");\nfunction ValueParser(value) {\n  if (this instanceof ValueParser) {\n    this.nodes = parse(value);\n    return this;\n  }\n  return new ValueParser(value);\n}\nValueParser.prototype.toString = function () {\n  return Array.isArray(this.nodes) ? stringify(this.nodes) : \"\";\n};\nValueParser.prototype.walk = function (cb, bubble) {\n  walk(this.nodes, cb, bubble);\n  return this;\n};\nValueParser.unit = require(\"./unit\");\nValueParser.walk = walk;\nValueParser.stringify = stringify;\nmodule.exports = ValueParser;","var openParentheses = \"(\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar closeParentheses = \")\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar singleQuote = \"'\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar doubleQuote = '\"'.charCodeAt(0);\nvar backslash = \"\\\\\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar slash = \"/\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar comma = \",\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar colon = \":\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar star = \"*\".charCodeAt(0);\nmodule.exports = function (input) {\n  var tokens = [];\n  var value = input;\n  var next, quote, prev, token, escape, escapePos, whitespacePos;\n  var pos = 0;\n  var code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n  var max = value.length;\n  var stack = [{\n    nodes: tokens\n  }];\n  var balanced = 0;\n  var parent;\n  var name = \"\";\n  var before = \"\";\n  var after = \"\";\n  while (pos < max) {\n    // Whitespaces\n    if (code <= 32) {\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (code <= 32);\n      token = value.slice(pos, next);\n      prev = tokens[tokens.length - 1];\n      if (code === closeParentheses && balanced) {\n        after = token;\n      } else if (prev && prev.type === \"div\") {\n        prev.after = token;\n      } else if (code === comma || code === colon || code === slash && value.charCodeAt(next + 1) !== star) {\n        before = token;\n      } else {\n        tokens.push({\n          type: \"space\",\n          sourceIndex: pos,\n          value: token\n        });\n      }\n      pos = next;\n\n      // Quotes\n    } else if (code === singleQuote || code === doubleQuote) {\n      next = pos;\n      quote = code === singleQuote ? \"'\" : '\"';\n      token = {\n        type: \"string\",\n        sourceIndex: pos,\n        quote: quote\n      };\n      do {\n        escape = false;\n        next = value.indexOf(quote, next + 1);\n        if (~next) {\n          escapePos = next;\n          while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {\n            escapePos -= 1;\n            escape = !escape;\n          }\n        } else {\n          value += quote;\n          next = value.length - 1;\n          token.unclosed = true;\n        }\n      } while (escape);\n      token.value = value.slice(pos + 1, next);\n      tokens.push(token);\n      pos = next + 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Comments\n    } else if (code === slash && value.charCodeAt(pos + 1) === star) {\n      token = {\n        type: \"comment\",\n        sourceIndex: pos\n      };\n      next = value.indexOf(\"*/\", pos);\n      if (next === -1) {\n        token.unclosed = true;\n        next = value.length;\n      }\n      token.value = value.slice(pos + 2, next);\n      tokens.push(token);\n      pos = next + 2;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Dividers\n    } else if (code === slash || code === comma || code === colon) {\n      token = value[pos];\n      tokens.push({\n        type: \"div\",\n        sourceIndex: pos - before.length,\n        value: token,\n        before: before,\n        after: \"\"\n      });\n      before = \"\";\n      pos += 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n\n      // Open parentheses\n    } else if (openParentheses === code) {\n      // Whitespaces after open parentheses\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (code <= 32);\n      token = {\n        type: \"function\",\n        sourceIndex: pos - name.length,\n        value: name,\n        before: value.slice(pos + 1, next)\n      };\n      pos = next;\n      if (name === \"url\" && code !== singleQuote && code !== doubleQuote) {\n        next -= 1;\n        do {\n          escape = false;\n          next = value.indexOf(\")\", next + 1);\n          if (~next) {\n            escapePos = next;\n            while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {\n              escapePos -= 1;\n              escape = !escape;\n            }\n          } else {\n            value += \")\";\n            next = value.length - 1;\n            token.unclosed = true;\n          }\n        } while (escape);\n        // Whitespaces before closed\n        whitespacePos = next;\n        do {\n          whitespacePos -= 1;\n          code = value.charCodeAt(whitespacePos);\n        } while (code <= 32);\n        if (pos !== whitespacePos + 1) {\n          token.nodes = [{\n            type: \"word\",\n            sourceIndex: pos,\n            value: value.slice(pos, whitespacePos + 1)\n          }];\n        } else {\n          token.nodes = [];\n        }\n        if (token.unclosed && whitespacePos + 1 !== next) {\n          token.after = \"\";\n          token.nodes.push({\n            type: \"space\",\n            sourceIndex: whitespacePos + 1,\n            value: value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next)\n          });\n        } else {\n          token.after = value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next);\n        }\n        pos = next + 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n        tokens.push(token);\n      } else {\n        balanced += 1;\n        token.after = \"\";\n        tokens.push(token);\n        stack.push(token);\n        tokens = token.nodes = [];\n        parent = token;\n      }\n      name = \"\";\n\n      // Close parentheses\n    } else if (closeParentheses === code && balanced) {\n      pos += 1;\n      code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n      parent.after = after;\n      after = \"\";\n      balanced -= 1;\n      stack.pop();\n      parent = stack[balanced];\n      tokens = parent.nodes;\n\n      // Words\n    } else {\n      next = pos;\n      do {\n        if (code === backslash) {\n          next += 1;\n        }\n        next += 1;\n        code = value.charCodeAt(next);\n      } while (next < max && !(code <= 32 || code === singleQuote || code === doubleQuote || code === comma || code === colon || code === slash || code === openParentheses || code === closeParentheses && balanced));\n      token = value.slice(pos, next);\n      if (openParentheses === code) {\n        name = token;\n      } else {\n        tokens.push({\n          type: \"word\",\n          sourceIndex: pos,\n          value: token\n        });\n      }\n      pos = next;\n    }\n  }\n  for (pos = stack.length - 1; pos; pos -= 1) {\n    stack[pos].unclosed = true;\n  }\n  return stack[0].nodes;\n};","function stringifyNode(node, custom) {\n  var type = node.type;\n  var value = node.value;\n  var buf;\n  var customResult;\n  if (custom && (customResult = custom(node)) !== undefined) {\n    return customResult;\n  } else if (type === \"word\" || type === \"space\") {\n    return value;\n  } else if (type === \"string\") {\n    buf = node.quote || \"\";\n    return buf + value + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : buf);\n  } else if (type === \"comment\") {\n    return \"/*\" + value + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : \"*/\");\n  } else if (type === \"div\") {\n    return (node.before || \"\") + value + (node.after || \"\");\n  } else if (Array.isArray(node.nodes)) {\n    buf = stringify(node.nodes);\n    if (type !== \"function\") {\n      return buf;\n    }\n    return value + \"(\" + (node.before || \"\") + buf + (node.after || \"\") + (node.unclosed ? \"\" : \")\");\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction stringify(nodes, custom) {\n  var result, i;\n  if (Array.isArray(nodes)) {\n    result = \"\";\n    for (i = nodes.length - 1; ~i; i -= 1) {\n      result = stringifyNode(nodes[i], custom) + result;\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  return stringifyNode(nodes, custom);\n}\nmodule.exports = stringify;","var minus = \"-\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar plus = \"+\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar dot = \".\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar exp = \"e\".charCodeAt(0);\nvar EXP = \"E\".charCodeAt(0);\nmodule.exports = function (value) {\n  var pos = 0;\n  var length = value.length;\n  var dotted = false;\n  var sciPos = -1;\n  var containsNumber = false;\n  var code;\n  while (pos < length) {\n    code = value.charCodeAt(pos);\n    if (code >= 48 && code <= 57) {\n      containsNumber = true;\n    } else if (code === exp || code === EXP) {\n      if (sciPos > -1) {\n        break;\n      }\n      sciPos = pos;\n    } else if (code === dot) {\n      if (dotted) {\n        break;\n      }\n      dotted = true;\n    } else if (code === plus || code === minus) {\n      if (pos !== 0) {\n        break;\n      }\n    } else {\n      break;\n    }\n    pos += 1;\n  }\n  if (sciPos + 1 === pos) pos--;\n  return containsNumber ? {\n    number: value.slice(0, pos),\n    unit: value.slice(pos)\n  } : false;\n};","module.exports = function walk(nodes, cb, bubble) {\n  var i, max, node, result;\n  for (i = 0, max = nodes.length; i < max; i += 1) {\n    node = nodes[i];\n    if (!bubble) {\n      result = cb(node, i, nodes);\n    }\n    if (result !== false && node.type === \"function\" && Array.isArray(node.nodes)) {\n      walk(node.nodes, cb, bubble);\n    }\n    if (bubble) {\n      cb(node, i, nodes);\n    }\n  }\n};","//\n\nmodule.exports = function shallowEqual(objA, objB, compare, compareContext) {\n  var ret = compare ? compare.call(compareContext, objA, objB) : void 0;\n  if (ret !== void 0) {\n    return !!ret;\n  }\n  if (objA === objB) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (typeof objA !== \"object\" || !objA || typeof objB !== \"object\" || !objB) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var keysA = Object.keys(objA);\n  var keysB = Object.keys(objB);\n  if (keysA.length !== keysB.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var bHasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.bind(objB);\n\n  // Test for A's keys different from B.\n  for (var idx = 0; idx < keysA.length; idx++) {\n    var key = keysA[idx];\n    if (!bHasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    var valueA = objA[key];\n    var valueB = objB[key];\n    ret = compare ? compare.call(compareContext, valueA, valueB, key) : void 0;\n    if (ret === false || ret === void 0 && valueA !== valueB) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};","var engine = require('../src/store-engine');\nvar storages = require('../storages/all');\nvar plugins = [require('../plugins/json2')];\nmodule.exports = engine.createStore(storages, plugins);","module.exports = json2Plugin;\nfunction json2Plugin() {\n  require('./lib/json2');\n  return {};\n}","/* eslint-disable */\n\n//  json2.js\n//  2016-10-28\n//  Public Domain.\n//  NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.\n//  See http://www.JSON.org/js.html\n//  This code should be minified before deployment.\n//  See http://javascript.crockford.com/jsmin.html\n\n//  USE YOUR OWN COPY. IT IS EXTREMELY UNWISE TO LOAD CODE FROM SERVERS YOU DO\n//  NOT CONTROL.\n\n//  This file creates a global JSON object containing two methods: stringify\n//  and parse. This file provides the ES5 JSON capability to ES3 systems.\n//  If a project might run on IE8 or earlier, then this file should be included.\n//  This file does nothing on ES5 systems.\n\n//      JSON.stringify(value, replacer, space)\n//          value       any JavaScript value, usually an object or array.\n//          replacer    an optional parameter that determines how object\n//                      values are stringified for objects. It can be a\n//                      function or an array of strings.\n//          space       an optional parameter that specifies the indentation\n//                      of nested structures. If it is omitted, the text will\n//                      be packed without extra whitespace. If it is a number,\n//                      it will specify the number of spaces to indent at each\n//                      level. If it is a string (such as \"\\t\" or \"&nbsp;\"),\n//                      it contains the characters used to indent at each level.\n//          This method produces a JSON text from a JavaScript value.\n//          When an object value is found, if the object contains a toJSON\n//          method, its toJSON method will be called and the result will be\n//          stringified. A toJSON method does not serialize: it returns the\n//          value represented by the name/value pair that should be serialized,\n//          or undefined if nothing should be serialized. The toJSON method\n//          will be passed the key associated with the value, and this will be\n//          bound to the value.\n\n//          For example, this would serialize Dates as ISO strings.\n\n//              Date.prototype.toJSON = function (key) {\n//                  function f(n) {\n//                      // Format integers to have at least two digits.\n//                      return (n < 10)\n//                          ? \"0\" + n\n//                          : n;\n//                  }\n//                  return this.getUTCFullYear()   + \"-\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + \"-\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCDate())      + \"T\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCHours())     + \":\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCMinutes())   + \":\" +\n//                       f(this.getUTCSeconds())   + \"Z\";\n//              };\n\n//          You can provide an optional replacer method. It will be passed the\n//          key and value of each member, with this bound to the containing\n//          object. The value that is returned from your method will be\n//          serialized. If your method returns undefined, then the member will\n//          be excluded from the serialization.\n\n//          If the replacer parameter is an array of strings, then it will be\n//          used to select the members to be serialized. It filters the results\n//          such that only members with keys listed in the replacer array are\n//          stringified.\n\n//          Values that do not have JSON representations, such as undefined or\n//          functions, will not be serialized. Such values in objects will be\n//          dropped; in arrays they will be replaced with null. You can use\n//          a replacer function to replace those with JSON values.\n\n//          JSON.stringify(undefined) returns undefined.\n\n//          The optional space parameter produces a stringification of the\n//          value that is filled with line breaks and indentation to make it\n//          easier to read.\n\n//          If the space parameter is a non-empty string, then that string will\n//          be used for indentation. If the space parameter is a number, then\n//          the indentation will be that many spaces.\n\n//          Example:\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([\"e\", {pluribus: \"unum\"}]);\n//          // text is '[\"e\",{\"pluribus\":\"unum\"}]'\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([\"e\", {pluribus: \"unum\"}], null, \"\\t\");\n//          // text is '[\\n\\t\"e\",\\n\\t{\\n\\t\\t\"pluribus\": \"unum\"\\n\\t}\\n]'\n\n//          text = JSON.stringify([new Date()], function (key, value) {\n//              return this[key] instanceof Date\n//                  ? \"Date(\" + this[key] + \")\"\n//                  : value;\n//          });\n//          // text is '[\"Date(---current time---)\"]'\n\n//      JSON.parse(text, reviver)\n//          This method parses a JSON text to produce an object or array.\n//          It can throw a SyntaxError exception.\n\n//          The optional reviver parameter is a function that can filter and\n//          transform the results. It receives each of the keys and values,\n//          and its return value is used instead of the original value.\n//          If it returns what it received, then the structure is not modified.\n//          If it returns undefined then the member is deleted.\n\n//          Example:\n\n//          // Parse the text. Values that look like ISO date strings will\n//          // be converted to Date objects.\n\n//          myData = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {\n//              var a;\n//              if (typeof value === \"string\") {\n//                  a =\n//   /^(\\d{4})-(\\d{2})-(\\d{2})T(\\d{2}):(\\d{2}):(\\d{2}(?:\\.\\d*)?)Z$/.exec(value);\n//                  if (a) {\n//                      return new Date(Date.UTC(+a[1], +a[2] - 1, +a[3], +a[4],\n//                          +a[5], +a[6]));\n//                  }\n//              }\n//              return value;\n//          });\n\n//          myData = JSON.parse('[\"Date(09/09/2001)\"]', function (key, value) {\n//              var d;\n//              if (typeof value === \"string\" &&\n//                      value.slice(0, 5) === \"Date(\" &&\n//                      value.slice(-1) === \")\") {\n//                  d = new Date(value.slice(5, -1));\n//                  if (d) {\n//                      return d;\n//                  }\n//              }\n//              return value;\n//          });\n\n//  This is a reference implementation. You are free to copy, modify, or\n//  redistribute.\n\n/*jslint\n    eval, for, this\n*/\n\n/*property\n    JSON, apply, call, charCodeAt, getUTCDate, getUTCFullYear, getUTCHours,\n    getUTCMinutes, getUTCMonth, getUTCSeconds, hasOwnProperty, join,\n    lastIndex, length, parse, prototype, push, replace, slice, stringify,\n    test, toJSON, toString, valueOf\n*/\n\n// Create a JSON object only if one does not already exist. We create the\n// methods in a closure to avoid creating global variables.\n\nif (typeof JSON !== \"object\") {\n  JSON = {};\n}\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  var rx_one = /^[\\],:{}\\s]*$/;\n  var rx_two = /\\\\(?:[\"\\\\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;\n  var rx_three = /\"[^\"\\\\\\n\\r]*\"|true|false|null|-?\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?(?:[eE][+\\-]?\\d+)?/g;\n  var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\\s*\\[)+/g;\n  var rx_escapable = /[\\\\\"\\u0000-\\u001f\\u007f-\\u009f\\u00ad\\u0600-\\u0604\\u070f\\u17b4\\u17b5\\u200c-\\u200f\\u2028-\\u202f\\u2060-\\u206f\\ufeff\\ufff0-\\uffff]/g;\n  var rx_dangerous = /[\\u0000\\u00ad\\u0600-\\u0604\\u070f\\u17b4\\u17b5\\u200c-\\u200f\\u2028-\\u202f\\u2060-\\u206f\\ufeff\\ufff0-\\uffff]/g;\n  function f(n) {\n    // Format integers to have at least two digits.\n    return n < 10 ? \"0\" + n : n;\n  }\n  function this_value() {\n    return this.valueOf();\n  }\n  if (typeof Date.prototype.toJSON !== \"function\") {\n    Date.prototype.toJSON = function () {\n      return isFinite(this.valueOf()) ? this.getUTCFullYear() + \"-\" + f(this.getUTCMonth() + 1) + \"-\" + f(this.getUTCDate()) + \"T\" + f(this.getUTCHours()) + \":\" + f(this.getUTCMinutes()) + \":\" + f(this.getUTCSeconds()) + \"Z\" : null;\n    };\n    Boolean.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n    Number.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n    String.prototype.toJSON = this_value;\n  }\n  var gap;\n  var indent;\n  var meta;\n  var rep;\n  function quote(string) {\n    // If the string contains no control characters, no quote characters, and no\n    // backslash characters, then we can safely slap some quotes around it.\n    // Otherwise we must also replace the offending characters with safe escape\n    // sequences.\n\n    rx_escapable.lastIndex = 0;\n    return rx_escapable.test(string) ? \"\\\"\" + string.replace(rx_escapable, function (a) {\n      var c = meta[a];\n      return typeof c === \"string\" ? c : \"\\\\u\" + (\"0000\" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);\n    }) + \"\\\"\" : \"\\\"\" + string + \"\\\"\";\n  }\n  function str(key, holder) {\n    // Produce a string from holder[key].\n\n    var i; // The loop counter.\n    var k; // The member key.\n    var v; // The member value.\n    var length;\n    var mind = gap;\n    var partial;\n    var value = holder[key];\n\n    // If the value has a toJSON method, call it to obtain a replacement value.\n\n    if (value && typeof value === \"object\" && typeof value.toJSON === \"function\") {\n      value = value.toJSON(key);\n    }\n\n    // If we were called with a replacer function, then call the replacer to\n    // obtain a replacement value.\n\n    if (typeof rep === \"function\") {\n      value = rep.call(holder, key, value);\n    }\n\n    // What happens next depends on the value's type.\n\n    switch (typeof value) {\n      case \"string\":\n        return quote(value);\n      case \"number\":\n        // JSON numbers must be finite. Encode non-finite numbers as null.\n\n        return isFinite(value) ? String(value) : \"null\";\n      case \"boolean\":\n      case \"null\":\n        // If the value is a boolean or null, convert it to a string. Note:\n        // typeof null does not produce \"null\". The case is included here in\n        // the remote chance that this gets fixed someday.\n\n        return String(value);\n\n      // If the type is \"object\", we might be dealing with an object or an array or\n      // null.\n\n      case \"object\":\n        // Due to a specification blunder in ECMAScript, typeof null is \"object\",\n        // so watch out for that case.\n\n        if (!value) {\n          return \"null\";\n        }\n\n        // Make an array to hold the partial results of stringifying this object value.\n\n        gap += indent;\n        partial = [];\n\n        // Is the value an array?\n\n        if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(value) === \"[object Array]\") {\n          // The value is an array. Stringify every element. Use null as a placeholder\n          // for non-JSON values.\n\n          length = value.length;\n          for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {\n            partial[i] = str(i, value) || \"null\";\n          }\n\n          // Join all of the elements together, separated with commas, and wrap them in\n          // brackets.\n\n          v = partial.length === 0 ? \"[]\" : gap ? \"[\\n\" + gap + partial.join(\",\\n\" + gap) + \"\\n\" + mind + \"]\" : \"[\" + partial.join(\",\") + \"]\";\n          gap = mind;\n          return v;\n        }\n\n        // If the replacer is an array, use it to select the members to be stringified.\n\n        if (rep && typeof rep === \"object\") {\n          length = rep.length;\n          for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {\n            if (typeof rep[i] === \"string\") {\n              k = rep[i];\n              v = str(k, value);\n              if (v) {\n                partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? \": \" : \":\") + v);\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        } else {\n          // Otherwise, iterate through all of the keys in the object.\n\n          for (k in value) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {\n              v = str(k, value);\n              if (v) {\n                partial.push(quote(k) + (gap ? \": \" : \":\") + v);\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        // Join all of the member texts together, separated with commas,\n        // and wrap them in braces.\n\n        v = partial.length === 0 ? \"{}\" : gap ? \"{\\n\" + gap + partial.join(\",\\n\" + gap) + \"\\n\" + mind + \"}\" : \"{\" + partial.join(\",\") + \"}\";\n        gap = mind;\n        return v;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // If the JSON object does not yet have a stringify method, give it one.\n\n  if (typeof JSON.stringify !== \"function\") {\n    meta = {\n      // table of character substitutions\n      \"\\b\": \"\\\\b\",\n      \"\\t\": \"\\\\t\",\n      \"\\n\": \"\\\\n\",\n      \"\\f\": \"\\\\f\",\n      \"\\r\": \"\\\\r\",\n      \"\\\"\": \"\\\\\\\"\",\n      \"\\\\\": \"\\\\\\\\\"\n    };\n    JSON.stringify = function (value, replacer, space) {\n      // The stringify method takes a value and an optional replacer, and an optional\n      // space parameter, and returns a JSON text. The replacer can be a function\n      // that can replace values, or an array of strings that will select the keys.\n      // A default replacer method can be provided. Use of the space parameter can\n      // produce text that is more easily readable.\n\n      var i;\n      gap = \"\";\n      indent = \"\";\n\n      // If the space parameter is a number, make an indent string containing that\n      // many spaces.\n\n      if (typeof space === \"number\") {\n        for (i = 0; i < space; i += 1) {\n          indent += \" \";\n        }\n\n        // If the space parameter is a string, it will be used as the indent string.\n      } else if (typeof space === \"string\") {\n        indent = space;\n      }\n\n      // If there is a replacer, it must be a function or an array.\n      // Otherwise, throw an error.\n\n      rep = replacer;\n      if (replacer && typeof replacer !== \"function\" && (typeof replacer !== \"object\" || typeof replacer.length !== \"number\")) {\n        throw new Error(\"JSON.stringify\");\n      }\n\n      // Make a fake root object containing our value under the key of \"\".\n      // Return the result of stringifying the value.\n\n      return str(\"\", {\n        \"\": value\n      });\n    };\n  }\n\n  // If the JSON object does not yet have a parse method, give it one.\n\n  if (typeof JSON.parse !== \"function\") {\n    JSON.parse = function (text, reviver) {\n      // The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns\n      // a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.\n\n      var j;\n      function walk(holder, key) {\n        // The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so\n        // that modifications can be made.\n\n        var k;\n        var v;\n        var value = holder[key];\n        if (value && typeof value === \"object\") {\n          for (k in value) {\n            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {\n              v = walk(value, k);\n              if (v !== undefined) {\n                value[k] = v;\n              } else {\n                delete value[k];\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        return reviver.call(holder, key, value);\n      }\n\n      // Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain\n      // Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters\n      // incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.\n\n      text = String(text);\n      rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;\n      if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {\n        text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function (a) {\n          return \"\\\\u\" + (\"0000\" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);\n        });\n      }\n\n      // In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look\n      // for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with \"()\" and \"new\"\n      // because they can cause invocation, and \"=\" because it can cause mutation.\n      // But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.\n\n      // We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around\n      // crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we\n      // replace the JSON backslash pairs with \"@\" (a non-JSON character). Second, we\n      // replace all simple value tokens with \"]\" characters. Third, we delete all\n      // open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,\n      // we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or \"]\" or\n      // \",\" or \":\" or \"{\" or \"}\". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.\n\n      if (rx_one.test(text.replace(rx_two, \"@\").replace(rx_three, \"]\").replace(rx_four, \"\"))) {\n        // In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a\n        // JavaScript structure. The \"{\" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity\n        // in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text\n        // in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.\n\n        j = eval(\"(\" + text + \")\");\n\n        // In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing\n        // each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.\n\n        return typeof reviver === \"function\" ? walk({\n          \"\": j\n        }, \"\") : j;\n      }\n\n      // If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.\n\n      throw new SyntaxError(\"JSON.parse\");\n    };\n  }\n})();","var util = require('./util');\nvar slice = util.slice;\nvar pluck = util.pluck;\nvar each = util.each;\nvar bind = util.bind;\nvar create = util.create;\nvar isList = util.isList;\nvar isFunction = util.isFunction;\nvar isObject = util.isObject;\nmodule.exports = {\n  createStore: _createStore\n};\nvar storeAPI = {\n  version: '2.0.12',\n  enabled: false,\n  // get returns the value of the given key. If that value\n  // is undefined, it returns optionalDefaultValue instead.\n  get: function get(key, optionalDefaultValue) {\n    var data = this.storage.read(this._namespacePrefix + key);\n    return this._deserialize(data, optionalDefaultValue);\n  },\n  // set will store the given value at key and returns value.\n  // Calling set with value === undefined is equivalent to calling remove.\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      return this.remove(key);\n    }\n    this.storage.write(this._namespacePrefix + key, this._serialize(value));\n    return value;\n  },\n  // remove deletes the key and value stored at the given key.\n  remove: function remove(key) {\n    this.storage.remove(this._namespacePrefix + key);\n  },\n  // each will call the given callback once for each key-value pair\n  // in this store.\n  each: function each(callback) {\n    var self = this;\n    this.storage.each(function (val, namespacedKey) {\n      callback.call(self, self._deserialize(val), (namespacedKey || '').replace(self._namespaceRegexp, ''));\n    });\n  },\n  // clearAll will remove all the stored key-value pairs in this store.\n  clearAll: function clearAll() {\n    this.storage.clearAll();\n  },\n  // additional functionality that can't live in plugins\n  // ---------------------------------------------------\n\n  // hasNamespace returns true if this store instance has the given namespace.\n  hasNamespace: function hasNamespace(namespace) {\n    return this._namespacePrefix == '__storejs_' + namespace + '_';\n  },\n  // createStore creates a store.js instance with the first\n  // functioning storage in the list of storage candidates,\n  // and applies the the given mixins to the instance.\n  createStore: function createStore() {\n    return _createStore.apply(this, arguments);\n  },\n  addPlugin: function addPlugin(plugin) {\n    this._addPlugin(plugin);\n  },\n  namespace: function namespace(_namespace) {\n    return _createStore(this.storage, this.plugins, _namespace);\n  }\n};\nfunction _warn() {\n  var _console = typeof console == 'undefined' ? null : console;\n  if (!_console) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fn = _console.warn ? _console.warn : _console.log;\n  fn.apply(_console, arguments);\n}\nfunction _createStore(storages, plugins, namespace) {\n  if (!namespace) {\n    namespace = '';\n  }\n  if (storages && !isList(storages)) {\n    storages = [storages];\n  }\n  if (plugins && !isList(plugins)) {\n    plugins = [plugins];\n  }\n  var namespacePrefix = namespace ? '__storejs_' + namespace + '_' : '';\n  var namespaceRegexp = namespace ? new RegExp('^' + namespacePrefix) : null;\n  var legalNamespaces = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\-]*$/; // alpha-numeric + underscore and dash\n  if (!legalNamespaces.test(namespace)) {\n    throw new Error('store.js namespaces can only have alphanumerics + underscores and dashes');\n  }\n  var _privateStoreProps = {\n    _namespacePrefix: namespacePrefix,\n    _namespaceRegexp: namespaceRegexp,\n    _testStorage: function _testStorage(storage) {\n      try {\n        var testStr = '__storejs__test__';\n        storage.write(testStr, testStr);\n        var ok = storage.read(testStr) === testStr;\n        storage.remove(testStr);\n        return ok;\n      } catch (e) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    },\n    _assignPluginFnProp: function _assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName) {\n      var oldFn = this[propName];\n      this[propName] = function pluginFn() {\n        var args = slice(arguments, 0);\n        var self = this;\n\n        // super_fn calls the old function which was overwritten by\n        // this mixin.\n        function super_fn() {\n          if (!oldFn) {\n            return;\n          }\n          each(arguments, function (arg, i) {\n            args[i] = arg;\n          });\n          return oldFn.apply(self, args);\n        }\n\n        // Give mixing function access to super_fn by prefixing all mixin function\n        // arguments with super_fn.\n        var newFnArgs = [super_fn].concat(args);\n        return pluginFnProp.apply(self, newFnArgs);\n      };\n    },\n    _serialize: function _serialize(obj) {\n      return JSON.stringify(obj);\n    },\n    _deserialize: function _deserialize(strVal, defaultVal) {\n      if (!strVal) {\n        return defaultVal;\n      }\n      // It is possible that a raw string value has been previously stored\n      // in a storage without using store.js, meaning it will be a raw\n      // string value instead of a JSON serialized string. By defaulting\n      // to the raw string value in case of a JSON parse error, we allow\n      // for past stored values to be forwards-compatible with store.js\n      var val = '';\n      try {\n        val = JSON.parse(strVal);\n      } catch (e) {\n        val = strVal;\n      }\n      return val !== undefined ? val : defaultVal;\n    },\n    _addStorage: function _addStorage(storage) {\n      if (this.enabled) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (this._testStorage(storage)) {\n        this.storage = storage;\n        this.enabled = true;\n      }\n    },\n    _addPlugin: function _addPlugin(plugin) {\n      var self = this;\n\n      // If the plugin is an array, then add all plugins in the array.\n      // This allows for a plugin to depend on other plugins.\n      if (isList(plugin)) {\n        each(plugin, function (plugin) {\n          self._addPlugin(plugin);\n        });\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // Keep track of all plugins we've seen so far, so that we\n      // don't add any of them twice.\n      var seenPlugin = pluck(this.plugins, function (seenPlugin) {\n        return plugin === seenPlugin;\n      });\n      if (seenPlugin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      this.plugins.push(plugin);\n\n      // Check that the plugin is properly formed\n      if (!isFunction(plugin)) {\n        throw new Error('Plugins must be function values that return objects');\n      }\n      var pluginProperties = plugin.call(this);\n      if (!isObject(pluginProperties)) {\n        throw new Error('Plugins must return an object of function properties');\n      }\n\n      // Add the plugin function properties to this store instance.\n      each(pluginProperties, function (pluginFnProp, propName) {\n        if (!isFunction(pluginFnProp)) {\n          throw new Error('Bad plugin property: ' + propName + ' from plugin ' + plugin.name + '. Plugins should only return functions.');\n        }\n        self._assignPluginFnProp(pluginFnProp, propName);\n      });\n    },\n    // Put deprecated properties in the private API, so as to not expose it to accidential\n    // discovery through inspection of the store object.\n\n    // Deprecated: addStorage\n    addStorage: function addStorage(storage) {\n      _warn('store.addStorage(storage) is deprecated. Use createStore([storages])');\n      this._addStorage(storage);\n    }\n  };\n  var store = create(_privateStoreProps, storeAPI, {\n    plugins: []\n  });\n  store.raw = {};\n  each(store, function (prop, propName) {\n    if (isFunction(prop)) {\n      store.raw[propName] = bind(store, prop);\n    }\n  });\n  each(storages, function (storage) {\n    store._addStorage(storage);\n  });\n  each(plugins, function (plugin) {\n    store._addPlugin(plugin);\n  });\n  return store;\n}","var assign = make_assign();\nvar create = make_create();\nvar trim = make_trim();\nvar Global = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  assign: assign,\n  create: create,\n  trim: trim,\n  bind: bind,\n  slice: slice,\n  each: each,\n  map: map,\n  pluck: pluck,\n  isList: isList,\n  isFunction: isFunction,\n  isObject: isObject,\n  Global: Global\n};\nfunction make_assign() {\n  if (Object.assign) {\n    return Object.assign;\n  } else {\n    return function shimAssign(obj, props1, props2, etc) {\n      for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n        each(Object(arguments[i]), function (val, key) {\n          obj[key] = val;\n        });\n      }\n      return obj;\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction make_create() {\n  if (Object.create) {\n    return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {\n      var assignArgsList = slice(arguments, 1);\n      return assign.apply(this, [Object.create(obj)].concat(assignArgsList));\n    };\n  } else {\n    var F = function F() {}; // eslint-disable-line no-inner-declarations\n    return function create(obj, assignProps1, assignProps2, etc) {\n      var assignArgsList = slice(arguments, 1);\n      F.prototype = obj;\n      return assign.apply(this, [new F()].concat(assignArgsList));\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction make_trim() {\n  if (String.prototype.trim) {\n    return function trim(str) {\n      return String.prototype.trim.call(str);\n    };\n  } else {\n    return function trim(str) {\n      return str.replace(/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g, '');\n    };\n  }\n}\nfunction bind(obj, fn) {\n  return function () {\n    return fn.apply(obj, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0));\n  };\n}\nfunction slice(arr, index) {\n  return Array.prototype.slice.call(arr, index || 0);\n}\nfunction each(obj, fn) {\n  pluck(obj, function (val, key) {\n    fn(val, key);\n    return false;\n  });\n}\nfunction map(obj, fn) {\n  var res = isList(obj) ? [] : {};\n  pluck(obj, function (v, k) {\n    res[k] = fn(v, k);\n    return false;\n  });\n  return res;\n}\nfunction pluck(obj, fn) {\n  if (isList(obj)) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {\n      if (fn(obj[i], i)) {\n        return obj[i];\n      }\n    }\n  } else {\n    for (var key in obj) {\n      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n        if (fn(obj[key], key)) {\n          return obj[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction isList(val) {\n  return val != null && typeof val != 'function' && typeof val.length == 'number';\n}\nfunction isFunction(val) {\n  return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Function]';\n}\nfunction isObject(val) {\n  return val && {}.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';\n}","module.exports = [\n// Listed in order of usage preference\nrequire('./localStorage'), require('./oldFF-globalStorage'), require('./oldIE-userDataStorage'), require('./cookieStorage'), require('./sessionStorage'), require('./memoryStorage')];","// cookieStorage is useful Safari private browser mode, where localStorage\n// doesn't work but cookies do. This implementation is adopted from\n// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Storage/LocalStorage\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nvar trim = util.trim;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'cookieStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar doc = Global.document;\nfunction read(key) {\n  if (!key || !_has(key)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var regexpStr = \"(?:^|.*;\\\\s*)\" + escape(key).replace(/[\\-\\.\\+\\*]/g, \"\\\\$&\") + \"\\\\s*\\\\=\\\\s*((?:[^;](?!;))*[^;]?).*\";\n  return unescape(doc.cookie.replace(new RegExp(regexpStr), \"$1\"));\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  var cookies = doc.cookie.split(/; ?/g);\n  for (var i = cookies.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    if (!trim(cookies[i])) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    var kvp = cookies[i].split('=');\n    var key = unescape(kvp[0]);\n    var val = unescape(kvp[1]);\n    callback(val, key);\n  }\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  if (!key) {\n    return;\n  }\n  doc.cookie = escape(key) + \"=\" + escape(data) + \"; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT; path=/\";\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  if (!key || !_has(key)) {\n    return;\n  }\n  doc.cookie = escape(key) + \"=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/\";\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  each(function (_, key) {\n    remove(key);\n  });\n}\nfunction _has(key) {\n  return new RegExp(\"(?:^|;\\\\s*)\" + escape(key).replace(/[\\-\\.\\+\\*]/g, \"\\\\$&\") + \"\\\\s*\\\\=\").test(doc.cookie);\n}","var util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'localStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nfunction localStorage() {\n  return Global.localStorage;\n}\nfunction read(key) {\n  return localStorage().getItem(key);\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  return localStorage().setItem(key, data);\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = localStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = localStorage().key(i);\n    fn(read(key), key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return localStorage().removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  return localStorage().clear();\n}","// memoryStorage is a useful last fallback to ensure that the store\n// is functions (meaning store.get(), store.set(), etc will all function).\n// However, stored values will not persist when the browser navigates to\n// a new page or reloads the current page.\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'memoryStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar memoryStorage = {};\nfunction read(key) {\n  return memoryStorage[key];\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  memoryStorage[key] = data;\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  for (var key in memoryStorage) {\n    if (memoryStorage.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n      callback(memoryStorage[key], key);\n    }\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  delete memoryStorage[key];\n}\nfunction clearAll(key) {\n  memoryStorage = {};\n}","// oldFF-globalStorage provides storage for Firefox\n// versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, etc\n// is available.\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'oldFF-globalStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar globalStorage = Global.globalStorage;\nfunction read(key) {\n  return globalStorage[key];\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  globalStorage[key] = data;\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = globalStorage.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = globalStorage.key(i);\n    fn(globalStorage[key], key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return globalStorage.removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  each(function (key, _) {\n    delete globalStorage[key];\n  });\n}","// oldIE-userDataStorage provides storage for Internet Explorer\n// versions 6 and 7, where no localStorage, sessionStorage, etc\n// is available.\n\nvar util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'oldIE-userDataStorage',\n  write: write,\n  read: read,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nvar storageName = 'storejs';\nvar doc = Global.document;\nvar _withStorageEl = _makeIEStorageElFunction();\nvar disable = (Global.navigator ? Global.navigator.userAgent : '').match(/ (MSIE 8|MSIE 9|MSIE 10)\\./); // MSIE 9.x, MSIE 10.x\n\nfunction write(unfixedKey, data) {\n  if (disable) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    storageEl.setAttribute(fixedKey, data);\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\nfunction read(unfixedKey) {\n  if (disable) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  var res = null;\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    res = storageEl.getAttribute(fixedKey);\n  });\n  return res;\n}\nfunction each(callback) {\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n    for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      var attr = attributes[i];\n      callback(storageEl.getAttribute(attr.name), attr.name);\n    }\n  });\n}\nfunction remove(unfixedKey) {\n  var fixedKey = fixKey(unfixedKey);\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    storageEl.removeAttribute(fixedKey);\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  _withStorageEl(function (storageEl) {\n    var attributes = storageEl.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n    storageEl.load(storageName);\n    for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n      storageEl.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);\n    }\n    storageEl.save(storageName);\n  });\n}\n\n// Helpers\n//////////\n\n// In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.\n// See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40\n// See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83\nvar forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp(\"[!\\\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\\\\\:;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|}~]\", \"g\");\nfunction fixKey(key) {\n  return key.replace(/^\\d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___');\n}\nfunction _makeIEStorageElFunction() {\n  if (!doc || !doc.documentElement || !doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var scriptTag = 'script',\n    storageOwner,\n    storageContainer,\n    storageEl;\n\n  // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to\n  // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico\n  // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to\n  // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an\n  // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object\n  // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)\n  // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and\n  // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This\n  // document can be used instead of the current document (which would\n  // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.\n  try {\n    /* global ActiveXObject */\n    storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n    storageContainer.open();\n    storageContainer.write('<' + scriptTag + '>document.w=window</' + scriptTag + '><iframe src=\"/favicon.ico\"></iframe>');\n    storageContainer.close();\n    storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;\n    storageEl = storageOwner.createElement('div');\n  } catch (e) {\n    // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special\n    // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage\n    storageEl = doc.createElement('div');\n    storageOwner = doc.body;\n  }\n  return function (storeFunction) {\n    var args = [].slice.call(arguments, 0);\n    args.unshift(storageEl);\n    // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx\n    // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx\n    storageOwner.appendChild(storageEl);\n    storageEl.addBehavior('#default#userData');\n    storageEl.load(storageName);\n    storeFunction.apply(this, args);\n    storageOwner.removeChild(storageEl);\n    return;\n  };\n}","var util = require('../src/util');\nvar Global = util.Global;\nmodule.exports = {\n  name: 'sessionStorage',\n  read: read,\n  write: write,\n  each: each,\n  remove: remove,\n  clearAll: clearAll\n};\nfunction sessionStorage() {\n  return Global.sessionStorage;\n}\nfunction read(key) {\n  return sessionStorage().getItem(key);\n}\nfunction write(key, data) {\n  return sessionStorage().setItem(key, data);\n}\nfunction each(fn) {\n  for (var i = sessionStorage().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    var key = sessionStorage().key(i);\n    fn(read(key), key);\n  }\n}\nfunction remove(key) {\n  return sessionStorage().removeItem(key);\n}\nfunction clearAll() {\n  return sessionStorage().clear();\n}","function stylis_min(W) {\n  function M(d, c, e, h, a) {\n    for (var m = 0, b = 0, v = 0, n = 0, q, g, x = 0, K = 0, k, u = k = q = 0, l = 0, r = 0, I = 0, t = 0, B = e.length, J = B - 1, y, f = '', p = '', F = '', G = '', C; l < B;) {\n      g = e.charCodeAt(l);\n      l === J && 0 !== b + n + v + m && (0 !== b && (g = 47 === b ? 10 : 47), n = v = m = 0, B++, J++);\n      if (0 === b + n + v + m) {\n        if (l === J && (0 < r && (f = f.replace(N, '')), 0 < f.trim().length)) {\n          switch (g) {\n            case 32:\n            case 9:\n            case 59:\n            case 13:\n            case 10:\n              break;\n            default:\n              f += e.charAt(l);\n          }\n          g = 59;\n        }\n        switch (g) {\n          case 123:\n            f = f.trim();\n            q = f.charCodeAt(0);\n            k = 1;\n            for (t = ++l; l < B;) {\n              switch (g = e.charCodeAt(l)) {\n                case 123:\n                  k++;\n                  break;\n                case 125:\n                  k--;\n                  break;\n                case 47:\n                  switch (g = e.charCodeAt(l + 1)) {\n                    case 42:\n                    case 47:\n                      a: {\n                        for (u = l + 1; u < J; ++u) {\n                          switch (e.charCodeAt(u)) {\n                            case 47:\n                              if (42 === g && 42 === e.charCodeAt(u - 1) && l + 2 !== u) {\n                                l = u + 1;\n                                break a;\n                              }\n                              break;\n                            case 10:\n                              if (47 === g) {\n                                l = u + 1;\n                                break a;\n                              }\n                          }\n                        }\n                        l = u;\n                      }\n                  }\n                  break;\n                case 91:\n                  g++;\n                case 40:\n                  g++;\n                case 34:\n                case 39:\n                  for (; l++ < J && e.charCodeAt(l) !== g;) {}\n              }\n              if (0 === k) break;\n              l++;\n            }\n            k = e.substring(t, l);\n            0 === q && (q = (f = f.replace(ca, '').trim()).charCodeAt(0));\n            switch (q) {\n              case 64:\n                0 < r && (f = f.replace(N, ''));\n                g = f.charCodeAt(1);\n                switch (g) {\n                  case 100:\n                  case 109:\n                  case 115:\n                  case 45:\n                    r = c;\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    r = O;\n                }\n                k = M(c, r, k, g, a + 1);\n                t = k.length;\n                0 < A && (r = X(O, f, I), C = H(3, k, r, c, D, z, t, g, a, h), f = r.join(''), void 0 !== C && 0 === (t = (k = C.trim()).length) && (g = 0, k = ''));\n                if (0 < t) switch (g) {\n                  case 115:\n                    f = f.replace(da, ea);\n                  case 100:\n                  case 109:\n                  case 45:\n                    k = f + '{' + k + '}';\n                    break;\n                  case 107:\n                    f = f.replace(fa, '$1 $2');\n                    k = f + '{' + k + '}';\n                    k = 1 === w || 2 === w && L('@' + k, 3) ? '@-webkit-' + k + '@' + k : '@' + k;\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    k = f + k, 112 === h && (k = (p += k, ''));\n                } else k = '';\n                break;\n              default:\n                k = M(c, X(c, f, I), k, h, a + 1);\n            }\n            F += k;\n            k = I = r = u = q = 0;\n            f = '';\n            g = e.charCodeAt(++l);\n            break;\n          case 125:\n          case 59:\n            f = (0 < r ? f.replace(N, '') : f).trim();\n            if (1 < (t = f.length)) switch (0 === u && (q = f.charCodeAt(0), 45 === q || 96 < q && 123 > q) && (t = (f = f.replace(' ', ':')).length), 0 < A && void 0 !== (C = H(1, f, c, d, D, z, p.length, h, a, h)) && 0 === (t = (f = C.trim()).length) && (f = '\\x00\\x00'), q = f.charCodeAt(0), g = f.charCodeAt(1), q) {\n              case 0:\n                break;\n              case 64:\n                if (105 === g || 99 === g) {\n                  G += f + e.charAt(l);\n                  break;\n                }\n              default:\n                58 !== f.charCodeAt(t - 1) && (p += P(f, q, g, f.charCodeAt(2)));\n            }\n            I = r = u = q = 0;\n            f = '';\n            g = e.charCodeAt(++l);\n        }\n      }\n      switch (g) {\n        case 13:\n        case 10:\n          47 === b ? b = 0 : 0 === 1 + q && 107 !== h && 0 < f.length && (r = 1, f += '\\x00');\n          0 < A * Y && H(0, f, c, d, D, z, p.length, h, a, h);\n          z = 1;\n          D++;\n          break;\n        case 59:\n        case 125:\n          if (0 === b + n + v + m) {\n            z++;\n            break;\n          }\n        default:\n          z++;\n          y = e.charAt(l);\n          switch (g) {\n            case 9:\n            case 32:\n              if (0 === n + m + b) switch (x) {\n                case 44:\n                case 58:\n                case 9:\n                case 32:\n                  y = '';\n                  break;\n                default:\n                  32 !== g && (y = ' ');\n              }\n              break;\n            case 0:\n              y = '\\\\0';\n              break;\n            case 12:\n              y = '\\\\f';\n              break;\n            case 11:\n              y = '\\\\v';\n              break;\n            case 38:\n              0 === n + b + m && (r = I = 1, y = '\\f' + y);\n              break;\n            case 108:\n              if (0 === n + b + m + E && 0 < u) switch (l - u) {\n                case 2:\n                  112 === x && 58 === e.charCodeAt(l - 3) && (E = x);\n                case 8:\n                  111 === K && (E = K);\n              }\n              break;\n            case 58:\n              0 === n + b + m && (u = l);\n              break;\n            case 44:\n              0 === b + v + n + m && (r = 1, y += '\\r');\n              break;\n            case 34:\n            case 39:\n              0 === b && (n = n === g ? 0 : 0 === n ? g : n);\n              break;\n            case 91:\n              0 === n + b + v && m++;\n              break;\n            case 93:\n              0 === n + b + v && m--;\n              break;\n            case 41:\n              0 === n + b + m && v--;\n              break;\n            case 40:\n              if (0 === n + b + m) {\n                if (0 === q) switch (2 * x + 3 * K) {\n                  case 533:\n                    break;\n                  default:\n                    q = 1;\n                }\n                v++;\n              }\n              break;\n            case 64:\n              0 === b + v + n + m + u + k && (k = 1);\n              break;\n            case 42:\n            case 47:\n              if (!(0 < n + m + v)) switch (b) {\n                case 0:\n                  switch (2 * g + 3 * e.charCodeAt(l + 1)) {\n                    case 235:\n                      b = 47;\n                      break;\n                    case 220:\n                      t = l, b = 42;\n                  }\n                  break;\n                case 42:\n                  47 === g && 42 === x && t + 2 !== l && (33 === e.charCodeAt(t + 2) && (p += e.substring(t, l + 1)), y = '', b = 0);\n              }\n          }\n          0 === b && (f += y);\n      }\n      K = x;\n      x = g;\n      l++;\n    }\n    t = p.length;\n    if (0 < t) {\n      r = c;\n      if (0 < A && (C = H(2, p, r, d, D, z, t, h, a, h), void 0 !== C && 0 === (p = C).length)) return G + p + F;\n      p = r.join(',') + '{' + p + '}';\n      if (0 !== w * E) {\n        2 !== w || L(p, 2) || (E = 0);\n        switch (E) {\n          case 111:\n            p = p.replace(ha, ':-moz-$1') + p;\n            break;\n          case 112:\n            p = p.replace(Q, '::-webkit-input-$1') + p.replace(Q, '::-moz-$1') + p.replace(Q, ':-ms-input-$1') + p;\n        }\n        E = 0;\n      }\n    }\n    return G + p + F;\n  }\n  function X(d, c, e) {\n    var h = c.trim().split(ia);\n    c = h;\n    var a = h.length,\n      m = d.length;\n    switch (m) {\n      case 0:\n      case 1:\n        var b = 0;\n        for (d = 0 === m ? '' : d[0] + ' '; b < a; ++b) {\n          c[b] = Z(d, c[b], e).trim();\n        }\n        break;\n      default:\n        var v = b = 0;\n        for (c = []; b < a; ++b) {\n          for (var n = 0; n < m; ++n) {\n            c[v++] = Z(d[n] + ' ', h[b], e).trim();\n          }\n        }\n    }\n    return c;\n  }\n  function Z(d, c, e) {\n    var h = c.charCodeAt(0);\n    33 > h && (h = (c = c.trim()).charCodeAt(0));\n    switch (h) {\n      case 38:\n        return c.replace(F, '$1' + d.trim());\n      case 58:\n        return d.trim() + c.replace(F, '$1' + d.trim());\n      default:\n        if (0 < 1 * e && 0 < c.indexOf('\\f')) return c.replace(F, (58 === d.charCodeAt(0) ? '' : '$1') + d.trim());\n    }\n    return d + c;\n  }\n  function P(d, c, e, h) {\n    var a = d + ';',\n      m = 2 * c + 3 * e + 4 * h;\n    if (944 === m) {\n      d = a.indexOf(':', 9) + 1;\n      var b = a.substring(d, a.length - 1).trim();\n      b = a.substring(0, d).trim() + b + ';';\n      return 1 === w || 2 === w && L(b, 1) ? '-webkit-' + b + b : b;\n    }\n    if (0 === w || 2 === w && !L(a, 1)) return a;\n    switch (m) {\n      case 1015:\n        return 97 === a.charCodeAt(10) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 951:\n        return 116 === a.charCodeAt(3) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 963:\n        return 110 === a.charCodeAt(5) ? '-webkit-' + a + a : a;\n      case 1009:\n        if (100 !== a.charCodeAt(4)) break;\n      case 969:\n      case 942:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + a;\n      case 978:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-moz-' + a + a;\n      case 1019:\n      case 983:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-moz-' + a + '-ms-' + a + a;\n      case 883:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(8)) return '-webkit-' + a + a;\n        if (0 < a.indexOf('image-set(', 11)) return a.replace(ja, '$1-webkit-$2') + a;\n        break;\n      case 932:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(4)) switch (a.charCodeAt(5)) {\n          case 103:\n            return '-webkit-box-' + a.replace('-grow', '') + '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('grow', 'positive') + a;\n          case 115:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('shrink', 'negative') + a;\n          case 98:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a.replace('basis', 'preferred-size') + a;\n        }\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + a + a;\n      case 964:\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-' + a + a;\n      case 1023:\n        if (99 !== a.charCodeAt(8)) break;\n        b = a.substring(a.indexOf(':', 15)).replace('flex-', '').replace('space-between', 'justify');\n        return '-webkit-box-pack' + b + '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-pack' + b + a;\n      case 1005:\n        return ka.test(a) ? a.replace(aa, ':-webkit-') + a.replace(aa, ':-moz-') + a : a;\n      case 1e3:\n        b = a.substring(13).trim();\n        c = b.indexOf('-') + 1;\n        switch (b.charCodeAt(0) + b.charCodeAt(c)) {\n          case 226:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'tb');\n            break;\n          case 232:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'tb-rl');\n            break;\n          case 220:\n            b = a.replace(G, 'lr');\n            break;\n          default:\n            return a;\n        }\n        return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-' + b + a;\n      case 1017:\n        if (-1 === a.indexOf('sticky', 9)) break;\n      case 975:\n        c = (a = d).length - 10;\n        b = (33 === a.charCodeAt(c) ? a.substring(0, c) : a).substring(d.indexOf(':', 7) + 1).trim();\n        switch (m = b.charCodeAt(0) + (b.charCodeAt(7) | 0)) {\n          case 203:\n            if (111 > b.charCodeAt(8)) break;\n          case 115:\n            a = a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + ';' + a;\n            break;\n          case 207:\n          case 102:\n            a = a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + (102 < m ? 'inline-' : '') + 'box') + ';' + a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + ';' + a.replace(b, '-ms-' + b + 'box') + ';' + a;\n        }\n        return a + ';';\n      case 938:\n        if (45 === a.charCodeAt(5)) switch (a.charCodeAt(6)) {\n          case 105:\n            return b = a.replace('-items', ''), '-webkit-' + a + '-webkit-box-' + b + '-ms-flex-' + b + a;\n          case 115:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-item-' + a.replace(ba, '') + a;\n          default:\n            return '-webkit-' + a + '-ms-flex-line-pack' + a.replace('align-content', '').replace(ba, '') + a;\n        }\n        break;\n      case 973:\n      case 989:\n        if (45 !== a.charCodeAt(3) || 122 === a.charCodeAt(4)) break;\n      case 931:\n      case 953:\n        if (!0 === la.test(d)) return 115 === (b = d.substring(d.indexOf(':') + 1)).charCodeAt(0) ? P(d.replace('stretch', 'fill-available'), c, e, h).replace(':fill-available', ':stretch') : a.replace(b, '-webkit-' + b) + a.replace(b, '-moz-' + b.replace('fill-', '')) + a;\n        break;\n      case 962:\n        if (a = '-webkit-' + a + (102 === a.charCodeAt(5) ? '-ms-' + a : '') + a, 211 === e + h && 105 === a.charCodeAt(13) && 0 < a.indexOf('transform', 10)) return a.substring(0, a.indexOf(';', 27) + 1).replace(ma, '$1-webkit-$2') + a;\n    }\n    return a;\n  }\n  function L(d, c) {\n    var e = d.indexOf(1 === c ? ':' : '{'),\n      h = d.substring(0, 3 !== c ? e : 10);\n    e = d.substring(e + 1, d.length - 1);\n    return R(2 !== c ? h : h.replace(na, '$1'), e, c);\n  }\n  function ea(d, c) {\n    var e = P(c, c.charCodeAt(0), c.charCodeAt(1), c.charCodeAt(2));\n    return e !== c + ';' ? e.replace(oa, ' or ($1)').substring(4) : '(' + c + ')';\n  }\n  function H(d, c, e, h, a, m, b, v, n, q) {\n    for (var g = 0, x = c, w; g < A; ++g) {\n      switch (w = S[g].call(B, d, x, e, h, a, m, b, v, n, q)) {\n        case void 0:\n        case !1:\n        case !0:\n        case null:\n          break;\n        default:\n          x = w;\n      }\n    }\n    if (x !== c) return x;\n  }\n  function T(d) {\n    switch (d) {\n      case void 0:\n      case null:\n        A = S.length = 0;\n        break;\n      default:\n        if ('function' === typeof d) S[A++] = d;else if ('object' === typeof d) for (var c = 0, e = d.length; c < e; ++c) {\n          T(d[c]);\n        } else Y = !!d | 0;\n    }\n    return T;\n  }\n  function U(d) {\n    d = d.prefix;\n    void 0 !== d && (R = null, d ? 'function' !== typeof d ? w = 1 : (w = 2, R = d) : w = 0);\n    return U;\n  }\n  function B(d, c) {\n    var e = d;\n    33 > e.charCodeAt(0) && (e = e.trim());\n    V = e;\n    e = [V];\n    if (0 < A) {\n      var h = H(-1, c, e, e, D, z, 0, 0, 0, 0);\n      void 0 !== h && 'string' === typeof h && (c = h);\n    }\n    var a = M(O, e, c, 0, 0);\n    0 < A && (h = H(-2, a, e, e, D, z, a.length, 0, 0, 0), void 0 !== h && (a = h));\n    V = '';\n    E = 0;\n    z = D = 1;\n    return a;\n  }\n  var ca = /^\\0+/g,\n    N = /[\\0\\r\\f]/g,\n    aa = /: */g,\n    ka = /zoo|gra/,\n    ma = /([,: ])(transform)/g,\n    ia = /,\\r+?/g,\n    F = /([\\t\\r\\n ])*\\f?&/g,\n    fa = /@(k\\w+)\\s*(\\S*)\\s*/,\n    Q = /::(place)/g,\n    ha = /:(read-only)/g,\n    G = /[svh]\\w+-[tblr]{2}/,\n    da = /\\(\\s*(.*)\\s*\\)/g,\n    oa = /([\\s\\S]*?);/g,\n    ba = /-self|flex-/g,\n    na = /[^]*?(:[rp][el]a[\\w-]+)[^]*/,\n    la = /stretch|:\\s*\\w+\\-(?:conte|avail)/,\n    ja = /([^-])(image-set\\()/,\n    z = 1,\n    D = 1,\n    E = 0,\n    w = 1,\n    O = [],\n    S = [],\n    A = 0,\n    R = null,\n    Y = 0,\n    V = '';\n  B.use = T;\n  B.set = U;\n  void 0 !== W && U(W);\n  return B;\n}\nexport default stylis_min;","var unitlessKeys = {\n  animationIterationCount: 1,\n  borderImageOutset: 1,\n  borderImageSlice: 1,\n  borderImageWidth: 1,\n  boxFlex: 1,\n  boxFlexGroup: 1,\n  boxOrdinalGroup: 1,\n  columnCount: 1,\n  columns: 1,\n  flex: 1,\n  flexGrow: 1,\n  flexPositive: 1,\n  flexShrink: 1,\n  flexNegative: 1,\n  flexOrder: 1,\n  gridRow: 1,\n  gridRowEnd: 1,\n  gridRowSpan: 1,\n  gridRowStart: 1,\n  gridColumn: 1,\n  gridColumnEnd: 1,\n  gridColumnSpan: 1,\n  gridColumnStart: 1,\n  msGridRow: 1,\n  msGridRowSpan: 1,\n  msGridColumn: 1,\n  msGridColumnSpan: 1,\n  fontWeight: 1,\n  lineHeight: 1,\n  opacity: 1,\n  order: 1,\n  orphans: 1,\n  tabSize: 1,\n  widows: 1,\n  zIndex: 1,\n  zoom: 1,\n  WebkitLineClamp: 1,\n  // SVG-related properties\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  floodOpacity: 1,\n  stopOpacity: 1,\n  strokeDasharray: 1,\n  strokeDashoffset: 1,\n  strokeMiterlimit: 1,\n  strokeOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nexport default unitlessKeys;","function memoize(fn) {\n  var cache = Object.create(null);\n  return function (arg) {\n    if (cache[arg] === undefined) cache[arg] = fn(arg);\n    return cache[arg];\n  };\n}\nexport default memoize;","import memoize from '@emotion/memoize';\nvar reactPropsRegex = /^((children|dangerouslySetInnerHTML|key|ref|autoFocus|defaultValue|defaultChecked|innerHTML|suppressContentEditableWarning|suppressHydrationWarning|valueLink|abbr|accept|acceptCharset|accessKey|action|allow|allowUserMedia|allowPaymentRequest|allowFullScreen|allowTransparency|alt|async|autoComplete|autoPlay|capture|cellPadding|cellSpacing|challenge|charSet|checked|cite|classID|className|cols|colSpan|content|contentEditable|contextMenu|controls|controlsList|coords|crossOrigin|data|dateTime|decoding|default|defer|dir|disabled|disablePictureInPicture|download|draggable|encType|enterKeyHint|form|formAction|formEncType|formMethod|formNoValidate|formTarget|frameBorder|headers|height|hidden|high|href|hrefLang|htmlFor|httpEquiv|id|inputMode|integrity|is|keyParams|keyType|kind|label|lang|list|loading|loop|low|marginHeight|marginWidth|max|maxLength|media|mediaGroup|method|min|minLength|multiple|muted|name|nonce|noValidate|open|optimum|pattern|placeholder|playsInline|poster|preload|profile|radioGroup|readOnly|referrerPolicy|rel|required|reversed|role|rows|rowSpan|sandbox|scope|scoped|scrolling|seamless|selected|shape|size|sizes|slot|span|spellCheck|src|srcDoc|srcLang|srcSet|start|step|style|summary|tabIndex|target|title|translate|type|useMap|value|width|wmode|wrap|about|datatype|inlist|prefix|property|resource|typeof|vocab|autoCapitalize|autoCorrect|autoSave|color|incremental|fallback|inert|itemProp|itemScope|itemType|itemID|itemRef|on|option|results|security|unselectable|accentHeight|accumulate|additive|alignmentBaseline|allowReorder|alphabetic|amplitude|arabicForm|ascent|attributeName|attributeType|autoReverse|azimuth|baseFrequency|baselineShift|baseProfile|bbox|begin|bias|by|calcMode|capHeight|clip|clipPathUnits|clipPath|clipRule|colorInterpolation|colorInterpolationFilters|colorProfile|colorRendering|contentScriptType|contentStyleType|cursor|cx|cy|d|decelerate|descent|diffuseConstant|direction|display|divisor|dominantBaseline|dur|dx|dy|edgeMode|elevation|enableBackground|end|exponent|externalResourcesRequired|fill|fillOpacity|fillRule|filter|filterRes|filterUnits|floodColor|floodOpacity|focusable|fontFamily|fontSize|fontSizeAdjust|fontStretch|fontStyle|fontVariant|fontWeight|format|from|fr|fx|fy|g1|g2|glyphName|glyphOrientationHorizontal|glyphOrientationVertical|glyphRef|gradientTransform|gradientUnits|hanging|horizAdvX|horizOriginX|ideographic|imageRendering|in|in2|intercept|k|k1|k2|k3|k4|kernelMatrix|kernelUnitLength|kerning|keyPoints|keySplines|keyTimes|lengthAdjust|letterSpacing|lightingColor|limitingConeAngle|local|markerEnd|markerMid|markerStart|markerHeight|markerUnits|markerWidth|mask|maskContentUnits|maskUnits|mathematical|mode|numOctaves|offset|opacity|operator|order|orient|orientation|origin|overflow|overlinePosition|overlineThickness|panose1|paintOrder|pathLength|patternContentUnits|patternTransform|patternUnits|pointerEvents|points|pointsAtX|pointsAtY|pointsAtZ|preserveAlpha|preserveAspectRatio|primitiveUnits|r|radius|refX|refY|renderingIntent|repeatCount|repeatDur|requiredExtensions|requiredFeatures|restart|result|rotate|rx|ry|scale|seed|shapeRendering|slope|spacing|specularConstant|specularExponent|speed|spreadMethod|startOffset|stdDeviation|stemh|stemv|stitchTiles|stopColor|stopOpacity|strikethroughPosition|strikethroughThickness|string|stroke|strokeDasharray|strokeDashoffset|strokeLinecap|strokeLinejoin|strokeMiterlimit|strokeOpacity|strokeWidth|surfaceScale|systemLanguage|tableValues|targetX|targetY|textAnchor|textDecoration|textRendering|textLength|to|transform|u1|u2|underlinePosition|underlineThickness|unicode|unicodeBidi|unicodeRange|unitsPerEm|vAlphabetic|vHanging|vIdeographic|vMathematical|values|vectorEffect|version|vertAdvY|vertOriginX|vertOriginY|viewBox|viewTarget|visibility|widths|wordSpacing|writingMode|x|xHeight|x1|x2|xChannelSelector|xlinkActuate|xlinkArcrole|xlinkHref|xlinkRole|xlinkShow|xlinkTitle|xlinkType|xmlBase|xmlns|xmlnsXlink|xmlLang|xmlSpace|y|y1|y2|yChannelSelector|z|zoomAndPan|for|class|autofocus)|(([Dd][Aa][Tt][Aa]|[Aa][Rr][Ii][Aa]|x)-.*))$/; // https://esbench.com/bench/5bfee68a4cd7e6009ef61d23\n\nvar isPropValid = /* #__PURE__ */memoize(function (prop) {\n  return reactPropsRegex.test(prop) || prop.charCodeAt(0) === 111\n  /* o */ && prop.charCodeAt(1) === 110\n  /* n */ && prop.charCodeAt(2) < 91;\n}\n/* Z+1 */);\n\nexport default isPropValid;","import { typeOf as e, isElement as t, isValidElementType as n } from \"react-is\";\nimport r, { useState as o, useContext as s, useMemo as i, useEffect as a, useRef as c, createElement as u, useDebugValue as l, useLayoutEffect as d } from \"react\";\nimport h from \"shallowequal\";\nimport p from \"@emotion/stylis\";\nimport f from \"@emotion/unitless\";\nimport m from \"@emotion/is-prop-valid\";\nimport y from \"hoist-non-react-statics\";\nfunction v() {\n  return (v = Object.assign || function (e) {\n    for (var t = 1; t < arguments.length; t++) {\n      var n = arguments[t];\n      for (var r in n) {\n        Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n, r) && (e[r] = n[r]);\n      }\n    }\n    return e;\n  }).apply(this, arguments);\n}\nvar g = function g(e, t) {\n    for (var n = [e[0]], r = 0, o = t.length; r < o; r += 1) {\n      n.push(t[r], e[r + 1]);\n    }\n    return n;\n  },\n  S = function S(t) {\n    return null !== t && \"object\" == typeof t && \"[object Object]\" === (t.toString ? t.toString() : Object.prototype.toString.call(t)) && !e(t);\n  },\n  w = Object.freeze([]),\n  E = Object.freeze({});\nfunction b(e) {\n  return \"function\" == typeof e;\n}\nfunction _(e) {\n  return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"string\" == typeof e && e || e.displayName || e.name || \"Component\";\n}\nfunction N(e) {\n  return e && \"string\" == typeof e.styledComponentId;\n}\nvar A = \"undefined\" != typeof process && (process.env.REACT_APP_SC_ATTR || process.env.SC_ATTR) || \"data-styled\",\n  C = \"5.3.6\",\n  I = \"undefined\" != typeof window && \"HTMLElement\" in window,\n  P = Boolean(\"boolean\" == typeof SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"undefined\" != typeof process && void 0 !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && \"\" !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? \"false\" !== process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && process.env.REACT_APP_SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"undefined\" != typeof process && void 0 !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && \"\" !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY ? \"false\" !== process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY && process.env.SC_DISABLE_SPEEDY : \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV),\n  O = {},\n  R = \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? {\n    1: \"Cannot create styled-component for component: %s.\\n\\n\",\n    2: \"Can't collect styles once you've consumed a `ServerStyleSheet`'s styles! `ServerStyleSheet` is a one off instance for each server-side render cycle.\\n\\n- Are you trying to reuse it across renders?\\n- Are you accidentally calling collectStyles twice?\\n\\n\",\n    3: \"Streaming SSR is only supported in a Node.js environment; Please do not try to call this method in the browser.\\n\\n\",\n    4: \"The `StyleSheetManager` expects a valid target or sheet prop!\\n\\n- Does this error occur on the client and is your target falsy?\\n- Does this error occur on the server and is the sheet falsy?\\n\\n\",\n    5: \"The clone method cannot be used on the client!\\n\\n- Are you running in a client-like environment on the server?\\n- Are you trying to run SSR on the client?\\n\\n\",\n    6: \"Trying to insert a new style tag, but the given Node is unmounted!\\n\\n- Are you using a custom target that isn't mounted?\\n- Does your document not have a valid head element?\\n- Have you accidentally removed a style tag manually?\\n\\n\",\n    7: 'ThemeProvider: Please return an object from your \"theme\" prop function, e.g.\\n\\n```js\\ntheme={() => ({})}\\n```\\n\\n',\n    8: 'ThemeProvider: Please make your \"theme\" prop an object.\\n\\n',\n    9: \"Missing document `<head>`\\n\\n\",\n    10: \"Cannot find a StyleSheet instance. Usually this happens if there are multiple copies of styled-components loaded at once. Check out this issue for how to troubleshoot and fix the common cases where this situation can happen: https://github.com/styled-components/styled-components/issues/1941#issuecomment-417862021\\n\\n\",\n    11: \"_This error was replaced with a dev-time warning, it will be deleted for v4 final._ [createGlobalStyle] received children which will not be rendered. Please use the component without passing children elements.\\n\\n\",\n    12: \"It seems you are interpolating a keyframe declaration (%s) into an untagged string. This was supported in styled-components v3, but is not longer supported in v4 as keyframes are now injected on-demand. Please wrap your string in the css\\\\`\\\\` helper which ensures the styles are injected correctly. See https://www.styled-components.com/docs/api#css\\n\\n\",\n    13: \"%s is not a styled component and cannot be referred to via component selector. See https://www.styled-components.com/docs/advanced#referring-to-other-components for more details.\\n\\n\",\n    14: 'ThemeProvider: \"theme\" prop is required.\\n\\n',\n    15: \"A stylis plugin has been supplied that is not named. We need a name for each plugin to be able to prevent styling collisions between different stylis configurations within the same app. Before you pass your plugin to `<StyleSheetManager stylisPlugins={[]}>`, please make sure each plugin is uniquely-named, e.g.\\n\\n```js\\nObject.defineProperty(importedPlugin, 'name', { value: 'some-unique-name' });\\n```\\n\\n\",\n    16: \"Reached the limit of how many styled components may be created at group %s.\\nYou may only create up to 1,073,741,824 components. 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Array.prototype.concat(e.attrs, c).filter(Boolean) : c,\n    A = t.shouldForwardProp;\n  o && e.shouldForwardProp && (A = t.shouldForwardProp ? function (n, r, o) {\n    return e.shouldForwardProp(n, r, o) && t.shouldForwardProp(n, r, o);\n  } : e.shouldForwardProp);\n  var C,\n    I = new se(n, g, o ? e.componentStyle : void 0),\n    P = I.isStatic && 0 === c.length,\n    O = function O(e, t) {\n      return function (e, t, n, r) {\n        var o = e.attrs,\n          i = e.componentStyle,\n          a = e.defaultProps,\n          c = e.foldedComponentIds,\n          d = e.shouldForwardProp,\n          h = e.styledComponentId,\n          p = e.target;\n        \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && l(h);\n        var f = function (e, t, n) {\n            void 0 === e && (e = E);\n            var r = v({}, t, {\n                theme: e\n              }),\n              o = {};\n            return n.forEach(function (e) {\n              var t,\n                n,\n                s,\n                i = e;\n              for (t in b(i) && (i = i(r)), i) {\n                r[t] = o[t] = \"className\" === t ? (n = o[t], s = i[t], n && s ? n + \" \" + s : n || s) : i[t];\n              }\n            }), [r, o];\n          }(Re(t, s(Ge), a) || E, t, o),\n          y = f[0],\n          g = f[1],\n          S = function (e, t, n, r) {\n            var o = fe(),\n              s = me(),\n              i = t ? e.generateAndInjectStyles(E, o, s) : e.generateAndInjectStyles(n, o, s);\n            return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && l(i), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && !t && r && r(i), i;\n          }(i, r, y, \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? e.warnTooManyClasses : void 0),\n          w = n,\n          _ = g.$as || t.$as || g.as || t.as || p,\n          N = ke(_),\n          A = g !== t ? v({}, t, {}, g) : t,\n          C = {};\n        for (var I in A) {\n          \"$\" !== I[0] && \"as\" !== I && (\"forwardedAs\" === I ? C.as = A[I] : (d ? d(I, m, _) : !N || m(I)) && (C[I] = A[I]));\n        }\n        return t.style && g.style !== t.style && (C.style = v({}, t.style, {}, g.style)), C.className = Array.prototype.concat(c, h, S !== h ? S : null, t.className, g.className).filter(Boolean).join(\" \"), C.ref = w, u(_, C);\n      }(C, e, t, P);\n    };\n  return O.displayName = f, (C = r.forwardRef(O)).attrs = S, C.componentStyle = I, C.displayName = f, C.shouldForwardProp = A, C.foldedComponentIds = o ? Array.prototype.concat(e.foldedComponentIds, e.styledComponentId) : w, C.styledComponentId = g, C.target = o ? e.target : e, C.withComponent = function (e) {\n    var r = t.componentId,\n      o = function (e, t) {\n        if (null == e) return {};\n        var n,\n          r,\n          o = {},\n          s = Object.keys(e);\n        for (r = 0; r < s.length; r++) {\n          n = s[r], t.indexOf(n) >= 0 || (o[n] = e[n]);\n        }\n        return o;\n      }(t, [\"componentId\"]),\n      s = r && r + \"-\" + (ke(e) ? e : Te(_(e)));\n    return qe(e, v({}, o, {\n      attrs: S,\n      componentId: s\n    }), n);\n  }, Object.defineProperty(C, \"defaultProps\", {\n    get: function get() {\n      return this._foldedDefaultProps;\n    },\n    set: function set(t) {\n      this._foldedDefaultProps = o ? Me({}, e.defaultProps, t) : t;\n    }\n  }), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && (Oe(f, g), C.warnTooManyClasses = function (e, t) {\n    var n = {},\n      r = !1;\n    return function (o) {\n      if (!r && (n[o] = !0, Object.keys(n).length >= 200)) {\n        var s = t ? ' with the id of \"' + t + '\"' : \"\";\n        console.warn(\"Over 200 classes were generated for component \" + e + s + \".\\nConsider using the attrs method, together with a style object for frequently changed styles.\\nExample:\\n  const Component = styled.div.attrs(props => ({\\n    style: {\\n      background: props.background,\\n    },\\n  }))`width: 100%;`\\n\\n  <Component />\"), r = !0, n = {};\n      }\n    };\n  }(f, g)), C.toString = function () {\n    return \".\" + C.styledComponentId;\n  }, i && y(C, e, {\n    attrs: !0,\n    componentStyle: !0,\n    displayName: !0,\n    foldedComponentIds: !0,\n    shouldForwardProp: !0,\n    styledComponentId: !0,\n    target: !0,\n    withComponent: !0\n  }), C;\n}\nvar He = function He(e) {\n  return function e(t, r, o) {\n    if (void 0 === o && (o = E), !n(r)) return j(1, String(r));\n    var s = function s() {\n      return t(r, o, Ce.apply(void 0, arguments));\n    };\n    return s.withConfig = function (n) {\n      return e(t, r, v({}, o, {}, n));\n    }, s.attrs = function (n) {\n      return e(t, r, v({}, o, {\n        attrs: Array.prototype.concat(o.attrs, n).filter(Boolean)\n      }));\n    }, s;\n  }(qe, e);\n};\n[\"a\", \"abbr\", \"address\", \"area\", \"article\", \"aside\", \"audio\", \"b\", \"base\", \"bdi\", \"bdo\", \"big\", \"blockquote\", \"body\", \"br\", \"button\", \"canvas\", \"caption\", \"cite\", \"code\", \"col\", \"colgroup\", \"data\", \"datalist\", \"dd\", \"del\", \"details\", \"dfn\", \"dialog\", \"div\", \"dl\", \"dt\", \"em\", \"embed\", \"fieldset\", \"figcaption\", \"figure\", \"footer\", \"form\", \"h1\", \"h2\", \"h3\", \"h4\", \"h5\", \"h6\", \"head\", \"header\", \"hgroup\", \"hr\", \"html\", \"i\", \"iframe\", \"img\", \"input\", \"ins\", \"kbd\", \"keygen\", \"label\", \"legend\", \"li\", \"link\", \"main\", \"map\", \"mark\", \"marquee\", \"menu\", \"menuitem\", \"meta\", \"meter\", \"nav\", \"noscript\", \"object\", \"ol\", \"optgroup\", \"option\", \"output\", \"p\", \"param\", \"picture\", \"pre\", \"progress\", \"q\", \"rp\", \"rt\", \"ruby\", \"s\", \"samp\", \"script\", \"section\", \"select\", \"small\", \"source\", \"span\", \"strong\", \"style\", \"sub\", \"summary\", \"sup\", \"table\", \"tbody\", \"td\", \"textarea\", \"tfoot\", \"th\", \"thead\", \"time\", \"title\", \"tr\", \"track\", \"u\", \"ul\", \"var\", \"video\", \"wbr\", \"circle\", \"clipPath\", \"defs\", \"ellipse\", \"foreignObject\", \"g\", \"image\", \"line\", \"linearGradient\", \"marker\", \"mask\", \"path\", \"pattern\", \"polygon\", \"polyline\", \"radialGradient\", \"rect\", \"stop\", \"svg\", \"text\", \"textPath\", \"tspan\"].forEach(function (e) {\n  He[e] = He(e);\n});\nvar $e = function () {\n  function e(e, t) {\n    this.rules = e, this.componentId = t, this.isStatic = re(e), Z.registerId(this.componentId + 1);\n  }\n  var t = e.prototype;\n  return t.createStyles = function (e, t, n, r) {\n    var o = r(Ne(this.rules, t, n, r).join(\"\"), \"\"),\n      s = this.componentId + e;\n    n.insertRules(s, s, o);\n  }, t.removeStyles = function (e, t) {\n    t.clearRules(this.componentId + e);\n  }, t.renderStyles = function (e, t, n, r) {\n    e > 2 && Z.registerId(this.componentId + e), this.removeStyles(e, n), this.createStyles(e, t, n, r);\n  }, e;\n}();\nfunction We(e) {\n  for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t > 1 ? t - 1 : 0), o = 1; o < t; o++) {\n    n[o - 1] = arguments[o];\n  }\n  var i = Ce.apply(void 0, [e].concat(n)),\n    a = \"sc-global-\" + xe(JSON.stringify(i)),\n    u = new $e(i, a);\n  function l(e) {\n    var t = fe(),\n      n = me(),\n      o = s(Ge),\n      l = c(t.allocateGSInstance(a)).current;\n    return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && r.Children.count(e.children) && console.warn(\"The global style component \" + a + \" was given child JSX. createGlobalStyle does not render children.\"), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && i.some(function (e) {\n      return \"string\" == typeof e && -1 !== e.indexOf(\"@import\");\n    }) && console.warn(\"Please do not use @import CSS syntax in createGlobalStyle at this time, as the CSSOM APIs we use in production do not handle it well. Instead, we recommend using a library such as react-helmet to inject a typical <link> meta tag to the stylesheet, or simply embedding it manually in your index.html <head> section for a simpler app.\"), t.server && h(l, e, t, o, n), d(function () {\n      if (!t.server) return h(l, e, t, o, n), function () {\n        return u.removeStyles(l, t);\n      };\n    }, [l, e, t, o, n]), null;\n  }\n  function h(e, t, n, r, o) {\n    if (u.isStatic) u.renderStyles(e, O, n, o);else {\n      var s = v({}, t, {\n        theme: Re(t, r, l.defaultProps)\n      });\n      u.renderStyles(e, s, n, o);\n    }\n  }\n  return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && Oe(a), r.memo(l);\n}\nfunction Ue(e) {\n  \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof navigator && \"ReactNative\" === navigator.product && console.warn(\"`keyframes` cannot be used on ReactNative, only on the web. To do animation in ReactNative please use Animated.\");\n  for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t > 1 ? t - 1 : 0), r = 1; r < t; r++) {\n    n[r - 1] = arguments[r];\n  }\n  var o = Ce.apply(void 0, [e].concat(n)).join(\"\"),\n    s = xe(o);\n  return new ve(s, o);\n}\nvar Je = function () {\n    function e() {\n      var e = this;\n      this._emitSheetCSS = function () {\n        var t = e.instance.toString();\n        if (!t) return \"\";\n        var n = q();\n        return \"<style \" + [n && 'nonce=\"' + n + '\"', A + '=\"true\"', 'data-styled-version=\"5.3.6\"'].filter(Boolean).join(\" \") + \">\" + t + \"</style>\";\n      }, this.getStyleTags = function () {\n        return e.sealed ? j(2) : e._emitSheetCSS();\n      }, this.getStyleElement = function () {\n        var t;\n        if (e.sealed) return j(2);\n        var n = ((t = {})[A] = \"\", t[\"data-styled-version\"] = \"5.3.6\", t.dangerouslySetInnerHTML = {\n            __html: e.instance.toString()\n          }, t),\n          o = q();\n        return o && (n.nonce = o), [r.createElement(\"style\", v({}, n, {\n          key: \"sc-0-0\"\n        }))];\n      }, this.seal = function () {\n        e.sealed = !0;\n      }, this.instance = new Z({\n        isServer: !0\n      }), this.sealed = !1;\n    }\n    var t = e.prototype;\n    return t.collectStyles = function (e) {\n      return this.sealed ? j(2) : r.createElement(ye, {\n        sheet: this.instance\n      }, e);\n    }, t.interleaveWithNodeStream = function (e) {\n      return j(3);\n    }, e;\n  }(),\n  Xe = function Xe(e) {\n    var t = r.forwardRef(function (t, n) {\n      var o = s(Ge),\n        i = e.defaultProps,\n        a = Re(t, o, i);\n      return \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && void 0 === a && console.warn('[withTheme] You are not using a ThemeProvider nor passing a theme prop or a theme in defaultProps in component class \"' + _(e) + '\"'), r.createElement(e, v({}, t, {\n        theme: a,\n        ref: n\n      }));\n    });\n    return y(t, e), t.displayName = \"WithTheme(\" + _(e) + \")\", t;\n  },\n  Ze = function Ze() {\n    return s(Ge);\n  },\n  Ke = {\n    StyleSheet: Z,\n    masterSheet: he\n  };\n\"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof navigator && \"ReactNative\" === navigator.product && console.warn(\"It looks like you've imported 'styled-components' on React Native.\\nPerhaps you're looking to import 'styled-components/native'?\\nRead more about this at https://www.styled-components.com/docs/basics#react-native\"), \"production\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"test\" !== process.env.NODE_ENV && \"undefined\" != typeof window && (window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] = window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] || 0, 1 === window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] && console.warn(\"It looks like there are several instances of 'styled-components' initialized in this application. This may cause dynamic styles to not render properly, errors during the rehydration process, a missing theme prop, and makes your application bigger without good reason.\\n\\nSee https://s-c.sh/2BAXzed for more info.\"), window[\"__styled-components-init__\"] += 1);\nexport default He;\nexport { Je as ServerStyleSheet, le as StyleSheetConsumer, ue as StyleSheetContext, ye as StyleSheetManager, Le as ThemeConsumer, Ge as ThemeContext, Fe as ThemeProvider, Ke as __PRIVATE__, We as createGlobalStyle, Ce as css, N as isStyledComponent, Ue as keyframes, Ze as useTheme, C as version, Xe as withTheme };","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _tmcClient = require('./tmc-client');\nvar _tmcClient2 = _interopRequireDefault(_tmcClient);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\ntry {\n  /* eslint-disable global-require */\n  require('fetch-polyfill');\n  require('babel-polyfill');\n  /* eslint-enable global-require */\n} catch (e) {}\nexports.default = _tmcClient2.default;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nvar _api = require('./utils/api');\nvar _api2 = _interopRequireDefault(_api);\nvar _userStore = require('./utils/user-store');\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nvar TmcClient = function () {\n  function TmcClient(clientId, clientSecret) {\n    var oAuthSite = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 'https://tmc.mooc.fi';\n    _classCallCheck(this, TmcClient);\n    this.clientId = clientId;\n    this.clientSecret = clientSecret;\n    this.api = new _api2.default(oAuthSite);\n  }\n  _createClass(TmcClient, [{\n    key: 'authenticate',\n    value: function authenticate(_ref) {\n      var _this = this;\n      var username = _ref.username;\n      var password = _ref.password;\n      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n        var body = ['client_id=' + _this.clientId, 'client_secret=' + _this.clientSecret, 'username=' + encodeURIComponent(username), 'password=' + encodeURIComponent(password), 'grant_type=password'].join('&');\n        var options = {\n          headers: {\n            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n          },\n          body: body\n        };\n        _this.api.post('/oauth/token', options).then(function (response) {\n          return response.json();\n        }).then(function (response) {\n          var user = {\n            username: username,\n            accessToken: response.access_token\n          };\n          if (username.indexOf('@') !== -1) {\n            _this.api.get('/api/v8/users/current', {\n              accessToken: response.access_token\n            }).then(function (res) {\n              return res.json();\n            }).then(function (details) {\n              user.username = details.username;\n              (0, _userStore.setUser)(user);\n              resolve(user);\n            });\n          } else {\n            (0, _userStore.setUser)(user);\n            resolve(user);\n          }\n        }).catch(reject);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'unauthenticate',\n    value: function unauthenticate() {\n      (0, _userStore.removeUser)();\n      return this;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'getUser',\n    value: function getUser() {\n      return (0, _userStore.getUser)();\n    }\n  }]);\n  return TmcClient;\n}();\nexports.default = TmcClient;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nvar _createClass = function () {\n  function defineProperties(target, props) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n      var descriptor = props[i];\n      descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n      descriptor.configurable = true;\n      if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n      Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n    }\n  }\n  return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n    if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n    if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n    return Constructor;\n  };\n}();\nvar _userStore = require('./user-store');\nvar _fetchPonyfill2 = require('fetch-ponyfill');\nvar _fetchPonyfill3 = _interopRequireDefault(_fetchPonyfill2);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nvar _fetchPonyfill = (0, _fetchPonyfill3.default)();\nvar fetch = _fetchPonyfill.fetch;\nvar Request = _fetchPonyfill.Request;\nvar Api = function () {\n  function Api(oAuthSite) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Api);\n    this.oauthSite = oAuthSite;\n  }\n  _createClass(Api, [{\n    key: 'request',\n    value: function request(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      var headers = options.headers || {};\n      var user = (0, _userStore.getUser)();\n      if (user && user.accessToken || options.accessToken) {\n        var token = void 0;\n        if (user && user.accessToken) {\n          token = user.accessToken;\n        } else {\n          token = options.accessToken;\n        }\n        headers = Object.assign({\n          authorization: 'Bearer ' + token,\n          'Content-Type': 'application/json'\n        }, headers);\n      }\n      return fetch(new Request('' + this.oauthSite + path, Object.assign({\n        mode: 'cors'\n      }, options, {\n        headers: headers\n      }))).then(function (response) {\n        return response.ok ? Promise.resolve(response) : Promise.reject(response);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'post',\n    value: function post(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      return this.request(path, Object.assign({}, options, {\n        method: 'POST'\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: 'get',\n    value: function get(path) {\n      var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n      return this.request(path, Object.assign({}, options, {\n        method: 'GET'\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Api;\n}();\nexports.default = Api;\nmodule.exports = exports['default'];","'use strict';\n\nObject.defineProperty(exports, \"__esModule\", {\n  value: true\n});\nexports.getUser = getUser;\nexports.setUser = setUser;\nexports.removeUser = removeUser;\nvar _store = require('store');\nvar _store2 = _interopRequireDefault(_store);\nfunction _interopRequireDefault(obj) {\n  return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : {\n    default: obj\n  };\n}\nfunction getUser() {\n  return _store2.default.get('tmc.user');\n}\nfunction setUser(user) {\n  _store2.default.set('tmc.user', user);\n}\nfunction removeUser() {\n  _store2.default.remove('tmc.user');\n}","(function (self) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  function fetchPonyfill(options) {\n    var Promise = options && options.Promise || self.Promise;\n    var XMLHttpRequest = options && options.XMLHttpRequest || self.XMLHttpRequest;\n    var global = self;\n    return function () {\n      var self = Object.create(global, {\n        fetch: {\n          value: undefined,\n          writable: true\n        }\n      });\n      (function (self) {\n        'use strict';\n\n        if (self.fetch) {\n          return;\n        }\n        var support = {\n          searchParams: 'URLSearchParams' in self,\n          iterable: 'Symbol' in self && 'iterator' in Symbol,\n          blob: 'FileReader' in self && 'Blob' in self && function () {\n            try {\n              new Blob();\n              return true;\n            } catch (e) {\n              return false;\n            }\n          }(),\n          formData: 'FormData' in self,\n          arrayBuffer: 'ArrayBuffer' in self\n        };\n        if (support.arrayBuffer) {\n          var viewClasses = ['[object Int8Array]', '[object Uint8Array]', '[object Uint8ClampedArray]', '[object Int16Array]', '[object Uint16Array]', '[object Int32Array]', '[object Uint32Array]', '[object Float32Array]', '[object Float64Array]'];\n          var isDataView = function isDataView(obj) {\n            return obj && DataView.prototype.isPrototypeOf(obj);\n          };\n          var isArrayBufferView = ArrayBuffer.isView || function (obj) {\n            return obj && viewClasses.indexOf(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)) > -1;\n          };\n        }\n        function normalizeName(name) {\n          if (typeof name !== 'string') {\n            name = String(name);\n          }\n          if (/[^a-z0-9\\-#$%&'*+.\\^_`|~]/i.test(name)) {\n            throw new TypeError('Invalid character in header field name');\n          }\n          return name.toLowerCase();\n        }\n        function normalizeValue(value) {\n          if (typeof value !== 'string') {\n            value = String(value);\n          }\n          return value;\n        }\n\n        // Build a destructive iterator for the value list\n        function iteratorFor(items) {\n          var iterator = {\n            next: function next() {\n              var value = items.shift();\n              return {\n                done: value === undefined,\n                value: value\n              };\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.iterable) {\n            iterator[Symbol.iterator] = function () {\n              return iterator;\n            };\n          }\n          return iterator;\n        }\n        function Headers(headers) {\n          this.map = {};\n          if (headers instanceof Headers) {\n            headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              this.append(name, value);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (Array.isArray(headers)) {\n            headers.forEach(function (header) {\n              this.append(header[0], header[1]);\n            }, this);\n          } else if (headers) {\n            Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function (name) {\n              this.append(name, headers[name]);\n            }, this);\n          }\n        }\n        Headers.prototype.append = function (name, value) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          value = normalizeValue(value);\n          var oldValue = this.map[name];\n          this.map[name] = oldValue ? oldValue + ',' + value : value;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype['delete'] = function (name) {\n          delete this.map[normalizeName(name)];\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.get = function (name) {\n          name = normalizeName(name);\n          return this.has(name) ? this.map[name] : null;\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.has = function (name) {\n          return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name));\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.set = function (name, value) {\n          this.map[normalizeName(name)] = normalizeValue(value);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.forEach = function (callback, thisArg) {\n          for (var name in this.map) {\n            if (this.map.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\n              callback.call(thisArg, this.map[name], name, this);\n            }\n          }\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.keys = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push(name);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.values = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value) {\n            items.push(value);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        Headers.prototype.entries = function () {\n          var items = [];\n          this.forEach(function (value, name) {\n            items.push([name, value]);\n          });\n          return iteratorFor(items);\n        };\n        if (support.iterable) {\n          Headers.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Headers.prototype.entries;\n        }\n        function consumed(body) {\n          if (body.bodyUsed) {\n            return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Already read'));\n          }\n          body.bodyUsed = true;\n        }\n        function fileReaderReady(reader) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            reader.onload = function () {\n              resolve(reader.result);\n            };\n            reader.onerror = function () {\n              reject(reader.error);\n            };\n          });\n        }\n        function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readBlobAsText(blob) {\n          var reader = new FileReader();\n          var promise = fileReaderReady(reader);\n          reader.readAsText(blob);\n          return promise;\n        }\n        function readArrayBufferAsText(buf) {\n          var view = new Uint8Array(buf);\n          var chars = new Array(view.length);\n          for (var i = 0; i < view.length; i++) {\n            chars[i] = String.fromCharCode(view[i]);\n          }\n          return chars.join('');\n        }\n        function bufferClone(buf) {\n          if (buf.slice) {\n            return buf.slice(0);\n          } else {\n            var view = new Uint8Array(buf.byteLength);\n            view.set(new Uint8Array(buf));\n            return view.buffer;\n          }\n        }\n        function Body() {\n          this.bodyUsed = false;\n          this._initBody = function (body) {\n            this._bodyInit = body;\n            if (!body) {\n              this._bodyText = '';\n            } else if (typeof body === 'string') {\n              this._bodyText = body;\n            } else if (support.blob && Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyBlob = body;\n            } else if (support.formData && FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyFormData = body;\n            } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n              this._bodyText = body.toString();\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && support.blob && isDataView(body)) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body.buffer);\n              // IE 10-11 can't handle a DataView body.\n              this._bodyInit = new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]);\n            } else if (support.arrayBuffer && (ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body) || isArrayBufferView(body))) {\n              this._bodyArrayBuffer = bufferClone(body);\n            } else {\n              throw new Error('unsupported BodyInit type');\n            }\n            if (!this.headers.get('content-type')) {\n              if (typeof body === 'string') {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8');\n              } else if (this._bodyBlob && this._bodyBlob.type) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', this._bodyBlob.type);\n              } else if (support.searchParams && URLSearchParams.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)) {\n                this.headers.set('content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8');\n              }\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.blob) {\n            this.blob = function () {\n              var rejected = consumed(this);\n              if (rejected) {\n                return rejected;\n              }\n              if (this._bodyBlob) {\n                return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob);\n              } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyArrayBuffer]));\n              } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n                throw new Error('could not read FormData body as blob');\n              } else {\n                return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]));\n              }\n            };\n            this.arrayBuffer = function () {\n              if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n                return consumed(this) || Promise.resolve(this._bodyArrayBuffer);\n              } else {\n                return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer);\n              }\n            };\n          }\n          this.text = function () {\n            var rejected = consumed(this);\n            if (rejected) {\n              return rejected;\n            }\n            if (this._bodyBlob) {\n              return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob);\n            } else if (this._bodyArrayBuffer) {\n              return Promise.resolve(readArrayBufferAsText(this._bodyArrayBuffer));\n            } else if (this._bodyFormData) {\n              throw new Error('could not read FormData body as text');\n            } else {\n              return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText);\n            }\n          };\n          if (support.formData) {\n            this.formData = function () {\n              return this.text().then(decode);\n            };\n          }\n          this.json = function () {\n            return this.text().then(JSON.parse);\n          };\n          return this;\n        }\n\n        // HTTP methods whose capitalization should be normalized\n        var methods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'POST', 'PUT'];\n        function normalizeMethod(method) {\n          var upcased = method.toUpperCase();\n          return methods.indexOf(upcased) > -1 ? upcased : method;\n        }\n        function Request(input, options) {\n          options = options || {};\n          var body = options.body;\n          if (input instanceof Request) {\n            if (input.bodyUsed) {\n              throw new TypeError('Already read');\n            }\n            this.url = input.url;\n            this.credentials = input.credentials;\n            if (!options.headers) {\n              this.headers = new Headers(input.headers);\n            }\n            this.method = input.method;\n            this.mode = input.mode;\n            if (!body && input._bodyInit != null) {\n              body = input._bodyInit;\n              input.bodyUsed = true;\n            }\n          } else {\n            this.url = String(input);\n          }\n          this.credentials = options.credentials || this.credentials || 'omit';\n          if (options.headers || !this.headers) {\n            this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          }\n          this.method = normalizeMethod(options.method || this.method || 'GET');\n          this.mode = options.mode || this.mode || null;\n          this.referrer = null;\n          if ((this.method === 'GET' || this.method === 'HEAD') && body) {\n            throw new TypeError('Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests');\n          }\n          this._initBody(body);\n        }\n        Request.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Request(this, {\n            body: this._bodyInit\n          });\n        };\n        function decode(body) {\n          var form = new FormData();\n          body.trim().split('&').forEach(function (bytes) {\n            if (bytes) {\n              var split = bytes.split('=');\n              var name = split.shift().replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              var value = split.join('=').replace(/\\+/g, ' ');\n              form.append(decodeURIComponent(name), decodeURIComponent(value));\n            }\n          });\n          return form;\n        }\n        function parseHeaders(rawHeaders) {\n          var headers = new Headers();\n          // Replace instances of \\r\\n and \\n followed by at least one space or horizontal tab with a space\n          // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2\n          var preProcessedHeaders = rawHeaders.replace(/\\r?\\n[\\t ]+/g, ' ');\n          preProcessedHeaders.split(/\\r?\\n/).forEach(function (line) {\n            var parts = line.split(':');\n            var key = parts.shift().trim();\n            if (key) {\n              var value = parts.join(':').trim();\n              headers.append(key, value);\n            }\n          });\n          return headers;\n        }\n        Body.call(Request.prototype);\n        function Response(bodyInit, options) {\n          if (!options) {\n            options = {};\n          }\n          this.type = 'default';\n          this.status = options.status === undefined ? 200 : options.status;\n          this.ok = this.status >= 200 && this.status < 300;\n          this.statusText = 'statusText' in options ? options.statusText : 'OK';\n          this.headers = new Headers(options.headers);\n          this.url = options.url || '';\n          this._initBody(bodyInit);\n        }\n        Body.call(Response.prototype);\n        Response.prototype.clone = function () {\n          return new Response(this._bodyInit, {\n            status: this.status,\n            statusText: this.statusText,\n            headers: new Headers(this.headers),\n            url: this.url\n          });\n        };\n        Response.error = function () {\n          var response = new Response(null, {\n            status: 0,\n            statusText: ''\n          });\n          response.type = 'error';\n          return response;\n        };\n        var redirectStatuses = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308];\n        Response.redirect = function (url, status) {\n          if (redirectStatuses.indexOf(status) === -1) {\n            throw new RangeError('Invalid status code');\n          }\n          return new Response(null, {\n            status: status,\n            headers: {\n              location: url\n            }\n          });\n        };\n        self.Headers = Headers;\n        self.Request = Request;\n        self.Response = Response;\n        self.fetch = function (input, init) {\n          return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {\n            var request = new Request(input, init);\n            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\n            xhr.onload = function () {\n              var options = {\n                status: xhr.status,\n                statusText: xhr.statusText,\n                headers: parseHeaders(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() || '')\n              };\n              options.url = 'responseURL' in xhr ? xhr.responseURL : options.headers.get('X-Request-URL');\n              var body = 'response' in xhr ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;\n              resolve(new Response(body, options));\n            };\n            xhr.onerror = function () {\n              reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n            };\n            xhr.ontimeout = function () {\n              reject(new TypeError('Network request failed'));\n            };\n            xhr.open(request.method, request.url, true);\n            if (request.credentials === 'include') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = true;\n            } else if (request.credentials === 'omit') {\n              xhr.withCredentials = false;\n            }\n            if ('responseType' in xhr && support.blob) {\n              xhr.responseType = 'blob';\n            }\n            request.headers.forEach(function (value, name) {\n              xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value);\n            });\n            xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit === 'undefined' ? null : request._bodyInit);\n          });\n        };\n        self.fetch.polyfill = true;\n      })(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : this);\n      return {\n        fetch: self.fetch,\n        Headers: self.Headers,\n        Request: self.Request,\n        Response: self.Response\n      };\n    }();\n  }\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    define(function () {\n      return fetchPonyfill;\n    });\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    module.exports = fetchPonyfill;\n  } else {\n    self.fetchPonyfill = fetchPonyfill;\n  }\n})(typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this);","\"use strict\"\n// Module export pattern from\n// https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js\n;\n\n(function (root, factory) {\n  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {\n    // AMD. Register as an anonymous module.\n    define([], factory);\n  } else if (typeof exports === 'object') {\n    // Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but\n    // only CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports,\n    // like Node.\n    module.exports = factory();\n  } else {\n    // Browser globals (root is window)\n    root.store = factory();\n  }\n})(this, function () {\n  // Store.js\n  var store = {},\n    win = typeof window != 'undefined' ? window : global,\n    doc = win.document,\n    localStorageName = 'localStorage',\n    scriptTag = 'script',\n    storage;\n  store.disabled = false;\n  store.version = '1.3.20';\n  store.set = function (key, value) {};\n  store.get = function (key, defaultVal) {};\n  store.has = function (key) {\n    return store.get(key) !== undefined;\n  };\n  store.remove = function (key) {};\n  store.clear = function () {};\n  store.transact = function (key, defaultVal, transactionFn) {\n    if (transactionFn == null) {\n      transactionFn = defaultVal;\n      defaultVal = null;\n    }\n    if (defaultVal == null) {\n      defaultVal = {};\n    }\n    var val = store.get(key, defaultVal);\n    transactionFn(val);\n    store.set(key, val);\n  };\n  store.getAll = function () {};\n  store.forEach = function () {};\n  store.serialize = function (value) {\n    return JSON.stringify(value);\n  };\n  store.deserialize = function (value) {\n    if (typeof value != 'string') {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    try {\n      return JSON.parse(value);\n    } catch (e) {\n      return value || undefined;\n    }\n  };\n\n  // Functions to encapsulate questionable FireFox 3.6.13 behavior\n  // when about.config::dom.storage.enabled === false\n  // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues#issue/13\n  function isLocalStorageNameSupported() {\n    try {\n      return localStorageName in win && win[localStorageName];\n    } catch (err) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  if (isLocalStorageNameSupported()) {\n    storage = win[localStorageName];\n    store.set = function (key, val) {\n      if (val === undefined) {\n        return store.remove(key);\n      }\n      storage.setItem(key, store.serialize(val));\n      return val;\n    };\n    store.get = function (key, defaultVal) {\n      var val = store.deserialize(storage.getItem(key));\n      return val === undefined ? defaultVal : val;\n    };\n    store.remove = function (key) {\n      storage.removeItem(key);\n    };\n    store.clear = function () {\n      storage.clear();\n    };\n    store.getAll = function () {\n      var ret = {};\n      store.forEach(function (key, val) {\n        ret[key] = val;\n      });\n      return ret;\n    };\n    store.forEach = function (callback) {\n      for (var i = 0; i < storage.length; i++) {\n        var key = storage.key(i);\n        callback(key, store.get(key));\n      }\n    };\n  } else if (doc && doc.documentElement.addBehavior) {\n    var storageOwner, storageContainer;\n    // Since #userData storage applies only to specific paths, we need to\n    // somehow link our data to a specific path.  We choose /favicon.ico\n    // as a pretty safe option, since all browsers already make a request to\n    // this URL anyway and being a 404 will not hurt us here.  We wrap an\n    // iframe pointing to the favicon in an ActiveXObject(htmlfile) object\n    // (see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa752574(v=VS.85).aspx)\n    // since the iframe access rules appear to allow direct access and\n    // manipulation of the document element, even for a 404 page.  This\n    // document can be used instead of the current document (which would\n    // have been limited to the current path) to perform #userData storage.\n    try {\n      storageContainer = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n      storageContainer.open();\n      storageContainer.write('<' + scriptTag + '>document.w=window</' + scriptTag + '><iframe src=\"/favicon.ico\"></iframe>');\n      storageContainer.close();\n      storageOwner = storageContainer.w.frames[0].document;\n      storage = storageOwner.createElement('div');\n    } catch (e) {\n      // somehow ActiveXObject instantiation failed (perhaps some special\n      // security settings or otherwse), fall back to per-path storage\n      storage = doc.createElement('div');\n      storageOwner = doc.body;\n    }\n    var withIEStorage = function withIEStorage(storeFunction) {\n      return function () {\n        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0);\n        args.unshift(storage);\n        // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531081(v=VS.85).aspx\n        // and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms531424(v=VS.85).aspx\n        storageOwner.appendChild(storage);\n        storage.addBehavior('#default#userData');\n        storage.load(localStorageName);\n        var result = storeFunction.apply(store, args);\n        storageOwner.removeChild(storage);\n        return result;\n      };\n    };\n\n    // In IE7, keys cannot start with a digit or contain certain chars.\n    // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/40\n    // See https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js/issues/83\n    var forbiddenCharsRegex = new RegExp(\"[!\\\"#$%&'()*+,/\\\\\\\\:;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|}~]\", \"g\");\n    var ieKeyFix = function ieKeyFix(key) {\n      return key.replace(/^d/, '___$&').replace(forbiddenCharsRegex, '___');\n    };\n    store.set = withIEStorage(function (storage, key, val) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      if (val === undefined) {\n        return store.remove(key);\n      }\n      storage.setAttribute(key, store.serialize(val));\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n      return val;\n    });\n    store.get = withIEStorage(function (storage, key, defaultVal) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      var val = store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(key));\n      return val === undefined ? defaultVal : val;\n    });\n    store.remove = withIEStorage(function (storage, key) {\n      key = ieKeyFix(key);\n      storage.removeAttribute(key);\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n    });\n    store.clear = withIEStorage(function (storage) {\n      var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n      storage.load(localStorageName);\n      for (var i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        storage.removeAttribute(attributes[i].name);\n      }\n      storage.save(localStorageName);\n    });\n    store.getAll = function (storage) {\n      var ret = {};\n      store.forEach(function (key, val) {\n        ret[key] = val;\n      });\n      return ret;\n    };\n    store.forEach = withIEStorage(function (storage, callback) {\n      var attributes = storage.XMLDocument.documentElement.attributes;\n      for (var i = 0, attr; attr = attributes[i]; ++i) {\n        callback(attr.name, store.deserialize(storage.getAttribute(attr.name)));\n      }\n    });\n  }\n  try {\n    var testKey = '__storejs__';\n    store.set(testKey, testKey);\n    if (store.get(testKey) != testKey) {\n      store.disabled = true;\n    }\n    store.remove(testKey);\n  } catch (e) {\n    store.disabled = true;\n  }\n  store.enabled = !store.disabled;\n  return store;\n});","var randomUUID = typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.randomUUID && crypto.randomUUID.bind(crypto);\nexport default {\n  randomUUID: randomUUID\n};","// Unique ID creation requires a high quality random # generator. In the browser we therefore\n// require the crypto API and do not support built-in fallback to lower quality random number\n// generators (like Math.random()).\nvar getRandomValues;\nvar rnds8 = new Uint8Array(16);\nexport default function rng() {\n  // lazy load so that environments that need to polyfill have a chance to do so\n  if (!getRandomValues) {\n    // getRandomValues needs to be invoked in a context where \"this\" is a Crypto implementation.\n    getRandomValues = typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.getRandomValues && crypto.getRandomValues.bind(crypto);\n    if (!getRandomValues) {\n      throw new Error('crypto.getRandomValues() not supported. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid#getrandomvalues-not-supported');\n    }\n  }\n  return getRandomValues(rnds8);\n}","import validate from './validate.js';\n/**\n * Convert array of 16 byte values to UUID string format of the form:\n * XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX\n */\n\nvar byteToHex = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {\n  byteToHex.push((i + 0x100).toString(16).slice(1));\n}\nexport function unsafeStringify(arr) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  // Note: Be careful editing this code!  It's been tuned for performance\n  // and works in ways you may not expect. See https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid/pull/434\n  return (byteToHex[arr[offset + 0]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 1]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 2]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 3]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 4]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 5]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 6]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 7]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 8]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 9]] + '-' + byteToHex[arr[offset + 10]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 11]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 12]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 13]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 14]] + byteToHex[arr[offset + 15]]).toLowerCase();\n}\nfunction stringify(arr) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  var uuid = unsafeStringify(arr, offset); // Consistency check for valid UUID.  If this throws, it's likely due to one\n  // of the following:\n  // - One or more input array values don't map to a hex octet (leading to\n  // \"undefined\" in the uuid)\n  // - Invalid input values for the RFC `version` or `variant` fields\n\n  if (!validate(uuid)) {\n    throw TypeError('Stringified UUID is invalid');\n  }\n  return uuid;\n}\nexport default stringify;","import native from './native.js';\nimport rng from './rng.js';\nimport { unsafeStringify } from './stringify.js';\nfunction v4(options, buf, offset) {\n  if (native.randomUUID && !buf && !options) {\n    return native.randomUUID();\n  }\n  options = options || {};\n  var rnds = options.random || (options.rng || rng)(); // Per 4.4, set bits for version and `clock_seq_hi_and_reserved`\n\n  rnds[6] = rnds[6] & 0x0f | 0x40;\n  rnds[8] = rnds[8] & 0x3f | 0x80; // Copy bytes to buffer, if provided\n\n  if (buf) {\n    offset = offset || 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {\n      buf[offset + i] = rnds[i];\n    }\n    return buf;\n  }\n  return unsafeStringify(rnds);\n}\nexport default v4;","require('../../modules/core.regexp.escape');\nmodule.exports = require('../../modules/_core').RegExp.escape;\n","module.exports = function (it) {\n  if (typeof it != 'function') throw TypeError(it + ' is not a function!');\n  return it;\n};\n","var cof = require('./_cof');\nmodule.exports = function (it, msg) {\n  if (typeof it != 'number' && cof(it) != 'Number') throw TypeError(msg);\n  return +it;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.31 Array.prototype[@@unscopables]\nvar UNSCOPABLES = require('./_wks')('unscopables');\nvar ArrayProto = Array.prototype;\nif (ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES] == undefined) require('./_hide')(ArrayProto, UNSCOPABLES, {});\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  ArrayProto[UNSCOPABLES][key] = true;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar at = require('./_string-at')(true);\n\n // `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex\nmodule.exports = function (S, index, unicode) {\n  return index + (unicode ? at(S, index).length : 1);\n};\n","module.exports = function (it, Constructor, name, forbiddenField) {\n  if (!(it instanceof Constructor) || (forbiddenField !== undefined && forbiddenField in it)) {\n    throw TypeError(name + ': incorrect invocation!');\n  } return it;\n};\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (!isObject(it)) throw TypeError(it + ' is not an object!');\n  return it;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)\n'use strict';\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\nmodule.exports = [].copyWithin || function copyWithin(target /* = 0 */, start /* = 0, end = @length */) {\n  var O = toObject(this);\n  var len = toLength(O.length);\n  var to = toAbsoluteIndex(target, len);\n  var from = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);\n  var end = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var count = Math.min((end === undefined ? len : toAbsoluteIndex(end, len)) - from, len - to);\n  var inc = 1;\n  if (from < to && to < from + count) {\n    inc = -1;\n    from += count - 1;\n    to += count - 1;\n  }\n  while (count-- > 0) {\n    if (from in O) O[to] = O[from];\n    else delete O[to];\n    to += inc;\n    from += inc;\n  } return O;\n};\n","// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)\n'use strict';\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nmodule.exports = function fill(value /* , start = 0, end = @length */) {\n  var O = toObject(this);\n  var length = toLength(O.length);\n  var aLen = arguments.length;\n  var index = toAbsoluteIndex(aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, length);\n  var end = aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var endPos = end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length);\n  while (endPos > index) O[index++] = value;\n  return O;\n};\n","var forOf = require('./_for-of');\n\nmodule.exports = function (iter, ITERATOR) {\n  var result = [];\n  forOf(iter, false, result.push, result, ITERATOR);\n  return result;\n};\n","// false -> Array#indexOf\n// true  -> Array#includes\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nmodule.exports = function (IS_INCLUDES) {\n  return function ($this, el, fromIndex) {\n    var O = toIObject($this);\n    var length = toLength(O.length);\n    var index = toAbsoluteIndex(fromIndex, length);\n    var value;\n    // Array#includes uses SameValueZero equality algorithm\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    if (IS_INCLUDES && el != el) while (length > index) {\n      value = O[index++];\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      if (value != value) return true;\n    // Array#indexOf ignores holes, Array#includes - not\n    } else for (;length > index; index++) if (IS_INCLUDES || index in O) {\n      if (O[index] === el) return IS_INCLUDES || index || 0;\n    } return !IS_INCLUDES && -1;\n  };\n};\n","// 0 -> Array#forEach\n// 1 -> Array#map\n// 2 -> Array#filter\n// 3 -> Array#some\n// 4 -> Array#every\n// 5 -> Array#find\n// 6 -> Array#findIndex\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar asc = require('./_array-species-create');\nmodule.exports = function (TYPE, $create) {\n  var IS_MAP = TYPE == 1;\n  var IS_FILTER = TYPE == 2;\n  var IS_SOME = TYPE == 3;\n  var IS_EVERY = TYPE == 4;\n  var IS_FIND_INDEX = TYPE == 6;\n  var NO_HOLES = TYPE == 5 || IS_FIND_INDEX;\n  var create = $create || asc;\n  return function ($this, callbackfn, that) {\n    var O = toObject($this);\n    var self = IObject(O);\n    var f = ctx(callbackfn, that, 3);\n    var length = toLength(self.length);\n    var index = 0;\n    var result = IS_MAP ? create($this, length) : IS_FILTER ? create($this, 0) : undefined;\n    var val, res;\n    for (;length > index; index++) if (NO_HOLES || index in self) {\n      val = self[index];\n      res = f(val, index, O);\n      if (TYPE) {\n        if (IS_MAP) result[index] = res;   // map\n        else if (res) switch (TYPE) {\n          case 3: return true;             // some\n          case 5: return val;              // find\n          case 6: return index;            // findIndex\n          case 2: result.push(val);        // filter\n        } else if (IS_EVERY) return false; // every\n      }\n    }\n    return IS_FIND_INDEX ? -1 : IS_SOME || IS_EVERY ? IS_EVERY : result;\n  };\n};\n","var aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, callbackfn, aLen, memo, isRight) {\n  aFunction(callbackfn);\n  var O = toObject(that);\n  var self = IObject(O);\n  var length = toLength(O.length);\n  var index = isRight ? length - 1 : 0;\n  var i = isRight ? -1 : 1;\n  if (aLen < 2) for (;;) {\n    if (index in self) {\n      memo = self[index];\n      index += i;\n      break;\n    }\n    index += i;\n    if (isRight ? index < 0 : length <= index) {\n      throw TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value');\n    }\n  }\n  for (;isRight ? index >= 0 : length > index; index += i) if (index in self) {\n    memo = callbackfn(memo, self[index], index, O);\n  }\n  return memo;\n};\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\n\nmodule.exports = function (original) {\n  var C;\n  if (isArray(original)) {\n    C = original.constructor;\n    // cross-realm fallback\n    if (typeof C == 'function' && (C === Array || isArray(C.prototype))) C = undefined;\n    if (isObject(C)) {\n      C = C[SPECIES];\n      if (C === null) C = undefined;\n    }\n  } return C === undefined ? Array : C;\n};\n","// 9.4.2.3 ArraySpeciesCreate(originalArray, length)\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_array-species-constructor');\n\nmodule.exports = function (original, length) {\n  return new (speciesConstructor(original))(length);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar invoke = require('./_invoke');\nvar arraySlice = [].slice;\nvar factories = {};\n\nvar construct = function (F, len, args) {\n  if (!(len in factories)) {\n    for (var n = [], i = 0; i < len; i++) n[i] = 'a[' + i + ']';\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n    factories[len] = Function('F,a', 'return new F(' + n.join(',') + ')');\n  } return factories[len](F, args);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Function.bind || function bind(that /* , ...args */) {\n  var fn = aFunction(this);\n  var partArgs = arraySlice.call(arguments, 1);\n  var bound = function (/* args... */) {\n    var args = partArgs.concat(arraySlice.call(arguments));\n    return this instanceof bound ? construct(fn, args.length, args) : invoke(fn, args, that);\n  };\n  if (isObject(fn.prototype)) bound.prototype = fn.prototype;\n  return bound;\n};\n","// getting tag from 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar TAG = require('./_wks')('toStringTag');\n// ES3 wrong here\nvar ARG = cof(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';\n\n// fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error\nvar tryGet = function (it, key) {\n  try {\n    return it[key];\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var O, T, B;\n  return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'\n    // @@toStringTag case\n    : typeof (T = tryGet(O = Object(it), TAG)) == 'string' ? T\n    // builtinTag case\n    : ARG ? cof(O)\n    // ES3 arguments fallback\n    : (B = cof(O)) == 'Object' && typeof O.callee == 'function' ? 'Arguments' : B;\n};\n","var toString = {}.toString;\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return toString.call(it).slice(8, -1);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar $iterDefine = require('./_iter-define');\nvar step = require('./_iter-step');\nvar setSpecies = require('./_set-species');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar fastKey = require('./_meta').fastKey;\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar SIZE = DESCRIPTORS ? '_s' : 'size';\n\nvar getEntry = function (that, key) {\n  // fast case\n  var index = fastKey(key);\n  var entry;\n  if (index !== 'F') return that._i[index];\n  // frozen object case\n  for (entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {\n    if (entry.k == key) return entry;\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {\n    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {\n      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');\n      that._t = NAME;         // collection type\n      that._i = create(null); // index\n      that._f = undefined;    // first entry\n      that._l = undefined;    // last entry\n      that[SIZE] = 0;         // size\n      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n    });\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, {\n      // 23.1.3.1 Map.prototype.clear()\n      // 23.2.3.2 Set.prototype.clear()\n      clear: function clear() {\n        for (var that = validate(this, NAME), data = that._i, entry = that._f; entry; entry = entry.n) {\n          entry.r = true;\n          if (entry.p) entry.p = entry.p.n = undefined;\n          delete data[entry.i];\n        }\n        that._f = that._l = undefined;\n        that[SIZE] = 0;\n      },\n      // 23.1.3.3 Map.prototype.delete(key)\n      // 23.2.3.4 Set.prototype.delete(value)\n      'delete': function (key) {\n        var that = validate(this, NAME);\n        var entry = getEntry(that, key);\n        if (entry) {\n          var next = entry.n;\n          var prev = entry.p;\n          delete that._i[entry.i];\n          entry.r = true;\n          if (prev) prev.n = next;\n          if (next) next.p = prev;\n          if (that._f == entry) that._f = next;\n          if (that._l == entry) that._l = prev;\n          that[SIZE]--;\n        } return !!entry;\n      },\n      // 23.2.3.6 Set.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)\n      // 23.1.3.5 Map.prototype.forEach(callbackfn, thisArg = undefined)\n      forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n        validate(this, NAME);\n        var f = ctx(callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, 3);\n        var entry;\n        while (entry = entry ? entry.n : this._f) {\n          f(entry.v, entry.k, this);\n          // revert to the last existing entry\n          while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;\n        }\n      },\n      // 23.1.3.7 Map.prototype.has(key)\n      // 23.2.3.7 Set.prototype.has(value)\n      has: function has(key) {\n        return !!getEntry(validate(this, NAME), key);\n      }\n    });\n    if (DESCRIPTORS) dP(C.prototype, 'size', {\n      get: function () {\n        return validate(this, NAME)[SIZE];\n      }\n    });\n    return C;\n  },\n  def: function (that, key, value) {\n    var entry = getEntry(that, key);\n    var prev, index;\n    // change existing entry\n    if (entry) {\n      entry.v = value;\n    // create new entry\n    } else {\n      that._l = entry = {\n        i: index = fastKey(key, true), // <- index\n        k: key,                        // <- key\n        v: value,                      // <- value\n        p: prev = that._l,             // <- previous entry\n        n: undefined,                  // <- next entry\n        r: false                       // <- removed\n      };\n      if (!that._f) that._f = entry;\n      if (prev) prev.n = entry;\n      that[SIZE]++;\n      // add to index\n      if (index !== 'F') that._i[index] = entry;\n    } return that;\n  },\n  getEntry: getEntry,\n  setStrong: function (C, NAME, IS_MAP) {\n    // add .keys, .values, .entries, [@@iterator]\n    // 23.1.3.4, 23.1.3.8, 23.1.3.11, 23.1.3.12, 23.2.3.5, 23.2.3.8, 23.2.3.10, 23.2.3.11\n    $iterDefine(C, NAME, function (iterated, kind) {\n      this._t = validate(iterated, NAME); // target\n      this._k = kind;                     // kind\n      this._l = undefined;                // previous\n    }, function () {\n      var that = this;\n      var kind = that._k;\n      var entry = that._l;\n      // revert to the last existing entry\n      while (entry && entry.r) entry = entry.p;\n      // get next entry\n      if (!that._t || !(that._l = entry = entry ? entry.n : that._t._f)) {\n        // or finish the iteration\n        that._t = undefined;\n        return step(1);\n      }\n      // return step by kind\n      if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, entry.k);\n      if (kind == 'values') return step(0, entry.v);\n      return step(0, [entry.k, entry.v]);\n    }, IS_MAP ? 'entries' : 'values', !IS_MAP, true);\n\n    // add [@@species], 23.1.2.2, 23.2.2.2\n    setSpecies(NAME);\n  }\n};\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar from = require('./_array-from-iterable');\nmodule.exports = function (NAME) {\n  return function toJSON() {\n    if (classof(this) != NAME) throw TypeError(NAME + \"#toJSON isn't generic\");\n    return from(this);\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar getWeak = require('./_meta').getWeak;\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar createArrayMethod = require('./_array-methods');\nvar $has = require('./_has');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);\nvar arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);\nvar id = 0;\n\n// fallback for uncaught frozen keys\nvar uncaughtFrozenStore = function (that) {\n  return that._l || (that._l = new UncaughtFrozenStore());\n};\nvar UncaughtFrozenStore = function () {\n  this.a = [];\n};\nvar findUncaughtFrozen = function (store, key) {\n  return arrayFind(store.a, function (it) {\n    return it[0] === key;\n  });\n};\nUncaughtFrozenStore.prototype = {\n  get: function (key) {\n    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n    if (entry) return entry[1];\n  },\n  has: function (key) {\n    return !!findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n  },\n  set: function (key, value) {\n    var entry = findUncaughtFrozen(this, key);\n    if (entry) entry[1] = value;\n    else this.a.push([key, value]);\n  },\n  'delete': function (key) {\n    var index = arrayFindIndex(this.a, function (it) {\n      return it[0] === key;\n    });\n    if (~index) this.a.splice(index, 1);\n    return !!~index;\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  getConstructor: function (wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER) {\n    var C = wrapper(function (that, iterable) {\n      anInstance(that, C, NAME, '_i');\n      that._t = NAME;      // collection type\n      that._i = id++;      // collection id\n      that._l = undefined; // leak store for uncaught frozen objects\n      if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n    });\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, {\n      // 23.3.3.2 WeakMap.prototype.delete(key)\n      // 23.4.3.3 WeakSet.prototype.delete(value)\n      'delete': function (key) {\n        if (!isObject(key)) return false;\n        var data = getWeak(key);\n        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME))['delete'](key);\n        return data && $has(data, this._i) && delete data[this._i];\n      },\n      // 23.3.3.4 WeakMap.prototype.has(key)\n      // 23.4.3.4 WeakSet.prototype.has(value)\n      has: function has(key) {\n        if (!isObject(key)) return false;\n        var data = getWeak(key);\n        if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, NAME)).has(key);\n        return data && $has(data, this._i);\n      }\n    });\n    return C;\n  },\n  def: function (that, key, value) {\n    var data = getWeak(anObject(key), true);\n    if (data === true) uncaughtFrozenStore(that).set(key, value);\n    else data[that._i] = value;\n    return that;\n  },\n  ufstore: uncaughtFrozenStore\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar meta = require('./_meta');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $iterDetect = require('./_iter-detect');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\n\nmodule.exports = function (NAME, wrapper, methods, common, IS_MAP, IS_WEAK) {\n  var Base = global[NAME];\n  var C = Base;\n  var ADDER = IS_MAP ? 'set' : 'add';\n  var proto = C && C.prototype;\n  var O = {};\n  var fixMethod = function (KEY) {\n    var fn = proto[KEY];\n    redefine(proto, KEY,\n      KEY == 'delete' ? function (a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'has' ? function has(a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? false : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'get' ? function get(a) {\n        return IS_WEAK && !isObject(a) ? undefined : fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a);\n      } : KEY == 'add' ? function add(a) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a); return this; }\n        : function set(a, b) { fn.call(this, a === 0 ? 0 : a, b); return this; }\n    );\n  };\n  if (typeof C != 'function' || !(IS_WEAK || proto.forEach && !fails(function () {\n    new C().entries().next();\n  }))) {\n    // create collection constructor\n    C = common.getConstructor(wrapper, NAME, IS_MAP, ADDER);\n    redefineAll(C.prototype, methods);\n    meta.NEED = true;\n  } else {\n    var instance = new C();\n    // early implementations not supports chaining\n    var HASNT_CHAINING = instance[ADDER](IS_WEAK ? {} : -0, 1) != instance;\n    // V8 ~  Chromium 40- weak-collections throws on primitives, but should return false\n    var THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES = fails(function () { instance.has(1); });\n    // most early implementations doesn't supports iterables, most modern - not close it correctly\n    var ACCEPT_ITERABLES = $iterDetect(function (iter) { new C(iter); }); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    // for early implementations -0 and +0 not the same\n    var BUGGY_ZERO = !IS_WEAK && fails(function () {\n      // V8 ~ Chromium 42- fails only with 5+ elements\n      var $instance = new C();\n      var index = 5;\n      while (index--) $instance[ADDER](index, index);\n      return !$instance.has(-0);\n    });\n    if (!ACCEPT_ITERABLES) {\n      C = wrapper(function (target, iterable) {\n        anInstance(target, C, NAME);\n        var that = inheritIfRequired(new Base(), target, C);\n        if (iterable != undefined) forOf(iterable, IS_MAP, that[ADDER], that);\n        return that;\n      });\n      C.prototype = proto;\n      proto.constructor = C;\n    }\n    if (THROWS_ON_PRIMITIVES || BUGGY_ZERO) {\n      fixMethod('delete');\n      fixMethod('has');\n      IS_MAP && fixMethod('get');\n    }\n    if (BUGGY_ZERO || HASNT_CHAINING) fixMethod(ADDER);\n    // weak collections should not contains .clear method\n    if (IS_WEAK && proto.clear) delete proto.clear;\n  }\n\n  setToStringTag(C, NAME);\n\n  O[NAME] = C;\n  $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (C != Base), O);\n\n  if (!IS_WEAK) common.setStrong(C, NAME, IS_MAP);\n\n  return C;\n};\n","var core = module.exports = { version: '2.6.12' };\nif (typeof __e == 'number') __e = core; // eslint-disable-line no-undef\n","'use strict';\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\n\nmodule.exports = function (object, index, value) {\n  if (index in object) $defineProperty.f(object, index, createDesc(0, value));\n  else object[index] = value;\n};\n","// optional / simple context binding\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nmodule.exports = function (fn, that, length) {\n  aFunction(fn);\n  if (that === undefined) return fn;\n  switch (length) {\n    case 1: return function (a) {\n      return fn.call(that, a);\n    };\n    case 2: return function (a, b) {\n      return fn.call(that, a, b);\n    };\n    case 3: return function (a, b, c) {\n      return fn.call(that, a, b, c);\n    };\n  }\n  return function (/* ...args */) {\n    return fn.apply(that, arguments);\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar getTime = Date.prototype.getTime;\nvar $toISOString = Date.prototype.toISOString;\n\nvar lz = function (num) {\n  return num > 9 ? num : '0' + num;\n};\n\n// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations\nmodule.exports = (fails(function () {\n  return $toISOString.call(new Date(-5e13 - 1)) != '0385-07-25T07:06:39.999Z';\n}) || !fails(function () {\n  $toISOString.call(new Date(NaN));\n})) ? function toISOString() {\n  if (!isFinite(getTime.call(this))) throw RangeError('Invalid time value');\n  var d = this;\n  var y = d.getUTCFullYear();\n  var m = d.getUTCMilliseconds();\n  var s = y < 0 ? '-' : y > 9999 ? '+' : '';\n  return s + ('00000' + Math.abs(y)).slice(s ? -6 : -4) +\n    '-' + lz(d.getUTCMonth() + 1) + '-' + lz(d.getUTCDate()) +\n    'T' + lz(d.getUTCHours()) + ':' + lz(d.getUTCMinutes()) +\n    ':' + lz(d.getUTCSeconds()) + '.' + (m > 99 ? m : '0' + lz(m)) + 'Z';\n} : $toISOString;\n","'use strict';\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar NUMBER = 'number';\n\nmodule.exports = function (hint) {\n  if (hint !== 'string' && hint !== NUMBER && hint !== 'default') throw TypeError('Incorrect hint');\n  return toPrimitive(anObject(this), hint != NUMBER);\n};\n","// 7.2.1 RequireObjectCoercible(argument)\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (it == undefined) throw TypeError(\"Can't call method on  \" + it);\n  return it;\n};\n","// Thank's IE8 for his funny defineProperty\nmodule.exports = !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return Object.defineProperty({}, 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;\n});\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar document = require('./_global').document;\n// typeof document.createElement is 'object' in old IE\nvar is = isObject(document) && isObject(document.createElement);\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return is ? document.createElement(it) : {};\n};\n","// IE 8- don't enum bug keys\nmodule.exports = (\n  'constructor,hasOwnProperty,isPrototypeOf,propertyIsEnumerable,toLocaleString,toString,valueOf'\n).split(',');\n","// all enumerable object keys, includes symbols\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var result = getKeys(it);\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  if (getSymbols) {\n    var symbols = getSymbols(it);\n    var isEnum = pIE.f;\n    var i = 0;\n    var key;\n    while (symbols.length > i) if (isEnum.call(it, key = symbols[i++])) result.push(key);\n  } return result;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n\nvar $export = function (type, name, source) {\n  var IS_FORCED = type & $export.F;\n  var IS_GLOBAL = type & $export.G;\n  var IS_STATIC = type & $export.S;\n  var IS_PROTO = type & $export.P;\n  var IS_BIND = type & $export.B;\n  var target = IS_GLOBAL ? global : IS_STATIC ? global[name] || (global[name] = {}) : (global[name] || {})[PROTOTYPE];\n  var exports = IS_GLOBAL ? core : core[name] || (core[name] = {});\n  var expProto = exports[PROTOTYPE] || (exports[PROTOTYPE] = {});\n  var key, own, out, exp;\n  if (IS_GLOBAL) source = name;\n  for (key in source) {\n    // contains in native\n    own = !IS_FORCED && target && target[key] !== undefined;\n    // export native or passed\n    out = (own ? target : source)[key];\n    // bind timers to global for call from export context\n    exp = IS_BIND && own ? ctx(out, global) : IS_PROTO && typeof out == 'function' ? ctx(Function.call, out) : out;\n    // extend global\n    if (target) redefine(target, key, out, type & $export.U);\n    // export\n    if (exports[key] != out) hide(exports, key, exp);\n    if (IS_PROTO && expProto[key] != out) expProto[key] = out;\n  }\n};\nglobal.core = core;\n// type bitmap\n$export.F = 1;   // forced\n$export.G = 2;   // global\n$export.S = 4;   // static\n$export.P = 8;   // proto\n$export.B = 16;  // bind\n$export.W = 32;  // wrap\n$export.U = 64;  // safe\n$export.R = 128; // real proto method for `library`\nmodule.exports = $export;\n","var MATCH = require('./_wks')('match');\nmodule.exports = function (KEY) {\n  var re = /./;\n  try {\n    '/./'[KEY](re);\n  } catch (e) {\n    try {\n      re[MATCH] = false;\n      return !'/./'[KEY](re);\n    } catch (f) { /* empty */ }\n  } return true;\n};\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return !!exec();\n  } catch (e) {\n    return true;\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\nrequire('./es6.regexp.exec');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\n\nvar SPECIES = wks('species');\n\nvar REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS = !fails(function () {\n  // #replace needs built-in support for named groups.\n  // #match works fine because it just return the exec results, even if it has\n  // a \"grops\" property.\n  var re = /./;\n  re.exec = function () {\n    var result = [];\n    result.groups = { a: '7' };\n    return result;\n  };\n  return ''.replace(re, '$<a>') !== '7';\n});\n\nvar SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC = (function () {\n  // Chrome 51 has a buggy \"split\" implementation when RegExp#exec !== nativeExec\n  var re = /(?:)/;\n  var originalExec = re.exec;\n  re.exec = function () { return originalExec.apply(this, arguments); };\n  var result = 'ab'.split(re);\n  return result.length === 2 && result[0] === 'a' && result[1] === 'b';\n})();\n\nmodule.exports = function (KEY, length, exec) {\n  var SYMBOL = wks(KEY);\n\n  var DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL = !fails(function () {\n    // String methods call symbol-named RegEp methods\n    var O = {};\n    O[SYMBOL] = function () { return 7; };\n    return ''[KEY](O) != 7;\n  });\n\n  var DELEGATES_TO_EXEC = DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ? !fails(function () {\n    // Symbol-named RegExp methods call .exec\n    var execCalled = false;\n    var re = /a/;\n    re.exec = function () { execCalled = true; return null; };\n    if (KEY === 'split') {\n      // RegExp[@@split] doesn't call the regex's exec method, but first creates\n      // a new one. We need to return the patched regex when creating the new one.\n      re.constructor = {};\n      re.constructor[SPECIES] = function () { return re; };\n    }\n    re[SYMBOL]('');\n    return !execCalled;\n  }) : undefined;\n\n  if (\n    !DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL ||\n    !DELEGATES_TO_EXEC ||\n    (KEY === 'replace' && !REPLACE_SUPPORTS_NAMED_GROUPS) ||\n    (KEY === 'split' && !SPLIT_WORKS_WITH_OVERWRITTEN_EXEC)\n  ) {\n    var nativeRegExpMethod = /./[SYMBOL];\n    var fns = exec(\n      defined,\n      SYMBOL,\n      ''[KEY],\n      function maybeCallNative(nativeMethod, regexp, str, arg2, forceStringMethod) {\n        if (regexp.exec === regexpExec) {\n          if (DELEGATES_TO_SYMBOL && !forceStringMethod) {\n            // The native String method already delegates to @@method (this\n            // polyfilled function), leasing to infinite recursion.\n            // We avoid it by directly calling the native @@method method.\n            return { done: true, value: nativeRegExpMethod.call(regexp, str, arg2) };\n          }\n          return { done: true, value: nativeMethod.call(str, regexp, arg2) };\n        }\n        return { done: false };\n      }\n    );\n    var strfn = fns[0];\n    var rxfn = fns[1];\n\n    redefine(String.prototype, KEY, strfn);\n    hide(RegExp.prototype, SYMBOL, length == 2\n      // 21.2.5.8 RegExp.prototype[@@replace](string, replaceValue)\n      // 21.2.5.11 RegExp.prototype[@@split](string, limit)\n      ? function (string, arg) { return rxfn.call(string, this, arg); }\n      // 21.2.5.6 RegExp.prototype[@@match](string)\n      // 21.2.5.9 RegExp.prototype[@@search](string)\n      : function (string) { return rxfn.call(string, this); }\n    );\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var that = anObject(this);\n  var result = '';\n  if (that.global) result += 'g';\n  if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';\n  if (that.multiline) result += 'm';\n  if (that.unicode) result += 'u';\n  if (that.sticky) result += 'y';\n  return result;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-FlattenIntoArray\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE = require('./_wks')('isConcatSpreadable');\n\nfunction flattenIntoArray(target, original, source, sourceLen, start, depth, mapper, thisArg) {\n  var targetIndex = start;\n  var sourceIndex = 0;\n  var mapFn = mapper ? ctx(mapper, thisArg, 3) : false;\n  var element, spreadable;\n\n  while (sourceIndex < sourceLen) {\n    if (sourceIndex in source) {\n      element = mapFn ? mapFn(source[sourceIndex], sourceIndex, original) : source[sourceIndex];\n\n      spreadable = false;\n      if (isObject(element)) {\n        spreadable = element[IS_CONCAT_SPREADABLE];\n        spreadable = spreadable !== undefined ? !!spreadable : isArray(element);\n      }\n\n      if (spreadable && depth > 0) {\n        targetIndex = flattenIntoArray(target, original, element, toLength(element.length), targetIndex, depth - 1) - 1;\n      } else {\n        if (targetIndex >= 0x1fffffffffffff) throw TypeError();\n        target[targetIndex] = element;\n      }\n\n      targetIndex++;\n    }\n    sourceIndex++;\n  }\n  return targetIndex;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = flattenIntoArray;\n","var ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar call = require('./_iter-call');\nvar isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\nvar BREAK = {};\nvar RETURN = {};\nvar exports = module.exports = function (iterable, entries, fn, that, ITERATOR) {\n  var iterFn = ITERATOR ? function () { return iterable; } : getIterFn(iterable);\n  var f = ctx(fn, that, entries ? 2 : 1);\n  var index = 0;\n  var length, step, iterator, result;\n  if (typeof iterFn != 'function') throw TypeError(iterable + ' is not iterable!');\n  // fast case for arrays with default iterator\n  if (isArrayIter(iterFn)) for (length = toLength(iterable.length); length > index; index++) {\n    result = entries ? f(anObject(step = iterable[index])[0], step[1]) : f(iterable[index]);\n    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n  } else for (iterator = iterFn.call(iterable); !(step = iterator.next()).done;) {\n    result = call(iterator, f, step.value, entries);\n    if (result === BREAK || result === RETURN) return result;\n  }\n};\nexports.BREAK = BREAK;\nexports.RETURN = RETURN;\n","module.exports = require('./_shared')('native-function-to-string', Function.toString);\n","// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/86#issuecomment-115759028\nvar global = module.exports = typeof window != 'undefined' && window.Math == Math\n  ? window : typeof self != 'undefined' && self.Math == Math ? self\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n  : Function('return this')();\nif (typeof __g == 'number') __g = global; // eslint-disable-line no-undef\n","var hasOwnProperty = {}.hasOwnProperty;\nmodule.exports = function (it, key) {\n  return hasOwnProperty.call(it, key);\n};\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nmodule.exports = require('./_descriptors') ? function (object, key, value) {\n  return dP.f(object, key, createDesc(1, value));\n} : function (object, key, value) {\n  object[key] = value;\n  return object;\n};\n","var document = require('./_global').document;\nmodule.exports = document && document.documentElement;\n","module.exports = !require('./_descriptors') && !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return Object.defineProperty(require('./_dom-create')('div'), 'a', { get: function () { return 7; } }).a != 7;\n});\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar setPrototypeOf = require('./_set-proto').set;\nmodule.exports = function (that, target, C) {\n  var S = target.constructor;\n  var P;\n  if (S !== C && typeof S == 'function' && (P = S.prototype) !== C.prototype && isObject(P) && setPrototypeOf) {\n    setPrototypeOf(that, P);\n  } return that;\n};\n","// fast apply, http://jsperf.lnkit.com/fast-apply/5\nmodule.exports = function (fn, args, that) {\n  var un = that === undefined;\n  switch (args.length) {\n    case 0: return un ? fn()\n                      : fn.call(that);\n    case 1: return un ? fn(args[0])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0]);\n    case 2: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1]);\n    case 3: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n    case 4: return un ? fn(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3])\n                      : fn.call(that, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);\n  } return fn.apply(that, args);\n};\n","// fallback for non-array-like ES3 and non-enumerable old V8 strings\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\nmodule.exports = Object('z').propertyIsEnumerable(0) ? Object : function (it) {\n  return cof(it) == 'String' ? it.split('') : Object(it);\n};\n","// check on default Array iterator\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar ArrayProto = Array.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it !== undefined && (Iterators.Array === it || ArrayProto[ITERATOR] === it);\n};\n","// 7.2.2 IsArray(argument)\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nmodule.exports = Array.isArray || function isArray(arg) {\n  return cof(arg) == 'Array';\n};\n","// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nmodule.exports = function isInteger(it) {\n  return !isObject(it) && isFinite(it) && floor(it) === it;\n};\n","module.exports = function (it) {\n  return typeof it === 'object' ? it !== null : typeof it === 'function';\n};\n","// 7.2.8 IsRegExp(argument)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar MATCH = require('./_wks')('match');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var isRegExp;\n  return isObject(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : cof(it) == 'RegExp');\n};\n","// call something on iterator step with safe closing on error\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nmodule.exports = function (iterator, fn, value, entries) {\n  try {\n    return entries ? fn(anObject(value)[0], value[1]) : fn(value);\n  // 7.4.6 IteratorClose(iterator, completion)\n  } catch (e) {\n    var ret = iterator['return'];\n    if (ret !== undefined) anObject(ret.call(iterator));\n    throw e;\n  }\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar descriptor = require('./_property-desc');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar IteratorPrototype = {};\n\n// 25.1.2.1.1 %IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()\nrequire('./_hide')(IteratorPrototype, require('./_wks')('iterator'), function () { return this; });\n\nmodule.exports = function (Constructor, NAME, next) {\n  Constructor.prototype = create(IteratorPrototype, { next: descriptor(1, next) });\n  setToStringTag(Constructor, NAME + ' Iterator');\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar $iterCreate = require('./_iter-create');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar BUGGY = !([].keys && 'next' in [].keys()); // Safari has buggy iterators w/o `next`\nvar FF_ITERATOR = '@@iterator';\nvar KEYS = 'keys';\nvar VALUES = 'values';\n\nvar returnThis = function () { return this; };\n\nmodule.exports = function (Base, NAME, Constructor, next, DEFAULT, IS_SET, FORCED) {\n  $iterCreate(Constructor, NAME, next);\n  var getMethod = function (kind) {\n    if (!BUGGY && kind in proto) return proto[kind];\n    switch (kind) {\n      case KEYS: return function keys() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n      case VALUES: return function values() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n    } return function entries() { return new Constructor(this, kind); };\n  };\n  var TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';\n  var DEF_VALUES = DEFAULT == VALUES;\n  var VALUES_BUG = false;\n  var proto = Base.prototype;\n  var $native = proto[ITERATOR] || proto[FF_ITERATOR] || DEFAULT && proto[DEFAULT];\n  var $default = $native || getMethod(DEFAULT);\n  var $entries = DEFAULT ? !DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod('entries') : undefined;\n  var $anyNative = NAME == 'Array' ? proto.entries || $native : $native;\n  var methods, key, IteratorPrototype;\n  // Fix native\n  if ($anyNative) {\n    IteratorPrototype = getPrototypeOf($anyNative.call(new Base()));\n    if (IteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype && IteratorPrototype.next) {\n      // Set @@toStringTag to native iterators\n      setToStringTag(IteratorPrototype, TAG, true);\n      // fix for some old engines\n      if (!LIBRARY && typeof IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR] != 'function') hide(IteratorPrototype, ITERATOR, returnThis);\n    }\n  }\n  // fix Array#{values, @@iterator}.name in V8 / FF\n  if (DEF_VALUES && $native && $native.name !== VALUES) {\n    VALUES_BUG = true;\n    $default = function values() { return $native.call(this); };\n  }\n  // Define iterator\n  if ((!LIBRARY || FORCED) && (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG || !proto[ITERATOR])) {\n    hide(proto, ITERATOR, $default);\n  }\n  // Plug for library\n  Iterators[NAME] = $default;\n  Iterators[TAG] = returnThis;\n  if (DEFAULT) {\n    methods = {\n      values: DEF_VALUES ? $default : getMethod(VALUES),\n      keys: IS_SET ? $default : getMethod(KEYS),\n      entries: $entries\n    };\n    if (FORCED) for (key in methods) {\n      if (!(key in proto)) redefine(proto, key, methods[key]);\n    } else $export($export.P + $export.F * (BUGGY || VALUES_BUG), NAME, methods);\n  }\n  return methods;\n};\n","var ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar SAFE_CLOSING = false;\n\ntry {\n  var riter = [7][ITERATOR]();\n  riter['return'] = function () { SAFE_CLOSING = true; };\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-throw-literal\n  Array.from(riter, function () { throw 2; });\n} catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n\nmodule.exports = function (exec, skipClosing) {\n  if (!skipClosing && !SAFE_CLOSING) return false;\n  var safe = false;\n  try {\n    var arr = [7];\n    var iter = arr[ITERATOR]();\n    iter.next = function () { return { done: safe = true }; };\n    arr[ITERATOR] = function () { return iter; };\n    exec(arr);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  return safe;\n};\n","module.exports = function (done, value) {\n  return { value: value, done: !!done };\n};\n","module.exports = {};\n","module.exports = false;\n","// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)\nvar $expm1 = Math.expm1;\nmodule.exports = (!$expm1\n  // Old FF bug\n  || $expm1(10) > 22025.465794806719 || $expm1(10) < 22025.4657948067165168\n  // Tor Browser bug\n  || $expm1(-2e-17) != -2e-17\n) ? function expm1(x) {\n  return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : x > -1e-6 && x < 1e-6 ? x + x * x / 2 : Math.exp(x) - 1;\n} : $expm1;\n","// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)\nvar sign = require('./_math-sign');\nvar pow = Math.pow;\nvar EPSILON = pow(2, -52);\nvar EPSILON32 = pow(2, -23);\nvar MAX32 = pow(2, 127) * (2 - EPSILON32);\nvar MIN32 = pow(2, -126);\n\nvar roundTiesToEven = function (n) {\n  return n + 1 / EPSILON - 1 / EPSILON;\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Math.fround || function fround(x) {\n  var $abs = Math.abs(x);\n  var $sign = sign(x);\n  var a, result;\n  if ($abs < MIN32) return $sign * roundTiesToEven($abs / MIN32 / EPSILON32) * MIN32 * EPSILON32;\n  a = (1 + EPSILON32 / EPSILON) * $abs;\n  result = a - (a - $abs);\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  if (result > MAX32 || result != result) return $sign * Infinity;\n  return $sign * result;\n};\n","// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)\nmodule.exports = Math.log1p || function log1p(x) {\n  return (x = +x) > -1e-8 && x < 1e-8 ? x - x * x / 2 : Math.log(1 + x);\n};\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nmodule.exports = Math.scale || function scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {\n  if (\n    arguments.length === 0\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || x != x\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || inLow != inLow\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || inHigh != inHigh\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || outLow != outLow\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n      || outHigh != outHigh\n  ) return NaN;\n  if (x === Infinity || x === -Infinity) return x;\n  return (x - inLow) * (outHigh - outLow) / (inHigh - inLow) + outLow;\n};\n","// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)\nmodule.exports = Math.sign || function sign(x) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return (x = +x) == 0 || x != x ? x : x < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n};\n","var META = require('./_uid')('meta');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar setDesc = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar id = 0;\nvar isExtensible = Object.isExtensible || function () {\n  return true;\n};\nvar FREEZE = !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return isExtensible(Object.preventExtensions({}));\n});\nvar setMeta = function (it) {\n  setDesc(it, META, { value: {\n    i: 'O' + ++id, // object ID\n    w: {}          // weak collections IDs\n  } });\n};\nvar fastKey = function (it, create) {\n  // return primitive with prefix\n  if (!isObject(it)) return typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : (typeof it == 'string' ? 'S' : 'P') + it;\n  if (!has(it, META)) {\n    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object\n    if (!isExtensible(it)) return 'F';\n    // not necessary to add metadata\n    if (!create) return 'E';\n    // add missing metadata\n    setMeta(it);\n  // return object ID\n  } return it[META].i;\n};\nvar getWeak = function (it, create) {\n  if (!has(it, META)) {\n    // can't set metadata to uncaught frozen object\n    if (!isExtensible(it)) return true;\n    // not necessary to add metadata\n    if (!create) return false;\n    // add missing metadata\n    setMeta(it);\n  // return hash weak collections IDs\n  } return it[META].w;\n};\n// add metadata on freeze-family methods calling\nvar onFreeze = function (it) {\n  if (FREEZE && meta.NEED && isExtensible(it) && !has(it, META)) setMeta(it);\n  return it;\n};\nvar meta = module.exports = {\n  KEY: META,\n  NEED: false,\n  fastKey: fastKey,\n  getWeak: getWeak,\n  onFreeze: onFreeze\n};\n","var Map = require('./es6.map');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar shared = require('./_shared')('metadata');\nvar store = shared.store || (shared.store = new (require('./es6.weak-map'))());\n\nvar getOrCreateMetadataMap = function (target, targetKey, create) {\n  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);\n  if (!targetMetadata) {\n    if (!create) return undefined;\n    store.set(target, targetMetadata = new Map());\n  }\n  var keyMetadata = targetMetadata.get(targetKey);\n  if (!keyMetadata) {\n    if (!create) return undefined;\n    targetMetadata.set(targetKey, keyMetadata = new Map());\n  } return keyMetadata;\n};\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);\n  return metadataMap === undefined ? false : metadataMap.has(MetadataKey);\n};\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, false);\n  return metadataMap === undefined ? undefined : metadataMap.get(MetadataKey);\n};\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = function (MetadataKey, MetadataValue, O, P) {\n  getOrCreateMetadataMap(O, P, true).set(MetadataKey, MetadataValue);\n};\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = function (target, targetKey) {\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(target, targetKey, false);\n  var keys = [];\n  if (metadataMap) metadataMap.forEach(function (_, key) { keys.push(key); });\n  return keys;\n};\nvar toMetaKey = function (it) {\n  return it === undefined || typeof it == 'symbol' ? it : String(it);\n};\nvar exp = function (O) {\n  $export($export.S, 'Reflect', O);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  store: store,\n  map: getOrCreateMetadataMap,\n  has: ordinaryHasOwnMetadata,\n  get: ordinaryGetOwnMetadata,\n  set: ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata,\n  keys: ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys,\n  key: toMetaKey,\n  exp: exp\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar macrotask = require('./_task').set;\nvar Observer = global.MutationObserver || global.WebKitMutationObserver;\nvar process = global.process;\nvar Promise = global.Promise;\nvar isNode = require('./_cof')(process) == 'process';\n\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var head, last, notify;\n\n  var flush = function () {\n    var parent, fn;\n    if (isNode && (parent = process.domain)) parent.exit();\n    while (head) {\n      fn = head.fn;\n      head = head.next;\n      try {\n        fn();\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (head) notify();\n        else last = undefined;\n        throw e;\n      }\n    } last = undefined;\n    if (parent) parent.enter();\n  };\n\n  // Node.js\n  if (isNode) {\n    notify = function () {\n      process.nextTick(flush);\n    };\n  // browsers with MutationObserver, except iOS Safari - https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/339\n  } else if (Observer && !(global.navigator && global.navigator.standalone)) {\n    var toggle = true;\n    var node = document.createTextNode('');\n    new Observer(flush).observe(node, { characterData: true }); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    notify = function () {\n      node.data = toggle = !toggle;\n    };\n  // environments with maybe non-completely correct, but existent Promise\n  } else if (Promise && Promise.resolve) {\n    // Promise.resolve without an argument throws an error in LG WebOS 2\n    var promise = Promise.resolve(undefined);\n    notify = function () {\n      promise.then(flush);\n    };\n  // for other environments - macrotask based on:\n  // - setImmediate\n  // - MessageChannel\n  // - window.postMessag\n  // - onreadystatechange\n  // - setTimeout\n  } else {\n    notify = function () {\n      // strange IE + webpack dev server bug - use .call(global)\n      macrotask.call(global, flush);\n    };\n  }\n\n  return function (fn) {\n    var task = { fn: fn, next: undefined };\n    if (last) last.next = task;\n    if (!head) {\n      head = task;\n      notify();\n    } last = task;\n  };\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 25.4.1.5 NewPromiseCapability(C)\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\n\nfunction PromiseCapability(C) {\n  var resolve, reject;\n  this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {\n    if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');\n    resolve = $$resolve;\n    reject = $$reject;\n  });\n  this.resolve = aFunction(resolve);\n  this.reject = aFunction(reject);\n}\n\nmodule.exports.f = function (C) {\n  return new PromiseCapability(C);\n};\n","'use strict';\n// 19.1.2.1 Object.assign(target, source, ...)\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar $assign = Object.assign;\n\n// should work with symbols and should have deterministic property order (V8 bug)\nmodule.exports = !$assign || require('./_fails')(function () {\n  var A = {};\n  var B = {};\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n  var S = Symbol();\n  var K = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrst';\n  A[S] = 7;\n  K.split('').forEach(function (k) { B[k] = k; });\n  return $assign({}, A)[S] != 7 || Object.keys($assign({}, B)).join('') != K;\n}) ? function assign(target, source) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n  var T = toObject(target);\n  var aLen = arguments.length;\n  var index = 1;\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  var isEnum = pIE.f;\n  while (aLen > index) {\n    var S = IObject(arguments[index++]);\n    var keys = getSymbols ? getKeys(S).concat(getSymbols(S)) : getKeys(S);\n    var length = keys.length;\n    var j = 0;\n    var key;\n    while (length > j) {\n      key = keys[j++];\n      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(S, key)) T[key] = S[key];\n    }\n  } return T;\n} : $assign;\n","// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar dPs = require('./_object-dps');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys');\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\nvar Empty = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype\nvar createDict = function () {\n  // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug\n  var iframe = require('./_dom-create')('iframe');\n  var i = enumBugKeys.length;\n  var lt = '<';\n  var gt = '>';\n  var iframeDocument;\n  iframe.style.display = 'none';\n  require('./_html').appendChild(iframe);\n  iframe.src = 'javascript:'; // eslint-disable-line no-script-url\n  // createDict = iframe.contentWindow.Object;\n  // html.removeChild(iframe);\n  iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;\n  iframeDocument.open();\n  iframeDocument.write(lt + 'script' + gt + 'document.F=Object' + lt + '/script' + gt);\n  iframeDocument.close();\n  createDict = iframeDocument.F;\n  while (i--) delete createDict[PROTOTYPE][enumBugKeys[i]];\n  return createDict();\n};\n\nmodule.exports = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {\n  var result;\n  if (O !== null) {\n    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = anObject(O);\n    result = new Empty();\n    Empty[PROTOTYPE] = null;\n    // add \"__proto__\" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill\n    result[IE_PROTO] = O;\n  } else result = createDict();\n  return Properties === undefined ? result : dPs(result, Properties);\n};\n","var anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar IE8_DOM_DEFINE = require('./_ie8-dom-define');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar dP = Object.defineProperty;\n\nexports.f = require('./_descriptors') ? Object.defineProperty : function defineProperty(O, P, Attributes) {\n  anObject(O);\n  P = toPrimitive(P, true);\n  anObject(Attributes);\n  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {\n    return dP(O, P, Attributes);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  if ('get' in Attributes || 'set' in Attributes) throw TypeError('Accessors not supported!');\n  if ('value' in Attributes) O[P] = Attributes.value;\n  return O;\n};\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\n\nmodule.exports = require('./_descriptors') ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {\n  anObject(O);\n  var keys = getKeys(Properties);\n  var length = keys.length;\n  var i = 0;\n  var P;\n  while (length > i) dP.f(O, P = keys[i++], Properties[P]);\n  return O;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// Forced replacement prototype accessors methods\nmodule.exports = require('./_library') || !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  var K = Math.random();\n  // In FF throws only define methods\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef, no-useless-call\n  __defineSetter__.call(null, K, function () { /* empty */ });\n  delete require('./_global')[K];\n});\n","var pIE = require('./_object-pie');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar IE8_DOM_DEFINE = require('./_ie8-dom-define');\nvar gOPD = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;\n\nexports.f = require('./_descriptors') ? gOPD : function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P) {\n  O = toIObject(O);\n  P = toPrimitive(P, true);\n  if (IE8_DOM_DEFINE) try {\n    return gOPD(O, P);\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n  if (has(O, P)) return createDesc(!pIE.f.call(O, P), O[P]);\n};\n","// fallback for IE11 buggy Object.getOwnPropertyNames with iframe and window\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar toString = {}.toString;\n\nvar windowNames = typeof window == 'object' && window && Object.getOwnPropertyNames\n  ? Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) : [];\n\nvar getWindowNames = function (it) {\n  try {\n    return gOPN(it);\n  } catch (e) {\n    return windowNames.slice();\n  }\n};\n\nmodule.exports.f = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {\n  return windowNames && toString.call(it) == '[object Window]' ? getWindowNames(it) : gOPN(toIObject(it));\n};\n","// 19.1.2.7 / 15.2.3.4 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys-internal');\nvar hiddenKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys').concat('length', 'prototype');\n\nexports.f = Object.getOwnPropertyNames || function getOwnPropertyNames(O) {\n  return $keys(O, hiddenKeys);\n};\n","exports.f = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;\n","// 19.1.2.9 / 15.2.3.2 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\nvar ObjectProto = Object.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = Object.getPrototypeOf || function (O) {\n  O = toObject(O);\n  if (has(O, IE_PROTO)) return O[IE_PROTO];\n  if (typeof O.constructor == 'function' && O instanceof O.constructor) {\n    return O.constructor.prototype;\n  } return O instanceof Object ? ObjectProto : null;\n};\n","var has = require('./_has');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar arrayIndexOf = require('./_array-includes')(false);\nvar IE_PROTO = require('./_shared-key')('IE_PROTO');\n\nmodule.exports = function (object, names) {\n  var O = toIObject(object);\n  var i = 0;\n  var result = [];\n  var key;\n  for (key in O) if (key != IE_PROTO) has(O, key) && result.push(key);\n  // Don't enum bug & hidden keys\n  while (names.length > i) if (has(O, key = names[i++])) {\n    ~arrayIndexOf(result, key) || result.push(key);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n","// 19.1.2.14 / 15.2.3.14 Object.keys(O)\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys-internal');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('./_enum-bug-keys');\n\nmodule.exports = Object.keys || function keys(O) {\n  return $keys(O, enumBugKeys);\n};\n","exports.f = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;\n","// most Object methods by ES6 should accept primitives\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nmodule.exports = function (KEY, exec) {\n  var fn = (core.Object || {})[KEY] || Object[KEY];\n  var exp = {};\n  exp[KEY] = exec(fn);\n  $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { fn(1); }), 'Object', exp);\n};\n","var DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar isEnum = require('./_object-pie').f;\nmodule.exports = function (isEntries) {\n  return function (it) {\n    var O = toIObject(it);\n    var keys = getKeys(O);\n    var length = keys.length;\n    var i = 0;\n    var result = [];\n    var key;\n    while (length > i) {\n      key = keys[i++];\n      if (!DESCRIPTORS || isEnum.call(O, key)) {\n        result.push(isEntries ? [key, O[key]] : O[key]);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n};\n","// all object keys, includes non-enumerable and symbols\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn');\nvar gOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar Reflect = require('./_global').Reflect;\nmodule.exports = Reflect && Reflect.ownKeys || function ownKeys(it) {\n  var keys = gOPN.f(anObject(it));\n  var getSymbols = gOPS.f;\n  return getSymbols ? keys.concat(getSymbols(it)) : keys;\n};\n","var $parseFloat = require('./_global').parseFloat;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\n\nmodule.exports = 1 / $parseFloat(require('./_string-ws') + '-0') !== -Infinity ? function parseFloat(str) {\n  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);\n  var result = $parseFloat(string);\n  return result === 0 && string.charAt(0) == '-' ? -0 : result;\n} : $parseFloat;\n","var $parseInt = require('./_global').parseInt;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\nvar ws = require('./_string-ws');\nvar hex = /^[-+]?0[xX]/;\n\nmodule.exports = $parseInt(ws + '08') !== 8 || $parseInt(ws + '0x16') !== 22 ? function parseInt(str, radix) {\n  var string = $trim(String(str), 3);\n  return $parseInt(string, (radix >>> 0) || (hex.test(string) ? 16 : 10));\n} : $parseInt;\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return { e: false, v: exec() };\n  } catch (e) {\n    return { e: true, v: e };\n  }\n};\n","var anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar newPromiseCapability = require('./_new-promise-capability');\n\nmodule.exports = function (C, x) {\n  anObject(C);\n  if (isObject(x) && x.constructor === C) return x;\n  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(C);\n  var resolve = promiseCapability.resolve;\n  resolve(x);\n  return promiseCapability.promise;\n};\n","module.exports = function (bitmap, value) {\n  return {\n    enumerable: !(bitmap & 1),\n    configurable: !(bitmap & 2),\n    writable: !(bitmap & 4),\n    value: value\n  };\n};\n","var redefine = require('./_redefine');\nmodule.exports = function (target, src, safe) {\n  for (var key in src) redefine(target, key, src[key], safe);\n  return target;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar SRC = require('./_uid')('src');\nvar $toString = require('./_function-to-string');\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar TPL = ('' + $toString).split(TO_STRING);\n\nrequire('./_core').inspectSource = function (it) {\n  return $toString.call(it);\n};\n\n(module.exports = function (O, key, val, safe) {\n  var isFunction = typeof val == 'function';\n  if (isFunction) has(val, 'name') || hide(val, 'name', key);\n  if (O[key] === val) return;\n  if (isFunction) has(val, SRC) || hide(val, SRC, O[key] ? '' + O[key] : TPL.join(String(key)));\n  if (O === global) {\n    O[key] = val;\n  } else if (!safe) {\n    delete O[key];\n    hide(O, key, val);\n  } else if (O[key]) {\n    O[key] = val;\n  } else {\n    hide(O, key, val);\n  }\n// add fake Function#toString for correct work wrapped methods / constructors with methods like LoDash isNative\n})(Function.prototype, TO_STRING, function toString() {\n  return typeof this == 'function' && this[SRC] || $toString.call(this);\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar builtinExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\n\n // `RegExpExec` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec\nmodule.exports = function (R, S) {\n  var exec = R.exec;\n  if (typeof exec === 'function') {\n    var result = exec.call(R, S);\n    if (typeof result !== 'object') {\n      throw new TypeError('RegExp exec method returned something other than an Object or null');\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  if (classof(R) !== 'RegExp') {\n    throw new TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');\n  }\n  return builtinExec.call(R, S);\n};\n","'use strict';\n\nvar regexpFlags = require('./_flags');\n\nvar nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\n// This always refers to the native implementation, because the\n// String#replace polyfill uses ./fix-regexp-well-known-symbol-logic.js,\n// which loads this file before patching the method.\nvar nativeReplace = String.prototype.replace;\n\nvar patchedExec = nativeExec;\n\nvar LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';\n\nvar UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {\n  var re1 = /a/,\n      re2 = /b*/g;\n  nativeExec.call(re1, 'a');\n  nativeExec.call(re2, 'a');\n  return re1[LAST_INDEX] !== 0 || re2[LAST_INDEX] !== 0;\n})();\n\n// nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.\nvar NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;\n\nvar PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED;\n\nif (PATCH) {\n  patchedExec = function exec(str) {\n    var re = this;\n    var lastIndex, reCopy, match, i;\n\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^' + re.source + '$(?!\\\\s)', regexpFlags.call(re));\n    }\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re[LAST_INDEX];\n\n    match = nativeExec.call(re, str);\n\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {\n      re[LAST_INDEX] = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;\n    }\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {\n      // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`\n      // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn' work for /(.?)?/\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-loop-func\n      nativeReplace.call(match[0], reCopy, function () {\n        for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {\n          if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    return match;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = patchedExec;\n","module.exports = function (regExp, replace) {\n  var replacer = replace === Object(replace) ? function (part) {\n    return replace[part];\n  } : replace;\n  return function (it) {\n    return String(it).replace(regExp, replacer);\n  };\n};\n","// 7.2.9 SameValue(x, y)\nmodule.exports = Object.is || function is(x, y) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return x === y ? x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y : x != x && y != y;\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\n\nmodule.exports = function (COLLECTION) {\n  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { from: function from(source /* , mapFn, thisArg */) {\n    var mapFn = arguments[1];\n    var mapping, A, n, cb;\n    aFunction(this);\n    mapping = mapFn !== undefined;\n    if (mapping) aFunction(mapFn);\n    if (source == undefined) return new this();\n    A = [];\n    if (mapping) {\n      n = 0;\n      cb = ctx(mapFn, arguments[2], 2);\n      forOf(source, false, function (nextItem) {\n        A.push(cb(nextItem, n++));\n      });\n    } else {\n      forOf(source, false, A.push, A);\n    }\n    return new this(A);\n  } });\n};\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\nmodule.exports = function (COLLECTION) {\n  $export($export.S, COLLECTION, { of: function of() {\n    var length = arguments.length;\n    var A = new Array(length);\n    while (length--) A[length] = arguments[length];\n    return new this(A);\n  } });\n};\n","// Works with __proto__ only. Old v8 can't work with null proto objects.\n/* eslint-disable no-proto */\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar check = function (O, proto) {\n  anObject(O);\n  if (!isObject(proto) && proto !== null) throw TypeError(proto + \": can't set as prototype!\");\n};\nmodule.exports = {\n  set: Object.setPrototypeOf || ('__proto__' in {} ? // eslint-disable-line\n    function (test, buggy, set) {\n      try {\n        set = require('./_ctx')(Function.call, require('./_object-gopd').f(Object.prototype, '__proto__').set, 2);\n        set(test, []);\n        buggy = !(test instanceof Array);\n      } catch (e) { buggy = true; }\n      return function setPrototypeOf(O, proto) {\n        check(O, proto);\n        if (buggy) O.__proto__ = proto;\n        else set(O, proto);\n        return O;\n      };\n    }({}, false) : undefined),\n  check: check\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\n\nmodule.exports = function (KEY) {\n  var C = global[KEY];\n  if (DESCRIPTORS && C && !C[SPECIES]) dP.f(C, SPECIES, {\n    configurable: true,\n    get: function () { return this; }\n  });\n};\n","var def = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar TAG = require('./_wks')('toStringTag');\n\nmodule.exports = function (it, tag, stat) {\n  if (it && !has(it = stat ? it : it.prototype, TAG)) def(it, TAG, { configurable: true, value: tag });\n};\n","var shared = require('./_shared')('keys');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  return shared[key] || (shared[key] = uid(key));\n};\n","var core = require('./_core');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar SHARED = '__core-js_shared__';\nvar store = global[SHARED] || (global[SHARED] = {});\n\n(module.exports = function (key, value) {\n  return store[key] || (store[key] = value !== undefined ? value : {});\n})('versions', []).push({\n  version: core.version,\n  mode: require('./_library') ? 'pure' : 'global',\n  copyright: '© 2020 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)'\n});\n","// 7.3.20 SpeciesConstructor(O, defaultConstructor)\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar SPECIES = require('./_wks')('species');\nmodule.exports = function (O, D) {\n  var C = anObject(O).constructor;\n  var S;\n  return C === undefined || (S = anObject(C)[SPECIES]) == undefined ? D : aFunction(S);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\n\nmodule.exports = function (method, arg) {\n  return !!method && fails(function () {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-useless-call\n    arg ? method.call(null, function () { /* empty */ }, 1) : method.call(null);\n  });\n};\n","var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n// true  -> String#at\n// false -> String#codePointAt\nmodule.exports = function (TO_STRING) {\n  return function (that, pos) {\n    var s = String(defined(that));\n    var i = toInteger(pos);\n    var l = s.length;\n    var a, b;\n    if (i < 0 || i >= l) return TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;\n    a = s.charCodeAt(i);\n    return a < 0xd800 || a > 0xdbff || i + 1 === l || (b = s.charCodeAt(i + 1)) < 0xdc00 || b > 0xdfff\n      ? TO_STRING ? s.charAt(i) : a\n      : TO_STRING ? s.slice(i, i + 2) : (a - 0xd800 << 10) + (b - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;\n  };\n};\n","// helper for String#{startsWith, endsWith, includes}\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, searchString, NAME) {\n  if (isRegExp(searchString)) throw TypeError('String#' + NAME + \" doesn't accept regex!\");\n  return String(defined(that));\n};\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar quot = /\"/g;\n// B.2.3.2.1 CreateHTML(string, tag, attribute, value)\nvar createHTML = function (string, tag, attribute, value) {\n  var S = String(defined(string));\n  var p1 = '<' + tag;\n  if (attribute !== '') p1 += ' ' + attribute + '=\"' + String(value).replace(quot, '&quot;') + '\"';\n  return p1 + '>' + S + '</' + tag + '>';\n};\nmodule.exports = function (NAME, exec) {\n  var O = {};\n  O[NAME] = exec(createHTML);\n  $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {\n    var test = ''[NAME]('\"');\n    return test !== test.toLowerCase() || test.split('\"').length > 3;\n  }), 'String', O);\n};\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar repeat = require('./_string-repeat');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function (that, maxLength, fillString, left) {\n  var S = String(defined(that));\n  var stringLength = S.length;\n  var fillStr = fillString === undefined ? ' ' : String(fillString);\n  var intMaxLength = toLength(maxLength);\n  if (intMaxLength <= stringLength || fillStr == '') return S;\n  var fillLen = intMaxLength - stringLength;\n  var stringFiller = repeat.call(fillStr, Math.ceil(fillLen / fillStr.length));\n  if (stringFiller.length > fillLen) stringFiller = stringFiller.slice(0, fillLen);\n  return left ? stringFiller + S : S + stringFiller;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\n\nmodule.exports = function repeat(count) {\n  var str = String(defined(this));\n  var res = '';\n  var n = toInteger(count);\n  if (n < 0 || n == Infinity) throw RangeError(\"Count can't be negative\");\n  for (;n > 0; (n >>>= 1) && (str += str)) if (n & 1) res += str;\n  return res;\n};\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar spaces = require('./_string-ws');\nvar space = '[' + spaces + ']';\nvar non = '\\u200b\\u0085';\nvar ltrim = RegExp('^' + space + space + '*');\nvar rtrim = RegExp(space + space + '*$');\n\nvar exporter = function (KEY, exec, ALIAS) {\n  var exp = {};\n  var FORCE = fails(function () {\n    return !!spaces[KEY]() || non[KEY]() != non;\n  });\n  var fn = exp[KEY] = FORCE ? exec(trim) : spaces[KEY];\n  if (ALIAS) exp[ALIAS] = fn;\n  $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCE, 'String', exp);\n};\n\n// 1 -> String#trimLeft\n// 2 -> String#trimRight\n// 3 -> String#trim\nvar trim = exporter.trim = function (string, TYPE) {\n  string = String(defined(string));\n  if (TYPE & 1) string = string.replace(ltrim, '');\n  if (TYPE & 2) string = string.replace(rtrim, '');\n  return string;\n};\n\nmodule.exports = exporter;\n","module.exports = '\\x09\\x0A\\x0B\\x0C\\x0D\\x20\\xA0\\u1680\\u180E\\u2000\\u2001\\u2002\\u2003' +\n  '\\u2004\\u2005\\u2006\\u2007\\u2008\\u2009\\u200A\\u202F\\u205F\\u3000\\u2028\\u2029\\uFEFF';\n","var ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar invoke = require('./_invoke');\nvar html = require('./_html');\nvar cel = require('./_dom-create');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar process = global.process;\nvar setTask = global.setImmediate;\nvar clearTask = global.clearImmediate;\nvar MessageChannel = global.MessageChannel;\nvar Dispatch = global.Dispatch;\nvar counter = 0;\nvar queue = {};\nvar ONREADYSTATECHANGE = 'onreadystatechange';\nvar defer, channel, port;\nvar run = function () {\n  var id = +this;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins\n  if (queue.hasOwnProperty(id)) {\n    var fn = queue[id];\n    delete queue[id];\n    fn();\n  }\n};\nvar listener = function (event) {\n  run.call(event.data);\n};\n// Node.js 0.9+ & IE10+ has setImmediate, otherwise:\nif (!setTask || !clearTask) {\n  setTask = function setImmediate(fn) {\n    var args = [];\n    var i = 1;\n    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);\n    queue[++counter] = function () {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n      invoke(typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn), args);\n    };\n    defer(counter);\n    return counter;\n  };\n  clearTask = function clearImmediate(id) {\n    delete queue[id];\n  };\n  // Node.js 0.8-\n  if (require('./_cof')(process) == 'process') {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      process.nextTick(ctx(run, id, 1));\n    };\n  // Sphere (JS game engine) Dispatch API\n  } else if (Dispatch && Dispatch.now) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      Dispatch.now(ctx(run, id, 1));\n    };\n  // Browsers with MessageChannel, includes WebWorkers\n  } else if (MessageChannel) {\n    channel = new MessageChannel();\n    port = channel.port2;\n    channel.port1.onmessage = listener;\n    defer = ctx(port.postMessage, port, 1);\n  // Browsers with postMessage, skip WebWorkers\n  // IE8 has postMessage, but it's sync & typeof its postMessage is 'object'\n  } else if (global.addEventListener && typeof postMessage == 'function' && !global.importScripts) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      global.postMessage(id + '', '*');\n    };\n    global.addEventListener('message', listener, false);\n  // IE8-\n  } else if (ONREADYSTATECHANGE in cel('script')) {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      html.appendChild(cel('script'))[ONREADYSTATECHANGE] = function () {\n        html.removeChild(this);\n        run.call(id);\n      };\n    };\n  // Rest old browsers\n  } else {\n    defer = function (id) {\n      setTimeout(ctx(run, id, 1), 0);\n    };\n  }\n}\nmodule.exports = {\n  set: setTask,\n  clear: clearTask\n};\n","var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar max = Math.max;\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (index, length) {\n  index = toInteger(index);\n  return index < 0 ? max(index + length, 0) : min(index, length);\n};\n","// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-toindex\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (it === undefined) return 0;\n  var number = toInteger(it);\n  var length = toLength(number);\n  if (number !== length) throw RangeError('Wrong length!');\n  return length;\n};\n","// 7.1.4 ToInteger\nvar ceil = Math.ceil;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return isNaN(it = +it) ? 0 : (it > 0 ? floor : ceil)(it);\n};\n","// to indexed object, toObject with fallback for non-array-like ES3 strings\nvar IObject = require('./_iobject');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return IObject(defined(it));\n};\n","// 7.1.15 ToLength\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar min = Math.min;\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it > 0 ? min(toInteger(it), 0x1fffffffffffff) : 0; // pow(2, 53) - 1 == 9007199254740991\n};\n","// 7.1.13 ToObject(argument)\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return Object(defined(it));\n};\n","// 7.1.1 ToPrimitive(input [, PreferredType])\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n// instead of the ES6 spec version, we didn't implement @@toPrimitive case\n// and the second argument - flag - preferred type is a string\nmodule.exports = function (it, S) {\n  if (!isObject(it)) return it;\n  var fn, val;\n  if (S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  if (typeof (fn = it.valueOf) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  if (!S && typeof (fn = it.toString) == 'function' && !isObject(val = fn.call(it))) return val;\n  throw TypeError(\"Can't convert object to primitive value\");\n};\n","'use strict';\nif (require('./_descriptors')) {\n  var LIBRARY = require('./_library');\n  var global = require('./_global');\n  var fails = require('./_fails');\n  var $export = require('./_export');\n  var $typed = require('./_typed');\n  var $buffer = require('./_typed-buffer');\n  var ctx = require('./_ctx');\n  var anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\n  var propertyDesc = require('./_property-desc');\n  var hide = require('./_hide');\n  var redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\n  var toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\n  var toLength = require('./_to-length');\n  var toIndex = require('./_to-index');\n  var toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\n  var toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n  var has = require('./_has');\n  var classof = require('./_classof');\n  var isObject = require('./_is-object');\n  var toObject = require('./_to-object');\n  var isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\n  var create = require('./_object-create');\n  var getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\n  var gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\n  var getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\n  var uid = require('./_uid');\n  var wks = require('./_wks');\n  var createArrayMethod = require('./_array-methods');\n  var createArrayIncludes = require('./_array-includes');\n  var speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\n  var ArrayIterators = require('./es6.array.iterator');\n  var Iterators = require('./_iterators');\n  var $iterDetect = require('./_iter-detect');\n  var setSpecies = require('./_set-species');\n  var arrayFill = require('./_array-fill');\n  var arrayCopyWithin = require('./_array-copy-within');\n  var $DP = require('./_object-dp');\n  var $GOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\n  var dP = $DP.f;\n  var gOPD = $GOPD.f;\n  var RangeError = global.RangeError;\n  var TypeError = global.TypeError;\n  var Uint8Array = global.Uint8Array;\n  var ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\n  var SHARED_BUFFER = 'Shared' + ARRAY_BUFFER;\n  var BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = 'BYTES_PER_ELEMENT';\n  var PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\n  var ArrayProto = Array[PROTOTYPE];\n  var $ArrayBuffer = $buffer.ArrayBuffer;\n  var $DataView = $buffer.DataView;\n  var arrayForEach = createArrayMethod(0);\n  var arrayFilter = createArrayMethod(2);\n  var arraySome = createArrayMethod(3);\n  var arrayEvery = createArrayMethod(4);\n  var arrayFind = createArrayMethod(5);\n  var arrayFindIndex = createArrayMethod(6);\n  var arrayIncludes = createArrayIncludes(true);\n  var arrayIndexOf = createArrayIncludes(false);\n  var arrayValues = ArrayIterators.values;\n  var arrayKeys = ArrayIterators.keys;\n  var arrayEntries = ArrayIterators.entries;\n  var arrayLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf;\n  var arrayReduce = ArrayProto.reduce;\n  var arrayReduceRight = ArrayProto.reduceRight;\n  var arrayJoin = ArrayProto.join;\n  var arraySort = ArrayProto.sort;\n  var arraySlice = ArrayProto.slice;\n  var arrayToString = ArrayProto.toString;\n  var arrayToLocaleString = ArrayProto.toLocaleString;\n  var ITERATOR = wks('iterator');\n  var TAG = wks('toStringTag');\n  var TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('typed_constructor');\n  var DEF_CONSTRUCTOR = uid('def_constructor');\n  var ALL_CONSTRUCTORS = $typed.CONSTR;\n  var TYPED_ARRAY = $typed.TYPED;\n  var VIEW = $typed.VIEW;\n  var WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';\n\n  var $map = createArrayMethod(1, function (O, length) {\n    return allocate(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), length);\n  });\n\n  var LITTLE_ENDIAN = fails(function () {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n    return new Uint8Array(new Uint16Array([1]).buffer)[0] === 1;\n  });\n\n  var FORCED_SET = !!Uint8Array && !!Uint8Array[PROTOTYPE].set && fails(function () {\n    new Uint8Array(1).set({});\n  });\n\n  var toOffset = function (it, BYTES) {\n    var offset = toInteger(it);\n    if (offset < 0 || offset % BYTES) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');\n    return offset;\n  };\n\n  var validate = function (it) {\n    if (isObject(it) && TYPED_ARRAY in it) return it;\n    throw TypeError(it + ' is not a typed array!');\n  };\n\n  var allocate = function (C, length) {\n    if (!(isObject(C) && TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR in C)) {\n      throw TypeError('It is not a typed array constructor!');\n    } return new C(length);\n  };\n\n  var speciesFromList = function (O, list) {\n    return fromList(speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]), list);\n  };\n\n  var fromList = function (C, list) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var length = list.length;\n    var result = allocate(C, length);\n    while (length > index) result[index] = list[index++];\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  var addGetter = function (it, key, internal) {\n    dP(it, key, { get: function () { return this._d[internal]; } });\n  };\n\n  var $from = function from(source /* , mapfn, thisArg */) {\n    var O = toObject(source);\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;\n    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);\n    var i, length, values, result, step, iterator;\n    if (iterFn != undefined && !isArrayIter(iterFn)) {\n      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), values = [], i = 0; !(step = iterator.next()).done; i++) {\n        values.push(step.value);\n      } O = values;\n    }\n    if (mapping && aLen > 2) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, arguments[2], 2);\n    for (i = 0, length = toLength(O.length), result = allocate(this, length); length > i; i++) {\n      result[i] = mapping ? mapfn(O[i], i) : O[i];\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  var $of = function of(/* ...items */) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var length = arguments.length;\n    var result = allocate(this, length);\n    while (length > index) result[index] = arguments[index++];\n    return result;\n  };\n\n  // iOS Safari 6.x fails here\n  var TO_LOCALE_BUG = !!Uint8Array && fails(function () { arrayToLocaleString.call(new Uint8Array(1)); });\n\n  var $toLocaleString = function toLocaleString() {\n    return arrayToLocaleString.apply(TO_LOCALE_BUG ? arraySlice.call(validate(this)) : validate(this), arguments);\n  };\n\n  var proto = {\n    copyWithin: function copyWithin(target, start /* , end */) {\n      return arrayCopyWithin.call(validate(this), target, start, arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined);\n    },\n    every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayEvery(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    fill: function fill(value /* , start, end */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayFill.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return speciesFromList(this, arrayFilter(validate(this), callbackfn,\n        arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined));\n    },\n    find: function find(predicate /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayFind(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    findIndex: function findIndex(predicate /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arrayFindIndex(validate(this), predicate, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      arrayForEach(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {\n      return arrayIndexOf(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    includes: function includes(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) {\n      return arrayIncludes(validate(this), searchElement, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    join: function join(separator) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayJoin.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayLastIndexOf.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    map: function map(mapfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return $map(validate(this), mapfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayReduce.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n      return arrayReduceRight.apply(validate(this), arguments);\n    },\n    reverse: function reverse() {\n      var that = this;\n      var length = validate(that).length;\n      var middle = Math.floor(length / 2);\n      var index = 0;\n      var value;\n      while (index < middle) {\n        value = that[index];\n        that[index++] = that[--length];\n        that[length] = value;\n      } return that;\n    },\n    some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n      return arraySome(validate(this), callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n    },\n    sort: function sort(comparefn) {\n      return arraySort.call(validate(this), comparefn);\n    },\n    subarray: function subarray(begin, end) {\n      var O = validate(this);\n      var length = O.length;\n      var $begin = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, length);\n      return new (speciesConstructor(O, O[DEF_CONSTRUCTOR]))(\n        O.buffer,\n        O.byteOffset + $begin * O.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,\n        toLength((end === undefined ? length : toAbsoluteIndex(end, length)) - $begin)\n      );\n    }\n  };\n\n  var $slice = function slice(start, end) {\n    return speciesFromList(this, arraySlice.call(validate(this), start, end));\n  };\n\n  var $set = function set(arrayLike /* , offset */) {\n    validate(this);\n    var offset = toOffset(arguments[1], 1);\n    var length = this.length;\n    var src = toObject(arrayLike);\n    var len = toLength(src.length);\n    var index = 0;\n    if (len + offset > length) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n    while (index < len) this[offset + index] = src[index++];\n  };\n\n  var $iterators = {\n    entries: function entries() {\n      return arrayEntries.call(validate(this));\n    },\n    keys: function keys() {\n      return arrayKeys.call(validate(this));\n    },\n    values: function values() {\n      return arrayValues.call(validate(this));\n    }\n  };\n\n  var isTAIndex = function (target, key) {\n    return isObject(target)\n      && target[TYPED_ARRAY]\n      && typeof key != 'symbol'\n      && key in target\n      && String(+key) == String(key);\n  };\n  var $getDesc = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) {\n    return isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))\n      ? propertyDesc(2, target[key])\n      : gOPD(target, key);\n  };\n  var $setDesc = function defineProperty(target, key, desc) {\n    if (isTAIndex(target, key = toPrimitive(key, true))\n      && isObject(desc)\n      && has(desc, 'value')\n      && !has(desc, 'get')\n      && !has(desc, 'set')\n      // TODO: add validation descriptor w/o calling accessors\n      && !desc.configurable\n      && (!has(desc, 'writable') || desc.writable)\n      && (!has(desc, 'enumerable') || desc.enumerable)\n    ) {\n      target[key] = desc.value;\n      return target;\n    } return dP(target, key, desc);\n  };\n\n  if (!ALL_CONSTRUCTORS) {\n    $GOPD.f = $getDesc;\n    $DP.f = $setDesc;\n  }\n\n  $export($export.S + $export.F * !ALL_CONSTRUCTORS, 'Object', {\n    getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getDesc,\n    defineProperty: $setDesc\n  });\n\n  if (fails(function () { arrayToString.call({}); })) {\n    arrayToString = arrayToLocaleString = function toString() {\n      return arrayJoin.call(this);\n    };\n  }\n\n  var $TypedArrayPrototype$ = redefineAll({}, proto);\n  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, $iterators);\n  hide($TypedArrayPrototype$, ITERATOR, $iterators.values);\n  redefineAll($TypedArrayPrototype$, {\n    slice: $slice,\n    set: $set,\n    constructor: function () { /* noop */ },\n    toString: arrayToString,\n    toLocaleString: $toLocaleString\n  });\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'buffer', 'b');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteOffset', 'o');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'byteLength', 'l');\n  addGetter($TypedArrayPrototype$, 'length', 'e');\n  dP($TypedArrayPrototype$, TAG, {\n    get: function () { return this[TYPED_ARRAY]; }\n  });\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line max-statements\n  module.exports = function (KEY, BYTES, wrapper, CLAMPED) {\n    CLAMPED = !!CLAMPED;\n    var NAME = KEY + (CLAMPED ? 'Clamped' : '') + 'Array';\n    var GETTER = 'get' + KEY;\n    var SETTER = 'set' + KEY;\n    var TypedArray = global[NAME];\n    var Base = TypedArray || {};\n    var TAC = TypedArray && getPrototypeOf(TypedArray);\n    var FORCED = !TypedArray || !$typed.ABV;\n    var O = {};\n    var TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray && TypedArray[PROTOTYPE];\n    var getter = function (that, index) {\n      var data = that._d;\n      return data.v[GETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, LITTLE_ENDIAN);\n    };\n    var setter = function (that, index, value) {\n      var data = that._d;\n      if (CLAMPED) value = (value = Math.round(value)) < 0 ? 0 : value > 0xff ? 0xff : value & 0xff;\n      data.v[SETTER](index * BYTES + data.o, value, LITTLE_ENDIAN);\n    };\n    var addElement = function (that, index) {\n      dP(that, index, {\n        get: function () {\n          return getter(this, index);\n        },\n        set: function (value) {\n          return setter(this, index, value);\n        },\n        enumerable: true\n      });\n    };\n    if (FORCED) {\n      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {\n        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME, '_d');\n        var index = 0;\n        var offset = 0;\n        var buffer, byteLength, length, klass;\n        if (!isObject(data)) {\n          length = toIndex(data);\n          byteLength = length * BYTES;\n          buffer = new $ArrayBuffer(byteLength);\n        } else if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {\n          buffer = data;\n          offset = toOffset($offset, BYTES);\n          var $len = data.byteLength;\n          if ($length === undefined) {\n            if ($len % BYTES) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n            byteLength = $len - offset;\n            if (byteLength < 0) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n          } else {\n            byteLength = toLength($length) * BYTES;\n            if (byteLength + offset > $len) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n          }\n          length = byteLength / BYTES;\n        } else if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) {\n          return fromList(TypedArray, data);\n        } else {\n          return $from.call(TypedArray, data);\n        }\n        hide(that, '_d', {\n          b: buffer,\n          o: offset,\n          l: byteLength,\n          e: length,\n          v: new $DataView(buffer)\n        });\n        while (index < length) addElement(that, index++);\n      });\n      TypedArrayPrototype = TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = create($TypedArrayPrototype$);\n      hide(TypedArrayPrototype, 'constructor', TypedArray);\n    } else if (!fails(function () {\n      TypedArray(1);\n    }) || !fails(function () {\n      new TypedArray(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    }) || !$iterDetect(function (iter) {\n      new TypedArray(); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(null); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n      new TypedArray(iter); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    }, true)) {\n      TypedArray = wrapper(function (that, data, $offset, $length) {\n        anInstance(that, TypedArray, NAME);\n        var klass;\n        // `ws` module bug, temporarily remove validation length for Uint8Array\n        // https://github.com/websockets/ws/pull/645\n        if (!isObject(data)) return new Base(toIndex(data));\n        if (data instanceof $ArrayBuffer || (klass = classof(data)) == ARRAY_BUFFER || klass == SHARED_BUFFER) {\n          return $length !== undefined\n            ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES), $length)\n            : $offset !== undefined\n              ? new Base(data, toOffset($offset, BYTES))\n              : new Base(data);\n        }\n        if (TYPED_ARRAY in data) return fromList(TypedArray, data);\n        return $from.call(TypedArray, data);\n      });\n      arrayForEach(TAC !== Function.prototype ? gOPN(Base).concat(gOPN(TAC)) : gOPN(Base), function (key) {\n        if (!(key in TypedArray)) hide(TypedArray, key, Base[key]);\n      });\n      TypedArray[PROTOTYPE] = TypedArrayPrototype;\n      if (!LIBRARY) TypedArrayPrototype.constructor = TypedArray;\n    }\n    var $nativeIterator = TypedArrayPrototype[ITERATOR];\n    var CORRECT_ITER_NAME = !!$nativeIterator\n      && ($nativeIterator.name == 'values' || $nativeIterator.name == undefined);\n    var $iterator = $iterators.values;\n    hide(TypedArray, TYPED_CONSTRUCTOR, true);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, TYPED_ARRAY, NAME);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, VIEW, true);\n    hide(TypedArrayPrototype, DEF_CONSTRUCTOR, TypedArray);\n\n    if (CLAMPED ? new TypedArray(1)[TAG] != NAME : !(TAG in TypedArrayPrototype)) {\n      dP(TypedArrayPrototype, TAG, {\n        get: function () { return NAME; }\n      });\n    }\n\n    O[NAME] = TypedArray;\n\n    $export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (TypedArray != Base), O);\n\n    $export($export.S, NAME, {\n      BYTES_PER_ELEMENT: BYTES\n    });\n\n    $export($export.S + $export.F * fails(function () { Base.of.call(TypedArray, 1); }), NAME, {\n      from: $from,\n      of: $of\n    });\n\n    if (!(BYTES_PER_ELEMENT in TypedArrayPrototype)) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, BYTES);\n\n    $export($export.P, NAME, proto);\n\n    setSpecies(NAME);\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * FORCED_SET, NAME, { set: $set });\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * !CORRECT_ITER_NAME, NAME, $iterators);\n\n    if (!LIBRARY && TypedArrayPrototype.toString != arrayToString) TypedArrayPrototype.toString = arrayToString;\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * fails(function () {\n      new TypedArray(1).slice();\n    }), NAME, { slice: $slice });\n\n    $export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {\n      return [1, 2].toLocaleString() != new TypedArray([1, 2]).toLocaleString();\n    }) || !fails(function () {\n      TypedArrayPrototype.toLocaleString.call([1, 2]);\n    })), NAME, { toLocaleString: $toLocaleString });\n\n    Iterators[NAME] = CORRECT_ITER_NAME ? $nativeIterator : $iterator;\n    if (!LIBRARY && !CORRECT_ITER_NAME) hide(TypedArrayPrototype, ITERATOR, $iterator);\n  };\n} else module.exports = function () { /* empty */ };\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar $typed = require('./_typed');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toIndex = require('./_to-index');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar arrayFill = require('./_array-fill');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\nvar DATA_VIEW = 'DataView';\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar WRONG_LENGTH = 'Wrong length!';\nvar WRONG_INDEX = 'Wrong index!';\nvar $ArrayBuffer = global[ARRAY_BUFFER];\nvar $DataView = global[DATA_VIEW];\nvar Math = global.Math;\nvar RangeError = global.RangeError;\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-shadow-restricted-names\nvar Infinity = global.Infinity;\nvar BaseBuffer = $ArrayBuffer;\nvar abs = Math.abs;\nvar pow = Math.pow;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar log = Math.log;\nvar LN2 = Math.LN2;\nvar BUFFER = 'buffer';\nvar BYTE_LENGTH = 'byteLength';\nvar BYTE_OFFSET = 'byteOffset';\nvar $BUFFER = DESCRIPTORS ? '_b' : BUFFER;\nvar $LENGTH = DESCRIPTORS ? '_l' : BYTE_LENGTH;\nvar $OFFSET = DESCRIPTORS ? '_o' : BYTE_OFFSET;\n\n// IEEE754 conversions based on https://github.com/feross/ieee754\nfunction packIEEE754(value, mLen, nBytes) {\n  var buffer = new Array(nBytes);\n  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;\n  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;\n  var eBias = eMax >> 1;\n  var rt = mLen === 23 ? pow(2, -24) - pow(2, -77) : 0;\n  var i = 0;\n  var s = value < 0 || value === 0 && 1 / value < 0 ? 1 : 0;\n  var e, m, c;\n  value = abs(value);\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  if (value != value || value === Infinity) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    m = value != value ? 1 : 0;\n    e = eMax;\n  } else {\n    e = floor(log(value) / LN2);\n    if (value * (c = pow(2, -e)) < 1) {\n      e--;\n      c *= 2;\n    }\n    if (e + eBias >= 1) {\n      value += rt / c;\n    } else {\n      value += rt * pow(2, 1 - eBias);\n    }\n    if (value * c >= 2) {\n      e++;\n      c /= 2;\n    }\n    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {\n      m = 0;\n      e = eMax;\n    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {\n      m = (value * c - 1) * pow(2, mLen);\n      e = e + eBias;\n    } else {\n      m = value * pow(2, eBias - 1) * pow(2, mLen);\n      e = 0;\n    }\n  }\n  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[i++] = m & 255, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);\n  e = e << mLen | m;\n  eLen += mLen;\n  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[i++] = e & 255, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);\n  buffer[--i] |= s * 128;\n  return buffer;\n}\nfunction unpackIEEE754(buffer, mLen, nBytes) {\n  var eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1;\n  var eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1;\n  var eBias = eMax >> 1;\n  var nBits = eLen - 7;\n  var i = nBytes - 1;\n  var s = buffer[i--];\n  var e = s & 127;\n  var m;\n  s >>= 7;\n  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);\n  m = e & (1 << -nBits) - 1;\n  e >>= -nBits;\n  nBits += mLen;\n  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[i], i--, nBits -= 8);\n  if (e === 0) {\n    e = 1 - eBias;\n  } else if (e === eMax) {\n    return m ? NaN : s ? -Infinity : Infinity;\n  } else {\n    m = m + pow(2, mLen);\n    e = e - eBias;\n  } return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * pow(2, e - mLen);\n}\n\nfunction unpackI32(bytes) {\n  return bytes[3] << 24 | bytes[2] << 16 | bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];\n}\nfunction packI8(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packI16(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packI32(it) {\n  return [it & 0xff, it >> 8 & 0xff, it >> 16 & 0xff, it >> 24 & 0xff];\n}\nfunction packF64(it) {\n  return packIEEE754(it, 52, 8);\n}\nfunction packF32(it) {\n  return packIEEE754(it, 23, 4);\n}\n\nfunction addGetter(C, key, internal) {\n  dP(C[PROTOTYPE], key, { get: function () { return this[internal]; } });\n}\n\nfunction get(view, bytes, index, isLittleEndian) {\n  var numIndex = +index;\n  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);\n  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);\n  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;\n  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];\n  var pack = store.slice(start, start + bytes);\n  return isLittleEndian ? pack : pack.reverse();\n}\nfunction set(view, bytes, index, conversion, value, isLittleEndian) {\n  var numIndex = +index;\n  var intIndex = toIndex(numIndex);\n  if (intIndex + bytes > view[$LENGTH]) throw RangeError(WRONG_INDEX);\n  var store = view[$BUFFER]._b;\n  var start = intIndex + view[$OFFSET];\n  var pack = conversion(+value);\n  for (var i = 0; i < bytes; i++) store[start + i] = pack[isLittleEndian ? i : bytes - i - 1];\n}\n\nif (!$typed.ABV) {\n  $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {\n    anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);\n    var byteLength = toIndex(length);\n    this._b = arrayFill.call(new Array(byteLength), 0);\n    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;\n  };\n\n  $DataView = function DataView(buffer, byteOffset, byteLength) {\n    anInstance(this, $DataView, DATA_VIEW);\n    anInstance(buffer, $ArrayBuffer, DATA_VIEW);\n    var bufferLength = buffer[$LENGTH];\n    var offset = toInteger(byteOffset);\n    if (offset < 0 || offset > bufferLength) throw RangeError('Wrong offset!');\n    byteLength = byteLength === undefined ? bufferLength - offset : toLength(byteLength);\n    if (offset + byteLength > bufferLength) throw RangeError(WRONG_LENGTH);\n    this[$BUFFER] = buffer;\n    this[$OFFSET] = offset;\n    this[$LENGTH] = byteLength;\n  };\n\n  if (DESCRIPTORS) {\n    addGetter($ArrayBuffer, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');\n    addGetter($DataView, BUFFER, '_b');\n    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_LENGTH, '_l');\n    addGetter($DataView, BYTE_OFFSET, '_o');\n  }\n\n  redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {\n    getInt8: function getInt8(byteOffset) {\n      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0] << 24 >> 24;\n    },\n    getUint8: function getUint8(byteOffset) {\n      return get(this, 1, byteOffset)[0];\n    },\n    getInt16: function getInt16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);\n      return (bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0]) << 16 >> 16;\n    },\n    getUint16: function getUint16(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      var bytes = get(this, 2, byteOffset, arguments[1]);\n      return bytes[1] << 8 | bytes[0];\n    },\n    getInt32: function getInt32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]));\n    },\n    getUint32: function getUint32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackI32(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1])) >>> 0;\n    },\n    getFloat32: function getFloat32(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 4, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 23, 4);\n    },\n    getFloat64: function getFloat64(byteOffset /* , littleEndian */) {\n      return unpackIEEE754(get(this, 8, byteOffset, arguments[1]), 52, 8);\n    },\n    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {\n      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);\n    },\n    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {\n      set(this, 1, byteOffset, packI8, value);\n    },\n    setInt16: function setInt16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setUint16: function setUint16(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 2, byteOffset, packI16, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setInt32: function setInt32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setUint32: function setUint32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packI32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setFloat32: function setFloat32(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 4, byteOffset, packF32, value, arguments[2]);\n    },\n    setFloat64: function setFloat64(byteOffset, value /* , littleEndian */) {\n      set(this, 8, byteOffset, packF64, value, arguments[2]);\n    }\n  });\n} else {\n  if (!fails(function () {\n    $ArrayBuffer(1);\n  }) || !fails(function () {\n    new $ArrayBuffer(-1); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n  }) || fails(function () {\n    new $ArrayBuffer(); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    new $ArrayBuffer(1.5); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    new $ArrayBuffer(NaN); // eslint-disable-line no-new\n    return $ArrayBuffer.name != ARRAY_BUFFER;\n  })) {\n    $ArrayBuffer = function ArrayBuffer(length) {\n      anInstance(this, $ArrayBuffer);\n      return new BaseBuffer(toIndex(length));\n    };\n    var ArrayBufferProto = $ArrayBuffer[PROTOTYPE] = BaseBuffer[PROTOTYPE];\n    for (var keys = gOPN(BaseBuffer), j = 0, key; keys.length > j;) {\n      if (!((key = keys[j++]) in $ArrayBuffer)) hide($ArrayBuffer, key, BaseBuffer[key]);\n    }\n    if (!LIBRARY) ArrayBufferProto.constructor = $ArrayBuffer;\n  }\n  // iOS Safari 7.x bug\n  var view = new $DataView(new $ArrayBuffer(2));\n  var $setInt8 = $DataView[PROTOTYPE].setInt8;\n  view.setInt8(0, 2147483648);\n  view.setInt8(1, 2147483649);\n  if (view.getInt8(0) || !view.getInt8(1)) redefineAll($DataView[PROTOTYPE], {\n    setInt8: function setInt8(byteOffset, value) {\n      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);\n    },\n    setUint8: function setUint8(byteOffset, value) {\n      $setInt8.call(this, byteOffset, value << 24 >> 24);\n    }\n  }, true);\n}\nsetToStringTag($ArrayBuffer, ARRAY_BUFFER);\nsetToStringTag($DataView, DATA_VIEW);\nhide($DataView[PROTOTYPE], $typed.VIEW, true);\nexports[ARRAY_BUFFER] = $ArrayBuffer;\nexports[DATA_VIEW] = $DataView;\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar TYPED = uid('typed_array');\nvar VIEW = uid('view');\nvar ABV = !!(global.ArrayBuffer && global.DataView);\nvar CONSTR = ABV;\nvar i = 0;\nvar l = 9;\nvar Typed;\n\nvar TypedArrayConstructors = (\n  'Int8Array,Uint8Array,Uint8ClampedArray,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array'\n).split(',');\n\nwhile (i < l) {\n  if (Typed = global[TypedArrayConstructors[i++]]) {\n    hide(Typed.prototype, TYPED, true);\n    hide(Typed.prototype, VIEW, true);\n  } else CONSTR = false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  ABV: ABV,\n  CONSTR: CONSTR,\n  TYPED: TYPED,\n  VIEW: VIEW\n};\n","var id = 0;\nvar px = Math.random();\nmodule.exports = function (key) {\n  return 'Symbol('.concat(key === undefined ? '' : key, ')_', (++id + px).toString(36));\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar navigator = global.navigator;\n\nmodule.exports = navigator && navigator.userAgent || '';\n","var isObject = require('./_is-object');\nmodule.exports = function (it, TYPE) {\n  if (!isObject(it) || it._t !== TYPE) throw TypeError('Incompatible receiver, ' + TYPE + ' required!');\n  return it;\n};\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar wksExt = require('./_wks-ext');\nvar defineProperty = require('./_object-dp').f;\nmodule.exports = function (name) {\n  var $Symbol = core.Symbol || (core.Symbol = LIBRARY ? {} : global.Symbol || {});\n  if (name.charAt(0) != '_' && !(name in $Symbol)) defineProperty($Symbol, name, { value: wksExt.f(name) });\n};\n","exports.f = require('./_wks');\n","var store = require('./_shared')('wks');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar Symbol = require('./_global').Symbol;\nvar USE_SYMBOL = typeof Symbol == 'function';\n\nvar $exports = module.exports = function (name) {\n  return store[name] || (store[name] =\n    USE_SYMBOL && Symbol[name] || (USE_SYMBOL ? Symbol : uid)('Symbol.' + name));\n};\n\n$exports.store = store;\n","var classof = require('./_classof');\nvar ITERATOR = require('./_wks')('iterator');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nmodule.exports = require('./_core').getIteratorMethod = function (it) {\n  if (it != undefined) return it[ITERATOR]\n    || it['@@iterator']\n    || Iterators[classof(it)];\n};\n","// https://github.com/benjamingr/RexExp.escape\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $re = require('./_replacer')(/[\\\\^$*+?.()|[\\]{}]/g, '\\\\$&');\n\n$export($export.S, 'RegExp', { escape: function escape(it) { return $re(it); } });\n","// 22.1.3.3 Array.prototype.copyWithin(target, start, end = this.length)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', { copyWithin: require('./_array-copy-within') });\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('copyWithin');\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $every = require('./_array-methods')(4);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].every, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.5 / 15.4.4.16 Array.prototype.every(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  every: function every(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $every(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","// 22.1.3.6 Array.prototype.fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', { fill: require('./_array-fill') });\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('fill');\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $filter = require('./_array-methods')(2);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].filter, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.7 / 15.4.4.20 Array.prototype.filter(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  filter: function filter(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $filter(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.9 Array.prototype.findIndex(predicate, thisArg = undefined)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $find = require('./_array-methods')(6);\nvar KEY = 'findIndex';\nvar forced = true;\n// Shouldn't skip holes\nif (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });\n$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {\n  findIndex: function findIndex(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')(KEY);\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.8 Array.prototype.find(predicate, thisArg = undefined)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $find = require('./_array-methods')(5);\nvar KEY = 'find';\nvar forced = true;\n// Shouldn't skip holes\nif (KEY in []) Array(1)[KEY](function () { forced = false; });\n$export($export.P + $export.F * forced, 'Array', {\n  find: function find(callbackfn /* , that = undefined */) {\n    return $find(this, callbackfn, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')(KEY);\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $forEach = require('./_array-methods')(0);\nvar STRICT = require('./_strict-method')([].forEach, true);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !STRICT, 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.10 / 15.4.4.18 Array.prototype.forEach(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  forEach: function forEach(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $forEach(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar call = require('./_iter-call');\nvar isArrayIter = require('./_is-array-iter');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\nvar getIterFn = require('./core.get-iterator-method');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_iter-detect')(function (iter) { Array.from(iter); }), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.2.1 Array.from(arrayLike, mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined)\n  from: function from(arrayLike /* , mapfn = undefined, thisArg = undefined */) {\n    var O = toObject(arrayLike);\n    var C = typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var mapfn = aLen > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var mapping = mapfn !== undefined;\n    var index = 0;\n    var iterFn = getIterFn(O);\n    var length, result, step, iterator;\n    if (mapping) mapfn = ctx(mapfn, aLen > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined, 2);\n    // if object isn't iterable or it's array with default iterator - use simple case\n    if (iterFn != undefined && !(C == Array && isArrayIter(iterFn))) {\n      for (iterator = iterFn.call(O), result = new C(); !(step = iterator.next()).done; index++) {\n        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? call(iterator, mapfn, [step.value, index], true) : step.value);\n      }\n    } else {\n      length = toLength(O.length);\n      for (result = new C(length); length > index; index++) {\n        createProperty(result, index, mapping ? mapfn(O[index], index) : O[index]);\n      }\n    }\n    result.length = index;\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $indexOf = require('./_array-includes')(false);\nvar $native = [].indexOf;\nvar NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].indexOf(1, -0) < 0;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !require('./_strict-method')($native)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.11 / 15.4.4.14 Array.prototype.indexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])\n  indexOf: function indexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {\n    return NEGATIVE_ZERO\n      // convert -0 to +0\n      ? $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0\n      : $indexOf(this, searchElement, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","// 22.1.2.2 / 15.4.3.2 Array.isArray(arg)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Array', { isArray: require('./_is-array') });\n","'use strict';\nvar addToUnscopables = require('./_add-to-unscopables');\nvar step = require('./_iter-step');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\n\n// 22.1.3.4 Array.prototype.entries()\n// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.keys()\n// 22.1.3.29 Array.prototype.values()\n// 22.1.3.30 Array.prototype[@@iterator]()\nmodule.exports = require('./_iter-define')(Array, 'Array', function (iterated, kind) {\n  this._t = toIObject(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                   // next index\n  this._k = kind;                // kind\n// 22.1.5.2.1 %ArrayIteratorPrototype%.next()\n}, function () {\n  var O = this._t;\n  var kind = this._k;\n  var index = this._i++;\n  if (!O || index >= O.length) {\n    this._t = undefined;\n    return step(1);\n  }\n  if (kind == 'keys') return step(0, index);\n  if (kind == 'values') return step(0, O[index]);\n  return step(0, [index, O[index]]);\n}, 'values');\n\n// argumentsList[@@iterator] is %ArrayProto_values% (9.4.4.6, 9.4.4.7)\nIterators.Arguments = Iterators.Array;\n\naddToUnscopables('keys');\naddToUnscopables('values');\naddToUnscopables('entries');\n","'use strict';\n// 22.1.3.13 Array.prototype.join(separator)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar arrayJoin = [].join;\n\n// fallback for not array-like strings\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (require('./_iobject') != Object || !require('./_strict-method')(arrayJoin)), 'Array', {\n  join: function join(separator) {\n    return arrayJoin.call(toIObject(this), separator === undefined ? ',' : separator);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar $native = [].lastIndexOf;\nvar NEGATIVE_ZERO = !!$native && 1 / [1].lastIndexOf(1, -0) < 0;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (NEGATIVE_ZERO || !require('./_strict-method')($native)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.14 / 15.4.4.15 Array.prototype.lastIndexOf(searchElement [, fromIndex])\n  lastIndexOf: function lastIndexOf(searchElement /* , fromIndex = @[*-1] */) {\n    // convert -0 to +0\n    if (NEGATIVE_ZERO) return $native.apply(this, arguments) || 0;\n    var O = toIObject(this);\n    var length = toLength(O.length);\n    var index = length - 1;\n    if (arguments.length > 1) index = Math.min(index, toInteger(arguments[1]));\n    if (index < 0) index = length + index;\n    for (;index >= 0; index--) if (index in O) if (O[index] === searchElement) return index || 0;\n    return -1;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $map = require('./_array-methods')(1);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].map, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.15 / 15.4.4.19 Array.prototype.map(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  map: function map(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $map(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\n\n// WebKit Array.of isn't generic\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  return !(Array.of.call(F) instanceof F);\n}), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.2.3 Array.of( ...items)\n  of: function of(/* ...args */) {\n    var index = 0;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var result = new (typeof this == 'function' ? this : Array)(aLen);\n    while (aLen > index) createProperty(result, index, arguments[index++]);\n    result.length = aLen;\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $reduce = require('./_array-reduce');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].reduceRight, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.19 / 15.4.4.22 Array.prototype.reduceRight(callbackfn [, initialValue])\n  reduceRight: function reduceRight(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {\n    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], true);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $reduce = require('./_array-reduce');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].reduce, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.18 / 15.4.4.21 Array.prototype.reduce(callbackfn [, initialValue])\n  reduce: function reduce(callbackfn /* , initialValue */) {\n    return $reduce(this, callbackfn, arguments.length, arguments[1], false);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar html = require('./_html');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar arraySlice = [].slice;\n\n// fallback for not array-like ES3 strings and DOM objects\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  if (html) arraySlice.call(html);\n}), 'Array', {\n  slice: function slice(begin, end) {\n    var len = toLength(this.length);\n    var klass = cof(this);\n    end = end === undefined ? len : end;\n    if (klass == 'Array') return arraySlice.call(this, begin, end);\n    var start = toAbsoluteIndex(begin, len);\n    var upTo = toAbsoluteIndex(end, len);\n    var size = toLength(upTo - start);\n    var cloned = new Array(size);\n    var i = 0;\n    for (; i < size; i++) cloned[i] = klass == 'String'\n      ? this.charAt(start + i)\n      : this[start + i];\n    return cloned;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $some = require('./_array-methods')(3);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * !require('./_strict-method')([].some, true), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.23 / 15.4.4.17 Array.prototype.some(callbackfn [, thisArg])\n  some: function some(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    return $some(this, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $sort = [].sort;\nvar test = [1, 2, 3];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (fails(function () {\n  // IE8-\n  test.sort(undefined);\n}) || !fails(function () {\n  // V8 bug\n  test.sort(null);\n  // Old WebKit\n}) || !require('./_strict-method')($sort)), 'Array', {\n  // 22.1.3.25 Array.prototype.sort(comparefn)\n  sort: function sort(comparefn) {\n    return comparefn === undefined\n      ? $sort.call(toObject(this))\n      : $sort.call(toObject(this), aFunction(comparefn));\n  }\n});\n","require('./_set-species')('Array');\n","// 20.3.3.1 / 15.9.4.4 Date.now()\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Date', { now: function () { return new Date().getTime(); } });\n","// 20.3.4.36 / 15.9.5.43 Date.prototype.toISOString()\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toISOString = require('./_date-to-iso-string');\n\n// PhantomJS / old WebKit has a broken implementations\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (Date.prototype.toISOString !== toISOString), 'Date', {\n  toISOString: toISOString\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return new Date(NaN).toJSON() !== null\n    || Date.prototype.toJSON.call({ toISOString: function () { return 1; } }) !== 1;\n}), 'Date', {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\n  toJSON: function toJSON(key) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var pv = toPrimitive(O);\n    return typeof pv == 'number' && !isFinite(pv) ? null : O.toISOString();\n  }\n});\n","var TO_PRIMITIVE = require('./_wks')('toPrimitive');\nvar proto = Date.prototype;\n\nif (!(TO_PRIMITIVE in proto)) require('./_hide')(proto, TO_PRIMITIVE, require('./_date-to-primitive'));\n","var DateProto = Date.prototype;\nvar INVALID_DATE = 'Invalid Date';\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar $toString = DateProto[TO_STRING];\nvar getTime = DateProto.getTime;\nif (new Date(NaN) + '' != INVALID_DATE) {\n  require('./_redefine')(DateProto, TO_STRING, function toString() {\n    var value = getTime.call(this);\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    return value === value ? $toString.call(this) : INVALID_DATE;\n  });\n}\n","// 19.2.3.2 / 15.3.4.5 Function.prototype.bind(thisArg, args...)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Function', { bind: require('./_bind') });\n","'use strict';\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar HAS_INSTANCE = require('./_wks')('hasInstance');\nvar FunctionProto = Function.prototype;\n// 19.2.3.6 Function.prototype[@@hasInstance](V)\nif (!(HAS_INSTANCE in FunctionProto)) require('./_object-dp').f(FunctionProto, HAS_INSTANCE, { value: function (O) {\n  if (typeof this != 'function' || !isObject(O)) return false;\n  if (!isObject(this.prototype)) return O instanceof this;\n  // for environment w/o native `@@hasInstance` logic enough `instanceof`, but add this:\n  while (O = getPrototypeOf(O)) if (this.prototype === O) return true;\n  return false;\n} });\n","var dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar FProto = Function.prototype;\nvar nameRE = /^\\s*function ([^ (]*)/;\nvar NAME = 'name';\n\n// 19.2.4.2 name\nNAME in FProto || require('./_descriptors') && dP(FProto, NAME, {\n  configurable: true,\n  get: function () {\n    try {\n      return ('' + this).match(nameRE)[1];\n    } catch (e) {\n      return '';\n    }\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar strong = require('./_collection-strong');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar MAP = 'Map';\n\n// 23.1 Map Objects\nmodule.exports = require('./_collection')(MAP, function (get) {\n  return function Map() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.1.3.6 Map.prototype.get(key)\n  get: function get(key) {\n    var entry = strong.getEntry(validate(this, MAP), key);\n    return entry && entry.v;\n  },\n  // 23.1.3.9 Map.prototype.set(key, value)\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    return strong.def(validate(this, MAP), key === 0 ? 0 : key, value);\n  }\n}, strong, true);\n","// 20.2.2.3 Math.acosh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar log1p = require('./_math-log1p');\nvar sqrt = Math.sqrt;\nvar $acosh = Math.acosh;\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($acosh\n  // V8 bug: https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3509\n  && Math.floor($acosh(Number.MAX_VALUE)) == 710\n  // Tor Browser bug: Math.acosh(Infinity) -> NaN\n  && $acosh(Infinity) == Infinity\n), 'Math', {\n  acosh: function acosh(x) {\n    return (x = +x) < 1 ? NaN : x > 94906265.62425156\n      ? Math.log(x) + Math.LN2\n      : log1p(x - 1 + sqrt(x - 1) * sqrt(x + 1));\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.5 Math.asinh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $asinh = Math.asinh;\n\nfunction asinh(x) {\n  return !isFinite(x = +x) || x == 0 ? x : x < 0 ? -asinh(-x) : Math.log(x + Math.sqrt(x * x + 1));\n}\n\n// Tor Browser bug: Math.asinh(0) -> -0\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($asinh && 1 / $asinh(0) > 0), 'Math', { asinh: asinh });\n","// 20.2.2.7 Math.atanh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $atanh = Math.atanh;\n\n// Tor Browser bug: Math.atanh(-0) -> 0\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !($atanh && 1 / $atanh(-0) < 0), 'Math', {\n  atanh: function atanh(x) {\n    return (x = +x) == 0 ? x : Math.log((1 + x) / (1 - x)) / 2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.9 Math.cbrt(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar sign = require('./_math-sign');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  cbrt: function cbrt(x) {\n    return sign(x = +x) * Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 1 / 3);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.11 Math.clz32(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  clz32: function clz32(x) {\n    return (x >>>= 0) ? 31 - Math.floor(Math.log(x + 0.5) * Math.LOG2E) : 32;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.12 Math.cosh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  cosh: function cosh(x) {\n    return (exp(x = +x) + exp(-x)) / 2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.14 Math.expm1(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * ($expm1 != Math.expm1), 'Math', { expm1: $expm1 });\n","// 20.2.2.16 Math.fround(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { fround: require('./_math-fround') });\n","// 20.2.2.17 Math.hypot([value1[, value2[, … ]]])\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar abs = Math.abs;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  hypot: function hypot(value1, value2) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var sum = 0;\n    var i = 0;\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var larg = 0;\n    var arg, div;\n    while (i < aLen) {\n      arg = abs(arguments[i++]);\n      if (larg < arg) {\n        div = larg / arg;\n        sum = sum * div * div + 1;\n        larg = arg;\n      } else if (arg > 0) {\n        div = arg / larg;\n        sum += div * div;\n      } else sum += arg;\n    }\n    return larg === Infinity ? Infinity : larg * Math.sqrt(sum);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.18 Math.imul(x, y)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $imul = Math.imul;\n\n// some WebKit versions fails with big numbers, some has wrong arity\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return $imul(0xffffffff, 5) != -5 || $imul.length != 2;\n}), 'Math', {\n  imul: function imul(x, y) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var xn = +x;\n    var yn = +y;\n    var xl = UINT16 & xn;\n    var yl = UINT16 & yn;\n    return 0 | xl * yl + ((UINT16 & xn >>> 16) * yl + xl * (UINT16 & yn >>> 16) << 16 >>> 0);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.21 Math.log10(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  log10: function log10(x) {\n    return Math.log(x) * Math.LOG10E;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.20 Math.log1p(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { log1p: require('./_math-log1p') });\n","// 20.2.2.22 Math.log2(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  log2: function log2(x) {\n    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.28 Math.sign(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { sign: require('./_math-sign') });\n","// 20.2.2.30 Math.sinh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n// V8 near Chromium 38 has a problem with very small numbers\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return !Math.sinh(-2e-17) != -2e-17;\n}), 'Math', {\n  sinh: function sinh(x) {\n    return Math.abs(x = +x) < 1\n      ? (expm1(x) - expm1(-x)) / 2\n      : (exp(x - 1) - exp(-x - 1)) * (Math.E / 2);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.33 Math.tanh(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar expm1 = require('./_math-expm1');\nvar exp = Math.exp;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  tanh: function tanh(x) {\n    var a = expm1(x = +x);\n    var b = expm1(-x);\n    return a == Infinity ? 1 : b == Infinity ? -1 : (a - b) / (exp(x) + exp(-x));\n  }\n});\n","// 20.2.2.34 Math.trunc(x)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  trunc: function trunc(it) {\n    return (it > 0 ? Math.floor : Math.ceil)(it);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd').f;\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar $trim = require('./_string-trim').trim;\nvar NUMBER = 'Number';\nvar $Number = global[NUMBER];\nvar Base = $Number;\nvar proto = $Number.prototype;\n// Opera ~12 has broken Object#toString\nvar BROKEN_COF = cof(require('./_object-create')(proto)) == NUMBER;\nvar TRIM = 'trim' in String.prototype;\n\n// 7.1.3 ToNumber(argument)\nvar toNumber = function (argument) {\n  var it = toPrimitive(argument, false);\n  if (typeof it == 'string' && it.length > 2) {\n    it = TRIM ? it.trim() : $trim(it, 3);\n    var first = it.charCodeAt(0);\n    var third, radix, maxCode;\n    if (first === 43 || first === 45) {\n      third = it.charCodeAt(2);\n      if (third === 88 || third === 120) return NaN; // Number('+0x1') should be NaN, old V8 fix\n    } else if (first === 48) {\n      switch (it.charCodeAt(1)) {\n        case 66: case 98: radix = 2; maxCode = 49; break; // fast equal /^0b[01]+$/i\n        case 79: case 111: radix = 8; maxCode = 55; break; // fast equal /^0o[0-7]+$/i\n        default: return +it;\n      }\n      for (var digits = it.slice(2), i = 0, l = digits.length, code; i < l; i++) {\n        code = digits.charCodeAt(i);\n        // parseInt parses a string to a first unavailable symbol\n        // but ToNumber should return NaN if a string contains unavailable symbols\n        if (code < 48 || code > maxCode) return NaN;\n      } return parseInt(digits, radix);\n    }\n  } return +it;\n};\n\nif (!$Number(' 0o1') || !$Number('0b1') || $Number('+0x1')) {\n  $Number = function Number(value) {\n    var it = arguments.length < 1 ? 0 : value;\n    var that = this;\n    return that instanceof $Number\n      // check on 1..constructor(foo) case\n      && (BROKEN_COF ? fails(function () { proto.valueOf.call(that); }) : cof(that) != NUMBER)\n        ? inheritIfRequired(new Base(toNumber(it)), that, $Number) : toNumber(it);\n  };\n  for (var keys = require('./_descriptors') ? gOPN(Base) : (\n    // ES3:\n    'MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,NEGATIVE_INFINITY,POSITIVE_INFINITY,' +\n    // ES6 (in case, if modules with ES6 Number statics required before):\n    'EPSILON,isFinite,isInteger,isNaN,isSafeInteger,MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,' +\n    'MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,parseFloat,parseInt,isInteger'\n  ).split(','), j = 0, key; keys.length > j; j++) {\n    if (has(Base, key = keys[j]) && !has($Number, key)) {\n      dP($Number, key, gOPD(Base, key));\n    }\n  }\n  $Number.prototype = proto;\n  proto.constructor = $Number;\n  require('./_redefine')(global, NUMBER, $Number);\n}\n","// 20.1.2.1 Number.EPSILON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { EPSILON: Math.pow(2, -52) });\n","// 20.1.2.2 Number.isFinite(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar _isFinite = require('./_global').isFinite;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isFinite: function isFinite(it) {\n    return typeof it == 'number' && _isFinite(it);\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.3 Number.isInteger(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { isInteger: require('./_is-integer') });\n","// 20.1.2.4 Number.isNaN(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isNaN: function isNaN(number) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    return number != number;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.5 Number.isSafeInteger(number)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isInteger = require('./_is-integer');\nvar abs = Math.abs;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', {\n  isSafeInteger: function isSafeInteger(number) {\n    return isInteger(number) && abs(number) <= 0x1fffffffffffff;\n  }\n});\n","// 20.1.2.6 Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { MAX_SAFE_INTEGER: 0x1fffffffffffff });\n","// 20.1.2.10 Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Number', { MIN_SAFE_INTEGER: -0x1fffffffffffff });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseFloat = require('./_parse-float');\n// 20.1.2.12 Number.parseFloat(string)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseFloat != $parseFloat), 'Number', { parseFloat: $parseFloat });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseInt = require('./_parse-int');\n// 20.1.2.13 Number.parseInt(string, radix)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (Number.parseInt != $parseInt), 'Number', { parseInt: $parseInt });\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar aNumberValue = require('./_a-number-value');\nvar repeat = require('./_string-repeat');\nvar $toFixed = 1.0.toFixed;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar data = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];\nvar ERROR = 'Number.toFixed: incorrect invocation!';\nvar ZERO = '0';\n\nvar multiply = function (n, c) {\n  var i = -1;\n  var c2 = c;\n  while (++i < 6) {\n    c2 += n * data[i];\n    data[i] = c2 % 1e7;\n    c2 = floor(c2 / 1e7);\n  }\n};\nvar divide = function (n) {\n  var i = 6;\n  var c = 0;\n  while (--i >= 0) {\n    c += data[i];\n    data[i] = floor(c / n);\n    c = (c % n) * 1e7;\n  }\n};\nvar numToString = function () {\n  var i = 6;\n  var s = '';\n  while (--i >= 0) {\n    if (s !== '' || i === 0 || data[i] !== 0) {\n      var t = String(data[i]);\n      s = s === '' ? t : s + repeat.call(ZERO, 7 - t.length) + t;\n    }\n  } return s;\n};\nvar pow = function (x, n, acc) {\n  return n === 0 ? acc : n % 2 === 1 ? pow(x, n - 1, acc * x) : pow(x * x, n / 2, acc);\n};\nvar log = function (x) {\n  var n = 0;\n  var x2 = x;\n  while (x2 >= 4096) {\n    n += 12;\n    x2 /= 4096;\n  }\n  while (x2 >= 2) {\n    n += 1;\n    x2 /= 2;\n  } return n;\n};\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * (!!$toFixed && (\n  0.00008.toFixed(3) !== '0.000' ||\n  0.9.toFixed(0) !== '1' ||\n  1.255.toFixed(2) !== '1.25' ||\n  1000000000000000128.0.toFixed(0) !== '1000000000000000128'\n) || !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-\n  $toFixed.call({});\n})), 'Number', {\n  toFixed: function toFixed(fractionDigits) {\n    var x = aNumberValue(this, ERROR);\n    var f = toInteger(fractionDigits);\n    var s = '';\n    var m = ZERO;\n    var e, z, j, k;\n    if (f < 0 || f > 20) throw RangeError(ERROR);\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n    if (x != x) return 'NaN';\n    if (x <= -1e21 || x >= 1e21) return String(x);\n    if (x < 0) {\n      s = '-';\n      x = -x;\n    }\n    if (x > 1e-21) {\n      e = log(x * pow(2, 69, 1)) - 69;\n      z = e < 0 ? x * pow(2, -e, 1) : x / pow(2, e, 1);\n      z *= 0x10000000000000;\n      e = 52 - e;\n      if (e > 0) {\n        multiply(0, z);\n        j = f;\n        while (j >= 7) {\n          multiply(1e7, 0);\n          j -= 7;\n        }\n        multiply(pow(10, j, 1), 0);\n        j = e - 1;\n        while (j >= 23) {\n          divide(1 << 23);\n          j -= 23;\n        }\n        divide(1 << j);\n        multiply(1, 1);\n        divide(2);\n        m = numToString();\n      } else {\n        multiply(0, z);\n        multiply(1 << -e, 0);\n        m = numToString() + repeat.call(ZERO, f);\n      }\n    }\n    if (f > 0) {\n      k = m.length;\n      m = s + (k <= f ? '0.' + repeat.call(ZERO, f - k) + m : m.slice(0, k - f) + '.' + m.slice(k - f));\n    } else {\n      m = s + m;\n    } return m;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\nvar aNumberValue = require('./_a-number-value');\nvar $toPrecision = 1.0.toPrecision;\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * ($fails(function () {\n  // IE7-\n  return $toPrecision.call(1, undefined) !== '1';\n}) || !$fails(function () {\n  // V8 ~ Android 4.3-\n  $toPrecision.call({});\n})), 'Number', {\n  toPrecision: function toPrecision(precision) {\n    var that = aNumberValue(this, 'Number#toPrecision: incorrect invocation!');\n    return precision === undefined ? $toPrecision.call(that) : $toPrecision.call(that, precision);\n  }\n});\n","// 19.1.3.1 Object.assign(target, source)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F, 'Object', { assign: require('./_object-assign') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.2 / 15.2.3.5 Object.create(O [, Properties])\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { create: require('./_object-create') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.3 / 15.2.3.7 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_descriptors'), 'Object', { defineProperties: require('./_object-dps') });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n// 19.1.2.4 / 15.2.3.6 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_descriptors'), 'Object', { defineProperty: require('./_object-dp').f });\n","// 19.1.2.5 Object.freeze(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('freeze', function ($freeze) {\n  return function freeze(it) {\n    return $freeze && isObject(it) ? $freeze(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getOwnPropertyDescriptor', function () {\n  return function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {\n    return $getOwnPropertyDescriptor(toIObject(it), key);\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getOwnPropertyNames', function () {\n  return require('./_object-gopn-ext').f;\n});\n","// 19.1.2.9 Object.getPrototypeOf(O)\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar $getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('getPrototypeOf', function () {\n  return function getPrototypeOf(it) {\n    return $getPrototypeOf(toObject(it));\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.11 Object.isExtensible(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isExtensible', function ($isExtensible) {\n  return function isExtensible(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(it) : true : false;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.12 Object.isFrozen(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isFrozen', function ($isFrozen) {\n  return function isFrozen(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isFrozen ? $isFrozen(it) : false : true;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.13 Object.isSealed(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('isSealed', function ($isSealed) {\n  return function isSealed(it) {\n    return isObject(it) ? $isSealed ? $isSealed(it) : false : true;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.3.10 Object.is(value1, value2)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { is: require('./_same-value') });\n","// 19.1.2.14 Object.keys(O)\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys');\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('keys', function () {\n  return function keys(it) {\n    return $keys(toObject(it));\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.15 Object.preventExtensions(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('preventExtensions', function ($preventExtensions) {\n  return function preventExtensions(it) {\n    return $preventExtensions && isObject(it) ? $preventExtensions(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.2.17 Object.seal(O)\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar meta = require('./_meta').onFreeze;\n\nrequire('./_object-sap')('seal', function ($seal) {\n  return function seal(it) {\n    return $seal && isObject(it) ? $seal(meta(it)) : it;\n  };\n});\n","// 19.1.3.19 Object.setPrototypeOf(O, proto)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.S, 'Object', { setPrototypeOf: require('./_set-proto').set });\n","'use strict';\n// 19.1.3.6 Object.prototype.toString()\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar test = {};\ntest[require('./_wks')('toStringTag')] = 'z';\nif (test + '' != '[object z]') {\n  require('./_redefine')(Object.prototype, 'toString', function toString() {\n    return '[object ' + classof(this) + ']';\n  }, true);\n}\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseFloat = require('./_parse-float');\n// 18.2.4 parseFloat(string)\n$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseFloat != $parseFloat), { parseFloat: $parseFloat });\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $parseInt = require('./_parse-int');\n// 18.2.5 parseInt(string, radix)\n$export($export.G + $export.F * (parseInt != $parseInt), { parseInt: $parseInt });\n","'use strict';\nvar LIBRARY = require('./_library');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar ctx = require('./_ctx');\nvar classof = require('./_classof');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar task = require('./_task').set;\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar newPromiseCapabilityModule = require('./_new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('./_perform');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\nvar promiseResolve = require('./_promise-resolve');\nvar PROMISE = 'Promise';\nvar TypeError = global.TypeError;\nvar process = global.process;\nvar versions = process && process.versions;\nvar v8 = versions && versions.v8 || '';\nvar $Promise = global[PROMISE];\nvar isNode = classof(process) == 'process';\nvar empty = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar Internal, newGenericPromiseCapability, OwnPromiseCapability, Wrapper;\nvar newPromiseCapability = newGenericPromiseCapability = newPromiseCapabilityModule.f;\n\nvar USE_NATIVE = !!function () {\n  try {\n    // correct subclassing with @@species support\n    var promise = $Promise.resolve(1);\n    var FakePromise = (promise.constructor = {})[require('./_wks')('species')] = function (exec) {\n      exec(empty, empty);\n    };\n    // unhandled rejections tracking support, NodeJS Promise without it fails @@species test\n    return (isNode || typeof PromiseRejectionEvent == 'function')\n      && promise.then(empty) instanceof FakePromise\n      // v8 6.6 (Node 10 and Chrome 66) have a bug with resolving custom thenables\n      // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=830565\n      // we can't detect it synchronously, so just check versions\n      && v8.indexOf('6.6') !== 0\n      && userAgent.indexOf('Chrome/66') === -1;\n  } catch (e) { /* empty */ }\n}();\n\n// helpers\nvar isThenable = function (it) {\n  var then;\n  return isObject(it) && typeof (then = it.then) == 'function' ? then : false;\n};\nvar notify = function (promise, isReject) {\n  if (promise._n) return;\n  promise._n = true;\n  var chain = promise._c;\n  microtask(function () {\n    var value = promise._v;\n    var ok = promise._s == 1;\n    var i = 0;\n    var run = function (reaction) {\n      var handler = ok ? reaction.ok : reaction.fail;\n      var resolve = reaction.resolve;\n      var reject = reaction.reject;\n      var domain = reaction.domain;\n      var result, then, exited;\n      try {\n        if (handler) {\n          if (!ok) {\n            if (promise._h == 2) onHandleUnhandled(promise);\n            promise._h = 1;\n          }\n          if (handler === true) result = value;\n          else {\n            if (domain) domain.enter();\n            result = handler(value); // may throw\n            if (domain) {\n              domain.exit();\n              exited = true;\n            }\n          }\n          if (result === reaction.promise) {\n            reject(TypeError('Promise-chain cycle'));\n          } else if (then = isThenable(result)) {\n            then.call(result, resolve, reject);\n          } else resolve(result);\n        } else reject(value);\n      } catch (e) {\n        if (domain && !exited) domain.exit();\n        reject(e);\n      }\n    };\n    while (chain.length > i) run(chain[i++]); // variable length - can't use forEach\n    promise._c = [];\n    promise._n = false;\n    if (isReject && !promise._h) onUnhandled(promise);\n  });\n};\nvar onUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  task.call(global, function () {\n    var value = promise._v;\n    var unhandled = isUnhandled(promise);\n    var result, handler, console;\n    if (unhandled) {\n      result = perform(function () {\n        if (isNode) {\n          process.emit('unhandledRejection', value, promise);\n        } else if (handler = global.onunhandledrejection) {\n          handler({ promise: promise, reason: value });\n        } else if ((console = global.console) && console.error) {\n          console.error('Unhandled promise rejection', value);\n        }\n      });\n      // Browsers should not trigger `rejectionHandled` event if it was handled here, NodeJS - should\n      promise._h = isNode || isUnhandled(promise) ? 2 : 1;\n    } promise._a = undefined;\n    if (unhandled && result.e) throw result.v;\n  });\n};\nvar isUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  return promise._h !== 1 && (promise._a || promise._c).length === 0;\n};\nvar onHandleUnhandled = function (promise) {\n  task.call(global, function () {\n    var handler;\n    if (isNode) {\n      process.emit('rejectionHandled', promise);\n    } else if (handler = global.onrejectionhandled) {\n      handler({ promise: promise, reason: promise._v });\n    }\n  });\n};\nvar $reject = function (value) {\n  var promise = this;\n  if (promise._d) return;\n  promise._d = true;\n  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap\n  promise._v = value;\n  promise._s = 2;\n  if (!promise._a) promise._a = promise._c.slice();\n  notify(promise, true);\n};\nvar $resolve = function (value) {\n  var promise = this;\n  var then;\n  if (promise._d) return;\n  promise._d = true;\n  promise = promise._w || promise; // unwrap\n  try {\n    if (promise === value) throw TypeError(\"Promise can't be resolved itself\");\n    if (then = isThenable(value)) {\n      microtask(function () {\n        var wrapper = { _w: promise, _d: false }; // wrap\n        try {\n          then.call(value, ctx($resolve, wrapper, 1), ctx($reject, wrapper, 1));\n        } catch (e) {\n          $reject.call(wrapper, e);\n        }\n      });\n    } else {\n      promise._v = value;\n      promise._s = 1;\n      notify(promise, false);\n    }\n  } catch (e) {\n    $reject.call({ _w: promise, _d: false }, e); // wrap\n  }\n};\n\n// constructor polyfill\nif (!USE_NATIVE) {\n  // 25.4.3.1 Promise(executor)\n  $Promise = function Promise(executor) {\n    anInstance(this, $Promise, PROMISE, '_h');\n    aFunction(executor);\n    Internal.call(this);\n    try {\n      executor(ctx($resolve, this, 1), ctx($reject, this, 1));\n    } catch (err) {\n      $reject.call(this, err);\n    }\n  };\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\n  Internal = function Promise(executor) {\n    this._c = [];             // <- awaiting reactions\n    this._a = undefined;      // <- checked in isUnhandled reactions\n    this._s = 0;              // <- state\n    this._d = false;          // <- done\n    this._v = undefined;      // <- value\n    this._h = 0;              // <- rejection state, 0 - default, 1 - handled, 2 - unhandled\n    this._n = false;          // <- notify\n  };\n  Internal.prototype = require('./_redefine-all')($Promise.prototype, {\n    // 25.4.5.3 Promise.prototype.then(onFulfilled, onRejected)\n    then: function then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {\n      var reaction = newPromiseCapability(speciesConstructor(this, $Promise));\n      reaction.ok = typeof onFulfilled == 'function' ? onFulfilled : true;\n      reaction.fail = typeof onRejected == 'function' && onRejected;\n      reaction.domain = isNode ? process.domain : undefined;\n      this._c.push(reaction);\n      if (this._a) this._a.push(reaction);\n      if (this._s) notify(this, false);\n      return reaction.promise;\n    },\n    // 25.4.5.1 Promise.prototype.catch(onRejected)\n    'catch': function (onRejected) {\n      return this.then(undefined, onRejected);\n    }\n  });\n  OwnPromiseCapability = function () {\n    var promise = new Internal();\n    this.promise = promise;\n    this.resolve = ctx($resolve, promise, 1);\n    this.reject = ctx($reject, promise, 1);\n  };\n  newPromiseCapabilityModule.f = newPromiseCapability = function (C) {\n    return C === $Promise || C === Wrapper\n      ? new OwnPromiseCapability(C)\n      : newGenericPromiseCapability(C);\n  };\n}\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Promise: $Promise });\nrequire('./_set-to-string-tag')($Promise, PROMISE);\nrequire('./_set-species')(PROMISE);\nWrapper = require('./_core')[PROMISE];\n\n// statics\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.5 Promise.reject(r)\n  reject: function reject(r) {\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(this);\n    var $$reject = capability.reject;\n    $$reject(r);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (LIBRARY || !USE_NATIVE), PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.6 Promise.resolve(x)\n  resolve: function resolve(x) {\n    return promiseResolve(LIBRARY && this === Wrapper ? $Promise : this, x);\n  }\n});\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !(USE_NATIVE && require('./_iter-detect')(function (iter) {\n  $Promise.all(iter)['catch'](empty);\n})), PROMISE, {\n  // 25.4.4.1 Promise.all(iterable)\n  all: function all(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);\n    var resolve = capability.resolve;\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      var values = [];\n      var index = 0;\n      var remaining = 1;\n      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {\n        var $index = index++;\n        var alreadyCalled = false;\n        values.push(undefined);\n        remaining++;\n        C.resolve(promise).then(function (value) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[$index] = value;\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        }, reject);\n      });\n      --remaining || resolve(values);\n    });\n    if (result.e) reject(result.v);\n    return capability.promise;\n  },\n  // 25.4.4.4 Promise.race(iterable)\n  race: function race(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapability(C);\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      forOf(iterable, false, function (promise) {\n        C.resolve(promise).then(capability.resolve, reject);\n      });\n    });\n    if (result.e) reject(result.v);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.1 Reflect.apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar rApply = (require('./_global').Reflect || {}).apply;\nvar fApply = Function.apply;\n// MS Edge argumentsList argument is optional\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !require('./_fails')(function () {\n  rApply(function () { /* empty */ });\n}), 'Reflect', {\n  apply: function apply(target, thisArgument, argumentsList) {\n    var T = aFunction(target);\n    var L = anObject(argumentsList);\n    return rApply ? rApply(T, thisArgument, L) : fApply.call(T, thisArgument, L);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.2 Reflect.construct(target, argumentsList [, newTarget])\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar create = require('./_object-create');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar bind = require('./_bind');\nvar rConstruct = (require('./_global').Reflect || {}).construct;\n\n// MS Edge supports only 2 arguments and argumentsList argument is optional\n// FF Nightly sets third argument as `new.target`, but does not create `this` from it\nvar NEW_TARGET_BUG = fails(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  return !(rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ }, [], F) instanceof F);\n});\nvar ARGS_BUG = !fails(function () {\n  rConstruct(function () { /* empty */ });\n});\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (NEW_TARGET_BUG || ARGS_BUG), 'Reflect', {\n  construct: function construct(Target, args /* , newTarget */) {\n    aFunction(Target);\n    anObject(args);\n    var newTarget = arguments.length < 3 ? Target : aFunction(arguments[2]);\n    if (ARGS_BUG && !NEW_TARGET_BUG) return rConstruct(Target, args, newTarget);\n    if (Target == newTarget) {\n      // w/o altered newTarget, optimization for 0-4 arguments\n      switch (args.length) {\n        case 0: return new Target();\n        case 1: return new Target(args[0]);\n        case 2: return new Target(args[0], args[1]);\n        case 3: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n        case 4: return new Target(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);\n      }\n      // w/o altered newTarget, lot of arguments case\n      var $args = [null];\n      $args.push.apply($args, args);\n      return new (bind.apply(Target, $args))();\n    }\n    // with altered newTarget, not support built-in constructors\n    var proto = newTarget.prototype;\n    var instance = create(isObject(proto) ? proto : Object.prototype);\n    var result = Function.apply.call(Target, instance, args);\n    return isObject(result) ? result : instance;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.3 Reflect.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes)\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\n\n// MS Edge has broken Reflect.defineProperty - throwing instead of returning false\n$export($export.S + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undef\n  Reflect.defineProperty(dP.f({}, 1, { value: 1 }), 1, { value: 2 });\n}), 'Reflect', {\n  defineProperty: function defineProperty(target, propertyKey, attributes) {\n    anObject(target);\n    propertyKey = toPrimitive(propertyKey, true);\n    anObject(attributes);\n    try {\n      dP.f(target, propertyKey, attributes);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.4 Reflect.deleteProperty(target, propertyKey)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd').f;\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  deleteProperty: function deleteProperty(target, propertyKey) {\n    var desc = gOPD(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n    return desc && !desc.configurable ? false : delete target[propertyKey];\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 26.1.5 Reflect.enumerate(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar Enumerate = function (iterated) {\n  this._t = anObject(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                  // next index\n  var keys = this._k = [];      // keys\n  var key;\n  for (key in iterated) keys.push(key);\n};\nrequire('./_iter-create')(Enumerate, 'Object', function () {\n  var that = this;\n  var keys = that._k;\n  var key;\n  do {\n    if (that._i >= keys.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  } while (!((key = keys[that._i++]) in that._t));\n  return { value: key, done: false };\n});\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  enumerate: function enumerate(target) {\n    return new Enumerate(target);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.7 Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey)\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, propertyKey) {\n    return gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.8 Reflect.getPrototypeOf(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar getProto = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  getPrototypeOf: function getPrototypeOf(target) {\n    return getProto(anObject(target));\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.6 Reflect.get(target, propertyKey [, receiver])\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\n\nfunction get(target, propertyKey /* , receiver */) {\n  var receiver = arguments.length < 3 ? target : arguments[2];\n  var desc, proto;\n  if (anObject(target) === receiver) return target[propertyKey];\n  if (desc = gOPD.f(target, propertyKey)) return has(desc, 'value')\n    ? desc.value\n    : desc.get !== undefined\n      ? desc.get.call(receiver)\n      : undefined;\n  if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) return get(proto, propertyKey, receiver);\n}\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { get: get });\n","// 26.1.9 Reflect.has(target, propertyKey)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  has: function has(target, propertyKey) {\n    return propertyKey in target;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.10 Reflect.isExtensible(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  isExtensible: function isExtensible(target) {\n    anObject(target);\n    return $isExtensible ? $isExtensible(target) : true;\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.11 Reflect.ownKeys(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { ownKeys: require('./_own-keys') });\n","// 26.1.12 Reflect.preventExtensions(target)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $preventExtensions = Object.preventExtensions;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  preventExtensions: function preventExtensions(target) {\n    anObject(target);\n    try {\n      if ($preventExtensions) $preventExtensions(target);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.14 Reflect.setPrototypeOf(target, proto)\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar setProto = require('./_set-proto');\n\nif (setProto) $export($export.S, 'Reflect', {\n  setPrototypeOf: function setPrototypeOf(target, proto) {\n    setProto.check(target, proto);\n    try {\n      setProto.set(target, proto);\n      return true;\n    } catch (e) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n});\n","// 26.1.13 Reflect.set(target, propertyKey, V [, receiver])\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\n\nfunction set(target, propertyKey, V /* , receiver */) {\n  var receiver = arguments.length < 4 ? target : arguments[3];\n  var ownDesc = gOPD.f(anObject(target), propertyKey);\n  var existingDescriptor, proto;\n  if (!ownDesc) {\n    if (isObject(proto = getPrototypeOf(target))) {\n      return set(proto, propertyKey, V, receiver);\n    }\n    ownDesc = createDesc(0);\n  }\n  if (has(ownDesc, 'value')) {\n    if (ownDesc.writable === false || !isObject(receiver)) return false;\n    if (existingDescriptor = gOPD.f(receiver, propertyKey)) {\n      if (existingDescriptor.get || existingDescriptor.set || existingDescriptor.writable === false) return false;\n      existingDescriptor.value = V;\n      dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, existingDescriptor);\n    } else dP.f(receiver, propertyKey, createDesc(0, V));\n    return true;\n  }\n  return ownDesc.set === undefined ? false : (ownDesc.set.call(receiver, V), true);\n}\n\n$export($export.S, 'Reflect', { set: set });\n","var global = require('./_global');\nvar inheritIfRequired = require('./_inherit-if-required');\nvar dP = require('./_object-dp').f;\nvar gOPN = require('./_object-gopn').f;\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar $flags = require('./_flags');\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\nvar Base = $RegExp;\nvar proto = $RegExp.prototype;\nvar re1 = /a/g;\nvar re2 = /a/g;\n// \"new\" creates a new object, old webkit buggy here\nvar CORRECT_NEW = new $RegExp(re1) !== re1;\n\nif (require('./_descriptors') && (!CORRECT_NEW || require('./_fails')(function () {\n  re2[require('./_wks')('match')] = false;\n  // RegExp constructor can alter flags and IsRegExp works correct with @@match\n  return $RegExp(re1) != re1 || $RegExp(re2) == re2 || $RegExp(re1, 'i') != '/a/i';\n}))) {\n  $RegExp = function RegExp(p, f) {\n    var tiRE = this instanceof $RegExp;\n    var piRE = isRegExp(p);\n    var fiU = f === undefined;\n    return !tiRE && piRE && p.constructor === $RegExp && fiU ? p\n      : inheritIfRequired(CORRECT_NEW\n        ? new Base(piRE && !fiU ? p.source : p, f)\n        : Base((piRE = p instanceof $RegExp) ? p.source : p, piRE && fiU ? $flags.call(p) : f)\n      , tiRE ? this : proto, $RegExp);\n  };\n  var proxy = function (key) {\n    key in $RegExp || dP($RegExp, key, {\n      configurable: true,\n      get: function () { return Base[key]; },\n      set: function (it) { Base[key] = it; }\n    });\n  };\n  for (var keys = gOPN(Base), i = 0; keys.length > i;) proxy(keys[i++]);\n  proto.constructor = $RegExp;\n  $RegExp.prototype = proto;\n  require('./_redefine')(global, 'RegExp', $RegExp);\n}\n\nrequire('./_set-species')('RegExp');\n","'use strict';\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\nrequire('./_export')({\n  target: 'RegExp',\n  proto: true,\n  forced: regexpExec !== /./.exec\n}, {\n  exec: regexpExec\n});\n","// 21.2.5.3 get RegExp.prototype.flags()\nif (require('./_descriptors') && /./g.flags != 'g') require('./_object-dp').f(RegExp.prototype, 'flags', {\n  configurable: true,\n  get: require('./_flags')\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\n\n// @@match logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('match', 1, function (defined, MATCH, $match, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.match` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.match\n    function match(regexp) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[MATCH];\n      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[MATCH](String(O));\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@match]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@match\n    function (regexp) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($match, regexp, this);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      if (!rx.global) return regExpExec(rx, S);\n      var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;\n      rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      var A = [];\n      var n = 0;\n      var result;\n      while ((result = regExpExec(rx, S)) !== null) {\n        var matchStr = String(result[0]);\n        A[n] = matchStr;\n        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);\n        n++;\n      }\n      return n === 0 ? null : A;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar max = Math.max;\nvar min = Math.min;\nvar floor = Math.floor;\nvar SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS = /\\$([$&`']|\\d\\d?|<[^>]*>)/g;\nvar SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED = /\\$([$&`']|\\d\\d?)/g;\n\nvar maybeToString = function (it) {\n  return it === undefined ? it : String(it);\n};\n\n// @@replace logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('replace', 2, function (defined, REPLACE, $replace, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.replace` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.replace\n    function replace(searchValue, replaceValue) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = searchValue == undefined ? undefined : searchValue[REPLACE];\n      return fn !== undefined\n        ? fn.call(searchValue, O, replaceValue)\n        : $replace.call(String(O), searchValue, replaceValue);\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@replace]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@replace\n    function (regexp, replaceValue) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($replace, regexp, this, replaceValue);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var functionalReplace = typeof replaceValue === 'function';\n      if (!functionalReplace) replaceValue = String(replaceValue);\n      var global = rx.global;\n      if (global) {\n        var fullUnicode = rx.unicode;\n        rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      }\n      var results = [];\n      while (true) {\n        var result = regExpExec(rx, S);\n        if (result === null) break;\n        results.push(result);\n        if (!global) break;\n        var matchStr = String(result[0]);\n        if (matchStr === '') rx.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(rx.lastIndex), fullUnicode);\n      }\n      var accumulatedResult = '';\n      var nextSourcePosition = 0;\n      for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {\n        result = results[i];\n        var matched = String(result[0]);\n        var position = max(min(toInteger(result.index), S.length), 0);\n        var captures = [];\n        // NOTE: This is equivalent to\n        //   captures = result.slice(1).map(maybeToString)\n        // but for some reason `nativeSlice.call(result, 1, result.length)` (called in\n        // the slice polyfill when slicing native arrays) \"doesn't work\" in safari 9 and\n        // causes a crash (https://pastebin.com/N21QzeQA) when trying to debug it.\n        for (var j = 1; j < result.length; j++) captures.push(maybeToString(result[j]));\n        var namedCaptures = result.groups;\n        if (functionalReplace) {\n          var replacerArgs = [matched].concat(captures, position, S);\n          if (namedCaptures !== undefined) replacerArgs.push(namedCaptures);\n          var replacement = String(replaceValue.apply(undefined, replacerArgs));\n        } else {\n          replacement = getSubstitution(matched, S, position, captures, namedCaptures, replaceValue);\n        }\n        if (position >= nextSourcePosition) {\n          accumulatedResult += S.slice(nextSourcePosition, position) + replacement;\n          nextSourcePosition = position + matched.length;\n        }\n      }\n      return accumulatedResult + S.slice(nextSourcePosition);\n    }\n  ];\n\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-getsubstitution\n  function getSubstitution(matched, str, position, captures, namedCaptures, replacement) {\n    var tailPos = position + matched.length;\n    var m = captures.length;\n    var symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS_NO_NAMED;\n    if (namedCaptures !== undefined) {\n      namedCaptures = toObject(namedCaptures);\n      symbols = SUBSTITUTION_SYMBOLS;\n    }\n    return $replace.call(replacement, symbols, function (match, ch) {\n      var capture;\n      switch (ch.charAt(0)) {\n        case '$': return '$';\n        case '&': return matched;\n        case '`': return str.slice(0, position);\n        case \"'\": return str.slice(tailPos);\n        case '<':\n          capture = namedCaptures[ch.slice(1, -1)];\n          break;\n        default: // \\d\\d?\n          var n = +ch;\n          if (n === 0) return match;\n          if (n > m) {\n            var f = floor(n / 10);\n            if (f === 0) return match;\n            if (f <= m) return captures[f - 1] === undefined ? ch.charAt(1) : captures[f - 1] + ch.charAt(1);\n            return match;\n          }\n          capture = captures[n - 1];\n      }\n      return capture === undefined ? '' : capture;\n    });\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar sameValue = require('./_same-value');\nvar regExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\n\n// @@search logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('search', 1, function (defined, SEARCH, $search, maybeCallNative) {\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.search` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.search\n    function search(regexp) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var fn = regexp == undefined ? undefined : regexp[SEARCH];\n      return fn !== undefined ? fn.call(regexp, O) : new RegExp(regexp)[SEARCH](String(O));\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@search]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@search\n    function (regexp) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative($search, regexp, this);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var previousLastIndex = rx.lastIndex;\n      if (!sameValue(previousLastIndex, 0)) rx.lastIndex = 0;\n      var result = regExpExec(rx, S);\n      if (!sameValue(rx.lastIndex, previousLastIndex)) rx.lastIndex = previousLastIndex;\n      return result === null ? -1 : result.index;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\n\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('./_advance-string-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar callRegExpExec = require('./_regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar regexpExec = require('./_regexp-exec');\nvar fails = require('./_fails');\nvar $min = Math.min;\nvar $push = [].push;\nvar $SPLIT = 'split';\nvar LENGTH = 'length';\nvar LAST_INDEX = 'lastIndex';\nvar MAX_UINT32 = 0xffffffff;\n\n// babel-minify transpiles RegExp('x', 'y') -> /x/y and it causes SyntaxError\nvar SUPPORTS_Y = !fails(function () { RegExp(MAX_UINT32, 'y'); });\n\n// @@split logic\nrequire('./_fix-re-wks')('split', 2, function (defined, SPLIT, $split, maybeCallNative) {\n  var internalSplit;\n  if (\n    'abbc'[$SPLIT](/(b)*/)[1] == 'c' ||\n    'test'[$SPLIT](/(?:)/, -1)[LENGTH] != 4 ||\n    'ab'[$SPLIT](/(?:ab)*/)[LENGTH] != 2 ||\n    '.'[$SPLIT](/(.?)(.?)/)[LENGTH] != 4 ||\n    '.'[$SPLIT](/()()/)[LENGTH] > 1 ||\n    ''[$SPLIT](/.?/)[LENGTH]\n  ) {\n    // based on es5-shim implementation, need to rework it\n    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {\n      var string = String(this);\n      if (separator === undefined && limit === 0) return [];\n      // If `separator` is not a regex, use native split\n      if (!isRegExp(separator)) return $split.call(string, separator, limit);\n      var output = [];\n      var flags = (separator.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +\n                  (separator.multiline ? 'm' : '') +\n                  (separator.unicode ? 'u' : '') +\n                  (separator.sticky ? 'y' : '');\n      var lastLastIndex = 0;\n      var splitLimit = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;\n      // Make `global` and avoid `lastIndex` issues by working with a copy\n      var separatorCopy = new RegExp(separator.source, flags + 'g');\n      var match, lastIndex, lastLength;\n      while (match = regexpExec.call(separatorCopy, string)) {\n        lastIndex = separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX];\n        if (lastIndex > lastLastIndex) {\n          output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex, match.index));\n          if (match[LENGTH] > 1 && match.index < string[LENGTH]) $push.apply(output, match.slice(1));\n          lastLength = match[0][LENGTH];\n          lastLastIndex = lastIndex;\n          if (output[LENGTH] >= splitLimit) break;\n        }\n        if (separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX] === match.index) separatorCopy[LAST_INDEX]++; // Avoid an infinite loop\n      }\n      if (lastLastIndex === string[LENGTH]) {\n        if (lastLength || !separatorCopy.test('')) output.push('');\n      } else output.push(string.slice(lastLastIndex));\n      return output[LENGTH] > splitLimit ? output.slice(0, splitLimit) : output;\n    };\n  // Chakra, V8\n  } else if ('0'[$SPLIT](undefined, 0)[LENGTH]) {\n    internalSplit = function (separator, limit) {\n      return separator === undefined && limit === 0 ? [] : $split.call(this, separator, limit);\n    };\n  } else {\n    internalSplit = $split;\n  }\n\n  return [\n    // `String.prototype.split` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.split\n    function split(separator, limit) {\n      var O = defined(this);\n      var splitter = separator == undefined ? undefined : separator[SPLIT];\n      return splitter !== undefined\n        ? splitter.call(separator, O, limit)\n        : internalSplit.call(String(O), separator, limit);\n    },\n    // `RegExp.prototype[@@split]` method\n    // https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-regexp.prototype-@@split\n    //\n    // NOTE: This cannot be properly polyfilled in engines that don't support\n    // the 'y' flag.\n    function (regexp, limit) {\n      var res = maybeCallNative(internalSplit, regexp, this, limit, internalSplit !== $split);\n      if (res.done) return res.value;\n\n      var rx = anObject(regexp);\n      var S = String(this);\n      var C = speciesConstructor(rx, RegExp);\n\n      var unicodeMatching = rx.unicode;\n      var flags = (rx.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +\n                  (rx.multiline ? 'm' : '') +\n                  (rx.unicode ? 'u' : '') +\n                  (SUPPORTS_Y ? 'y' : 'g');\n\n      // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some S slicing, to\n      // simulate the 'y' flag.\n      var splitter = new C(SUPPORTS_Y ? rx : '^(?:' + rx.source + ')', flags);\n      var lim = limit === undefined ? MAX_UINT32 : limit >>> 0;\n      if (lim === 0) return [];\n      if (S.length === 0) return callRegExpExec(splitter, S) === null ? [S] : [];\n      var p = 0;\n      var q = 0;\n      var A = [];\n      while (q < S.length) {\n        splitter.lastIndex = SUPPORTS_Y ? q : 0;\n        var z = callRegExpExec(splitter, SUPPORTS_Y ? S : S.slice(q));\n        var e;\n        if (\n          z === null ||\n          (e = $min(toLength(splitter.lastIndex + (SUPPORTS_Y ? 0 : q)), S.length)) === p\n        ) {\n          q = advanceStringIndex(S, q, unicodeMatching);\n        } else {\n          A.push(S.slice(p, q));\n          if (A.length === lim) return A;\n          for (var i = 1; i <= z.length - 1; i++) {\n            A.push(z[i]);\n            if (A.length === lim) return A;\n          }\n          q = p = e;\n        }\n      }\n      A.push(S.slice(p));\n      return A;\n    }\n  ];\n});\n","'use strict';\nrequire('./es6.regexp.flags');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar $flags = require('./_flags');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar TO_STRING = 'toString';\nvar $toString = /./[TO_STRING];\n\nvar define = function (fn) {\n  require('./_redefine')(RegExp.prototype, TO_STRING, fn, true);\n};\n\n// 21.2.5.14 RegExp.prototype.toString()\nif (require('./_fails')(function () { return $toString.call({ source: 'a', flags: 'b' }) != '/a/b'; })) {\n  define(function toString() {\n    var R = anObject(this);\n    return '/'.concat(R.source, '/',\n      'flags' in R ? R.flags : !DESCRIPTORS && R instanceof RegExp ? $flags.call(R) : undefined);\n  });\n// FF44- RegExp#toString has a wrong name\n} else if ($toString.name != TO_STRING) {\n  define(function toString() {\n    return $toString.call(this);\n  });\n}\n","'use strict';\nvar strong = require('./_collection-strong');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar SET = 'Set';\n\n// 23.2 Set Objects\nmodule.exports = require('./_collection')(SET, function (get) {\n  return function Set() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.2.3.1 Set.prototype.add(value)\n  add: function add(value) {\n    return strong.def(validate(this, SET), value = value === 0 ? 0 : value, value);\n  }\n}, strong);\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.2 String.prototype.anchor(name)\nrequire('./_string-html')('anchor', function (createHTML) {\n  return function anchor(name) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'name', name);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.3 String.prototype.big()\nrequire('./_string-html')('big', function (createHTML) {\n  return function big() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'big', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.4 String.prototype.blink()\nrequire('./_string-html')('blink', function (createHTML) {\n  return function blink() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'blink', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.5 String.prototype.bold()\nrequire('./_string-html')('bold', function (createHTML) {\n  return function bold() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'b', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(false);\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.3.3 String.prototype.codePointAt(pos)\n  codePointAt: function codePointAt(pos) {\n    return $at(this, pos);\n  }\n});\n","// 21.1.3.6 String.prototype.endsWith(searchString [, endPosition])\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar ENDS_WITH = 'endsWith';\nvar $endsWith = ''[ENDS_WITH];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(ENDS_WITH), 'String', {\n  endsWith: function endsWith(searchString /* , endPosition = @length */) {\n    var that = context(this, searchString, ENDS_WITH);\n    var endPosition = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined;\n    var len = toLength(that.length);\n    var end = endPosition === undefined ? len : Math.min(toLength(endPosition), len);\n    var search = String(searchString);\n    return $endsWith\n      ? $endsWith.call(that, search, end)\n      : that.slice(end - search.length, end) === search;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.6 String.prototype.fixed()\nrequire('./_string-html')('fixed', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fixed() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'tt', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.7 String.prototype.fontcolor(color)\nrequire('./_string-html')('fontcolor', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fontcolor(color) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'color', color);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.8 String.prototype.fontsize(size)\nrequire('./_string-html')('fontsize', function (createHTML) {\n  return function fontsize(size) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'font', 'size', size);\n  };\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar fromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;\nvar $fromCodePoint = String.fromCodePoint;\n\n// length should be 1, old FF problem\n$export($export.S + $export.F * (!!$fromCodePoint && $fromCodePoint.length != 1), 'String', {\n  // 21.1.2.2 String.fromCodePoint(...codePoints)\n  fromCodePoint: function fromCodePoint(x) { // eslint-disable-line no-unused-vars\n    var res = [];\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var i = 0;\n    var code;\n    while (aLen > i) {\n      code = +arguments[i++];\n      if (toAbsoluteIndex(code, 0x10ffff) !== code) throw RangeError(code + ' is not a valid code point');\n      res.push(code < 0x10000\n        ? fromCharCode(code)\n        : fromCharCode(((code -= 0x10000) >> 10) + 0xd800, code % 0x400 + 0xdc00)\n      );\n    } return res.join('');\n  }\n});\n","// 21.1.3.7 String.prototype.includes(searchString, position = 0)\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar INCLUDES = 'includes';\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(INCLUDES), 'String', {\n  includes: function includes(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {\n    return !!~context(this, searchString, INCLUDES)\n      .indexOf(searchString, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.9 String.prototype.italics()\nrequire('./_string-html')('italics', function (createHTML) {\n  return function italics() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'i', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(true);\n\n// 21.1.3.27 String.prototype[@@iterator]()\nrequire('./_iter-define')(String, 'String', function (iterated) {\n  this._t = String(iterated); // target\n  this._i = 0;                // next index\n// 21.1.5.2.1 %StringIteratorPrototype%.next()\n}, function () {\n  var O = this._t;\n  var index = this._i;\n  var point;\n  if (index >= O.length) return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  point = $at(O, index);\n  this._i += point.length;\n  return { value: point, done: false };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.10 String.prototype.link(url)\nrequire('./_string-html')('link', function (createHTML) {\n  return function link(url) {\n    return createHTML(this, 'a', 'href', url);\n  };\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\n\n$export($export.S, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.2.4 String.raw(callSite, ...substitutions)\n  raw: function raw(callSite) {\n    var tpl = toIObject(callSite.raw);\n    var len = toLength(tpl.length);\n    var aLen = arguments.length;\n    var res = [];\n    var i = 0;\n    while (len > i) {\n      res.push(String(tpl[i++]));\n      if (i < aLen) res.push(String(arguments[i]));\n    } return res.join('');\n  }\n});\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  // 21.1.3.13 String.prototype.repeat(count)\n  repeat: require('./_string-repeat')\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.11 String.prototype.small()\nrequire('./_string-html')('small', function (createHTML) {\n  return function small() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'small', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","// 21.1.3.18 String.prototype.startsWith(searchString [, position ])\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar context = require('./_string-context');\nvar STARTS_WITH = 'startsWith';\nvar $startsWith = ''[STARTS_WITH];\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * require('./_fails-is-regexp')(STARTS_WITH), 'String', {\n  startsWith: function startsWith(searchString /* , position = 0 */) {\n    var that = context(this, searchString, STARTS_WITH);\n    var index = toLength(Math.min(arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, that.length));\n    var search = String(searchString);\n    return $startsWith\n      ? $startsWith.call(that, search, index)\n      : that.slice(index, index + search.length) === search;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.12 String.prototype.strike()\nrequire('./_string-html')('strike', function (createHTML) {\n  return function strike() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'strike', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.13 String.prototype.sub()\nrequire('./_string-html')('sub', function (createHTML) {\n  return function sub() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'sub', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// B.2.3.14 String.prototype.sup()\nrequire('./_string-html')('sup', function (createHTML) {\n  return function sup() {\n    return createHTML(this, 'sup', '', '');\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// 21.1.3.25 String.prototype.trim()\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trim', function ($trim) {\n  return function trim() {\n    return $trim(this, 3);\n  };\n});\n","'use strict';\n// ECMAScript 6 symbols shim\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar has = require('./_has');\nvar DESCRIPTORS = require('./_descriptors');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar META = require('./_meta').KEY;\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\nvar shared = require('./_shared');\nvar setToStringTag = require('./_set-to-string-tag');\nvar uid = require('./_uid');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar wksExt = require('./_wks-ext');\nvar wksDefine = require('./_wks-define');\nvar enumKeys = require('./_enum-keys');\nvar isArray = require('./_is-array');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar createDesc = require('./_property-desc');\nvar _create = require('./_object-create');\nvar gOPNExt = require('./_object-gopn-ext');\nvar $GOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar $GOPS = require('./_object-gops');\nvar $DP = require('./_object-dp');\nvar $keys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar gOPD = $GOPD.f;\nvar dP = $DP.f;\nvar gOPN = gOPNExt.f;\nvar $Symbol = global.Symbol;\nvar $JSON = global.JSON;\nvar _stringify = $JSON && $JSON.stringify;\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar HIDDEN = wks('_hidden');\nvar TO_PRIMITIVE = wks('toPrimitive');\nvar isEnum = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;\nvar SymbolRegistry = shared('symbol-registry');\nvar AllSymbols = shared('symbols');\nvar OPSymbols = shared('op-symbols');\nvar ObjectProto = Object[PROTOTYPE];\nvar USE_NATIVE = typeof $Symbol == 'function' && !!$GOPS.f;\nvar QObject = global.QObject;\n// Don't use setters in Qt Script, https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/173\nvar setter = !QObject || !QObject[PROTOTYPE] || !QObject[PROTOTYPE].findChild;\n\n// fallback for old Android, https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=687\nvar setSymbolDesc = DESCRIPTORS && $fails(function () {\n  return _create(dP({}, 'a', {\n    get: function () { return dP(this, 'a', { value: 7 }).a; }\n  })).a != 7;\n}) ? function (it, key, D) {\n  var protoDesc = gOPD(ObjectProto, key);\n  if (protoDesc) delete ObjectProto[key];\n  dP(it, key, D);\n  if (protoDesc && it !== ObjectProto) dP(ObjectProto, key, protoDesc);\n} : dP;\n\nvar wrap = function (tag) {\n  var sym = AllSymbols[tag] = _create($Symbol[PROTOTYPE]);\n  sym._k = tag;\n  return sym;\n};\n\nvar isSymbol = USE_NATIVE && typeof $Symbol.iterator == 'symbol' ? function (it) {\n  return typeof it == 'symbol';\n} : function (it) {\n  return it instanceof $Symbol;\n};\n\nvar $defineProperty = function defineProperty(it, key, D) {\n  if (it === ObjectProto) $defineProperty(OPSymbols, key, D);\n  anObject(it);\n  key = toPrimitive(key, true);\n  anObject(D);\n  if (has(AllSymbols, key)) {\n    if (!D.enumerable) {\n      if (!has(it, HIDDEN)) dP(it, HIDDEN, createDesc(1, {}));\n      it[HIDDEN][key] = true;\n    } else {\n      if (has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key]) it[HIDDEN][key] = false;\n      D = _create(D, { enumerable: createDesc(0, false) });\n    } return setSymbolDesc(it, key, D);\n  } return dP(it, key, D);\n};\nvar $defineProperties = function defineProperties(it, P) {\n  anObject(it);\n  var keys = enumKeys(P = toIObject(P));\n  var i = 0;\n  var l = keys.length;\n  var key;\n  while (l > i) $defineProperty(it, key = keys[i++], P[key]);\n  return it;\n};\nvar $create = function create(it, P) {\n  return P === undefined ? _create(it) : $defineProperties(_create(it), P);\n};\nvar $propertyIsEnumerable = function propertyIsEnumerable(key) {\n  var E = isEnum.call(this, key = toPrimitive(key, true));\n  if (this === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return false;\n  return E || !has(this, key) || !has(AllSymbols, key) || has(this, HIDDEN) && this[HIDDEN][key] ? E : true;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertyDescriptor = function getOwnPropertyDescriptor(it, key) {\n  it = toIObject(it);\n  key = toPrimitive(key, true);\n  if (it === ObjectProto && has(AllSymbols, key) && !has(OPSymbols, key)) return;\n  var D = gOPD(it, key);\n  if (D && has(AllSymbols, key) && !(has(it, HIDDEN) && it[HIDDEN][key])) D.enumerable = true;\n  return D;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertyNames = function getOwnPropertyNames(it) {\n  var names = gOPN(toIObject(it));\n  var result = [];\n  var i = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (names.length > i) {\n    if (!has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && key != HIDDEN && key != META) result.push(key);\n  } return result;\n};\nvar $getOwnPropertySymbols = function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {\n  var IS_OP = it === ObjectProto;\n  var names = gOPN(IS_OP ? OPSymbols : toIObject(it));\n  var result = [];\n  var i = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (names.length > i) {\n    if (has(AllSymbols, key = names[i++]) && (IS_OP ? has(ObjectProto, key) : true)) result.push(AllSymbols[key]);\n  } return result;\n};\n\n// 19.4.1.1 Symbol([description])\nif (!USE_NATIVE) {\n  $Symbol = function Symbol() {\n    if (this instanceof $Symbol) throw TypeError('Symbol is not a constructor!');\n    var tag = uid(arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);\n    var $set = function (value) {\n      if (this === ObjectProto) $set.call(OPSymbols, value);\n      if (has(this, HIDDEN) && has(this[HIDDEN], tag)) this[HIDDEN][tag] = false;\n      setSymbolDesc(this, tag, createDesc(1, value));\n    };\n    if (DESCRIPTORS && setter) setSymbolDesc(ObjectProto, tag, { configurable: true, set: $set });\n    return wrap(tag);\n  };\n  redefine($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], 'toString', function toString() {\n    return this._k;\n  });\n\n  $GOPD.f = $getOwnPropertyDescriptor;\n  $DP.f = $defineProperty;\n  require('./_object-gopn').f = gOPNExt.f = $getOwnPropertyNames;\n  require('./_object-pie').f = $propertyIsEnumerable;\n  $GOPS.f = $getOwnPropertySymbols;\n\n  if (DESCRIPTORS && !require('./_library')) {\n    redefine(ObjectProto, 'propertyIsEnumerable', $propertyIsEnumerable, true);\n  }\n\n  wksExt.f = function (name) {\n    return wrap(wks(name));\n  };\n}\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, { Symbol: $Symbol });\n\nfor (var es6Symbols = (\n  // 19.4.2.2, 19.4.2.3, 19.4.2.4, 19.4.2.6, 19.4.2.8, 19.4.2.9, 19.4.2.10, 19.4.2.11, 19.4.2.12, 19.4.2.13, 19.4.2.14\n  'hasInstance,isConcatSpreadable,iterator,match,replace,search,species,split,toPrimitive,toStringTag,unscopables'\n).split(','), j = 0; es6Symbols.length > j;)wks(es6Symbols[j++]);\n\nfor (var wellKnownSymbols = $keys(wks.store), k = 0; wellKnownSymbols.length > k;) wksDefine(wellKnownSymbols[k++]);\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Symbol', {\n  // 19.4.2.1 Symbol.for(key)\n  'for': function (key) {\n    return has(SymbolRegistry, key += '')\n      ? SymbolRegistry[key]\n      : SymbolRegistry[key] = $Symbol(key);\n  },\n  // 19.4.2.5 Symbol.keyFor(sym)\n  keyFor: function keyFor(sym) {\n    if (!isSymbol(sym)) throw TypeError(sym + ' is not a symbol!');\n    for (var key in SymbolRegistry) if (SymbolRegistry[key] === sym) return key;\n  },\n  useSetter: function () { setter = true; },\n  useSimple: function () { setter = false; }\n});\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !USE_NATIVE, 'Object', {\n  // 19.1.2.2 Object.create(O [, Properties])\n  create: $create,\n  // 19.1.2.4 Object.defineProperty(O, P, Attributes)\n  defineProperty: $defineProperty,\n  // 19.1.2.3 Object.defineProperties(O, Properties)\n  defineProperties: $defineProperties,\n  // 19.1.2.6 Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, P)\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptor: $getOwnPropertyDescriptor,\n  // 19.1.2.7 Object.getOwnPropertyNames(O)\n  getOwnPropertyNames: $getOwnPropertyNames,\n  // 19.1.2.8 Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(O)\n  getOwnPropertySymbols: $getOwnPropertySymbols\n});\n\n// Chrome 38 and 39 `Object.getOwnPropertySymbols` fails on primitives\n// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3443\nvar FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES = $fails(function () { $GOPS.f(1); });\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * FAILS_ON_PRIMITIVES, 'Object', {\n  getOwnPropertySymbols: function getOwnPropertySymbols(it) {\n    return $GOPS.f(toObject(it));\n  }\n});\n\n// 24.3.2 JSON.stringify(value [, replacer [, space]])\n$JSON && $export($export.S + $export.F * (!USE_NATIVE || $fails(function () {\n  var S = $Symbol();\n  // MS Edge converts symbol values to JSON as {}\n  // WebKit converts symbol values to JSON as null\n  // V8 throws on boxed symbols\n  return _stringify([S]) != '[null]' || _stringify({ a: S }) != '{}' || _stringify(Object(S)) != '{}';\n})), 'JSON', {\n  stringify: function stringify(it) {\n    var args = [it];\n    var i = 1;\n    var replacer, $replacer;\n    while (arguments.length > i) args.push(arguments[i++]);\n    $replacer = replacer = args[1];\n    if (!isObject(replacer) && it === undefined || isSymbol(it)) return; // IE8 returns string on undefined\n    if (!isArray(replacer)) replacer = function (key, value) {\n      if (typeof $replacer == 'function') value = $replacer.call(this, key, value);\n      if (!isSymbol(value)) return value;\n    };\n    args[1] = replacer;\n    return _stringify.apply($JSON, args);\n  }\n});\n\n// 19.4.3.4 Symbol.prototype[@@toPrimitive](hint)\n$Symbol[PROTOTYPE][TO_PRIMITIVE] || require('./_hide')($Symbol[PROTOTYPE], TO_PRIMITIVE, $Symbol[PROTOTYPE].valueOf);\n// 19.4.3.5 Symbol.prototype[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag($Symbol, 'Symbol');\n// 20.2.1.9 Math[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag(Math, 'Math', true);\n// 24.3.3 JSON[@@toStringTag]\nsetToStringTag(global.JSON, 'JSON', true);\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $typed = require('./_typed');\nvar buffer = require('./_typed-buffer');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toAbsoluteIndex = require('./_to-absolute-index');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar ArrayBuffer = require('./_global').ArrayBuffer;\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar $ArrayBuffer = buffer.ArrayBuffer;\nvar $DataView = buffer.DataView;\nvar $isView = $typed.ABV && ArrayBuffer.isView;\nvar $slice = $ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice;\nvar VIEW = $typed.VIEW;\nvar ARRAY_BUFFER = 'ArrayBuffer';\n\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * (ArrayBuffer !== $ArrayBuffer), { ArrayBuffer: $ArrayBuffer });\n\n$export($export.S + $export.F * !$typed.CONSTR, ARRAY_BUFFER, {\n  // 24.1.3.1 ArrayBuffer.isView(arg)\n  isView: function isView(it) {\n    return $isView && $isView(it) || isObject(it) && VIEW in it;\n  }\n});\n\n$export($export.P + $export.U + $export.F * require('./_fails')(function () {\n  return !new $ArrayBuffer(2).slice(1, undefined).byteLength;\n}), ARRAY_BUFFER, {\n  // 24.1.4.3 ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice(start, end)\n  slice: function slice(start, end) {\n    if ($slice !== undefined && end === undefined) return $slice.call(anObject(this), start); // FF fix\n    var len = anObject(this).byteLength;\n    var first = toAbsoluteIndex(start, len);\n    var fin = toAbsoluteIndex(end === undefined ? len : end, len);\n    var result = new (speciesConstructor(this, $ArrayBuffer))(toLength(fin - first));\n    var viewS = new $DataView(this);\n    var viewT = new $DataView(result);\n    var index = 0;\n    while (first < fin) {\n      viewT.setUint8(index++, viewS.getUint8(first++));\n    } return result;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_set-species')(ARRAY_BUFFER);\n","var $export = require('./_export');\n$export($export.G + $export.W + $export.F * !require('./_typed').ABV, {\n  DataView: require('./_typed-buffer').DataView\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Float32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Float32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Float64', 8, function (init) {\n  return function Float64Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int16', 2, function (init) {\n  return function Int16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Int32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Int8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Int8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint16', 2, function (init) {\n  return function Uint16Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint32', 4, function (init) {\n  return function Uint32Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Uint8Array(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n});\n","require('./_typed-array')('Uint8', 1, function (init) {\n  return function Uint8ClampedArray(data, byteOffset, length) {\n    return init(this, data, byteOffset, length);\n  };\n}, true);\n","'use strict';\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar each = require('./_array-methods')(0);\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar meta = require('./_meta');\nvar assign = require('./_object-assign');\nvar weak = require('./_collection-weak');\nvar isObject = require('./_is-object');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar NATIVE_WEAK_MAP = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar IS_IE11 = !global.ActiveXObject && 'ActiveXObject' in global;\nvar WEAK_MAP = 'WeakMap';\nvar getWeak = meta.getWeak;\nvar isExtensible = Object.isExtensible;\nvar uncaughtFrozenStore = weak.ufstore;\nvar InternalMap;\n\nvar wrapper = function (get) {\n  return function WeakMap() {\n    return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined);\n  };\n};\n\nvar methods = {\n  // 23.3.3.3 WeakMap.prototype.get(key)\n  get: function get(key) {\n    if (isObject(key)) {\n      var data = getWeak(key);\n      if (data === true) return uncaughtFrozenStore(validate(this, WEAK_MAP)).get(key);\n      return data ? data[this._i] : undefined;\n    }\n  },\n  // 23.3.3.5 WeakMap.prototype.set(key, value)\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_MAP), key, value);\n  }\n};\n\n// 23.3 WeakMap Objects\nvar $WeakMap = module.exports = require('./_collection')(WEAK_MAP, wrapper, methods, weak, true, true);\n\n// IE11 WeakMap frozen keys fix\nif (NATIVE_WEAK_MAP && IS_IE11) {\n  InternalMap = weak.getConstructor(wrapper, WEAK_MAP);\n  assign(InternalMap.prototype, methods);\n  meta.NEED = true;\n  each(['delete', 'has', 'get', 'set'], function (key) {\n    var proto = $WeakMap.prototype;\n    var method = proto[key];\n    redefine(proto, key, function (a, b) {\n      // store frozen objects on internal weakmap shim\n      if (isObject(a) && !isExtensible(a)) {\n        if (!this._f) this._f = new InternalMap();\n        var result = this._f[key](a, b);\n        return key == 'set' ? this : result;\n      // store all the rest on native weakmap\n      } return method.call(this, a, b);\n    });\n  });\n}\n","'use strict';\nvar weak = require('./_collection-weak');\nvar validate = require('./_validate-collection');\nvar WEAK_SET = 'WeakSet';\n\n// 23.4 WeakSet Objects\nrequire('./_collection')(WEAK_SET, function (get) {\n  return function WeakSet() { return get(this, arguments.length > 0 ? arguments[0] : undefined); };\n}, {\n  // 23.4.3.1 WeakSet.prototype.add(value)\n  add: function add(value) {\n    return weak.def(validate(this, WEAK_SET), value, true);\n  }\n}, weak, false, true);\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatMap\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar flattenIntoArray = require('./_flatten-into-array');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar arraySpeciesCreate = require('./_array-species-create');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  flatMap: function flatMap(callbackfn /* , thisArg */) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var sourceLen, A;\n    aFunction(callbackfn);\n    sourceLen = toLength(O.length);\n    A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);\n    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, 1, callbackfn, arguments[1]);\n    return A;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('flatMap');\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-flatMap/#sec-Array.prototype.flatten\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar flattenIntoArray = require('./_flatten-into-array');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar toInteger = require('./_to-integer');\nvar arraySpeciesCreate = require('./_array-species-create');\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  flatten: function flatten(/* depthArg = 1 */) {\n    var depthArg = arguments[0];\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var sourceLen = toLength(O.length);\n    var A = arraySpeciesCreate(O, 0);\n    flattenIntoArray(A, O, O, sourceLen, 0, depthArg === undefined ? 1 : toInteger(depthArg));\n    return A;\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('flatten');\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $includes = require('./_array-includes')(true);\n\n$export($export.P, 'Array', {\n  includes: function includes(el /* , fromIndex = 0 */) {\n    return $includes(this, el, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined);\n  }\n});\n\nrequire('./_add-to-unscopables')('includes');\n","// https://github.com/rwaldron/tc39-notes/blob/master/es6/2014-09/sept-25.md#510-globalasap-for-enqueuing-a-microtask\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar process = require('./_global').process;\nvar isNode = require('./_cof')(process) == 'process';\n\n$export($export.G, {\n  asap: function asap(fn) {\n    var domain = isNode && process.domain;\n    microtask(domain ? domain.bind(fn) : fn);\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/ljharb/proposal-is-error\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar cof = require('./_cof');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Error', {\n  isError: function isError(it) {\n    return cof(it) === 'Error';\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.G, { global: require('./_global') });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('Map');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-map.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('Map');\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Map', { toJSON: require('./_collection-to-json')('Map') });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  clamp: function clamp(x, lower, upper) {\n    return Math.min(upper, Math.max(lower, x));\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { DEG_PER_RAD: Math.PI / 180 });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar RAD_PER_DEG = 180 / Math.PI;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  degrees: function degrees(radians) {\n    return radians * RAD_PER_DEG;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar scale = require('./_math-scale');\nvar fround = require('./_math-fround');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  fscale: function fscale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh) {\n    return fround(scale(x, inLow, inHigh, outLow, outHigh));\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  iaddh: function iaddh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {\n    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;\n    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;\n    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;\n    return $x1 + (y1 >>> 0) + (($x0 & $y0 | ($x0 | $y0) & ~($x0 + $y0 >>> 0)) >>> 31) | 0;\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  imulh: function imulh(u, v) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var $u = +u;\n    var $v = +v;\n    var u0 = $u & UINT16;\n    var v0 = $v & UINT16;\n    var u1 = $u >> 16;\n    var v1 = $v >> 16;\n    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);\n    return u1 * v1 + (t >> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >> 16);\n  }\n});\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  isubh: function isubh(x0, x1, y0, y1) {\n    var $x0 = x0 >>> 0;\n    var $x1 = x1 >>> 0;\n    var $y0 = y0 >>> 0;\n    return $x1 - (y1 >>> 0) - ((~$x0 & $y0 | ~($x0 ^ $y0) & $x0 - $y0 >>> 0) >>> 31) | 0;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { RAD_PER_DEG: 180 / Math.PI });\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar DEG_PER_RAD = Math.PI / 180;\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  radians: function radians(degrees) {\n    return degrees * DEG_PER_RAD;\n  }\n});\n","// https://rwaldron.github.io/proposal-math-extensions/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { scale: require('./_math-scale') });\n","// http://jfbastien.github.io/papers/Math.signbit.html\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', { signbit: function signbit(x) {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-self-compare\n  return (x = +x) != x ? x : x == 0 ? 1 / x == Infinity : x > 0;\n} });\n","// https://gist.github.com/BrendanEich/4294d5c212a6d2254703\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Math', {\n  umulh: function umulh(u, v) {\n    var UINT16 = 0xffff;\n    var $u = +u;\n    var $v = +v;\n    var u0 = $u & UINT16;\n    var v0 = $v & UINT16;\n    var u1 = $u >>> 16;\n    var v1 = $v >>> 16;\n    var t = (u1 * v0 >>> 0) + (u0 * v0 >>> 16);\n    return u1 * v1 + (t >>> 16) + ((u0 * v1 >>> 0) + (t & UINT16) >>> 16);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\n\n// B.2.2.2 Object.prototype.__defineGetter__(P, getter)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __defineGetter__: function __defineGetter__(P, getter) {\n    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { get: aFunction(getter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar $defineProperty = require('./_object-dp');\n\n// B.2.2.3 Object.prototype.__defineSetter__(P, setter)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __defineSetter__: function __defineSetter__(P, setter) {\n    $defineProperty.f(toObject(this), P, { set: aFunction(setter), enumerable: true, configurable: true });\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $entries = require('./_object-to-array')(true);\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  entries: function entries(it) {\n    return $entries(it);\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-getownpropertydescriptors\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar ownKeys = require('./_own-keys');\nvar toIObject = require('./_to-iobject');\nvar gOPD = require('./_object-gopd');\nvar createProperty = require('./_create-property');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  getOwnPropertyDescriptors: function getOwnPropertyDescriptors(object) {\n    var O = toIObject(object);\n    var getDesc = gOPD.f;\n    var keys = ownKeys(O);\n    var result = {};\n    var i = 0;\n    var key, desc;\n    while (keys.length > i) {\n      desc = getDesc(O, key = keys[i++]);\n      if (desc !== undefined) createProperty(result, key, desc);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\n// B.2.2.4 Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__(P)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __lookupGetter__: function __lookupGetter__(P) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);\n    var D;\n    do {\n      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.get;\n    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar toObject = require('./_to-object');\nvar toPrimitive = require('./_to-primitive');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar getOwnPropertyDescriptor = require('./_object-gopd').f;\n\n// B.2.2.5 Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__(P)\nrequire('./_descriptors') && $export($export.P + require('./_object-forced-pam'), 'Object', {\n  __lookupSetter__: function __lookupSetter__(P) {\n    var O = toObject(this);\n    var K = toPrimitive(P, true);\n    var D;\n    do {\n      if (D = getOwnPropertyDescriptor(O, K)) return D.set;\n    } while (O = getPrototypeOf(O));\n  }\n});\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-object-values-entries\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $values = require('./_object-to-array')(false);\n\n$export($export.S, 'Object', {\n  values: function values(it) {\n    return $values(it);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/zenparsing/es-observable\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar microtask = require('./_microtask')();\nvar OBSERVABLE = require('./_wks')('observable');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar anInstance = require('./_an-instance');\nvar redefineAll = require('./_redefine-all');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar forOf = require('./_for-of');\nvar RETURN = forOf.RETURN;\n\nvar getMethod = function (fn) {\n  return fn == null ? undefined : aFunction(fn);\n};\n\nvar cleanupSubscription = function (subscription) {\n  var cleanup = subscription._c;\n  if (cleanup) {\n    subscription._c = undefined;\n    cleanup();\n  }\n};\n\nvar subscriptionClosed = function (subscription) {\n  return subscription._o === undefined;\n};\n\nvar closeSubscription = function (subscription) {\n  if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n    subscription._o = undefined;\n    cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n  }\n};\n\nvar Subscription = function (observer, subscriber) {\n  anObject(observer);\n  this._c = undefined;\n  this._o = observer;\n  observer = new SubscriptionObserver(this);\n  try {\n    var cleanup = subscriber(observer);\n    var subscription = cleanup;\n    if (cleanup != null) {\n      if (typeof cleanup.unsubscribe === 'function') cleanup = function () { subscription.unsubscribe(); };\n      else aFunction(cleanup);\n      this._c = cleanup;\n    }\n  } catch (e) {\n    observer.error(e);\n    return;\n  } if (subscriptionClosed(this)) cleanupSubscription(this);\n};\n\nSubscription.prototype = redefineAll({}, {\n  unsubscribe: function unsubscribe() { closeSubscription(this); }\n});\n\nvar SubscriptionObserver = function (subscription) {\n  this._s = subscription;\n};\n\nSubscriptionObserver.prototype = redefineAll({}, {\n  next: function next(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n      var observer = subscription._o;\n      try {\n        var m = getMethod(observer.next);\n        if (m) return m.call(observer, value);\n      } catch (e) {\n        try {\n          closeSubscription(subscription);\n        } finally {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  },\n  error: function error(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (subscriptionClosed(subscription)) throw value;\n    var observer = subscription._o;\n    subscription._o = undefined;\n    try {\n      var m = getMethod(observer.error);\n      if (!m) throw value;\n      value = m.call(observer, value);\n    } catch (e) {\n      try {\n        cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n      } finally {\n        throw e;\n      }\n    } cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n    return value;\n  },\n  complete: function complete(value) {\n    var subscription = this._s;\n    if (!subscriptionClosed(subscription)) {\n      var observer = subscription._o;\n      subscription._o = undefined;\n      try {\n        var m = getMethod(observer.complete);\n        value = m ? m.call(observer, value) : undefined;\n      } catch (e) {\n        try {\n          cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n        } finally {\n          throw e;\n        }\n      } cleanupSubscription(subscription);\n      return value;\n    }\n  }\n});\n\nvar $Observable = function Observable(subscriber) {\n  anInstance(this, $Observable, 'Observable', '_f')._f = aFunction(subscriber);\n};\n\nredefineAll($Observable.prototype, {\n  subscribe: function subscribe(observer) {\n    return new Subscription(observer, this._f);\n  },\n  forEach: function forEach(fn) {\n    var that = this;\n    return new (core.Promise || global.Promise)(function (resolve, reject) {\n      aFunction(fn);\n      var subscription = that.subscribe({\n        next: function (value) {\n          try {\n            return fn(value);\n          } catch (e) {\n            reject(e);\n            subscription.unsubscribe();\n          }\n        },\n        error: reject,\n        complete: resolve\n      });\n    });\n  }\n});\n\nredefineAll($Observable, {\n  from: function from(x) {\n    var C = typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable;\n    var method = getMethod(anObject(x)[OBSERVABLE]);\n    if (method) {\n      var observable = anObject(method.call(x));\n      return observable.constructor === C ? observable : new C(function (observer) {\n        return observable.subscribe(observer);\n      });\n    }\n    return new C(function (observer) {\n      var done = false;\n      microtask(function () {\n        if (!done) {\n          try {\n            if (forOf(x, false, function (it) {\n              observer.next(it);\n              if (done) return RETURN;\n            }) === RETURN) return;\n          } catch (e) {\n            if (done) throw e;\n            observer.error(e);\n            return;\n          } observer.complete();\n        }\n      });\n      return function () { done = true; };\n    });\n  },\n  of: function of() {\n    for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length, items = new Array(l); i < l;) items[i] = arguments[i++];\n    return new (typeof this === 'function' ? this : $Observable)(function (observer) {\n      var done = false;\n      microtask(function () {\n        if (!done) {\n          for (var j = 0; j < items.length; ++j) {\n            observer.next(items[j]);\n            if (done) return;\n          } observer.complete();\n        }\n      });\n      return function () { done = true; };\n    });\n  }\n});\n\nhide($Observable.prototype, OBSERVABLE, function () { return this; });\n\n$export($export.G, { Observable: $Observable });\n\nrequire('./_set-species')('Observable');\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-finally\n'use strict';\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar core = require('./_core');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('./_species-constructor');\nvar promiseResolve = require('./_promise-resolve');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Promise', { 'finally': function (onFinally) {\n  var C = speciesConstructor(this, core.Promise || global.Promise);\n  var isFunction = typeof onFinally == 'function';\n  return this.then(\n    isFunction ? function (x) {\n      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { return x; });\n    } : onFinally,\n    isFunction ? function (e) {\n      return promiseResolve(C, onFinally()).then(function () { throw e; });\n    } : onFinally\n  );\n} });\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-promise-try\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar newPromiseCapability = require('./_new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('./_perform');\n\n$export($export.S, 'Promise', { 'try': function (callbackfn) {\n  var promiseCapability = newPromiseCapability.f(this);\n  var result = perform(callbackfn);\n  (result.e ? promiseCapability.reject : promiseCapability.resolve)(result.v);\n  return promiseCapability.promise;\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = metadata.set;\n\nmetadata.exp({ defineMetadata: function defineMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, target, targetKey) {\n  ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(metadataKey, metadataValue, anObject(target), toMetaKey(targetKey));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\nvar getOrCreateMetadataMap = metadata.map;\nvar store = metadata.store;\n\nmetadata.exp({ deleteMetadata: function deleteMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  var targetKey = arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]);\n  var metadataMap = getOrCreateMetadataMap(anObject(target), targetKey, false);\n  if (metadataMap === undefined || !metadataMap['delete'](metadataKey)) return false;\n  if (metadataMap.size) return true;\n  var targetMetadata = store.get(target);\n  targetMetadata['delete'](targetKey);\n  return !!targetMetadata.size || store['delete'](target);\n} });\n","var Set = require('./es6.set');\nvar from = require('./_array-from-iterable');\nvar metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryMetadataKeys = function (O, P) {\n  var oKeys = ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(O, P);\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  if (parent === null) return oKeys;\n  var pKeys = ordinaryMetadataKeys(parent, P);\n  return pKeys.length ? oKeys.length ? from(new Set(oKeys.concat(pKeys))) : pKeys : oKeys;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ getMetadataKeys: function getMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryGetMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  if (hasOwn) return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  return parent !== null ? ordinaryGetMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : undefined;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ getMetadata: function getMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryGetMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys = metadata.keys;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ getOwnMetadataKeys: function getOwnMetadataKeys(target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryOwnMetadataKeys(anObject(target), arguments.length < 2 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[1]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryGetOwnMetadata = metadata.get;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ getOwnMetadata: function getOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryGetOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)\n    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('./_object-gpo');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nvar ordinaryHasMetadata = function (MetadataKey, O, P) {\n  var hasOwn = ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(MetadataKey, O, P);\n  if (hasOwn) return true;\n  var parent = getPrototypeOf(O);\n  return parent !== null ? ordinaryHasMetadata(MetadataKey, parent, P) : false;\n};\n\nmetadata.exp({ hasMetadata: function hasMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryHasMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target), arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar ordinaryHasOwnMetadata = metadata.has;\nvar toMetaKey = metadata.key;\n\nmetadata.exp({ hasOwnMetadata: function hasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, target /* , targetKey */) {\n  return ordinaryHasOwnMetadata(metadataKey, anObject(target)\n    , arguments.length < 3 ? undefined : toMetaKey(arguments[2]));\n} });\n","var $metadata = require('./_metadata');\nvar anObject = require('./_an-object');\nvar aFunction = require('./_a-function');\nvar toMetaKey = $metadata.key;\nvar ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata = $metadata.set;\n\n$metadata.exp({ metadata: function metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {\n  return function decorator(target, targetKey) {\n    ordinaryDefineOwnMetadata(\n      metadataKey, metadataValue,\n      (targetKey !== undefined ? anObject : aFunction)(target),\n      toMetaKey(targetKey)\n    );\n  };\n} });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('Set');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-set.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('Set');\n","// https://github.com/DavidBruant/Map-Set.prototype.toJSON\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.P + $export.R, 'Set', { toJSON: require('./_collection-to-json')('Set') });\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $at = require('./_string-at')(true);\nvar $fails = require('./_fails');\n\nvar FORCED = $fails(function () {\n  return '𠮷'.at(0) !== '𠮷';\n});\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * FORCED, 'String', {\n  at: function at(pos) {\n    return $at(this, pos);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://tc39.github.io/String.prototype.matchAll/\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar defined = require('./_defined');\nvar toLength = require('./_to-length');\nvar isRegExp = require('./_is-regexp');\nvar getFlags = require('./_flags');\nvar RegExpProto = RegExp.prototype;\n\nvar $RegExpStringIterator = function (regexp, string) {\n  this._r = regexp;\n  this._s = string;\n};\n\nrequire('./_iter-create')($RegExpStringIterator, 'RegExp String', function next() {\n  var match = this._r.exec(this._s);\n  return { value: match, done: match === null };\n});\n\n$export($export.P, 'String', {\n  matchAll: function matchAll(regexp) {\n    defined(this);\n    if (!isRegExp(regexp)) throw TypeError(regexp + ' is not a regexp!');\n    var S = String(this);\n    var flags = 'flags' in RegExpProto ? String(regexp.flags) : getFlags.call(regexp);\n    var rx = new RegExp(regexp.source, ~flags.indexOf('g') ? flags : 'g' + flags);\n    rx.lastIndex = toLength(regexp.lastIndex);\n    return new $RegExpStringIterator(rx, S);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $pad = require('./_string-pad');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\n\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280\nvar WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\\/10\\.\\d+(\\.\\d+)?( Mobile\\/\\w+)? Safari\\//.test(userAgent);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {\n  padEnd: function padEnd(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {\n    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, false);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-string-pad-start-end\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar $pad = require('./_string-pad');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\n\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/280\nvar WEBKIT_BUG = /Version\\/10\\.\\d+(\\.\\d+)?( Mobile\\/\\w+)? Safari\\//.test(userAgent);\n\n$export($export.P + $export.F * WEBKIT_BUG, 'String', {\n  padStart: function padStart(maxLength /* , fillString = ' ' */) {\n    return $pad(this, maxLength, arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : undefined, true);\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trimLeft', function ($trim) {\n  return function trimLeft() {\n    return $trim(this, 1);\n  };\n}, 'trimStart');\n","'use strict';\n// https://github.com/sebmarkbage/ecmascript-string-left-right-trim\nrequire('./_string-trim')('trimRight', function ($trim) {\n  return function trimRight() {\n    return $trim(this, 2);\n  };\n}, 'trimEnd');\n","require('./_wks-define')('asyncIterator');\n","require('./_wks-define')('observable');\n","// https://github.com/tc39/proposal-global\nvar $export = require('./_export');\n\n$export($export.S, 'System', { global: require('./_global') });\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('WeakMap');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakmap.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('WeakMap');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.from\nrequire('./_set-collection-from')('WeakSet');\n","// https://tc39.github.io/proposal-setmap-offrom/#sec-weakset.of\nrequire('./_set-collection-of')('WeakSet');\n","var $iterators = require('./es6.array.iterator');\nvar getKeys = require('./_object-keys');\nvar redefine = require('./_redefine');\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar hide = require('./_hide');\nvar Iterators = require('./_iterators');\nvar wks = require('./_wks');\nvar ITERATOR = wks('iterator');\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wks('toStringTag');\nvar ArrayValues = Iterators.Array;\n\nvar DOMIterables = {\n  CSSRuleList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  CSSStyleDeclaration: false,\n  CSSValueList: false,\n  ClientRectList: false,\n  DOMRectList: false,\n  DOMStringList: false,\n  DOMTokenList: true,\n  DataTransferItemList: false,\n  FileList: false,\n  HTMLAllCollection: false,\n  HTMLCollection: false,\n  HTMLFormElement: false,\n  HTMLSelectElement: false,\n  MediaList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  MimeTypeArray: false,\n  NamedNodeMap: false,\n  NodeList: true,\n  PaintRequestList: false,\n  Plugin: false,\n  PluginArray: false,\n  SVGLengthList: false,\n  SVGNumberList: false,\n  SVGPathSegList: false,\n  SVGPointList: false,\n  SVGStringList: false,\n  SVGTransformList: false,\n  SourceBufferList: false,\n  StyleSheetList: true, // TODO: Not spec compliant, should be false.\n  TextTrackCueList: false,\n  TextTrackList: false,\n  TouchList: false\n};\n\nfor (var collections = getKeys(DOMIterables), i = 0; i < collections.length; i++) {\n  var NAME = collections[i];\n  var explicit = DOMIterables[NAME];\n  var Collection = global[NAME];\n  var proto = Collection && Collection.prototype;\n  var key;\n  if (proto) {\n    if (!proto[ITERATOR]) hide(proto, ITERATOR, ArrayValues);\n    if (!proto[TO_STRING_TAG]) hide(proto, TO_STRING_TAG, NAME);\n    Iterators[NAME] = ArrayValues;\n    if (explicit) for (key in $iterators) if (!proto[key]) redefine(proto, key, $iterators[key], true);\n  }\n}\n","var $export = require('./_export');\nvar $task = require('./_task');\n$export($export.G + $export.B, {\n  setImmediate: $task.set,\n  clearImmediate: $task.clear\n});\n","// ie9- setTimeout & setInterval additional parameters fix\nvar global = require('./_global');\nvar $export = require('./_export');\nvar userAgent = require('./_user-agent');\nvar slice = [].slice;\nvar MSIE = /MSIE .\\./.test(userAgent); // <- dirty ie9- check\nvar wrap = function (set) {\n  return function (fn, time /* , ...args */) {\n    var boundArgs = arguments.length > 2;\n    var args = boundArgs ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : false;\n    return set(boundArgs ? function () {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new-func\n      (typeof fn == 'function' ? fn : Function(fn)).apply(this, args);\n    } : fn, time);\n  };\n};\n$export($export.G + $export.B + $export.F * MSIE, {\n  setTimeout: wrap(global.setTimeout),\n  setInterval: wrap(global.setInterval)\n});\n","require('./modules/es6.symbol');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.create');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.define-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.define-properties');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-own-property-descriptor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.keys');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.get-own-property-names');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.freeze');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.seal');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.prevent-extensions');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-frozen');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-sealed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is-extensible');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.assign');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.is');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.set-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.object.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.bind');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.name');\nrequire('./modules/es6.function.has-instance');\nrequire('./modules/es6.parse-int');\nrequire('./modules/es6.parse-float');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.constructor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.to-fixed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.to-precision');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.epsilon');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-finite');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-nan');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.is-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.max-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.min-safe-integer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.parse-float');\nrequire('./modules/es6.number.parse-int');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.acosh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.asinh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.atanh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.cbrt');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.clz32');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.cosh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.expm1');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.fround');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.hypot');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.imul');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log10');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log1p');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.log2');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.sign');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.sinh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.tanh');\nrequire('./modules/es6.math.trunc');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.from-code-point');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.raw');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.trim');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.code-point-at');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.ends-with');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.includes');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.repeat');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.starts-with');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.anchor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.big');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.blink');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.bold');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fixed');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fontcolor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.fontsize');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.italics');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.link');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.small');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.strike');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.sub');\nrequire('./modules/es6.string.sup');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.now');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-iso-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.date.to-primitive');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.is-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.from');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.join');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.slice');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.sort');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.for-each');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.filter');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.some');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.every');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.reduce');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.reduce-right');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.index-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.last-index-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.copy-within');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.fill');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.find');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.find-index');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.species');\nrequire('./modules/es6.array.iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.constructor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.exec');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.to-string');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.flags');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.match');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.replace');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.search');\nrequire('./modules/es6.regexp.split');\nrequire('./modules/es6.promise');\nrequire('./modules/es6.map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.weak-map');\nrequire('./modules/es6.weak-set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.array-buffer');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.data-view');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int8-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint8-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint8-clamped-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int16-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint16-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.int32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.uint32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.float32-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.typed.float64-array');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.apply');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.construct');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.define-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.delete-property');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.enumerate');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get-own-property-descriptor');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.get-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.has');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.is-extensible');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.own-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.prevent-extensions');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.set');\nrequire('./modules/es6.reflect.set-prototype-of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.includes');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.flat-map');\nrequire('./modules/es7.array.flatten');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.at');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.pad-start');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.pad-end');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.trim-left');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.trim-right');\nrequire('./modules/es7.string.match-all');\nrequire('./modules/es7.symbol.async-iterator');\nrequire('./modules/es7.symbol.observable');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.get-own-property-descriptors');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.values');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.entries');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.define-getter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.define-setter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.lookup-getter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.object.lookup-setter');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.to-json');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-map.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-set.of');\nrequire('./modules/es7.map.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.set.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-map.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.weak-set.from');\nrequire('./modules/es7.global');\nrequire('./modules/es7.system.global');\nrequire('./modules/es7.error.is-error');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.clamp');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.deg-per-rad');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.degrees');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.fscale');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.iaddh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.isubh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.imulh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.rad-per-deg');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.radians');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.scale');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.umulh');\nrequire('./modules/es7.math.signbit');\nrequire('./modules/es7.promise.finally');\nrequire('./modules/es7.promise.try');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.define-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.delete-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-metadata-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-own-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.get-own-metadata-keys');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.has-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.has-own-metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.reflect.metadata');\nrequire('./modules/es7.asap');\nrequire('./modules/es7.observable');\nrequire('./modules/web.timers');\nrequire('./modules/web.immediate');\nrequire('./modules/web.dom.iterable');\nmodule.exports = require('./modules/_core');\n","/**\n * Copyright (c) 2014, Facebook, Inc.\n * All rights reserved.\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the\n * https://raw.github.com/facebook/regenerator/master/LICENSE file. An\n * additional grant of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in\n * the same directory.\n */\n\n!(function(global) {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  var Op = Object.prototype;\n  var hasOwn = Op.hasOwnProperty;\n  var undefined; // More compressible than void 0.\n  var $Symbol = typeof Symbol === \"function\" ? Symbol : {};\n  var iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || \"@@iterator\";\n  var asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || \"@@asyncIterator\";\n  var toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || \"@@toStringTag\";\n\n  var inModule = typeof module === \"object\";\n  var runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime;\n  if (runtime) {\n    if (inModule) {\n      // If regeneratorRuntime is defined globally and we're in a module,\n      // make the exports object identical to regeneratorRuntime.\n      module.exports = runtime;\n    }\n    // Don't bother evaluating the rest of this file if the runtime was\n    // already defined globally.\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Define the runtime globally (as expected by generated code) as either\n  // module.exports (if we're in a module) or a new, empty object.\n  runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime = inModule ? module.exports : {};\n\n  function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    // If outerFn provided and outerFn.prototype is a Generator, then outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator.\n    var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator;\n    var generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype);\n    var context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);\n\n    // The ._invoke method unifies the implementations of the .next,\n    // .throw, and .return methods.\n    generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);\n\n    return generator;\n  }\n  runtime.wrap = wrap;\n\n  // Try/catch helper to minimize deoptimizations. Returns a completion\n  // record like context.tryEntries[i].completion. This interface could\n  // have been (and was previously) designed to take a closure to be\n  // invoked without arguments, but in all the cases we care about we\n  // already have an existing method we want to call, so there's no need\n  // to create a new function object. We can even get away with assuming\n  // the method takes exactly one argument, since that happens to be true\n  // in every case, so we don't have to touch the arguments object. The\n  // only additional allocation required is the completion record, which\n  // has a stable shape and so hopefully should be cheap to allocate.\n  function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {\n    try {\n      return { type: \"normal\", arg: fn.call(obj, arg) };\n    } catch (err) {\n      return { type: \"throw\", arg: err };\n    }\n  }\n\n  var GenStateSuspendedStart = \"suspendedStart\";\n  var GenStateSuspendedYield = \"suspendedYield\";\n  var GenStateExecuting = \"executing\";\n  var GenStateCompleted = \"completed\";\n\n  // Returning this object from the innerFn has the same effect as\n  // breaking out of the dispatch switch statement.\n  var ContinueSentinel = {};\n\n  // Dummy constructor functions that we use as the .constructor and\n  // .constructor.prototype properties for functions that return Generator\n  // objects. For full spec compliance, you may wish to configure your\n  // minifier not to mangle the names of these two functions.\n  function Generator() {}\n  function GeneratorFunction() {}\n  function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}\n\n  // This is a polyfill for %IteratorPrototype% for environments that\n  // don't natively support it.\n  var IteratorPrototype = {};\n  IteratorPrototype[iteratorSymbol] = function () {\n    return this;\n  };\n\n  var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;\n  var NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));\n  if (NativeIteratorPrototype &&\n      NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op &&\n      hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol)) {\n    // This environment has a native %IteratorPrototype%; use it instead\n    // of the polyfill.\n    IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype;\n  }\n\n  var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype =\n    Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);\n  GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;\n  GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;\n  GeneratorFunctionPrototype[toStringTagSymbol] =\n    GeneratorFunction.displayName = \"GeneratorFunction\";\n\n  // Helper for defining the .next, .throw, and .return methods of the\n  // Iterator interface in terms of a single ._invoke method.\n  function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {\n    [\"next\", \"throw\", \"return\"].forEach(function(method) {\n      prototype[method] = function(arg) {\n        return this._invoke(method, arg);\n      };\n    });\n  }\n\n  runtime.isGeneratorFunction = function(genFun) {\n    var ctor = typeof genFun === \"function\" && genFun.constructor;\n    return ctor\n      ? ctor === GeneratorFunction ||\n        // For the native GeneratorFunction constructor, the best we can\n        // do is to check its .name property.\n        (ctor.displayName || ctor.name) === \"GeneratorFunction\"\n      : false;\n  };\n\n  runtime.mark = function(genFun) {\n    if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {\n      Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype);\n    } else {\n      genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;\n      if (!(toStringTagSymbol in genFun)) {\n        genFun[toStringTagSymbol] = \"GeneratorFunction\";\n      }\n    }\n    genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);\n    return genFun;\n  };\n\n  // Within the body of any async function, `await x` is transformed to\n  // `yield regeneratorRuntime.awrap(x)`, so that the runtime can test\n  // `hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\")` to determine if the yielded value is\n  // meant to be awaited.\n  runtime.awrap = function(arg) {\n    return { __await: arg };\n  };\n\n  function AsyncIterator(generator) {\n    function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {\n      var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);\n      if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n        reject(record.arg);\n      } else {\n        var result = record.arg;\n        var value = result.value;\n        if (value &&\n            typeof value === \"object\" &&\n            hasOwn.call(value, \"__await\")) {\n          return Promise.resolve(value.__await).then(function(value) {\n            invoke(\"next\", value, resolve, reject);\n          }, function(err) {\n            invoke(\"throw\", err, resolve, reject);\n          });\n        }\n\n        return Promise.resolve(value).then(function(unwrapped) {\n          // When a yielded Promise is resolved, its final value becomes\n          // the .value of the Promise<{value,done}> result for the\n          // current iteration. If the Promise is rejected, however, the\n          // result for this iteration will be rejected with the same\n          // reason. Note that rejections of yielded Promises are not\n          // thrown back into the generator function, as is the case\n          // when an awaited Promise is rejected. This difference in\n          // behavior between yield and await is important, because it\n          // allows the consumer to decide what to do with the yielded\n          // rejection (swallow it and continue, manually .throw it back\n          // into the generator, abandon iteration, whatever). With\n          // await, by contrast, there is no opportunity to examine the\n          // rejection reason outside the generator function, so the\n          // only option is to throw it from the await expression, and\n          // let the generator function handle the exception.\n          result.value = unwrapped;\n          resolve(result);\n        }, reject);\n      }\n    }\n\n    if (typeof global.process === \"object\" && global.process.domain) {\n      invoke = global.process.domain.bind(invoke);\n    }\n\n    var previousPromise;\n\n    function enqueue(method, arg) {\n      function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {\n        return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n          invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);\n        });\n      }\n\n      return previousPromise =\n        // If enqueue has been called before, then we want to wait until\n        // all previous Promises have been resolved before calling invoke,\n        // so that results are always delivered in the correct order. If\n        // enqueue has not been called before, then it is important to\n        // call invoke immediately, without waiting on a callback to fire,\n        // so that the async generator function has the opportunity to do\n        // any necessary setup in a predictable way. This predictability\n        // is why the Promise constructor synchronously invokes its\n        // executor callback, and why async functions synchronously\n        // execute code before the first await. Since we implement simple\n        // async functions in terms of async generators, it is especially\n        // important to get this right, even though it requires care.\n        previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(\n          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg,\n          // Avoid propagating failures to Promises returned by later\n          // invocations of the iterator.\n          callInvokeWithMethodAndArg\n        ) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();\n    }\n\n    // Define the unified helper method that is used to implement .next,\n    // .throw, and .return (see defineIteratorMethods).\n    this._invoke = enqueue;\n  }\n\n  defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype);\n  AsyncIterator.prototype[asyncIteratorSymbol] = function () {\n    return this;\n  };\n  runtime.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator;\n\n  // Note that simple async functions are implemented on top of\n  // AsyncIterator objects; they just return a Promise for the value of\n  // the final result produced by the iterator.\n  runtime.async = function(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {\n    var iter = new AsyncIterator(\n      wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList)\n    );\n\n    return runtime.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn)\n      ? iter // If outerFn is a generator, return the full iterator.\n      : iter.next().then(function(result) {\n          return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();\n        });\n  };\n\n  function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {\n    var state = GenStateSuspendedStart;\n\n    return function invoke(method, arg) {\n      if (state === GenStateExecuting) {\n        throw new Error(\"Generator is already running\");\n      }\n\n      if (state === GenStateCompleted) {\n        if (method === \"throw\") {\n          throw arg;\n        }\n\n        // Be forgiving, per 25.3.3.3.3 of the spec:\n        // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-generatorresume\n        return doneResult();\n      }\n\n      context.method = method;\n      context.arg = arg;\n\n      while (true) {\n        var delegate = context.delegate;\n        if (delegate) {\n          var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n          if (delegateResult) {\n            if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;\n            return delegateResult;\n          }\n        }\n\n        if (context.method === \"next\") {\n          // Setting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's\n          // function.sent implementation.\n          context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;\n\n        } else if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n          if (state === GenStateSuspendedStart) {\n            state = GenStateCompleted;\n            throw context.arg;\n          }\n\n          context.dispatchException(context.arg);\n\n        } else if (context.method === \"return\") {\n          context.abrupt(\"return\", context.arg);\n        }\n\n        state = GenStateExecuting;\n\n        var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);\n        if (record.type === \"normal\") {\n          // If an exception is thrown from innerFn, we leave state ===\n          // GenStateExecuting and loop back for another invocation.\n          state = context.done\n            ? GenStateCompleted\n            : GenStateSuspendedYield;\n\n          if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {\n            continue;\n          }\n\n          return {\n            value: record.arg,\n            done: context.done\n          };\n\n        } else if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n          state = GenStateCompleted;\n          // Dispatch the exception by looping back around to the\n          // context.dispatchException(context.arg) call above.\n          context.method = \"throw\";\n          context.arg = record.arg;\n        }\n      }\n    };\n  }\n\n  // Call delegate.iterator[context.method](context.arg) and handle the\n  // result, either by returning a { value, done } result from the\n  // delegate iterator, or by modifying context.method and context.arg,\n  // setting context.delegate to null, and returning the ContinueSentinel.\n  function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {\n    var method = delegate.iterator[context.method];\n    if (method === undefined) {\n      // A .throw or .return when the delegate iterator has no .throw\n      // method always terminates the yield* loop.\n      context.delegate = null;\n\n      if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n        if (delegate.iterator.return) {\n          // If the delegate iterator has a return method, give it a\n          // chance to clean up.\n          context.method = \"return\";\n          context.arg = undefined;\n          maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);\n\n          if (context.method === \"throw\") {\n            // If maybeInvokeDelegate(context) changed context.method from\n            // \"return\" to \"throw\", let that override the TypeError below.\n            return ContinueSentinel;\n          }\n        }\n\n        context.method = \"throw\";\n        context.arg = new TypeError(\n          \"The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method\");\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);\n\n    if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n      context.method = \"throw\";\n      context.arg = record.arg;\n      context.delegate = null;\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    var info = record.arg;\n\n    if (! info) {\n      context.method = \"throw\";\n      context.arg = new TypeError(\"iterator result is not an object\");\n      context.delegate = null;\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n\n    if (info.done) {\n      // Assign the result of the finished delegate to the temporary\n      // variable specified by delegate.resultName (see delegateYield).\n      context[delegate.resultName] = info.value;\n\n      // Resume execution at the desired location (see delegateYield).\n      context.next = delegate.nextLoc;\n\n      // If context.method was \"throw\" but the delegate handled the\n      // exception, let the outer generator proceed normally. If\n      // context.method was \"next\", forget context.arg since it has been\n      // \"consumed\" by the delegate iterator. If context.method was\n      // \"return\", allow the original .return call to continue in the\n      // outer generator.\n      if (context.method !== \"return\") {\n        context.method = \"next\";\n        context.arg = undefined;\n      }\n\n    } else {\n      // Re-yield the result returned by the delegate method.\n      return info;\n    }\n\n    // The delegate iterator is finished, so forget it and continue with\n    // the outer generator.\n    context.delegate = null;\n    return ContinueSentinel;\n  }\n\n  // Define Generator.prototype.{next,throw,return} in terms of the\n  // unified ._invoke helper method.\n  defineIteratorMethods(Gp);\n\n  Gp[toStringTagSymbol] = \"Generator\";\n\n  // A Generator should always return itself as the iterator object when the\n  // @@iterator function is called on it. Some browsers' implementations of the\n  // iterator prototype chain incorrectly implement this, causing the Generator\n  // object to not be returned from this call. This ensures that doesn't happen.\n  // See https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/issues/274 for more details.\n  Gp[iteratorSymbol] = function() {\n    return this;\n  };\n\n  Gp.toString = function() {\n    return \"[object Generator]\";\n  };\n\n  function pushTryEntry(locs) {\n    var entry = { tryLoc: locs[0] };\n\n    if (1 in locs) {\n      entry.catchLoc = locs[1];\n    }\n\n    if (2 in locs) {\n      entry.finallyLoc = locs[2];\n      entry.afterLoc = locs[3];\n    }\n\n    this.tryEntries.push(entry);\n  }\n\n  function resetTryEntry(entry) {\n    var record = entry.completion || {};\n    record.type = \"normal\";\n    delete record.arg;\n    entry.completion = record;\n  }\n\n  function Context(tryLocsList) {\n    // The root entry object (effectively a try statement without a catch\n    // or a finally block) gives us a place to store values thrown from\n    // locations where there is no enclosing try statement.\n    this.tryEntries = [{ tryLoc: \"root\" }];\n    tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this);\n    this.reset(true);\n  }\n\n  runtime.keys = function(object) {\n    var keys = [];\n    for (var key in object) {\n      keys.push(key);\n    }\n    keys.reverse();\n\n    // Rather than returning an object with a next method, we keep\n    // things simple and return the next function itself.\n    return function next() {\n      while (keys.length) {\n        var key = keys.pop();\n        if (key in object) {\n          next.value = key;\n          next.done = false;\n          return next;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // To avoid creating an additional object, we just hang the .value\n      // and .done properties off the next function object itself. This\n      // also ensures that the minifier will not anonymize the function.\n      next.done = true;\n      return next;\n    };\n  };\n\n  function values(iterable) {\n    if (iterable) {\n      var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];\n      if (iteratorMethod) {\n        return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);\n      }\n\n      if (typeof iterable.next === \"function\") {\n        return iterable;\n      }\n\n      if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {\n        var i = -1, next = function next() {\n          while (++i < iterable.length) {\n            if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) {\n              next.value = iterable[i];\n              next.done = false;\n              return next;\n            }\n          }\n\n          next.value = undefined;\n          next.done = true;\n\n          return next;\n        };\n\n        return next.next = next;\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Return an iterator with no values.\n    return { next: doneResult };\n  }\n  runtime.values = values;\n\n  function doneResult() {\n    return { value: undefined, done: true };\n  }\n\n  Context.prototype = {\n    constructor: Context,\n\n    reset: function(skipTempReset) {\n      this.prev = 0;\n      this.next = 0;\n      // Resetting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's\n      // function.sent implementation.\n      this.sent = this._sent = undefined;\n      this.done = false;\n      this.delegate = null;\n\n      this.method = \"next\";\n      this.arg = undefined;\n\n      this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry);\n\n      if (!skipTempReset) {\n        for (var name in this) {\n          // Not sure about the optimal order of these conditions:\n          if (name.charAt(0) === \"t\" &&\n              hasOwn.call(this, name) &&\n              !isNaN(+name.slice(1))) {\n            this[name] = undefined;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    stop: function() {\n      this.done = true;\n\n      var rootEntry = this.tryEntries[0];\n      var rootRecord = rootEntry.completion;\n      if (rootRecord.type === \"throw\") {\n        throw rootRecord.arg;\n      }\n\n      return this.rval;\n    },\n\n    dispatchException: function(exception) {\n      if (this.done) {\n        throw exception;\n      }\n\n      var context = this;\n      function handle(loc, caught) {\n        record.type = \"throw\";\n        record.arg = exception;\n        context.next = loc;\n\n        if (caught) {\n          // If the dispatched exception was caught by a catch block,\n          // then let that catch block handle the exception normally.\n          context.method = \"next\";\n          context.arg = undefined;\n        }\n\n        return !! caught;\n      }\n\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        var record = entry.completion;\n\n        if (entry.tryLoc === \"root\") {\n          // Exception thrown outside of any try block that could handle\n          // it, so set the completion value of the entire function to\n          // throw the exception.\n          return handle(\"end\");\n        }\n\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {\n          var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, \"catchLoc\");\n          var hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\");\n\n          if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);\n            } else if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n            }\n\n          } else if (hasCatch) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);\n            }\n\n          } else if (hasFinally) {\n            if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n              return handle(entry.finallyLoc);\n            }\n\n          } else {\n            throw new Error(\"try statement without catch or finally\");\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    abrupt: function(type, arg) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev &&\n            hasOwn.call(entry, \"finallyLoc\") &&\n            this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {\n          var finallyEntry = entry;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (finallyEntry &&\n          (type === \"break\" ||\n           type === \"continue\") &&\n          finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg &&\n          arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc) {\n        // Ignore the finally entry if control is not jumping to a\n        // location outside the try/catch block.\n        finallyEntry = null;\n      }\n\n      var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};\n      record.type = type;\n      record.arg = arg;\n\n      if (finallyEntry) {\n        this.method = \"next\";\n        this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc;\n        return ContinueSentinel;\n      }\n\n      return this.complete(record);\n    },\n\n    complete: function(record, afterLoc) {\n      if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n        throw record.arg;\n      }\n\n      if (record.type === \"break\" ||\n          record.type === \"continue\") {\n        this.next = record.arg;\n      } else if (record.type === \"return\") {\n        this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;\n        this.method = \"return\";\n        this.next = \"end\";\n      } else if (record.type === \"normal\" && afterLoc) {\n        this.next = afterLoc;\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    },\n\n    finish: function(finallyLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) {\n          this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc);\n          resetTryEntry(entry);\n          return ContinueSentinel;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    \"catch\": function(tryLoc) {\n      for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        var entry = this.tryEntries[i];\n        if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {\n          var record = entry.completion;\n          if (record.type === \"throw\") {\n            var thrown = record.arg;\n            resetTryEntry(entry);\n          }\n          return thrown;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // The context.catch method must only be called with a location\n      // argument that corresponds to a known catch block.\n      throw new Error(\"illegal catch attempt\");\n    },\n\n    delegateYield: function(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {\n      this.delegate = {\n        iterator: values(iterable),\n        resultName: resultName,\n        nextLoc: nextLoc\n      };\n\n      if (this.method === \"next\") {\n        // Deliberately forget the last sent value so that we don't\n        // accidentally pass it on to the delegate.\n        this.arg = undefined;\n      }\n\n      return ContinueSentinel;\n    }\n  };\n})(\n  // Among the various tricks for obtaining a reference to the global\n  // object, this seems to be the most reliable technique that does not\n  // use indirect eval (which violates Content Security Policy).\n  typeof global === \"object\" ? global :\n  typeof window === \"object\" ? window :\n  typeof self === \"object\" ? self : this\n);\n","var isConstructor = require('../internals/is-constructor');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\n// `Assert: IsConstructor(argument) is true`\nmodule.exports = function (argument) {\n  if (isConstructor(argument)) return argument;\n  throw $TypeError(tryToString(argument) + ' is not a constructor');\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar charAt = require('../internals/string-multibyte').charAt;\n\n// `AdvanceStringIndex` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-advancestringindex\nmodule.exports = function (S, index, unicode) {\n  return index + (unicode ? charAt(S, index).length : 1);\n};\n","var TO_STRING_TAG_SUPPORT = require('../internals/to-string-tag-support');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classofRaw = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\nvar $Object = Object;\n\n// ES3 wrong here\nvar CORRECT_ARGUMENTS = classofRaw(function () { return arguments; }()) == 'Arguments';\n\n// fallback for IE11 Script Access Denied error\nvar tryGet = function (it, key) {\n  try {\n    return it[key];\n  } catch (error) { /* empty */ }\n};\n\n// getting tag from ES6+ `Object.prototype.toString`\nmodule.exports = TO_STRING_TAG_SUPPORT ? classofRaw : function (it) {\n  var O, tag, result;\n  return it === undefined ? 'Undefined' : it === null ? 'Null'\n    // @@toStringTag case\n    : typeof (tag = tryGet(O = $Object(it), TO_STRING_TAG)) == 'string' ? tag\n    // builtinTag case\n    : CORRECT_ARGUMENTS ? classofRaw(O)\n    // ES3 arguments fallback\n    : (result = classofRaw(O)) == 'Object' && isCallable(O.callee) ? 'Arguments' : result;\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\n\nmodule.exports = !fails(function () {\n  function F() { /* empty */ }\n  F.prototype.constructor = null;\n  // eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- required for testing\n  return Object.getPrototypeOf(new F()) !== F.prototype;\n});\n","// `CreateIterResultObject` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-createiterresultobject\nmodule.exports = function (value, done) {\n  return { value: value, done: done };\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this-clause');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar NATIVE_BIND = require('../internals/function-bind-native');\n\nvar bind = uncurryThis(uncurryThis.bind);\n\n// optional / simple context binding\nmodule.exports = function (fn, that) {\n  aCallable(fn);\n  return that === undefined ? fn : NATIVE_BIND ? bind(fn, that) : function (/* ...args */) {\n    return fn.apply(that, arguments);\n  };\n};\n","var classofRaw = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\n\nmodule.exports = function (fn) {\n  // Nashorn bug:\n  //   https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1128\n  //   https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1130\n  if (classofRaw(fn) === 'Function') return uncurryThis(fn);\n};\n","var classof = require('../internals/classof');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\n\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  if (!isNullOrUndefined(it)) return getMethod(it, ITERATOR)\n    || getMethod(it, '@@iterator')\n    || Iterators[classof(it)];\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\nvar getIteratorMethod = require('../internals/get-iterator-method');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nmodule.exports = function (argument, usingIterator) {\n  var iteratorMethod = arguments.length < 2 ? getIteratorMethod(argument) : usingIterator;\n  if (aCallable(iteratorMethod)) return anObject(call(iteratorMethod, argument));\n  throw $TypeError(tryToString(argument) + ' is not iterable');\n};\n","var getBuiltIn = require('../internals/get-built-in');\n\nmodule.exports = getBuiltIn('document', 'documentElement');\n","var wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\nvar ArrayPrototype = Array.prototype;\n\n// check on default Array iterator\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  return it !== undefined && (Iterators.Array === it || ArrayPrototype[ITERATOR] === it);\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof');\nvar getBuiltIn = require('../internals/get-built-in');\nvar inspectSource = require('../internals/inspect-source');\n\nvar noop = function () { /* empty */ };\nvar empty = [];\nvar construct = getBuiltIn('Reflect', 'construct');\nvar constructorRegExp = /^\\s*(?:class|function)\\b/;\nvar exec = uncurryThis(constructorRegExp.exec);\nvar INCORRECT_TO_STRING = !constructorRegExp.exec(noop);\n\nvar isConstructorModern = function isConstructor(argument) {\n  if (!isCallable(argument)) return false;\n  try {\n    construct(noop, empty, argument);\n    return true;\n  } catch (error) {\n    return false;\n  }\n};\n\nvar isConstructorLegacy = function isConstructor(argument) {\n  if (!isCallable(argument)) return false;\n  switch (classof(argument)) {\n    case 'AsyncFunction':\n    case 'GeneratorFunction':\n    case 'AsyncGeneratorFunction': return false;\n  }\n  try {\n    // we can't check .prototype since constructors produced by .bind haven't it\n    // `Function#toString` throws on some built-it function in some legacy engines\n    // (for example, `DOMQuad` and similar in FF41-)\n    return INCORRECT_TO_STRING || !!exec(constructorRegExp, inspectSource(argument));\n  } catch (error) {\n    return true;\n  }\n};\n\nisConstructorLegacy.sham = true;\n\n// `IsConstructor` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isconstructor\nmodule.exports = !construct || fails(function () {\n  var called;\n  return isConstructorModern(isConstructorModern.call)\n    || !isConstructorModern(Object)\n    || !isConstructorModern(function () { called = true; })\n    || called;\n}) ? isConstructorLegacy : isConstructorModern;\n","var isObject = require('../internals/is-object');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar MATCH = wellKnownSymbol('match');\n\n// `IsRegExp` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isregexp\nmodule.exports = function (it) {\n  var isRegExp;\n  return isObject(it) && ((isRegExp = it[MATCH]) !== undefined ? !!isRegExp : classof(it) == 'RegExp');\n};\n","var bind = require('../internals/function-bind-context');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar tryToString = require('../internals/try-to-string');\nvar isArrayIteratorMethod = require('../internals/is-array-iterator-method');\nvar lengthOfArrayLike = require('../internals/length-of-array-like');\nvar isPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-is-prototype-of');\nvar getIterator = require('../internals/get-iterator');\nvar getIteratorMethod = require('../internals/get-iterator-method');\nvar iteratorClose = require('../internals/iterator-close');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nvar Result = function (stopped, result) {\n  this.stopped = stopped;\n  this.result = result;\n};\n\nvar ResultPrototype = Result.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (iterable, unboundFunction, options) {\n  var that = options && options.that;\n  var AS_ENTRIES = !!(options && options.AS_ENTRIES);\n  var IS_RECORD = !!(options && options.IS_RECORD);\n  var IS_ITERATOR = !!(options && options.IS_ITERATOR);\n  var INTERRUPTED = !!(options && options.INTERRUPTED);\n  var fn = bind(unboundFunction, that);\n  var iterator, iterFn, index, length, result, next, step;\n\n  var stop = function (condition) {\n    if (iterator) iteratorClose(iterator, 'normal', condition);\n    return new Result(true, condition);\n  };\n\n  var callFn = function (value) {\n    if (AS_ENTRIES) {\n      anObject(value);\n      return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value[0], value[1], stop) : fn(value[0], value[1]);\n    } return INTERRUPTED ? fn(value, stop) : fn(value);\n  };\n\n  if (IS_RECORD) {\n    iterator = iterable.iterator;\n  } else if (IS_ITERATOR) {\n    iterator = iterable;\n  } else {\n    iterFn = getIteratorMethod(iterable);\n    if (!iterFn) throw $TypeError(tryToString(iterable) + ' is not iterable');\n    // optimisation for array iterators\n    if (isArrayIteratorMethod(iterFn)) {\n      for (index = 0, length = lengthOfArrayLike(iterable); length > index; index++) {\n        result = callFn(iterable[index]);\n        if (result && isPrototypeOf(ResultPrototype, result)) return result;\n      } return new Result(false);\n    }\n    iterator = getIterator(iterable, iterFn);\n  }\n\n  next = IS_RECORD ? iterable.next : iterator.next;\n  while (!(step = call(next, iterator)).done) {\n    try {\n      result = callFn(step.value);\n    } catch (error) {\n      iteratorClose(iterator, 'throw', error);\n    }\n    if (typeof result == 'object' && result && isPrototypeOf(ResultPrototype, result)) return result;\n  } return new Result(false);\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\n\nmodule.exports = function (iterator, kind, value) {\n  var innerResult, innerError;\n  anObject(iterator);\n  try {\n    innerResult = getMethod(iterator, 'return');\n    if (!innerResult) {\n      if (kind === 'throw') throw value;\n      return value;\n    }\n    innerResult = call(innerResult, iterator);\n  } catch (error) {\n    innerError = true;\n    innerResult = error;\n  }\n  if (kind === 'throw') throw value;\n  if (innerError) throw innerResult;\n  anObject(innerResult);\n  return value;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar IteratorPrototype = require('../internals/iterators-core').IteratorPrototype;\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar createPropertyDescriptor = require('../internals/create-property-descriptor');\nvar setToStringTag = require('../internals/set-to-string-tag');\nvar Iterators = require('../internals/iterators');\n\nvar returnThis = function () { return this; };\n\nmodule.exports = function (IteratorConstructor, NAME, next, ENUMERABLE_NEXT) {\n  var TO_STRING_TAG = NAME + ' Iterator';\n  IteratorConstructor.prototype = create(IteratorPrototype, { next: createPropertyDescriptor(+!ENUMERABLE_NEXT, next) });\n  setToStringTag(IteratorConstructor, TO_STRING_TAG, false, true);\n  Iterators[TO_STRING_TAG] = returnThis;\n  return IteratorConstructor;\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar isObject = require('../internals/is-object');\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar getPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-get-prototype-of');\nvar defineBuiltIn = require('../internals/define-built-in');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar IS_PURE = require('../internals/is-pure');\n\nvar ITERATOR = wellKnownSymbol('iterator');\nvar BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS = false;\n\n// `%IteratorPrototype%` object\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-object\nvar IteratorPrototype, PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype, arrayIterator;\n\n/* eslint-disable es/no-array-prototype-keys -- safe */\nif ([].keys) {\n  arrayIterator = [].keys();\n  // Safari 8 has buggy iterators w/o `next`\n  if (!('next' in arrayIterator)) BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS = true;\n  else {\n    PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype = getPrototypeOf(getPrototypeOf(arrayIterator));\n    if (PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype !== Object.prototype) IteratorPrototype = PrototypeOfArrayIteratorPrototype;\n  }\n}\n\nvar NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE = !isObject(IteratorPrototype) || fails(function () {\n  var test = {};\n  // FF44- legacy iterators case\n  return IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR].call(test) !== test;\n});\n\nif (NEW_ITERATOR_PROTOTYPE) IteratorPrototype = {};\nelse if (IS_PURE) IteratorPrototype = create(IteratorPrototype);\n\n// `%IteratorPrototype%[@@iterator]()` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-%iteratorprototype%-@@iterator\nif (!isCallable(IteratorPrototype[ITERATOR])) {\n  defineBuiltIn(IteratorPrototype, ITERATOR, function () {\n    return this;\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  IteratorPrototype: IteratorPrototype,\n  BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS: BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS\n};\n","module.exports = {};\n","'use strict';\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\nvar PromiseCapability = function (C) {\n  var resolve, reject;\n  this.promise = new C(function ($$resolve, $$reject) {\n    if (resolve !== undefined || reject !== undefined) throw $TypeError('Bad Promise constructor');\n    resolve = $$resolve;\n    reject = $$reject;\n  });\n  this.resolve = aCallable(resolve);\n  this.reject = aCallable(reject);\n};\n\n// `NewPromiseCapability` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-newpromisecapability\nmodule.exports.f = function (C) {\n  return new PromiseCapability(C);\n};\n","/* global ActiveXObject -- old IE, WSH */\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar definePropertiesModule = require('../internals/object-define-properties');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('../internals/enum-bug-keys');\nvar hiddenKeys = require('../internals/hidden-keys');\nvar html = require('../internals/html');\nvar documentCreateElement = require('../internals/document-create-element');\nvar sharedKey = require('../internals/shared-key');\n\nvar GT = '>';\nvar LT = '<';\nvar PROTOTYPE = 'prototype';\nvar SCRIPT = 'script';\nvar IE_PROTO = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');\n\nvar EmptyConstructor = function () { /* empty */ };\n\nvar scriptTag = function (content) {\n  return LT + SCRIPT + GT + content + LT + '/' + SCRIPT + GT;\n};\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use ActiveX Object with cleared prototype\nvar NullProtoObjectViaActiveX = function (activeXDocument) {\n  activeXDocument.write(scriptTag(''));\n  activeXDocument.close();\n  var temp = activeXDocument.parentWindow.Object;\n  activeXDocument = null; // avoid memory leak\n  return temp;\n};\n\n// Create object with fake `null` prototype: use iframe Object with cleared prototype\nvar NullProtoObjectViaIFrame = function () {\n  // Thrash, waste and sodomy: IE GC bug\n  var iframe = documentCreateElement('iframe');\n  var JS = 'java' + SCRIPT + ':';\n  var iframeDocument;\n  iframe.style.display = 'none';\n  html.appendChild(iframe);\n  // https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/475\n  iframe.src = String(JS);\n  iframeDocument = iframe.contentWindow.document;\n  iframeDocument.open();\n  iframeDocument.write(scriptTag('document.F=Object'));\n  iframeDocument.close();\n  return iframeDocument.F;\n};\n\n// Check for document.domain and active x support\n// No need to use active x approach when document.domain is not set\n// see https://github.com/es-shims/es5-shim/issues/150\n// variation of https://github.com/kitcambridge/es5-shim/commit/4f738ac066346\n// avoid IE GC bug\nvar activeXDocument;\nvar NullProtoObject = function () {\n  try {\n    activeXDocument = new ActiveXObject('htmlfile');\n  } catch (error) { /* ignore */ }\n  NullProtoObject = typeof document != 'undefined'\n    ? document.domain && activeXDocument\n      ? NullProtoObjectViaActiveX(activeXDocument) // old IE\n      : NullProtoObjectViaIFrame()\n    : NullProtoObjectViaActiveX(activeXDocument); // WSH\n  var length = enumBugKeys.length;\n  while (length--) delete NullProtoObject[PROTOTYPE][enumBugKeys[length]];\n  return NullProtoObject();\n};\n\nhiddenKeys[IE_PROTO] = true;\n\n// `Object.create` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.create\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-create -- safe\nmodule.exports = Object.create || function create(O, Properties) {\n  var result;\n  if (O !== null) {\n    EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE] = anObject(O);\n    result = new EmptyConstructor();\n    EmptyConstructor[PROTOTYPE] = null;\n    // add \"__proto__\" for Object.getPrototypeOf polyfill\n    result[IE_PROTO] = O;\n  } else result = NullProtoObject();\n  return Properties === undefined ? result : definePropertiesModule.f(result, Properties);\n};\n","var DESCRIPTORS = require('../internals/descriptors');\nvar V8_PROTOTYPE_DEFINE_BUG = require('../internals/v8-prototype-define-bug');\nvar definePropertyModule = require('../internals/object-define-property');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar toIndexedObject = require('../internals/to-indexed-object');\nvar objectKeys = require('../internals/object-keys');\n\n// `Object.defineProperties` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.defineproperties\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-defineproperties -- safe\nexports.f = DESCRIPTORS && !V8_PROTOTYPE_DEFINE_BUG ? Object.defineProperties : function defineProperties(O, Properties) {\n  anObject(O);\n  var props = toIndexedObject(Properties);\n  var keys = objectKeys(Properties);\n  var length = keys.length;\n  var index = 0;\n  var key;\n  while (length > index) definePropertyModule.f(O, key = keys[index++], props[key]);\n  return O;\n};\n","var hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar toObject = require('../internals/to-object');\nvar sharedKey = require('../internals/shared-key');\nvar CORRECT_PROTOTYPE_GETTER = require('../internals/correct-prototype-getter');\n\nvar IE_PROTO = sharedKey('IE_PROTO');\nvar $Object = Object;\nvar ObjectPrototype = $Object.prototype;\n\n// `Object.getPrototypeOf` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.getprototypeof\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-getprototypeof -- safe\nmodule.exports = CORRECT_PROTOTYPE_GETTER ? $Object.getPrototypeOf : function (O) {\n  var object = toObject(O);\n  if (hasOwn(object, IE_PROTO)) return object[IE_PROTO];\n  var constructor = object.constructor;\n  if (isCallable(constructor) && object instanceof constructor) {\n    return constructor.prototype;\n  } return object instanceof $Object ? ObjectPrototype : null;\n};\n","var internalObjectKeys = require('../internals/object-keys-internal');\nvar enumBugKeys = require('../internals/enum-bug-keys');\n\n// `Object.keys` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-object.keys\n// eslint-disable-next-line es/no-object-keys -- safe\nmodule.exports = Object.keys || function keys(O) {\n  return internalObjectKeys(O, enumBugKeys);\n};\n","module.exports = function (exec) {\n  try {\n    return { error: false, value: exec() };\n  } catch (error) {\n    return { error: true, value: error };\n  }\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar isCallable = require('../internals/is-callable');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar regexpExec = require('../internals/regexp-exec');\n\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\n\n// `RegExpExec` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-regexpexec\nmodule.exports = function (R, S) {\n  var exec = R.exec;\n  if (isCallable(exec)) {\n    var result = call(exec, R, S);\n    if (result !== null) anObject(result);\n    return result;\n  }\n  if (classof(R) === 'RegExp') return call(regexpExec, R, S);\n  throw $TypeError('RegExp#exec called on incompatible receiver');\n};\n","'use strict';\n/* eslint-disable regexp/no-empty-capturing-group, regexp/no-empty-group, regexp/no-lazy-ends -- testing */\n/* eslint-disable regexp/no-useless-quantifier -- testing */\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar regexpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-flags');\nvar stickyHelpers = require('../internals/regexp-sticky-helpers');\nvar shared = require('../internals/shared');\nvar create = require('../internals/object-create');\nvar getInternalState = require('../internals/internal-state').get;\nvar UNSUPPORTED_DOT_ALL = require('../internals/regexp-unsupported-dot-all');\nvar UNSUPPORTED_NCG = require('../internals/regexp-unsupported-ncg');\n\nvar nativeReplace = shared('native-string-replace', String.prototype.replace);\nvar nativeExec = RegExp.prototype.exec;\nvar patchedExec = nativeExec;\nvar charAt = uncurryThis(''.charAt);\nvar indexOf = uncurryThis(''.indexOf);\nvar replace = uncurryThis(''.replace);\nvar stringSlice = uncurryThis(''.slice);\n\nvar UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG = (function () {\n  var re1 = /a/;\n  var re2 = /b*/g;\n  call(nativeExec, re1, 'a');\n  call(nativeExec, re2, 'a');\n  return re1.lastIndex !== 0 || re2.lastIndex !== 0;\n})();\n\nvar UNSUPPORTED_Y = stickyHelpers.BROKEN_CARET;\n\n// nonparticipating capturing group, copied from es5-shim's String#split patch.\nvar NPCG_INCLUDED = /()??/.exec('')[1] !== undefined;\n\nvar PATCH = UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG || NPCG_INCLUDED || UNSUPPORTED_Y || UNSUPPORTED_DOT_ALL || UNSUPPORTED_NCG;\n\nif (PATCH) {\n  patchedExec = function exec(string) {\n    var re = this;\n    var state = getInternalState(re);\n    var str = toString(string);\n    var raw = state.raw;\n    var result, reCopy, lastIndex, match, i, object, group;\n\n    if (raw) {\n      raw.lastIndex = re.lastIndex;\n      result = call(patchedExec, raw, str);\n      re.lastIndex = raw.lastIndex;\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    var groups = state.groups;\n    var sticky = UNSUPPORTED_Y && re.sticky;\n    var flags = call(regexpFlags, re);\n    var source = re.source;\n    var charsAdded = 0;\n    var strCopy = str;\n\n    if (sticky) {\n      flags = replace(flags, 'y', '');\n      if (indexOf(flags, 'g') === -1) {\n        flags += 'g';\n      }\n\n      strCopy = stringSlice(str, re.lastIndex);\n      // Support anchored sticky behavior.\n      if (re.lastIndex > 0 && (!re.multiline || re.multiline && charAt(str, re.lastIndex - 1) !== '\\n')) {\n        source = '(?: ' + source + ')';\n        strCopy = ' ' + strCopy;\n        charsAdded++;\n      }\n      // ^(? + rx + ) is needed, in combination with some str slicing, to\n      // simulate the 'y' flag.\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^(?:' + source + ')', flags);\n    }\n\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED) {\n      reCopy = new RegExp('^' + source + '$(?!\\\\s)', flags);\n    }\n    if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG) lastIndex = re.lastIndex;\n\n    match = call(nativeExec, sticky ? reCopy : re, strCopy);\n\n    if (sticky) {\n      if (match) {\n        match.input = stringSlice(match.input, charsAdded);\n        match[0] = stringSlice(match[0], charsAdded);\n        match.index = re.lastIndex;\n        re.lastIndex += match[0].length;\n      } else re.lastIndex = 0;\n    } else if (UPDATES_LAST_INDEX_WRONG && match) {\n      re.lastIndex = re.global ? match.index + match[0].length : lastIndex;\n    }\n    if (NPCG_INCLUDED && match && match.length > 1) {\n      // Fix browsers whose `exec` methods don't consistently return `undefined`\n      // for NPCG, like IE8. NOTE: This doesn't work for /(.?)?/\n      call(nativeReplace, match[0], reCopy, function () {\n        for (i = 1; i < arguments.length - 2; i++) {\n          if (arguments[i] === undefined) match[i] = undefined;\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    if (match && groups) {\n      match.groups = object = create(null);\n      for (i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {\n        group = groups[i];\n        object[group[0]] = match[group[1]];\n      }\n    }\n\n    return match;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = patchedExec;\n","'use strict';\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\n\n// `RegExp.prototype.flags` getter implementation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-get-regexp.prototype.flags\nmodule.exports = function () {\n  var that = anObject(this);\n  var result = '';\n  if (that.hasIndices) result += 'd';\n  if (that.global) result += 'g';\n  if (that.ignoreCase) result += 'i';\n  if (that.multiline) result += 'm';\n  if (that.dotAll) result += 's';\n  if (that.unicode) result += 'u';\n  if (that.unicodeSets) result += 'v';\n  if (that.sticky) result += 'y';\n  return result;\n};\n","var call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar isPrototypeOf = require('../internals/object-is-prototype-of');\nvar regExpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-flags');\n\nvar RegExpPrototype = RegExp.prototype;\n\nmodule.exports = function (R) {\n  var flags = R.flags;\n  return flags === undefined && !('flags' in RegExpPrototype) && !hasOwn(R, 'flags') && isPrototypeOf(RegExpPrototype, R)\n    ? call(regExpFlags, R) : flags;\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('a', 'y') -> /a/y and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nvar UNSUPPORTED_Y = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('a', 'y');\n  re.lastIndex = 2;\n  return re.exec('abcd') != null;\n});\n\n// UC Browser bug\n// https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/issues/1008\nvar MISSED_STICKY = UNSUPPORTED_Y || fails(function () {\n  return !$RegExp('a', 'y').sticky;\n});\n\nvar BROKEN_CARET = UNSUPPORTED_Y || fails(function () {\n  // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773687\n  var re = $RegExp('^r', 'gy');\n  re.lastIndex = 2;\n  return re.exec('str') != null;\n});\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  BROKEN_CARET: BROKEN_CARET,\n  MISSED_STICKY: MISSED_STICKY,\n  UNSUPPORTED_Y: UNSUPPORTED_Y\n};\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('.', 's') -> /./s and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nmodule.exports = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('.', 's');\n  return !(re.dotAll && re.exec('\\n') && re.flags === 's');\n});\n","var fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar global = require('../internals/global');\n\n// babel-minify and Closure Compiler transpiles RegExp('(?<a>b)', 'g') -> /(?<a>b)/g and it causes SyntaxError\nvar $RegExp = global.RegExp;\n\nmodule.exports = fails(function () {\n  var re = $RegExp('(?<a>b)', 'g');\n  return re.exec('b').groups.a !== 'b' ||\n    'b'.replace(re, '$<a>c') !== 'bc';\n});\n","var defineProperty = require('../internals/object-define-property').f;\nvar hasOwn = require('../internals/has-own-property');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\n\nmodule.exports = function (target, TAG, STATIC) {\n  if (target && !STATIC) target = target.prototype;\n  if (target && !hasOwn(target, TO_STRING_TAG)) {\n    defineProperty(target, TO_STRING_TAG, { configurable: true, value: TAG });\n  }\n};\n","var anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar aConstructor = require('../internals/a-constructor');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar SPECIES = wellKnownSymbol('species');\n\n// `SpeciesConstructor` abstract operation\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-speciesconstructor\nmodule.exports = function (O, defaultConstructor) {\n  var C = anObject(O).constructor;\n  var S;\n  return C === undefined || isNullOrUndefined(S = anObject(C)[SPECIES]) ? defaultConstructor : aConstructor(S);\n};\n","var uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this');\nvar toIntegerOrInfinity = require('../internals/to-integer-or-infinity');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar requireObjectCoercible = require('../internals/require-object-coercible');\n\nvar charAt = uncurryThis(''.charAt);\nvar charCodeAt = uncurryThis(''.charCodeAt);\nvar stringSlice = uncurryThis(''.slice);\n\nvar createMethod = function (CONVERT_TO_STRING) {\n  return function ($this, pos) {\n    var S = toString(requireObjectCoercible($this));\n    var position = toIntegerOrInfinity(pos);\n    var size = S.length;\n    var first, second;\n    if (position < 0 || position >= size) return CONVERT_TO_STRING ? '' : undefined;\n    first = charCodeAt(S, position);\n    return first < 0xD800 || first > 0xDBFF || position + 1 === size\n      || (second = charCodeAt(S, position + 1)) < 0xDC00 || second > 0xDFFF\n        ? CONVERT_TO_STRING\n          ? charAt(S, position)\n          : first\n        : CONVERT_TO_STRING\n          ? stringSlice(S, position, position + 2)\n          : (first - 0xD800 << 10) + (second - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;\n  };\n};\n\nmodule.exports = {\n  // `String.prototype.codePointAt` method\n  // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.codepointat\n  codeAt: createMethod(false),\n  // `String.prototype.at` method\n  // https://github.com/mathiasbynens/String.prototype.at\n  charAt: createMethod(true)\n};\n","var wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\n\nvar TO_STRING_TAG = wellKnownSymbol('toStringTag');\nvar test = {};\n\ntest[TO_STRING_TAG] = 'z';\n\nmodule.exports = String(test) === '[object z]';\n","var classof = require('../internals/classof');\n\nvar $String = String;\n\nmodule.exports = function (argument) {\n  if (classof(argument) === 'Symbol') throw TypeError('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string');\n  return $String(argument);\n};\n","'use strict';\nvar $ = require('../internals/export');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar aCallable = require('../internals/a-callable');\nvar newPromiseCapabilityModule = require('../internals/new-promise-capability');\nvar perform = require('../internals/perform');\nvar iterate = require('../internals/iterate');\n\n// `Promise.allSettled` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-promise.allsettled\n$({ target: 'Promise', stat: true }, {\n  allSettled: function allSettled(iterable) {\n    var C = this;\n    var capability = newPromiseCapabilityModule.f(C);\n    var resolve = capability.resolve;\n    var reject = capability.reject;\n    var result = perform(function () {\n      var promiseResolve = aCallable(C.resolve);\n      var values = [];\n      var counter = 0;\n      var remaining = 1;\n      iterate(iterable, function (promise) {\n        var index = counter++;\n        var alreadyCalled = false;\n        remaining++;\n        call(promiseResolve, C, promise).then(function (value) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[index] = { status: 'fulfilled', value: value };\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        }, function (error) {\n          if (alreadyCalled) return;\n          alreadyCalled = true;\n          values[index] = { status: 'rejected', reason: error };\n          --remaining || resolve(values);\n        });\n      });\n      --remaining || resolve(values);\n    });\n    if (result.error) reject(result.value);\n    return capability.promise;\n  }\n});\n","'use strict';\n/* eslint-disable es/no-string-prototype-matchall -- safe */\nvar $ = require('../internals/export');\nvar call = require('../internals/function-call');\nvar uncurryThis = require('../internals/function-uncurry-this-clause');\nvar createIteratorConstructor = require('../internals/iterator-create-constructor');\nvar createIterResultObject = require('../internals/create-iter-result-object');\nvar requireObjectCoercible = require('../internals/require-object-coercible');\nvar toLength = require('../internals/to-length');\nvar toString = require('../internals/to-string');\nvar anObject = require('../internals/an-object');\nvar isNullOrUndefined = require('../internals/is-null-or-undefined');\nvar classof = require('../internals/classof-raw');\nvar isRegExp = require('../internals/is-regexp');\nvar getRegExpFlags = require('../internals/regexp-get-flags');\nvar getMethod = require('../internals/get-method');\nvar defineBuiltIn = require('../internals/define-built-in');\nvar fails = require('../internals/fails');\nvar wellKnownSymbol = require('../internals/well-known-symbol');\nvar speciesConstructor = require('../internals/species-constructor');\nvar advanceStringIndex = require('../internals/advance-string-index');\nvar regExpExec = require('../internals/regexp-exec-abstract');\nvar InternalStateModule = require('../internals/internal-state');\nvar IS_PURE = require('../internals/is-pure');\n\nvar MATCH_ALL = wellKnownSymbol('matchAll');\nvar REGEXP_STRING = 'RegExp String';\nvar REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR = REGEXP_STRING + ' Iterator';\nvar setInternalState = InternalStateModule.set;\nvar getInternalState = InternalStateModule.getterFor(REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR);\nvar RegExpPrototype = RegExp.prototype;\nvar $TypeError = TypeError;\nvar stringIndexOf = uncurryThis(''.indexOf);\nvar nativeMatchAll = uncurryThis(''.matchAll);\n\nvar WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX = !!nativeMatchAll && !fails(function () {\n  nativeMatchAll('a', /./);\n});\n\nvar $RegExpStringIterator = createIteratorConstructor(function RegExpStringIterator(regexp, string, $global, fullUnicode) {\n  setInternalState(this, {\n    type: REGEXP_STRING_ITERATOR,\n    regexp: regexp,\n    string: string,\n    global: $global,\n    unicode: fullUnicode,\n    done: false\n  });\n}, REGEXP_STRING, function next() {\n  var state = getInternalState(this);\n  if (state.done) return createIterResultObject(undefined, true);\n  var R = state.regexp;\n  var S = state.string;\n  var match = regExpExec(R, S);\n  if (match === null) {\n    state.done = true;\n    return createIterResultObject(undefined, true);\n  }\n  if (state.global) {\n    if (toString(match[0]) === '') R.lastIndex = advanceStringIndex(S, toLength(R.lastIndex), state.unicode);\n    return createIterResultObject(match, false);\n  }\n  state.done = true;\n  return createIterResultObject(match, false);\n});\n\nvar $matchAll = function (string) {\n  var R = anObject(this);\n  var S = toString(string);\n  var C = speciesConstructor(R, RegExp);\n  var flags = toString(getRegExpFlags(R));\n  var matcher, $global, fullUnicode;\n  matcher = new C(C === RegExp ? R.source : R, flags);\n  $global = !!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'g');\n  fullUnicode = !!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'u');\n  matcher.lastIndex = toLength(R.lastIndex);\n  return new $RegExpStringIterator(matcher, S, $global, fullUnicode);\n};\n\n// `String.prototype.matchAll` method\n// https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.matchall\n$({ target: 'String', proto: true, forced: WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX }, {\n  matchAll: function matchAll(regexp) {\n    var O = requireObjectCoercible(this);\n    var flags, S, matcher, rx;\n    if (!isNullOrUndefined(regexp)) {\n      if (isRegExp(regexp)) {\n        flags = toString(requireObjectCoercible(getRegExpFlags(regexp)));\n        if (!~stringIndexOf(flags, 'g')) throw $TypeError('`.matchAll` does not allow non-global regexes');\n      }\n      if (WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX) return nativeMatchAll(O, regexp);\n      matcher = getMethod(regexp, MATCH_ALL);\n      if (matcher === undefined && IS_PURE && classof(regexp) == 'RegExp') matcher = $matchAll;\n      if (matcher) return call(matcher, regexp, O);\n    } else if (WORKS_WITH_NON_GLOBAL_REGEX) return nativeMatchAll(O, regexp);\n    S = toString(O);\n    rx = new RegExp(regexp, 'g');\n    return IS_PURE ? call($matchAll, rx, S) : rx[MATCH_ALL](S);\n  }\n});\n\nIS_PURE || MATCH_ALL in RegExpPrototype || defineBuiltIn(RegExpPrototype, MATCH_ALL, $matchAll);\n","// TODO: Remove from `core-js@4`\nrequire('../modules/es.promise.all-settled.js');\n","// TODO: Remove from `core-js@4`\nrequire('../modules/es.string.match-all');\n","const courseSettings = {\n  language: \"fi\",\n  name: \"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023\",\n  siteUrl: \"https://ohjelmointi-23.mooc.fi\",\n  githubUrl: \"https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23\",\n  subtitle: \"Johdatus ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä\",\n  slug: \"ohjelmointi-2023\",\n  organizationName: \"MOOC\",\n  tmcCourse: \"ohjelmointi-2023\",\n  quizzesId: \"6540e753-fc9b-42ab-b137-7d0d66608e5e\",\n  tmcOrganization: \"mooc\",\n  bannerPath: \"banner.svg\",\n  showExerciseDescriptionWhenNotLoggedIn: true,\n  courseVariants: [\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"haaga-helia\",\n      tmcCourse: \"python-2022\",\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"laurea\",\n      tmcCourse: \"laurea-python-syksy-2023\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-kyber23AL\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-KYBER23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-PELI23AL\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-PELI23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-WEB23A\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"hbc\",\n      tmcCourse: \"hbc-python-WEB23B\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"uwasa\",\n      tmcCourse: \"python-2023\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"laurea\",\n      tmcCourse: \"OhjelmointiPerusSyksy2023PythonKKAH\"\n    },\n    {\n      tmcOrganization: \"seamk\",\n      tmcCourse: \"seamk-ohjelmoinnin-perusteet-1-2024\"\n    },\n  ],\n}\n\nmodule.exports = courseSettings\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport { Link } from \"gatsby\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { Button as MaterialButton } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledLink = styled(Link)`\n  margin: 1rem 0.5rem;\n`\n\nconst Button = ({ children, to, onClick, disabled, variant = \"outlined\" }) => (\n  <StyledLink\n    onClick={onClick}\n    to={to === undefined ? false : to}\n    disabled={disabled}\n  >\n    <MaterialButton variant={variant}>{children}</MaterialButton>\n  </StyledLink>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Button)\n","import styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst Container = styled.div`\n  width: 90%;\n  max-width: 800px;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n`\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Container)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport { CircularProgress } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst LoadingWrapper = styled.div`\n  padding: 5rem;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  width: 100%;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.heightHint &&\n    `\n    height: ${props.heightHint};\n  `}\n`\n\nconst Loading = ({ children, loading = true, heightHint = \"500px\" }) => {\n  if (loading) {\n    return (\n      <LoadingWrapper heightHint={heightHint}>\n        <CircularProgress />\n      </LoadingWrapper>\n    )\n  }\n\n  return <Fragment>{children}</Fragment>\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Loading)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport { signOut, getCachedUserDetails } from \"../services/moocfi\"\nimport LoginStateContext, {\n  withLoginStateContext,\n} from \"../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faUser as profileIcon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  margin-right: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass LoginControls extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  doSignOut = (e) => {\n    e.preventDefault()\n    signOut()\n  }\n\n  async componentDidMount() {\n    if (!this.context.loggedIn) {\n      return\n    }\n    const details = await getCachedUserDetails()\n    let name = `${details?.user_field?.first_name || \"\"} ${\n      details?.user_field?.last_name || \"\"\n    }`.trim()\n    if (name === \"\") {\n      name = details.email\n    }\n    this.setState({\n      name,\n    })\n  }\n\n  state = {\n    name: \"Loading...\",\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return this.context.loggedIn ? (\n      <Fragment>\n        <Button to=\"/profile\">\n          <StyledIcon icon={profileIcon} />\n          {this.state.name}\n        </Button>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-out\" onClick={this.doSignOut}>\n          {this.props.t(\"logout\")}\n        </Button>\n      </Fragment>\n    ) : (\n      <Fragment>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-up\">{this.props.t(\"newAccount\")}</Button>\n        <Button to=\"/sign-in\">{this.props.t(\"login\")}</Button>\n      </Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"common\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(withLoginStateContext(LoginControls)),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport { loggedIn, onLoginStateChanged } from \"../services/moocfi\"\n\nconst LoginStateContext = React.createContext()\n\nexport class LoginStateContextProvider extends React.Component {\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props)\n    this.state = {\n      loggedIn: loggedIn(),\n    }\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    onLoginStateChanged((loggedIn) => {\n      this.setState({ loggedIn })\n    })\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      this.setState({\n        loggedIn: loggedIn(),\n      })\n    }, 5000)\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <LoginStateContext.Provider value={{ loggedIn: this.state.loggedIn }}>\n        {this.props.children}\n      </LoginStateContext.Provider>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport function withLoginStateContext(Component) {\n  return (props) => (\n    <LoginStateContextProvider>\n      <Component {...props} />\n    </LoginStateContextProvider>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default LoginStateContext\n","import React from \"react\"\n\nexport default React.createContext()\n","import TmcClient from \"tmc-client-js\"\nimport fetchPonyfill from \"fetch-ponyfill\"\nimport axios from \"axios\"\nimport * as store from \"store\"\nimport { v4 as uuidv4 } from \"uuid\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nconst { fetch } = fetchPonyfill()\nconst BASE_URL = \"https://tmc.mooc.fi/api/v8\"\n\nconst tmcClient = new TmcClient(\n  \"59a09eef080463f90f8c2f29fbf63014167d13580e1de3562e57b9e6e4515182\",\n  \"2ddf92a15a31f87c1aabb712b7cfd1b88f3465465ec475811ccce6febb1bad28\",\n)\n\nconst loginStateListeners = []\n\nexport function authenticate(credentials) {\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    tmcClient.authenticate(credentials).then(\n      (res) => {\n        loginStateChanged()\n        resolve(res)\n      },\n      (err) => {\n        reject(err)\n      },\n    )\n  })\n}\n\nexport function createAccount(data) {\n  data.username = uuidv4()\n  const body = {\n    user: data,\n    origin: CourseSettings.name,\n    language: \"fi\",\n  }\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    fetch(`${BASE_URL}/users`, {\n      body: JSON.stringify(body),\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n      },\n    }).then((res) => {\n      res.json().then((json) => {\n        if (!json.success) {\n          reject(json.errors)\n        } else {\n          resolve(json)\n        }\n      })\n    })\n  })\n}\n\nexport function resetPassword(email) {\n  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n    fetch(`${BASE_URL}/users/password_reset`, {\n      body: JSON.stringify({ email: email, origin: window.location.host }),\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n      },\n    }).then((res) => {\n      res.json().then((json) => {\n        resolve(json)\n      })\n    })\n  })\n}\n\nexport function loggedIn() {\n  return accessToken() ? true : false\n}\n\nexport function signOut() {\n  store.remove(\"tmc.courses\")\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user\")\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  loginStateChanged()\n}\n\nexport function onLoginStateChanged(callback) {\n  loginStateListeners.push(callback)\n}\n\nexport async function userDetails() {\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/users/current?show_user_fields=true&extra_fields=${CourseSettings.slug}`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  store.set(\"tmc.user.details\", res.data)\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function getCachedUserDetails() {\n  let details = store.get(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  if (!details) {\n    details = await userDetails()\n  }\n  return details\n}\n\nconst createHeader = () => ({\n  Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n})\n\nconst setPasswordFields = (\n  user,\n  currentPassword,\n  password,\n  confirmPassword,\n) => {\n  user[\"old_password\"] = currentPassword\n  user[\"password\"] = password\n  user[\"password_repeat\"] = confirmPassword\n}\n\nexport async function updateUserDetails({ extraFields, userField }) {\n  const res = await axios.put(\n    `${BASE_URL}/users/current`,\n    {\n      user: {\n        extra_fields: {\n          namespace: CourseSettings.slug,\n          data: extraFields,\n        },\n      },\n      user_field: userField,\n    },\n    { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}` } },\n  )\n  store.remove(\"tmc.user.details\")\n  await userDetails()\n  return res\n}\n\nexport function updatePassword(currentPassword, password, confirmPassword) {\n  setPasswordFields(userDetails, currentPassword, password, confirmPassword)\n  const id = userDetails[\"id\"]\n\n  return axios\n    .put(`${BASE_URL}/users/${id}`, userDetails, { headers: createHeader() })\n    .then((res) => {\n      return res\n    })\n    .catch((error) => {\n      return Promise.reject(error.response)\n    })\n}\n\nexport async function courseVariants() {\n  let res = await Promise.allSettled(\n    (CourseSettings.courseVariants ?? []).map(async (x) => {\n      const courseRes = await axios.get(\n        `${BASE_URL}/org/${x.tmcOrganization}/courses/${x.tmcCourse}`,\n        {\n          headers: {\n            \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n            Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n          },\n        },\n      )\n      const orgRes = await axios.get(`${BASE_URL}/org/${x.tmcOrganization}`, {\n        headers: { \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\" },\n      })\n      return {\n        key: `${x.tmcOrganization}-${x.tmcCourse}`,\n        tmcCourse: x.tmcCourse,\n        tmcOrganization: x.tmcOrganization,\n        title: courseRes.data.title,\n        organizationName: orgRes.data.name,\n        quizzesId: x.quizzesId ?? CourseSettings.quizzesId,\n      }\n    }),\n  )\n  res = res.filter((x) => x.status === \"fulfilled\").map((x) => x.value)\n  store.set(\"tmc.courses\", res)\n  return res\n}\n\nexport function getCachedCourseVariants() {\n  let variants = store.get(\"tmc.courses\")\n  if (!variants) {\n    variants = courseVariants()\n  }\n  return variants\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingExerciseDetails(exerciseName) {\n  const accessTokenValue = accessToken()\n  const headers = {\n    \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n  }\n  if (accessTokenValue) {\n    headers[\"Authorization\"] = `Bearer ${accessTokenValue}`\n  }\n  const { tmcOrganization, tmcCourse } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/org/${tmcOrganization}/courses/${tmcCourse}/exercises/${exerciseName}`,\n    {\n      headers: headers,\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingExerciseModelSolution(exerciseId) {\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/exercises/${exerciseId}/model_solutions`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchProgrammingProgress(exerciseName) {\n  const { tmcOrganization, tmcCourse } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const res = await axios.get(\n    `${BASE_URL}/org/${tmcOrganization}/courses/${tmcCourse}/users/current/progress`,\n    {\n      headers: {\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}`,\n      },\n    },\n  )\n  return res.data?.points_by_group\n}\n\nexport function canDoResearch() {\n  try {\n    return store.get(\"tmc.user.details\")?.extra_fields?.research === \"1\"\n  } catch (error) {\n    return false\n  }\n}\n\nfunction loginStateChanged() {\n  loginStateListeners.forEach((listener) => {\n    listener(loggedIn())\n  })\n}\n\nexport function accessToken() {\n  try {\n    return store.get(\"tmc.user\").accessToken || null\n  } catch (error) {\n    return null\n  }\n}\n\nexport async function getCourseVariant() {\n  const defaultVariant = {\n    key: `${CourseSettings.tmcOrganization}-${CourseSettings.tmcCourse}`,\n    tmcOrganization: CourseSettings.tmcOrganization,\n    tmcCourse: CourseSettings.tmcCourse,\n    title: CourseSettings.name,\n    organizationName: CourseSettings.organizationName,\n    quizzesId: CourseSettings.quizzesId,\n  }\n\n  const userDetails = loggedIn() && (await getCachedUserDetails())\n  if (userDetails?.extra_fields?.use_course_variant !== \"t\") {\n    return defaultVariant\n  }\n\n  const variant = (await getCachedCourseVariants()).find(\n    (x) => x.key === userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant,\n  )\n\n  return variant || defaultVariant\n}\n","import axios from \"axios\"\nimport { accessToken, getCourseVariant } from \"./moocfi\"\n\nexport async function fetchQuizzesProgress() {\n  const { quizzesId } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const response = await axios.get(\n    `https://quizzes.mooc.fi/api/v2/general/course/${quizzesId}/progress`,\n    { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken()}` } },\n  )\n  return response.data\n}\n\nexport async function fetchQuizNames() {\n  const { quizzesId } = await getCourseVariant()\n  const response = await axios.get(\n    `https://quizzes.mooc.fi/api/v2/general/course/${quizzesId}/quiz-titles`,\n  )\n  return response.data\n}\n","import i18n from \"i18next\"\nimport { initReactI18next } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../course-settings\"\nimport commonEN from \"./locales/common/en\"\nimport pointsBalloonEN from \"./locales/pointsBalloon/en\"\nimport userEN from \"./locales/user/en\"\nimport commonFI from \"./locales/common/fi\"\nimport pointsBalloonFI from \"./locales/pointsBalloon/fi\"\nimport userFI from \"./locales/user/fi\"\n\nconst resources = {\n  en: {\n    common: commonEN,\n    \"points-balloon\": pointsBalloonEN,\n    user: userEN,\n  },\n  fi: {\n    common: commonFI,\n    \"points-balloon\": pointsBalloonFI,\n    user: userFI,\n  },\n}\n\ni18n.use(initReactI18next).init({\n  resources,\n  ns: [\"common\", \"user\", \"points-balloon\"],\n  defaultNS: \"common\",\n  react: {\n    wait: true,\n  },\n  lng: CourseSettings.language,\n})\n\nexport default i18n\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport logo from \"../images/logo.png\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport \"typeface-open-sans-condensed\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst LogoImg = styled.img`\n  width: 3.4em;\n  height: 3.4em;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n`\n\nconst LogoTypography = styled.div`\n  flex: 1;\n  font-family: \"Open Sans Condensed\", sans-serif !important;\n  font-size: 1.75em !important;\n`\n\nconst StyledLink = styled.a`\n  text-decoration: none;\n  color: black;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  padding: 1em;\n  padding-right: 1.7em;\n  height: 64px;\n  background-color: white;\n\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n  }\n`\n\nconst Logo = () => (\n  <StyledLink href=\"https://mooc.fi\">\n    <LogoImg src={logo} />\n    <LogoTypography variant=\"title\" color=\"inherit\">\n      MOOC.fi\n    </LogoTypography>\n  </StyledLink>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Logo)\n","export default \"data:image/png;base64,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\"","// Used for animations\nimport { createGlobalStyle } from \"styled-components\"\n\ncreateGlobalStyle`\n  .render-element-off-screen-for-measurement {\n    position: absolute !important;\n    top: -100000px !important;\n    height: auto !important;\n  }\n`\n\nconst saveHeight = (element, height) => {\n  element.style.setProperty(\"--calculated-height\", height)\n}\n\nconst calculateElementHeightOffScreen = (element) => {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    element.classList.add(\"render-element-off-screen-for-measurement\")\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      const height = element.getBoundingClientRect().height\n      element.classList.remove(\"render-element-off-screen-for-measurement\")\n      resolve(height)\n    }, 100)\n  })\n}\n\nconst calculateElementHeight = async (element) => {\n  let { height } = element.getBoundingClientRect()\n  if (height === 0) {\n    height = await calculateElementHeightOffScreen(element)\n  }\n  saveHeight(element, height)\n}\n\nexport const trackElementHeight = (element) => {\n  if (element === null) {\n    return\n  }\n  element.classList.add(\"track-element-height-changes-for-animations\")\n  calculateElementHeight(element)\n}\n\nconst trackHeight = () => {\n  window.addEventListener(\"resize\", () => {\n    document\n      .querySelectorAll(\".track-element-height-changes-for-animations\")\n      .forEach((e) => {\n        calculateElementHeight(e)\n      })\n  })\n}\n\nexport default trackHeight\n","import * as React from 'react';\nimport createSvgIcon from '../../utils/createSvgIcon';\n/**\n * @ignore - internal component.\n */\n\nexport default createSvgIcon( /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n  d: \"M12 12c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4-4 1.79-4 4 1.79 4 4 4zm0 2c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z\"\n}), 'Person');","import _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport Person from '../internal/svg-icons/Person';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: {\n      position: 'relative',\n      display: 'flex',\n      alignItems: 'center',\n      justifyContent: 'center',\n      flexShrink: 0,\n      width: 40,\n      height: 40,\n      fontFamily: theme.typography.fontFamily,\n      fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(20),\n      lineHeight: 1,\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      overflow: 'hidden',\n      userSelect: 'none'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if not `src` or `srcSet`. */\n    colorDefault: {\n      color: theme.palette.background.default,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.type === 'light' ? theme.palette.grey[400] : theme.palette.grey[600]\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"circle\"`. */\n    circle: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"circular\"`. */\n    circular: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"rounded\"`. */\n    rounded: {\n      borderRadius: theme.shape.borderRadius\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"square\"`. */\n    square: {\n      borderRadius: 0\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the img element if either `src` or `srcSet` is defined. */\n    img: {\n      width: '100%',\n      height: '100%',\n      textAlign: 'center',\n      // Handle non-square image. The property isn't supported by IE 11.\n      objectFit: 'cover',\n      // Hide alt text.\n      color: 'transparent',\n      // Hide the image broken icon, only works on Chrome.\n      textIndent: 10000\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the fallback icon */\n    fallback: {\n      width: '75%',\n      height: '75%'\n    }\n  };\n};\nfunction useLoaded(_ref) {\n  var src = _ref.src,\n    srcSet = _ref.srcSet;\n  var _React$useState = React.useState(false),\n    loaded = _React$useState[0],\n    setLoaded = _React$useState[1];\n  React.useEffect(function () {\n    if (!src && !srcSet) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    setLoaded(false);\n    var active = true;\n    var image = new Image();\n    image.src = src;\n    image.srcSet = srcSet;\n    image.onload = function () {\n      if (!active) {\n        return;\n      }\n      setLoaded('loaded');\n    };\n    image.onerror = function () {\n      if (!active) {\n        return;\n      }\n      setLoaded('error');\n    };\n    return function () {\n      active = false;\n    };\n  }, [src, srcSet]);\n  return loaded;\n}\nvar Avatar = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Avatar(props, ref) {\n  var alt = props.alt,\n    childrenProp = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    Component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'div' : _props$component,\n    imgProps = props.imgProps,\n    sizes = props.sizes,\n    src = props.src,\n    srcSet = props.srcSet,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'circular' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"alt\", \"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"component\", \"imgProps\", \"sizes\", \"src\", \"srcSet\", \"variant\"]);\n  var children = null; // Use a hook instead of onError on the img element to support server-side rendering.\n\n  var loaded = useLoaded({\n    src: src,\n    srcSet: srcSet\n  });\n  var hasImg = src || srcSet;\n  var hasImgNotFailing = hasImg && loaded !== 'error';\n  if (hasImgNotFailing) {\n    children = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"img\", _extends({\n      alt: alt,\n      src: src,\n      srcSet: srcSet,\n      sizes: sizes,\n      className: classes.img\n    }, imgProps));\n  } else if (childrenProp != null) {\n    children = childrenProp;\n  } else if (hasImg && alt) {\n    children = alt[0];\n  } else {\n    children = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Person, {\n      className: classes.fallback\n    });\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Component, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, classes.system, classes[variant], className, !hasImgNotFailing && classes.colorDefault),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), children);\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiAvatar'\n})(Avatar);","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport { Motion, spring } from \"react-motion\"\n\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faCaretRight } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport { trackElementHeight } from \"../../util/trackHeight\"\nimport GatsbyLink from \"gatsby-link\"\nimport { Location } from \"@reach/router\"\nimport Avatar from \"@material-ui/core/Avatar\"\nimport Chip from \"@material-ui/core/Chip\"\nimport Divider from \"@material-ui/core/Divider\"\n\nimport { faUnlockAlt as icon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst ChildrenList = styled.ul`\n  height: calc(var(--open-ratio) * var(--calculated-height) * 1px);\n  overflow: hidden;\n  margin-left: 0;\n`\n\nconst ListItem = styled.li`\n  list-style-type: none;\n  margin-bottom: 0;\n  padding: 0.75em;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n`\n\nconst ListItemLabel = styled.div`\n  flex: 1;\n  padding: 0.3em;\n`\n\nconst NavigationLink = styled(GatsbyLink)`\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n  width: 100%;\n  background-color: white;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.active === \"t\" &&\n    `\n    border-color: #f75b4b !important;\n    background-color: #edeaea;\n  `}\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    background-color: #f5ebeb;\n    border-color: #f5ebeb;\n    //filter: brightness(0.5);\n  }\n`\n\nconst DisabledItem = styled.div`\n  opacity: 0.5;\n  width: 100%;\n  cursor: default !important;\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n`\n\nconst DisabledItemWithLink = styled(GatsbyLink)`\n  opacity: 0.5;\n  width: 100%;\n  border-left: 0.5em solid white;\n  background-color: white;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.active === \"t\" &&\n    `\n    border-color: #f75b4b !important;\n    background-color: #edeaea;\n  `}\n  :hover {\n    text-decoration: none;\n    color: black;\n    background-color: #f5ebeb;\n    border-color: #f5ebeb;\n    //filter: brightness(0.5);\n  }\n`\n\nconst ItemTitleWrapper = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n\n  a {\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n  }\n\n  &.active-section {\n    background-color: #ffdfdf;\n    border-top-left-radius: 5px;\n    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;\n    a {\n      color: black;\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-left: 0.5em;\n  transform: rotate(calc(var(--open-ratio) * 90deg));\n`\n\nconst StyledChip = styled(Chip)`\n  span {\n    width: 6.5em;\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledDivider = styled(Divider)`\n  margin: 1em 16px !important;\n`\n\nconst Centered = styled.div`\n  text-align: center;\n  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass TreeViewItem extends React.Component {\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props)\n    this.state = {\n      childrenVisible: props.item.childrenVisibleByDefault || false,\n    }\n    this.childrenListRef = React.createRef()\n  }\n\n  onClick = () => {\n    this.setState((prev) => ({\n      childrenVisible: !prev.childrenVisible,\n    }))\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    if (this.props.item.children) {\n      trackElementHeight(this.childrenListRef.current)\n    }\n  }\n  render() {\n    if (this.props.item.separator) {\n      return (\n        <Centered>\n          <StyledDivider />\n          <b>{this.props.item.title}</b>\n        </Centered>\n      )\n    }\n    return (\n      <React.Fragment>\n        <Location>\n          {({ navigate, location }) => {\n            let active =\n              location.pathname === this.props.item.path ||\n              location.pathname.includes(this.props.item.path + \"/\")\n            if (this.props.item.path === \"/\") {\n              active = location.pathname === this.props.item.path\n            }\n            return (\n              <Motion\n                style={{\n                  openRatio: spring(this.state.childrenVisible ? 1 : 0),\n                }}\n              >\n                {({ openRatio }) => (\n                  <React.Fragment>\n                    <ItemTitleWrapper\n                      className={`nav-item-${this.props.item.title\n                        .toLowerCase()\n                        .replace(/ /g, \"-\")}`}\n                    >\n                      {this.props.item.children && (\n                        <StyledIcon\n                          style={{ \"--open-ratio\": `${openRatio}` }}\n                          icon={faCaretRight}\n                          size=\"1x\"\n                        />\n                      )}\n                      <LinkWrapper\n                        to={this.props.item.path || \"#\"}\n                        active={active ? \"t\" : \"f\"}\n                        disabled={this.props.item.tba}\n                      >\n                        <ListItem onClick={this.onClick}>\n                          <ListItemLabel>{this.props.item.title}</ListItemLabel>\n                          {this.props.item.tba && (\n                            <StyledChip\n                              avatar={\n                                <Avatar>\n                                  <FontAwesomeIcon icon={icon} />\n                                </Avatar>\n                              }\n                              label={this.props.item.tba}\n                            />\n                          )}\n                        </ListItem>\n                      </LinkWrapper>\n                    </ItemTitleWrapper>\n                    {this.props.item.children && (\n                      <ChildrenList\n                        innerRef={this.childrenListRef}\n                        style={{ \"--open-ratio\": `${openRatio}` }}\n                      >\n                        {this.props.item.children.map((i) => (\n                          <TreeViewItem key={i.title} item={i} />\n                        ))}\n                      </ChildrenList>\n                    )}\n                  </React.Fragment>\n                )}\n              </Motion>\n            )\n          }}\n        </Location>\n      </React.Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nfunction LinkWrapper(props) {\n  if (props.disabled) {\n    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === \"production\") {\n      return <DisabledItem {...props} />\n    }\n    return <DisabledItemWithLink {...props} />\n  }\n  return <NavigationLink {...props} />\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(TreeViewItem)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport TreeViewItem from \"./TreeViewItem\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst StyledUl = styled.ul`\n  margin-left: 0;\n  margin-top: 0.5em;\n  padding-left: 0;\n`\n\nclass TreeView extends React.Component {\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <StyledUl>\n        {this.props.data.map((top) => (\n          <TreeViewItem key={top.title} item={top} spy />\n        ))}\n      </StyledUl>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(TreeView)\n","export const SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT = \"900px\"\nexport const MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT = \"1200px\"\nexport const MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = \"245px\"\nexport const LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = \"324px\"\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { graphql, StaticQuery } from \"gatsby\"\nimport { Button } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nimport Logo from \"./Logo\"\nimport TreeView from \"./TreeView\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\n\nimport { faBars, faTimes } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport {\n  MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT,\n  SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT,\n  MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n} from \"../util/constants\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  vertical-align: middle;\n  margin-right: 0.5em;\n  margin-left: 0.1em;\n  color: var(--color);\n  font-size: 1.5em;\n`\n\nconst SidebarContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  background-color: white;\n\n  ${(props) =>\n    !props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n      display: none;\n    `}\n\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    height: 100%;\n    width: ${LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    background-color: white;\n    z-index: 100;\n    box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),\n      0px 1px 1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14), 0px 2px 1px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);\n    overflow-y: scroll;\n    display: flex;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: ${MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n    font-size: 0.85rem;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: 90%;\n    max-width: 500px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n  }\n`\nconst LogoContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  background-color: white;\n  justify-content: space-around;\n  align-content: center;\n  align-items: center;\n`\n\nconst TreeViewContainer = styled.nav`\n  flex: 1;\n  margin-bottom: 1em;\n`\n\nconst Brand = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  text-align: center;\n  padding: 1em;\n  padding-top: 2em;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  color: #c0392b;\n  font-size: 1.15em;\n`\n\nconst MenuExpanderWrapper = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  margin-top: 1em;\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    display: none;\n  }\n`\n\nconst MobileWrapper = styled.div`\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 999999999;\n    overflow-y: scroll;\n    background-color: white;\n  }\n`\n\nconst MobileWrapperOrFragment = (props) => {\n  if (props.mobileMenuOpen) {\n    return <MobileWrapper {...props} />\n  }\n  return <div>{props.children}</div>\n}\n\nconst Sidebar = (props) => {\n  let edges =\n    props.data?.allMarkdownRemark?.edges.map((o) => o.node?.frontmatter) || []\n  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === \"production\") {\n    edges = edges.filter((o) => !o.hidden)\n  }\n\n  edges = edges\n    .filter((o) => !o.hide_in_sidebar)\n    .sort((a, b) =>\n      a.title.localeCompare(b.title, undefined, {\n        numeric: true,\n        sensitivity: \"base\",\n      }),\n    )\n\n  let coursePartEdges = edges.filter(\n    (o) => !o.information_page && !o.course_info_page && !o.upcoming,\n  )\n\n  let informationPageEdges = edges\n    .filter((o) => o.information_page || o.course_info_page)\n    .sort((a, b) => b.sidebar_priority - a.sidebar_priority)\n\n  let upcomingPageEdges = edges\n    .filter((o) => o.upcoming)\n    .map((o) => ({\n      title: o.title,\n      tba: o.upcoming,\n      path: o.path,\n      separator_after: o.separator_after,\n    }))\n\n  let content = informationPageEdges\n    .concat(coursePartEdges)\n    .concat(upcomingPageEdges)\n\n  let separatorEdges = []\n  content.forEach((edge) => {\n    if (edge.separator_after) {\n      separatorEdges.push(edge)\n    }\n  })\n\n  separatorEdges.forEach((edge) => {\n    let middlepoint = content.findIndex((o) => o.title === edge.title)\n    content.splice(middlepoint + 1, 0, {\n      separator: true,\n      title: edge.separator_after,\n    })\n  })\n\n  return (\n    <MobileWrapperOrFragment mobileMenuOpen={props.mobileMenuOpen}>\n      <MenuExpanderWrapper>\n        <Button\n          variant=\"outlined\"\n          color=\"primary\"\n          onClick={props.toggleMobileMenu}\n        >\n          {props.mobileMenuOpen ? (\n            <span>\n              <StyledIcon icon={faTimes} />\n              Sulje valikko\n            </span>\n          ) : (\n            <span>\n              <StyledIcon icon={faBars} />\n              Avaa valikko\n            </span>\n          )}\n        </Button>\n      </MenuExpanderWrapper>\n      <SidebarContainer mobileMenuOpen={props.mobileMenuOpen}>\n        <Brand>{CourseSettings.name}</Brand>\n        <TreeViewContainer>\n          <TreeView data={content} />\n        </TreeViewContainer>\n        <LogoContainer>\n          <Logo />\n        </LogoContainer>\n      </SidebarContainer>\n    </MobileWrapperOrFragment>\n  )\n}\n\nconst query = graphql`\n  query {\n    allMarkdownRemark(\n      filter: { fileAbsolutePath: { regex: \"/index.md|data/[^/]+/*.md/\" } }\n      sort: { fields: [frontmatter___path] }\n    ) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          id\n          frontmatter {\n            title\n            information_page\n            course_info_page\n            path\n            hidden\n            separator_after\n            upcoming\n            hide_in_sidebar\n            sidebar_priority\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst SidebarWithData = (props) => (\n  <StaticQuery\n    query={query}\n    render={(data) => <Sidebar data={data} {...props} />}\n  />\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(SidebarWithData)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nconst ContentAreaContainer = styled.main`\n  padding: 0 0.5rem;\n  background-color: #fcfcfc;\n  margin-bottom: 5rem;\n  min-height: 80vh;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n  display: none;\n  `}\n`\n\nclass ContentArea extends React.Component {\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <ContentAreaContainer\n        mobileMenuOpen={this.props.mobileMenuOpen}\n        className=\"content-area\"\n      >\n        {this.props.children}\n      </ContentAreaContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(ContentArea)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport LoginControls from \"./LoginControls\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport LoginStateContext, {\n  withLoginStateContext,\n} from \"../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faChartLine as pointsIcon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nconst TopBarContainer = styled.div`\n  height: 4rem;\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: flex-end;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: 1200px) {\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n`\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  margin-right: 0.5rem;\n`\n\nclass TopBar extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <TopBarContainer>\n        {CourseSettings.useNewPointsVisualization && this.context.loggedIn && (\n          <Button to=\"/progress\">\n            <StyledIcon icon={pointsIcon} />\n            Pisteet\n          </Button>\n        )}\n        <LoginControls />\n      </TopBarContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(withLoginStateContext(TopBar))\n","export default __webpack_public_path__ + \"static/banner-84ef18e01729a6202c2c9b3c8ef46a38.svg\";","export default __webpack_public_path__ + \"static/moocfi-logo-bw-40fb2db8a1b68fff676338919b31ae7c.png\";","import React, { useContext } from \"react\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport BackgroundImage from \"../images/banner.svg\"\nimport { Card, CardContent } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport { Link } from \"gatsby\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport CourseSettings from \"../../course-settings\"\n\nimport UHLogo from \"../images/uh-logo.png\"\nimport MoocfiLogo from \"../images/moocfi-logo-bw.png\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport {\n  faTwitter,\n  faFacebook,\n  faYoutube,\n  faGithub,\n} from \"@fortawesome/free-brands-svg-icons\"\nimport Button from \"./Button\"\nimport PagesContext from \"../contexes/PagesContext\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  color: black;\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\n  margin: 1rem;\n`\n\nconst SocialContainer = styled.div``\n\nconst ContentContainer = styled.div`\n  padding: 1rem 0;\n`\n\nconst GithubContainer = styled.div`\n  padding-top: 1rem;\n  a {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n  }\n`\n\nconst ButtonContainer = styled.div`\n  padding: 1rem 0;\n`\n\nconst FooterWrapper = styled.footer`\n  height: 35rem;\n  position: relative;\n  a {\n    color: #006fe6;\n  }\n`\n\nconst FooterBackground = styled.div`\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  right: 0;\n  bottom: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n  background-image: url(${BackgroundImage});\n  filter: invert(1) grayscale(1) brightness(1.5) opacity(0.5);\n  z-index: -50000;\n`\n\nconst FooterContent = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n`\n\nconst StyledCard = styled(Card)`\n  width: 90%;\n  max-width: 800px;\n`\n\nconst StyledCardContent = styled(CardContent)`\n  flex-direction: column;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n`\n\nconst BrandsContainer = styled.div`\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: center;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n  img {\n    height: 6rem;\n    width: auto;\n    margin: 1rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst Footer = ({ t }) => {\n  const pagesContextValue = useContext(PagesContext)\n  const filePath = pagesContextValue?.current?.filePath\n\n  return (\n    <FooterWrapper>\n      <FooterBackground />\n      <FooterContent>\n        <StyledCard>\n          <StyledCardContent>\n            <GithubContainer>\n              <a\n                href={CourseSettings.githubUrl}\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faGithub} size=\"3x\" title={t(\"footer-src\")} />\n                <div>{t(\"footer-src\")}</div>\n              </a>\n            </GithubContainer>\n            <ButtonContainer>\n              <Button to=\"/report-issue\">{t(\"footer-report-issue\")}</Button>\n              {filePath && (\n                <Button to={`/edit-page?path=${filePath}`}>\n                  {t(\"footer-edit-page\")}\n                </Button>\n              )}\n            </ButtonContainer>\n            <ContentContainer>\n              {t(\"makers\")}{\" \"}\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/data-driven-education\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                {t(\"rage\")}\n              </a>\n              .\n            </ContentContainer>\n\n            <ContentContainer>\n              <Link to=\"/credits\">{t(\"credits\")}</Link>.\n            </ContentContainer>\n            <SocialContainer>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://twitter.com/moocfi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"twitter-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faTwitter} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Moocfi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"facebook-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faFacebook} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkHoQ5p9skFdyjrV3_tnUrA\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n                aria-label={t(\"facebook-aria\")}\n              >\n                <StyledIcon icon={faYoutube} size=\"3x\" />\n              </a>\n            </SocialContainer>\n            <BrandsContainer>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://helsinki.fi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <img alt=\"Helsingin yliopisto\" src={UHLogo} />\n              </a>\n              <a\n                href=\"https://mooc.fi\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\n              >\n                <img alt=\"MOOC.fi\" src={MoocfiLogo} />\n              </a>\n            </BrandsContainer>\n          </StyledCardContent>\n        </StyledCard>\n      </FooterContent>\n    </FooterWrapper>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"common\")(withSimpleErrorBoundary(Footer))\n","export default 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\"","import _objectWithoutProperties from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/objectWithoutProperties\";\nimport _extends from \"@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/extends\";\nimport * as React from 'react';\nimport clsx from 'clsx';\nimport { chainPropTypes } from '@material-ui/utils';\nimport withStyles from '../styles/withStyles';\nimport ButtonBase from '../ButtonBase';\nimport capitalize from '../utils/capitalize';\nexport var styles = function styles(theme) {\n  return {\n    /* Styles applied to the root element. */\n    root: _extends({}, theme.typography.button, {\n      boxSizing: 'border-box',\n      minHeight: 36,\n      transition: theme.transitions.create(['background-color', 'box-shadow', 'border'], {\n        duration: theme.transitions.duration.short\n      }),\n      borderRadius: '50%',\n      padding: 0,\n      minWidth: 0,\n      width: 56,\n      height: 56,\n      boxShadow: theme.shadows[6],\n      '&:active': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[12]\n      },\n      color: theme.palette.getContrastText(theme.palette.grey[300]),\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300],\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey.A100,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[300]\n        },\n        '&$disabled': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n        },\n        textDecoration: 'none'\n      },\n      '&$focusVisible': {\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[6]\n      },\n      '&$disabled': {\n        color: theme.palette.action.disabled,\n        boxShadow: theme.shadows[0],\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.action.disabledBackground\n      }\n    }),\n    /* Styles applied to the span element that wraps the children. */\n    label: {\n      width: '100%',\n      // assure the correct width for iOS Safari\n      display: 'inherit',\n      alignItems: 'inherit',\n      justifyContent: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"primary\"`. */\n    primary: {\n      color: theme.palette.primary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"secondary\"`. */\n    secondary: {\n      color: theme.palette.secondary.contrastText,\n      backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,\n      '&:hover': {\n        backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.dark,\n        // Reset on touch devices, it doesn't add specificity\n        '@media (hover: none)': {\n          backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main\n        }\n      }\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `variant=\"extended\"`. */\n    extended: {\n      borderRadius: 48 / 2,\n      padding: '0 16px',\n      width: 'auto',\n      minHeight: 'auto',\n      minWidth: 48,\n      height: 48,\n      '&$sizeSmall': {\n        width: 'auto',\n        padding: '0 8px',\n        borderRadius: 34 / 2,\n        minWidth: 34,\n        height: 34\n      },\n      '&$sizeMedium': {\n        width: 'auto',\n        padding: '0 16px',\n        borderRadius: 40 / 2,\n        minWidth: 40,\n        height: 40\n      }\n    },\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the ButtonBase root element if the button is keyboard focused. */\n    focusVisible: {},\n    /* Pseudo-class applied to the root element if `disabled={true}`. */\n    disabled: {},\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `color=\"inherit\"`. */\n    colorInherit: {\n      color: 'inherit'\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"small\"``. */\n    sizeSmall: {\n      width: 40,\n      height: 40\n    },\n    /* Styles applied to the root element if `size=\"medium\"``. */\n    sizeMedium: {\n      width: 48,\n      height: 48\n    }\n  };\n};\nvar Fab = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function Fab(props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    classes = props.classes,\n    className = props.className,\n    _props$color = props.color,\n    color = _props$color === void 0 ? 'default' : _props$color,\n    _props$component = props.component,\n    component = _props$component === void 0 ? 'button' : _props$component,\n    _props$disabled = props.disabled,\n    disabled = _props$disabled === void 0 ? false : _props$disabled,\n    _props$disableFocusRi = props.disableFocusRipple,\n    disableFocusRipple = _props$disableFocusRi === void 0 ? false : _props$disableFocusRi,\n    focusVisibleClassName = props.focusVisibleClassName,\n    _props$size = props.size,\n    size = _props$size === void 0 ? 'large' : _props$size,\n    _props$variant = props.variant,\n    variant = _props$variant === void 0 ? 'circular' : _props$variant,\n    other = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"classes\", \"className\", \"color\", \"component\", \"disabled\", \"disableFocusRipple\", \"focusVisibleClassName\", \"size\", \"variant\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(ButtonBase, _extends({\n    className: clsx(classes.root, className, size !== 'large' && classes[\"size\".concat(capitalize(size))], disabled && classes.disabled, variant === 'extended' && classes.extended, {\n      'primary': classes.primary,\n      'secondary': classes.secondary,\n      'inherit': classes.colorInherit\n    }[color]),\n    component: component,\n    disabled: disabled,\n    focusRipple: !disableFocusRipple,\n    focusVisibleClassName: clsx(classes.focusVisible, focusVisibleClassName),\n    ref: ref\n  }, other), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n    className: classes.label\n  }, children));\n});\nprocess.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\" ? void 0 : void 0;\nexport default withStyles(styles, {\n  name: 'MuiFab'\n})(Fab);","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport Fab from \"@material-ui/core/Fab\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { FontAwesomeIcon } from \"@fortawesome/react-fontawesome\"\nimport { faChartLine as icon } from \"@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons\"\n\nconst StyledIcon = styled(FontAwesomeIcon)`\n  color: white;\n  font-size: 1.5em !important;\n`\n\nconst StyledFab = styled(Fab)`\n  background-color: #00a5ff !important;\n`\n\nconst PointsBalloonBalloon = ({ onClick }) => (\n  <StyledFab onClick={onClick}>\n    <StyledIcon icon={icon} />\n  </StyledFab>\n)\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloonBalloon)\n","export function flatten(arr) {\n  return arr.reduce(function (flat, toFlatten) {\n    return flat.concat(\n      Array.isArray(toFlatten) ? flatten(toFlatten) : toFlatten,\n    )\n  }, [])\n}\n\nexport function zip(arr, ...arrs) {\n  return arr.map((val, i) => arrs.reduce((a, arr) => [...a, arr[i]], [val]))\n}\n\nexport function getCommonElements(array1, array2) {\n  return array1.filter((value) => -1 !== array2.indexOf(value))\n}\n","import { fetchProgrammingProgress } from \"./moocfi\"\nimport { zip } from \"../util/arrays\"\nimport { fetchQuizzesProgress } from \"./quizzes\"\n\n//eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst introductionCourseGroups = [\n  \"osa01\",\n  \"osa02\",\n  \"osa03\",\n  \"osa04\",\n  \"osa05\",\n  \"osa06\",\n  \"osa07\",\n]\n\nexport async function fetchProgress(t) {\n  // await fetchQuizzesProgress()\n  const serviceIdentifiers = [t(\"programmingService\"), t(\"quizService\")]\n  const progressesCollection = await Promise.all([\n    fetchProgrammingProgress(),\n    fetchQuizzesProgress(),\n  ])\n  // const userDetails = await getCachedUserDetails()\n  // const currentCourseVariant = userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant\n  const progressByGroup = {}\n\n  zip(serviceIdentifiers, progressesCollection).forEach(\n    ([identifier, progresses]) => {\n      console.log(JSON.stringify(progresses))\n      progresses.forEach((progressEntry) => {\n        if (!progressByGroup[progressEntry.group]) {\n          progressByGroup[progressEntry.group] = {}\n        }\n        progressByGroup[progressEntry.group][identifier] = progressEntry\n      })\n    },\n  )\n  const toBeDeleted = []\n  Object.entries(progressByGroup).forEach(([group, serviceEntries]) => {\n    if (\n      !Object.keys(serviceEntries).find((o) => o === t(\"programmingService\"))\n    ) {\n      toBeDeleted.push(group)\n    }\n  })\n  // TODO: this is not a good way to do this\n  toBeDeleted.forEach((o) => {\n    delete progressByGroup[o]\n  })\n  return progressByGroup\n}\n","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nfunction _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport { isValidElement } from 'react';\nvar SVGContainerPropKeys = ['viewBox', 'children'];\nvar SVGElementPropKeys = ['aria-activedescendant', 'aria-atomic', 'aria-autocomplete', 'aria-busy', 'aria-checked', 'aria-colcount', 'aria-colindex', 'aria-colspan', 'aria-controls', 'aria-current', 'aria-describedby', 'aria-details', 'aria-disabled', 'aria-errormessage', 'aria-expanded', 'aria-flowto', 'aria-haspopup', 'aria-hidden', 'aria-invalid', 'aria-keyshortcuts', 'aria-label', 'aria-labelledby', 'aria-level', 'aria-live', 'aria-modal', 'aria-multiline', 'aria-multiselectable', 'aria-orientation', 'aria-owns', 'aria-placeholder', 'aria-posinset', 'aria-pressed', 'aria-readonly', 'aria-relevant', 'aria-required', 'aria-roledescription', 'aria-rowcount', 'aria-rowindex', 'aria-rowspan', 'aria-selected', 'aria-setsize', 'aria-sort', 'aria-valuemax', 'aria-valuemin', 'aria-valuenow', 'aria-valuetext', 'className', 'color', 'height', 'id', 'lang', 'max', 'media', 'method', 'min', 'name', 'style', 'target', 'type', 'width', 'role', 'tabIndex', 'accentHeight', 'accumulate', 'additive', 'alignmentBaseline', 'allowReorder', 'alphabetic', 'amplitude', 'arabicForm', 'ascent', 'attributeName', 'attributeType', 'autoReverse', 'azimuth', 'baseFrequency', 'baselineShift', 'baseProfile', 'bbox', 'begin', 'bias', 'by', 'calcMode', 'capHeight', 'clip', 'clipPath', 'clipPathUnits', 'clipRule', 'colorInterpolation', 'colorInterpolationFilters', 'colorProfile', 'colorRendering', 'contentScriptType', 'contentStyleType', 'cursor', 'cx', 'cy', 'd', 'decelerate', 'descent', 'diffuseConstant', 'direction', 'display', 'divisor', 'dominantBaseline', 'dur', 'dx', 'dy', 'edgeMode', 'elevation', 'enableBackground', 'end', 'exponent', 'externalResourcesRequired', 'fill', 'fillOpacity', 'fillRule', 'filter', 'filterRes', 'filterUnits', 'floodColor', 'floodOpacity', 'focusable', 'fontFamily', 'fontSize', 'fontSizeAdjust', 'fontStretch', 'fontStyle', 'fontVariant', 'fontWeight', 'format', 'from', 'fx', 'fy', 'g1', 'g2', 'glyphName', 'glyphOrientationHorizontal', 'glyphOrientationVertical', 'glyphRef', 'gradientTransform', 'gradientUnits', 'hanging', 'horizAdvX', 'horizOriginX', 'href', 'ideographic', 'imageRendering', 'in2', 'in', 'intercept', 'k1', 'k2', 'k3', 'k4', 'k', 'kernelMatrix', 'kernelUnitLength', 'kerning', 'keyPoints', 'keySplines', 'keyTimes', 'lengthAdjust', 'letterSpacing', 'lightingColor', 'limitingConeAngle', 'local', 'markerEnd', 'markerHeight', 'markerMid', 'markerStart', 'markerUnits', 'markerWidth', 'mask', 'maskContentUnits', 'maskUnits', 'mathematical', 'mode', 'numOctaves', 'offset', 'opacity', 'operator', 'order', 'orient', 'orientation', 'origin', 'overflow', 'overlinePosition', 'overlineThickness', 'paintOrder', 'panose1', 'pathLength', 'patternContentUnits', 'patternTransform', 'patternUnits', 'pointerEvents', 'points', 'pointsAtX', 'pointsAtY', 'pointsAtZ', 'preserveAlpha', 'preserveAspectRatio', 'primitiveUnits', 'r', 'radius', 'refX', 'refY', 'renderingIntent', 'repeatCount', 'repeatDur', 'requiredExtensions', 'requiredFeatures', 'restart', 'result', 'rotate', 'rx', 'ry', 'seed', 'shapeRendering', 'slope', 'spacing', 'specularConstant', 'specularExponent', 'speed', 'spreadMethod', 'startOffset', 'stdDeviation', 'stemh', 'stemv', 'stitchTiles', 'stopColor', 'stopOpacity', 'strikethroughPosition', 'strikethroughThickness', 'string', 'stroke', 'strokeDasharray', 'strokeDashoffset', 'strokeLinecap', 'strokeLinejoin', 'strokeMiterlimit', 'strokeOpacity', 'strokeWidth', 'surfaceScale', 'systemLanguage', 'tableValues', 'targetX', 'targetY', 'textAnchor', 'textDecoration', 'textLength', 'textRendering', 'to', 'transform', 'u1', 'u2', 'underlinePosition', 'underlineThickness', 'unicode', 'unicodeBidi', 'unicodeRange', 'unitsPerEm', 'vAlphabetic', 'values', 'vectorEffect', 'version', 'vertAdvY', 'vertOriginX', 'vertOriginY', 'vHanging', 'vIdeographic', 'viewTarget', 'visibility', 'vMathematical', 'widths', 'wordSpacing', 'writingMode', 'x1', 'x2', 'x', 'xChannelSelector', 'xHeight', 'xlinkActuate', 'xlinkArcrole', 'xlinkHref', 'xlinkRole', 'xlinkShow', 'xlinkTitle', 'xlinkType', 'xmlBase', 'xmlLang', 'xmlns', 'xmlnsXlink', 'xmlSpace', 'y1', 'y2', 'y', 'yChannelSelector', 'z', 'zoomAndPan', 'ref', 'key', 'angle'];\nvar EventKeys = ['dangerouslySetInnerHTML', 'onCopy', 'onCopyCapture', 'onCut', 'onCutCapture', 'onPaste', 'onPasteCapture', 'onCompositionEnd', 'onCompositionEndCapture', 'onCompositionStart', 'onCompositionStartCapture', 'onCompositionUpdate', 'onCompositionUpdateCapture', 'onFocus', 'onFocusCapture', 'onBlur', 'onBlurCapture', 'onChange', 'onChangeCapture', 'onBeforeInput', 'onBeforeInputCapture', 'onInput', 'onInputCapture', 'onReset', 'onResetCapture', 'onSubmit', 'onSubmitCapture', 'onInvalid', 'onInvalidCapture', 'onLoad', 'onLoadCapture', 'onError', 'onErrorCapture', 'onKeyDown', 'onKeyDownCapture', 'onKeyPress', 'onKeyPressCapture', 'onKeyUp', 'onKeyUpCapture', 'onAbort', 'onAbortCapture', 'onCanPlay', 'onCanPlayCapture', 'onCanPlayThrough', 'onCanPlayThroughCapture', 'onDurationChange', 'onDurationChangeCapture', 'onEmptied', 'onEmptiedCapture', 'onEncrypted', 'onEncryptedCapture', 'onEnded', 'onEndedCapture', 'onLoadedData', 'onLoadedDataCapture', 'onLoadedMetadata', 'onLoadedMetadataCapture', 'onLoadStart', 'onLoadStartCapture', 'onPause', 'onPauseCapture', 'onPlay', 'onPlayCapture', 'onPlaying', 'onPlayingCapture', 'onProgress', 'onProgressCapture', 'onRateChange', 'onRateChangeCapture', 'onSeeked', 'onSeekedCapture', 'onSeeking', 'onSeekingCapture', 'onStalled', 'onStalledCapture', 'onSuspend', 'onSuspendCapture', 'onTimeUpdate', 'onTimeUpdateCapture', 'onVolumeChange', 'onVolumeChangeCapture', 'onWaiting', 'onWaitingCapture', 'onAuxClick', 'onAuxClickCapture', 'onClick', 'onClickCapture', 'onContextMenu', 'onContextMenuCapture', 'onDoubleClick', 'onDoubleClickCapture', 'onDrag', 'onDragCapture', 'onDragEnd', 'onDragEndCapture', 'onDragEnter', 'onDragEnterCapture', 'onDragExit', 'onDragExitCapture', 'onDragLeave', 'onDragLeaveCapture', 'onDragOver', 'onDragOverCapture', 'onDragStart', 'onDragStartCapture', 'onDrop', 'onDropCapture', 'onMouseDown', 'onMouseDownCapture', 'onMouseEnter', 'onMouseLeave', 'onMouseMove', 'onMouseMoveCapture', 'onMouseOut', 'onMouseOutCapture', 'onMouseOver', 'onMouseOverCapture', 'onMouseUp', 'onMouseUpCapture', 'onSelect', 'onSelectCapture', 'onTouchCancel', 'onTouchCancelCapture', 'onTouchEnd', 'onTouchEndCapture', 'onTouchMove', 'onTouchMoveCapture', 'onTouchStart', 'onTouchStartCapture', 'onPointerDown', 'onPointerDownCapture', 'onPointerMove', 'onPointerMoveCapture', 'onPointerUp', 'onPointerUpCapture', 'onPointerCancel', 'onPointerCancelCapture', 'onPointerEnter', 'onPointerEnterCapture', 'onPointerLeave', 'onPointerLeaveCapture', 'onPointerOver', 'onPointerOverCapture', 'onPointerOut', 'onPointerOutCapture', 'onGotPointerCapture', 'onGotPointerCaptureCapture', 'onLostPointerCapture', 'onLostPointerCaptureCapture', 'onScroll', 'onScrollCapture', 'onWheel', 'onWheelCapture', 'onAnimationStart', 'onAnimationStartCapture', 'onAnimationEnd', 'onAnimationEndCapture', 'onAnimationIteration', 'onAnimationIterationCapture', 'onTransitionEnd', 'onTransitionEndCapture']; // Animation Types => TODO: Should be moved when react-smooth is typescriptified.\n\nexport var filterProps = function filterProps(props, includeEvents, isSvg) {\n  if (!props || typeof props === 'function' || typeof props === 'boolean') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var inputProps = props;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(props)) {\n    inputProps = props.props;\n  }\n  if (!_isObject(inputProps)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = {};\n  Object.keys(inputProps).forEach(function (key) {\n    // viewBox only exist in <svg />\n    if (SVGElementPropKeys.includes(key) || isSvg && SVGContainerPropKeys.includes(key) || includeEvents && EventKeys.includes(key)) {\n      out[key] = inputProps[key];\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};\nexport var adaptEventHandlers = function adaptEventHandlers(props, newHandler) {\n  if (!props || typeof props === 'function' || typeof props === 'boolean') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var inputProps = props;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(props)) {\n    inputProps = props.props;\n  }\n  if (!_isObject(inputProps)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = {};\n  Object.keys(inputProps).forEach(function (key) {\n    if (EventKeys.includes(key)) {\n      out[key] = newHandler || function (e) {\n        return inputProps[key](inputProps, e);\n      };\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};\nvar getEventHandlerOfChild = function getEventHandlerOfChild(originalHandler, data, index) {\n  return function (e) {\n    originalHandler(data, index, e);\n    return null;\n  };\n};\nexport var adaptEventsOfChild = function adaptEventsOfChild(props, data, index) {\n  if (!_isObject(props) || _typeof(props) !== 'object') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var out = null;\n  Object.keys(props).forEach(function (key) {\n    var item = props[key];\n    if (EventKeys.includes(key) && typeof item === 'function') {\n      if (!out) out = {};\n      out[key] = getEventHandlerOfChild(item, data, index);\n    }\n  });\n  return out;\n};","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Surface\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport function Surface(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    className = props.className,\n    style = props.style,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"width\", \"height\", \"viewBox\", \"className\", \"style\"]);\n  var svgView = viewBox || {\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0\n  };\n  var layerClass = classNames('recharts-surface', className);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"svg\", _extends({}, filterProps(others, true, true), {\n    className: layerClass,\n    width: width,\n    height: height,\n    style: style,\n    viewBox: \"\".concat(svgView.x, \" \").concat(svgView.y, \" \").concat(svgView.width, \" \").concat(svgView.height),\n    version: \"1.1\"\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"title\", null, props.title), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"desc\", null, props.desc), children);\n}","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Layer\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Layer = /*#__PURE__*/React.forwardRef(function (props, ref) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    className = props.className,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"children\", \"className\"]);\n  var layerClass = classNames('recharts-layer', className);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"g\", _extends({\n    className: layerClass\n  }, filterProps(others, true), {\n    ref: ref\n  }), children);\n});","export default function setRafTimeout(callback) {\n  var timeout = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;\n  var currTime = -1;\n  var shouldUpdate = function shouldUpdate(now) {\n    if (currTime < 0) {\n      currTime = now;\n    }\n    if (now - currTime > timeout) {\n      callback(now);\n      currTime = -1;\n    } else {\n      requestAnimationFrame(shouldUpdate);\n    }\n  };\n  requestAnimationFrame(shouldUpdate);\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _toArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport setRafTimeout from './setRafTimeout';\nexport default function createAnimateManager() {\n  var currStyle = {};\n  var handleChange = function handleChange() {\n    return null;\n  };\n  var shouldStop = false;\n  var setStyle = function setStyle(_style) {\n    if (shouldStop) {\n      return;\n    }\n    if (Array.isArray(_style)) {\n      if (!_style.length) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var styles = _style;\n      var _styles = _toArray(styles),\n        curr = _styles[0],\n        restStyles = _styles.slice(1);\n      if (typeof curr === 'number') {\n        setRafTimeout(setStyle.bind(null, restStyles), curr);\n        return;\n      }\n      setStyle(curr);\n      setRafTimeout(setStyle.bind(null, restStyles));\n      return;\n    }\n    if (_typeof(_style) === 'object') {\n      currStyle = _style;\n      handleChange(currStyle);\n    }\n    if (typeof _style === 'function') {\n      _style();\n    }\n  };\n  return {\n    stop: function stop() {\n      shouldStop = true;\n    },\n    start: function start(style) {\n      shouldStop = false;\n      setStyle(style);\n    },\n    subscribe: function subscribe(_handleChange) {\n      handleChange = _handleChange;\n      return function () {\n        handleChange = function handleChange() {\n          return null;\n        };\n      };\n    }\n  };\n}","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/* eslint no-console: 0 */\nvar PREFIX_LIST = ['Webkit', 'Moz', 'O', 'ms'];\nvar IN_LINE_PREFIX_LIST = ['-webkit-', '-moz-', '-o-', '-ms-'];\nvar IN_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY = ['transform', 'transformOrigin', 'transition'];\nexport var getIntersectionKeys = function getIntersectionKeys(preObj, nextObj) {\n  return [Object.keys(preObj), Object.keys(nextObj)].reduce(function (a, b) {\n    return a.filter(function (c) {\n      return b.includes(c);\n    });\n  });\n};\nexport var identity = function identity(param) {\n  return param;\n};\n/*\n * @description: convert camel case to dash case\n * string => string\n */\n\nexport var getDashCase = function getDashCase(name) {\n  return name.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function (v) {\n    return \"-\".concat(v.toLowerCase());\n  });\n};\n/*\n * @description: add compatible style prefix\n * (string, string) => object\n */\n\nexport var generatePrefixStyle = function generatePrefixStyle(name, value) {\n  if (IN_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY.indexOf(name) === -1) {\n    return _defineProperty({}, name, value);\n  }\n  var isTransition = name === 'transition';\n  var camelName = name.replace(/(\\w)/, function (v) {\n    return v.toUpperCase();\n  });\n  var styleVal = value;\n  return PREFIX_LIST.reduce(function (result, property, i) {\n    if (isTransition) {\n      styleVal = value.replace(/(transform|transform-origin)/gim, \"\".concat(IN_LINE_PREFIX_LIST[i], \"$1\"));\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, property + camelName, styleVal));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var log = function log() {\n  var _console;\n  (_console = console).log.apply(_console, arguments);\n};\n/*\n * @description: log the value of a varible\n * string => any => any\n */\n\nexport var debug = function debug(name) {\n  return function (item) {\n    log(name, item);\n    return item;\n  };\n};\n/*\n * @description: log name, args, return value of a function\n * function => function\n */\n\nexport var debugf = function debugf(tag, f) {\n  return function () {\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    var res = f.apply(void 0, args);\n    var name = tag || f.name || 'anonymous function';\n    var argNames = \"(\".concat(args.map(JSON.stringify).join(', '), \")\");\n    log(\"\".concat(name, \": \").concat(argNames, \" => \").concat(JSON.stringify(res)));\n    return res;\n  };\n};\n/*\n * @description: map object on every element in this object.\n * (function, object) => object\n */\n\nexport var mapObject = function mapObject(fn, obj) {\n  return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, fn(key, obj[key])));\n  }, {});\n};\n/*\n * @description: add compatible prefix to style\n * object => object\n */\n\nexport var translateStyle = function translateStyle(style) {\n  return Object.keys(style).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), generatePrefixStyle(key, res[key]));\n  }, style);\n};\nexport var compose = function compose() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  if (!args.length) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  var fns = args.reverse(); // first function can receive multiply arguments\n\n  var firstFn = fns[0];\n  var tailsFn = fns.slice(1);\n  return function () {\n    return tailsFn.reduce(function (res, fn) {\n      return fn(res);\n    }, firstFn.apply(void 0, arguments));\n  };\n};\nexport var getTransitionVal = function getTransitionVal(props, duration, easing) {\n  return props.map(function (prop) {\n    return \"\".concat(getDashCase(prop), \" \").concat(duration, \"ms \").concat(easing);\n  }).join(',');\n};\nvar isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\nexport var warn = function warn(condition, format, a, b, c, d, e, f) {\n  if (isDev && typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn) {\n    if (format === undefined) {\n      console.warn('LogUtils requires an error message argument');\n    }\n    if (!condition) {\n      if (format === undefined) {\n        console.warn('Minified exception occurred; use the non-minified dev environment ' + 'for the full error message and additional helpful warnings.');\n      } else {\n        var args = [a, b, c, d, e, f];\n        var argIndex = 0;\n        console.warn(format.replace(/%s/g, function () {\n          return args[argIndex++];\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","function _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nimport { warn } from './util';\nvar ACCURACY = 1e-4;\nvar cubicBezierFactor = function cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2) {\n  return [0, 3 * c1, 3 * c2 - 6 * c1, 3 * c1 - 3 * c2 + 1];\n};\nvar multyTime = function multyTime(params, t) {\n  return params.map(function (param, i) {\n    return param * Math.pow(t, i);\n  }).reduce(function (pre, curr) {\n    return pre + curr;\n  });\n};\nvar cubicBezier = function cubicBezier(c1, c2) {\n  return function (t) {\n    var params = cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2);\n    return multyTime(params, t);\n  };\n};\nvar derivativeCubicBezier = function derivativeCubicBezier(c1, c2) {\n  return function (t) {\n    var params = cubicBezierFactor(c1, c2);\n    var newParams = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(params.map(function (param, i) {\n      return param * i;\n    }).slice(1)), [0]);\n    return multyTime(newParams, t);\n  };\n}; // calculate cubic-bezier using Newton's method\n\nexport var configBezier = function configBezier() {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  var x1 = args[0],\n    y1 = args[1],\n    x2 = args[2],\n    y2 = args[3];\n  if (args.length === 1) {\n    switch (args[0]) {\n      case 'linear':\n        x1 = 0.0;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 1.0;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease':\n        x1 = 0.25;\n        y1 = 0.1;\n        x2 = 0.25;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-in':\n        x1 = 0.42;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 1.0;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-out':\n        x1 = 0.42;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 0.58;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      case 'ease-in-out':\n        x1 = 0.0;\n        y1 = 0.0;\n        x2 = 0.58;\n        y2 = 1.0;\n        break;\n      default:\n        {\n          var easing = args[0].split('(');\n          if (easing[0] === 'cubic-bezier' && easing[1].split(')')[0].split(',').length === 4) {\n            var _easing$1$split$0$spl = easing[1].split(')')[0].split(',').map(function (x) {\n              return parseFloat(x);\n            });\n            var _easing$1$split$0$spl2 = _slicedToArray(_easing$1$split$0$spl, 4);\n            x1 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[0];\n            y1 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[1];\n            x2 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[2];\n            y2 = _easing$1$split$0$spl2[3];\n          } else {\n            warn(false, '[configBezier]: arguments should be one of ' + 'oneOf \\'linear\\', \\'ease\\', \\'ease-in\\', \\'ease-out\\', ' + '\\'ease-in-out\\',\\'cubic-bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2)\\', instead received %s', args);\n          }\n        }\n    }\n  }\n  warn([x1, x2, y1, y2].every(function (num) {\n    return typeof num === 'number' && num >= 0 && num <= 1;\n  }), '[configBezier]: arguments should be x1, y1, x2, y2 of [0, 1] instead received %s', args);\n  var curveX = cubicBezier(x1, x2);\n  var curveY = cubicBezier(y1, y2);\n  var derCurveX = derivativeCubicBezier(x1, x2);\n  var rangeValue = function rangeValue(value) {\n    if (value > 1) {\n      return 1;\n    } else if (value < 0) {\n      return 0;\n    }\n    return value;\n  };\n  var bezier = function bezier(_t) {\n    var t = _t > 1 ? 1 : _t;\n    var x = t;\n    for (var i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {\n      var evalT = curveX(x) - t;\n      var derVal = derCurveX(x);\n      if (Math.abs(evalT - t) < ACCURACY || derVal < ACCURACY) {\n        return curveY(x);\n      }\n      x = rangeValue(x - evalT / derVal);\n    }\n    return curveY(x);\n  };\n  bezier.isStepper = false;\n  return bezier;\n};\nexport var configSpring = function configSpring() {\n  var config = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var _config$stiff = config.stiff,\n    stiff = _config$stiff === void 0 ? 100 : _config$stiff,\n    _config$damping = config.damping,\n    damping = _config$damping === void 0 ? 8 : _config$damping,\n    _config$dt = config.dt,\n    dt = _config$dt === void 0 ? 17 : _config$dt;\n  var stepper = function stepper(currX, destX, currV) {\n    var FSpring = -(currX - destX) * stiff;\n    var FDamping = currV * damping;\n    var newV = currV + (FSpring - FDamping) * dt / 1000;\n    var newX = currV * dt / 1000 + currX;\n    if (Math.abs(newX - destX) < ACCURACY && Math.abs(newV) < ACCURACY) {\n      return [destX, 0];\n    }\n    return [newX, newV];\n  };\n  stepper.isStepper = true;\n  stepper.dt = dt;\n  return stepper;\n};\nexport var configEasing = function configEasing() {\n  for (var _len2 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n    args[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n  }\n  var easing = args[0];\n  if (typeof easing === 'string') {\n    switch (easing) {\n      case 'ease':\n      case 'ease-in-out':\n      case 'ease-out':\n      case 'ease-in':\n      case 'linear':\n        return configBezier(easing);\n      case 'spring':\n        return configSpring();\n      default:\n        if (easing.split('(')[0] === 'cubic-bezier') {\n          return configBezier(easing);\n        }\n        warn(false, '[configEasing]: first argument should be one of \\'ease\\', \\'ease-in\\', ' + '\\'ease-out\\', \\'ease-in-out\\',\\'cubic-bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2)\\', \\'linear\\' and \\'spring\\', instead  received %s', args);\n    }\n  }\n  if (typeof easing === 'function') {\n    return easing;\n  }\n  warn(false, '[configEasing]: first argument type should be function or ' + 'string, instead received %s', args);\n  return null;\n};","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport { getIntersectionKeys, mapObject } from './util';\nvar alpha = function alpha(begin, end, k) {\n  return begin + (end - begin) * k;\n};\nvar needContinue = function needContinue(_ref) {\n  var from = _ref.from,\n    to = _ref.to;\n  return from !== to;\n};\n/*\n * @description: cal new from value and velocity in each stepper\n * @return: { [styleProperty]: { from, to, velocity } }\n */\n\nvar calStepperVals = function calStepperVals(easing, preVals, steps) {\n  var nextStepVals = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n    if (needContinue(val)) {\n      var _easing = easing(val.from, val.to, val.velocity),\n        _easing2 = _slicedToArray(_easing, 2),\n        newX = _easing2[0],\n        newV = _easing2[1];\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, val), {}, {\n        from: newX,\n        velocity: newV\n      });\n    }\n    return val;\n  }, preVals);\n  if (steps < 1) {\n    return mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      if (needContinue(val)) {\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, val), {}, {\n          velocity: alpha(val.velocity, nextStepVals[key].velocity, steps),\n          from: alpha(val.from, nextStepVals[key].from, steps)\n        });\n      }\n      return val;\n    }, preVals);\n  }\n  return calStepperVals(easing, nextStepVals, steps - 1);\n}; // configure update function\n\nexport default (function (from, to, easing, duration, render) {\n  var interKeys = getIntersectionKeys(from, to);\n  var timingStyle = interKeys.reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, [from[key], to[key]]));\n  }, {});\n  var stepperStyle = interKeys.reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, {\n      from: from[key],\n      velocity: 0,\n      to: to[key]\n    }));\n  }, {});\n  var cafId = -1;\n  var preTime;\n  var beginTime;\n  var update = function update() {\n    return null;\n  };\n  var getCurrStyle = function getCurrStyle() {\n    return mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      return val.from;\n    }, stepperStyle);\n  };\n  var shouldStopAnimation = function shouldStopAnimation() {\n    return !Object.values(stepperStyle).filter(needContinue).length;\n  }; // stepper timing function like spring\n\n  var stepperUpdate = function stepperUpdate(now) {\n    if (!preTime) {\n      preTime = now;\n    }\n    var deltaTime = now - preTime;\n    var steps = deltaTime / easing.dt;\n    stepperStyle = calStepperVals(easing, stepperStyle, steps); // get union set and add compatible prefix\n\n    render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), getCurrStyle(stepperStyle)));\n    preTime = now;\n    if (!shouldStopAnimation()) {\n      cafId = requestAnimationFrame(update);\n    }\n  }; // t => val timing function like cubic-bezier\n\n  var timingUpdate = function timingUpdate(now) {\n    if (!beginTime) {\n      beginTime = now;\n    }\n    var t = (now - beginTime) / duration;\n    var currStyle = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n      return alpha.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(val).concat([easing(t)]));\n    }, timingStyle); // get union set and add compatible prefix\n\n    render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), currStyle));\n    if (t < 1) {\n      cafId = requestAnimationFrame(update);\n    } else {\n      var finalStyle = mapObject(function (key, val) {\n        return alpha.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(val).concat([easing(1)]));\n      }, timingStyle);\n      render(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, from), to), finalStyle));\n    }\n  };\n  update = easing.isStepper ? stepperUpdate : timingUpdate; // return start animation method\n\n  return function () {\n    requestAnimationFrame(update); // return stop animation method\n\n    return function () {\n      cancelAnimationFrame(cafId);\n    };\n  };\n});","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { PureComponent, cloneElement, Children } from 'react';\nimport { deepEqual } from 'fast-equals';\nimport createAnimateManager from './AnimateManager';\nimport { configEasing } from './easing';\nimport configUpdate from './configUpdate';\nimport { getTransitionVal, identity, translateStyle } from './util';\nvar Animate = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Animate, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Animate);\n  function Animate(props, context) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Animate);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props, context);\n    var _this$props = _this.props,\n      isActive = _this$props.isActive,\n      attributeName = _this$props.attributeName,\n      from = _this$props.from,\n      to = _this$props.to,\n      steps = _this$props.steps,\n      children = _this$props.children;\n    _this.handleStyleChange = _this.handleStyleChange.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    _this.changeStyle = _this.changeStyle.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this));\n    if (!isActive) {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: {}\n      }; // if children is a function and animation is not active, set style to 'to'\n\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        _this.state = {\n          style: to\n        };\n      }\n      return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this);\n    }\n    if (steps && steps.length) {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: steps[0].style\n      };\n    } else if (from) {\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        _this.state = {\n          style: from\n        };\n        return _possibleConstructorReturn(_this);\n      }\n      _this.state = {\n        style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, from) : from\n      };\n    } else {\n      _this.state = {\n        style: {}\n      };\n    }\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Animate, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        isActive = _this$props2.isActive,\n        canBegin = _this$props2.canBegin;\n      this.mounted = true;\n      if (!isActive || !canBegin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      this.runAnimation(this.props);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        isActive = _this$props3.isActive,\n        canBegin = _this$props3.canBegin,\n        attributeName = _this$props3.attributeName,\n        shouldReAnimate = _this$props3.shouldReAnimate;\n      if (!canBegin) {\n        return;\n      }\n      if (!isActive) {\n        var newState = {\n          style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, this.props.to) : this.props.to\n        };\n        if (this.state && this.state.style) {\n          if (attributeName && this.state.style[attributeName] !== this.props.to || !attributeName && this.state.style !== this.props.to) {\n            // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-did-update-set-state\n            this.setState(newState);\n          }\n        }\n        return;\n      }\n      if (deepEqual(prevProps.to, this.props.to) && prevProps.canBegin && prevProps.isActive) {\n        return;\n      }\n      var isTriggered = !prevProps.canBegin || !prevProps.isActive;\n      if (this.manager) {\n        this.manager.stop();\n      }\n      if (this.stopJSAnimation) {\n        this.stopJSAnimation();\n      }\n      var from = isTriggered || shouldReAnimate ? this.props.from : prevProps.to;\n      if (this.state && this.state.style) {\n        var _newState = {\n          style: attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, from) : from\n        };\n        if (attributeName && this.state.style[attributeName] !== from || !attributeName && this.state.style !== from) {\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-did-update-set-state\n          this.setState(_newState);\n        }\n      }\n      this.runAnimation(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        from: from,\n        begin: 0\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n    value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n      this.mounted = false;\n      if (this.unSubscribe) {\n        this.unSubscribe();\n      }\n      if (this.manager) {\n        this.manager.stop();\n        this.manager = null;\n      }\n      if (this.stopJSAnimation) {\n        this.stopJSAnimation();\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runJSAnimation\",\n    value: function runJSAnimation(props) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var from = props.from,\n        to = props.to,\n        duration = props.duration,\n        easing = props.easing,\n        begin = props.begin,\n        onAnimationEnd = props.onAnimationEnd,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart;\n      var startAnimation = configUpdate(from, to, configEasing(easing), duration, this.changeStyle);\n      var finalStartAnimation = function finalStartAnimation() {\n        _this2.stopJSAnimation = startAnimation();\n      };\n      this.manager.start([onAnimationStart, begin, finalStartAnimation, duration, onAnimationEnd]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runStepAnimation\",\n    value: function runStepAnimation(props) {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var steps = props.steps,\n        begin = props.begin,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart;\n      var _steps$ = steps[0],\n        initialStyle = _steps$.style,\n        _steps$$duration = _steps$.duration,\n        initialTime = _steps$$duration === void 0 ? 0 : _steps$$duration;\n      var addStyle = function addStyle(sequence, nextItem, index) {\n        if (index === 0) {\n          return sequence;\n        }\n        var duration = nextItem.duration,\n          _nextItem$easing = nextItem.easing,\n          easing = _nextItem$easing === void 0 ? 'ease' : _nextItem$easing,\n          style = nextItem.style,\n          nextProperties = nextItem.properties,\n          onAnimationEnd = nextItem.onAnimationEnd;\n        var preItem = index > 0 ? steps[index - 1] : nextItem;\n        var properties = nextProperties || Object.keys(style);\n        if (typeof easing === 'function' || easing === 'spring') {\n          return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(sequence), [_this3.runJSAnimation.bind(_this3, {\n            from: preItem.style,\n            to: style,\n            duration: duration,\n            easing: easing\n          }), duration]);\n        }\n        var transition = getTransitionVal(properties, duration, easing);\n        var newStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, preItem.style), style), {}, {\n          transition: transition\n        });\n        return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(sequence), [newStyle, duration, onAnimationEnd]).filter(identity);\n      };\n      return this.manager.start([onAnimationStart].concat(_toConsumableArray(steps.reduce(addStyle, [initialStyle, Math.max(initialTime, begin)])), [props.onAnimationEnd]));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"runAnimation\",\n    value: function runAnimation(props) {\n      if (!this.manager) {\n        this.manager = createAnimateManager();\n      }\n      var begin = props.begin,\n        duration = props.duration,\n        attributeName = props.attributeName,\n        propsTo = props.to,\n        easing = props.easing,\n        onAnimationStart = props.onAnimationStart,\n        onAnimationEnd = props.onAnimationEnd,\n        steps = props.steps,\n        children = props.children;\n      var manager = this.manager;\n      this.unSubscribe = manager.subscribe(this.handleStyleChange);\n      if (typeof easing === 'function' || typeof children === 'function' || easing === 'spring') {\n        this.runJSAnimation(props);\n        return;\n      }\n      if (steps.length > 1) {\n        this.runStepAnimation(props);\n        return;\n      }\n      var to = attributeName ? _defineProperty({}, attributeName, propsTo) : propsTo;\n      var transition = getTransitionVal(Object.keys(to), duration, easing);\n      manager.start([onAnimationStart, begin, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, to), {}, {\n        transition: transition\n      }), duration, onAnimationEnd]);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleStyleChange\",\n    value: function handleStyleChange(style) {\n      this.changeStyle(style);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"changeStyle\",\n    value: function changeStyle(style) {\n      if (this.mounted) {\n        this.setState({\n          style: style\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        children = _this$props4.children,\n        begin = _this$props4.begin,\n        duration = _this$props4.duration,\n        attributeName = _this$props4.attributeName,\n        easing = _this$props4.easing,\n        isActive = _this$props4.isActive,\n        steps = _this$props4.steps,\n        from = _this$props4.from,\n        to = _this$props4.to,\n        canBegin = _this$props4.canBegin,\n        onAnimationEnd = _this$props4.onAnimationEnd,\n        shouldReAnimate = _this$props4.shouldReAnimate,\n        onAnimationReStart = _this$props4.onAnimationReStart,\n        others = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props4, [\"children\", \"begin\", \"duration\", \"attributeName\", \"easing\", \"isActive\", \"steps\", \"from\", \"to\", \"canBegin\", \"onAnimationEnd\", \"shouldReAnimate\", \"onAnimationReStart\"]);\n      var count = Children.count(children);\n      var stateStyle = translateStyle(this.state.style);\n      if (typeof children === 'function') {\n        return children(stateStyle);\n      }\n      if (!isActive || count === 0) {\n        return children;\n      }\n      var cloneContainer = function cloneContainer(container) {\n        var _container$props = container.props,\n          _container$props$styl = _container$props.style,\n          style = _container$props$styl === void 0 ? {} : _container$props$styl,\n          className = _container$props.className;\n        var res = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(container, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, others), {}, {\n          style: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, style), stateStyle),\n          className: className\n        }));\n        return res;\n      };\n      if (count === 1) {\n        return cloneContainer(Children.only(children));\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", null, Children.map(children, function (child) {\n        return cloneContainer(child);\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Animate;\n}(PureComponent);\nAnimate.displayName = 'Animate';\nAnimate.defaultProps = {\n  begin: 0,\n  duration: 1000,\n  from: '',\n  to: '',\n  attributeName: '',\n  easing: 'ease',\n  isActive: true,\n  canBegin: true,\n  steps: [],\n  onAnimationEnd: function onAnimationEnd() {},\n  onAnimationStart: function onAnimationStart() {}\n};\nexport default Animate;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { Component, Children } from 'react';\nimport { Transition } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport Animate from './Animate';\nif (Number.isFinite === undefined) {\n  Number.isFinite = function (value) {\n    return typeof value === 'number' && isFinite(value);\n  };\n}\nvar parseDurationOfSingleTransition = function parseDurationOfSingleTransition() {\n  var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n  var steps = options.steps,\n    duration = options.duration;\n  if (steps && steps.length) {\n    return steps.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return result + (Number.isFinite(entry.duration) && entry.duration > 0 ? entry.duration : 0);\n    }, 0);\n  }\n  if (Number.isFinite(duration)) {\n    return duration;\n  }\n  return 0;\n};\nvar AnimateGroupChild = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(AnimateGroupChild, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(AnimateGroupChild);\n  function AnimateGroupChild() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, AnimateGroupChild);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      isActive: false\n    };\n    _this.handleEnter = function (node, isAppearing) {\n      var _this$props = _this.props,\n        appearOptions = _this$props.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props.enterOptions;\n      _this.handleStyleActive(isAppearing ? appearOptions : enterOptions);\n    };\n    _this.handleExit = function () {\n      _this.handleStyleActive(_this.props.leaveOptions);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(AnimateGroupChild, [{\n    key: \"handleStyleActive\",\n    value: function handleStyleActive(style) {\n      if (style) {\n        var onAnimationEnd = style.onAnimationEnd ? function () {\n          style.onAnimationEnd();\n        } : null;\n        this.setState(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, style), {}, {\n          onAnimationEnd: onAnimationEnd,\n          isActive: true\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"parseTimeout\",\n    value: function parseTimeout() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        appearOptions = _this$props2.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props2.enterOptions,\n        leaveOptions = _this$props2.leaveOptions;\n      return parseDurationOfSingleTransition(appearOptions) + parseDurationOfSingleTransition(enterOptions) + parseDurationOfSingleTransition(leaveOptions);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        children = _this$props3.children,\n        appearOptions = _this$props3.appearOptions,\n        enterOptions = _this$props3.enterOptions,\n        leaveOptions = _this$props3.leaveOptions,\n        props = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props3, [\"children\", \"appearOptions\", \"enterOptions\", \"leaveOptions\"]);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Transition, _extends({}, props, {\n        onEnter: this.handleEnter,\n        onExit: this.handleExit,\n        timeout: this.parseTimeout()\n      }), function () {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, _this2.state, Children.only(children));\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return AnimateGroupChild;\n}(Component);\nexport default AnimateGroupChild;","import React, { Children } from 'react';\nimport { TransitionGroup } from 'react-transition-group';\nimport AnimateGroupChild from './AnimateGroupChild';\nfunction AnimateGroup(props) {\n  var component = props.component,\n    children = props.children,\n    appear = props.appear,\n    enter = props.enter,\n    leave = props.leave;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(TransitionGroup, {\n    component: component\n  }, Children.map(children, function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(AnimateGroupChild, {\n      appearOptions: appear,\n      enterOptions: enter,\n      leaveOptions: leave,\n      key: \"child-\".concat(index) // eslint-disable-line\n    }, child);\n  }));\n}\nAnimateGroup.defaultProps = {\n  component: 'span'\n};\nexport default AnimateGroup;","import Animate from './Animate';\nimport { configBezier, configSpring } from './easing';\nimport { translateStyle } from './util';\nimport AnimateGroup from './AnimateGroup';\nexport { configSpring, configBezier, AnimateGroup, translateStyle };\nexport default Animate;","import _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _isNaN from \"lodash/isNaN\";\nimport _isNumber from \"lodash/isNumber\";\nimport _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nexport var mathSign = function mathSign(value) {\n  if (value === 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  if (value > 0) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n  return -1;\n};\nexport var isPercent = function isPercent(value) {\n  return _isString(value) && value.indexOf('%') === value.length - 1;\n};\nexport var isNumber = function isNumber(value) {\n  return _isNumber(value) && !_isNaN(value);\n};\nexport var isNumOrStr = function isNumOrStr(value) {\n  return isNumber(value) || _isString(value);\n};\nvar idCounter = 0;\nexport var uniqueId = function uniqueId(prefix) {\n  var id = ++idCounter;\n  return \"\".concat(prefix || '').concat(id);\n};\n/**\n * Get percent value of a total value\n * @param {Number|String} percent A percent\n * @param {Number} totalValue     Total value\n * @param {NUmber} defaultValue   The value returned when percent is undefined or invalid\n * @param {Boolean} validate      If set to be true, the result will be validated\n * @return {Number} value\n */\n\nexport var getPercentValue = function getPercentValue(percent, totalValue) {\n  var defaultValue = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 0;\n  var validate = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : false;\n  if (!isNumber(percent) && !_isString(percent)) {\n    return defaultValue;\n  }\n  var value;\n  if (isPercent(percent)) {\n    var index = percent.indexOf('%');\n    value = totalValue * parseFloat(percent.slice(0, index)) / 100;\n  } else {\n    value = +percent;\n  }\n  if (_isNaN(value)) {\n    value = defaultValue;\n  }\n  if (validate && value > totalValue) {\n    value = totalValue;\n  }\n  return value;\n};\nexport var getAnyElementOfObject = function getAnyElementOfObject(obj) {\n  if (!obj) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var keys = Object.keys(obj);\n  if (keys && keys.length) {\n    return obj[keys[0]];\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var hasDuplicate = function hasDuplicate(ary) {\n  if (!_isArray(ary)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var len = ary.length;\n  var cache = {};\n  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    if (!cache[ary[i]]) {\n      cache[ary[i]] = true;\n    } else {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var interpolateNumber = function interpolateNumber(numberA, numberB) {\n  if (isNumber(numberA) && isNumber(numberB)) {\n    return function (t) {\n      return numberA + t * (numberB - numberA);\n    };\n  }\n  return function () {\n    return numberB;\n  };\n};\nexport function findEntryInArray(ary, specifiedKey, specifiedValue) {\n  if (!ary || !ary.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return ary.find(function (entry) {\n    return entry && (typeof specifiedKey === 'function' ? specifiedKey(entry) : _get(entry, specifiedKey)) === specifiedValue;\n  });\n}\n/**\n * The least square linear regression\n * @param {Array} data The array of points\n * @returns {Object} The domain of x, and the parameter of linear function\n */\n\nexport var getLinearRegression = function getLinearRegression(data) {\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var len = data.length;\n  var xsum = 0;\n  var ysum = 0;\n  var xysum = 0;\n  var xxsum = 0;\n  var xmin = Infinity;\n  var xmax = -Infinity;\n  var xcurrent = 0;\n  var ycurrent = 0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n    xcurrent = data[i].cx || 0;\n    ycurrent = data[i].cy || 0;\n    xsum += xcurrent;\n    ysum += ycurrent;\n    xysum += xcurrent * ycurrent;\n    xxsum += xcurrent * xcurrent;\n    xmin = Math.min(xmin, xcurrent);\n    xmax = Math.max(xmax, xcurrent);\n  }\n  var a = len * xxsum !== xsum * xsum ? (len * xysum - xsum * ysum) / (len * xxsum - xsum * xsum) : 0;\n  return {\n    xmin: xmin,\n    xmax: xmax,\n    a: a,\n    b: (ysum - a * xsum) / len\n  };\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nfunction defaultFormatter(value) {\n  return _isArray(value) && isNumOrStr(value[0]) && isNumOrStr(value[1]) ? value.join(' ~ ') : value;\n}\nexport var DefaultTooltipContent = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(DefaultTooltipContent, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(DefaultTooltipContent);\n  function DefaultTooltipContent() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, DefaultTooltipContent);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(DefaultTooltipContent, [{\n    key: \"renderContent\",\n    value: function renderContent() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props.payload,\n        separator = _this$props.separator,\n        formatter = _this$props.formatter,\n        itemStyle = _this$props.itemStyle,\n        itemSorter = _this$props.itemSorter;\n      if (payload && payload.length) {\n        var listStyle = {\n          padding: 0,\n          margin: 0\n        };\n        var items = (itemSorter ? _sortBy(payload, itemSorter) : payload).map(function (entry, i) {\n          if (entry.type === 'none') {\n            return null;\n          }\n          var finalItemStyle = _objectSpread({\n            display: 'block',\n            paddingTop: 4,\n            paddingBottom: 4,\n            color: entry.color || '#000'\n          }, itemStyle);\n          var finalFormatter = entry.formatter || formatter || defaultFormatter;\n          var value = entry.value,\n            name = entry.name;\n          if (finalFormatter && value != null && name != null) {\n            var formatted = finalFormatter(value, name, entry, i, payload);\n            if (Array.isArray(formatted)) {\n              var _ref = formatted;\n              var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2);\n              value = _ref2[0];\n              name = _ref2[1];\n            } else {\n              value = formatted;\n            }\n          }\n          return /*#__PURE__*/(\n            // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n            React.createElement(\"li\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item\",\n              key: \"tooltip-item-\".concat(i),\n              style: finalItemStyle\n            }, isNumOrStr(name) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-name\"\n            }, name) : null, isNumOrStr(name) ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-separator\"\n            }, separator) : null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-value\"\n            }, value), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n              className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-unit\"\n            }, entry.unit || ''))\n          );\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"ul\", {\n          className: \"recharts-tooltip-item-list\",\n          style: listStyle\n        }, items);\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        wrapperClassName = _this$props2.wrapperClassName,\n        contentStyle = _this$props2.contentStyle,\n        labelClassName = _this$props2.labelClassName,\n        labelStyle = _this$props2.labelStyle,\n        label = _this$props2.label,\n        labelFormatter = _this$props2.labelFormatter,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload;\n      var finalStyle = _objectSpread({\n        margin: 0,\n        padding: 10,\n        backgroundColor: '#fff',\n        border: '1px solid #ccc',\n        whiteSpace: 'nowrap'\n      }, contentStyle);\n      var finalLabelStyle = _objectSpread({\n        margin: 0\n      }, labelStyle);\n      var hasLabel = !_isNil(label);\n      var finalLabel = hasLabel ? label : '';\n      var wrapperCN = classNames('recharts-default-tooltip', wrapperClassName);\n      var labelCN = classNames('recharts-tooltip-label', labelClassName);\n      if (hasLabel && labelFormatter && payload !== undefined && payload !== null) {\n        finalLabel = labelFormatter(label, payload);\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n        className: wrapperCN,\n        style: finalStyle\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"p\", {\n        className: labelCN,\n        style: finalLabelStyle\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(finalLabel) ? finalLabel : \"\".concat(finalLabel)), this.renderContent());\n    }\n  }]);\n  return DefaultTooltipContent;\n}(PureComponent);\nDefaultTooltipContent.displayName = 'DefaultTooltipContent';\nDefaultTooltipContent.defaultProps = {\n  separator: ' : ',\n  contentStyle: {},\n  itemStyle: {},\n  labelStyle: {}\n};","var parseIsSsrByDefault = function parseIsSsrByDefault() {\n  return !(typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.document && window.document.createElement && window.setTimeout);\n};\nexport var Global = {\n  isSsr: parseIsSsrByDefault(),\n  get: function get(key) {\n    return Global[key];\n  },\n  set: function set(key, value) {\n    if (typeof key === 'string') {\n      Global[key] = value;\n    } else {\n      var keys = Object.keys(key);\n      if (keys && keys.length) {\n        keys.forEach(function (k) {\n          Global[k] = key[k];\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _uniqBy from \"lodash/uniqBy\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Tooltip\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { translateStyle } from 'react-smooth';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { DefaultTooltipContent } from './DefaultTooltipContent';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar CLS_PREFIX = 'recharts-tooltip-wrapper';\nvar EPS = 1;\nfunction defaultUniqBy(entry) {\n  return entry.dataKey;\n}\nfunction getUniqPayload(option, payload) {\n  if (option === true) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, defaultUniqBy);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, option);\n  }\n  return payload;\n}\nfunction renderContent(content, props) {\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(content, props);\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(DefaultTooltipContent, props);\n}\nexport var Tooltip = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Tooltip, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Tooltip);\n  function Tooltip() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Tooltip);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      boxWidth: -1,\n      boxHeight: -1,\n      dismissed: false,\n      dismissedAtCoordinate: {\n        x: 0,\n        y: 0\n      }\n    };\n    _this.wrapperNode = void 0;\n    _this.getTranslate = function (_ref) {\n      var key = _ref.key,\n        tooltipDimension = _ref.tooltipDimension,\n        viewBoxDimension = _ref.viewBoxDimension;\n      var _this$props = _this.props,\n        allowEscapeViewBox = _this$props.allowEscapeViewBox,\n        coordinate = _this$props.coordinate,\n        offset = _this$props.offset,\n        position = _this$props.position,\n        viewBox = _this$props.viewBox;\n      if (position && isNumber(position[key])) {\n        return position[key];\n      }\n      var restricted = coordinate[key] - tooltipDimension - offset;\n      var unrestricted = coordinate[key] + offset;\n      if (allowEscapeViewBox[key]) {\n        return unrestricted;\n      }\n      var tooltipBoundary = coordinate[key] + tooltipDimension + offset;\n      var viewBoxBoundary = viewBox[key] + viewBoxDimension;\n      if (tooltipBoundary > viewBoxBoundary) {\n        return Math.max(restricted, viewBox[key]);\n      }\n      return Math.max(unrestricted, viewBox[key]);\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Tooltip, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"updateBBox\",\n    value: function updateBBox() {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state.boxHeight,\n        dismissed = _this$state.dismissed;\n      if (dismissed) {\n        this.wrapperNode.blur();\n        if (this.props.coordinate.x !== this.state.dismissedAtCoordinate.x || this.props.coordinate.y !== this.state.dismissedAtCoordinate.y) {\n          this.setState({\n            dismissed: false\n          });\n        }\n      } else {\n        this.wrapperNode.focus({\n          preventScroll: true\n        });\n      }\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        var box = this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n        if (Math.abs(box.width - boxWidth) > EPS || Math.abs(box.height - boxHeight) > EPS) {\n          this.setState({\n            boxWidth: box.width,\n            boxHeight: box.height\n          });\n        }\n      } else if (boxWidth !== -1 || boxHeight !== -1) {\n        this.setState({\n          boxWidth: -1,\n          boxHeight: -1\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _classNames,\n        _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive,\n        animationDuration = _this$props2.animationDuration,\n        animationEasing = _this$props2.animationEasing,\n        filterNull = _this$props2.filterNull,\n        payloadUniqBy = _this$props2.payloadUniqBy;\n      var finalPayload = getUniqPayload(payloadUniqBy, filterNull && payload && payload.length ? payload.filter(function (entry) {\n        return !_isNil(entry.value);\n      }) : payload);\n      var hasPayload = finalPayload && finalPayload.length;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        content = _this$props3.content,\n        viewBox = _this$props3.viewBox,\n        coordinate = _this$props3.coordinate,\n        position = _this$props3.position,\n        active = _this$props3.active,\n        wrapperStyle = _this$props3.wrapperStyle;\n      var outerStyle = _objectSpread({\n        pointerEvents: 'none',\n        visibility: !this.state.dismissed && active && hasPayload ? 'visible' : 'hidden',\n        position: 'absolute',\n        top: 0,\n        left: 0\n      }, wrapperStyle);\n      var translateX, translateY;\n      if (position && isNumber(position.x) && isNumber(position.y)) {\n        translateX = position.x;\n        translateY = position.y;\n      } else {\n        var _this$state2 = this.state,\n          boxWidth = _this$state2.boxWidth,\n          boxHeight = _this$state2.boxHeight;\n        if (boxWidth > 0 && boxHeight > 0 && coordinate) {\n          translateX = this.getTranslate({\n            key: 'x',\n            tooltipDimension: boxWidth,\n            viewBoxDimension: viewBox.width\n          });\n          translateY = this.getTranslate({\n            key: 'y',\n            tooltipDimension: boxHeight,\n            viewBoxDimension: viewBox.height\n          });\n        } else {\n          outerStyle.visibility = 'hidden';\n        }\n      }\n      outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, translateStyle({\n        transform: this.props.useTranslate3d ? \"translate3d(\".concat(translateX, \"px, \").concat(translateY, \"px, 0)\") : \"translate(\".concat(translateX, \"px, \").concat(translateY, \"px)\")\n      })), outerStyle);\n      if (isAnimationActive && active) {\n        outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, translateStyle({\n          transition: \"transform \".concat(animationDuration, \"ms \").concat(animationEasing)\n        })), outerStyle);\n      }\n      var cls = classNames(CLS_PREFIX, (_classNames = {}, _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-right\"), isNumber(translateX) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.x) && translateX >= coordinate.x), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-left\"), isNumber(translateX) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.x) && translateX < coordinate.x), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-bottom\"), isNumber(translateY) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.y) && translateY >= coordinate.y), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"\".concat(CLS_PREFIX, \"-top\"), isNumber(translateY) && coordinate && isNumber(coordinate.y) && translateY < coordinate.y), _classNames));\n      return /*#__PURE__*/(\n        // ESLint is disabled to allow listening to the `Escape` key. Refer to\n        // https://github.com/recharts/recharts/pull/2925\n        // eslint-disable-next-line jsx-a11y/no-noninteractive-element-interactions\n        React.createElement(\"div\", {\n          tabIndex: -1,\n          role: \"dialog\",\n          onKeyDown: function onKeyDown(event) {\n            if (event.key === 'Escape') {\n              _this2.setState({\n                dismissed: true,\n                dismissedAtCoordinate: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _this2.state.dismissedAtCoordinate), {}, {\n                  x: _this2.props.coordinate.x,\n                  y: _this2.props.coordinate.y\n                })\n              });\n            }\n          },\n          className: cls,\n          style: outerStyle,\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.wrapperNode = node;\n          }\n        }, renderContent(content, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n          payload: finalPayload\n        })))\n      );\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Tooltip;\n}(PureComponent);\nTooltip.displayName = 'Tooltip';\nTooltip.defaultProps = {\n  active: false,\n  allowEscapeViewBox: {\n    x: false,\n    y: false\n  },\n  offset: 10,\n  viewBox: {\n    x1: 0,\n    x2: 0,\n    y1: 0,\n    y2: 0\n  },\n  coordinate: {\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0\n  },\n  cursorStyle: {},\n  separator: ' : ',\n  wrapperStyle: {},\n  contentStyle: {},\n  itemStyle: {},\n  labelStyle: {},\n  cursor: true,\n  trigger: 'hover',\n  isAnimationActive: !Global.isSsr,\n  animationEasing: 'ease',\n  animationDuration: 400,\n  filterNull: true,\n  useTranslate3d: false\n};","export var abs = Math.abs;\nexport var atan2 = Math.atan2;\nexport var cos = Math.cos;\nexport var max = Math.max;\nexport var min = Math.min;\nexport var sin = Math.sin;\nexport var sqrt = Math.sqrt;\nexport var epsilon = 1e-12;\nexport var pi = Math.PI;\nexport var halfPi = pi / 2;\nexport var tau = 2 * pi;\nexport function acos(x) {\n  return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? pi : Math.acos(x);\n}\nexport function asin(x) {\n  return x >= 1 ? halfPi : x <= -1 ? -halfPi : Math.asin(x);\n}","import { pi, tau } from \"../math.js\";\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / pi);\n    context.moveTo(r, 0);\n    context.arc(0, 0, r, 0, tau);\n  }\n};","export default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / 5) / 2;\n    context.moveTo(-3 * r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, -3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(r, -3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(3 * r, -r);\n    context.lineTo(3 * r, r);\n    context.lineTo(r, r);\n    context.lineTo(r, 3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, 3 * r);\n    context.lineTo(-r, r);\n    context.lineTo(-3 * r, r);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var tan30 = Math.sqrt(1 / 3),\n  tan30_2 = tan30 * 2;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var y = Math.sqrt(size / tan30_2),\n      x = y * tan30;\n    context.moveTo(0, -y);\n    context.lineTo(x, 0);\n    context.lineTo(0, y);\n    context.lineTo(-x, 0);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","export default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var w = Math.sqrt(size),\n      x = -w / 2;\n    context.rect(x, x, w, w);\n  }\n};","import { pi, tau } from \"../math.js\";\nvar ka = 0.89081309152928522810,\n  kr = Math.sin(pi / 10) / Math.sin(7 * pi / 10),\n  kx = Math.sin(tau / 10) * kr,\n  ky = -Math.cos(tau / 10) * kr;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size * ka),\n      x = kx * r,\n      y = ky * r;\n    context.moveTo(0, -r);\n    context.lineTo(x, y);\n    for (var i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {\n      var a = tau * i / 5,\n        c = Math.cos(a),\n        s = Math.sin(a);\n      context.lineTo(s * r, -c * r);\n      context.lineTo(c * x - s * y, s * x + c * y);\n    }\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var sqrt3 = Math.sqrt(3);\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var y = -Math.sqrt(size / (sqrt3 * 3));\n    context.moveTo(0, y * 2);\n    context.lineTo(-sqrt3 * y, -y);\n    context.lineTo(sqrt3 * y, -y);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var c = -0.5,\n  s = Math.sqrt(3) / 2,\n  k = 1 / Math.sqrt(12),\n  a = (k / 2 + 1) * 3;\nexport default {\n  draw: function draw(context, size) {\n    var r = Math.sqrt(size / a),\n      x0 = r / 2,\n      y0 = r * k,\n      x1 = x0,\n      y1 = r * k + r,\n      x2 = -x1,\n      y2 = y1;\n    context.moveTo(x0, y0);\n    context.lineTo(x1, y1);\n    context.lineTo(x2, y2);\n    context.lineTo(c * x0 - s * y0, s * x0 + c * y0);\n    context.lineTo(c * x1 - s * y1, s * x1 + c * y1);\n    context.lineTo(c * x2 - s * y2, s * x2 + c * y2);\n    context.lineTo(c * x0 + s * y0, c * y0 - s * x0);\n    context.lineTo(c * x1 + s * y1, c * y1 - s * x1);\n    context.lineTo(c * x2 + s * y2, c * y2 - s * x2);\n    context.closePath();\n  }\n};","var pi = Math.PI,\n  tau = 2 * pi,\n  epsilon = 1e-6,\n  tauEpsilon = tau - epsilon;\nfunction Path() {\n  this._x0 = this._y0 =\n  // start of current subpath\n  this._x1 = this._y1 = null; // end of current subpath\n  this._ = \"\";\n}\nfunction path() {\n  return new Path();\n}\nPath.prototype = path.prototype = {\n  constructor: Path,\n  moveTo: function moveTo(x, y) {\n    this._ += \"M\" + (this._x0 = this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y0 = this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  closePath: function closePath() {\n    if (this._x1 !== null) {\n      this._x1 = this._x0, this._y1 = this._y0;\n      this._ += \"Z\";\n    }\n  },\n  lineTo: function lineTo(x, y) {\n    this._ += \"L\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  quadraticCurveTo: function quadraticCurveTo(x1, y1, x, y) {\n    this._ += \"Q\" + +x1 + \",\" + +y1 + \",\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  bezierCurveTo: function bezierCurveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) {\n    this._ += \"C\" + +x1 + \",\" + +y1 + \",\" + +x2 + \",\" + +y2 + \",\" + (this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y1 = +y);\n  },\n  arcTo: function arcTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, r) {\n    x1 = +x1, y1 = +y1, x2 = +x2, y2 = +y2, r = +r;\n    var x0 = this._x1,\n      y0 = this._y1,\n      x21 = x2 - x1,\n      y21 = y2 - y1,\n      x01 = x0 - x1,\n      y01 = y0 - y1,\n      l01_2 = x01 * x01 + y01 * y01;\n\n    // Is the radius negative? Error.\n    if (r < 0) throw new Error(\"negative radius: \" + r);\n\n    // Is this path empty? Move to (x1,y1).\n    if (this._x1 === null) {\n      this._ += \"M\" + (this._x1 = x1) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1);\n    }\n\n    // Or, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x0,y0)? Do nothing.\n    else if (!(l01_2 > epsilon)) ;\n\n    // Or, are (x0,y0), (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) collinear?\n    // Equivalently, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x2,y2)?\n    // Or, is the radius zero? Line to (x1,y1).\n    else if (!(Math.abs(y01 * x21 - y21 * x01) > epsilon) || !r) {\n      this._ += \"L\" + (this._x1 = x1) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1);\n    }\n\n    // Otherwise, draw an arc!\n    else {\n      var x20 = x2 - x0,\n        y20 = y2 - y0,\n        l21_2 = x21 * x21 + y21 * y21,\n        l20_2 = x20 * x20 + y20 * y20,\n        l21 = Math.sqrt(l21_2),\n        l01 = Math.sqrt(l01_2),\n        l = r * Math.tan((pi - Math.acos((l21_2 + l01_2 - l20_2) / (2 * l21 * l01))) / 2),\n        t01 = l / l01,\n        t21 = l / l21;\n\n      // If the start tangent is not coincident with (x0,y0), line to.\n      if (Math.abs(t01 - 1) > epsilon) {\n        this._ += \"L\" + (x1 + t01 * x01) + \",\" + (y1 + t01 * y01);\n      }\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,0,\" + +(y01 * x20 > x01 * y20) + \",\" + (this._x1 = x1 + t21 * x21) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y1 + t21 * y21);\n    }\n  },\n  arc: function arc(x, y, r, a0, a1, ccw) {\n    x = +x, y = +y, r = +r, ccw = !!ccw;\n    var dx = r * Math.cos(a0),\n      dy = r * Math.sin(a0),\n      x0 = x + dx,\n      y0 = y + dy,\n      cw = 1 ^ ccw,\n      da = ccw ? a0 - a1 : a1 - a0;\n\n    // Is the radius negative? Error.\n    if (r < 0) throw new Error(\"negative radius: \" + r);\n\n    // Is this path empty? Move to (x0,y0).\n    if (this._x1 === null) {\n      this._ += \"M\" + x0 + \",\" + y0;\n    }\n\n    // Or, is (x0,y0) not coincident with the previous point? Line to (x0,y0).\n    else if (Math.abs(this._x1 - x0) > epsilon || Math.abs(this._y1 - y0) > epsilon) {\n      this._ += \"L\" + x0 + \",\" + y0;\n    }\n\n    // Is this arc empty? We’re done.\n    if (!r) return;\n\n    // Does the angle go the wrong way? Flip the direction.\n    if (da < 0) da = da % tau + tau;\n\n    // Is this a complete circle? Draw two arcs to complete the circle.\n    if (da > tauEpsilon) {\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,1,\" + cw + \",\" + (x - dx) + \",\" + (y - dy) + \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,1,\" + cw + \",\" + (this._x1 = x0) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y0);\n    }\n\n    // Is this arc non-empty? Draw an arc!\n    else if (da > epsilon) {\n      this._ += \"A\" + r + \",\" + r + \",0,\" + +(da >= pi) + \",\" + cw + \",\" + (this._x1 = x + r * Math.cos(a1)) + \",\" + (this._y1 = y + r * Math.sin(a1));\n    }\n  },\n  rect: function rect(x, y, w, h) {\n    this._ += \"M\" + (this._x0 = this._x1 = +x) + \",\" + (this._y0 = this._y1 = +y) + \"h\" + +w + \"v\" + +h + \"h\" + -w + \"Z\";\n  },\n  toString: function toString() {\n    return this._;\n  }\n};\nexport default path;","export default function (x) {\n  return function constant() {\n    return x;\n  };\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Curve\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { symbol as shapeSymbol, symbolCircle, symbolCross, symbolDiamond, symbolSquare, symbolStar, symbolTriangle, symbolWye } from 'd3-shape';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar symbolFactories = {\n  symbolCircle: symbolCircle,\n  symbolCross: symbolCross,\n  symbolDiamond: symbolDiamond,\n  symbolSquare: symbolSquare,\n  symbolStar: symbolStar,\n  symbolTriangle: symbolTriangle,\n  symbolWye: symbolWye\n};\nvar RADIAN = Math.PI / 180;\nvar getSymbolFactory = function getSymbolFactory(type) {\n  var name = \"symbol\".concat(_upperFirst(type));\n  return symbolFactories[name] || symbolCircle;\n};\nvar calculateAreaSize = function calculateAreaSize(size, sizeType, type) {\n  if (sizeType === 'area') {\n    return size;\n  }\n  switch (type) {\n    case 'cross':\n      return 5 * size * size / 9;\n    case 'diamond':\n      return 0.5 * size * size / Math.sqrt(3);\n    case 'square':\n      return size * size;\n    case 'star':\n      {\n        var angle = 18 * RADIAN;\n        return 1.25 * size * size * (Math.tan(angle) - Math.tan(angle * 2) * Math.pow(Math.tan(angle), 2));\n      }\n    case 'triangle':\n      return Math.sqrt(3) * size * size / 4;\n    case 'wye':\n      return (21 - 10 * Math.sqrt(3)) * size * size / 8;\n    default:\n      return Math.PI * size * size / 4;\n  }\n};\nexport var Symbols = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Symbols, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Symbols);\n  function Symbols() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Symbols);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Symbols, [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Calculate the path of curve\n     * @return {String} path\n     */\n    function getPath() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        size = _this$props.size,\n        sizeType = _this$props.sizeType,\n        type = _this$props.type;\n      var symbolFactory = getSymbolFactory(type);\n      var symbol = shapeSymbol().type(symbolFactory).size(calculateAreaSize(size, sizeType, type));\n      return symbol();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        className = _this$props2.className,\n        cx = _this$props2.cx,\n        cy = _this$props2.cy,\n        size = _this$props2.size;\n      if (cx === +cx && cy === +cy && size === +size) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n          className: classNames('recharts-symbols', className),\n          transform: \"translate(\".concat(cx, \", \").concat(cy, \")\"),\n          d: this.getPath()\n        }));\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Symbols;\n}(PureComponent);\nSymbols.defaultProps = {\n  type: 'circle',\n  size: 64,\n  sizeType: 'area'\n};\nSymbols.registerSymbol = function (key, factory) {\n  symbolFactories[\"symbol\".concat(_upperFirst(key))] = factory;\n};","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport circle from \"./symbol/circle.js\";\nimport cross from \"./symbol/cross.js\";\nimport diamond from \"./symbol/diamond.js\";\nimport star from \"./symbol/star.js\";\nimport square from \"./symbol/square.js\";\nimport triangle from \"./symbol/triangle.js\";\nimport wye from \"./symbol/wye.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nexport var symbols = [circle, cross, diamond, square, star, triangle, wye];\nexport default function (type, size) {\n  var context = null;\n  type = typeof type === \"function\" ? type : constant(type || circle);\n  size = typeof size === \"function\" ? size : constant(size === undefined ? 64 : +size);\n  function symbol() {\n    var buffer;\n    if (!context) context = buffer = path();\n    type.apply(this, arguments).draw(context, +size.apply(this, arguments));\n    if (buffer) return context = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  symbol.type = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (type = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(_), symbol) : type;\n  };\n  symbol.size = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (size = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), symbol) : size;\n  };\n  symbol.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (context = _ == null ? null : _, symbol) : context;\n  };\n  return symbol;\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Default Legend Content\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Surface } from '../container/Surface';\nimport { Symbols } from '../shape/Symbols';\nimport { adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nvar SIZE = 32;\nexport var DefaultLegendContent = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(DefaultLegendContent, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(DefaultLegendContent);\n  function DefaultLegendContent() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, DefaultLegendContent);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(DefaultLegendContent, [{\n    key: \"renderIcon\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Render the path of icon\n     * @param {Object} data Data of each legend item\n     * @return {String} Path element\n     */\n    function renderIcon(data) {\n      var inactiveColor = this.props.inactiveColor;\n      var halfSize = SIZE / 2;\n      var sixthSize = SIZE / 6;\n      var thirdSize = SIZE / 3;\n      var color = data.inactive ? inactiveColor : data.color;\n      if (data.type === 'plainline') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n          strokeWidth: 4,\n          fill: \"none\",\n          stroke: color,\n          strokeDasharray: data.payload.strokeDasharray,\n          x1: 0,\n          y1: halfSize,\n          x2: SIZE,\n          y2: halfSize,\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if (data.type === 'line') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n          strokeWidth: 4,\n          fill: \"none\",\n          stroke: color,\n          d: \"M0,\".concat(halfSize, \"h\").concat(thirdSize, \"\\n            A\").concat(sixthSize, \",\").concat(sixthSize, \",0,1,1,\").concat(2 * thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize, \"\\n            H\").concat(SIZE, \"M\").concat(2 * thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize, \"\\n            A\").concat(sixthSize, \",\").concat(sixthSize, \",0,1,1,\").concat(thirdSize, \",\").concat(halfSize),\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if (data.type === 'rect') {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n          stroke: \"none\",\n          fill: color,\n          d: \"M0,\".concat(SIZE / 8, \"h\").concat(SIZE, \"v\").concat(SIZE * 3 / 4, \"h\").concat(-SIZE, \"z\"),\n          className: \"recharts-legend-icon\"\n        });\n      }\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(data.legendIcon)) {\n        var iconProps = _objectSpread({}, data);\n        delete iconProps.legendIcon;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(data.legendIcon, iconProps);\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Symbols, {\n        fill: color,\n        cx: halfSize,\n        cy: halfSize,\n        size: SIZE,\n        sizeType: \"diameter\",\n        type: data.type\n      });\n    }\n    /**\n     * Draw items of legend\n     * @return {ReactElement} Items\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderItems\",\n    value: function renderItems() {\n      var _this = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props.payload,\n        iconSize = _this$props.iconSize,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        formatter = _this$props.formatter,\n        inactiveColor = _this$props.inactiveColor;\n      var viewBox = {\n        x: 0,\n        y: 0,\n        width: SIZE,\n        height: SIZE\n      };\n      var itemStyle = {\n        display: layout === 'horizontal' ? 'inline-block' : 'block',\n        marginRight: 10\n      };\n      var svgStyle = {\n        display: 'inline-block',\n        verticalAlign: 'middle',\n        marginRight: 4\n      };\n      return payload.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var _classNames;\n        var finalFormatter = entry.formatter || formatter;\n        var className = classNames((_classNames = {\n          'recharts-legend-item': true\n        }, _defineProperty(_classNames, \"legend-item-\".concat(i), true), _defineProperty(_classNames, \"inactive\", entry.inactive), _classNames));\n        if (entry.type === 'none') {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var color = entry.inactive ? inactiveColor : entry.color;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"li\", _extends({\n          className: className,\n          style: itemStyle,\n          key: \"legend-item-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this.props, entry, i)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, {\n          width: iconSize,\n          height: iconSize,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          style: svgStyle\n        }, _this.renderIcon(entry)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"span\", {\n          className: \"recharts-legend-item-text\",\n          style: {\n            color: color\n          }\n        }, finalFormatter ? finalFormatter(entry.value, entry, i) : entry.value));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload,\n        layout = _this$props2.layout,\n        align = _this$props2.align;\n      if (!payload || !payload.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var finalStyle = {\n        padding: 0,\n        margin: 0,\n        textAlign: layout === 'horizontal' ? align : 'left'\n      };\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"ul\", {\n        className: \"recharts-default-legend\",\n        style: finalStyle\n      }, this.renderItems());\n    }\n  }]);\n  return DefaultLegendContent;\n}(PureComponent);\nDefaultLegendContent.displayName = 'Legend';\nDefaultLegendContent.defaultProps = {\n  iconSize: 14,\n  layout: 'horizontal',\n  align: 'center',\n  verticalAlign: 'middle',\n  inactiveColor: '#ccc'\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _uniqBy from \"lodash/uniqBy\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Legend\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { DefaultLegendContent } from './DefaultLegendContent';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nfunction defaultUniqBy(entry) {\n  return entry.value;\n}\nfunction getUniqPayload(option, payload) {\n  if (option === true) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, defaultUniqBy);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    return _uniqBy(payload, option);\n  }\n  return payload;\n}\nfunction renderContent(content, props) {\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(content, props);\n  }\n  var ref = props.ref,\n    otherProps = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"ref\"]);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(DefaultLegendContent, otherProps);\n}\nvar EPS = 1;\nexport var Legend = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Legend, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Legend);\n  function Legend() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Legend);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.wrapperNode = void 0;\n    _this.state = {\n      boxWidth: -1,\n      boxHeight: -1\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Legend, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n    value: function componentDidUpdate() {\n      this.updateBBox();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBBox\",\n    value: function getBBox() {\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        return this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getBBoxSnapshot\",\n    value: function getBBoxSnapshot() {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state.boxHeight;\n      if (boxWidth >= 0 && boxHeight >= 0) {\n        return {\n          width: boxWidth,\n          height: boxHeight\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDefaultPosition\",\n    value: function getDefaultPosition(style) {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        align = _this$props.align,\n        verticalAlign = _this$props.verticalAlign,\n        margin = _this$props.margin,\n        chartWidth = _this$props.chartWidth,\n        chartHeight = _this$props.chartHeight;\n      var hPos, vPos;\n      if (!style || (style.left === undefined || style.left === null) && (style.right === undefined || style.right === null)) {\n        if (align === 'center' && layout === 'vertical') {\n          var _box = this.getBBoxSnapshot() || {\n            width: 0\n          };\n          hPos = {\n            left: ((chartWidth || 0) - _box.width) / 2\n          };\n        } else {\n          hPos = align === 'right' ? {\n            right: margin && margin.right || 0\n          } : {\n            left: margin && margin.left || 0\n          };\n        }\n      }\n      if (!style || (style.top === undefined || style.top === null) && (style.bottom === undefined || style.bottom === null)) {\n        if (verticalAlign === 'middle') {\n          var _box2 = this.getBBoxSnapshot() || {\n            height: 0\n          };\n          vPos = {\n            top: ((chartHeight || 0) - _box2.height) / 2\n          };\n        } else {\n          vPos = verticalAlign === 'bottom' ? {\n            bottom: margin && margin.bottom || 0\n          } : {\n            top: margin && margin.top || 0\n          };\n        }\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, hPos), vPos);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"updateBBox\",\n    value: function updateBBox() {\n      var _this$state2 = this.state,\n        boxWidth = _this$state2.boxWidth,\n        boxHeight = _this$state2.boxHeight;\n      var onBBoxUpdate = this.props.onBBoxUpdate;\n      if (this.wrapperNode && this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect) {\n        var _box3 = this.wrapperNode.getBoundingClientRect();\n        if (Math.abs(_box3.width - boxWidth) > EPS || Math.abs(_box3.height - boxHeight) > EPS) {\n          this.setState({\n            boxWidth: _box3.width,\n            boxHeight: _box3.height\n          }, function () {\n            if (onBBoxUpdate) {\n              onBBoxUpdate(_box3);\n            }\n          });\n        }\n      } else if (boxWidth !== -1 || boxHeight !== -1) {\n        this.setState({\n          boxWidth: -1,\n          boxHeight: -1\n        }, function () {\n          if (onBBoxUpdate) {\n            onBBoxUpdate(null);\n          }\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        content = _this$props2.content,\n        width = _this$props2.width,\n        height = _this$props2.height,\n        wrapperStyle = _this$props2.wrapperStyle,\n        payloadUniqBy = _this$props2.payloadUniqBy,\n        payload = _this$props2.payload;\n      var outerStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        position: 'absolute',\n        width: width || 'auto',\n        height: height || 'auto'\n      }, this.getDefaultPosition(wrapperStyle)), wrapperStyle);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", {\n        className: \"recharts-legend-wrapper\",\n        style: outerStyle,\n        ref: function ref(node) {\n          _this2.wrapperNode = node;\n        }\n      }, renderContent(content, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        payload: getUniqPayload(payloadUniqBy, payload)\n      })));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getWithHeight\",\n    value: function getWithHeight(item, chartWidth) {\n      var layout = item.props.layout;\n      if (layout === 'vertical' && isNumber(item.props.height)) {\n        return {\n          height: item.props.height\n        };\n      }\n      if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n        return {\n          width: item.props.width || chartWidth\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Legend;\n}(PureComponent);\nLegend.displayName = 'Legend';\nLegend.defaultProps = {\n  iconSize: 14,\n  layout: 'horizontal',\n  align: 'center',\n  verticalAlign: 'bottom'\n};","export default function () {}","function _point(that, x, y) {\n  that._context.bezierCurveTo((2 * that._x0 + that._x1) / 3, (2 * that._y0 + that._y1) / 3, (that._x0 + 2 * that._x1) / 3, (that._y0 + 2 * that._y1) / 3, (that._x0 + 4 * that._x1 + x) / 6, (that._y0 + 4 * that._y1 + y) / 6);\n}\nexport { _point as point };\nexport function Basis(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasis.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 3:\n        _point(this, this._x1, this._y1);\n      // proceed\n      case 2:\n        this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1);\n        break;\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        this._context.lineTo((5 * this._x0 + this._x1) / 6, (5 * this._y0 + this._y1) / 6);\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Basis(context);\n}","import noop from \"../noop.js\";\nimport { point as _point } from \"./basis.js\";\nfunction BasisClosed(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasisClosed.prototype = {\n  areaStart: noop,\n  areaEnd: noop,\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 = this._x3 = this._x4 = this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = this._y3 = this._y4 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 1:\n        {\n          this._context.moveTo(this._x2, this._y2);\n          this._context.closePath();\n          break;\n        }\n      case 2:\n        {\n          this._context.moveTo((this._x2 + 2 * this._x3) / 3, (this._y2 + 2 * this._y3) / 3);\n          this._context.lineTo((this._x3 + 2 * this._x2) / 3, (this._y3 + 2 * this._y2) / 3);\n          this._context.closePath();\n          break;\n        }\n      case 3:\n        {\n          this.point(this._x2, this._y2);\n          this.point(this._x3, this._y3);\n          this.point(this._x4, this._y4);\n          break;\n        }\n    }\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._x2 = x, this._y2 = y;\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        this._x3 = x, this._y3 = y;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        this._x4 = x, this._y4 = y;\n        this._context.moveTo((this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6, (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6);\n        break;\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new BasisClosed(context);\n}","import { point as _point } from \"./basis.js\";\nfunction BasisOpen(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nBasisOpen.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 3) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        var x0 = (this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6,\n          y0 = (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x0, y0) : this._context.moveTo(x0, y0);\n        break;\n      case 3:\n        this._point = 4;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        _point(this, x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new BasisOpen(context);\n}","import noop from \"../noop.js\";\nfunction LinearClosed(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nLinearClosed.prototype = {\n  areaStart: noop,\n  areaEnd: noop,\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._point) this._context.closePath();\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    if (this._point) this._context.lineTo(x, y);else this._point = 1, this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new LinearClosed(context);\n}","function Linear(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nLinear.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        this._context.lineTo(x, y);\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Linear(context);\n}","function sign(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -1 : 1;\n}\n\n// Calculate the slopes of the tangents (Hermite-type interpolation) based on\n// the following paper: Steffen, M. 1990. A Simple Method for Monotonic\n// Interpolation in One Dimension. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 239, NO.\n// NOV(II), P. 443, 1990.\nfunction slope3(that, x2, y2) {\n  var h0 = that._x1 - that._x0,\n    h1 = x2 - that._x1,\n    s0 = (that._y1 - that._y0) / (h0 || h1 < 0 && -0),\n    s1 = (y2 - that._y1) / (h1 || h0 < 0 && -0),\n    p = (s0 * h1 + s1 * h0) / (h0 + h1);\n  return (sign(s0) + sign(s1)) * Math.min(Math.abs(s0), Math.abs(s1), 0.5 * Math.abs(p)) || 0;\n}\n\n// Calculate a one-sided slope.\nfunction slope2(that, t) {\n  var h = that._x1 - that._x0;\n  return h ? (3 * (that._y1 - that._y0) / h - t) / 2 : t;\n}\n\n// According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline#Representations\n// \"you can express cubic Hermite interpolation in terms of cubic Bézier curves\n// with respect to the four values p0, p0 + m0 / 3, p1 - m1 / 3, p1\".\nfunction _point(that, t0, t1) {\n  var x0 = that._x0,\n    y0 = that._y0,\n    x1 = that._x1,\n    y1 = that._y1,\n    dx = (x1 - x0) / 3;\n  that._context.bezierCurveTo(x0 + dx, y0 + dx * t0, x1 - dx, y1 - dx * t1, x1, y1);\n}\nfunction MonotoneX(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nMonotoneX.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x0 = this._x1 = this._y0 = this._y1 = this._t0 = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 2:\n        this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1);\n        break;\n      case 3:\n        _point(this, this._t0, slope2(this, this._t0));\n        break;\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    var t1 = NaN;\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    if (x === this._x1 && y === this._y1) return; // Ignore coincident points.\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n        break;\n      case 2:\n        this._point = 3;\n        _point(this, slope2(this, t1 = slope3(this, x, y)), t1);\n        break;\n      default:\n        _point(this, this._t0, t1 = slope3(this, x, y));\n        break;\n    }\n    this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;\n    this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;\n    this._t0 = t1;\n  }\n};\nfunction MonotoneY(context) {\n  this._context = new ReflectContext(context);\n}\n(MonotoneY.prototype = Object.create(MonotoneX.prototype)).point = function (x, y) {\n  MonotoneX.prototype.point.call(this, y, x);\n};\nfunction ReflectContext(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nReflectContext.prototype = {\n  moveTo: function moveTo(x, y) {\n    this._context.moveTo(y, x);\n  },\n  closePath: function closePath() {\n    this._context.closePath();\n  },\n  lineTo: function lineTo(x, y) {\n    this._context.lineTo(y, x);\n  },\n  bezierCurveTo: function bezierCurveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) {\n    this._context.bezierCurveTo(y1, x1, y2, x2, y, x);\n  }\n};\nexport function monotoneX(context) {\n  return new MonotoneX(context);\n}\nexport function monotoneY(context) {\n  return new MonotoneY(context);\n}","function Natural(context) {\n  this._context = context;\n}\nNatural.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x = [];\n    this._y = [];\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    var x = this._x,\n      y = this._y,\n      n = x.length;\n    if (n) {\n      this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x[0], y[0]) : this._context.moveTo(x[0], y[0]);\n      if (n === 2) {\n        this._context.lineTo(x[1], y[1]);\n      } else {\n        var px = controlPoints(x),\n          py = controlPoints(y);\n        for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 1; i1 < n; ++i0, ++i1) {\n          this._context.bezierCurveTo(px[0][i0], py[0][i0], px[1][i0], py[1][i0], x[i1], y[i1]);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && n === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    this._line = 1 - this._line;\n    this._x = this._y = null;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    this._x.push(+x);\n    this._y.push(+y);\n  }\n};\n\n// See https://www.particleincell.com/2012/bezier-splines/ for derivation.\nfunction controlPoints(x) {\n  var i,\n    n = x.length - 1,\n    m,\n    a = new Array(n),\n    b = new Array(n),\n    r = new Array(n);\n  a[0] = 0, b[0] = 2, r[0] = x[0] + 2 * x[1];\n  for (i = 1; i < n - 1; ++i) {\n    a[i] = 1, b[i] = 4, r[i] = 4 * x[i] + 2 * x[i + 1];\n  }\n  a[n - 1] = 2, b[n - 1] = 7, r[n - 1] = 8 * x[n - 1] + x[n];\n  for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {\n    m = a[i] / b[i - 1], b[i] -= m, r[i] -= m * r[i - 1];\n  }\n  a[n - 1] = r[n - 1] / b[n - 1];\n  for (i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) {\n    a[i] = (r[i] - a[i + 1]) / b[i];\n  }\n  b[n - 1] = (x[n] + a[n - 1]) / 2;\n  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {\n    b[i] = 2 * x[i + 1] - a[i + 1];\n  }\n  return [a, b];\n}\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Natural(context);\n}","function Step(context, t) {\n  this._context = context;\n  this._t = t;\n}\nStep.prototype = {\n  areaStart: function areaStart() {\n    this._line = 0;\n  },\n  areaEnd: function areaEnd() {\n    this._line = NaN;\n  },\n  lineStart: function lineStart() {\n    this._x = this._y = NaN;\n    this._point = 0;\n  },\n  lineEnd: function lineEnd() {\n    if (0 < this._t && this._t < 1 && this._point === 2) this._context.lineTo(this._x, this._y);\n    if (this._line || this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1) this._context.closePath();\n    if (this._line >= 0) this._t = 1 - this._t, this._line = 1 - this._line;\n  },\n  point: function point(x, y) {\n    x = +x, y = +y;\n    switch (this._point) {\n      case 0:\n        this._point = 1;\n        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y);\n        break;\n      case 1:\n        this._point = 2;\n      // proceed\n      default:\n        {\n          if (this._t <= 0) {\n            this._context.lineTo(this._x, y);\n            this._context.lineTo(x, y);\n          } else {\n            var x1 = this._x * (1 - this._t) + x * this._t;\n            this._context.lineTo(x1, this._y);\n            this._context.lineTo(x1, y);\n          }\n          break;\n        }\n    }\n    this._x = x, this._y = y;\n  }\n};\nexport default function (context) {\n  return new Step(context, 0.5);\n}\nexport function stepBefore(context) {\n  return new Step(context, 0);\n}\nexport function stepAfter(context) {\n  return new Step(context, 1);\n}","export var slice = Array.prototype.slice;\nexport default function (x) {\n  return typeof x === \"object\" && \"length\" in x ? x // Array, TypedArray, NodeList, array-like\n  : Array.from(x); // Map, Set, iterable, string, or anything else\n}","export function x(p) {\n  return p[0];\n}\nexport function y(p) {\n  return p[1];\n}","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport curveLinear from \"./curve/linear.js\";\nimport { x as pointX, y as pointY } from \"./point.js\";\nexport default function (x, y) {\n  var defined = constant(true),\n    context = null,\n    curve = curveLinear,\n    output = null;\n  x = typeof x === \"function\" ? x : x === undefined ? pointX : constant(x);\n  y = typeof y === \"function\" ? y : y === undefined ? pointY : constant(y);\n  function line(data) {\n    var i,\n      n = (data = array(data)).length,\n      d,\n      defined0 = false,\n      buffer;\n    if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());\n    for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {\n      if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {\n        if (defined0 = !defined0) output.lineStart();else output.lineEnd();\n      }\n      if (defined0) output.point(+x(d, i, data), +y(d, i, data));\n    }\n    if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  line.x = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), line) : x;\n  };\n  line.y = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), line) : y;\n  };\n  line.defined = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(!!_), line) : defined;\n  };\n  line.curve = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), line) : curve;\n  };\n  line.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), line) : context;\n  };\n  return line;\n}","import { path } from \"d3-path\";\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport curveLinear from \"./curve/linear.js\";\nimport line from \"./line.js\";\nimport { x as pointX, y as pointY } from \"./point.js\";\nexport default function (x0, y0, y1) {\n  var x1 = null,\n    defined = constant(true),\n    context = null,\n    curve = curveLinear,\n    output = null;\n  x0 = typeof x0 === \"function\" ? x0 : x0 === undefined ? pointX : constant(+x0);\n  y0 = typeof y0 === \"function\" ? y0 : y0 === undefined ? constant(0) : constant(+y0);\n  y1 = typeof y1 === \"function\" ? y1 : y1 === undefined ? pointY : constant(+y1);\n  function area(data) {\n    var i,\n      j,\n      k,\n      n = (data = array(data)).length,\n      d,\n      defined0 = false,\n      buffer,\n      x0z = new Array(n),\n      y0z = new Array(n);\n    if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());\n    for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {\n      if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {\n        if (defined0 = !defined0) {\n          j = i;\n          output.areaStart();\n          output.lineStart();\n        } else {\n          output.lineEnd();\n          output.lineStart();\n          for (k = i - 1; k >= j; --k) {\n            output.point(x0z[k], y0z[k]);\n          }\n          output.lineEnd();\n          output.areaEnd();\n        }\n      }\n      if (defined0) {\n        x0z[i] = +x0(d, i, data), y0z[i] = +y0(d, i, data);\n        output.point(x1 ? +x1(d, i, data) : x0z[i], y1 ? +y1(d, i, data) : y0z[i]);\n      }\n    }\n    if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + \"\" || null;\n  }\n  function arealine() {\n    return line().defined(defined).curve(curve).context(context);\n  }\n  area.x = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), x1 = null, area) : x0;\n  };\n  area.x0 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : x0;\n  };\n  area.x1 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (x1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : x1;\n  };\n  area.y = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), y1 = null, area) : y0;\n  };\n  area.y0 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : y0;\n  };\n  area.y1 = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (y1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), area) : y1;\n  };\n  area.lineX0 = area.lineY0 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x0).y(y0);\n  };\n  area.lineY1 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x0).y(y1);\n  };\n  area.lineX1 = function () {\n    return arealine().x(x1).y(y0);\n  };\n  area.defined = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(!!_), area) : defined;\n  };\n  area.curve = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), area) : curve;\n  };\n  area.context = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), area) : context;\n  };\n  return area;\n}","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Curve\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport { line as shapeLine, area as shapeArea, curveBasisClosed, curveBasisOpen, curveBasis, curveLinearClosed, curveLinear, curveMonotoneX, curveMonotoneY, curveNatural, curveStep, curveStepAfter, curveStepBefore } from 'd3-shape';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { adaptEventHandlers, filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar CURVE_FACTORIES = {\n  curveBasisClosed: curveBasisClosed,\n  curveBasisOpen: curveBasisOpen,\n  curveBasis: curveBasis,\n  curveLinearClosed: curveLinearClosed,\n  curveLinear: curveLinear,\n  curveMonotoneX: curveMonotoneX,\n  curveMonotoneY: curveMonotoneY,\n  curveNatural: curveNatural,\n  curveStep: curveStep,\n  curveStepAfter: curveStepAfter,\n  curveStepBefore: curveStepBefore\n};\nvar defined = function defined(p) {\n  return p.x === +p.x && p.y === +p.y;\n};\nvar getX = function getX(p) {\n  return p.x;\n};\nvar getY = function getY(p) {\n  return p.y;\n};\nvar getCurveFactory = function getCurveFactory(type, layout) {\n  if (_isFunction(type)) {\n    return type;\n  }\n  var name = \"curve\".concat(_upperFirst(type));\n  if (name === 'curveMonotone' && layout) {\n    return CURVE_FACTORIES[\"\".concat(name).concat(layout === 'vertical' ? 'Y' : 'X')];\n  }\n  return CURVE_FACTORIES[name] || curveLinear;\n};\nexport var Curve = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Curve, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Curve);\n  function Curve() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Curve);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Curve, [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * Calculate the path of curve\n     * @return {String} path\n     */\n    function getPath() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        type = _this$props.type,\n        points = _this$props.points,\n        baseLine = _this$props.baseLine,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        connectNulls = _this$props.connectNulls;\n      var curveFactory = getCurveFactory(type, layout);\n      var formatPoints = connectNulls ? points.filter(function (entry) {\n        return defined(entry);\n      }) : points;\n      var lineFunction;\n      if (_isArray(baseLine)) {\n        var formatBaseLine = connectNulls ? baseLine.filter(function (base) {\n          return defined(base);\n        }) : baseLine;\n        var areaPoints = formatPoints.map(function (entry, index) {\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            base: formatBaseLine[index]\n          });\n        });\n        if (layout === 'vertical') {\n          lineFunction = shapeArea().y(getY).x1(getX).x0(function (d) {\n            return d.base.x;\n          });\n        } else {\n          lineFunction = shapeArea().x(getX).y1(getY).y0(function (d) {\n            return d.base.y;\n          });\n        }\n        lineFunction.defined(defined).curve(curveFactory);\n        return lineFunction(areaPoints);\n      }\n      if (layout === 'vertical' && isNumber(baseLine)) {\n        lineFunction = shapeArea().y(getY).x1(getX).x0(baseLine);\n      } else if (isNumber(baseLine)) {\n        lineFunction = shapeArea().x(getX).y1(getY).y0(baseLine);\n      } else {\n        lineFunction = shapeLine().x(getX).y(getY);\n      }\n      lineFunction.defined(defined).curve(curveFactory);\n      return lineFunction(formatPoints);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        className = _this$props2.className,\n        points = _this$props2.points,\n        path = _this$props2.path,\n        pathRef = _this$props2.pathRef;\n      if ((!points || !points.length) && !path) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var realPath = points && points.length ? this.getPath() : path;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props), adaptEventHandlers(this.props), {\n        className: classNames('recharts-curve', className),\n        d: realPath,\n        ref: pathRef\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Curve;\n}(PureComponent);\nCurve.defaultProps = {\n  type: 'linear',\n  points: [],\n  connectNulls: false\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Cross\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Cross = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Cross, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Cross);\n  function Cross() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Cross);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Cross, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        x = _this$props.x,\n        y = _this$props.y,\n        width = _this$props.width,\n        height = _this$props.height,\n        top = _this$props.top,\n        left = _this$props.left,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      if (!isNumber(x) || !isNumber(y) || !isNumber(width) || !isNumber(height) || !isNumber(top) || !isNumber(left)) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cross', className),\n        d: Cross.getPath(x, y, width, height, top, left)\n      }));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getPath\",\n    value: function getPath(x, y, width, height, top, left) {\n      return \"M\".concat(x, \",\").concat(top, \"v\").concat(height, \"M\").concat(left, \",\").concat(y, \"h\").concat(width);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Cross;\n}(PureComponent);\nCross.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  top: 0,\n  left: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0\n};","import _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nimport { getPercentValue } from './DataUtils';\nimport { parseScale, checkDomainOfScale, getTicksOfScale } from './ChartUtils';\nexport var RADIAN = Math.PI / 180;\nexport var degreeToRadian = function degreeToRadian(angle) {\n  return angle * Math.PI / 180;\n};\nexport var radianToDegree = function radianToDegree(angleInRadian) {\n  return angleInRadian * 180 / Math.PI;\n};\nexport var polarToCartesian = function polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, angle) {\n  return {\n    x: cx + Math.cos(-RADIAN * angle) * radius,\n    y: cy + Math.sin(-RADIAN * angle) * radius\n  };\n};\nexport var getMaxRadius = function getMaxRadius(width, height) {\n  var offset = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : {\n    top: 0,\n    right: 0,\n    bottom: 0,\n    left: 0\n  };\n  return Math.min(Math.abs(width - (offset.left || 0) - (offset.right || 0)), Math.abs(height - (offset.top || 0) - (offset.bottom || 0))) / 2;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the scale function, position, width, height of axes\n * @param  {Object} props     Latest props\n * @param  {Object} axisMap   The configuration of axes\n * @param  {Object} offset    The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {Object} axisType  The type of axes, radius-axis or angle-axis\n * @param  {String} chartName The name of chart\n * @return {Object} Configuration\n */\n\nexport var formatAxisMap = function formatAxisMap(props, axisMap, offset, axisType, chartName) {\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height;\n  var startAngle = props.startAngle,\n    endAngle = props.endAngle;\n  var cx = getPercentValue(props.cx, width, width / 2);\n  var cy = getPercentValue(props.cy, height, height / 2);\n  var maxRadius = getMaxRadius(width, height, offset);\n  var innerRadius = getPercentValue(props.innerRadius, maxRadius, 0);\n  var outerRadius = getPercentValue(props.outerRadius, maxRadius, maxRadius * 0.8);\n  var ids = Object.keys(axisMap);\n  return ids.reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var axis = axisMap[id];\n    var domain = axis.domain,\n      reversed = axis.reversed;\n    var range;\n    if (_isNil(axis.range)) {\n      if (axisType === 'angleAxis') {\n        range = [startAngle, endAngle];\n      } else if (axisType === 'radiusAxis') {\n        range = [innerRadius, outerRadius];\n      }\n      if (reversed) {\n        range = [range[1], range[0]];\n      }\n    } else {\n      range = axis.range;\n      var _range = range;\n      var _range2 = _slicedToArray(_range, 2);\n      startAngle = _range2[0];\n      endAngle = _range2[1];\n    }\n    var _parseScale = parseScale(axis, chartName),\n      realScaleType = _parseScale.realScaleType,\n      scale = _parseScale.scale;\n    scale.domain(domain).range(range);\n    checkDomainOfScale(scale);\n    var ticks = getTicksOfScale(scale, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType\n    }));\n    var finalAxis = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), ticks), {}, {\n      range: range,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      realScaleType: realScaleType,\n      scale: scale,\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius,\n      startAngle: startAngle,\n      endAngle: endAngle\n    });\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, id, finalAxis));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var distanceBetweenPoints = function distanceBetweenPoints(point, anotherPoint) {\n  var x1 = point.x,\n    y1 = point.y;\n  var x2 = anotherPoint.x,\n    y2 = anotherPoint.y;\n  return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x1 - x2, 2) + Math.pow(y1 - y2, 2));\n};\nexport var getAngleOfPoint = function getAngleOfPoint(_ref, _ref2) {\n  var x = _ref.x,\n    y = _ref.y;\n  var cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy;\n  var radius = distanceBetweenPoints({\n    x: x,\n    y: y\n  }, {\n    x: cx,\n    y: cy\n  });\n  if (radius <= 0) {\n    return {\n      radius: radius\n    };\n  }\n  var cos = (x - cx) / radius;\n  var angleInRadian = Math.acos(cos);\n  if (y > cy) {\n    angleInRadian = 2 * Math.PI - angleInRadian;\n  }\n  return {\n    radius: radius,\n    angle: radianToDegree(angleInRadian),\n    angleInRadian: angleInRadian\n  };\n};\nexport var formatAngleOfSector = function formatAngleOfSector(_ref3) {\n  var startAngle = _ref3.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref3.endAngle;\n  var startCnt = Math.floor(startAngle / 360);\n  var endCnt = Math.floor(endAngle / 360);\n  var min = Math.min(startCnt, endCnt);\n  return {\n    startAngle: startAngle - min * 360,\n    endAngle: endAngle - min * 360\n  };\n};\nvar reverseFormatAngleOfSetor = function reverseFormatAngleOfSetor(angle, _ref4) {\n  var startAngle = _ref4.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref4.endAngle;\n  var startCnt = Math.floor(startAngle / 360);\n  var endCnt = Math.floor(endAngle / 360);\n  var min = Math.min(startCnt, endCnt);\n  return angle + min * 360;\n};\nexport var inRangeOfSector = function inRangeOfSector(_ref5, sector) {\n  var x = _ref5.x,\n    y = _ref5.y;\n  var _getAngleOfPoint = getAngleOfPoint({\n      x: x,\n      y: y\n    }, sector),\n    radius = _getAngleOfPoint.radius,\n    angle = _getAngleOfPoint.angle;\n  var innerRadius = sector.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = sector.outerRadius;\n  if (radius < innerRadius || radius > outerRadius) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (radius === 0) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  var _formatAngleOfSector = formatAngleOfSector(sector),\n    startAngle = _formatAngleOfSector.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _formatAngleOfSector.endAngle;\n  var formatAngle = angle;\n  var inRange;\n  if (startAngle <= endAngle) {\n    while (formatAngle > endAngle) {\n      formatAngle -= 360;\n    }\n    while (formatAngle < startAngle) {\n      formatAngle += 360;\n    }\n    inRange = formatAngle >= startAngle && formatAngle <= endAngle;\n  } else {\n    while (formatAngle > startAngle) {\n      formatAngle -= 360;\n    }\n    while (formatAngle < endAngle) {\n      formatAngle += 360;\n    }\n    inRange = formatAngle >= endAngle && formatAngle <= startAngle;\n  }\n  if (inRange) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, sector), {}, {\n      radius: radius,\n      angle: reverseFormatAngleOfSetor(formatAngle, sector)\n    });\n  }\n  return null;\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Sector\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { polarToCartesian, RADIAN } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { getPercentValue, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nvar getDeltaAngle = function getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle) {\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var deltaAngle = Math.min(Math.abs(endAngle - startAngle), 359.999);\n  return sign * deltaAngle;\n};\nvar getTangentCircle = function getTangentCircle(_ref) {\n  var cx = _ref.cx,\n    cy = _ref.cy,\n    radius = _ref.radius,\n    angle = _ref.angle,\n    sign = _ref.sign,\n    isExternal = _ref.isExternal,\n    cornerRadius = _ref.cornerRadius,\n    cornerIsExternal = _ref.cornerIsExternal;\n  var centerRadius = cornerRadius * (isExternal ? 1 : -1) + radius;\n  var theta = Math.asin(cornerRadius / centerRadius) / RADIAN;\n  var centerAngle = cornerIsExternal ? angle : angle + sign * theta;\n  var center = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, centerRadius, centerAngle); // The coordinate of point which is tangent to the circle\n\n  var circleTangency = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, centerAngle); // The coordinate of point which is tangent to the radius line\n\n  var lineTangencyAngle = cornerIsExternal ? angle - sign * theta : angle;\n  var lineTangency = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, centerRadius * Math.cos(theta * RADIAN), lineTangencyAngle);\n  return {\n    center: center,\n    circleTangency: circleTangency,\n    lineTangency: lineTangency,\n    theta: theta\n  };\n};\nvar getSectorPath = function getSectorPath(_ref2) {\n  var cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref2.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref2.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref2.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref2.endAngle;\n  var angle = getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle); // When the angle of sector equals to 360, star point and end point coincide\n\n  var tempEndAngle = startAngle + angle;\n  var outerStartPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, startAngle);\n  var outerEndPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, tempEndAngle);\n  var path = \"M \".concat(outerStartPoint.x, \",\").concat(outerStartPoint.y, \"\\n    A \").concat(outerRadius, \",\").concat(outerRadius, \",0,\\n    \").concat(+(Math.abs(angle) > 180), \",\").concat(+(startAngle > tempEndAngle), \",\\n    \").concat(outerEndPoint.x, \",\").concat(outerEndPoint.y, \"\\n  \");\n  if (innerRadius > 0) {\n    var innerStartPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, startAngle);\n    var innerEndPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, tempEndAngle);\n    path += \"L \".concat(innerEndPoint.x, \",\").concat(innerEndPoint.y, \"\\n            A \").concat(innerRadius, \",\").concat(innerRadius, \",0,\\n            \").concat(+(Math.abs(angle) > 180), \",\").concat(+(startAngle <= tempEndAngle), \",\\n            \").concat(innerStartPoint.x, \",\").concat(innerStartPoint.y, \" Z\");\n  } else {\n    path += \"L \".concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \" Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nvar getSectorWithCorner = function getSectorWithCorner(_ref3) {\n  var cx = _ref3.cx,\n    cy = _ref3.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref3.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref3.outerRadius,\n    cornerRadius = _ref3.cornerRadius,\n    forceCornerRadius = _ref3.forceCornerRadius,\n    cornerIsExternal = _ref3.cornerIsExternal,\n    startAngle = _ref3.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref3.endAngle;\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var _getTangentCircle = getTangentCircle({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      angle: startAngle,\n      sign: sign,\n      cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n      cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n    }),\n    soct = _getTangentCircle.circleTangency,\n    solt = _getTangentCircle.lineTangency,\n    sot = _getTangentCircle.theta;\n  var _getTangentCircle2 = getTangentCircle({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      radius: outerRadius,\n      angle: endAngle,\n      sign: -sign,\n      cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n      cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n    }),\n    eoct = _getTangentCircle2.circleTangency,\n    eolt = _getTangentCircle2.lineTangency,\n    eot = _getTangentCircle2.theta;\n  var outerArcAngle = cornerIsExternal ? Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) : Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) - sot - eot;\n  if (outerArcAngle < 0) {\n    if (forceCornerRadius) {\n      return \"M \".concat(solt.x, \",\").concat(solt.y, \"\\n        a\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,1,\").concat(cornerRadius * 2, \",0\\n        a\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,1,\").concat(-cornerRadius * 2, \",0\\n      \");\n    }\n    return getSectorPath({\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius,\n      startAngle: startAngle,\n      endAngle: endAngle\n    });\n  }\n  var path = \"M \".concat(solt.x, \",\").concat(solt.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(soct.x, \",\").concat(soct.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(outerRadius, \",\").concat(outerRadius, \",0,\").concat(+(outerArcAngle > 180), \",\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eoct.x, \",\").concat(eoct.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eolt.x, \",\").concat(eolt.y, \"\\n  \");\n  if (innerRadius > 0) {\n    var _getTangentCircle3 = getTangentCircle({\n        cx: cx,\n        cy: cy,\n        radius: innerRadius,\n        angle: startAngle,\n        sign: sign,\n        isExternal: true,\n        cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n      }),\n      sict = _getTangentCircle3.circleTangency,\n      silt = _getTangentCircle3.lineTangency,\n      sit = _getTangentCircle3.theta;\n    var _getTangentCircle4 = getTangentCircle({\n        cx: cx,\n        cy: cy,\n        radius: innerRadius,\n        angle: endAngle,\n        sign: -sign,\n        isExternal: true,\n        cornerRadius: cornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal\n      }),\n      eict = _getTangentCircle4.circleTangency,\n      eilt = _getTangentCircle4.lineTangency,\n      eit = _getTangentCircle4.theta;\n    var innerArcAngle = cornerIsExternal ? Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) : Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) - sit - eit;\n    if (innerArcAngle < 0 && cornerRadius === 0) {\n      return \"\".concat(path, \"L\").concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \"Z\");\n    }\n    path += \"L\".concat(eilt.x, \",\").concat(eilt.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(eict.x, \",\").concat(eict.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(innerRadius, \",\").concat(innerRadius, \",0,\").concat(+(innerArcAngle > 180), \",\").concat(+(sign > 0), \",\").concat(sict.x, \",\").concat(sict.y, \"\\n      A\").concat(cornerRadius, \",\").concat(cornerRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(+(sign < 0), \",\").concat(silt.x, \",\").concat(silt.y, \"Z\");\n  } else {\n    path += \"L\".concat(cx, \",\").concat(cy, \"Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nexport var Sector = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Sector, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Sector);\n  function Sector() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Sector);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Sector, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        cx = _this$props.cx,\n        cy = _this$props.cy,\n        innerRadius = _this$props.innerRadius,\n        outerRadius = _this$props.outerRadius,\n        cornerRadius = _this$props.cornerRadius,\n        forceCornerRadius = _this$props.forceCornerRadius,\n        cornerIsExternal = _this$props.cornerIsExternal,\n        startAngle = _this$props.startAngle,\n        endAngle = _this$props.endAngle,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      if (outerRadius < innerRadius || startAngle === endAngle) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-sector', className);\n      var deltaRadius = outerRadius - innerRadius;\n      var cr = getPercentValue(cornerRadius, deltaRadius, 0, true);\n      var path;\n      if (cr > 0 && Math.abs(startAngle - endAngle) < 360) {\n        path = getSectorWithCorner({\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          cornerRadius: Math.min(cr, deltaRadius / 2),\n          forceCornerRadius: forceCornerRadius,\n          cornerIsExternal: cornerIsExternal,\n          startAngle: startAngle,\n          endAngle: endAngle\n        });\n      } else {\n        path = getSectorPath({\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          startAngle: startAngle,\n          endAngle: endAngle\n        });\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n        className: layerClass,\n        d: path\n      }));\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Sector;\n}(PureComponent);\nSector.defaultProps = {\n  cx: 0,\n  cy: 0,\n  innerRadius: 0,\n  outerRadius: 0,\n  startAngle: 0,\n  endAngle: 0,\n  cornerRadius: 0,\n  forceCornerRadius: false,\n  cornerIsExternal: false\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Dot\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { adaptEventHandlers, filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport var Dot = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Dot, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Dot);\n  function Dot() {\n    _classCallCheck(this, Dot);\n    return _super.apply(this, arguments);\n  }\n  _createClass(Dot, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        cx = _this$props.cx,\n        cy = _this$props.cy,\n        r = _this$props.r,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-dot', className);\n      if (cx === +cx && cy === +cy && r === +r) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"circle\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props), adaptEventHandlers(this.props), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          r: r\n        }));\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Dot;\n}(PureComponent);","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Rectangle\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport Animate from 'react-smooth';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getRectanglePath = function getRectanglePath(x, y, width, height, radius) {\n  var maxRadius = Math.min(Math.abs(width) / 2, Math.abs(height) / 2);\n  var ySign = height >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var xSign = width >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var clockWise = height >= 0 && width >= 0 || height < 0 && width < 0 ? 1 : 0;\n  var path;\n  if (maxRadius > 0 && radius instanceof Array) {\n    var newRadius = [0, 0, 0, 0];\n    for (var i = 0, len = 4; i < len; i++) {\n      newRadius[i] = radius[i] > maxRadius ? maxRadius : radius[i];\n    }\n    path = \"M\".concat(x, \",\").concat(y + ySign * newRadius[0]);\n    if (newRadius[0] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[0], \",\").concat(newRadius[0], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + xSign * newRadius[0], \",\").concat(y);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + width - xSign * newRadius[1], \",\").concat(y);\n    if (newRadius[1] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[1], \",\").concat(newRadius[1], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + ySign * newRadius[1]);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * newRadius[2]);\n    if (newRadius[2] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[2], \",\").concat(newRadius[2], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x + width - xSign * newRadius[2], \",\").concat(y + height);\n    }\n    path += \"L \".concat(x + xSign * newRadius[3], \",\").concat(y + height);\n    if (newRadius[3] > 0) {\n      path += \"A \".concat(newRadius[3], \",\").concat(newRadius[3], \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\\n        \").concat(x, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * newRadius[3]);\n    }\n    path += 'Z';\n  } else if (maxRadius > 0 && radius === +radius && radius > 0) {\n    var _newRadius = Math.min(maxRadius, radius);\n    path = \"M \".concat(x, \",\").concat(y + ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + width - xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + width, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * _newRadius, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x + width - xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y + height, \"\\n            L \").concat(x + xSign * _newRadius, \",\").concat(y + height, \"\\n            A \").concat(_newRadius, \",\").concat(_newRadius, \",0,0,\").concat(clockWise, \",\").concat(x, \",\").concat(y + height - ySign * _newRadius, \" Z\");\n  } else {\n    path = \"M \".concat(x, \",\").concat(y, \" h \").concat(width, \" v \").concat(height, \" h \").concat(-width, \" Z\");\n  }\n  return path;\n};\nexport var isInRectangle = function isInRectangle(point, rect) {\n  if (!point || !rect) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var px = point.x,\n    py = point.y;\n  var x = rect.x,\n    y = rect.y,\n    width = rect.width,\n    height = rect.height;\n  if (Math.abs(width) > 0 && Math.abs(height) > 0) {\n    var minX = Math.min(x, x + width);\n    var maxX = Math.max(x, x + width);\n    var minY = Math.min(y, y + height);\n    var maxY = Math.max(y, y + height);\n    return px >= minX && px <= maxX && py >= minY && py <= maxY;\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var Rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Rectangle, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Rectangle);\n  function Rectangle() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Rectangle);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      totalLength: -1\n    };\n    _this.node = void 0;\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Rectangle, [{\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: /* eslint-disable  react/no-did-mount-set-state */\n    function componentDidMount() {\n      if (this.node && this.node.getTotalLength) {\n        try {\n          var totalLength = this.node.getTotalLength();\n          if (totalLength) {\n            this.setState({\n              totalLength: totalLength\n            });\n          }\n        } catch (err) {// calculate total length error\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        x = _this$props.x,\n        y = _this$props.y,\n        width = _this$props.width,\n        height = _this$props.height,\n        radius = _this$props.radius,\n        className = _this$props.className;\n      var totalLength = this.state.totalLength;\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        animationEasing = _this$props2.animationEasing,\n        animationDuration = _this$props2.animationDuration,\n        animationBegin = _this$props2.animationBegin,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive,\n        isUpdateAnimationActive = _this$props2.isUpdateAnimationActive;\n      if (x !== +x || y !== +y || width !== +width || height !== +height || width === 0 || height === 0) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-rectangle', className);\n      if (!isUpdateAnimationActive) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(this.props, true), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          d: getRectanglePath(x, y, width, height, radius)\n        }));\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n        canBegin: totalLength > 0,\n        from: {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          x: x,\n          y: y\n        },\n        to: {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          x: x,\n          y: y\n        },\n        duration: animationDuration,\n        animationEasing: animationEasing,\n        isActive: isUpdateAnimationActive\n      }, function (_ref) {\n        var currWidth = _ref.width,\n          currHeight = _ref.height,\n          currX = _ref.x,\n          currY = _ref.y;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n          canBegin: totalLength > 0,\n          from: \"0px \".concat(totalLength === -1 ? 1 : totalLength, \"px\"),\n          to: \"\".concat(totalLength, \"px 0px\"),\n          attributeName: \"strokeDasharray\",\n          begin: animationBegin,\n          duration: animationDuration,\n          isActive: isAnimationActive,\n          easing: animationEasing\n        }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", _extends({}, filterProps(_this2.props, true), {\n          className: layerClass,\n          d: getRectanglePath(currX, currY, currWidth, currHeight, radius),\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.node = node;\n          }\n        })));\n      });\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Rectangle;\n}(PureComponent);\nRectangle.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0,\n  // The radius of border\n  // The radius of four corners when radius is a number\n  // The radius of left-top, right-top, right-bottom, left-bottom when radius is an array\n  radius: 0,\n  isAnimationActive: false,\n  isUpdateAnimationActive: false,\n  animationBegin: 0,\n  animationDuration: 1500,\n  animationEasing: 'ease'\n};","export function shallowEqual(a, b) {\n  /* eslint-disable no-restricted-syntax */\n  for (var key in a) {\n    if ({}.hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && (!{}.hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) || a[key] !== b[key])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  for (var _key in b) {\n    if ({}.hasOwnProperty.call(b, _key) && !{}.hasOwnProperty.call(a, _key)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}","import _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport { Children } from 'react';\nimport { isFragment } from 'react-is';\nimport { isNumber } from './DataUtils';\nimport { shallowEqual } from './ShallowEqual';\nvar REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP = {\n  click: 'onClick',\n  mousedown: 'onMouseDown',\n  mouseup: 'onMouseUp',\n  mouseover: 'onMouseOver',\n  mousemove: 'onMouseMove',\n  mouseout: 'onMouseOut',\n  mouseenter: 'onMouseEnter',\n  mouseleave: 'onMouseLeave',\n  touchcancel: 'onTouchCancel',\n  touchend: 'onTouchEnd',\n  touchmove: 'onTouchMove',\n  touchstart: 'onTouchStart'\n};\nexport var SCALE_TYPES = ['auto', 'linear', 'pow', 'sqrt', 'log', 'identity', 'time', 'band', 'point', 'ordinal', 'quantile', 'quantize', 'utc', 'sequential', 'threshold'];\nexport var LEGEND_TYPES = ['plainline', 'line', 'square', 'rect', 'circle', 'cross', 'diamond', 'star', 'triangle', 'wye', 'none'];\nexport var TOOLTIP_TYPES = ['none'];\n/**\n * Get the display name of a component\n * @param  {Object} Comp Specified Component\n * @return {String}      Display name of Component\n */\n\nexport var getDisplayName = function getDisplayName(Comp) {\n  if (typeof Comp === 'string') {\n    return Comp;\n  }\n  if (!Comp) {\n    return '';\n  }\n  return Comp.displayName || Comp.name || 'Component';\n}; // `toArray` gets called multiple times during the render\n// so we can memoize last invocation (since reference to `children` is the same)\n\nvar lastChildren = null;\nvar lastResult = null;\nexport var toArray = function toArray(children) {\n  if (children === lastChildren && _isArray(lastResult)) {\n    return lastResult;\n  }\n  var result = [];\n  Children.forEach(children, function (child) {\n    if (_isNil(child)) return;\n    if (isFragment(child)) {\n      result = result.concat(toArray(child.props.children));\n    } else {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  });\n  lastResult = result;\n  lastChildren = children;\n  return result;\n};\n/*\n * Find and return all matched children by type. `type` can be a React element class or\n * string\n */\n\nexport var findAllByType = function findAllByType(children, type) {\n  var result = [];\n  var types = [];\n  if (_isArray(type)) {\n    types = type.map(function (t) {\n      return getDisplayName(t);\n    });\n  } else {\n    types = [getDisplayName(type)];\n  }\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child) {\n    var childType = _get(child, 'type.displayName') || _get(child, 'type.name');\n    if (types.indexOf(childType) !== -1) {\n      result.push(child);\n    }\n  });\n  return result;\n};\n/*\n * Return the first matched child by type, return null otherwise.\n * `type` can be a React element class or string.\n */\n\nexport var findChildByType = function findChildByType(children, type) {\n  var result = findAllByType(children, type);\n  return result && result[0];\n};\n/*\n * Create a new array of children excluding the ones matched the type\n */\n\nexport var withoutType = function withoutType(children, type) {\n  var newChildren = [];\n  var types;\n  if (_isArray(type)) {\n    types = type.map(function (t) {\n      return getDisplayName(t);\n    });\n  } else {\n    types = [getDisplayName(type)];\n  }\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child) {\n    var displayName = _get(child, 'type.displayName');\n    if (displayName && types.indexOf(displayName) !== -1) {\n      return;\n    }\n    newChildren.push(child);\n  });\n  return newChildren;\n};\n/**\n * validate the width and height props of a chart element\n * @param  {Object} el A chart element\n * @return {Boolean}   true If the props width and height are number, and greater than 0\n */\n\nexport var validateWidthHeight = function validateWidthHeight(el) {\n  if (!el || !el.props) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var _el$props = el.props,\n    width = _el$props.width,\n    height = _el$props.height;\n  if (!isNumber(width) || width <= 0 || !isNumber(height) || height <= 0) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nvar SVG_TAGS = ['a', 'altGlyph', 'altGlyphDef', 'altGlyphItem', 'animate', 'animateColor', 'animateMotion', 'animateTransform', 'circle', 'clipPath', 'color-profile', 'cursor', 'defs', 'desc', 'ellipse', 'feBlend', 'feColormatrix', 'feComponentTransfer', 'feComposite', 'feConvolveMatrix', 'feDiffuseLighting', 'feDisplacementMap', 'feDistantLight', 'feFlood', 'feFuncA', 'feFuncB', 'feFuncG', 'feFuncR', 'feGaussianBlur', 'feImage', 'feMerge', 'feMergeNode', 'feMorphology', 'feOffset', 'fePointLight', 'feSpecularLighting', 'feSpotLight', 'feTile', 'feTurbulence', 'filter', 'font', 'font-face', 'font-face-format', 'font-face-name', 'font-face-url', 'foreignObject', 'g', 'glyph', 'glyphRef', 'hkern', 'image', 'line', 'lineGradient', 'marker', 'mask', 'metadata', 'missing-glyph', 'mpath', 'path', 'pattern', 'polygon', 'polyline', 'radialGradient', 'rect', 'script', 'set', 'stop', 'style', 'svg', 'switch', 'symbol', 'text', 'textPath', 'title', 'tref', 'tspan', 'use', 'view', 'vkern'];\nvar isSvgElement = function isSvgElement(child) {\n  return child && child.type && _isString(child.type) && SVG_TAGS.indexOf(child.type) >= 0;\n};\n/**\n * Filter all the svg elements of children\n * @param  {Array} children The children of a react element\n * @return {Array}          All the svg elements\n */\n\nexport var filterSvgElements = function filterSvgElements(children) {\n  var svgElements = [];\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (entry) {\n    if (isSvgElement(entry)) {\n      svgElements.push(entry);\n    }\n  });\n  return svgElements;\n};\n/**\n * Wether props of children changed\n * @param  {Object} nextChildren The latest children\n * @param  {Object} prevChildren The prev children\n * @return {Boolean}             equal or not\n */\n\nexport var isChildrenEqual = function isChildrenEqual(nextChildren, prevChildren) {\n  if (nextChildren === prevChildren) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  var count = Children.count(nextChildren);\n  if (count !== Children.count(prevChildren)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (count === 0) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (count === 1) {\n    // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define,@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define\n    return isSingleChildEqual(_isArray(nextChildren) ? nextChildren[0] : nextChildren, _isArray(prevChildren) ? prevChildren[0] : prevChildren);\n  }\n  for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n    var nextChild = nextChildren[i];\n    var prevChild = prevChildren[i];\n    if (_isArray(nextChild) || _isArray(prevChild)) {\n      if (!isChildrenEqual(nextChild, prevChild)) {\n        return false;\n      } // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define,@typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define\n    } else if (!isSingleChildEqual(nextChild, prevChild)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nexport var isSingleChildEqual = function isSingleChildEqual(nextChild, prevChild) {\n  if (_isNil(nextChild) && _isNil(prevChild)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (!_isNil(nextChild) && !_isNil(prevChild)) {\n    var _ref = nextChild.props || {},\n      nextChildren = _ref.children,\n      nextProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"children\"]);\n    var _ref2 = prevChild.props || {},\n      prevChildren = _ref2.children,\n      prevProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref2, [\"children\"]);\n    if (nextChildren && prevChildren) {\n      // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define\n      return shallowEqual(nextProps, prevProps) && isChildrenEqual(nextChildren, prevChildren);\n    }\n    if (!nextChildren && !prevChildren) {\n      return shallowEqual(nextProps, prevProps);\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n  return false;\n};\nexport var renderByOrder = function renderByOrder(children, renderMap) {\n  var elements = [];\n  var record = {};\n  toArray(children).forEach(function (child, index) {\n    if (isSvgElement(child)) {\n      elements.push(child);\n    } else if (child) {\n      var displayName = getDisplayName(child.type);\n      var _ref3 = renderMap[displayName] || {},\n        handler = _ref3.handler,\n        once = _ref3.once;\n      if (handler && (!once || !record[displayName])) {\n        var results = handler(child, displayName, index);\n        elements.push(results);\n        record[displayName] = true;\n      }\n    }\n  });\n  return elements;\n};\nexport var getReactEventByType = function getReactEventByType(e) {\n  var type = e && e.type;\n  if (type && REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP[type]) {\n    return REACT_BROWSER_EVENT_MAP[type];\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var parseChildIndex = function parseChildIndex(child, children) {\n  return toArray(children).indexOf(child);\n};","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nimport { Global } from './Global';\nvar stringCache = {\n  widthCache: {},\n  cacheCount: 0\n};\nvar MAX_CACHE_NUM = 2000;\nvar SPAN_STYLE = {\n  position: 'absolute',\n  top: '-20000px',\n  left: 0,\n  padding: 0,\n  margin: 0,\n  border: 'none',\n  whiteSpace: 'pre'\n};\nvar STYLE_LIST = ['minWidth', 'maxWidth', 'width', 'minHeight', 'maxHeight', 'height', 'top', 'left', 'fontSize', 'lineHeight', 'padding', 'margin', 'paddingLeft', 'paddingRight', 'paddingTop', 'paddingBottom', 'marginLeft', 'marginRight', 'marginTop', 'marginBottom'];\nvar MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID = 'recharts_measurement_span';\nfunction autoCompleteStyle(name, value) {\n  if (STYLE_LIST.indexOf(name) >= 0 && value === +value) {\n    return \"\".concat(value, \"px\");\n  }\n  return value;\n}\nfunction camelToMiddleLine(text) {\n  var strs = text.split('');\n  var formatStrs = strs.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    if (entry === entry.toUpperCase()) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), ['-', entry.toLowerCase()]);\n    }\n    return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), [entry]);\n  }, []);\n  return formatStrs.join('');\n}\nexport var getStyleString = function getStyleString(style) {\n  return Object.keys(style).reduce(function (result, s) {\n    return \"\".concat(result).concat(camelToMiddleLine(s), \":\").concat(autoCompleteStyle(s, style[s]), \";\");\n  }, '');\n};\nexport var getStringSize = function getStringSize(text) {\n  var style = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {};\n  if (text === undefined || text === null || Global.isSsr) {\n    return {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n  var str = \"\".concat(text);\n  var styleString = getStyleString(style);\n  var cacheKey = \"\".concat(str, \"-\").concat(styleString);\n  if (stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey]) {\n    return stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey];\n  }\n  try {\n    var measurementSpan = document.getElementById(MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID);\n    if (!measurementSpan) {\n      measurementSpan = document.createElement('span');\n      measurementSpan.setAttribute('id', MEASUREMENT_SPAN_ID);\n      measurementSpan.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');\n      document.body.appendChild(measurementSpan);\n    } // Need to use CSS Object Model (CSSOM) to be able to comply with Content Security Policy (CSP)\n    // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy\n\n    var measurementSpanStyle = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, SPAN_STYLE), style);\n    Object.keys(measurementSpanStyle).map(function (styleKey) {\n      measurementSpan.style[styleKey] = measurementSpanStyle[styleKey];\n      return styleKey;\n    });\n    measurementSpan.textContent = str;\n    var rect = measurementSpan.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var result = {\n      width: rect.width,\n      height: rect.height\n    };\n    stringCache.widthCache[cacheKey] = result;\n    if (++stringCache.cacheCount > MAX_CACHE_NUM) {\n      stringCache.cacheCount = 0;\n      stringCache.widthCache = {};\n    }\n    return result;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return {\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n};\nexport var getOffset = function getOffset(el) {\n  var html = el.ownerDocument.documentElement;\n  var box = {\n    top: 0,\n    left: 0\n  }; // If we don't have gBCR, just use 0,0 rather than error\n  // BlackBerry 5, iOS 3 (original iPhone)\n\n  if (typeof el.getBoundingClientRect !== 'undefined') {\n    box = el.getBoundingClientRect();\n  }\n  return {\n    top: box.top + window.pageYOffset - html.clientTop,\n    left: box.left + window.pageXOffset - html.clientLeft\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Calculate coordinate of cursor in chart\n * @param  {Object} event  Event object\n * @param  {Object} offset The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @return {Object}        {chartX, chartY}\n */\n\nexport var calculateChartCoordinate = function calculateChartCoordinate(event, offset) {\n  return {\n    chartX: Math.round(event.pageX - offset.left),\n    chartY: Math.round(event.pageY - offset.top)\n  };\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport React, { Component } from 'react';\nimport reduceCSSCalc from 'reduce-css-calc';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { isNumber, isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nimport { getStringSize } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nvar BREAKING_SPACES = /[ \\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\u2028\\u2029]+/;\nvar calculateWordWidths = function calculateWordWidths(props) {\n  try {\n    var words = [];\n    if (!_isNil(props.children)) {\n      if (props.breakAll) {\n        words = props.children.toString().split('');\n      } else {\n        words = props.children.toString().split(BREAKING_SPACES);\n      }\n    }\n    var wordsWithComputedWidth = words.map(function (word) {\n      return {\n        word: word,\n        width: getStringSize(word, props.style).width\n      };\n    });\n    var spaceWidth = props.breakAll ? 0 : getStringSize(\"\\xA0\", props.style).width;\n    return {\n      wordsWithComputedWidth: wordsWithComputedWidth,\n      spaceWidth: spaceWidth\n    };\n  } catch (e) {\n    return null;\n  }\n};\nvar calculateWordsByLines = function calculateWordsByLines(props, initialWordsWithComputedWith, spaceWidth, lineWidth, scaleToFit) {\n  var shouldLimitLines = isNumber(props.maxLines);\n  var text = props.children;\n  var calculate = function calculate() {\n    var words = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : [];\n    return words.reduce(function (result, _ref) {\n      var word = _ref.word,\n        width = _ref.width;\n      var currentLine = result[result.length - 1];\n      if (currentLine && (lineWidth == null || scaleToFit || currentLine.width + width + spaceWidth < lineWidth)) {\n        // Word can be added to an existing line\n        currentLine.words.push(word);\n        currentLine.width += width + spaceWidth;\n      } else {\n        // Add first word to line or word is too long to scaleToFit on existing line\n        var newLine = {\n          words: [word],\n          width: width\n        };\n        result.push(newLine);\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, []);\n  };\n  var originalResult = calculate(initialWordsWithComputedWith);\n  var findLongestLine = function findLongestLine(words) {\n    return words.reduce(function (a, b) {\n      return a.width > b.width ? a : b;\n    });\n  };\n  if (!shouldLimitLines) {\n    return originalResult;\n  }\n  var suffix = '…';\n  var checkOverflow = function checkOverflow(index) {\n    var tempText = text.slice(0, index);\n    var words = calculateWordWidths(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n      children: tempText + suffix\n    })).wordsWithComputedWidth;\n    var result = calculate(words);\n    var doesOverflow = result.length > props.maxLines || findLongestLine(result).width > lineWidth;\n    return [doesOverflow, result];\n  };\n  var start = 0;\n  var end = text.length - 1;\n  var iterations = 0;\n  var trimmedResult;\n  while (start <= end && iterations <= text.length - 1) {\n    var middle = Math.floor((start + end) / 2);\n    var prev = middle - 1;\n    var _checkOverflow = checkOverflow(prev),\n      _checkOverflow2 = _slicedToArray(_checkOverflow, 2),\n      doesPrevOverflow = _checkOverflow2[0],\n      result = _checkOverflow2[1];\n    var _checkOverflow3 = checkOverflow(middle),\n      _checkOverflow4 = _slicedToArray(_checkOverflow3, 1),\n      doesMiddleOverflow = _checkOverflow4[0];\n    if (!doesPrevOverflow && !doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      start = middle + 1;\n    }\n    if (doesPrevOverflow && doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      end = middle - 1;\n    }\n    if (!doesPrevOverflow && doesMiddleOverflow) {\n      trimmedResult = result;\n      break;\n    }\n    iterations++;\n  } // Fallback to originalResult (result without trimming) if we cannot find the\n  // where to trim.  This should not happen :tm:\n\n  return trimmedResult || originalResult;\n};\nvar getWordsWithoutCalculate = function getWordsWithoutCalculate(children) {\n  var words = !_isNil(children) ? children.toString().split(BREAKING_SPACES) : [];\n  return [{\n    words: words\n  }];\n};\nvar getWordsByLines = function getWordsByLines(props, needCalculate) {\n  // Only perform calculations if using features that require them (multiline, scaleToFit)\n  if ((props.width || props.scaleToFit) && !Global.isSsr) {\n    var wordsWithComputedWidth, spaceWidth;\n    if (needCalculate) {\n      var wordWidths = calculateWordWidths(props);\n      if (wordWidths) {\n        var wcw = wordWidths.wordsWithComputedWidth,\n          sw = wordWidths.spaceWidth;\n        wordsWithComputedWidth = wcw;\n        spaceWidth = sw;\n      } else {\n        return getWordsWithoutCalculate(props.children);\n      }\n      return calculateWordsByLines(props, wordsWithComputedWidth, spaceWidth, props.width, props.scaleToFit);\n    }\n  }\n  return getWordsWithoutCalculate(props.children);\n};\nexport var Text = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(Text, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Text);\n  function Text() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Text);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {};\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Text, [{\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        dx = _this$props.dx,\n        dy = _this$props.dy,\n        textAnchor = _this$props.textAnchor,\n        verticalAnchor = _this$props.verticalAnchor,\n        scaleToFit = _this$props.scaleToFit,\n        angle = _this$props.angle,\n        lineHeight = _this$props.lineHeight,\n        capHeight = _this$props.capHeight,\n        className = _this$props.className,\n        breakAll = _this$props.breakAll,\n        textProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props, [\"dx\", \"dy\", \"textAnchor\", \"verticalAnchor\", \"scaleToFit\", \"angle\", \"lineHeight\", \"capHeight\", \"className\", \"breakAll\"]);\n      var wordsByLines = this.state.wordsByLines;\n      if (!isNumOrStr(textProps.x) || !isNumOrStr(textProps.y)) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var x = textProps.x + (isNumber(dx) ? dx : 0);\n      var y = textProps.y + (isNumber(dy) ? dy : 0);\n      var startDy;\n      switch (verticalAnchor) {\n        case 'start':\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat(capHeight, \")\"));\n          break;\n        case 'middle':\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat((wordsByLines.length - 1) / 2, \" * -\").concat(lineHeight, \" + (\").concat(capHeight, \" / 2))\"));\n          break;\n        default:\n          startDy = reduceCSSCalc(\"calc(\".concat(wordsByLines.length - 1, \" * -\").concat(lineHeight, \")\"));\n          break;\n      }\n      var transforms = [];\n      if (scaleToFit) {\n        var lineWidth = wordsByLines[0].width;\n        var width = this.props.width;\n        transforms.push(\"scale(\".concat((isNumber(width) ? width / lineWidth : 1) / lineWidth, \")\"));\n      }\n      if (angle) {\n        transforms.push(\"rotate(\".concat(angle, \", \").concat(x, \", \").concat(y, \")\"));\n      }\n      if (transforms.length) {\n        textProps.transform = transforms.join(' ');\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"text\", _extends({}, filterProps(textProps, true), {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        className: classNames('recharts-text', className),\n        textAnchor: textAnchor\n      }), wordsByLines.map(function (line, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n          React.createElement(\"tspan\", {\n            x: x,\n            dy: index === 0 ? startDy : lineHeight,\n            key: index\n          }, line.words.join(breakAll ? '' : ' '))\n        );\n      }));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      if (nextProps.width !== prevState.prevWidth || nextProps.scaleToFit !== prevState.prevScaleToFit || nextProps.children !== prevState.prevChildren || nextProps.style !== prevState.prevStyle || nextProps.breakAll !== prevState.prevBreakAll) {\n        var needCalculate = nextProps.children !== prevState.prevChildren || nextProps.style !== prevState.prevStyle || nextProps.breakAll !== prevState.prevBreakAll;\n        return {\n          prevWidth: nextProps.width,\n          prevScaleToFit: nextProps.scaleToFit,\n          prevChildren: nextProps.children,\n          prevStyle: nextProps.style,\n          wordsByLines: getWordsByLines(nextProps, needCalculate)\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Text;\n}(Component);\nText.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  lineHeight: '1em',\n  capHeight: '0.71em',\n  // Magic number from d3\n  scaleToFit: false,\n  textAnchor: 'start',\n  verticalAnchor: 'end' // Maintain compat with existing charts / default SVG behavior\n};","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nimport React, { cloneElement, isValidElement, createElement } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Text } from './Text';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { isNumOrStr, isNumber, isPercent, getPercentValue, uniqueId, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { polarToCartesian } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getLabel = function getLabel(props) {\n  var value = props.value,\n    formatter = props.formatter;\n  var label = _isNil(props.children) ? value : props.children;\n  if (_isFunction(formatter)) {\n    return formatter(label);\n  }\n  return label;\n};\nvar getDeltaAngle = function getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle) {\n  var sign = mathSign(endAngle - startAngle);\n  var deltaAngle = Math.min(Math.abs(endAngle - startAngle), 360);\n  return sign * deltaAngle;\n};\nvar renderRadialLabel = function renderRadialLabel(labelProps, label, attrs) {\n  var position = labelProps.position,\n    viewBox = labelProps.viewBox,\n    offset = labelProps.offset,\n    className = labelProps.className;\n  var _ref = viewBox,\n    cx = _ref.cx,\n    cy = _ref.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref.endAngle,\n    clockWise = _ref.clockWise;\n  var radius = (innerRadius + outerRadius) / 2;\n  var deltaAngle = getDeltaAngle(startAngle, endAngle);\n  var sign = deltaAngle >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var labelAngle, direction;\n  if (position === 'insideStart') {\n    labelAngle = startAngle + sign * offset;\n    direction = clockWise;\n  } else if (position === 'insideEnd') {\n    labelAngle = endAngle - sign * offset;\n    direction = !clockWise;\n  } else if (position === 'end') {\n    labelAngle = endAngle + sign * offset;\n    direction = clockWise;\n  }\n  direction = deltaAngle <= 0 ? direction : !direction;\n  var startPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, labelAngle);\n  var endPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, radius, labelAngle + (direction ? 1 : -1) * 359);\n  var path = \"M\".concat(startPoint.x, \",\").concat(startPoint.y, \"\\n    A\").concat(radius, \",\").concat(radius, \",0,1,\").concat(direction ? 0 : 1, \",\\n    \").concat(endPoint.x, \",\").concat(endPoint.y);\n  var id = _isNil(labelProps.id) ? uniqueId('recharts-radial-line-') : labelProps.id;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"text\", _extends({}, attrs, {\n    dominantBaseline: \"central\",\n    className: classNames('recharts-radial-bar-label', className)\n  }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"path\", {\n    id: id,\n    d: path\n  })), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"textPath\", {\n    xlinkHref: \"#\".concat(id)\n  }, label));\n};\nvar getAttrsOfPolarLabel = function getAttrsOfPolarLabel(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    offset = props.offset,\n    position = props.position;\n  var _ref2 = viewBox,\n    cx = _ref2.cx,\n    cy = _ref2.cy,\n    innerRadius = _ref2.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = _ref2.outerRadius,\n    startAngle = _ref2.startAngle,\n    endAngle = _ref2.endAngle;\n  var midAngle = (startAngle + endAngle) / 2;\n  if (position === 'outside') {\n    var _polarToCartesian = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius + offset, midAngle),\n      _x = _polarToCartesian.x,\n      _y = _polarToCartesian.y;\n    return {\n      x: _x,\n      y: _y,\n      textAnchor: _x >= cx ? 'start' : 'end',\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'center') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'centerTop') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'start'\n    };\n  }\n  if (position === 'centerBottom') {\n    return {\n      x: cx,\n      y: cy,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: 'end'\n    };\n  }\n  var r = (innerRadius + outerRadius) / 2;\n  var _polarToCartesian2 = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, r, midAngle),\n    x = _polarToCartesian2.x,\n    y = _polarToCartesian2.y;\n  return {\n    x: x,\n    y: y,\n    textAnchor: 'middle',\n    verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n  };\n};\nvar getAttrsOfCartesianLabel = function getAttrsOfCartesianLabel(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    parentViewBox = props.parentViewBox,\n    offset = props.offset,\n    position = props.position;\n  var _ref3 = viewBox,\n    x = _ref3.x,\n    y = _ref3.y,\n    width = _ref3.width,\n    height = _ref3.height; // Define vertical offsets and position inverts based on the value being positive or negative\n\n  var verticalSign = height >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var verticalOffset = verticalSign * offset;\n  var verticalEnd = verticalSign > 0 ? 'end' : 'start';\n  var verticalStart = verticalSign > 0 ? 'start' : 'end'; // Define horizontal offsets and position inverts based on the value being positive or negative\n\n  var horizontalSign = width >= 0 ? 1 : -1;\n  var horizontalOffset = horizontalSign * offset;\n  var horizontalEnd = horizontalSign > 0 ? 'end' : 'start';\n  var horizontalStart = horizontalSign > 0 ? 'start' : 'end';\n  if (position === 'top') {\n    var attrs = {\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y - verticalSign * offset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, attrs), parentViewBox ? {\n      height: Math.max(y - parentViewBox.y, 0),\n      width: width\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'bottom') {\n    var _attrs = {\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + height + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs), parentViewBox ? {\n      height: Math.max(parentViewBox.y + parentViewBox.height - (y + height), 0),\n      width: width\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'left') {\n    var _attrs2 = {\n      x: x - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs2), parentViewBox ? {\n      width: Math.max(_attrs2.x - parentViewBox.x, 0),\n      height: height\n    } : {});\n  }\n  if (position === 'right') {\n    var _attrs3 = {\n      x: x + width + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    };\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _attrs3), parentViewBox ? {\n      width: Math.max(parentViewBox.x + parentViewBox.width - _attrs3.x, 0),\n      height: height\n    } : {});\n  }\n  var sizeAttrs = parentViewBox ? {\n    width: width,\n    height: height\n  } : {};\n  if (position === 'insideLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height / 2,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTop') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottom') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width / 2,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: 'middle',\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTopLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideTopRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalStart\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottomLeft') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalStart,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (position === 'insideBottomRight') {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + width - horizontalOffset,\n      y: y + height - verticalOffset,\n      textAnchor: horizontalEnd,\n      verticalAnchor: verticalEnd\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  if (_isObject(position) && (isNumber(position.x) || isPercent(position.x)) && (isNumber(position.y) || isPercent(position.y))) {\n    return _objectSpread({\n      x: x + getPercentValue(position.x, width),\n      y: y + getPercentValue(position.y, height),\n      textAnchor: 'end',\n      verticalAnchor: 'end'\n    }, sizeAttrs);\n  }\n  return _objectSpread({\n    x: x + width / 2,\n    y: y + height / 2,\n    textAnchor: 'middle',\n    verticalAnchor: 'middle'\n  }, sizeAttrs);\n};\nvar isPolar = function isPolar(viewBox) {\n  return isNumber(viewBox.cx);\n};\nexport function Label(props) {\n  var viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    position = props.position,\n    value = props.value,\n    children = props.children,\n    content = props.content,\n    _props$className = props.className,\n    className = _props$className === void 0 ? '' : _props$className,\n    textBreakAll = props.textBreakAll;\n  if (!viewBox || _isNil(value) && _isNil(children) && ! /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(content) && !_isFunction(content)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(content)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(content, props);\n  }\n  var label;\n  if (_isFunction(content)) {\n    label = /*#__PURE__*/createElement(content, props);\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(label)) {\n      return label;\n    }\n  } else {\n    label = getLabel(props);\n  }\n  var isPolarLabel = isPolar(viewBox);\n  var attrs = filterProps(props, true);\n  if (isPolarLabel && (position === 'insideStart' || position === 'insideEnd' || position === 'end')) {\n    return renderRadialLabel(props, label, attrs);\n  }\n  var positionAttrs = isPolarLabel ? getAttrsOfPolarLabel(props) : getAttrsOfCartesianLabel(props);\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n    className: classNames('recharts-label', className)\n  }, attrs, positionAttrs, {\n    breakAll: textBreakAll\n  }), label);\n}\nLabel.displayName = 'Label';\nLabel.defaultProps = {\n  offset: 5\n};\nvar parseViewBox = function parseViewBox(props) {\n  var cx = props.cx,\n    cy = props.cy,\n    angle = props.angle,\n    startAngle = props.startAngle,\n    endAngle = props.endAngle,\n    r = props.r,\n    radius = props.radius,\n    innerRadius = props.innerRadius,\n    outerRadius = props.outerRadius,\n    x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    top = props.top,\n    left = props.left,\n    width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    clockWise = props.clockWise,\n    labelViewBox = props.labelViewBox;\n  if (labelViewBox) {\n    return labelViewBox;\n  }\n  if (isNumber(width) && isNumber(height)) {\n    if (isNumber(x) && isNumber(y)) {\n      return {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      };\n    }\n    if (isNumber(top) && isNumber(left)) {\n      return {\n        x: top,\n        y: left,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      };\n    }\n  }\n  if (isNumber(x) && isNumber(y)) {\n    return {\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      width: 0,\n      height: 0\n    };\n  }\n  if (isNumber(cx) && isNumber(cy)) {\n    return {\n      cx: cx,\n      cy: cy,\n      startAngle: startAngle || angle || 0,\n      endAngle: endAngle || angle || 0,\n      innerRadius: innerRadius || 0,\n      outerRadius: outerRadius || radius || r || 0,\n      clockWise: clockWise\n    };\n  }\n  if (props.viewBox) {\n    return props.viewBox;\n  }\n  return {};\n};\nvar parseLabel = function parseLabel(label, viewBox) {\n  if (!label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (label === true) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (isNumOrStr(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      viewBox: viewBox,\n      value: label\n    });\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(label)) {\n    if (label.type === Label) {\n      return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(label, {\n        key: 'label-implicit',\n        viewBox: viewBox\n      });\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      content: label,\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\",\n      content: label,\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isObject(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, _extends({\n      viewBox: viewBox\n    }, label, {\n      key: \"label-implicit\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nvar renderCallByParent = function renderCallByParent(parentProps, viewBox) {\n  var checkPropsLabel = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  if (!parentProps || !parentProps.children && checkPropsLabel && !parentProps.label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var children = parentProps.children;\n  var parentViewBox = parseViewBox(parentProps);\n  var explicitChildren = findAllByType(children, Label.displayName).map(function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(child, {\n      viewBox: viewBox || parentViewBox,\n      key: \"label-\".concat(index)\n    });\n  });\n  if (!checkPropsLabel) {\n    return explicitChildren;\n  }\n  var implicitLabel = parseLabel(parentProps.label, viewBox || parentViewBox);\n  return [implicitLabel].concat(_toConsumableArray(explicitChildren));\n};\nLabel.parseViewBox = parseViewBox;\nLabel.renderCallByParent = renderCallByParent;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Cartesian Axis\n */\nimport React, { Component } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { shallowEqual } from '../util/ShallowEqual';\nimport { getStringSize } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Text } from '../component/Text';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { isNumber, mathSign } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nexport var CartesianAxis = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n  _inherits(CartesianAxis, _Component);\n  var _super = _createSuper(CartesianAxis);\n  function CartesianAxis(props) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, CartesianAxis);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props);\n    _this.layerReference = void 0;\n    _this.state = {\n      fontSize: '',\n      letterSpacing: ''\n    };\n    return _this;\n  } // todo Array<Tick>\n\n  _createClass(CartesianAxis, [{\n    key: \"shouldComponentUpdate\",\n    value: function shouldComponentUpdate(_ref, nextState) {\n      var viewBox = _ref.viewBox,\n        restProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_ref, [\"viewBox\"]);\n\n      // props.viewBox is sometimes generated every time -\n      // check that specially as object equality is likely to fail\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        viewBoxOld = _this$props.viewBox,\n        restPropsOld = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props, [\"viewBox\"]);\n      return !shallowEqual(viewBox, viewBoxOld) || !shallowEqual(restProps, restPropsOld) || !shallowEqual(nextState, this.state);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"componentDidMount\",\n    value: function componentDidMount() {\n      var htmlLayer = this.layerReference;\n      if (!htmlLayer) return;\n      var tick = htmlLayer.getElementsByClassName('recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-value')[0];\n      if (tick) {\n        this.setState({\n          fontSize: window.getComputedStyle(tick).fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: window.getComputedStyle(tick).letterSpacing\n        });\n      }\n    }\n    /**\n     * Calculate the coordinates of endpoints in ticks\n     * @param  {Object} data The data of a simple tick\n     * @return {Object} (x1, y1): The coordinate of endpoint close to tick text\n     *  (x2, y2): The coordinate of endpoint close to axis\n     */\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickLineCoord\",\n    value: function getTickLineCoord(data) {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props2.x,\n        y = _this$props2.y,\n        width = _this$props2.width,\n        height = _this$props2.height,\n        orientation = _this$props2.orientation,\n        tickSize = _this$props2.tickSize,\n        mirror = _this$props2.mirror,\n        tickMargin = _this$props2.tickMargin;\n      var x1, x2, y1, y2, tx, ty;\n      var sign = mirror ? -1 : 1;\n      var finalTickSize = data.tickSize || tickSize;\n      var tickCoord = isNumber(data.tickCoord) ? data.tickCoord : data.coordinate;\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'top':\n          x1 = x2 = data.coordinate;\n          y2 = y + +!mirror * height;\n          y1 = y2 - sign * finalTickSize;\n          ty = y1 - sign * tickMargin;\n          tx = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        case 'left':\n          y1 = y2 = data.coordinate;\n          x2 = x + +!mirror * width;\n          x1 = x2 - sign * finalTickSize;\n          tx = x1 - sign * tickMargin;\n          ty = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        case 'right':\n          y1 = y2 = data.coordinate;\n          x2 = x + +mirror * width;\n          x1 = x2 + sign * finalTickSize;\n          tx = x1 + sign * tickMargin;\n          ty = tickCoord;\n          break;\n        default:\n          x1 = x2 = data.coordinate;\n          y2 = y + +mirror * height;\n          y1 = y2 + sign * finalTickSize;\n          ty = y1 + sign * tickMargin;\n          tx = tickCoord;\n          break;\n      }\n      return {\n        line: {\n          x1: x1,\n          y1: y1,\n          x2: x2,\n          y2: y2\n        },\n        tick: {\n          x: tx,\n          y: ty\n        }\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickTextAnchor\",\n    value: function getTickTextAnchor() {\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        orientation = _this$props3.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props3.mirror;\n      var textAnchor;\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'left':\n          textAnchor = mirror ? 'start' : 'end';\n          break;\n        case 'right':\n          textAnchor = mirror ? 'end' : 'start';\n          break;\n        default:\n          textAnchor = 'middle';\n          break;\n      }\n      return textAnchor;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTickVerticalAnchor\",\n    value: function getTickVerticalAnchor() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        orientation = _this$props4.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props4.mirror;\n      var verticalAnchor = 'end';\n      switch (orientation) {\n        case 'left':\n        case 'right':\n          verticalAnchor = 'middle';\n          break;\n        case 'top':\n          verticalAnchor = mirror ? 'start' : 'end';\n          break;\n        default:\n          verticalAnchor = mirror ? 'end' : 'start';\n          break;\n      }\n      return verticalAnchor;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderAxisLine\",\n    value: function renderAxisLine() {\n      var _this$props5 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props5.x,\n        y = _this$props5.y,\n        width = _this$props5.width,\n        height = _this$props5.height,\n        orientation = _this$props5.orientation,\n        mirror = _this$props5.mirror,\n        axisLine = _this$props5.axisLine;\n      var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(this.props)), filterProps(axisLine)), {}, {\n        fill: 'none'\n      });\n      if (orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom') {\n        var needHeight = +(orientation === 'top' && !mirror || orientation === 'bottom' && mirror);\n        props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n          x1: x,\n          y1: y + needHeight * height,\n          x2: x + width,\n          y2: y + needHeight * height\n        });\n      } else {\n        var needWidth = +(orientation === 'left' && !mirror || orientation === 'right' && mirror);\n        props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, props), {}, {\n          x1: x + needWidth * width,\n          y1: y,\n          x2: x + needWidth * width,\n          y2: y + height\n        });\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, props, {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis-line', _get(axisLine, 'className'))\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTicks\",\n    value:\n    /**\n     * render the ticks\n     * @param {Array} ticks The ticks to actually render (overrides what was passed in props)\n     * @param {string} fontSize Fontsize to consider for tick spacing\n     * @param {string} letterSpacing Letterspacing to consider for tick spacing\n     * @return {ReactComponent} renderedTicks\n     */\n    function renderTicks(ticks, fontSize, letterSpacing) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var _this$props6 = this.props,\n        tickLine = _this$props6.tickLine,\n        stroke = _this$props6.stroke,\n        tick = _this$props6.tick,\n        tickFormatter = _this$props6.tickFormatter,\n        unit = _this$props6.unit;\n      var finalTicks = CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, this.props), {}, {\n        ticks: ticks\n      }), fontSize, letterSpacing);\n      var textAnchor = this.getTickTextAnchor();\n      var verticalAnchor = this.getTickVerticalAnchor();\n      var axisProps = filterProps(this.props);\n      var customTickProps = filterProps(tick);\n      var tickLineProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisProps), {}, {\n        fill: 'none'\n      }, filterProps(tickLine));\n      var items = finalTicks.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var _this2$getTickLineCoo = _this2.getTickLineCoord(entry),\n          lineCoord = _this2$getTickLineCoo.line,\n          tickCoord = _this2$getTickLineCoo.tick;\n        var tickProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          textAnchor: textAnchor,\n          verticalAnchor: verticalAnchor\n        }, axisProps), {}, {\n          stroke: 'none',\n          fill: stroke\n        }, customTickProps), tickCoord), {}, {\n          index: i,\n          payload: entry,\n          visibleTicksCount: finalTicks.length,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n          className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-tick\",\n          key: \"tick-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this2.props, entry, i)), tickLine && /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, tickLineProps, lineCoord, {\n          className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-line', _get(tickLine, 'className'))\n        })), tick && CartesianAxis.renderTickItem(tick, tickProps, \"\".concat(_isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, i) : entry.value).concat(unit || '')));\n      });\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"g\", {\n        className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-ticks\"\n      }, items);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var _this$props7 = this.props,\n        axisLine = _this$props7.axisLine,\n        width = _this$props7.width,\n        height = _this$props7.height,\n        ticksGenerator = _this$props7.ticksGenerator,\n        className = _this$props7.className,\n        hide = _this$props7.hide;\n      if (hide) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var _this$props8 = this.props,\n        ticks = _this$props8.ticks,\n        noTicksProps = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props8, [\"ticks\"]);\n      var finalTicks = ticks;\n      if (_isFunction(ticksGenerator)) {\n        finalTicks = ticks && ticks.length > 0 ? ticksGenerator(this.props) : ticksGenerator(noTicksProps);\n      }\n      if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || !finalTicks || !finalTicks.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: classNames('recharts-cartesian-axis', className),\n        ref: function ref(_ref2) {\n          _this3.layerReference = _ref2;\n        }\n      }, axisLine && this.renderAxisLine(), this.renderTicks(finalTicks, this.state.fontSize, this.state.letterSpacing), Label.renderCallByParent(this.props));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getTicks\",\n    value: function getTicks(props, fontSize, letterSpacing) {\n      var tick = props.tick,\n        ticks = props.ticks,\n        viewBox = props.viewBox,\n        minTickGap = props.minTickGap,\n        orientation = props.orientation,\n        interval = props.interval,\n        tickFormatter = props.tickFormatter,\n        unit = props.unit;\n      if (!ticks || !ticks.length || !tick) {\n        return [];\n      }\n      if (isNumber(interval) || Global.isSsr) {\n        return CartesianAxis.getNumberIntervalTicks(ticks, typeof interval === 'number' && isNumber(interval) ? interval : 0);\n      }\n      if (interval === 'preserveStartEnd') {\n        return CartesianAxis.getTicksStart({\n          ticks: ticks,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          orientation: orientation,\n          minTickGap: minTickGap,\n          unit: unit,\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        }, true);\n      }\n      if (interval === 'preserveStart') {\n        return CartesianAxis.getTicksStart({\n          ticks: ticks,\n          tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n          viewBox: viewBox,\n          orientation: orientation,\n          minTickGap: minTickGap,\n          unit: unit,\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        });\n      }\n      return CartesianAxis.getTicksEnd({\n        ticks: ticks,\n        tickFormatter: tickFormatter,\n        viewBox: viewBox,\n        orientation: orientation,\n        minTickGap: minTickGap,\n        unit: unit,\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getNumberIntervalTicks\",\n    value: function getNumberIntervalTicks(ticks, interval) {\n      return ticks.filter(function (entry, i) {\n        return i % (interval + 1) === 0;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTicksStart\",\n    value: function getTicksStart(_ref3, preserveEnd) {\n      var ticks = _ref3.ticks,\n        tickFormatter = _ref3.tickFormatter,\n        viewBox = _ref3.viewBox,\n        orientation = _ref3.orientation,\n        minTickGap = _ref3.minTickGap,\n        unit = _ref3.unit,\n        fontSize = _ref3.fontSize,\n        letterSpacing = _ref3.letterSpacing;\n      var x = viewBox.x,\n        y = viewBox.y,\n        width = viewBox.width,\n        height = viewBox.height;\n      var sizeKey = orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom' ? 'width' : 'height';\n      var result = (ticks || []).slice(); // we need add the width of 'unit' only when sizeKey === 'width'\n\n      var unitSize = unit && sizeKey === 'width' ? getStringSize(unit, {\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      })[sizeKey] : 0;\n      var len = result.length;\n      var sign = len >= 2 ? mathSign(result[1].coordinate - result[0].coordinate) : 1;\n      var start, end;\n      if (sign === 1) {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n      } else {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n      }\n      if (preserveEnd) {\n        // Try to guarantee the tail to be displayed\n        var tail = ticks[len - 1];\n        var tailContent = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(tail.value, len - 1) : tail.value;\n        var tailSize = getStringSize(tailContent, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        var tailGap = sign * (tail.coordinate + sign * tailSize / 2 - end);\n        result[len - 1] = tail = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, tail), {}, {\n          tickCoord: tailGap > 0 ? tail.coordinate - tailGap * sign : tail.coordinate\n        });\n        var isTailShow = sign * (tail.tickCoord - sign * tailSize / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (tail.tickCoord + sign * tailSize / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isTailShow) {\n          end = tail.tickCoord - sign * (tailSize / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[len - 1] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, tail), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      var count = preserveEnd ? len - 1 : len;\n      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n        var entry = result[i];\n        var content = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, i) : entry.value;\n        var size = getStringSize(content, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        if (i === 0) {\n          var gap = sign * (entry.coordinate - sign * size / 2 - start);\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: gap < 0 ? entry.coordinate - gap * sign : entry.coordinate\n          });\n        } else {\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: entry.coordinate\n          });\n        }\n        var isShow = sign * (entry.tickCoord - sign * size / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (entry.tickCoord + sign * size / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isShow) {\n          start = entry.tickCoord + sign * (size / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[i] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      return result.filter(function (entry) {\n        return entry.isShow;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTicksEnd\",\n    value: function getTicksEnd(_ref4) {\n      var ticks = _ref4.ticks,\n        tickFormatter = _ref4.tickFormatter,\n        viewBox = _ref4.viewBox,\n        orientation = _ref4.orientation,\n        minTickGap = _ref4.minTickGap,\n        unit = _ref4.unit,\n        fontSize = _ref4.fontSize,\n        letterSpacing = _ref4.letterSpacing;\n      var x = viewBox.x,\n        y = viewBox.y,\n        width = viewBox.width,\n        height = viewBox.height;\n      var sizeKey = orientation === 'top' || orientation === 'bottom' ? 'width' : 'height'; // we need add the width of 'unit' only when sizeKey === 'width'\n\n      var unitSize = unit && sizeKey === 'width' ? getStringSize(unit, {\n        fontSize: fontSize,\n        letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n      })[sizeKey] : 0;\n      var result = (ticks || []).slice();\n      var len = result.length;\n      var sign = len >= 2 ? mathSign(result[1].coordinate - result[0].coordinate) : 1;\n      var start, end;\n      if (sign === 1) {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n      } else {\n        start = sizeKey === 'width' ? x + width : y + height;\n        end = sizeKey === 'width' ? x : y;\n      }\n      for (var i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        var entry = result[i];\n        var content = _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(entry.value, len - i - 1) : entry.value;\n        var size = getStringSize(content, {\n          fontSize: fontSize,\n          letterSpacing: letterSpacing\n        })[sizeKey] + unitSize;\n        if (i === len - 1) {\n          var gap = sign * (entry.coordinate + sign * size / 2 - end);\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: gap > 0 ? entry.coordinate - gap * sign : entry.coordinate\n          });\n        } else {\n          result[i] = entry = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            tickCoord: entry.coordinate\n          });\n        }\n        var isShow = sign * (entry.tickCoord - sign * size / 2 - start) >= 0 && sign * (entry.tickCoord + sign * size / 2 - end) <= 0;\n        if (isShow) {\n          end = entry.tickCoord - sign * (size / 2 + minTickGap);\n          result[i] = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            isShow: true\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      return result.filter(function (entry) {\n        return entry.isShow;\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTickItem\",\n    value: function renderTickItem(option, props, value) {\n      var tickItem;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        tickItem = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        tickItem = option(props);\n      } else {\n        tickItem = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({}, props, {\n          className: \"recharts-cartesian-axis-tick-value\"\n        }), value);\n      }\n      return tickItem;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return CartesianAxis;\n}(Component);\nCartesianAxis.displayName = 'CartesianAxis';\nCartesianAxis.defaultProps = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0,\n  width: 0,\n  height: 0,\n  viewBox: {\n    x: 0,\n    y: 0,\n    width: 0,\n    height: 0\n  },\n  // The orientation of axis\n  orientation: 'bottom',\n  // The ticks\n  ticks: [],\n  stroke: '#666',\n  tickLine: true,\n  axisLine: true,\n  tick: true,\n  mirror: false,\n  minTickGap: 5,\n  // The width or height of tick\n  tickSize: 6,\n  tickMargin: 2,\n  interval: 'preserveEnd'\n};","export default function (start, stop, step) {\n  start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step;\n  var i = -1,\n    n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0,\n    range = new Array(n);\n  while (++i < n) {\n    range[i] = start + i * step;\n  }\n  return range;\n}","export function initRange(domain, range) {\n  switch (arguments.length) {\n    case 0:\n      break;\n    case 1:\n      this.range(domain);\n      break;\n    default:\n      this.range(range).domain(domain);\n      break;\n  }\n  return this;\n}\nexport function initInterpolator(domain, interpolator) {\n  switch (arguments.length) {\n    case 0:\n      break;\n    case 1:\n      {\n        if (typeof domain === \"function\") this.interpolator(domain);else this.range(domain);\n        break;\n      }\n    default:\n      {\n        this.domain(domain);\n        if (typeof interpolator === \"function\") this.interpolator(interpolator);else this.range(interpolator);\n        break;\n      }\n  }\n  return this;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport var implicit = Symbol(\"implicit\");\nexport default function ordinal() {\n  var index = new Map(),\n    domain = [],\n    range = [],\n    unknown = implicit;\n  function scale(d) {\n    var key = d + \"\",\n      i = index.get(key);\n    if (!i) {\n      if (unknown !== implicit) return unknown;\n      index.set(key, i = domain.push(d));\n    }\n    return range[(i - 1) % range.length];\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [], index = new Map();\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        var key = value + \"\";\n        if (index.has(key)) continue;\n        index.set(key, domain.push(value));\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    return scale;\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return ordinal(domain, range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { range as sequence } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport ordinal from \"./ordinal.js\";\nexport default function band() {\n  var scale = ordinal().unknown(undefined),\n    domain = scale.domain,\n    ordinalRange = scale.range,\n    r0 = 0,\n    r1 = 1,\n    step,\n    bandwidth,\n    round = false,\n    paddingInner = 0,\n    paddingOuter = 0,\n    align = 0.5;\n  delete scale.unknown;\n  function rescale() {\n    var n = domain().length,\n      reverse = r1 < r0,\n      start = reverse ? r1 : r0,\n      stop = reverse ? r0 : r1;\n    step = (stop - start) / Math.max(1, n - paddingInner + paddingOuter * 2);\n    if (round) step = Math.floor(step);\n    start += (stop - start - step * (n - paddingInner)) * align;\n    bandwidth = step * (1 - paddingInner);\n    if (round) start = Math.round(start), bandwidth = Math.round(bandwidth);\n    var values = sequence(n).map(function (i) {\n      return start + step * i;\n    });\n    return ordinalRange(reverse ? values.reverse() : values);\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref[0], r1 = _ref[1]), r0 = +r0, r1 = +r1, rescale()) : [r0, r1];\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    var _ref2;\n    return (_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1]), r0 = +r0, r1 = +r1, round = true, rescale();\n  };\n  scale.bandwidth = function () {\n    return bandwidth;\n  };\n  scale.step = function () {\n    return step;\n  };\n  scale.round = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (round = !!_, rescale()) : round;\n  };\n  scale.padding = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = Math.min(1, paddingOuter = +_), rescale()) : paddingInner;\n  };\n  scale.paddingInner = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = Math.min(1, _), rescale()) : paddingInner;\n  };\n  scale.paddingOuter = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (paddingOuter = +_, rescale()) : paddingOuter;\n  };\n  scale.align = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (align = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : align;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return band(domain(), [r0, r1]).round(round).paddingInner(paddingInner).paddingOuter(paddingOuter).align(align);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(rescale(), arguments);\n}\nfunction pointish(scale) {\n  var copy = scale.copy;\n  scale.padding = scale.paddingOuter;\n  delete scale.paddingInner;\n  delete scale.paddingOuter;\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return pointish(copy());\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport function point() {\n  return pointish(band.apply(null, arguments).paddingInner(1));\n}","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nvar identity = function identity(i) {\n  return i;\n};\nexport var PLACE_HOLDER = {\n  '@@functional/placeholder': true\n};\nvar isPlaceHolder = function isPlaceHolder(val) {\n  return val === PLACE_HOLDER;\n};\nvar curry0 = function curry0(fn) {\n  return function _curried() {\n    if (arguments.length === 0 || arguments.length === 1 && isPlaceHolder(arguments.length <= 0 ? undefined : arguments[0])) {\n      return _curried;\n    }\n    return fn.apply(void 0, arguments);\n  };\n};\nvar curryN = function curryN(n, fn) {\n  if (n === 1) {\n    return fn;\n  }\n  return curry0(function () {\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    var argsLength = args.filter(function (arg) {\n      return arg !== PLACE_HOLDER;\n    }).length;\n    if (argsLength >= n) {\n      return fn.apply(void 0, args);\n    }\n    return curryN(n - argsLength, curry0(function () {\n      for (var _len2 = arguments.length, restArgs = new Array(_len2), _key2 = 0; _key2 < _len2; _key2++) {\n        restArgs[_key2] = arguments[_key2];\n      }\n      var newArgs = args.map(function (arg) {\n        return isPlaceHolder(arg) ? restArgs.shift() : arg;\n      });\n      return fn.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(newArgs).concat(restArgs));\n    }));\n  });\n};\nexport var curry = function curry(fn) {\n  return curryN(fn.length, fn);\n};\nexport var range = function range(begin, end) {\n  var arr = [];\n  for (var i = begin; i < end; ++i) {\n    arr[i - begin] = i;\n  }\n  return arr;\n};\nexport var map = curry(function (fn, arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) {\n    return arr.map(fn);\n  }\n  return Object.keys(arr).map(function (key) {\n    return arr[key];\n  }).map(fn);\n});\nexport var compose = function compose() {\n  for (var _len3 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len3), _key3 = 0; _key3 < _len3; _key3++) {\n    args[_key3] = arguments[_key3];\n  }\n  if (!args.length) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  var fns = args.reverse(); // first function can receive multiply arguments\n\n  var firstFn = fns[0];\n  var tailsFn = fns.slice(1);\n  return function () {\n    return tailsFn.reduce(function (res, fn) {\n      return fn(res);\n    }, firstFn.apply(void 0, arguments));\n  };\n};\nexport var reverse = function reverse(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) {\n    return arr.reverse();\n  } // can be string\n\n  return arr.split('').reverse.join('');\n};\nexport var memoize = function memoize(fn) {\n  var lastArgs = null;\n  var lastResult = null;\n  return function () {\n    for (var _len4 = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len4), _key4 = 0; _key4 < _len4; _key4++) {\n      args[_key4] = arguments[_key4];\n    }\n    if (lastArgs && args.every(function (val, i) {\n      return val === lastArgs[i];\n    })) {\n      return lastResult;\n    }\n    lastArgs = args;\n    lastResult = fn.apply(void 0, args);\n    return lastResult;\n  };\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview 一些公用的运算方法\n * @author xile611\n * @date 2015-09-17\n */\nimport Decimal from 'decimal.js-light';\nimport { curry } from './utils';\n/**\n * 获取数值的位数\n * 其中绝对值属于区间[0.1, 1)， 得到的值为0\n * 绝对值属于区间[0.01, 0.1)，得到的位数为 -1\n * 绝对值属于区间[0.001, 0.01)，得到的位数为 -2\n *\n * @param  {Number} value 数值\n * @return {Integer} 位数\n */\n\nfunction getDigitCount(value) {\n  var result;\n  if (value === 0) {\n    result = 1;\n  } else {\n    result = Math.floor(new Decimal(value).abs().log(10).toNumber()) + 1;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * 按照固定的步长获取[start, end)这个区间的数据\n * 并且需要处理js计算精度的问题\n *\n * @param  {Decimal} start 起点\n * @param  {Decimal} end   终点，不包含该值\n * @param  {Decimal} step  步长\n * @return {Array}         若干数值\n */\n\nfunction rangeStep(start, end, step) {\n  var num = new Decimal(start);\n  var i = 0;\n  var result = []; // magic number to prevent infinite loop\n\n  while (num.lt(end) && i < 100000) {\n    result.push(num.toNumber());\n    num = num.add(step);\n    i++;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n/**\n * 对数值进行线性插值\n *\n * @param  {Number} a  定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b  定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} t  [0, 1]内的某个值\n * @return {Number}    定义域内的某个值\n */\n\nvar interpolateNumber = curry(function (a, b, t) {\n  var newA = +a;\n  var newB = +b;\n  return newA + t * (newB - newA);\n});\n/**\n * 线性插值的逆运算\n *\n * @param  {Number} a 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} x 可以认为是插值后的一个输出值\n * @return {Number}   当x在 a ~ b这个范围内时，返回值属于[0, 1]\n */\n\nvar uninterpolateNumber = curry(function (a, b, x) {\n  var diff = b - +a;\n  diff = diff || Infinity;\n  return (x - a) / diff;\n});\n/**\n * 线性插值的逆运算，并且有截断的操作\n *\n * @param  {Number} a 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} b 定义域的极点\n * @param  {Number} x 可以认为是插值后的一个输出值\n * @return {Number}   当x在 a ~ b这个区间内时，返回值属于[0, 1]，\n * 当x不在 a ~ b这个区间时，会截断到 a ~ b 这个区间\n */\n\nvar uninterpolateTruncation = curry(function (a, b, x) {\n  var diff = b - +a;\n  diff = diff || Infinity;\n  return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (x - a) / diff));\n});\nexport default {\n  rangeStep: rangeStep,\n  getDigitCount: getDigitCount,\n  interpolateNumber: interpolateNumber,\n  uninterpolateNumber: uninterpolateNumber,\n  uninterpolateTruncation: uninterpolateTruncation\n};","function _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview calculate tick values of scale\n * @author xile611, arcthur\n * @date 2015-09-17\n */\nimport Decimal from 'decimal.js-light';\nimport { compose, range, memoize, map, reverse } from './util/utils';\nimport Arithmetic from './util/arithmetic';\n/**\n * Calculate a interval of a minimum value and a maximum value\n *\n * @param  {Number} min       The minimum value\n * @param  {Number} max       The maximum value\n * @return {Array} An interval\n */\n\nfunction getValidInterval(_ref) {\n  var _ref2 = _slicedToArray(_ref, 2),\n    min = _ref2[0],\n    max = _ref2[1];\n  var validMin = min,\n    validMax = max; // exchange\n\n  if (min > max) {\n    validMin = max;\n    validMax = min;\n  }\n  return [validMin, validMax];\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the step which is easy to understand between ticks, like 10, 20, 25\n *\n * @param  {Decimal} roughStep        The rough step calculated by deviding the\n * difference by the tickCount\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals    Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @param  {Integer} correctionFactor A correction factor\n * @return {Decimal} The step which is easy to understand between two ticks\n */\n\nfunction getFormatStep(roughStep, allowDecimals, correctionFactor) {\n  if (roughStep.lte(0)) {\n    return new Decimal(0);\n  }\n  var digitCount = Arithmetic.getDigitCount(roughStep.toNumber()); // The ratio between the rough step and the smallest number which has a bigger\n  // order of magnitudes than the rough step\n\n  var digitCountValue = new Decimal(10).pow(digitCount);\n  var stepRatio = roughStep.div(digitCountValue); // When an integer and a float multiplied, the accuracy of result may be wrong\n\n  var stepRatioScale = digitCount !== 1 ? 0.05 : 0.1;\n  var amendStepRatio = new Decimal(Math.ceil(stepRatio.div(stepRatioScale).toNumber())).add(correctionFactor).mul(stepRatioScale);\n  var formatStep = amendStepRatio.mul(digitCountValue);\n  return allowDecimals ? formatStep : new Decimal(Math.ceil(formatStep));\n}\n/**\n * calculate the ticks when the minimum value equals to the maximum value\n *\n * @param  {Number}  value         The minimum valuue which is also the maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}                 ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickOfSingleValue(value, tickCount, allowDecimals) {\n  var step = 1; // calculate the middle value of ticks\n\n  var middle = new Decimal(value);\n  if (!middle.isint() && allowDecimals) {\n    var absVal = Math.abs(value);\n    if (absVal < 1) {\n      // The step should be a float number when the difference is smaller than 1\n      step = new Decimal(10).pow(Arithmetic.getDigitCount(value) - 1);\n      middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(middle.div(step).toNumber())).mul(step);\n    } else if (absVal > 1) {\n      // Return the maximum integer which is smaller than 'value' when 'value' is greater than 1\n      middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(value));\n    }\n  } else if (value === 0) {\n    middle = new Decimal(Math.floor((tickCount - 1) / 2));\n  } else if (!allowDecimals) {\n    middle = new Decimal(Math.floor(value));\n  }\n  var middleIndex = Math.floor((tickCount - 1) / 2);\n  var fn = compose(map(function (n) {\n    return middle.add(new Decimal(n - middleIndex).mul(step)).toNumber();\n  }), range);\n  return fn(0, tickCount);\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the step\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min              The minimum value of an interval\n * @param  {Number}  max              The maximum value of an interval\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount        The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals    Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @param  {Number}  correctionFactor A correction factor\n * @return {Object}  The step, minimum value of ticks, maximum value of ticks\n */\n\nfunction calculateStep(min, max, tickCount, allowDecimals) {\n  var correctionFactor = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : 0;\n\n  // dirty hack (for recharts' test)\n  if (!Number.isFinite((max - min) / (tickCount - 1))) {\n    return {\n      step: new Decimal(0),\n      tickMin: new Decimal(0),\n      tickMax: new Decimal(0)\n    };\n  } // The step which is easy to understand between two ticks\n\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(max).sub(min).div(tickCount - 1), allowDecimals, correctionFactor); // A medial value of ticks\n\n  var middle; // When 0 is inside the interval, 0 should be a tick\n\n  if (min <= 0 && max >= 0) {\n    middle = new Decimal(0);\n  } else {\n    // calculate the middle value\n    middle = new Decimal(min).add(max).div(2); // minus modulo value\n\n    middle = middle.sub(new Decimal(middle).mod(step));\n  }\n  var belowCount = Math.ceil(middle.sub(min).div(step).toNumber());\n  var upCount = Math.ceil(new Decimal(max).sub(middle).div(step).toNumber());\n  var scaleCount = belowCount + upCount + 1;\n  if (scaleCount > tickCount) {\n    // When more ticks need to cover the interval, step should be bigger.\n    return calculateStep(min, max, tickCount, allowDecimals, correctionFactor + 1);\n  }\n  if (scaleCount < tickCount) {\n    // When less ticks can cover the interval, we should add some additional ticks\n    upCount = max > 0 ? upCount + (tickCount - scaleCount) : upCount;\n    belowCount = max > 0 ? belowCount : belowCount + (tickCount - scaleCount);\n  }\n  return {\n    step: step,\n    tickMin: middle.sub(new Decimal(belowCount).mul(step)),\n    tickMax: middle.add(new Decimal(upCount).mul(step))\n  };\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks will be guraranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getNiceTickValuesFn(_ref3) {\n  var _ref4 = _slicedToArray(_ref3, 2),\n    min = _ref4[0],\n    max = _ref4[1];\n  var tickCount = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 6;\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var _getValidInterval = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval2 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval2[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval2[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    var _values = cormax === Infinity ? [cormin].concat(_toConsumableArray(range(0, tickCount - 1).map(function () {\n      return Infinity;\n    }))) : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(range(0, tickCount - 1).map(function () {\n      return -Infinity;\n    })), [cormax]);\n    return min > max ? reverse(_values) : _values;\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return getTickOfSingleValue(cormin, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n  } // Get the step between two ticks\n\n  var _calculateStep = calculateStep(cormin, cormax, count, allowDecimals),\n    step = _calculateStep.step,\n    tickMin = _calculateStep.tickMin,\n    tickMax = _calculateStep.tickMax;\n  var values = Arithmetic.rangeStep(tickMin, tickMax.add(new Decimal(0.1).mul(step)), step);\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks won't be guraranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickValuesFn(_ref5) {\n  var _ref6 = _slicedToArray(_ref5, 2),\n    min = _ref6[0],\n    max = _ref6[1];\n  var tickCount = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 6;\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var _getValidInterval3 = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval4 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval3, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval4[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval4[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    return [min, max];\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return getTickOfSingleValue(cormin, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n  }\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(cormax).sub(cormin).div(count - 1), allowDecimals, 0);\n  var fn = compose(map(function (n) {\n    return new Decimal(cormin).add(new Decimal(n).mul(step)).toNumber();\n  }), range);\n  var values = fn(0, count).filter(function (entry) {\n    return entry >= cormin && entry <= cormax;\n  });\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\n/**\n * Calculate the ticks of an interval, the count of ticks won't be guraranteed,\n * but the domain will be guaranteed\n *\n * @param  {Number}  min, max      min: The minimum value, max: The maximum value\n * @param  {Integer} tickCount     The count of ticks\n * @param  {Boolean} allowDecimals Allow the ticks to be decimals or not\n * @return {Array}   ticks\n */\n\nfunction getTickValuesFixedDomainFn(_ref7, tickCount) {\n  var _ref8 = _slicedToArray(_ref7, 2),\n    min = _ref8[0],\n    max = _ref8[1];\n  var allowDecimals = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n\n  // More than two ticks should be return\n  var _getValidInterval5 = getValidInterval([min, max]),\n    _getValidInterval6 = _slicedToArray(_getValidInterval5, 2),\n    cormin = _getValidInterval6[0],\n    cormax = _getValidInterval6[1];\n  if (cormin === -Infinity || cormax === Infinity) {\n    return [min, max];\n  }\n  if (cormin === cormax) {\n    return [cormin];\n  }\n  var count = Math.max(tickCount, 2);\n  var step = getFormatStep(new Decimal(cormax).sub(cormin).div(count - 1), allowDecimals, 0);\n  var values = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(Arithmetic.rangeStep(new Decimal(cormin), new Decimal(cormax).sub(new Decimal(0.99).mul(step)), step)), [cormax]);\n  return min > max ? reverse(values) : values;\n}\nexport var getNiceTickValues = memoize(getNiceTickValuesFn);\nexport var getTickValues = memoize(getTickValuesFn);\nexport var getTickValuesFixedDomain = memoize(getTickValuesFixedDomainFn);","var e10 = Math.sqrt(50),\n  e5 = Math.sqrt(10),\n  e2 = Math.sqrt(2);\nexport default function (start, stop, count) {\n  var reverse,\n    i = -1,\n    n,\n    ticks,\n    step;\n  stop = +stop, start = +start, count = +count;\n  if (start === stop && count > 0) return [start];\n  if (reverse = stop < start) n = start, start = stop, stop = n;\n  if ((step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count)) === 0 || !isFinite(step)) return [];\n  if (step > 0) {\n    var r0 = Math.round(start / step),\n      r1 = Math.round(stop / step);\n    if (r0 * step < start) ++r0;\n    if (r1 * step > stop) --r1;\n    ticks = new Array(n = r1 - r0 + 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      ticks[i] = (r0 + i) * step;\n    }\n  } else {\n    step = -step;\n    var _r = Math.round(start * step),\n      _r2 = Math.round(stop * step);\n    if (_r / step < start) ++_r;\n    if (_r2 / step > stop) --_r2;\n    ticks = new Array(n = _r2 - _r + 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      ticks[i] = (_r + i) / step;\n    }\n  }\n  if (reverse) ticks.reverse();\n  return ticks;\n}\nexport function tickIncrement(start, stop, count) {\n  var step = (stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),\n    power = Math.floor(Math.log(step) / Math.LN10),\n    error = step / Math.pow(10, power);\n  return power >= 0 ? (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1) * Math.pow(10, power) : -Math.pow(10, -power) / (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1);\n}\nexport function tickStep(start, stop, count) {\n  var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),\n    step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)),\n    error = step0 / step1;\n  if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10;else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5;else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2;\n  return stop < start ? -step1 : step1;\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\nexport default function (f) {\n  var delta = f;\n  var compare = f;\n  if (f.length === 1) {\n    delta = function delta(d, x) {\n      return f(d) - x;\n    };\n    compare = ascendingComparator(f);\n  }\n  function left(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    while (lo < hi) {\n      var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;\n      if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;else hi = mid;\n    }\n    return lo;\n  }\n  function right(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    while (lo < hi) {\n      var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;\n      if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;else lo = mid + 1;\n    }\n    return lo;\n  }\n  function center(a, x, lo, hi) {\n    if (lo == null) lo = 0;\n    if (hi == null) hi = a.length;\n    var i = left(a, x, lo, hi - 1);\n    return i > lo && delta(a[i - 1], x) > -delta(a[i], x) ? i - 1 : i;\n  }\n  return {\n    left: left,\n    center: center,\n    right: right\n  };\n}\nfunction ascendingComparator(f) {\n  return function (d, x) {\n    return ascending(f(d), x);\n  };\n}","import _regeneratorRuntime from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/regenerator/index.js\";\nvar _marked = /*#__PURE__*/_regeneratorRuntime.mark(numbers);\nfunction _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function (x) {\n  return x === null ? NaN : +x;\n}\nexport function numbers(values, valueof) {\n  var _iterator, _step, value, index, _iterator2, _step2, _value;\n  return _regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function numbers$(_context) {\n    while (1) {\n      switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {\n        case 0:\n          if (!(valueof === undefined)) {\n            _context.next = 21;\n            break;\n          }\n          _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);\n          _context.prev = 2;\n          _iterator.s();\n        case 4:\n          if ((_step = _iterator.n()).done) {\n            _context.next = 11;\n            break;\n          }\n          value = _step.value;\n          if (!(value != null && (value = +value) >= value)) {\n            _context.next = 9;\n            break;\n          }\n          _context.next = 9;\n          return value;\n        case 9:\n          _context.next = 4;\n          break;\n        case 11:\n          _context.next = 16;\n          break;\n        case 13:\n          _context.prev = 13;\n          _context.t0 = _context[\"catch\"](2);\n          _iterator.e(_context.t0);\n        case 16:\n          _context.prev = 16;\n          _iterator.f();\n          return _context.finish(16);\n        case 19:\n          _context.next = 40;\n          break;\n        case 21:\n          index = -1;\n          _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values);\n          _context.prev = 23;\n          _iterator2.s();\n        case 25:\n          if ((_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done) {\n            _context.next = 32;\n            break;\n          }\n          _value = _step2.value;\n          if (!((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (_value = +_value) >= _value)) {\n            _context.next = 30;\n            break;\n          }\n          _context.next = 30;\n          return _value;\n        case 30:\n          _context.next = 25;\n          break;\n        case 32:\n          _context.next = 37;\n          break;\n        case 34:\n          _context.prev = 34;\n          _context.t1 = _context[\"catch\"](23);\n          _iterator2.e(_context.t1);\n        case 37:\n          _context.prev = 37;\n          _iterator2.f();\n          return _context.finish(37);\n        case 40:\n        case \"end\":\n          return _context.stop();\n      }\n    }\n  }, _marked, null, [[2, 13, 16, 19], [23, 34, 37, 40]]);\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\nimport bisector from \"./bisector.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nvar ascendingBisect = bisector(ascending);\nexport var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right;\nexport var bisectLeft = ascendingBisect.left;\nexport var bisectCenter = bisector(number).center;\nexport default bisectRight;","export default function (constructor, factory, prototype) {\n  constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype;\n  prototype.constructor = constructor;\n}\nexport function extend(parent, definition) {\n  var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);\n  for (var key in definition) {\n    prototype[key] = definition[key];\n  }\n  return prototype;\n}","import define, { extend } from \"./define.js\";\nexport function Color() {}\nvar _darker = 0.7;\nexport { _darker as darker };\nvar _brighter = 1 / _darker;\nexport { _brighter as brighter };\nvar reI = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d+)\\\\s*\",\n  reN = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d*\\\\.?\\\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\\\d+)?)\\\\s*\",\n  reP = \"\\\\s*([+-]?\\\\d*\\\\.?\\\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\\\d+)?)%\\\\s*\",\n  reHex = /^#([0-9a-f]{3,8})$/,\n  reRgbInteger = new RegExp(\"^rgb\\\\(\" + [reI, reI, reI] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbPercent = new RegExp(\"^rgb\\\\(\" + [reP, reP, reP] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbaInteger = new RegExp(\"^rgba\\\\(\" + [reI, reI, reI, reN] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reRgbaPercent = new RegExp(\"^rgba\\\\(\" + [reP, reP, reP, reN] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reHslPercent = new RegExp(\"^hsl\\\\(\" + [reN, reP, reP] + \"\\\\)$\"),\n  reHslaPercent = new RegExp(\"^hsla\\\\(\" + [reN, reP, reP, reN] + \"\\\\)$\");\nvar named = {\n  aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,\n  antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,\n  aqua: 0x00ffff,\n  aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,\n  azure: 0xf0ffff,\n  beige: 0xf5f5dc,\n  bisque: 0xffe4c4,\n  black: 0x000000,\n  blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,\n  blue: 0x0000ff,\n  blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,\n  brown: 0xa52a2a,\n  burlywood: 0xdeb887,\n  cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,\n  chartreuse: 0x7fff00,\n  chocolate: 0xd2691e,\n  coral: 0xff7f50,\n  cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,\n  cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,\n  crimson: 0xdc143c,\n  cyan: 0x00ffff,\n  darkblue: 0x00008b,\n  darkcyan: 0x008b8b,\n  darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,\n  darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,\n  darkgreen: 0x006400,\n  darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,\n  darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,\n  darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,\n  darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,\n  darkorange: 0xff8c00,\n  darkorchid: 0x9932cc,\n  darkred: 0x8b0000,\n  darksalmon: 0xe9967a,\n  darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,\n  darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,\n  darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,\n  darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,\n  darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,\n  darkviolet: 0x9400d3,\n  deeppink: 0xff1493,\n  deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,\n  dimgray: 0x696969,\n  dimgrey: 0x696969,\n  dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,\n  firebrick: 0xb22222,\n  floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,\n  forestgreen: 0x228b22,\n  fuchsia: 0xff00ff,\n  gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,\n  ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,\n  gold: 0xffd700,\n  goldenrod: 0xdaa520,\n  gray: 0x808080,\n  green: 0x008000,\n  greenyellow: 0xadff2f,\n  grey: 0x808080,\n  honeydew: 0xf0fff0,\n  hotpink: 0xff69b4,\n  indianred: 0xcd5c5c,\n  indigo: 0x4b0082,\n  ivory: 0xfffff0,\n  khaki: 0xf0e68c,\n  lavender: 0xe6e6fa,\n  lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,\n  lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,\n  lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,\n  lightblue: 0xadd8e6,\n  lightcoral: 0xf08080,\n  lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,\n  lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,\n  lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,\n  lightgreen: 0x90ee90,\n  lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,\n  lightpink: 0xffb6c1,\n  lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,\n  lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,\n  lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,\n  lightslategray: 0x778899,\n  lightslategrey: 0x778899,\n  lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,\n  lightyellow: 0xffffe0,\n  lime: 0x00ff00,\n  limegreen: 0x32cd32,\n  linen: 0xfaf0e6,\n  magenta: 0xff00ff,\n  maroon: 0x800000,\n  mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,\n  mediumblue: 0x0000cd,\n  mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,\n  mediumpurple: 0x9370db,\n  mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,\n  mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,\n  mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,\n  mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,\n  mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,\n  midnightblue: 0x191970,\n  mintcream: 0xf5fffa,\n  mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,\n  moccasin: 0xffe4b5,\n  navajowhite: 0xffdead,\n  navy: 0x000080,\n  oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,\n  olive: 0x808000,\n  olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,\n  orange: 0xffa500,\n  orangered: 0xff4500,\n  orchid: 0xda70d6,\n  palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,\n  palegreen: 0x98fb98,\n  paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,\n  palevioletred: 0xdb7093,\n  papayawhip: 0xffefd5,\n  peachpuff: 0xffdab9,\n  peru: 0xcd853f,\n  pink: 0xffc0cb,\n  plum: 0xdda0dd,\n  powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,\n  purple: 0x800080,\n  rebeccapurple: 0x663399,\n  red: 0xff0000,\n  rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,\n  royalblue: 0x4169e1,\n  saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,\n  salmon: 0xfa8072,\n  sandybrown: 0xf4a460,\n  seagreen: 0x2e8b57,\n  seashell: 0xfff5ee,\n  sienna: 0xa0522d,\n  silver: 0xc0c0c0,\n  skyblue: 0x87ceeb,\n  slateblue: 0x6a5acd,\n  slategray: 0x708090,\n  slategrey: 0x708090,\n  snow: 0xfffafa,\n  springgreen: 0x00ff7f,\n  steelblue: 0x4682b4,\n  tan: 0xd2b48c,\n  teal: 0x008080,\n  thistle: 0xd8bfd8,\n  tomato: 0xff6347,\n  turquoise: 0x40e0d0,\n  violet: 0xee82ee,\n  wheat: 0xf5deb3,\n  white: 0xffffff,\n  whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,\n  yellow: 0xffff00,\n  yellowgreen: 0x9acd32\n};\ndefine(Color, color, {\n  copy: function copy(channels) {\n    return Object.assign(new this.constructor(), this, channels);\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return this.rgb().displayable();\n  },\n  hex: color_formatHex,\n  // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.\n  formatHex: color_formatHex,\n  formatHsl: color_formatHsl,\n  formatRgb: color_formatRgb,\n  toString: color_formatRgb\n});\nfunction color_formatHex() {\n  return this.rgb().formatHex();\n}\nfunction color_formatHsl() {\n  return hslConvert(this).formatHsl();\n}\nfunction color_formatRgb() {\n  return this.rgb().formatRgb();\n}\nexport default function color(format) {\n  var m, l;\n  format = (format + \"\").trim().toLowerCase();\n  return (m = reHex.exec(format)) ? (l = m[1].length, m = parseInt(m[1], 16), l === 6 ? rgbn(m) // #ff0000\n  : l === 3 ? new Rgb(m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, (m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf, 1) // #f00\n  : l === 8 ? rgba(m >> 24 & 0xff, m >> 16 & 0xff, m >> 8 & 0xff, (m & 0xff) / 0xff) // #ff000000\n  : l === 4 ? rgba(m >> 12 & 0xf | m >> 8 & 0xf0, m >> 8 & 0xf | m >> 4 & 0xf0, m >> 4 & 0xf | m & 0xf0, ((m & 0xf) << 4 | m & 0xf) / 0xff) // #f000\n  : null // invalid hex\n  ) : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0)\n  : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)\n  : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)\n  : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1)\n  : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%)\n  : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1)\n  : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format]) // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins\n  : format === \"transparent\" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0) : null;\n}\nfunction rgbn(n) {\n  return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1);\n}\nfunction rgba(r, g, b, a) {\n  if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN;\n  return new Rgb(r, g, b, a);\n}\nexport function rgbConvert(o) {\n  if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);\n  if (!o) return new Rgb();\n  o = o.rgb();\n  return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity);\n}\nexport function rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {\n  return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);\n}\nexport function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {\n  this.r = +r;\n  this.g = +g;\n  this.b = +b;\n  this.opacity = +opacity;\n}\ndefine(Rgb, rgb, extend(Color, {\n  brighter: function brighter(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);\n    return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  darker: function darker(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);\n    return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  rgb: function rgb() {\n    return this;\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return -0.5 <= this.r && this.r < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.g && this.g < 255.5 && -0.5 <= this.b && this.b < 255.5 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;\n  },\n  hex: rgb_formatHex,\n  // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex.\n  formatHex: rgb_formatHex,\n  formatRgb: rgb_formatRgb,\n  toString: rgb_formatRgb\n}));\nfunction rgb_formatHex() {\n  return \"#\" + hex(this.r) + hex(this.g) + hex(this.b);\n}\nfunction rgb_formatRgb() {\n  var a = this.opacity;\n  a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));\n  return (a === 1 ? \"rgb(\" : \"rgba(\") + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + \", \" + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + \", \" + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0)) + (a === 1 ? \")\" : \", \" + a + \")\");\n}\nfunction hex(value) {\n  value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(value) || 0));\n  return (value < 16 ? \"0\" : \"\") + value.toString(16);\n}\nfunction hsla(h, s, l, a) {\n  if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN;else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN;else if (s <= 0) h = NaN;\n  return new Hsl(h, s, l, a);\n}\nexport function hslConvert(o) {\n  if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);\n  if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);\n  if (!o) return new Hsl();\n  if (o instanceof Hsl) return o;\n  o = o.rgb();\n  var r = o.r / 255,\n    g = o.g / 255,\n    b = o.b / 255,\n    min = Math.min(r, g, b),\n    max = Math.max(r, g, b),\n    h = NaN,\n    s = max - min,\n    l = (max + min) / 2;\n  if (s) {\n    if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6;else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2;else h = (r - g) / s + 4;\n    s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min;\n    h *= 60;\n  } else {\n    s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;\n  }\n  return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity);\n}\nexport function hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {\n  return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);\n}\nfunction Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {\n  this.h = +h;\n  this.s = +s;\n  this.l = +l;\n  this.opacity = +opacity;\n}\ndefine(Hsl, hsl, extend(Color, {\n  brighter: function brighter(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _brighter : Math.pow(_brighter, k);\n    return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  darker: function darker(k) {\n    k = k == null ? _darker : Math.pow(_darker, k);\n    return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);\n  },\n  rgb: function rgb() {\n    var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360,\n      s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s,\n      l = this.l,\n      m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s,\n      m1 = 2 * l - m2;\n    return new Rgb(hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2), hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2), this.opacity);\n  },\n  displayable: function displayable() {\n    return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s)) && 0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1 && 0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1;\n  },\n  formatHsl: function formatHsl() {\n    var a = this.opacity;\n    a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));\n    return (a === 1 ? \"hsl(\" : \"hsla(\") + (this.h || 0) + \", \" + (this.s || 0) * 100 + \"%, \" + (this.l || 0) * 100 + \"%\" + (a === 1 ? \")\" : \", \" + a + \")\");\n  }\n}));\n\n/* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */\nfunction hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) {\n  return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60 : h < 180 ? m2 : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60 : m1) * 255;\n}","export function basis(t1, v0, v1, v2, v3) {\n  var t2 = t1 * t1,\n    t3 = t2 * t1;\n  return ((1 - 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - t3) * v0 + (4 - 6 * t2 + 3 * t3) * v1 + (1 + 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - 3 * t3) * v2 + t3 * v3) / 6;\n}\nexport default function (values) {\n  var n = values.length - 1;\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = t <= 0 ? t = 0 : t >= 1 ? (t = 1, n - 1) : Math.floor(t * n),\n      v1 = values[i],\n      v2 = values[i + 1],\n      v0 = i > 0 ? values[i - 1] : 2 * v1 - v2,\n      v3 = i < n - 1 ? values[i + 2] : 2 * v2 - v1;\n    return basis((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);\n  };\n}","export default (function (x) {\n  return function () {\n    return x;\n  };\n});","import constant from \"./constant.js\";\nfunction linear(a, d) {\n  return function (t) {\n    return a + t * d;\n  };\n}\nfunction exponential(a, b, y) {\n  return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function (t) {\n    return Math.pow(a + t * b, y);\n  };\n}\nexport function hue(a, b) {\n  var d = b - a;\n  return d ? linear(a, d > 180 || d < -180 ? d - 360 * Math.round(d / 360) : d) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n}\nexport function gamma(y) {\n  return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function (a, b) {\n    return b - a ? exponential(a, b, y) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n  };\n}\nexport default function nogamma(a, b) {\n  var d = b - a;\n  return d ? linear(a, d) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a);\n}","import { rgb as colorRgb } from \"d3-color\";\nimport basis from \"./basis.js\";\nimport basisClosed from \"./basisClosed.js\";\nimport nogamma, { gamma } from \"./color.js\";\nexport default (function rgbGamma(y) {\n  var color = gamma(y);\n  function rgb(start, end) {\n    var r = color((start = colorRgb(start)).r, (end = colorRgb(end)).r),\n      g = color(start.g, end.g),\n      b = color(start.b, end.b),\n      opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);\n    return function (t) {\n      start.r = r(t);\n      start.g = g(t);\n      start.b = b(t);\n      start.opacity = opacity(t);\n      return start + \"\";\n    };\n  }\n  rgb.gamma = rgbGamma;\n  return rgb;\n})(1);\nfunction rgbSpline(spline) {\n  return function (colors) {\n    var n = colors.length,\n      r = new Array(n),\n      g = new Array(n),\n      b = new Array(n),\n      i,\n      color;\n    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      color = colorRgb(colors[i]);\n      r[i] = color.r || 0;\n      g[i] = color.g || 0;\n      b[i] = color.b || 0;\n    }\n    r = spline(r);\n    g = spline(g);\n    b = spline(b);\n    color.opacity = 1;\n    return function (t) {\n      color.r = r(t);\n      color.g = g(t);\n      color.b = b(t);\n      return color + \"\";\n    };\n  };\n}\nexport var rgbBasis = rgbSpline(basis);\nexport var rgbBasisClosed = rgbSpline(basisClosed);","import { basis } from \"./basis.js\";\nexport default function (values) {\n  var n = values.length;\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = Math.floor(((t %= 1) < 0 ? ++t : t) * n),\n      v0 = values[(i + n - 1) % n],\n      v1 = values[i % n],\n      v2 = values[(i + 1) % n],\n      v3 = values[(i + 2) % n];\n    return basis((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);\n  };\n}","import value from \"./value.js\";\nimport numberArray, { isNumberArray } from \"./numberArray.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  return (isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray : genericArray)(a, b);\n}\nexport function genericArray(a, b) {\n  var nb = b ? b.length : 0,\n    na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0,\n    x = new Array(na),\n    c = new Array(nb),\n    i;\n  for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {\n    x[i] = value(a[i], b[i]);\n  }\n  for (; i < nb; ++i) {\n    c[i] = b[i];\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) {\n      c[i] = x[i](t);\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  var d = new Date();\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return d.setTime(a * (1 - t) + b * t), d;\n  };\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return a * (1 - t) + b * t;\n  };\n}","import value from \"./value.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var i = {},\n    c = {},\n    k;\n  if (a === null || typeof a !== \"object\") a = {};\n  if (b === null || typeof b !== \"object\") b = {};\n  for (k in b) {\n    if (k in a) {\n      i[k] = value(a[k], b[k]);\n    } else {\n      c[k] = b[k];\n    }\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    for (k in i) {\n      c[k] = i[k](t);\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}","import number from \"./number.js\";\nvar reA = /[-+]?(?:\\d+\\.?\\d*|\\.?\\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\\d+)?/g,\n  reB = new RegExp(reA.source, \"g\");\nfunction zero(b) {\n  return function () {\n    return b;\n  };\n}\nfunction one(b) {\n  return function (t) {\n    return b(t) + \"\";\n  };\n}\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0,\n    // scan index for next number in b\n    am,\n    // current match in a\n    bm,\n    // current match in b\n    bs,\n    // string preceding current number in b, if any\n    i = -1,\n    // index in s\n    s = [],\n    // string constants and placeholders\n    q = []; // number interpolators\n\n  // Coerce inputs to strings.\n  a = a + \"\", b = b + \"\";\n\n  // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.\n  while ((am = reA.exec(a)) && (bm = reB.exec(b))) {\n    if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) {\n      // a string precedes the next number in b\n      bs = b.slice(bi, bs);\n      if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string\n      else s[++i] = bs;\n    }\n    if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) {\n      // numbers in a & b match\n      if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string\n      else s[++i] = bm;\n    } else {\n      // interpolate non-matching numbers\n      s[++i] = null;\n      q.push({\n        i: i,\n        x: number(am, bm)\n      });\n    }\n    bi = reB.lastIndex;\n  }\n\n  // Add remains of b.\n  if (bi < b.length) {\n    bs = b.slice(bi);\n    if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string\n    else s[++i] = bs;\n  }\n\n  // Special optimization for only a single match.\n  // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.\n  return s.length < 2 ? q[0] ? one(q[0].x) : zero(b) : (b = q.length, function (t) {\n    for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) {\n      s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);\n    }\n    return s.join(\"\");\n  });\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  if (!b) b = [];\n  var n = a ? Math.min(b.length, a.length) : 0,\n    c = b.slice(),\n    i;\n  return function (t) {\n    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      c[i] = a[i] * (1 - t) + b[i] * t;\n    }\n    return c;\n  };\n}\nexport function isNumberArray(x) {\n  return ArrayBuffer.isView(x) && !(x instanceof DataView);\n}","import { color } from \"d3-color\";\nimport rgb from \"./rgb.js\";\nimport { genericArray } from \"./array.js\";\nimport date from \"./date.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nimport object from \"./object.js\";\nimport string from \"./string.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport numberArray, { isNumberArray } from \"./numberArray.js\";\nexport default function (a, b) {\n  var t = typeof b,\n    c;\n  return b == null || t === \"boolean\" ? constant(b) : (t === \"number\" ? number : t === \"string\" ? (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, rgb) : string : b instanceof color ? rgb : b instanceof Date ? date : isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray : Array.isArray(b) ? genericArray : typeof b.valueOf !== \"function\" && typeof b.toString !== \"function\" || isNaN(b) ? object : number)(a, b);\n}","export default function (a, b) {\n  return a = +a, b = +b, function (t) {\n    return Math.round(a * (1 - t) + b * t);\n  };\n}","export default function number(x) {\n  return +x;\n}","import { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { interpolate as interpolateValue, interpolateNumber, interpolateRound } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nvar unit = [0, 1];\nexport function identity(x) {\n  return x;\n}\nfunction normalize(a, b) {\n  return (b -= a = +a) ? function (x) {\n    return (x - a) / b;\n  } : constant(isNaN(b) ? NaN : 0.5);\n}\nfunction clamper(a, b) {\n  var t;\n  if (a > b) t = a, a = b, b = t;\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.max(a, Math.min(b, x));\n  };\n}\n\n// normalize(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1].\n// interpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding range value x in [a,b].\nfunction bimap(domain, range, interpolate) {\n  var d0 = domain[0],\n    d1 = domain[1],\n    r0 = range[0],\n    r1 = range[1];\n  if (d1 < d0) d0 = normalize(d1, d0), r0 = interpolate(r1, r0);else d0 = normalize(d0, d1), r0 = interpolate(r0, r1);\n  return function (x) {\n    return r0(d0(x));\n  };\n}\nfunction polymap(domain, range, interpolate) {\n  var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1,\n    d = new Array(j),\n    r = new Array(j),\n    i = -1;\n\n  // Reverse descending domains.\n  if (domain[j] < domain[0]) {\n    domain = domain.slice().reverse();\n    range = range.slice().reverse();\n  }\n  while (++i < j) {\n    d[i] = normalize(domain[i], domain[i + 1]);\n    r[i] = interpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]);\n  }\n  return function (x) {\n    var i = bisect(domain, x, 1, j) - 1;\n    return r[i](d[i](x));\n  };\n}\nexport function copy(source, target) {\n  return target.domain(source.domain()).range(source.range()).interpolate(source.interpolate()).clamp(source.clamp()).unknown(source.unknown());\n}\nexport function transformer() {\n  var domain = unit,\n    range = unit,\n    interpolate = interpolateValue,\n    transform,\n    untransform,\n    unknown,\n    clamp = identity,\n    piecewise,\n    output,\n    input;\n  function rescale() {\n    var n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length);\n    if (clamp !== identity) clamp = clamper(domain[0], domain[n - 1]);\n    piecewise = n > 2 ? polymap : bimap;\n    output = input = null;\n    return scale;\n  }\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (output || (output = piecewise(domain.map(transform), range, interpolate)))(transform(clamp(x)));\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return clamp(untransform((input || (input = piecewise(range, domain.map(transform), interpolateNumber)))(y)));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), rescale()) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    return range = Array.from(_), interpolate = interpolateRound, rescale();\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = _ ? true : identity, rescale()) : clamp !== identity;\n  };\n  scale.interpolate = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolate = _, rescale()) : interpolate;\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t, u) {\n    transform = t, untransform = u;\n    return rescale();\n  };\n}\nexport default function continuous() {\n  return transformer()(identity, identity);\n}","export default function constants(x) {\n  return function () {\n    return x;\n  };\n}","// [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][~][type]\nvar re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\\-( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\\d+)?(,)?(\\.\\d+)?(~)?([a-z%])?$/i;\nexport default function formatSpecifier(specifier) {\n  if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error(\"invalid format: \" + specifier);\n  var match;\n  return new FormatSpecifier({\n    fill: match[1],\n    align: match[2],\n    sign: match[3],\n    symbol: match[4],\n    zero: match[5],\n    width: match[6],\n    comma: match[7],\n    precision: match[8] && match[8].slice(1),\n    trim: match[9],\n    type: match[10]\n  });\n}\nformatSpecifier.prototype = FormatSpecifier.prototype; // instanceof\n\nexport function FormatSpecifier(specifier) {\n  this.fill = specifier.fill === undefined ? \" \" : specifier.fill + \"\";\n  this.align = specifier.align === undefined ? \">\" : specifier.align + \"\";\n  this.sign = specifier.sign === undefined ? \"-\" : specifier.sign + \"\";\n  this.symbol = specifier.symbol === undefined ? \"\" : specifier.symbol + \"\";\n  this.zero = !!specifier.zero;\n  this.width = specifier.width === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.width;\n  this.comma = !!specifier.comma;\n  this.precision = specifier.precision === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.precision;\n  this.trim = !!specifier.trim;\n  this.type = specifier.type === undefined ? \"\" : specifier.type + \"\";\n}\nFormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function () {\n  return this.fill + this.align + this.sign + this.symbol + (this.zero ? \"0\" : \"\") + (this.width === undefined ? \"\" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0)) + (this.comma ? \",\" : \"\") + (this.precision === undefined ? \"\" : \".\" + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0)) + (this.trim ? \"~\" : \"\") + this.type;\n};","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport var prefixExponent;\nexport default function (x, p) {\n  var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);\n  if (!d) return x + \"\";\n  var coefficient = d[0],\n    exponent = d[1],\n    i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1,\n    n = coefficient.length;\n  return i === n ? coefficient : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join(\"0\") : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + \".\" + coefficient.slice(i) : \"0.\" + new Array(1 - i).join(\"0\") + formatDecimalParts(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y!\n}","export default function (x) {\n  return Math.abs(x = Math.round(x)) >= 1e21 ? x.toLocaleString(\"en\").replace(/,/g, \"\") : x.toString(10);\n}\n\n// Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with\n// significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined.\n// For example, formatDecimalParts(1.23) returns [\"123\", 0].\nexport function formatDecimalParts(x, p) {\n  if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf(\"e\")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity\n  var i,\n    coefficient = x.slice(0, i);\n\n  // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \\d\\.\\d+e[-+]\\d+\n  // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \\de[-+]\\d+ (e.g., 1e+3).\n  return [coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient, +x.slice(i + 1)];\n}","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport default function (x) {\n  return x = formatDecimalParts(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN;\n}","import { formatDecimalParts } from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nexport default function (x, p) {\n  var d = formatDecimalParts(x, p);\n  if (!d) return x + \"\";\n  var coefficient = d[0],\n    exponent = d[1];\n  return exponent < 0 ? \"0.\" + new Array(-exponent).join(\"0\") + coefficient : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + \".\" + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1) : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join(\"0\");\n}","import formatDecimal from \"./formatDecimal.js\";\nimport formatPrefixAuto from \"./formatPrefixAuto.js\";\nimport formatRounded from \"./formatRounded.js\";\nexport default {\n  \"%\": function _(x, p) {\n    return (x * 100).toFixed(p);\n  },\n  \"b\": function b(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(2);\n  },\n  \"c\": function c(x) {\n    return x + \"\";\n  },\n  \"d\": formatDecimal,\n  \"e\": function e(x, p) {\n    return x.toExponential(p);\n  },\n  \"f\": function f(x, p) {\n    return x.toFixed(p);\n  },\n  \"g\": function g(x, p) {\n    return x.toPrecision(p);\n  },\n  \"o\": function o(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(8);\n  },\n  \"p\": function p(x, _p) {\n    return formatRounded(x * 100, _p);\n  },\n  \"r\": formatRounded,\n  \"s\": formatPrefixAuto,\n  \"X\": function X(x) {\n    return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase();\n  },\n  \"x\": function x(_x) {\n    return Math.round(_x).toString(16);\n  }\n};","export default function (x) {\n  return x;\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nimport formatGroup from \"./formatGroup.js\";\nimport formatNumerals from \"./formatNumerals.js\";\nimport formatSpecifier from \"./formatSpecifier.js\";\nimport formatTrim from \"./formatTrim.js\";\nimport formatTypes from \"./formatTypes.js\";\nimport { prefixExponent } from \"./formatPrefixAuto.js\";\nimport identity from \"./identity.js\";\nvar map = Array.prototype.map,\n  prefixes = [\"y\", \"z\", \"a\", \"f\", \"p\", \"n\", \"µ\", \"m\", \"\", \"k\", \"M\", \"G\", \"T\", \"P\", \"E\", \"Z\", \"Y\"];\nexport default function (locale) {\n  var group = locale.grouping === undefined || locale.thousands === undefined ? identity : formatGroup(map.call(locale.grouping, Number), locale.thousands + \"\"),\n    currencyPrefix = locale.currency === undefined ? \"\" : locale.currency[0] + \"\",\n    currencySuffix = locale.currency === undefined ? \"\" : locale.currency[1] + \"\",\n    decimal = locale.decimal === undefined ? \".\" : locale.decimal + \"\",\n    numerals = locale.numerals === undefined ? identity : formatNumerals(map.call(locale.numerals, String)),\n    percent = locale.percent === undefined ? \"%\" : locale.percent + \"\",\n    minus = locale.minus === undefined ? \"−\" : locale.minus + \"\",\n    nan = locale.nan === undefined ? \"NaN\" : locale.nan + \"\";\n  function newFormat(specifier) {\n    specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier);\n    var fill = specifier.fill,\n      align = specifier.align,\n      sign = specifier.sign,\n      symbol = specifier.symbol,\n      zero = specifier.zero,\n      width = specifier.width,\n      comma = specifier.comma,\n      precision = specifier.precision,\n      trim = specifier.trim,\n      type = specifier.type;\n\n    // The \"n\" type is an alias for \",g\".\n    if (type === \"n\") comma = true, type = \"g\";\n\n    // The \"\" type, and any invalid type, is an alias for \".12~g\".\n    else if (!formatTypes[type]) precision === undefined && (precision = 12), trim = true, type = \"g\";\n\n    // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits.\n    if (zero || fill === \"0\" && align === \"=\") zero = true, fill = \"0\", align = \"=\";\n\n    // Compute the prefix and suffix.\n    // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed.\n    var prefix = symbol === \"$\" ? currencyPrefix : symbol === \"#\" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? \"0\" + type.toLowerCase() : \"\",\n      suffix = symbol === \"$\" ? currencySuffix : /[%p]/.test(type) ? percent : \"\";\n\n    // What format function should we use?\n    // Is this an integer type?\n    // Can this type generate exponential notation?\n    var formatType = formatTypes[type],\n      maybeSuffix = /[defgprs%]/.test(type);\n\n    // Set the default precision if not specified,\n    // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range.\n    // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21].\n    // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20].\n    precision = precision === undefined ? 6 : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision)) : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision));\n    function format(value) {\n      var valuePrefix = prefix,\n        valueSuffix = suffix,\n        i,\n        n,\n        c;\n      if (type === \"c\") {\n        valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix;\n        value = \"\";\n      } else {\n        value = +value;\n\n        // Determine the sign. -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is!\n        var valueNegative = value < 0 || 1 / value < 0;\n\n        // Perform the initial formatting.\n        value = isNaN(value) ? nan : formatType(Math.abs(value), precision);\n\n        // Trim insignificant zeros.\n        if (trim) value = formatTrim(value);\n\n        // If a negative value rounds to zero after formatting, and no explicit positive sign is requested, hide the sign.\n        if (valueNegative && +value === 0 && sign !== \"+\") valueNegative = false;\n\n        // Compute the prefix and suffix.\n        valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? sign === \"(\" ? sign : minus : sign === \"-\" || sign === \"(\" ? \"\" : sign) + valuePrefix;\n        valueSuffix = (type === \"s\" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : \"\") + valueSuffix + (valueNegative && sign === \"(\" ? \")\" : \"\");\n\n        // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be\n        // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not.\n        if (maybeSuffix) {\n          i = -1, n = value.length;\n          while (++i < n) {\n            if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) {\n              valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix;\n              value = value.slice(0, i);\n              break;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      // If the fill character is not \"0\", grouping is applied before padding.\n      if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity);\n\n      // Compute the padding.\n      var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length,\n        padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : \"\";\n\n      // If the fill character is \"0\", grouping is applied after padding.\n      if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = \"\";\n\n      // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment.\n      switch (align) {\n        case \"<\":\n          value = valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding;\n          break;\n        case \"=\":\n          value = valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix;\n          break;\n        case \"^\":\n          value = padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length);\n          break;\n        default:\n          value = padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix;\n          break;\n      }\n      return numerals(value);\n    }\n    format.toString = function () {\n      return specifier + \"\";\n    };\n    return format;\n  }\n  function formatPrefix(specifier, value) {\n    var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = \"f\", specifier)),\n      e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3,\n      k = Math.pow(10, -e),\n      prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3];\n    return function (value) {\n      return f(k * value) + prefix;\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    format: newFormat,\n    formatPrefix: formatPrefix\n  };\n}","import formatLocale from \"./locale.js\";\nvar locale;\nexport var format;\nexport var formatPrefix;\ndefaultLocale({\n  thousands: \",\",\n  grouping: [3],\n  currency: [\"$\", \"\"]\n});\nexport default function defaultLocale(definition) {\n  locale = formatLocale(definition);\n  format = locale.format;\n  formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix;\n  return locale;\n}","export default function (grouping, thousands) {\n  return function (value, width) {\n    var i = value.length,\n      t = [],\n      j = 0,\n      g = grouping[0],\n      length = 0;\n    while (i > 0 && g > 0) {\n      if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length);\n      t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g));\n      if ((length += g + 1) > width) break;\n      g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length];\n    }\n    return t.reverse().join(thousands);\n  };\n}","export default function (numerals) {\n  return function (value) {\n    return value.replace(/[0-9]/g, function (i) {\n      return numerals[+i];\n    });\n  };\n}","// Trims insignificant zeros, e.g., replaces 1.2000k with 1.2k.\nexport default function (s) {\n  out: for (var n = s.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) {\n    switch (s[i]) {\n      case \".\":\n        i0 = i1 = i;\n        break;\n      case \"0\":\n        if (i0 === 0) i0 = i;\n        i1 = i;\n        break;\n      default:\n        if (!+s[i]) break out;\n        if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0;\n        break;\n    }\n  }\n  return i0 > 0 ? s.slice(0, i0) + s.slice(i1 + 1) : s;\n}","import { tickStep } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { format, formatPrefix, formatSpecifier, precisionFixed, precisionPrefix, precisionRound } from \"d3-format\";\nexport default function tickFormat(start, stop, count, specifier) {\n  var step = tickStep(start, stop, count),\n    precision;\n  specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? \",f\" : specifier);\n  switch (specifier.type) {\n    case \"s\":\n      {\n        var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop));\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision;\n        return formatPrefix(specifier, value);\n      }\n    case \"\":\n    case \"e\":\n    case \"g\":\n    case \"p\":\n    case \"r\":\n      {\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === \"e\");\n        break;\n      }\n    case \"f\":\n    case \"%\":\n      {\n        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === \"%\") * 2;\n        break;\n      }\n  }\n  return format(specifier);\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step, value) {\n  return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent(Math.abs(step)));\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step, max) {\n  step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step;\n  return Math.max(0, exponent(max) - exponent(step)) + 1;\n}","import exponent from \"./exponent.js\";\nexport default function (step) {\n  return Math.max(0, -exponent(Math.abs(step)));\n}","import { ticks, tickIncrement } from \"d3-array\";\nimport continuous, { copy } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport tickFormat from \"./tickFormat.js\";\nexport function linearish(scale) {\n  var domain = scale.domain;\n  scale.ticks = function (count) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count);\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return tickFormat(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count, specifier);\n  };\n  scale.nice = function (count) {\n    if (count == null) count = 10;\n    var d = domain();\n    var i0 = 0;\n    var i1 = d.length - 1;\n    var start = d[i0];\n    var stop = d[i1];\n    var prestep;\n    var step;\n    var maxIter = 10;\n    if (stop < start) {\n      step = start, start = stop, stop = step;\n      step = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = step;\n    }\n    while (maxIter-- > 0) {\n      step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count);\n      if (step === prestep) {\n        d[i0] = start;\n        d[i1] = stop;\n        return domain(d);\n      } else if (step > 0) {\n        start = Math.floor(start / step) * step;\n        stop = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;\n      } else if (step < 0) {\n        start = Math.ceil(start * step) / step;\n        stop = Math.floor(stop * step) / step;\n      } else {\n        break;\n      }\n      prestep = step;\n    }\n    return scale;\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function linear() {\n  var scale = continuous();\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, linear());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nexport default function identity(domain) {\n  var unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : x;\n  }\n  scale.invert = scale;\n  scale.domain = scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), scale) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return identity(domain).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  domain = arguments.length ? Array.from(domain, number) : [0, 1];\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","export default function nice(domain, interval) {\n  domain = domain.slice();\n  var i0 = 0,\n    i1 = domain.length - 1,\n    x0 = domain[i0],\n    x1 = domain[i1],\n    t;\n  if (x1 < x0) {\n    t = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = t;\n    t = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = t;\n  }\n  domain[i0] = interval.floor(x0);\n  domain[i1] = interval.ceil(x1);\n  return domain;\n}","import { ticks } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { format } from \"d3-format\";\nimport nice from \"./nice.js\";\nimport { copy, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformLog(x) {\n  return Math.log(x);\n}\nfunction transformExp(x) {\n  return Math.exp(x);\n}\nfunction transformLogn(x) {\n  return -Math.log(-x);\n}\nfunction transformExpn(x) {\n  return -Math.exp(-x);\n}\nfunction pow10(x) {\n  return isFinite(x) ? +(\"1e\" + x) : x < 0 ? 0 : x;\n}\nfunction powp(base) {\n  return base === 10 ? pow10 : base === Math.E ? Math.exp : function (x) {\n    return Math.pow(base, x);\n  };\n}\nfunction logp(base) {\n  return base === Math.E ? Math.log : base === 10 && Math.log10 || base === 2 && Math.log2 || (base = Math.log(base), function (x) {\n    return Math.log(x) / base;\n  });\n}\nfunction reflect(f) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return -f(-x);\n  };\n}\nexport function loggish(transform) {\n  var scale = transform(transformLog, transformExp),\n    domain = scale.domain,\n    base = 10,\n    logs,\n    pows;\n  function rescale() {\n    logs = logp(base), pows = powp(base);\n    if (domain()[0] < 0) {\n      logs = reflect(logs), pows = reflect(pows);\n      transform(transformLogn, transformExpn);\n    } else {\n      transform(transformLog, transformExp);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  scale.base = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (base = +_, rescale()) : base;\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();\n  };\n  scale.ticks = function (count) {\n    var d = domain(),\n      u = d[0],\n      v = d[d.length - 1],\n      r;\n    if (r = v < u) i = u, u = v, v = i;\n    var i = logs(u),\n      j = logs(v),\n      p,\n      k,\n      t,\n      n = count == null ? 10 : +count,\n      z = [];\n    if (!(base % 1) && j - i < n) {\n      i = Math.floor(i), j = Math.ceil(j);\n      if (u > 0) for (; i <= j; ++i) {\n        for (k = 1, p = pows(i); k < base; ++k) {\n          t = p * k;\n          if (t < u) continue;\n          if (t > v) break;\n          z.push(t);\n        }\n      } else for (; i <= j; ++i) {\n        for (k = base - 1, p = pows(i); k >= 1; --k) {\n          t = p * k;\n          if (t < u) continue;\n          if (t > v) break;\n          z.push(t);\n        }\n      }\n      if (z.length * 2 < n) z = ticks(u, v, n);\n    } else {\n      z = ticks(i, j, Math.min(j - i, n)).map(pows);\n    }\n    return r ? z.reverse() : z;\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    if (specifier == null) specifier = base === 10 ? \".0e\" : \",\";\n    if (typeof specifier !== \"function\") specifier = format(specifier);\n    if (count === Infinity) return specifier;\n    if (count == null) count = 10;\n    var k = Math.max(1, base * count / scale.ticks().length); // TODO fast estimate?\n    return function (d) {\n      var i = d / pows(Math.round(logs(d)));\n      if (i * base < base - 0.5) i *= base;\n      return i <= k ? specifier(d) : \"\";\n    };\n  };\n  scale.nice = function () {\n    return domain(nice(domain(), {\n      floor: function floor(x) {\n        return pows(Math.floor(logs(x)));\n      },\n      ceil: function ceil(x) {\n        return pows(Math.ceil(logs(x)));\n      }\n    }));\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function log() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, log()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { copy, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformSymlog(c) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.sign(x) * Math.log1p(Math.abs(x / c));\n  };\n}\nfunction transformSymexp(c) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return Math.sign(x) * Math.expm1(Math.abs(x)) * c;\n  };\n}\nexport function symlogish(transform) {\n  var c = 1,\n    scale = transform(transformSymlog(c), transformSymexp(c));\n  scale.constant = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? transform(transformSymlog(c = +_), transformSymexp(c)) : c;\n  };\n  return linearish(scale);\n}\nexport default function symlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, symlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { copy, identity, transformer } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nfunction transformPow(exponent) {\n  return function (x) {\n    return x < 0 ? -Math.pow(-x, exponent) : Math.pow(x, exponent);\n  };\n}\nfunction transformSqrt(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -Math.sqrt(-x) : Math.sqrt(x);\n}\nfunction transformSquare(x) {\n  return x < 0 ? -x * x : x * x;\n}\nexport function powish(transform) {\n  var scale = transform(identity, identity),\n    exponent = 1;\n  function rescale() {\n    return exponent === 1 ? transform(identity, identity) : exponent === 0.5 ? transform(transformSqrt, transformSquare) : transform(transformPow(exponent), transformPow(1 / exponent));\n  }\n  scale.exponent = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (exponent = +_, rescale()) : exponent;\n  };\n  return linearish(scale);\n}\nexport default function pow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, pow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return scale;\n}\nexport function sqrt() {\n  return pow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","import continuous from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport number from \"./number.js\";\nfunction square(x) {\n  return Math.sign(x) * x * x;\n}\nfunction unsquare(x) {\n  return Math.sign(x) * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));\n}\nexport default function radial() {\n  var squared = continuous(),\n    range = [0, 1],\n    round = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    var y = unsquare(squared(x));\n    return isNaN(y) ? unknown : round ? Math.round(y) : y;\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return squared.invert(square(y));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.domain(_), scale) : squared.domain();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.range((range = Array.from(_, number)).map(square)), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.rangeRound = function (_) {\n    return scale.range(_).round(true);\n  };\n  scale.round = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (round = !!_, scale) : round;\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (squared.clamp(_), scale) : squared.clamp();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return radial(squared.domain(), range).round(round).clamp(squared.clamp()).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n  return linearish(scale);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function max(values, valueof) {\n  var max;\n  if (valueof === undefined) {\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        if (value != null && (max < value || max === undefined && value >= value)) {\n          max = value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n  } else {\n    var index = -1;\n    var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step2;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {\n        var _value = _step2.value;\n        if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (max < _value || max === undefined && _value >= _value)) {\n          max = _value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator2.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator2.f();\n    }\n  }\n  return max;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nexport default function min(values, valueof) {\n  var min;\n  if (valueof === undefined) {\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var value = _step.value;\n        if (value != null && (min > value || min === undefined && value >= value)) {\n          min = value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n  } else {\n    var index = -1;\n    var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(values),\n      _step2;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {\n        var _value = _step2.value;\n        if ((_value = valueof(_value, ++index, values)) != null && (min > _value || min === undefined && _value >= _value)) {\n          min = _value;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator2.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator2.f();\n    }\n  }\n  return min;\n}","import ascending from \"./ascending.js\";\n\n// Based on https://github.com/mourner/quickselect\n// ISC license, Copyright 2018 Vladimir Agafonkin.\nexport default function quickselect(array, k) {\n  var left = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : 0;\n  var right = arguments.length > 3 && arguments[3] !== undefined ? arguments[3] : array.length - 1;\n  var compare = arguments.length > 4 && arguments[4] !== undefined ? arguments[4] : ascending;\n  while (right > left) {\n    if (right - left > 600) {\n      var n = right - left + 1;\n      var m = k - left + 1;\n      var z = Math.log(n);\n      var s = 0.5 * Math.exp(2 * z / 3);\n      var sd = 0.5 * Math.sqrt(z * s * (n - s) / n) * (m - n / 2 < 0 ? -1 : 1);\n      var newLeft = Math.max(left, Math.floor(k - m * s / n + sd));\n      var newRight = Math.min(right, Math.floor(k + (n - m) * s / n + sd));\n      quickselect(array, k, newLeft, newRight, compare);\n    }\n    var t = array[k];\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    swap(array, left, k);\n    if (compare(array[right], t) > 0) swap(array, left, right);\n    while (i < j) {\n      swap(array, i, j), ++i, --j;\n      while (compare(array[i], t) < 0) {\n        ++i;\n      }\n      while (compare(array[j], t) > 0) {\n        --j;\n      }\n    }\n    if (compare(array[left], t) === 0) swap(array, left, j);else ++j, swap(array, j, right);\n    if (j <= k) left = j + 1;\n    if (k <= j) right = j - 1;\n  }\n  return array;\n}\nfunction swap(array, i, j) {\n  var t = array[i];\n  array[i] = array[j];\n  array[j] = t;\n}","import max from \"./max.js\";\nimport min from \"./min.js\";\nimport quickselect from \"./quickselect.js\";\nimport number, { numbers } from \"./number.js\";\nexport default function quantile(values, p, valueof) {\n  values = Float64Array.from(numbers(values, valueof));\n  if (!(n = values.length)) return;\n  if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return min(values);\n  if (p >= 1) return max(values);\n  var n,\n    i = (n - 1) * p,\n    i0 = Math.floor(i),\n    value0 = max(quickselect(values, i0).subarray(0, i0 + 1)),\n    value1 = min(values.subarray(i0 + 1));\n  return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);\n}\nexport function quantileSorted(values, p) {\n  var valueof = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : number;\n  if (!(n = values.length)) return;\n  if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return +valueof(values[0], 0, values);\n  if (p >= 1) return +valueof(values[n - 1], n - 1, values);\n  var n,\n    i = (n - 1) * p,\n    i0 = Math.floor(i),\n    value0 = +valueof(values[i0], i0, values),\n    value1 = +valueof(values[i0 + 1], i0 + 1, values);\n  return value0 + (value1 - value0) * (i - i0);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { ascending, bisect, quantileSorted as threshold } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function quantile() {\n  var domain = [],\n    range = [],\n    thresholds = [],\n    unknown;\n  function rescale() {\n    var i = 0,\n      n = Math.max(1, range.length);\n    thresholds = new Array(n - 1);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      thresholds[i - 1] = threshold(domain, i / n);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : range[bisect(thresholds, x)];\n  }\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : [i > 0 ? thresholds[i - 1] : domain[0], i < thresholds.length ? thresholds[i] : domain[domain.length - 1]];\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [];\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        if (d != null && !isNaN(d = +d)) domain.push(d);\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    domain.sort(ascending);\n    return rescale();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.quantiles = function () {\n    return thresholds.slice();\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return quantile().domain(domain).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function quantize() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 1,\n    n = 1,\n    domain = [0.5],\n    range = [0, 1],\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x != null && x <= x ? range[bisect(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;\n  }\n  function rescale() {\n    var i = -1;\n    domain = new Array(n);\n    while (++i < n) {\n      domain[i] = ((i + 1) * x1 - (i - n) * x0) / (n + 1);\n    }\n    return scale;\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1]), x0 = +x0, x1 = +x1, rescale()) : [x0, x1];\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (n = (range = Array.from(_)).length - 1, rescale()) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : i < 1 ? [x0, domain[0]] : i >= n ? [domain[n - 1], x1] : [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : scale;\n  };\n  scale.thresholds = function () {\n    return domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return quantize().domain([x0, x1]).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(linearish(scale), arguments);\n}","import { bisect } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function threshold() {\n  var domain = [0.5],\n    range = [0, 1],\n    unknown,\n    n = 1;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x != null && x <= x ? range[bisect(domain, x, 0, n)] : unknown;\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : domain.slice();\n  };\n  scale.range = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : range.slice();\n  };\n  scale.invertExtent = function (y) {\n    var i = range.indexOf(y);\n    return [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];\n  };\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return threshold().domain(domain).range(range).unknown(unknown);\n  };\n  return initRange.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","export var durationSecond = 1000;\nexport var durationMinute = durationSecond * 60;\nexport var durationHour = durationMinute * 60;\nexport var durationDay = durationHour * 24;\nexport var durationWeek = durationDay * 7;\nexport var durationMonth = durationDay * 30;\nexport var durationYear = durationDay * 365;","var t0 = new Date(),\n  t1 = new Date();\nexport default function newInterval(floori, offseti, count, field) {\n  function interval(date) {\n    return floori(date = arguments.length === 0 ? new Date() : new Date(+date)), date;\n  }\n  interval.floor = function (date) {\n    return floori(date = new Date(+date)), date;\n  };\n  interval.ceil = function (date) {\n    return floori(date = new Date(date - 1)), offseti(date, 1), floori(date), date;\n  };\n  interval.round = function (date) {\n    var d0 = interval(date),\n      d1 = interval.ceil(date);\n    return date - d0 < d1 - date ? d0 : d1;\n  };\n  interval.offset = function (date, step) {\n    return offseti(date = new Date(+date), step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step)), date;\n  };\n  interval.range = function (start, stop, step) {\n    var range = [],\n      previous;\n    start = interval.ceil(start);\n    step = step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step);\n    if (!(start < stop) || !(step > 0)) return range; // also handles Invalid Date\n    do {\n      range.push(previous = new Date(+start)), offseti(start, step), floori(start);\n    } while (previous < start && start < stop);\n    return range;\n  };\n  interval.filter = function (test) {\n    return newInterval(function (date) {\n      if (date >= date) while (floori(date), !test(date)) {\n        date.setTime(date - 1);\n      }\n    }, function (date, step) {\n      if (date >= date) {\n        if (step < 0) while (++step <= 0) {\n          while (offseti(date, -1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty\n        } else while (--step >= 0) {\n          while (offseti(date, +1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty\n        }\n      }\n    });\n  };\n\n  if (count) {\n    interval.count = function (start, end) {\n      t0.setTime(+start), t1.setTime(+end);\n      floori(t0), floori(t1);\n      return Math.floor(count(t0, t1));\n    };\n    interval.every = function (step) {\n      step = Math.floor(step);\n      return !isFinite(step) || !(step > 0) ? null : !(step > 1) ? interval : interval.filter(field ? function (d) {\n        return field(d) % step === 0;\n      } : function (d) {\n        return interval.count(0, d) % step === 0;\n      });\n    };\n  }\n  return interval;\n}","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar millisecond = interval(function () {\n  // noop\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end - start;\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nmillisecond.every = function (k) {\n  k = Math.floor(k);\n  if (!isFinite(k) || !(k > 0)) return null;\n  if (!(k > 1)) return millisecond;\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setTime(Math.floor(date / k) * k);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setTime(+date + step * k);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start) / k;\n  });\n};\nexport default millisecond;\nexport var milliseconds = millisecond.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar second = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds());\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationSecond);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationSecond;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCSeconds();\n});\nexport default second;\nexport var seconds = second.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute, durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar minute = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationMinute;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getMinutes();\n});\nexport default minute;\nexport var minutes = minute.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationHour, durationMinute, durationSecond } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar hour = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond - date.getMinutes() * durationMinute);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationHour;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getHours();\n});\nexport default hour;\nexport var hours = hour.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationDay, durationMinute } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar day = interval(function (date) {\n  return date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  return date.setDate(date.getDate() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationDay;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getDate() - 1;\n});\nexport default day;\nexport var days = day.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute, durationWeek } from \"./duration.js\";\nfunction weekday(i) {\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setDate(date.getDate() - (date.getDay() + 7 - i) % 7);\n    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setDate(date.getDate() + step * 7);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationWeek;\n  });\n}\nexport var sunday = weekday(0);\nexport var monday = weekday(1);\nexport var tuesday = weekday(2);\nexport var wednesday = weekday(3);\nexport var thursday = weekday(4);\nexport var friday = weekday(5);\nexport var saturday = weekday(6);\nexport var sundays = sunday.range;\nexport var mondays = monday.range;\nexport var tuesdays = tuesday.range;\nexport var wednesdays = wednesday.range;\nexport var thursdays = thursday.range;\nexport var fridays = friday.range;\nexport var saturdays = saturday.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar month = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setDate(1);\n  date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setMonth(date.getMonth() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getMonth() - start.getMonth() + (end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear()) * 12;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getMonth();\n});\nexport default month;\nexport var months = month.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar year = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setMonth(0, 1);\n  date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear();\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getFullYear();\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nyear.every = function (k) {\n  return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : interval(function (date) {\n    date.setFullYear(Math.floor(date.getFullYear() / k) * k);\n    date.setMonth(0, 1);\n    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step * k);\n  });\n};\nexport default year;\nexport var years = year.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationMinute } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcMinute = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCSeconds(0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationMinute;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCMinutes();\n});\nexport default utcMinute;\nexport var utcMinutes = utcMinute.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationHour } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcHour = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCMinutes(0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationHour;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCHours();\n});\nexport default utcHour;\nexport var utcHours = utcHour.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationDay } from \"./duration.js\";\nvar utcDay = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return (end - start) / durationDay;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCDate() - 1;\n});\nexport default utcDay;\nexport var utcDays = utcDay.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nimport { durationWeek } from \"./duration.js\";\nfunction utcWeekday(i) {\n  return interval(function (date) {\n    date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() - (date.getUTCDay() + 7 - i) % 7);\n    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step * 7);\n  }, function (start, end) {\n    return (end - start) / durationWeek;\n  });\n}\nexport var utcSunday = utcWeekday(0);\nexport var utcMonday = utcWeekday(1);\nexport var utcTuesday = utcWeekday(2);\nexport var utcWednesday = utcWeekday(3);\nexport var utcThursday = utcWeekday(4);\nexport var utcFriday = utcWeekday(5);\nexport var utcSaturday = utcWeekday(6);\nexport var utcSundays = utcSunday.range;\nexport var utcMondays = utcMonday.range;\nexport var utcTuesdays = utcTuesday.range;\nexport var utcWednesdays = utcWednesday.range;\nexport var utcThursdays = utcThursday.range;\nexport var utcFridays = utcFriday.range;\nexport var utcSaturdays = utcSaturday.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar utcMonth = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCDate(1);\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCMonth(date.getUTCMonth() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getUTCMonth() - start.getUTCMonth() + (end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear()) * 12;\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCMonth();\n});\nexport default utcMonth;\nexport var utcMonths = utcMonth.range;","import interval from \"./interval.js\";\nvar utcYear = interval(function (date) {\n  date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);\n  date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n}, function (date, step) {\n  date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step);\n}, function (start, end) {\n  return end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear();\n}, function (date) {\n  return date.getUTCFullYear();\n});\n\n// An optimized implementation for this simple case.\nutcYear.every = function (k) {\n  return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : interval(function (date) {\n    date.setUTCFullYear(Math.floor(date.getUTCFullYear() / k) * k);\n    date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);\n    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }, function (date, step) {\n    date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step * k);\n  });\n};\nexport default utcYear;\nexport var utcYears = utcYear.range;","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { bisector, tickStep } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { durationDay, durationHour, durationMinute, durationMonth, durationSecond, durationWeek, durationYear } from \"./duration.js\";\nimport millisecond from \"./millisecond.js\";\nimport second from \"./second.js\";\nimport minute from \"./minute.js\";\nimport hour from \"./hour.js\";\nimport day from \"./day.js\";\nimport { sunday as week } from \"./week.js\";\nimport month from \"./month.js\";\nimport year from \"./year.js\";\nimport utcMinute from \"./utcMinute.js\";\nimport utcHour from \"./utcHour.js\";\nimport utcDay from \"./utcDay.js\";\nimport { utcSunday as utcWeek } from \"./utcWeek.js\";\nimport utcMonth from \"./utcMonth.js\";\nimport utcYear from \"./utcYear.js\";\nfunction ticker(year, month, week, day, hour, minute) {\n  var tickIntervals = [[second, 1, durationSecond], [second, 5, 5 * durationSecond], [second, 15, 15 * durationSecond], [second, 30, 30 * durationSecond], [minute, 1, durationMinute], [minute, 5, 5 * durationMinute], [minute, 15, 15 * durationMinute], [minute, 30, 30 * durationMinute], [hour, 1, durationHour], [hour, 3, 3 * durationHour], [hour, 6, 6 * durationHour], [hour, 12, 12 * durationHour], [day, 1, durationDay], [day, 2, 2 * durationDay], [week, 1, durationWeek], [month, 1, durationMonth], [month, 3, 3 * durationMonth], [year, 1, durationYear]];\n  function ticks(start, stop, count) {\n    var reverse = stop < start;\n    if (reverse) {\n      var _ref = [stop, start];\n      start = _ref[0];\n      stop = _ref[1];\n    }\n    var interval = count && typeof count.range === \"function\" ? count : tickInterval(start, stop, count);\n    var ticks = interval ? interval.range(start, +stop + 1) : []; // inclusive stop\n    return reverse ? ticks.reverse() : ticks;\n  }\n  function tickInterval(start, stop, count) {\n    var target = Math.abs(stop - start) / count;\n    var i = bisector(function (_ref2) {\n      var _ref3 = _slicedToArray(_ref2, 3),\n        step = _ref3[2];\n      return step;\n    }).right(tickIntervals, target);\n    if (i === tickIntervals.length) return year.every(tickStep(start / durationYear, stop / durationYear, count));\n    if (i === 0) return millisecond.every(Math.max(tickStep(start, stop, count), 1));\n    var _tickIntervals = _slicedToArray(tickIntervals[target / tickIntervals[i - 1][2] < tickIntervals[i][2] / target ? i - 1 : i], 2),\n      t = _tickIntervals[0],\n      step = _tickIntervals[1];\n    return t.every(step);\n  }\n  return [ticks, tickInterval];\n}\nvar _ticker = ticker(utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute),\n  _ticker2 = _slicedToArray(_ticker, 2),\n  utcTicks = _ticker2[0],\n  utcTickInterval = _ticker2[1];\nvar _ticker3 = ticker(year, month, week, day, hour, minute),\n  _ticker4 = _slicedToArray(_ticker3, 2),\n  timeTicks = _ticker4[0],\n  timeTickInterval = _ticker4[1];\nexport { utcTicks, utcTickInterval, timeTicks, timeTickInterval };","import { timeDay, timeSunday, timeMonday, timeThursday, timeYear, utcDay, utcSunday, utcMonday, utcThursday, utcYear } from \"d3-time\";\nfunction localDate(d) {\n  if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {\n    var date = new Date(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);\n    date.setFullYear(d.y);\n    return date;\n  }\n  return new Date(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);\n}\nfunction utcDate(d) {\n  if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {\n    var date = new Date(Date.UTC(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));\n    date.setUTCFullYear(d.y);\n    return date;\n  }\n  return new Date(Date.UTC(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));\n}\nfunction newDate(y, m, d) {\n  return {\n    y: y,\n    m: m,\n    d: d,\n    H: 0,\n    M: 0,\n    S: 0,\n    L: 0\n  };\n}\nexport default function formatLocale(locale) {\n  var locale_dateTime = locale.dateTime,\n    locale_date = locale.date,\n    locale_time = locale.time,\n    locale_periods = locale.periods,\n    locale_weekdays = locale.days,\n    locale_shortWeekdays = locale.shortDays,\n    locale_months = locale.months,\n    locale_shortMonths = locale.shortMonths;\n  var periodRe = formatRe(locale_periods),\n    periodLookup = formatLookup(locale_periods),\n    weekdayRe = formatRe(locale_weekdays),\n    weekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_weekdays),\n    shortWeekdayRe = formatRe(locale_shortWeekdays),\n    shortWeekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortWeekdays),\n    monthRe = formatRe(locale_months),\n    monthLookup = formatLookup(locale_months),\n    shortMonthRe = formatRe(locale_shortMonths),\n    shortMonthLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortMonths);\n  var formats = {\n    \"a\": formatShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": formatWeekday,\n    \"b\": formatShortMonth,\n    \"B\": formatMonth,\n    \"c\": null,\n    \"d\": formatDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": formatDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": formatMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": formatYearISO,\n    \"G\": formatFullYearISO,\n    \"H\": formatHour24,\n    \"I\": formatHour12,\n    \"j\": formatDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": formatMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": formatMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": formatMinutes,\n    \"p\": formatPeriod,\n    \"q\": formatQuarter,\n    \"Q\": formatUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": formatUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": formatSeconds,\n    \"u\": formatWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": formatWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": formatWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": formatWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": formatWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": null,\n    \"X\": null,\n    \"y\": formatYear,\n    \"Y\": formatFullYear,\n    \"Z\": formatZone,\n    \"%\": formatLiteralPercent\n  };\n  var utcFormats = {\n    \"a\": formatUTCShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": formatUTCWeekday,\n    \"b\": formatUTCShortMonth,\n    \"B\": formatUTCMonth,\n    \"c\": null,\n    \"d\": formatUTCDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": formatUTCDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": formatUTCMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": formatUTCYearISO,\n    \"G\": formatUTCFullYearISO,\n    \"H\": formatUTCHour24,\n    \"I\": formatUTCHour12,\n    \"j\": formatUTCDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": formatUTCMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": formatUTCMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": formatUTCMinutes,\n    \"p\": formatUTCPeriod,\n    \"q\": formatUTCQuarter,\n    \"Q\": formatUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": formatUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": formatUTCSeconds,\n    \"u\": formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": formatUTCWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": formatUTCWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": formatUTCWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": null,\n    \"X\": null,\n    \"y\": formatUTCYear,\n    \"Y\": formatUTCFullYear,\n    \"Z\": formatUTCZone,\n    \"%\": formatLiteralPercent\n  };\n  var parses = {\n    \"a\": parseShortWeekday,\n    \"A\": parseWeekday,\n    \"b\": parseShortMonth,\n    \"B\": parseMonth,\n    \"c\": parseLocaleDateTime,\n    \"d\": parseDayOfMonth,\n    \"e\": parseDayOfMonth,\n    \"f\": parseMicroseconds,\n    \"g\": parseYear,\n    \"G\": parseFullYear,\n    \"H\": parseHour24,\n    \"I\": parseHour24,\n    \"j\": parseDayOfYear,\n    \"L\": parseMilliseconds,\n    \"m\": parseMonthNumber,\n    \"M\": parseMinutes,\n    \"p\": parsePeriod,\n    \"q\": parseQuarter,\n    \"Q\": parseUnixTimestamp,\n    \"s\": parseUnixTimestampSeconds,\n    \"S\": parseSeconds,\n    \"u\": parseWeekdayNumberMonday,\n    \"U\": parseWeekNumberSunday,\n    \"V\": parseWeekNumberISO,\n    \"w\": parseWeekdayNumberSunday,\n    \"W\": parseWeekNumberMonday,\n    \"x\": parseLocaleDate,\n    \"X\": parseLocaleTime,\n    \"y\": parseYear,\n    \"Y\": parseFullYear,\n    \"Z\": parseZone,\n    \"%\": parseLiteralPercent\n  };\n\n  // These recursive directive definitions must be deferred.\n  formats.x = newFormat(locale_date, formats);\n  formats.X = newFormat(locale_time, formats);\n  formats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, formats);\n  utcFormats.x = newFormat(locale_date, utcFormats);\n  utcFormats.X = newFormat(locale_time, utcFormats);\n  utcFormats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, utcFormats);\n  function newFormat(specifier, formats) {\n    return function (date) {\n      var string = [],\n        i = -1,\n        j = 0,\n        n = specifier.length,\n        c,\n        pad,\n        format;\n      if (!(date instanceof Date)) date = new Date(+date);\n      while (++i < n) {\n        if (specifier.charCodeAt(i) === 37) {\n          string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));\n          if ((pad = pads[c = specifier.charAt(++i)]) != null) c = specifier.charAt(++i);else pad = c === \"e\" ? \" \" : \"0\";\n          if (format = formats[c]) c = format(date, pad);\n          string.push(c);\n          j = i + 1;\n        }\n      }\n      string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));\n      return string.join(\"\");\n    };\n  }\n  function newParse(specifier, Z) {\n    return function (string) {\n      var d = newDate(1900, undefined, 1),\n        i = parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string += \"\", 0),\n        week,\n        day;\n      if (i != string.length) return null;\n\n      // If a UNIX timestamp is specified, return it.\n      if (\"Q\" in d) return new Date(d.Q);\n      if (\"s\" in d) return new Date(d.s * 1000 + (\"L\" in d ? d.L : 0));\n\n      // If this is utcParse, never use the local timezone.\n      if (Z && !(\"Z\" in d)) d.Z = 0;\n\n      // The am-pm flag is 0 for AM, and 1 for PM.\n      if (\"p\" in d) d.H = d.H % 12 + d.p * 12;\n\n      // If the month was not specified, inherit from the quarter.\n      if (d.m === undefined) d.m = \"q\" in d ? d.q : 0;\n\n      // Convert day-of-week and week-of-year to day-of-year.\n      if (\"V\" in d) {\n        if (d.V < 1 || d.V > 53) return null;\n        if (!(\"w\" in d)) d.w = 1;\n        if (\"Z\" in d) {\n          week = utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day = week.getUTCDay();\n          week = day > 4 || day === 0 ? utcMonday.ceil(week) : utcMonday(week);\n          week = utcDay.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7);\n          d.y = week.getUTCFullYear();\n          d.m = week.getUTCMonth();\n          d.d = week.getUTCDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7;\n        } else {\n          week = localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day = week.getDay();\n          week = day > 4 || day === 0 ? timeMonday.ceil(week) : timeMonday(week);\n          week = timeDay.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7);\n          d.y = week.getFullYear();\n          d.m = week.getMonth();\n          d.d = week.getDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7;\n        }\n      } else if (\"W\" in d || \"U\" in d) {\n        if (!(\"w\" in d)) d.w = \"u\" in d ? d.u % 7 : \"W\" in d ? 1 : 0;\n        day = \"Z\" in d ? utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getUTCDay() : localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getDay();\n        d.m = 0;\n        d.d = \"W\" in d ? (d.w + 6) % 7 + d.W * 7 - (day + 5) % 7 : d.w + d.U * 7 - (day + 6) % 7;\n      }\n\n      // If a time zone is specified, all fields are interpreted as UTC and then\n      // offset according to the specified time zone.\n      if (\"Z\" in d) {\n        d.H += d.Z / 100 | 0;\n        d.M += d.Z % 100;\n        return utcDate(d);\n      }\n\n      // Otherwise, all fields are in local time.\n      return localDate(d);\n    };\n  }\n  function parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string, j) {\n    var i = 0,\n      n = specifier.length,\n      m = string.length,\n      c,\n      parse;\n    while (i < n) {\n      if (j >= m) return -1;\n      c = specifier.charCodeAt(i++);\n      if (c === 37) {\n        c = specifier.charAt(i++);\n        parse = parses[c in pads ? specifier.charAt(i++) : c];\n        if (!parse || (j = parse(d, string, j)) < 0) return -1;\n      } else if (c != string.charCodeAt(j++)) {\n        return -1;\n      }\n    }\n    return j;\n  }\n  function parsePeriod(d, string, i) {\n    var n = periodRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.p = periodLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseShortWeekday(d, string, i) {\n    var n = shortWeekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.w = shortWeekdayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseWeekday(d, string, i) {\n    var n = weekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.w = weekdayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseShortMonth(d, string, i) {\n    var n = shortMonthRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.m = shortMonthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseMonth(d, string, i) {\n    var n = monthRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n    return n ? (d.m = monthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n  }\n  function parseLocaleDateTime(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_dateTime, string, i);\n  }\n  function parseLocaleDate(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_date, string, i);\n  }\n  function parseLocaleTime(d, string, i) {\n    return parseSpecifier(d, locale_time, string, i);\n  }\n  function formatShortWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getDay()];\n  }\n  function formatWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_weekdays[d.getDay()];\n  }\n  function formatShortMonth(d) {\n    return locale_shortMonths[d.getMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatMonth(d) {\n    return locale_months[d.getMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatPeriod(d) {\n    return locale_periods[+(d.getHours() >= 12)];\n  }\n  function formatQuarter(d) {\n    return 1 + ~~(d.getMonth() / 3);\n  }\n  function formatUTCShortWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getUTCDay()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCWeekday(d) {\n    return locale_weekdays[d.getUTCDay()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCShortMonth(d) {\n    return locale_shortMonths[d.getUTCMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCMonth(d) {\n    return locale_months[d.getUTCMonth()];\n  }\n  function formatUTCPeriod(d) {\n    return locale_periods[+(d.getUTCHours() >= 12)];\n  }\n  function formatUTCQuarter(d) {\n    return 1 + ~~(d.getUTCMonth() / 3);\n  }\n  return {\n    format: function format(specifier) {\n      var f = newFormat(specifier += \"\", formats);\n      f.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return f;\n    },\n    parse: function parse(specifier) {\n      var p = newParse(specifier += \"\", false);\n      p.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return p;\n    },\n    utcFormat: function utcFormat(specifier) {\n      var f = newFormat(specifier += \"\", utcFormats);\n      f.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return f;\n    },\n    utcParse: function utcParse(specifier) {\n      var p = newParse(specifier += \"\", true);\n      p.toString = function () {\n        return specifier;\n      };\n      return p;\n    }\n  };\n}\nvar pads = {\n    \"-\": \"\",\n    \"_\": \" \",\n    \"0\": \"0\"\n  },\n  numberRe = /^\\s*\\d+/,\n  // note: ignores next directive\n  percentRe = /^%/,\n  requoteRe = /[\\\\^$*+?|[\\]().{}]/g;\nfunction pad(value, fill, width) {\n  var sign = value < 0 ? \"-\" : \"\",\n    string = (sign ? -value : value) + \"\",\n    length = string.length;\n  return sign + (length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + string : string);\n}\nfunction requote(s) {\n  return s.replace(requoteRe, \"\\\\$&\");\n}\nfunction formatRe(names) {\n  return new RegExp(\"^(?:\" + names.map(requote).join(\"|\") + \")\", \"i\");\n}\nfunction formatLookup(names) {\n  return new Map(names.map(function (name, i) {\n    return [name.toLowerCase(), i];\n  }));\n}\nfunction parseWeekdayNumberSunday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.w = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekdayNumberMonday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.u = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberSunday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.U = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberISO(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.V = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseWeekNumberMonday(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.W = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseFullYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 4));\n  return n ? (d.y = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.y = +n[0] + (+n[0] > 68 ? 1900 : 2000), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseZone(d, string, i) {\n  var n = /^(Z)|([+-]\\d\\d)(?::?(\\d\\d))?/.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6));\n  return n ? (d.Z = n[1] ? 0 : -(n[2] + (n[3] || \"00\")), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseQuarter(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? (d.q = n[0] * 3 - 3, i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMonthNumber(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.m = n[0] - 1, i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseDayOfMonth(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseDayOfYear(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));\n  return n ? (d.m = 0, d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseHour24(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.H = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMinutes(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.M = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseSeconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));\n  return n ? (d.S = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMilliseconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));\n  return n ? (d.L = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseMicroseconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6));\n  return n ? (d.L = Math.floor(n[0] / 1000), i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseLiteralPercent(d, string, i) {\n  var n = percentRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));\n  return n ? i + n[0].length : -1;\n}\nfunction parseUnixTimestamp(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n  return n ? (d.Q = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction parseUnixTimestampSeconds(d, string, i) {\n  var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));\n  return n ? (d.s = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;\n}\nfunction formatDayOfMonth(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getDate(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatHour24(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getHours(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatHour12(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatDayOfYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(1 + timeDay.count(timeYear(d), d), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatMilliseconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMilliseconds(), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatMicroseconds(d, p) {\n  return formatMilliseconds(d, p) + \"000\";\n}\nfunction formatMonthNumber(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMonth() + 1, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatMinutes(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getMinutes(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatSeconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getSeconds(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatWeekdayNumberMonday(d) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  return day === 0 ? 7 : day;\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {\n  return pad(timeSunday.count(timeYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction dISO(d) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  return day >= 4 || day === 0 ? timeThursday(d) : timeThursday.ceil(d);\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberISO(d, p) {\n  d = dISO(d);\n  return pad(timeThursday.count(timeYear(d), d) + (timeYear(d).getDay() === 4), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatWeekdayNumberSunday(d) {\n  return d.getDay();\n}\nfunction formatWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {\n  return pad(timeMonday.count(timeYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatYearISO(d, p) {\n  d = dISO(d);\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatFullYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatFullYearISO(d, p) {\n  var day = d.getDay();\n  d = day >= 4 || day === 0 ? timeThursday(d) : timeThursday.ceil(d);\n  return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatZone(d) {\n  var z = d.getTimezoneOffset();\n  return (z > 0 ? \"-\" : (z *= -1, \"+\")) + pad(z / 60 | 0, \"0\", 2) + pad(z % 60, \"0\", 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCDayOfMonth(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCDate(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCHour24(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCHours(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCHour12(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCDayOfYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(1 + utcDay.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMilliseconds(), p, 3);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMicroseconds(d, p) {\n  return formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) + \"000\";\n}\nfunction formatUTCMonthNumber(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCMinutes(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCMinutes(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCSeconds(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCSeconds(), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday(d) {\n  var dow = d.getUTCDay();\n  return dow === 0 ? 7 : dow;\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {\n  return pad(utcSunday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction UTCdISO(d) {\n  var day = d.getUTCDay();\n  return day >= 4 || day === 0 ? utcThursday(d) : utcThursday.ceil(d);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberISO(d, p) {\n  d = UTCdISO(d);\n  return pad(utcThursday.count(utcYear(d), d) + (utcYear(d).getUTCDay() === 4), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday(d) {\n  return d.getUTCDay();\n}\nfunction formatUTCWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {\n  return pad(utcMonday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCYearISO(d, p) {\n  d = UTCdISO(d);\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2);\n}\nfunction formatUTCFullYear(d, p) {\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatUTCFullYearISO(d, p) {\n  var day = d.getUTCDay();\n  d = day >= 4 || day === 0 ? utcThursday(d) : utcThursday.ceil(d);\n  return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);\n}\nfunction formatUTCZone() {\n  return \"+0000\";\n}\nfunction formatLiteralPercent() {\n  return \"%\";\n}\nfunction formatUnixTimestamp(d) {\n  return +d;\n}\nfunction formatUnixTimestampSeconds(d) {\n  return Math.floor(+d / 1000);\n}","import formatLocale from \"./locale.js\";\nvar locale;\nexport var timeFormat;\nexport var timeParse;\nexport var utcFormat;\nexport var utcParse;\ndefaultLocale({\n  dateTime: \"%x, %X\",\n  date: \"%-m/%-d/%Y\",\n  time: \"%-I:%M:%S %p\",\n  periods: [\"AM\", \"PM\"],\n  days: [\"Sunday\", \"Monday\", \"Tuesday\", \"Wednesday\", \"Thursday\", \"Friday\", \"Saturday\"],\n  shortDays: [\"Sun\", \"Mon\", \"Tue\", \"Wed\", \"Thu\", \"Fri\", \"Sat\"],\n  months: [\"January\", \"February\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\", \"July\", \"August\", \"September\", \"October\", \"November\", \"December\"],\n  shortMonths: [\"Jan\", \"Feb\", \"Mar\", \"Apr\", \"May\", \"Jun\", \"Jul\", \"Aug\", \"Sep\", \"Oct\", \"Nov\", \"Dec\"]\n});\nexport default function defaultLocale(definition) {\n  locale = formatLocale(definition);\n  timeFormat = locale.format;\n  timeParse = locale.parse;\n  utcFormat = locale.utcFormat;\n  utcParse = locale.utcParse;\n  return locale;\n}","import { timeYear, timeMonth, timeWeek, timeDay, timeHour, timeMinute, timeSecond, timeTicks, timeTickInterval } from \"d3-time\";\nimport { timeFormat } from \"d3-time-format\";\nimport continuous, { copy } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nimport nice from \"./nice.js\";\nfunction date(t) {\n  return new Date(t);\n}\nfunction number(t) {\n  return t instanceof Date ? +t : +new Date(+t);\n}\nexport function calendar(ticks, tickInterval, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, format) {\n  var scale = continuous(),\n    invert = scale.invert,\n    domain = scale.domain;\n  var formatMillisecond = format(\".%L\"),\n    formatSecond = format(\":%S\"),\n    formatMinute = format(\"%I:%M\"),\n    formatHour = format(\"%I %p\"),\n    formatDay = format(\"%a %d\"),\n    formatWeek = format(\"%b %d\"),\n    formatMonth = format(\"%B\"),\n    formatYear = format(\"%Y\");\n  function tickFormat(date) {\n    return (second(date) < date ? formatMillisecond : minute(date) < date ? formatSecond : hour(date) < date ? formatMinute : day(date) < date ? formatHour : month(date) < date ? week(date) < date ? formatDay : formatWeek : year(date) < date ? formatMonth : formatYear)(date);\n  }\n  scale.invert = function (y) {\n    return new Date(invert(y));\n  };\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? domain(Array.from(_, number)) : domain().map(date);\n  };\n  scale.ticks = function (interval) {\n    var d = domain();\n    return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], interval == null ? 10 : interval);\n  };\n  scale.tickFormat = function (count, specifier) {\n    return specifier == null ? tickFormat : format(specifier);\n  };\n  scale.nice = function (interval) {\n    var d = domain();\n    if (!interval || typeof interval.range !== \"function\") interval = tickInterval(d[0], d[d.length - 1], interval == null ? 10 : interval);\n    return interval ? domain(nice(d, interval)) : scale;\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, calendar(ticks, tickInterval, year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, format));\n  };\n  return scale;\n}\nexport default function time() {\n  return initRange.apply(calendar(timeTicks, timeTickInterval, timeYear, timeMonth, timeWeek, timeDay, timeHour, timeMinute, timeSecond, timeFormat).domain([new Date(2000, 0, 1), new Date(2000, 0, 2)]), arguments);\n}","import { utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute, utcSecond, utcTicks, utcTickInterval } from \"d3-time\";\nimport { utcFormat } from \"d3-time-format\";\nimport { calendar } from \"./time.js\";\nimport { initRange } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function utcTime() {\n  return initRange.apply(calendar(utcTicks, utcTickInterval, utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute, utcSecond, utcFormat).domain([Date.UTC(2000, 0, 1), Date.UTC(2000, 0, 2)]), arguments);\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { interpolate, interpolateRound } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { loggish } from \"./log.js\";\nimport { symlogish } from \"./symlog.js\";\nimport { powish } from \"./pow.js\";\nfunction transformer() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 1,\n    t0,\n    t1,\n    k10,\n    transform,\n    interpolator = identity,\n    clamp = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return x == null || isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : interpolator(k10 === 0 ? 0.5 : (x = (transform(x) - t0) * k10, clamp ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, x)) : x));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 2), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1]), t0 = transform(x0 = +x0), t1 = transform(x1 = +x1), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 1 / (t1 - t0), scale) : [x0, x1];\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, scale) : clamp;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  function range(interpolate) {\n    return function (_) {\n      var _ref2;\n      var r0, r1;\n      return arguments.length ? ((_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 2), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1]), interpolator = interpolate(r0, r1), scale) : [interpolator(0), interpolator(1)];\n    };\n  }\n  scale.range = range(interpolate);\n  scale.rangeRound = range(interpolateRound);\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t) {\n    transform = t, t0 = t(x0), t1 = t(x1), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 1 / (t1 - t0);\n    return scale;\n  };\n}\nexport function copy(source, target) {\n  return target.domain(source.domain()).interpolator(source.interpolator()).clamp(source.clamp()).unknown(source.unknown());\n}\nexport default function sequential() {\n  var scale = linearish(transformer()(identity));\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequential());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialLog() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialLog()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialSymlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialSymlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialPow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, sequentialPow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function sequentialSqrt() {\n  return sequentialPow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport { ascending, bisect, quantile } from \"d3-array\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nexport default function sequentialQuantile() {\n  var domain = [],\n    interpolator = identity;\n  function scale(x) {\n    if (x != null && !isNaN(x = +x)) return interpolator((bisect(domain, x, 1) - 1) / (domain.length - 1));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();\n    domain = [];\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(_),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        if (d != null && !isNaN(d = +d)) domain.push(d);\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    domain.sort(ascending);\n    return scale;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  scale.range = function () {\n    return domain.map(function (d, i) {\n      return interpolator(i / (domain.length - 1));\n    });\n  };\n  scale.quantiles = function (n) {\n    return Array.from({\n      length: n + 1\n    }, function (_, i) {\n      return quantile(domain, i / n);\n    });\n  };\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return sequentialQuantile(interpolator).domain(domain);\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}","import { default as value } from \"./value.js\";\nexport default function piecewise(interpolate, values) {\n  if (values === undefined) values = interpolate, interpolate = value;\n  var i = 0,\n    n = values.length - 1,\n    v = values[0],\n    I = new Array(n < 0 ? 0 : n);\n  while (i < n) {\n    I[i] = interpolate(v, v = values[++i]);\n  }\n  return function (t) {\n    var i = Math.max(0, Math.min(n - 1, Math.floor(t *= n)));\n    return I[i](t - i);\n  };\n}","import _slicedToArray from \"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/node_modules/@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/slicedToArray.js\";\nimport { interpolate, interpolateRound, piecewise } from \"d3-interpolate\";\nimport { identity } from \"./continuous.js\";\nimport { initInterpolator } from \"./init.js\";\nimport { linearish } from \"./linear.js\";\nimport { loggish } from \"./log.js\";\nimport { copy } from \"./sequential.js\";\nimport { symlogish } from \"./symlog.js\";\nimport { powish } from \"./pow.js\";\nfunction transformer() {\n  var x0 = 0,\n    x1 = 0.5,\n    x2 = 1,\n    s = 1,\n    t0,\n    t1,\n    t2,\n    k10,\n    k21,\n    interpolator = identity,\n    transform,\n    clamp = false,\n    unknown;\n  function scale(x) {\n    return isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (x = 0.5 + ((x = +transform(x)) - t1) * (s * x < s * t1 ? k10 : k21), interpolator(clamp ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, x)) : x));\n  }\n  scale.domain = function (_) {\n    var _ref;\n    return arguments.length ? ((_ref = _slicedToArray(_, 3), x0 = _ref[0], x1 = _ref[1], x2 = _ref[2]), t0 = transform(x0 = +x0), t1 = transform(x1 = +x1), t2 = transform(x2 = +x2), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t1 - t0), k21 = t1 === t2 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t2 - t1), s = t1 < t0 ? -1 : 1, scale) : [x0, x1, x2];\n  };\n  scale.clamp = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, scale) : clamp;\n  };\n  scale.interpolator = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;\n  };\n  function range(interpolate) {\n    return function (_) {\n      var _ref2;\n      var r0, r1, r2;\n      return arguments.length ? ((_ref2 = _slicedToArray(_, 3), r0 = _ref2[0], r1 = _ref2[1], r2 = _ref2[2]), interpolator = piecewise(interpolate, [r0, r1, r2]), scale) : [interpolator(0), interpolator(0.5), interpolator(1)];\n    };\n  }\n  scale.range = range(interpolate);\n  scale.rangeRound = range(interpolateRound);\n  scale.unknown = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;\n  };\n  return function (t) {\n    transform = t, t0 = t(x0), t1 = t(x1), t2 = t(x2), k10 = t0 === t1 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t1 - t0), k21 = t1 === t2 ? 0 : 0.5 / (t2 - t1), s = t1 < t0 ? -1 : 1;\n    return scale;\n  };\n}\nexport default function diverging() {\n  var scale = linearish(transformer()(identity));\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, diverging());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingLog() {\n  var scale = loggish(transformer()).domain([0.1, 1, 10]);\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingLog()).base(scale.base());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingSymlog() {\n  var scale = symlogish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingSymlog()).constant(scale.constant());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingPow() {\n  var scale = powish(transformer());\n  scale.copy = function () {\n    return copy(scale, divergingPow()).exponent(scale.exponent());\n  };\n  return initInterpolator.apply(scale, arguments);\n}\nexport function divergingSqrt() {\n  return divergingPow.apply(null, arguments).exponent(0.5);\n}","export default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 1)) return;\n  for (var i = 1, j, s0, s1 = series[order[0]], n, m = s1.length; i < n; ++i) {\n    s0 = s1, s1 = series[order[i]];\n    for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) {\n      s1[j][1] += s1[j][0] = isNaN(s0[j][1]) ? s0[j][0] : s0[j][1];\n    }\n  }\n}","export default function (series) {\n  var n = series.length,\n    o = new Array(n);\n  while (--n >= 0) {\n    o[n] = n;\n  }\n  return o;\n}","function _createForOfIteratorHelper(o, allowArrayLike) { var it = typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && o[Symbol.iterator] || o[\"@@iterator\"]; if (!it) { if (Array.isArray(o) || (it = _unsupportedIterableToArray(o)) || allowArrayLike && o && typeof o.length === \"number\") { if (it) o = it; var i = 0; var F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { if (i >= o.length) return { done: true }; return { done: false, value: o[i++] }; }, e: function e(_e) { throw _e; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\"); } var normalCompletion = true, didErr = false, err; return { s: function s() { it = it.call(o); }, n: function n() { var step = it.next(); normalCompletion = step.done; return step; }, e: function e(_e2) { didErr = true; err = _e2; }, f: function f() { try { if (!normalCompletion && it.return != null) it.return(); } finally { if (didErr) throw err; } } }; }\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o); if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; }\nimport array from \"./array.js\";\nimport constant from \"./constant.js\";\nimport offsetNone from \"./offset/none.js\";\nimport orderNone from \"./order/none.js\";\nfunction stackValue(d, key) {\n  return d[key];\n}\nfunction stackSeries(key) {\n  var series = [];\n  series.key = key;\n  return series;\n}\nexport default function () {\n  var keys = constant([]),\n    order = orderNone,\n    offset = offsetNone,\n    value = stackValue;\n  function stack(data) {\n    var sz = Array.from(keys.apply(this, arguments), stackSeries),\n      i,\n      n = sz.length,\n      j = -1,\n      oz;\n    var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(data),\n      _step;\n    try {\n      for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {\n        var d = _step.value;\n        for (i = 0, ++j; i < n; ++i) {\n          (sz[i][j] = [0, +value(d, sz[i].key, j, data)]).data = d;\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (err) {\n      _iterator.e(err);\n    } finally {\n      _iterator.f();\n    }\n    for (i = 0, oz = array(order(sz)); i < n; ++i) {\n      sz[oz[i]].index = i;\n    }\n    offset(sz, oz);\n    return sz;\n  }\n  stack.keys = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (keys = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(Array.from(_)), stack) : keys;\n  };\n  stack.value = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (value = typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(+_), stack) : value;\n  };\n  stack.order = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (order = _ == null ? orderNone : typeof _ === \"function\" ? _ : constant(Array.from(_)), stack) : order;\n  };\n  stack.offset = function (_) {\n    return arguments.length ? (offset = _ == null ? offsetNone : _, stack) : offset;\n  };\n  return stack;\n}","import _isEqual from \"lodash/isEqual\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _isNaN from \"lodash/isNaN\";\nimport _upperFirst from \"lodash/upperFirst\";\nimport _isString from \"lodash/isString\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nimport _max from \"lodash/max\";\nimport _min from \"lodash/min\";\nimport _flatMap from \"lodash/flatMap\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport { getNiceTickValues, getTickValuesFixedDomain } from 'recharts-scale';\nimport * as d3Scales from 'd3-scale';\nimport { stack as shapeStack, stackOrderNone, stackOffsetExpand, stackOffsetNone, stackOffsetSilhouette, stackOffsetWiggle } from 'd3-shape';\nimport { isNumOrStr, uniqueId, isNumber, getPercentValue, mathSign, findEntryInArray } from './DataUtils';\nimport { Legend } from '../component/Legend';\nimport { findAllByType, findChildByType, getDisplayName } from './ReactUtils'; // TODO: Cause of circular dependency. Needs refactor.\n// import { RadiusAxisProps, AngleAxisProps } from '../polar/types';\n\nimport { filterProps } from './types';\nexport function getValueByDataKey(obj, dataKey, defaultValue) {\n  if (_isNil(obj) || _isNil(dataKey)) {\n    return defaultValue;\n  }\n  if (isNumOrStr(dataKey)) {\n    return _get(obj, dataKey, defaultValue);\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(dataKey)) {\n    return dataKey(obj);\n  }\n  return defaultValue;\n}\n/**\n * Get domain of data by key\n * @param  {Array}   data      The data displayed in the chart\n * @param  {String}  key       The unique key of a group of data\n * @param  {String}  type      The type of axis\n * @param  {Boolean} filterNil Whether or not filter nil values\n * @return {Array} Domain of data\n */\n\nexport function getDomainOfDataByKey(data, key, type, filterNil) {\n  var flattenData = _flatMap(data, function (entry) {\n    return getValueByDataKey(entry, key);\n  });\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    var domain = flattenData.filter(function (entry) {\n      return isNumber(entry) || parseFloat(entry);\n    });\n    return domain.length ? [_min(domain), _max(domain)] : [Infinity, -Infinity];\n  }\n  var validateData = filterNil ? flattenData.filter(function (entry) {\n    return !_isNil(entry);\n  }) : flattenData; // 支持Date类型的x轴\n\n  return validateData.map(function (entry) {\n    return isNumOrStr(entry) || entry instanceof Date ? entry : '';\n  });\n}\nexport var calculateActiveTickIndex = function calculateActiveTickIndex(coordinate) {\n  var _ticks$length;\n  var ticks = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : [];\n  var unsortedTicks = arguments.length > 2 ? arguments[2] : undefined;\n  var axis = arguments.length > 3 ? arguments[3] : undefined;\n  var index = -1;\n  var len = (_ticks$length = ticks === null || ticks === void 0 ? void 0 : ticks.length) !== null && _ticks$length !== void 0 ? _ticks$length : 0;\n  if (len > 1) {\n    if (axis && axis.axisType === 'angleAxis' && Math.abs(Math.abs(axis.range[1] - axis.range[0]) - 360) <= 1e-6) {\n      var range = axis.range; // ticks are distributed in a circle\n\n      for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        var before = i > 0 ? unsortedTicks[i - 1].coordinate : unsortedTicks[len - 1].coordinate;\n        var cur = unsortedTicks[i].coordinate;\n        var after = i >= len - 1 ? unsortedTicks[0].coordinate : unsortedTicks[i + 1].coordinate;\n        var sameDirectionCoord = void 0;\n        if (mathSign(cur - before) !== mathSign(after - cur)) {\n          var diffInterval = [];\n          if (mathSign(after - cur) === mathSign(range[1] - range[0])) {\n            sameDirectionCoord = after;\n            var curInRange = cur + range[1] - range[0];\n            diffInterval[0] = Math.min(curInRange, (curInRange + before) / 2);\n            diffInterval[1] = Math.max(curInRange, (curInRange + before) / 2);\n          } else {\n            sameDirectionCoord = before;\n            var afterInRange = after + range[1] - range[0];\n            diffInterval[0] = Math.min(cur, (afterInRange + cur) / 2);\n            diffInterval[1] = Math.max(cur, (afterInRange + cur) / 2);\n          }\n          var sameInterval = [Math.min(cur, (sameDirectionCoord + cur) / 2), Math.max(cur, (sameDirectionCoord + cur) / 2)];\n          if (coordinate > sameInterval[0] && coordinate <= sameInterval[1] || coordinate >= diffInterval[0] && coordinate <= diffInterval[1]) {\n            index = unsortedTicks[i].index;\n            break;\n          }\n        } else {\n          var min = Math.min(before, after);\n          var max = Math.max(before, after);\n          if (coordinate > (min + cur) / 2 && coordinate <= (max + cur) / 2) {\n            index = unsortedTicks[i].index;\n            break;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // ticks are distributed in a single direction\n      for (var _i = 0; _i < len; _i++) {\n        if (_i === 0 && coordinate <= (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i + 1].coordinate) / 2 || _i > 0 && _i < len - 1 && coordinate > (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i - 1].coordinate) / 2 && coordinate <= (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i + 1].coordinate) / 2 || _i === len - 1 && coordinate > (ticks[_i].coordinate + ticks[_i - 1].coordinate) / 2) {\n          index = ticks[_i].index;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  } else {\n    index = 0;\n  }\n  return index;\n};\n/**\n * Get the main color of each graphic item\n * @param  {ReactElement} item A graphic item\n * @return {String}            Color\n */\n\nexport var getMainColorOfGraphicItem = function getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item) {\n  var _ref = item,\n    displayName = _ref.type.displayName; // TODO: check if displayName is valid.\n\n  var _item$props = item.props,\n    stroke = _item$props.stroke,\n    fill = _item$props.fill;\n  var result;\n  switch (displayName) {\n    case 'Line':\n      result = stroke;\n      break;\n    case 'Area':\n    case 'Radar':\n      result = stroke && stroke !== 'none' ? stroke : fill;\n      break;\n    default:\n      result = fill;\n      break;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport var getLegendProps = function getLegendProps(_ref2) {\n  var children = _ref2.children,\n    formattedGraphicalItems = _ref2.formattedGraphicalItems,\n    legendWidth = _ref2.legendWidth,\n    legendContent = _ref2.legendContent;\n  var legendItem = findChildByType(children, Legend.displayName);\n  if (!legendItem) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var legendData;\n  if (legendItem.props && legendItem.props.payload) {\n    legendData = legendItem.props && legendItem.props.payload;\n  } else if (legendContent === 'children') {\n    legendData = (formattedGraphicalItems || []).reduce(function (result, _ref3) {\n      var item = _ref3.item,\n        props = _ref3.props;\n      var data = props.sectors || props.data || [];\n      return result.concat(data.map(function (entry) {\n        return {\n          type: legendItem.props.iconType || item.props.legendType,\n          value: entry.name,\n          color: entry.fill,\n          payload: entry\n        };\n      }));\n    }, []);\n  } else {\n    legendData = (formattedGraphicalItems || []).map(function (_ref4) {\n      var item = _ref4.item;\n      var _item$props2 = item.props,\n        dataKey = _item$props2.dataKey,\n        name = _item$props2.name,\n        legendType = _item$props2.legendType,\n        hide = _item$props2.hide;\n      return {\n        inactive: hide,\n        dataKey: dataKey,\n        type: legendItem.props.iconType || legendType || 'square',\n        color: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item),\n        value: name || dataKey,\n        payload: item.props\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, legendItem.props), Legend.getWithHeight(legendItem, legendWidth)), {}, {\n    payload: legendData,\n    item: legendItem\n  });\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size of all groups for stacked bar graph\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @return {Object} The size of all groups\n */\n\nexport var getBarSizeList = function getBarSizeList(_ref5) {\n  var globalSize = _ref5.barSize,\n    _ref5$stackGroups = _ref5.stackGroups,\n    stackGroups = _ref5$stackGroups === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$stackGroups;\n  if (!stackGroups) {\n    return {};\n  }\n  var result = {};\n  var numericAxisIds = Object.keys(stackGroups);\n  for (var i = 0, len = numericAxisIds.length; i < len; i++) {\n    var sgs = stackGroups[numericAxisIds[i]].stackGroups;\n    var stackIds = Object.keys(sgs);\n    for (var j = 0, sLen = stackIds.length; j < sLen; j++) {\n      var _sgs$stackIds$j = sgs[stackIds[j]],\n        items = _sgs$stackIds$j.items,\n        cateAxisId = _sgs$stackIds$j.cateAxisId;\n      var barItems = items.filter(function (item) {\n        return getDisplayName(item.type).indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n      });\n      if (barItems && barItems.length) {\n        var selfSize = barItems[0].props.barSize;\n        var cateId = barItems[0].props[cateAxisId];\n        if (!result[cateId]) {\n          result[cateId] = [];\n        }\n        result[cateId].push({\n          item: barItems[0],\n          stackList: barItems.slice(1),\n          barSize: _isNil(selfSize) ? globalSize : selfSize\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size of each bar and the gap between two bars\n * @param  {Number} bandSize  The size of each category\n * @param  {sizeList} sizeList  The size of all groups\n * @param  {maxBarSize} maxBarSize The maximum size of bar\n * @return {Number} The size of each bar and the gap between two bars\n */\n\nexport var getBarPosition = function getBarPosition(_ref6) {\n  var barGap = _ref6.barGap,\n    barCategoryGap = _ref6.barCategoryGap,\n    bandSize = _ref6.bandSize,\n    _ref6$sizeList = _ref6.sizeList,\n    sizeList = _ref6$sizeList === void 0 ? [] : _ref6$sizeList,\n    maxBarSize = _ref6.maxBarSize;\n  var len = sizeList.length;\n  if (len < 1) return null;\n  var realBarGap = getPercentValue(barGap, bandSize, 0, true);\n  var result; // whether or not is barSize setted by user\n\n  if (sizeList[0].barSize === +sizeList[0].barSize) {\n    var useFull = false;\n    var fullBarSize = bandSize / len;\n    var sum = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      return res + entry.barSize || 0;\n    }, 0);\n    sum += (len - 1) * realBarGap;\n    if (sum >= bandSize) {\n      sum -= (len - 1) * realBarGap;\n      realBarGap = 0;\n    }\n    if (sum >= bandSize && fullBarSize > 0) {\n      useFull = true;\n      fullBarSize *= 0.9;\n      sum = len * fullBarSize;\n    }\n    var offset = (bandSize - sum) / 2 >> 0;\n    var prev = {\n      offset: offset - realBarGap,\n      size: 0\n    };\n    result = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      var newRes = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(res), [{\n        item: entry.item,\n        position: {\n          offset: prev.offset + prev.size + realBarGap,\n          size: useFull ? fullBarSize : entry.barSize\n        }\n      }]);\n      prev = newRes[newRes.length - 1].position;\n      if (entry.stackList && entry.stackList.length) {\n        entry.stackList.forEach(function (item) {\n          newRes.push({\n            item: item,\n            position: prev\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      return newRes;\n    }, []);\n  } else {\n    var _offset = getPercentValue(barCategoryGap, bandSize, 0, true);\n    if (bandSize - 2 * _offset - (len - 1) * realBarGap <= 0) {\n      realBarGap = 0;\n    }\n    var originalSize = (bandSize - 2 * _offset - (len - 1) * realBarGap) / len;\n    if (originalSize > 1) {\n      originalSize >>= 0;\n    }\n    var size = maxBarSize === +maxBarSize ? Math.min(originalSize, maxBarSize) : originalSize;\n    result = sizeList.reduce(function (res, entry, i) {\n      var newRes = [].concat(_toConsumableArray(res), [{\n        item: entry.item,\n        position: {\n          offset: _offset + (originalSize + realBarGap) * i + (originalSize - size) / 2,\n          size: size\n        }\n      }]);\n      if (entry.stackList && entry.stackList.length) {\n        entry.stackList.forEach(function (item) {\n          newRes.push({\n            item: item,\n            position: newRes[newRes.length - 1].position\n          });\n        });\n      }\n      return newRes;\n    }, []);\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport var appendOffsetOfLegend = function appendOffsetOfLegend(offset, items, props, legendBox) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    width = props.width,\n    margin = props.margin;\n  var legendWidth = width - (margin.left || 0) - (margin.right || 0); // const legendHeight = height - (margin.top || 0) - (margin.bottom || 0);\n\n  var legendProps = getLegendProps({\n    children: children,\n    legendWidth: legendWidth\n  });\n  var newOffset = offset;\n  if (legendProps) {\n    var box = legendBox || {};\n    var align = legendProps.align,\n      verticalAlign = legendProps.verticalAlign,\n      layout = legendProps.layout;\n    if ((layout === 'vertical' || layout === 'horizontal' && verticalAlign === 'center') && isNumber(offset[align])) {\n      newOffset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, _defineProperty({}, align, newOffset[align] + (box.width || 0)));\n    }\n    if ((layout === 'horizontal' || layout === 'vertical' && align === 'center') && isNumber(offset[verticalAlign])) {\n      newOffset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, _defineProperty({}, verticalAlign, newOffset[verticalAlign] + (box.height || 0)));\n    }\n  }\n  return newOffset;\n};\nvar isErrorBarRelevantForAxis = function isErrorBarRelevantForAxis(layout, axisType, direction) {\n  if (_isNil(axisType)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return axisType === 'yAxis';\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return axisType === 'xAxis';\n  }\n  if (direction === 'x') {\n    return axisType === 'xAxis';\n  }\n  if (direction === 'y') {\n    return axisType === 'yAxis';\n  }\n  return true;\n};\nexport var getDomainOfErrorBars = function getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout, axisType) {\n  var children = item.props.children;\n  var errorBars = findAllByType(children, 'ErrorBar').filter(function (errorBarChild) {\n    return isErrorBarRelevantForAxis(layout, axisType, errorBarChild.props.direction);\n  });\n  if (errorBars && errorBars.length) {\n    var keys = errorBars.map(function (errorBarChild) {\n      return errorBarChild.props.dataKey;\n    });\n    return data.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      var entryValue = getValueByDataKey(entry, dataKey, 0);\n      var mainValue = _isArray(entryValue) ? [_min(entryValue), _max(entryValue)] : [entryValue, entryValue];\n      var errorDomain = keys.reduce(function (prevErrorArr, k) {\n        var errorValue = getValueByDataKey(entry, k, 0);\n        var lowerValue = mainValue[0] - Math.abs(_isArray(errorValue) ? errorValue[0] : errorValue);\n        var upperValue = mainValue[1] + Math.abs(_isArray(errorValue) ? errorValue[1] : errorValue);\n        return [Math.min(lowerValue, prevErrorArr[0]), Math.max(upperValue, prevErrorArr[1])];\n      }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n      return [Math.min(errorDomain[0], result[0]), Math.max(errorDomain[1], result[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var parseErrorBarsOfAxis = function parseErrorBarsOfAxis(data, items, dataKey, axisType, layout) {\n  var domains = items.map(function (item) {\n    return getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout, axisType);\n  }).filter(function (entry) {\n    return !_isNil(entry);\n  });\n  if (domains && domains.length) {\n    return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return [Math.min(result[0], entry[0]), Math.max(result[1], entry[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Get domain of data by the configuration of item element\n * @param  {Array}   data      The data displayed in the chart\n * @param  {Array}   items     The instances of item\n * @param  {String}  type      The type of axis, number - Number Axis, category - Category Axis\n * @param  {LayoutType} layout The type of layout\n * @param  {Boolean} filterNil Whether or not filter nil values\n * @return {Array}        Domain\n */\n\nexport var getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis = function getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(data, items, type, layout, filterNil) {\n  var domains = items.map(function (item) {\n    var dataKey = item.props.dataKey;\n    if (type === 'number' && dataKey) {\n      return getDomainOfErrorBars(data, item, dataKey, layout) || getDomainOfDataByKey(data, dataKey, type, filterNil);\n    }\n    return getDomainOfDataByKey(data, dataKey, type, filterNil);\n  });\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    // Calculate the domain of number axis\n    return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      return [Math.min(result[0], entry[0]), Math.max(result[1], entry[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n  }\n  var tag = {}; // Get the union set of category axis\n\n  return domains.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    for (var i = 0, len = entry.length; i < len; i++) {\n      if (!tag[entry[i]]) {\n        tag[entry[i]] = true;\n        result.push(entry[i]);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, []);\n};\nexport var isCategoricalAxis = function isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType) {\n  return layout === 'horizontal' && axisType === 'xAxis' || layout === 'vertical' && axisType === 'yAxis' || layout === 'centric' && axisType === 'angleAxis' || layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'radiusAxis';\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the Coordinates of grid\n * @param  {Array} ticks The ticks in axis\n * @param {Number} min   The minimun value of axis\n * @param {Number} max   The maximun value of axis\n * @return {Array}       Coordinates\n */\n\nexport var getCoordinatesOfGrid = function getCoordinatesOfGrid(ticks, min, max) {\n  var hasMin, hasMax;\n  var values = ticks.map(function (entry) {\n    if (entry.coordinate === min) {\n      hasMin = true;\n    }\n    if (entry.coordinate === max) {\n      hasMax = true;\n    }\n    return entry.coordinate;\n  });\n  if (!hasMin) {\n    values.push(min);\n  }\n  if (!hasMax) {\n    values.push(max);\n  }\n  return values;\n};\n/**\n * Get the ticks of an axis\n * @param  {Object}  axis The configuration of an axis\n * @param {Boolean} isGrid Whether or not are the ticks in grid\n * @param {Boolean} isAll Return the ticks of all the points or not\n * @return {Array}  Ticks\n */\n\nexport var getTicksOfAxis = function getTicksOfAxis(axis, isGrid, isAll) {\n  if (!axis) return null;\n  var scale = axis.scale;\n  var duplicateDomain = axis.duplicateDomain,\n    type = axis.type,\n    range = axis.range;\n  var offsetForBand = axis.realScaleType === 'scaleBand' ? scale.bandwidth() / 2 : 2;\n  var offset = (isGrid || isAll) && type === 'category' && scale.bandwidth ? scale.bandwidth() / offsetForBand : 0;\n  offset = axis.axisType === 'angleAxis' ? mathSign(range[0] - range[1]) * 2 * offset : offset; // The ticks setted by user should only affect the ticks adjacent to axis line\n\n  if (isGrid && (axis.ticks || axis.niceTicks)) {\n    return (axis.ticks || axis.niceTicks).map(function (entry) {\n      var scaleContent = duplicateDomain ? duplicateDomain.indexOf(entry) : entry;\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(scaleContent) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  } // When axis is a categorial axis, but the type of axis is number or the scale of axis is not \"auto\"\n\n  if (axis.isCategorical && axis.categoricalDomain) {\n    return axis.categoricalDomain.map(function (entry, index) {\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        index: index,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  }\n  if (scale.ticks && !isAll) {\n    return scale.ticks(axis.tickCount).map(function (entry) {\n      return {\n        coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n        value: entry,\n        offset: offset\n      };\n    });\n  } // When axis has duplicated text, serial numbers are used to generate scale\n\n  return scale.domain().map(function (entry, index) {\n    return {\n      coordinate: scale(entry) + offset,\n      value: duplicateDomain ? duplicateDomain[entry] : entry,\n      index: index,\n      offset: offset\n    };\n  });\n};\n/**\n * combine the handlers\n * @param  {Function} defaultHandler Internal private handler\n * @param  {Function} parentHandler  Handler function specified in parent component\n * @param  {Function} childHandler   Handler function specified in child component\n * @return {Function}                The combined handler\n */\n\nexport var combineEventHandlers = function combineEventHandlers(defaultHandler, parentHandler, childHandler) {\n  var customizedHandler;\n  if (_isFunction(childHandler)) {\n    customizedHandler = childHandler;\n  } else if (_isFunction(parentHandler)) {\n    customizedHandler = parentHandler;\n  }\n  if (_isFunction(defaultHandler) || customizedHandler) {\n    return function (arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {\n      if (_isFunction(defaultHandler)) {\n        defaultHandler(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);\n      }\n      if (_isFunction(customizedHandler)) {\n        customizedHandler(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);\n      }\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Parse the scale function of axis\n * @param  {Object}   axis          The option of axis\n * @param  {String}   chartType     The displayName of chart\n * @param  {Boolean}  hasBar        if it has a bar\n * @return {Function}               The scale function\n */\n\nexport var parseScale = function parseScale(axis, chartType, hasBar) {\n  var scale = axis.scale,\n    type = axis.type,\n    layout = axis.layout,\n    axisType = axis.axisType;\n  if (scale === 'auto') {\n    if (layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'radiusAxis') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleBand(),\n        realScaleType: 'band'\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'radial' && axisType === 'angleAxis') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleLinear(),\n        realScaleType: 'linear'\n      };\n    }\n    if (type === 'category' && chartType && (chartType.indexOf('LineChart') >= 0 || chartType.indexOf('AreaChart') >= 0 || chartType.indexOf('ComposedChart') >= 0 && !hasBar)) {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scalePoint(),\n        realScaleType: 'point'\n      };\n    }\n    if (type === 'category') {\n      return {\n        scale: d3Scales.scaleBand(),\n        realScaleType: 'band'\n      };\n    }\n    return {\n      scale: d3Scales.scaleLinear(),\n      realScaleType: 'linear'\n    };\n  }\n  if (_isString(scale)) {\n    var name = \"scale\".concat(_upperFirst(scale));\n    return {\n      scale: (d3Scales[name] || d3Scales.scalePoint)(),\n      realScaleType: d3Scales[name] ? name : 'point'\n    };\n  }\n  return _isFunction(scale) ? {\n    scale: scale\n  } : {\n    scale: d3Scales.scalePoint(),\n    realScaleType: 'point'\n  };\n};\nvar EPS = 1e-4;\nexport var checkDomainOfScale = function checkDomainOfScale(scale) {\n  var domain = scale.domain();\n  if (!domain || domain.length <= 2) {\n    return;\n  }\n  var len = domain.length;\n  var range = scale.range();\n  var min = Math.min(range[0], range[1]) - EPS;\n  var max = Math.max(range[0], range[1]) + EPS;\n  var first = scale(domain[0]);\n  var last = scale(domain[len - 1]);\n  if (first < min || first > max || last < min || last > max) {\n    scale.domain([domain[0], domain[len - 1]]);\n  }\n};\nexport var findPositionOfBar = function findPositionOfBar(barPosition, child) {\n  if (!barPosition) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  for (var i = 0, len = barPosition.length; i < len; i++) {\n    if (barPosition[i].item === child) {\n      return barPosition[i].position;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var truncateByDomain = function truncateByDomain(value, domain) {\n  if (!domain || domain.length !== 2 || !isNumber(domain[0]) || !isNumber(domain[1])) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  var min = Math.min(domain[0], domain[1]);\n  var max = Math.max(domain[0], domain[1]);\n  var result = [value[0], value[1]];\n  if (!isNumber(value[0]) || value[0] < min) {\n    result[0] = min;\n  }\n  if (!isNumber(value[1]) || value[1] > max) {\n    result[1] = max;\n  }\n  if (result[0] > max) {\n    result[0] = max;\n  }\n  if (result[1] < min) {\n    result[1] = min;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\n/* eslint no-param-reassign: 0 */\n\nexport var offsetSign = function offsetSign(series) {\n  var n = series.length;\n  if (n <= 0) {\n    return;\n  }\n  for (var j = 0, m = series[0].length; j < m; ++j) {\n    var positive = 0;\n    var negative = 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var value = _isNaN(series[i][j][1]) ? series[i][j][0] : series[i][j][1];\n      /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n      if (value >= 0) {\n        series[i][j][0] = positive;\n        series[i][j][1] = positive + value;\n        positive = series[i][j][1];\n      } else {\n        series[i][j][0] = negative;\n        series[i][j][1] = negative + value;\n        negative = series[i][j][1];\n      }\n      /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n    }\n  }\n};\n/* eslint no-param-reassign: 0 */\n\nexport var offsetPositive = function offsetPositive(series) {\n  var n = series.length;\n  if (n <= 0) {\n    return;\n  }\n  for (var j = 0, m = series[0].length; j < m; ++j) {\n    var positive = 0;\n    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var value = _isNaN(series[i][j][1]) ? series[i][j][0] : series[i][j][1];\n      /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n      if (value >= 0) {\n        series[i][j][0] = positive;\n        series[i][j][1] = positive + value;\n        positive = series[i][j][1];\n      } else {\n        series[i][j][0] = 0;\n        series[i][j][1] = 0;\n      }\n      /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n    }\n  }\n};\n\nvar STACK_OFFSET_MAP = {\n  sign: offsetSign,\n  expand: stackOffsetExpand,\n  none: stackOffsetNone,\n  silhouette: stackOffsetSilhouette,\n  wiggle: stackOffsetWiggle,\n  positive: offsetPositive\n};\nexport var getStackedData = function getStackedData(data, stackItems, offsetType) {\n  var dataKeys = stackItems.map(function (item) {\n    return item.props.dataKey;\n  });\n  var stack = shapeStack().keys(dataKeys).value(function (d, key) {\n    return +getValueByDataKey(d, key, 0);\n  }).order(stackOrderNone).offset(STACK_OFFSET_MAP[offsetType]);\n  return stack(data);\n};\nexport var getStackGroupsByAxisId = function getStackGroupsByAxisId(data, _items, numericAxisId, cateAxisId, offsetType, reverseStackOrder) {\n  if (!data) {\n    return null;\n  } // reversing items to affect render order (for layering)\n\n  var items = reverseStackOrder ? _items.reverse() : _items;\n  var stackGroups = items.reduce(function (result, item) {\n    var _item$props3 = item.props,\n      stackId = _item$props3.stackId,\n      hide = _item$props3.hide;\n    if (hide) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    var axisId = item.props[numericAxisId];\n    var parentGroup = result[axisId] || {\n      hasStack: false,\n      stackGroups: {}\n    };\n    if (isNumOrStr(stackId)) {\n      var childGroup = parentGroup.stackGroups[stackId] || {\n        numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n        cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n        items: []\n      };\n      childGroup.items.push(item);\n      parentGroup.hasStack = true;\n      parentGroup.stackGroups[stackId] = childGroup;\n    } else {\n      parentGroup.stackGroups[uniqueId('_stackId_')] = {\n        numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n        cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n        items: [item]\n      };\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, parentGroup));\n  }, {});\n  return Object.keys(stackGroups).reduce(function (result, axisId) {\n    var group = stackGroups[axisId];\n    if (group.hasStack) {\n      group.stackGroups = Object.keys(group.stackGroups).reduce(function (res, stackId) {\n        var g = group.stackGroups[stackId];\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, stackId, {\n          numericAxisId: numericAxisId,\n          cateAxisId: cateAxisId,\n          items: g.items,\n          stackedData: getStackedData(data, g.items, offsetType)\n        }));\n      }, {});\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, group));\n  }, {});\n};\n/**\n * get domain of ticks\n * @param  {Array} ticks Ticks of axis\n * @param  {String} type  The type of axis\n * @return {Array} domain\n */\n\nexport var calculateDomainOfTicks = function calculateDomainOfTicks(ticks, type) {\n  if (type === 'number') {\n    return [_min(ticks), _max(ticks)];\n  }\n  return ticks;\n};\n/**\n * Configure the scale function of axis\n * @param {Object} scale The scale function\n * @param {Object} opts  The configuration of axis\n * @return {Object}      null\n */\n\nexport var getTicksOfScale = function getTicksOfScale(scale, opts) {\n  var realScaleType = opts.realScaleType,\n    type = opts.type,\n    tickCount = opts.tickCount,\n    originalDomain = opts.originalDomain,\n    allowDecimals = opts.allowDecimals;\n  var scaleType = realScaleType || opts.scale;\n  if (scaleType !== 'auto' && scaleType !== 'linear') {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (tickCount && type === 'number' && originalDomain && (originalDomain[0] === 'auto' || originalDomain[1] === 'auto')) {\n    // Calculate the ticks by the number of grid when the axis is a number axis\n    var domain = scale.domain();\n    if (!domain.length) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var tickValues = getNiceTickValues(domain, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n    scale.domain(calculateDomainOfTicks(tickValues, type));\n    return {\n      niceTicks: tickValues\n    };\n  }\n  if (tickCount && type === 'number') {\n    var _domain = scale.domain();\n    var _tickValues = getTickValuesFixedDomain(_domain, tickCount, allowDecimals);\n    return {\n      niceTicks: _tickValues\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport var getCateCoordinateOfLine = function getCateCoordinateOfLine(_ref7) {\n  var axis = _ref7.axis,\n    ticks = _ref7.ticks,\n    bandSize = _ref7.bandSize,\n    entry = _ref7.entry,\n    index = _ref7.index,\n    dataKey = _ref7.dataKey;\n  if (axis.type === 'category') {\n    // find coordinate of category axis by the value of category\n    if (!axis.allowDuplicatedCategory && axis.dataKey && !_isNil(entry[axis.dataKey])) {\n      var matchedTick = findEntryInArray(ticks, 'value', entry[axis.dataKey]);\n      if (matchedTick) {\n        return matchedTick.coordinate + bandSize / 2;\n      }\n    }\n    return ticks[index] ? ticks[index].coordinate + bandSize / 2 : null;\n  }\n  var value = getValueByDataKey(entry, !_isNil(dataKey) ? dataKey : axis.dataKey);\n  return !_isNil(value) ? axis.scale(value) : null;\n};\nexport var getCateCoordinateOfBar = function getCateCoordinateOfBar(_ref8) {\n  var axis = _ref8.axis,\n    ticks = _ref8.ticks,\n    offset = _ref8.offset,\n    bandSize = _ref8.bandSize,\n    entry = _ref8.entry,\n    index = _ref8.index;\n  if (axis.type === 'category') {\n    return ticks[index] ? ticks[index].coordinate + offset : null;\n  }\n  var value = getValueByDataKey(entry, axis.dataKey, axis.domain[index]);\n  return !_isNil(value) ? axis.scale(value) - bandSize / 2 + offset : null;\n};\nexport var getBaseValueOfBar = function getBaseValueOfBar(_ref9) {\n  var numericAxis = _ref9.numericAxis;\n  var domain = numericAxis.scale.domain();\n  if (numericAxis.type === 'number') {\n    var min = Math.min(domain[0], domain[1]);\n    var max = Math.max(domain[0], domain[1]);\n    if (min <= 0 && max >= 0) {\n      return 0;\n    }\n    if (max < 0) {\n      return max;\n    }\n    return min;\n  }\n  return domain[0];\n};\nexport var getStackedDataOfItem = function getStackedDataOfItem(item, stackGroups) {\n  var stackId = item.props.stackId;\n  if (isNumOrStr(stackId)) {\n    var group = stackGroups[stackId];\n    if (group && group.items.length) {\n      var itemIndex = -1;\n      for (var i = 0, len = group.items.length; i < len; i++) {\n        if (group.items[i] === item) {\n          itemIndex = i;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      return itemIndex >= 0 ? group.stackedData[itemIndex] : null;\n    }\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nvar getDomainOfSingle = function getDomainOfSingle(data) {\n  return data.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n    return [_min(entry.concat([result[0]]).filter(isNumber)), _max(entry.concat([result[1]]).filter(isNumber))];\n  }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n};\nexport var getDomainOfStackGroups = function getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups, startIndex, endIndex) {\n  return Object.keys(stackGroups).reduce(function (result, stackId) {\n    var group = stackGroups[stackId];\n    var stackedData = group.stackedData;\n    var domain = stackedData.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n      var s = getDomainOfSingle(entry.slice(startIndex, endIndex + 1));\n      return [Math.min(res[0], s[0]), Math.max(res[1], s[1])];\n    }, [Infinity, -Infinity]);\n    return [Math.min(domain[0], result[0]), Math.max(domain[1], result[1])];\n  }, [Infinity, -Infinity]).map(function (result) {\n    return result === Infinity || result === -Infinity ? 0 : result;\n  });\n};\nexport var MIN_VALUE_REG = /^dataMin[\\s]*-[\\s]*([0-9]+([.]{1}[0-9]+){0,1})$/;\nexport var MAX_VALUE_REG = /^dataMax[\\s]*\\+[\\s]*([0-9]+([.]{1}[0-9]+){0,1})$/;\nexport var parseSpecifiedDomain = function parseSpecifiedDomain(specifiedDomain, dataDomain, allowDataOverflow) {\n  if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain)) {\n    return specifiedDomain(dataDomain, allowDataOverflow);\n  }\n  if (!_isArray(specifiedDomain)) {\n    return dataDomain;\n  }\n  var domain = [];\n  /* eslint-disable prefer-destructuring */\n\n  if (isNumber(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    domain[0] = allowDataOverflow ? specifiedDomain[0] : Math.min(specifiedDomain[0], dataDomain[0]);\n  } else if (MIN_VALUE_REG.test(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    var value = +MIN_VALUE_REG.exec(specifiedDomain[0])[1];\n    domain[0] = dataDomain[0] - value;\n  } else if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain[0])) {\n    domain[0] = specifiedDomain[0](dataDomain[0]);\n  } else {\n    domain[0] = dataDomain[0];\n  }\n  if (isNumber(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    domain[1] = allowDataOverflow ? specifiedDomain[1] : Math.max(specifiedDomain[1], dataDomain[1]);\n  } else if (MAX_VALUE_REG.test(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    var _value = +MAX_VALUE_REG.exec(specifiedDomain[1])[1];\n    domain[1] = dataDomain[1] + _value;\n  } else if (_isFunction(specifiedDomain[1])) {\n    domain[1] = specifiedDomain[1](dataDomain[1]);\n  } else {\n    domain[1] = dataDomain[1];\n  }\n  /* eslint-enable prefer-destructuring */\n\n  return domain;\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the size between two category\n * @param  {Object} axis  The options of axis\n * @param  {Array}  ticks The ticks of axis\n * @param  {Boolean} isBar if items in axis are bars\n * @return {Number} Size\n */\n\nexport var getBandSizeOfAxis = function getBandSizeOfAxis(axis, ticks, isBar) {\n  if (axis && axis.scale && axis.scale.bandwidth) {\n    var bandWidth = axis.scale.bandwidth();\n    if (!isBar || bandWidth > 0) {\n      return bandWidth;\n    }\n  }\n  if (axis && ticks && ticks.length >= 2) {\n    var orderedTicks = _sortBy(ticks, function (o) {\n      return o.coordinate;\n    });\n    var bandSize = Infinity;\n    for (var i = 1, len = orderedTicks.length; i < len; i++) {\n      var cur = orderedTicks[i];\n      var prev = orderedTicks[i - 1];\n      bandSize = Math.min((cur.coordinate || 0) - (prev.coordinate || 0), bandSize);\n    }\n    return bandSize === Infinity ? 0 : bandSize;\n  }\n  return isBar ? undefined : 0;\n};\n/**\n * parse the domain of a category axis when a domain is specified\n * @param   {Array}        specifiedDomain  The domain specified by users\n * @param   {Array}        calculatedDomain The domain calculated by dateKey\n * @param   {ReactElement} axisChild        The axis element\n * @returns {Array}        domains\n */\n\nexport var parseDomainOfCategoryAxis = function parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(specifiedDomain, calculatedDomain, axisChild) {\n  if (!specifiedDomain || !specifiedDomain.length) {\n    return calculatedDomain;\n  }\n  if (_isEqual(specifiedDomain, _get(axisChild, 'type.defaultProps.domain'))) {\n    return calculatedDomain;\n  }\n  return specifiedDomain;\n};\nexport var getTooltipItem = function getTooltipItem(graphicalItem, payload) {\n  var _graphicalItem$props = graphicalItem.props,\n    dataKey = _graphicalItem$props.dataKey,\n    name = _graphicalItem$props.name,\n    unit = _graphicalItem$props.unit,\n    formatter = _graphicalItem$props.formatter,\n    tooltipType = _graphicalItem$props.tooltipType,\n    chartType = _graphicalItem$props.chartType;\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(graphicalItem)), {}, {\n    dataKey: dataKey,\n    unit: unit,\n    formatter: formatter,\n    name: name || dataKey,\n    color: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(graphicalItem),\n    value: getValueByDataKey(payload, dataKey),\n    type: tooltipType,\n    payload: payload,\n    chartType: chartType\n  });\n};","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var i, n, j = 0, m = series[0].length, y; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (y = i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      y += series[i][j][1] || 0;\n    }\n    if (y) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      series[i][j][1] /= y;\n    }\n  }\n  none(series, order);\n}","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var j = 0, s0 = series[order[0]], n, m = s0.length; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (var i = 0, y = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      y += series[i][j][1] || 0;\n    }\n    s0[j][1] += s0[j][0] = -y / 2;\n  }\n  none(series, order);\n}","import none from \"./none.js\";\nexport default function (series, order) {\n  if (!((n = series.length) > 0) || !((m = (s0 = series[order[0]]).length) > 0)) return;\n  for (var y = 0, j = 1, s0, m, n; j < m; ++j) {\n    for (var i = 0, s1 = 0, s2 = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n      var si = series[order[i]],\n        sij0 = si[j][1] || 0,\n        sij1 = si[j - 1][1] || 0,\n        s3 = (sij0 - sij1) / 2;\n      for (var k = 0; k < i; ++k) {\n        var sk = series[order[k]],\n          skj0 = sk[j][1] || 0,\n          skj1 = sk[j - 1][1] || 0;\n        s3 += skj0 - skj1;\n      }\n      s1 += sij0, s2 += s3 * sij0;\n    }\n    s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;\n    if (s1) y -= s2 / s1;\n  }\n  s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;\n  none(series, order);\n}","function ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nvar PREFIX_LIST = ['Webkit', 'Moz', 'O', 'ms'];\nexport var generatePrefixStyle = function generatePrefixStyle(name, value) {\n  if (!name) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var camelName = name.replace(/(\\w)/, function (v) {\n    return v.toUpperCase();\n  });\n  var result = PREFIX_LIST.reduce(function (res, entry) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, entry + camelName, value));\n  }, {});\n  result[name] = value;\n  return result;\n};","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _range from \"lodash/range\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Brush\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent, Children } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { scalePoint } from 'd3-scale';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Text } from '../component/Text';\nimport { getValueByDataKey } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { isNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { generatePrefixStyle } from '../util/CssPrefixUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar createScale = function createScale(_ref) {\n  var data = _ref.data,\n    startIndex = _ref.startIndex,\n    endIndex = _ref.endIndex,\n    x = _ref.x,\n    width = _ref.width,\n    travellerWidth = _ref.travellerWidth;\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return {};\n  }\n  var len = data.length;\n  var scale = scalePoint().domain(_range(0, len)).range([x, x + width - travellerWidth]);\n  var scaleValues = scale.domain().map(function (entry) {\n    return scale(entry);\n  });\n  return {\n    isTextActive: false,\n    isSlideMoving: false,\n    isTravellerMoving: false,\n    startX: scale(startIndex),\n    endX: scale(endIndex),\n    scale: scale,\n    scaleValues: scaleValues\n  };\n};\nvar isTouch = function isTouch(e) {\n  return e.changedTouches && !!e.changedTouches.length;\n};\nexport var Brush = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Brush, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Brush);\n  function Brush(props) {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Brush);\n    _this = _super.call(this, props);\n    _this.leaveTimer = void 0;\n    _this.travellerDragStartHandlers = void 0;\n    _this.handleDrag = function (e) {\n      if (_this.leaveTimer) {\n        clearTimeout(_this.leaveTimer);\n        _this.leaveTimer = null;\n      }\n      if (_this.state.isTravellerMoving) {\n        _this.handleTravellerMove(e);\n      } else if (_this.state.isSlideMoving) {\n        _this.handleSlideDrag(e);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleTouchMove = function (e) {\n      if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n        _this.handleDrag(e.changedTouches[0]);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleDragEnd = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTravellerMoving: false,\n        isSlideMoving: false\n      });\n      _this.detachDragEndListener();\n    };\n    _this.handleLeaveWrapper = function () {\n      if (_this.state.isTravellerMoving || _this.state.isSlideMoving) {\n        _this.leaveTimer = window.setTimeout(_this.handleDragEnd, _this.props.leaveTimeOut);\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTextActive: true\n      });\n    };\n    _this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller = function () {\n      _this.setState({\n        isTextActive: false\n      });\n    };\n    _this.handleSlideDragStart = function (e) {\n      var event = isTouch(e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e;\n      _this.setState({\n        isTravellerMoving: false,\n        isSlideMoving: true,\n        slideMoveStartX: event.pageX\n      });\n      _this.attachDragEndListener();\n    };\n    _this.travellerDragStartHandlers = {\n      startX: _this.handleTravellerDragStart.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'startX'),\n      endX: _this.handleTravellerDragStart.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), 'endX')\n    };\n    _this.state = {};\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Brush, [{\n    key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n    value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n      if (this.leaveTimer) {\n        clearTimeout(this.leaveTimer);\n        this.leaveTimer = null;\n      }\n      this.detachDragEndListener();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getIndex\",\n    value: function getIndex(_ref2) {\n      var startX = _ref2.startX,\n        endX = _ref2.endX;\n      var scaleValues = this.state.scaleValues;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        gap = _this$props.gap,\n        data = _this$props.data;\n      var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n      var min = Math.min(startX, endX);\n      var max = Math.max(startX, endX);\n      var minIndex = Brush.getIndexInRange(scaleValues, min);\n      var maxIndex = Brush.getIndexInRange(scaleValues, max);\n      return {\n        startIndex: minIndex - minIndex % gap,\n        endIndex: maxIndex === lastIndex ? lastIndex : maxIndex - maxIndex % gap\n      };\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getTextOfTick\",\n    value: function getTextOfTick(index) {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props2.data,\n        tickFormatter = _this$props2.tickFormatter,\n        dataKey = _this$props2.dataKey;\n      var text = getValueByDataKey(data[index], dataKey, index);\n      return _isFunction(tickFormatter) ? tickFormatter(text, index) : text;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"attachDragEndListener\",\n    value: function attachDragEndListener() {\n      window.addEventListener('mouseup', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n      window.addEventListener('touchend', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"detachDragEndListener\",\n    value: function detachDragEndListener() {\n      window.removeEventListener('mouseup', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n      window.removeEventListener('touchend', this.handleDragEnd, true);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleSlideDrag\",\n    value: function handleSlideDrag(e) {\n      var _this$state = this.state,\n        slideMoveStartX = _this$state.slideMoveStartX,\n        startX = _this$state.startX,\n        endX = _this$state.endX;\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props3.x,\n        width = _this$props3.width,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props3.travellerWidth,\n        startIndex = _this$props3.startIndex,\n        endIndex = _this$props3.endIndex,\n        onChange = _this$props3.onChange;\n      var delta = e.pageX - slideMoveStartX;\n      if (delta > 0) {\n        delta = Math.min(delta, x + width - travellerWidth - endX, x + width - travellerWidth - startX);\n      } else if (delta < 0) {\n        delta = Math.max(delta, x - startX, x - endX);\n      }\n      var newIndex = this.getIndex({\n        startX: startX + delta,\n        endX: endX + delta\n      });\n      if ((newIndex.startIndex !== startIndex || newIndex.endIndex !== endIndex) && onChange) {\n        onChange(newIndex);\n      }\n      this.setState({\n        startX: startX + delta,\n        endX: endX + delta,\n        slideMoveStartX: e.pageX\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleTravellerDragStart\",\n    value: function handleTravellerDragStart(id, e) {\n      var event = isTouch(e) ? e.changedTouches[0] : e;\n      this.setState({\n        isSlideMoving: false,\n        isTravellerMoving: true,\n        movingTravellerId: id,\n        brushMoveStartX: event.pageX\n      });\n      this.attachDragEndListener();\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"handleTravellerMove\",\n    value: function handleTravellerMove(e) {\n      var _this$setState;\n      var _this$state2 = this.state,\n        brushMoveStartX = _this$state2.brushMoveStartX,\n        movingTravellerId = _this$state2.movingTravellerId,\n        endX = _this$state2.endX,\n        startX = _this$state2.startX;\n      var prevValue = this.state[movingTravellerId];\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props4.x,\n        width = _this$props4.width,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props4.travellerWidth,\n        onChange = _this$props4.onChange,\n        gap = _this$props4.gap,\n        data = _this$props4.data;\n      var params = {\n        startX: this.state.startX,\n        endX: this.state.endX\n      };\n      var delta = e.pageX - brushMoveStartX;\n      if (delta > 0) {\n        delta = Math.min(delta, x + width - travellerWidth - prevValue);\n      } else if (delta < 0) {\n        delta = Math.max(delta, x - prevValue);\n      }\n      params[movingTravellerId] = prevValue + delta;\n      var newIndex = this.getIndex(params);\n      var startIndex = newIndex.startIndex,\n        endIndex = newIndex.endIndex;\n      var isFullGap = function isFullGap() {\n        var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n        if (movingTravellerId === 'startX' && (endX > startX ? startIndex % gap === 0 : endIndex % gap === 0) || endX < startX && endIndex === lastIndex || movingTravellerId === 'endX' && (endX > startX ? endIndex % gap === 0 : startIndex % gap === 0) || endX > startX && endIndex === lastIndex) {\n          return true;\n        }\n        return false;\n      };\n      this.setState((_this$setState = {}, _defineProperty(_this$setState, movingTravellerId, prevValue + delta), _defineProperty(_this$setState, \"brushMoveStartX\", e.pageX), _this$setState), function () {\n        if (onChange) {\n          if (isFullGap()) {\n            onChange(newIndex);\n          }\n        }\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderBackground\",\n    value: function renderBackground() {\n      var _this$props5 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props5.x,\n        y = _this$props5.y,\n        width = _this$props5.width,\n        height = _this$props5.height,\n        fill = _this$props5.fill,\n        stroke = _this$props5.stroke;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        stroke: stroke,\n        fill: fill,\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderPanorama\",\n    value: function renderPanorama() {\n      var _this$props6 = this.props,\n        x = _this$props6.x,\n        y = _this$props6.y,\n        width = _this$props6.width,\n        height = _this$props6.height,\n        data = _this$props6.data,\n        children = _this$props6.children,\n        padding = _this$props6.padding;\n      var chartElement = Children.only(children);\n      if (!chartElement) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(chartElement, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        margin: padding,\n        compact: true,\n        data: data\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTravellerLayer\",\n    value: function renderTravellerLayer(travellerX, id) {\n      var _this$props7 = this.props,\n        y = _this$props7.y,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props7.travellerWidth,\n        height = _this$props7.height,\n        traveller = _this$props7.traveller;\n      var x = Math.max(travellerX, this.props.x);\n      var travellerProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, filterProps(this.props)), {}, {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: travellerWidth,\n        height: height\n      });\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-traveller\",\n        onMouseEnter: this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseDown: this.travellerDragStartHandlers[id],\n        onTouchStart: this.travellerDragStartHandlers[id],\n        style: {\n          cursor: 'col-resize'\n        }\n      }, Brush.renderTraveller(traveller, travellerProps));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderSlide\",\n    value: function renderSlide(startX, endX) {\n      var _this$props8 = this.props,\n        y = _this$props8.y,\n        height = _this$props8.height,\n        stroke = _this$props8.stroke,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props8.travellerWidth;\n      var x = Math.min(startX, endX) + travellerWidth;\n      var width = Math.max(Math.abs(endX - startX) - travellerWidth, 0);\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-slide\",\n        onMouseEnter: this.handleEnterSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveSlideOrTraveller,\n        onMouseDown: this.handleSlideDragStart,\n        onTouchStart: this.handleSlideDragStart,\n        style: {\n          cursor: 'move'\n        },\n        stroke: \"none\",\n        fill: stroke,\n        fillOpacity: 0.2,\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderText\",\n    value: function renderText() {\n      var _this$props9 = this.props,\n        startIndex = _this$props9.startIndex,\n        endIndex = _this$props9.endIndex,\n        y = _this$props9.y,\n        height = _this$props9.height,\n        travellerWidth = _this$props9.travellerWidth,\n        stroke = _this$props9.stroke;\n      var _this$state3 = this.state,\n        startX = _this$state3.startX,\n        endX = _this$state3.endX;\n      var offset = 5;\n      var attrs = {\n        pointerEvents: 'none',\n        fill: stroke\n      };\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-brush-texts\"\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n        textAnchor: \"end\",\n        verticalAnchor: \"middle\",\n        x: Math.min(startX, endX) - offset,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }, attrs), this.getTextOfTick(startIndex)), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Text, _extends({\n        textAnchor: \"start\",\n        verticalAnchor: \"middle\",\n        x: Math.max(startX, endX) + travellerWidth + offset,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }, attrs), this.getTextOfTick(endIndex)));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props10 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props10.data,\n        className = _this$props10.className,\n        children = _this$props10.children,\n        x = _this$props10.x,\n        y = _this$props10.y,\n        width = _this$props10.width,\n        height = _this$props10.height,\n        alwaysShowText = _this$props10.alwaysShowText;\n      var _this$state4 = this.state,\n        startX = _this$state4.startX,\n        endX = _this$state4.endX,\n        isTextActive = _this$state4.isTextActive,\n        isSlideMoving = _this$state4.isSlideMoving,\n        isTravellerMoving = _this$state4.isTravellerMoving;\n      if (!data || !data.length || !isNumber(x) || !isNumber(y) || !isNumber(width) || !isNumber(height) || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-brush', className);\n      var isPanoramic = React.Children.count(children) === 1;\n      var style = generatePrefixStyle('userSelect', 'none');\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: layerClass,\n        onMouseMove: this.handleDrag,\n        onMouseLeave: this.handleLeaveWrapper,\n        onTouchMove: this.handleTouchMove,\n        style: style\n      }, this.renderBackground(), isPanoramic && this.renderPanorama(), this.renderSlide(startX, endX), this.renderTravellerLayer(startX, 'startX'), this.renderTravellerLayer(endX, 'endX'), (isTextActive || isSlideMoving || isTravellerMoving || alwaysShowText) && this.renderText());\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"renderDefaultTraveller\",\n    value: function renderDefaultTraveller(props) {\n      var x = props.x,\n        y = props.y,\n        width = props.width,\n        height = props.height,\n        stroke = props.stroke;\n      var lineY = Math.floor(y + height / 2) - 1;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        x: x,\n        y: y,\n        width: width,\n        height: height,\n        fill: stroke,\n        stroke: \"none\"\n      }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n        x1: x + 1,\n        y1: lineY,\n        x2: x + width - 1,\n        y2: lineY,\n        fill: \"none\",\n        stroke: \"#fff\"\n      }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", {\n        x1: x + 1,\n        y1: lineY + 2,\n        x2: x + width - 1,\n        y2: lineY + 2,\n        fill: \"none\",\n        stroke: \"#fff\"\n      }));\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderTraveller\",\n    value: function renderTraveller(option, props) {\n      var rectangle;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        rectangle = option(props);\n      } else {\n        rectangle = Brush.renderDefaultTraveller(props);\n      }\n      return rectangle;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      var data = nextProps.data,\n        width = nextProps.width,\n        x = nextProps.x,\n        travellerWidth = nextProps.travellerWidth,\n        updateId = nextProps.updateId,\n        startIndex = nextProps.startIndex,\n        endIndex = nextProps.endIndex;\n      if (data !== prevState.prevData || updateId !== prevState.prevUpdateId) {\n        return _objectSpread({\n          prevData: data,\n          prevTravellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          prevUpdateId: updateId,\n          prevX: x,\n          prevWidth: width\n        }, data && data.length ? createScale({\n          data: data,\n          width: width,\n          x: x,\n          travellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          startIndex: startIndex,\n          endIndex: endIndex\n        }) : {\n          scale: null,\n          scaleValues: null\n        });\n      }\n      if (prevState.scale && (width !== prevState.prevWidth || x !== prevState.prevX || travellerWidth !== prevState.prevTravellerWidth)) {\n        prevState.scale.range([x, x + width - travellerWidth]);\n        var scaleValues = prevState.scale.domain().map(function (entry) {\n          return prevState.scale(entry);\n        });\n        return {\n          prevData: data,\n          prevTravellerWidth: travellerWidth,\n          prevUpdateId: updateId,\n          prevX: x,\n          prevWidth: width,\n          startX: prevState.scale(nextProps.startIndex),\n          endX: prevState.scale(nextProps.endIndex),\n          scaleValues: scaleValues\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"getIndexInRange\",\n    value: function getIndexInRange(range, x) {\n      var len = range.length;\n      var start = 0;\n      var end = len - 1;\n      while (end - start > 1) {\n        var middle = Math.floor((start + end) / 2);\n        if (range[middle] > x) {\n          end = middle;\n        } else {\n          start = middle;\n        }\n      }\n      return x >= range[end] ? end : start;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Brush;\n}(PureComponent);\nBrush.displayName = 'Brush';\nBrush.defaultProps = {\n  height: 40,\n  travellerWidth: 5,\n  gap: 1,\n  fill: '#fff',\n  stroke: '#666',\n  padding: {\n    top: 1,\n    right: 1,\n    bottom: 1,\n    left: 1\n  },\n  leaveTimeOut: 1000,\n  alwaysShowText: false\n};","export var ifOverflowMatches = function ifOverflowMatches(props, value) {\n  var alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow;\n  var ifOverflow = props.ifOverflow;\n  if (alwaysShow) {\n    ifOverflow = 'extendDomain';\n  }\n  return ifOverflow === value;\n};","import _every from \"lodash/every\";\nimport _mapValues from \"lodash/mapValues\";\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport { getTicksOfScale, parseScale, checkDomainOfScale, getBandSizeOfAxis } from './ChartUtils';\nimport { findChildByType } from './ReactUtils';\nimport { getPercentValue } from './DataUtils';\n/**\n * Calculate the scale function, position, width, height of axes\n * @param  {Object} props     Latest props\n * @param  {Object} axisMap   The configuration of axes\n * @param  {Object} offset    The offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {String} axisType  The type of axes, x-axis or y-axis\n * @param  {String} chartName The name of chart\n * @return {Object} Configuration\n */\n\nexport var formatAxisMap = function formatAxisMap(props, axisMap, offset, axisType, chartName) {\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children;\n  var ids = Object.keys(axisMap);\n  var steps = {\n    left: offset.left,\n    leftMirror: offset.left,\n    right: width - offset.right,\n    rightMirror: width - offset.right,\n    top: offset.top,\n    topMirror: offset.top,\n    bottom: height - offset.bottom,\n    bottomMirror: height - offset.bottom\n  };\n  var hasBar = !!findChildByType(children, 'Bar');\n  return ids.reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var axis = axisMap[id];\n    var orientation = axis.orientation,\n      domain = axis.domain,\n      _axis$padding = axis.padding,\n      padding = _axis$padding === void 0 ? {} : _axis$padding,\n      mirror = axis.mirror,\n      reversed = axis.reversed;\n    var offsetKey = \"\".concat(orientation).concat(mirror ? 'Mirror' : '');\n    var calculatedPadding, range, x, y, needSpace;\n    if (axis.type === 'number' && (axis.padding === 'gap' || axis.padding === 'no-gap')) {\n      var diff = domain[1] - domain[0];\n      var smallestDistanceBetweenValues = Infinity;\n      var sortedValues = axis.categoricalDomain.sort();\n      sortedValues.forEach(function (value, index) {\n        if (index > 0) {\n          smallestDistanceBetweenValues = Math.min((value || 0) - (sortedValues[index - 1] || 0), smallestDistanceBetweenValues);\n        }\n      });\n      var smallestDistanceInPercent = smallestDistanceBetweenValues / diff;\n      var rangeWidth = axis.layout === 'vertical' ? offset.height : offset.width;\n      if (axis.padding === 'gap') {\n        calculatedPadding = smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth / 2;\n      }\n      if (axis.padding === 'no-gap') {\n        var gap = getPercentValue(props.barCategoryGap, smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth);\n        var halfBand = smallestDistanceInPercent * rangeWidth / 2;\n        calculatedPadding = halfBand - gap - (halfBand - gap) / rangeWidth * gap;\n      }\n    }\n    if (axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      range = [offset.left + (padding.left || 0) + (calculatedPadding || 0), offset.left + offset.width - (padding.right || 0) - (calculatedPadding || 0)];\n    } else if (axisType === 'yAxis') {\n      range = layout === 'horizontal' ? [offset.top + offset.height - (padding.bottom || 0), offset.top + (padding.top || 0)] : [offset.top + (padding.top || 0) + (calculatedPadding || 0), offset.top + offset.height - (padding.bottom || 0) - (calculatedPadding || 0)];\n    } else {\n      range = axis.range;\n    }\n    if (reversed) {\n      range = [range[1], range[0]];\n    }\n    var _parseScale = parseScale(axis, chartName, hasBar),\n      scale = _parseScale.scale,\n      realScaleType = _parseScale.realScaleType;\n    scale.domain(domain).range(range);\n    checkDomainOfScale(scale);\n    var ticks = getTicksOfScale(scale, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType\n    }));\n    if (axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      needSpace = orientation === 'top' && !mirror || orientation === 'bottom' && mirror;\n      x = offset.left;\n      y = steps[offsetKey] - needSpace * axis.height;\n    } else if (axisType === 'yAxis') {\n      needSpace = orientation === 'left' && !mirror || orientation === 'right' && mirror;\n      x = steps[offsetKey] - needSpace * axis.width;\n      y = offset.top;\n    }\n    var finalAxis = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axis), ticks), {}, {\n      realScaleType: realScaleType,\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      scale: scale,\n      width: axisType === 'xAxis' ? offset.width : axis.width,\n      height: axisType === 'yAxis' ? offset.height : axis.height\n    });\n    finalAxis.bandSize = getBandSizeOfAxis(finalAxis, ticks);\n    if (!axis.hide && axisType === 'xAxis') {\n      steps[offsetKey] += (needSpace ? -1 : 1) * finalAxis.height;\n    } else if (!axis.hide) {\n      steps[offsetKey] += (needSpace ? -1 : 1) * finalAxis.width;\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, id, finalAxis));\n  }, {});\n};\nexport var rectWithPoints = function rectWithPoints(_ref, _ref2) {\n  var x1 = _ref.x,\n    y1 = _ref.y;\n  var x2 = _ref2.x,\n    y2 = _ref2.y;\n  return {\n    x: Math.min(x1, x2),\n    y: Math.min(y1, y2),\n    width: Math.abs(x2 - x1),\n    height: Math.abs(y2 - y1)\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Compute the x, y, width, and height of a box from two reference points.\n * @param  {Object} coords     x1, x2, y1, and y2\n * @return {Object} object\n */\n\nexport var rectWithCoords = function rectWithCoords(_ref3) {\n  var x1 = _ref3.x1,\n    y1 = _ref3.y1,\n    x2 = _ref3.x2,\n    y2 = _ref3.y2;\n  return rectWithPoints({\n    x: x1,\n    y: y1\n  }, {\n    x: x2,\n    y: y2\n  });\n};\nexport var ScaleHelper = /*#__PURE__*/function () {\n  function ScaleHelper(scale) {\n    _classCallCheck(this, ScaleHelper);\n    this.scale = void 0;\n    this.scale = scale;\n  }\n  _createClass(ScaleHelper, [{\n    key: \"domain\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.domain;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"range\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.range;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"rangeMin\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.range()[0];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"rangeMax\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.range()[1];\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"bandwidth\",\n    get: function get() {\n      return this.scale.bandwidth;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"apply\",\n    value: function apply(value) {\n      var _ref4 = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},\n        bandAware = _ref4.bandAware,\n        position = _ref4.position;\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return undefined;\n      }\n      if (position) {\n        switch (position) {\n          case 'start':\n            {\n              return this.scale(value);\n            }\n          case 'middle':\n            {\n              var offset = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() / 2 : 0;\n              return this.scale(value) + offset;\n            }\n          case 'end':\n            {\n              var _offset = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() : 0;\n              return this.scale(value) + _offset;\n            }\n          default:\n            {\n              return this.scale(value);\n            }\n        }\n      }\n      if (bandAware) {\n        var _offset2 = this.bandwidth ? this.bandwidth() / 2 : 0;\n        return this.scale(value) + _offset2;\n      }\n      return this.scale(value);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"isInRange\",\n    value: function isInRange(value) {\n      var range = this.range();\n      var first = range[0];\n      var last = range[range.length - 1];\n      return first <= last ? value >= first && value <= last : value >= last && value <= first;\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"create\",\n    value: function create(obj) {\n      return new ScaleHelper(obj);\n    }\n  }]);\n  return ScaleHelper;\n}();\nScaleHelper.EPS = 1e-4;\nexport var createLabeledScales = function createLabeledScales(options) {\n  var scales = Object.keys(options).reduce(function (res, key) {\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, key, ScaleHelper.create(options[key])));\n  }, {});\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, scales), {}, {\n    apply: function apply(coord) {\n      var _ref5 = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {},\n        bandAware = _ref5.bandAware,\n        position = _ref5.position;\n      return _mapValues(coord, function (value, label) {\n        return scales[label].apply(value, {\n          bandAware: bandAware,\n          position: position\n        });\n      });\n    },\n    isInRange: function isInRange(coord) {\n      return _every(coord, function (value, label) {\n        return scales[label].isInRange(value);\n      });\n    }\n  });\n};","/* eslint no-console: 0 */\nvar isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production';\nexport var warn = function warn(condition, format) {\n  for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len > 2 ? _len - 2 : 0), _key = 2; _key < _len; _key++) {\n    args[_key - 2] = arguments[_key];\n  }\n  if (isDev && typeof console !== 'undefined' && console.warn) {\n    if (format === undefined) {\n      console.warn('LogUtils requires an error message argument');\n    }\n    if (!condition) {\n      if (format === undefined) {\n        console.warn('Minified exception occurred; use the non-minified dev environment ' + 'for the full error message and additional helpful warnings.');\n      } else {\n        var argIndex = 0;\n        console.warn(format.replace(/%s/g, function () {\n          return args[argIndex++];\n        }));\n      }\n    }\n  }\n};","import _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Dot\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Dot } from '../shape/Dot';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { createLabeledScales } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getCoordinate = function getCoordinate(props) {\n  var x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis;\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var result = scales.apply({\n    x: x,\n    y: y\n  }, {\n    bandAware: true\n  });\n  if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.isInRange(result)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return result;\n};\nexport function ReferenceDot(props) {\n  var x = props.x,\n    y = props.y,\n    r = props.r,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  var isX = isNumOrStr(x);\n  var isY = isNumOrStr(y);\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  if (!isX || !isY) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var coordinate = getCoordinate(props);\n  if (!coordinate) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var cx = coordinate.x,\n    cy = coordinate.y;\n  var shape = props.shape,\n    className = props.className;\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  var dotProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), {}, {\n    cx: cx,\n    cy: cy\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-dot', className)\n  }, ReferenceDot.renderDot(shape, dotProps), Label.renderCallByParent(props, {\n    x: cx - r,\n    y: cy - r,\n    width: 2 * r,\n    height: 2 * r\n  }));\n}\nReferenceDot.displayName = 'ReferenceDot';\nReferenceDot.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  r: 10,\n  fill: '#fff',\n  stroke: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nReferenceDot.renderDot = function (option, props) {\n  var dot;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    dot = option(props);\n  } else {\n    dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Dot, _extends({}, props, {\n      cx: props.cx,\n      cy: props.cy,\n      className: \"recharts-reference-dot-dot\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return dot;\n};","import _some from \"lodash/some\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Line\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { createLabeledScales, rectWithCoords } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar renderLine = function renderLine(option, props) {\n  var line;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    line = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    line = option(props);\n  } else {\n    line = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, props, {\n      className: \"recharts-reference-line-line\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return line;\n}; // TODO: ScaleHelper\n\nvar getEndPoints = function getEndPoints(scales, isFixedX, isFixedY, isSegment, props) {\n  var _props$viewBox = props.viewBox,\n    x = _props$viewBox.x,\n    y = _props$viewBox.y,\n    width = _props$viewBox.width,\n    height = _props$viewBox.height,\n    position = props.position;\n  if (isFixedY) {\n    var yCoord = props.y,\n      orientation = props.yAxis.orientation;\n    var coord = scales.y.apply(yCoord, {\n      position: position\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.y.isInRange(coord)) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var points = [{\n      x: x + width,\n      y: coord\n    }, {\n      x: x,\n      y: coord\n    }];\n    return orientation === 'left' ? points.reverse() : points;\n  }\n  if (isFixedX) {\n    var xCoord = props.x,\n      _orientation = props.xAxis.orientation;\n    var _coord = scales.x.apply(xCoord, {\n      position: position\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && !scales.x.isInRange(_coord)) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var _points = [{\n      x: _coord,\n      y: y + height\n    }, {\n      x: _coord,\n      y: y\n    }];\n    return _orientation === 'top' ? _points.reverse() : _points;\n  }\n  if (isSegment) {\n    var segment = props.segment;\n    var _points2 = segment.map(function (p) {\n      return scales.apply(p, {\n        position: position\n      });\n    });\n    if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && _some(_points2, function (p) {\n      return !scales.isInRange(p);\n    })) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return _points2;\n  }\n  return null;\n};\nexport function ReferenceLine(props) {\n  var fixedX = props.x,\n    fixedY = props.y,\n    segment = props.segment,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis,\n    shape = props.shape,\n    className = props.className,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var isX = isNumOrStr(fixedX);\n  var isY = isNumOrStr(fixedY);\n  var isSegment = segment && segment.length === 2;\n  var endPoints = getEndPoints(scales, isX, isY, isSegment, props);\n  if (!endPoints) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var _endPoints = _slicedToArray(endPoints, 2),\n    _endPoints$ = _endPoints[0],\n    x1 = _endPoints$.x,\n    y1 = _endPoints$.y,\n    _endPoints$2 = _endPoints[1],\n    x2 = _endPoints$2.x,\n    y2 = _endPoints$2.y;\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  var lineProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), {}, {\n    x1: x1,\n    y1: y1,\n    x2: x2,\n    y2: y2\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-line', className)\n  }, renderLine(shape, lineProps), Label.renderCallByParent(props, rectWithCoords({\n    x1: x1,\n    y1: y1,\n    x2: x2,\n    y2: y2\n  })));\n}\nReferenceLine.displayName = 'ReferenceLine';\nReferenceLine.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  fill: 'none',\n  stroke: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 1,\n  strokeWidth: 1,\n  position: 'middle'\n};","import _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Reference Line\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Label } from '../component/Label';\nimport { createLabeledScales, rectWithPoints } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from '../util/IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { isNumOrStr } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { warn } from '../util/LogUtils';\nimport { Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar getRect = function getRect(hasX1, hasX2, hasY1, hasY2, props) {\n  var xValue1 = props.x1,\n    xValue2 = props.x2,\n    yValue1 = props.y1,\n    yValue2 = props.y2,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis;\n  if (!xAxis || !yAxis) return null;\n  var scales = createLabeledScales({\n    x: xAxis.scale,\n    y: yAxis.scale\n  });\n  var p1 = {\n    x: hasX1 ? scales.x.apply(xValue1, {\n      position: 'start'\n    }) : scales.x.rangeMin,\n    y: hasY1 ? scales.y.apply(yValue1, {\n      position: 'start'\n    }) : scales.y.rangeMin\n  };\n  var p2 = {\n    x: hasX2 ? scales.x.apply(xValue2, {\n      position: 'end'\n    }) : scales.x.rangeMax,\n    y: hasY2 ? scales.y.apply(yValue2, {\n      position: 'end'\n    }) : scales.y.rangeMax\n  };\n  if (ifOverflowMatches(props, 'discard') && (!scales.isInRange(p1) || !scales.isInRange(p2))) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return rectWithPoints(p1, p2);\n};\nexport function ReferenceArea(props) {\n  var x1 = props.x1,\n    x2 = props.x2,\n    y1 = props.y1,\n    y2 = props.y2,\n    className = props.className,\n    alwaysShow = props.alwaysShow,\n    clipPathId = props.clipPathId;\n  warn(alwaysShow === undefined, 'The alwaysShow prop is deprecated. Please use ifOverflow=\"extendDomain\" instead.');\n  var hasX1 = isNumOrStr(x1);\n  var hasX2 = isNumOrStr(x2);\n  var hasY1 = isNumOrStr(y1);\n  var hasY2 = isNumOrStr(y2);\n  var shape = props.shape;\n  if (!hasX1 && !hasX2 && !hasY1 && !hasY2 && !shape) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var rect = getRect(hasX1, hasX2, hasY1, hasY2, props);\n  if (!rect && !shape) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var clipPath = ifOverflowMatches(props, 'hidden') ? \"url(#\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : undefined;\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: classNames('recharts-reference-area', className)\n  }, ReferenceArea.renderRect(shape, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    clipPath: clipPath\n  }, filterProps(props, true)), rect)), Label.renderCallByParent(props, rect));\n}\nReferenceArea.displayName = 'ReferenceArea';\nReferenceArea.defaultProps = {\n  isFront: false,\n  ifOverflow: 'discard',\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  r: 10,\n  fill: '#ccc',\n  fillOpacity: 0.5,\n  stroke: 'none',\n  strokeWidth: 1\n};\nReferenceArea.renderRect = function (option, props) {\n  var rect;\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n    rect = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n  } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n    rect = option(props);\n  } else {\n    rect = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Rectangle, _extends({}, props, {\n      className: \"recharts-reference-area-rect\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return rect;\n};","import { ReferenceDot } from '../cartesian/ReferenceDot';\nimport { ReferenceLine } from '../cartesian/ReferenceLine';\nimport { ReferenceArea } from '../cartesian/ReferenceArea';\nimport { ifOverflowMatches } from './IfOverflowMatches';\nimport { findAllByType } from './ReactUtils';\nimport { isNumber } from './DataUtils';\nexport var detectReferenceElementsDomain = function detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType, specifiedTicks) {\n  var lines = findAllByType(children, ReferenceLine.displayName);\n  var dots = findAllByType(children, ReferenceDot.displayName);\n  var elements = lines.concat(dots);\n  var areas = findAllByType(children, ReferenceArea.displayName);\n  var idKey = \"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\");\n  var valueKey = axisType[0];\n  var finalDomain = domain;\n  if (elements.length) {\n    finalDomain = elements.reduce(function (result, el) {\n      if (el.props[idKey] === axisId && ifOverflowMatches(el.props, 'extendDomain') && isNumber(el.props[valueKey])) {\n        var value = el.props[valueKey];\n        return [Math.min(result[0], value), Math.max(result[1], value)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  if (areas.length) {\n    var key1 = \"\".concat(valueKey, \"1\");\n    var key2 = \"\".concat(valueKey, \"2\");\n    finalDomain = areas.reduce(function (result, el) {\n      if (el.props[idKey] === axisId && ifOverflowMatches(el.props, 'extendDomain') && isNumber(el.props[key1]) && isNumber(el.props[key2])) {\n        var value1 = el.props[key1];\n        var value2 = el.props[key2];\n        return [Math.min(result[0], value1, value2), Math.max(result[1], value1, value2)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  if (specifiedTicks && specifiedTicks.length) {\n    finalDomain = specifiedTicks.reduce(function (result, tick) {\n      if (isNumber(tick)) {\n        return [Math.min(result[0], tick), Math.max(result[1], tick)];\n      }\n      return result;\n    }, finalDomain);\n  }\n  return finalDomain;\n};","import EventEmitter from 'eventemitter3';\nvar eventCenter = new EventEmitter();\nif (eventCenter.setMaxListeners) {\n  eventCenter.setMaxListeners(10);\n}\nexport { eventCenter };\nexport var SYNC_EVENT = 'recharts.syncMouseEvents'; // eslint-disable-next-line no-redeclare","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _every from \"lodash/every\";\nimport _find from \"lodash/find\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _throttle from \"lodash/throttle\";\nimport _sortBy from \"lodash/sortBy\";\nimport _get from \"lodash/get\";\nimport _range from \"lodash/range\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isBoolean from \"lodash/isBoolean\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nimport React, { Component, cloneElement, isValidElement, createElement } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport { Surface } from '../container/Surface';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { Tooltip } from '../component/Tooltip';\nimport { Legend } from '../component/Legend';\nimport { Curve } from '../shape/Curve';\nimport { Cross } from '../shape/Cross';\nimport { Sector } from '../shape/Sector';\nimport { Dot } from '../shape/Dot';\nimport { isInRectangle, Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { findAllByType, findChildByType, getDisplayName, parseChildIndex, validateWidthHeight, isChildrenEqual, renderByOrder, getReactEventByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { CartesianAxis } from '../cartesian/CartesianAxis';\nimport { Brush } from '../cartesian/Brush';\nimport { getOffset, calculateChartCoordinate } from '../util/DOMUtils';\nimport { getAnyElementOfObject, hasDuplicate, uniqueId, isNumber, findEntryInArray } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { calculateActiveTickIndex, getMainColorOfGraphicItem, getBarSizeList, getBarPosition, appendOffsetOfLegend, getLegendProps, combineEventHandlers, getTicksOfAxis, getCoordinatesOfGrid, getStackedDataOfItem, parseErrorBarsOfAxis, getBandSizeOfAxis, getStackGroupsByAxisId, isCategoricalAxis, getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis, getDomainOfStackGroups, getDomainOfDataByKey, parseSpecifiedDomain, parseDomainOfCategoryAxis, getTooltipItem } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { detectReferenceElementsDomain } from '../util/DetectReferenceElementsDomain';\nimport { inRangeOfSector, polarToCartesian } from '../util/PolarUtils';\nimport { shallowEqual } from '../util/ShallowEqual';\nimport { eventCenter, SYNC_EVENT } from '../util/Events';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventHandlers } from '../util/types';\nvar ORIENT_MAP = {\n  xAxis: ['bottom', 'top'],\n  yAxis: ['left', 'right']\n};\nvar originCoordinate = {\n  x: 0,\n  y: 0\n}; // use legacy isFinite only if there is a problem (aka IE)\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals\n\nvar isFinit = Number.isFinite ? Number.isFinite : isFinite;\nvar defer =\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\ntypeof requestAnimationFrame === 'function' ? requestAnimationFrame : typeof setImmediate === 'function' ? setImmediate : setTimeout;\nvar deferClear =\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-nested-ternary\ntypeof cancelAnimationFrame === 'function' ? cancelAnimationFrame : typeof clearImmediate === 'function' ? clearImmediate : clearTimeout;\nvar calculateTooltipPos = function calculateTooltipPos(rangeObj, layout) {\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return rangeObj.x;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return rangeObj.y;\n  }\n  if (layout === 'centric') {\n    return rangeObj.angle;\n  }\n  return rangeObj.radius;\n};\nvar getActiveCoordinate = function getActiveCoordinate(layout, tooltipTicks, activeIndex, rangeObj) {\n  var entry = tooltipTicks.find(function (tick) {\n    return tick && tick.index === activeIndex;\n  });\n  if (entry) {\n    if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      return {\n        x: entry.coordinate,\n        y: rangeObj.y\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'vertical') {\n      return {\n        x: rangeObj.x,\n        y: entry.coordinate\n      };\n    }\n    if (layout === 'centric') {\n      var _angle = entry.coordinate;\n      var _radius = rangeObj.radius;\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rangeObj), polarToCartesian(rangeObj.cx, rangeObj.cy, _radius, _angle)), {}, {\n        angle: _angle,\n        radius: _radius\n      });\n    }\n    var radius = entry.coordinate;\n    var angle = rangeObj.angle;\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rangeObj), polarToCartesian(rangeObj.cx, rangeObj.cy, radius, angle)), {}, {\n      angle: angle,\n      radius: radius\n    });\n  }\n  return originCoordinate;\n};\nvar getDisplayedData = function getDisplayedData(data, _ref, item) {\n  var graphicalItems = _ref.graphicalItems,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref.dataEndIndex;\n  var itemsData = (graphicalItems || []).reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var itemData = child.props.data;\n    if (itemData && itemData.length) {\n      return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), _toConsumableArray(itemData));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, []);\n  if (itemsData && itemsData.length > 0) {\n    return itemsData;\n  }\n  if (item && item.props && item.props.data && item.props.data.length > 0) {\n    return item.props.data;\n  }\n  if (data && data.length && isNumber(dataStartIndex) && isNumber(dataEndIndex)) {\n    return data.slice(dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex + 1);\n  }\n  return [];\n};\n/**\n * Get the content to be displayed in the tooltip\n * @param  {Object} state          Current state\n * @param  {Array}  chartData      The data defined in chart\n * @param  {Number} activeIndex    Active index of data\n * @param  {String} activeLabel    Active label of data\n * @return {Array}                 The content of tooltip\n */\n\nvar getTooltipContent = function getTooltipContent(state, chartData, activeIndex, activeLabel) {\n  var graphicalItems = state.graphicalItems,\n    tooltipAxis = state.tooltipAxis;\n  var displayedData = getDisplayedData(chartData, state);\n  if (activeIndex < 0 || !graphicalItems || !graphicalItems.length || activeIndex >= displayedData.length) {\n    return null;\n  } // get data by activeIndex when the axis don't allow duplicated category\n\n  return graphicalItems.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var hide = child.props.hide;\n    if (hide) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    var data = child.props.data;\n    var payload;\n    if (tooltipAxis.dataKey && !tooltipAxis.allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n      // graphic child has data props\n      var entries = data === undefined ? displayedData : data;\n      payload = findEntryInArray(entries, tooltipAxis.dataKey, activeLabel);\n    } else {\n      payload = data && data[activeIndex] || displayedData[activeIndex];\n    }\n    if (!payload) {\n      return result;\n    }\n    return [].concat(_toConsumableArray(result), [getTooltipItem(child, payload)]);\n  }, []);\n};\n/**\n * Returns tooltip data based on a mouse position (as a parameter or in state)\n * @param  {Object} state     current state\n * @param  {Array}  chartData the data defined in chart\n * @param  {String} layout     The layout type of chart\n * @param  {Object} rangeObj  { x, y } coordinates\n * @return {Object}           Tooltip data data\n */\n\nvar getTooltipData = function getTooltipData(state, chartData, layout, rangeObj) {\n  var rangeData = rangeObj || {\n    x: state.chartX,\n    y: state.chartY\n  };\n  var pos = calculateTooltipPos(rangeData, layout);\n  var ticks = state.orderedTooltipTicks,\n    axis = state.tooltipAxis,\n    tooltipTicks = state.tooltipTicks;\n  var activeIndex = calculateActiveTickIndex(pos, ticks, tooltipTicks, axis);\n  if (activeIndex >= 0 && tooltipTicks) {\n    var activeLabel = tooltipTicks[activeIndex] && tooltipTicks[activeIndex].value;\n    var activePayload = getTooltipContent(state, chartData, activeIndex, activeLabel);\n    var activeCoordinate = getActiveCoordinate(layout, ticks, activeIndex, rangeData);\n    return {\n      activeTooltipIndex: activeIndex,\n      activeLabel: activeLabel,\n      activePayload: activePayload,\n      activeCoordinate: activeCoordinate\n    };\n  }\n  return null;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of axis by the options of axis instance\n * @param  {Object} props         Latest props\n * @param {Array}  axes           The instance of axes\n * @param  {Array} graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {String} axisType      The type of axis, xAxis - x-axis, yAxis - y-axis\n * @param  {String} axisIdKey     The unique id of an axis\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups   The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex   The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}      Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMapByAxes = function getAxisMapByAxes(props, _ref2) {\n  var axes = _ref2.axes,\n    graphicalItems = _ref2.graphicalItems,\n    axisType = _ref2.axisType,\n    axisIdKey = _ref2.axisIdKey,\n    stackGroups = _ref2.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref2.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref2.dataEndIndex;\n  var layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children,\n    stackOffset = props.stackOffset;\n  var isCategorical = isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType); // Eliminate duplicated axes\n\n  var axisMap = axes.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var _child$props = child.props,\n      type = _child$props.type,\n      dataKey = _child$props.dataKey,\n      allowDataOverflow = _child$props.allowDataOverflow,\n      allowDuplicatedCategory = _child$props.allowDuplicatedCategory,\n      scale = _child$props.scale,\n      ticks = _child$props.ticks;\n    var axisId = child.props[axisIdKey];\n    var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n        return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId;\n      }),\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n    var len = displayedData.length;\n    if (!result[axisId]) {\n      var domain, duplicateDomain, categoricalDomain;\n      if (dataKey) {\n        // has dataKey in <Axis />\n        domain = getDomainOfDataByKey(displayedData, dataKey, type);\n        if (type === 'category' && isCategorical) {\n          // the field type is category data and this axis is catrgorical axis\n          var duplicate = hasDuplicate(domain);\n          if (allowDuplicatedCategory && duplicate) {\n            duplicateDomain = domain; // When category axis has duplicated text, serial numbers are used to generate scale\n\n            domain = _range(0, len);\n          } else if (!allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            // remove duplicated category\n            domain = parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(child.props.domain, domain, child).reduce(function (finalDomain, entry) {\n              return finalDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0 ? finalDomain : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(finalDomain), [entry]);\n            }, []);\n          }\n        } else if (type === 'category') {\n          // the field type is category data and this axis is numerical axis\n          if (!allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            domain = parseDomainOfCategoryAxis(child.props.domain, domain, child).reduce(function (finalDomain, entry) {\n              return finalDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0 || entry === '' || _isNil(entry) ? finalDomain : [].concat(_toConsumableArray(finalDomain), [entry]);\n            }, []);\n          } else {\n            // eliminate undefined or null or empty string\n            domain = domain.filter(function (entry) {\n              return entry !== '' && !_isNil(entry);\n            });\n          }\n        } else if (type === 'number') {\n          // the field type is numerical\n          var errorBarsDomain = parseErrorBarsOfAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n            return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n          }), dataKey, axisType, layout);\n          if (errorBarsDomain) {\n            domain = errorBarsDomain;\n          }\n        }\n        if (isCategorical && (type === 'number' || scale !== 'auto')) {\n          categoricalDomain = getDomainOfDataByKey(displayedData, dataKey, 'category');\n        }\n      } else if (isCategorical) {\n        // the axis is a categorical axis\n        domain = _range(0, len);\n      } else if (stackGroups && stackGroups[axisId] && stackGroups[axisId].hasStack && type === 'number') {\n        // when stackOffset is 'expand', the domain may be calculated as [0, 1.000000000002]\n        domain = stackOffset === 'expand' ? [0, 1] : getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups[axisId].stackGroups, dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex);\n      } else {\n        domain = getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n          return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n        }), type, layout, true);\n      }\n      if (type === 'number') {\n        // To detect wether there is any reference lines whose props alwaysShow is true\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType, ticks);\n        if (child.props.domain) {\n          domain = parseSpecifiedDomain(child.props.domain, domain, allowDataOverflow);\n        }\n      } else if (type === 'category' && child.props.domain) {\n        var axisDomain = child.props.domain;\n        var isDomainValidate = domain.every(function (entry) {\n          return axisDomain.indexOf(entry) >= 0;\n        });\n        if (isDomainValidate) {\n          domain = axisDomain;\n        }\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, child.props), {}, {\n        axisType: axisType,\n        domain: domain,\n        categoricalDomain: categoricalDomain,\n        duplicateDomain: duplicateDomain,\n        originalDomain: child.props.domain,\n        isCategorical: isCategorical,\n        layout: layout\n      })));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {});\n  return axisMap;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of axis by the options of item,\n * this kind of axis does not display in chart\n * @param  {Object} props         Latest props\n * @param  {Array} graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {ReactElement} Axis    Axis Component\n * @param  {String} axisType      The type of axis, xAxis - x-axis, yAxis - y-axis\n * @param  {String} axisIdKey     The unique id of an axis\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups   The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex   The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}               Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMapByItems = function getAxisMapByItems(props, _ref3) {\n  var graphicalItems = _ref3.graphicalItems,\n    Axis = _ref3.Axis,\n    axisType = _ref3.axisType,\n    axisIdKey = _ref3.axisIdKey,\n    stackGroups = _ref3.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref3.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref3.dataEndIndex;\n  var layout = props.layout,\n    children = props.children;\n  var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n    graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n    dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n  });\n  var len = displayedData.length;\n  var isCategorical = isCategoricalAxis(layout, axisType);\n  var index = -1; // The default type of x-axis is category axis,\n  // The default contents of x-axis is the serial numbers of data\n  // The default type of y-axis is number axis\n  // The default contents of y-axis is the domain of data\n\n  var axisMap = graphicalItems.reduce(function (result, child) {\n    var axisId = child.props[axisIdKey];\n    if (!result[axisId]) {\n      index++;\n      var domain;\n      if (isCategorical) {\n        domain = _range(0, len);\n      } else if (stackGroups && stackGroups[axisId] && stackGroups[axisId].hasStack) {\n        domain = getDomainOfStackGroups(stackGroups[axisId].stackGroups, dataStartIndex, dataEndIndex);\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType);\n      } else {\n        domain = parseSpecifiedDomain(Axis.defaultProps.domain, getDomainOfItemsWithSameAxis(displayedData, graphicalItems.filter(function (item) {\n          return item.props[axisIdKey] === axisId && !item.props.hide;\n        }), 'number', layout), Axis.defaultProps.allowDataOverflow);\n        domain = detectReferenceElementsDomain(children, domain, axisId, axisType);\n      }\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        axisType: axisType\n      }, Axis.defaultProps), {}, {\n        hide: true,\n        orientation: _get(ORIENT_MAP, \"\".concat(axisType, \".\").concat(index % 2), null),\n        domain: domain,\n        originalDomain: Axis.defaultProps.domain,\n        isCategorical: isCategorical,\n        layout: layout // specify scale when no Axis\n        // scale: isCategorical ? 'band' : 'linear',\n      })));\n    }\n\n    return result;\n  }, {});\n  return axisMap;\n};\n/**\n * Get the configuration of all x-axis or y-axis\n * @param  {Object} props          Latest props\n * @param  {String} axisType       The type of axis\n * @param  {Array}  graphicalItems The instances of item\n * @param  {Object} stackGroups    The items grouped by axisId and stackId\n * @param {Number} dataStartIndex  The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @param {Number} dataEndIndex    The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n * @return {Object}          Configuration\n */\n\nvar getAxisMap = function getAxisMap(props, _ref4) {\n  var _ref4$axisType = _ref4.axisType,\n    axisType = _ref4$axisType === void 0 ? 'xAxis' : _ref4$axisType,\n    AxisComp = _ref4.AxisComp,\n    graphicalItems = _ref4.graphicalItems,\n    stackGroups = _ref4.stackGroups,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref4.dataStartIndex,\n    dataEndIndex = _ref4.dataEndIndex;\n  var children = props.children;\n  var axisIdKey = \"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\"); // Get all the instance of Axis\n\n  var axes = findAllByType(children, AxisComp);\n  var axisMap = {};\n  if (axes && axes.length) {\n    axisMap = getAxisMapByAxes(props, {\n      axes: axes,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      axisType: axisType,\n      axisIdKey: axisIdKey,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n  } else if (graphicalItems && graphicalItems.length) {\n    axisMap = getAxisMapByItems(props, {\n      Axis: AxisComp,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      axisType: axisType,\n      axisIdKey: axisIdKey,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n    });\n  }\n  return axisMap;\n};\nvar tooltipTicksGenerator = function tooltipTicksGenerator(axisMap) {\n  var axis = getAnyElementOfObject(axisMap);\n  var tooltipTicks = getTicksOfAxis(axis, false, true);\n  return {\n    tooltipTicks: tooltipTicks,\n    orderedTooltipTicks: _sortBy(tooltipTicks, function (o) {\n      return o.coordinate;\n    }),\n    tooltipAxis: axis,\n    tooltipAxisBandSize: getBandSizeOfAxis(axis, tooltipTicks)\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Returns default, reset state for the categorical chart.\n * @param {Object} props Props object to use when creating the default state\n * @return {Object} Whole new state\n */\n\nvar createDefaultState = function createDefaultState(props) {\n  var children = props.children,\n    defaultShowTooltip = props.defaultShowTooltip;\n  var brushItem = findChildByType(children, Brush.displayName);\n  var startIndex = brushItem && brushItem.props && brushItem.props.startIndex || 0;\n  var endIndex = brushItem && brushItem.props && brushItem.props.endIndex || props.data && props.data.length - 1 || 0;\n  return {\n    chartX: 0,\n    chartY: 0,\n    dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n    dataEndIndex: endIndex,\n    activeTooltipIndex: -1,\n    isTooltipActive: !_isNil(defaultShowTooltip) ? defaultShowTooltip : false\n  };\n};\nvar hasGraphicalBarItem = function hasGraphicalBarItem(graphicalItems) {\n  if (!graphicalItems || !graphicalItems.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  return graphicalItems.some(function (item) {\n    var name = getDisplayName(item && item.type);\n    return name && name.indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n  });\n};\nvar getAxisNameByLayout = function getAxisNameByLayout(layout) {\n  if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'yAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'xAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  if (layout === 'vertical') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'xAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'yAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  if (layout === 'centric') {\n    return {\n      numericAxisName: 'radiusAxis',\n      cateAxisName: 'angleAxis'\n    };\n  }\n  return {\n    numericAxisName: 'angleAxis',\n    cateAxisName: 'radiusAxis'\n  };\n};\n/**\n * Calculate the offset of main part in the svg element\n * @param  {Object} props          Latest props\n * graphicalItems The instances of item\n * xAxisMap       The configuration of x-axis\n * yAxisMap       The configuration of y-axis\n * @param  {Object} prevLegendBBox          the boundary box of legend\n * @return {Object} The offset of main part in the svg element\n */\n\nvar calculateOffset = function calculateOffset(_ref5, prevLegendBBox) {\n  var props = _ref5.props,\n    graphicalItems = _ref5.graphicalItems,\n    _ref5$xAxisMap = _ref5.xAxisMap,\n    xAxisMap = _ref5$xAxisMap === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$xAxisMap,\n    _ref5$yAxisMap = _ref5.yAxisMap,\n    yAxisMap = _ref5$yAxisMap === void 0 ? {} : _ref5$yAxisMap;\n  var width = props.width,\n    height = props.height,\n    children = props.children;\n  var margin = props.margin || {};\n  var brushItem = findChildByType(children, Brush.displayName);\n  var legendItem = findChildByType(children, Legend.displayName);\n  var offsetH = Object.keys(yAxisMap).reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var entry = yAxisMap[id];\n    var orientation = entry.orientation;\n    if (!entry.mirror && !entry.hide) {\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, orientation, result[orientation] + entry.width));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {\n    left: margin.left || 0,\n    right: margin.right || 0\n  });\n  var offsetV = Object.keys(xAxisMap).reduce(function (result, id) {\n    var entry = xAxisMap[id];\n    var orientation = entry.orientation;\n    if (!entry.mirror && !entry.hide) {\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, orientation, _get(result, \"\".concat(orientation)) + entry.height));\n    }\n    return result;\n  }, {\n    top: margin.top || 0,\n    bottom: margin.bottom || 0\n  });\n  var offset = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offsetV), offsetH);\n  var brushBottom = offset.bottom;\n  if (brushItem) {\n    offset.bottom += brushItem.props.height || Brush.defaultProps.height;\n  }\n  if (legendItem && prevLegendBBox) {\n    offset = appendOffsetOfLegend(offset, graphicalItems, props, prevLegendBBox);\n  }\n  return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n    brushBottom: brushBottom\n  }, offset), {}, {\n    width: width - offset.left - offset.right,\n    height: height - offset.top - offset.bottom\n  });\n};\nexport var generateCategoricalChart = function generateCategoricalChart(_ref6) {\n  var _class, _temp;\n  var chartName = _ref6.chartName,\n    GraphicalChild = _ref6.GraphicalChild,\n    _ref6$defaultTooltipE = _ref6.defaultTooltipEventType,\n    defaultTooltipEventType = _ref6$defaultTooltipE === void 0 ? 'axis' : _ref6$defaultTooltipE,\n    _ref6$validateTooltip = _ref6.validateTooltipEventTypes,\n    validateTooltipEventTypes = _ref6$validateTooltip === void 0 ? ['axis'] : _ref6$validateTooltip,\n    axisComponents = _ref6.axisComponents,\n    legendContent = _ref6.legendContent,\n    formatAxisMap = _ref6.formatAxisMap,\n    defaultProps = _ref6.defaultProps;\n  var getFormatItems = function getFormatItems(props, currentState) {\n    var graphicalItems = currentState.graphicalItems,\n      stackGroups = currentState.stackGroups,\n      offset = currentState.offset,\n      updateId = currentState.updateId,\n      dataStartIndex = currentState.dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex = currentState.dataEndIndex;\n    var barSize = props.barSize,\n      layout = props.layout,\n      barGap = props.barGap,\n      barCategoryGap = props.barCategoryGap,\n      globalMaxBarSize = props.maxBarSize;\n    var _getAxisNameByLayout = getAxisNameByLayout(layout),\n      numericAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout.numericAxisName,\n      cateAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout.cateAxisName;\n    var hasBar = hasGraphicalBarItem(graphicalItems);\n    var sizeList = hasBar && getBarSizeList({\n      barSize: barSize,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups\n    });\n    var formattedItems = [];\n    graphicalItems.forEach(function (item, index) {\n      var displayedData = getDisplayedData(props.data, {\n        dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n        dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n      }, item);\n      var _item$props = item.props,\n        dataKey = _item$props.dataKey,\n        childMaxBarSize = _item$props.maxBarSize;\n      var numericAxisId = item.props[\"\".concat(numericAxisName, \"Id\")];\n      var cateAxisId = item.props[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Id\")];\n      var axisObj = axisComponents.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n        var _objectSpread6;\n        var axisMap = currentState[\"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Map\")];\n        var id = item.props[\"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Id\")];\n        var axis = axisMap && axisMap[id];\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, (_objectSpread6 = {}, _defineProperty(_objectSpread6, entry.axisType, axis), _defineProperty(_objectSpread6, \"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Ticks\"), getTicksOfAxis(axis)), _objectSpread6));\n      }, {});\n      var cateAxis = axisObj[cateAxisName];\n      var cateTicks = axisObj[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Ticks\")];\n      var stackedData = stackGroups && stackGroups[numericAxisId] && stackGroups[numericAxisId].hasStack && getStackedDataOfItem(item, stackGroups[numericAxisId].stackGroups);\n      var itemIsBar = getDisplayName(item.type).indexOf('Bar') >= 0;\n      var bandSize = getBandSizeOfAxis(cateAxis, cateTicks);\n      var barPosition = [];\n      if (itemIsBar) {\n        var _ref7, _getBandSizeOfAxis;\n\n        // 如果是bar，计算bar的位置\n        var maxBarSize = _isNil(childMaxBarSize) ? globalMaxBarSize : childMaxBarSize;\n        var barBandSize = (_ref7 = (_getBandSizeOfAxis = getBandSizeOfAxis(cateAxis, cateTicks, true)) !== null && _getBandSizeOfAxis !== void 0 ? _getBandSizeOfAxis : maxBarSize) !== null && _ref7 !== void 0 ? _ref7 : 0;\n        barPosition = getBarPosition({\n          barGap: barGap,\n          barCategoryGap: barCategoryGap,\n          bandSize: barBandSize !== bandSize ? barBandSize : bandSize,\n          sizeList: sizeList[cateAxisId],\n          maxBarSize: maxBarSize\n        });\n        if (barBandSize !== bandSize) {\n          barPosition = barPosition.map(function (pos) {\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, pos), {}, {\n              position: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, pos.position), {}, {\n                offset: pos.position.offset - barBandSize / 2\n              })\n            });\n          });\n        }\n      }\n      var composedFn = item && item.type && item.type.getComposedData;\n      if (composedFn) {\n        var _objectSpread7;\n        formattedItems.push({\n          props: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, composedFn(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n            displayedData: displayedData,\n            props: props,\n            dataKey: dataKey,\n            item: item,\n            bandSize: bandSize,\n            barPosition: barPosition,\n            offset: offset,\n            stackedData: stackedData,\n            layout: layout,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n          }))), {}, (_objectSpread7 = {\n            key: item.key || \"item-\".concat(index)\n          }, _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, numericAxisName, axisObj[numericAxisName]), _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, cateAxisName, axisObj[cateAxisName]), _defineProperty(_objectSpread7, \"animationId\", updateId), _objectSpread7)),\n          childIndex: parseChildIndex(item, props.children),\n          item: item\n        });\n      }\n    });\n    return formattedItems;\n  };\n  /**\n   * The AxisMaps are expensive to render on large data sets\n   * so provide the ability to store them in state and only update them when necessary\n   * they are dependent upon the start and end index of\n   * the brush so it's important that this method is called _after_\n   * the state is updated with any new start/end indices\n   *\n   * @param {Object} props          The props object to be used for updating the axismaps\n   * dataStartIndex: The start index of the data series when a brush is applied\n   * dataEndIndex: The end index of the data series when a brush is applied\n   * updateId: The update id\n   * @param {Object} prevState      Prev state\n   * @return {Object} state New state to set\n   */\n\n  var updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups = function updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_ref8, prevState) {\n    var props = _ref8.props,\n      dataStartIndex = _ref8.dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex = _ref8.dataEndIndex,\n      updateId = _ref8.updateId;\n    if (!validateWidthHeight({\n      props: props\n    })) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var children = props.children,\n      layout = props.layout,\n      stackOffset = props.stackOffset,\n      data = props.data,\n      reverseStackOrder = props.reverseStackOrder;\n    var _getAxisNameByLayout2 = getAxisNameByLayout(layout),\n      numericAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout2.numericAxisName,\n      cateAxisName = _getAxisNameByLayout2.cateAxisName;\n    var graphicalItems = findAllByType(children, GraphicalChild);\n    var stackGroups = getStackGroupsByAxisId(data, graphicalItems, \"\".concat(numericAxisName, \"Id\"), \"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Id\"), stackOffset, reverseStackOrder);\n    var axisObj = axisComponents.reduce(function (result, entry) {\n      var name = \"\".concat(entry.axisType, \"Map\");\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, result), {}, _defineProperty({}, name, getAxisMap(props, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n        graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n        stackGroups: entry.axisType === numericAxisName && stackGroups,\n        dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n        dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n      }))));\n    }, {});\n    var offset = calculateOffset(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n      props: props,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems\n    }), prevState === null || prevState === void 0 ? void 0 : prevState.legendBBox);\n    Object.keys(axisObj).forEach(function (key) {\n      axisObj[key] = formatAxisMap(props, axisObj[key], offset, key.replace('Map', ''), chartName);\n    });\n    var cateAxisMap = axisObj[\"\".concat(cateAxisName, \"Map\")];\n    var ticksObj = tooltipTicksGenerator(cateAxisMap);\n    var formattedGraphicalItems = getFormatItems(props, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisObj), {}, {\n      dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n      dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n      updateId: updateId,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups,\n      offset: offset\n    }));\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n      formattedGraphicalItems: formattedGraphicalItems,\n      graphicalItems: graphicalItems,\n      offset: offset,\n      stackGroups: stackGroups\n    }, ticksObj), axisObj);\n  };\n  return _temp = _class = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Component) {\n    _inherits(CategoricalChartWrapper, _Component);\n    var _super = _createSuper(CategoricalChartWrapper);\n\n    // todo join specific chart propTypes\n    function CategoricalChartWrapper(_props) {\n      var _this;\n      _classCallCheck(this, CategoricalChartWrapper);\n      _this = _super.call(this, _props);\n      _this.uniqueChartId = void 0;\n      _this.clipPathId = void 0;\n      _this.legendInstance = void 0;\n      _this.deferId = void 0;\n      _this.container = void 0;\n      _this.clearDeferId = function () {\n        if (!_isNil(_this.deferId) && deferClear) {\n          deferClear(_this.deferId);\n        }\n        _this.deferId = null;\n      };\n      _this.handleLegendBBoxUpdate = function (box) {\n        if (box) {\n          var _this$state = _this.state,\n            dataStartIndex = _this$state.dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex = _this$state.dataEndIndex,\n            updateId = _this$state.updateId;\n          _this.setState(_objectSpread({\n            legendBBox: box\n          }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n            props: _this.props,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n            updateId: updateId\n          }, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _this.state), {}, {\n            legendBBox: box\n          }))));\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleReceiveSyncEvent = function (cId, chartId, data) {\n        var syncId = _this.props.syncId;\n        if (syncId === cId && chartId !== _this.uniqueChartId) {\n          _this.clearDeferId();\n          _this.deferId = defer && defer(_this.applySyncEvent.bind(_assertThisInitialized(_this), data));\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleBrushChange = function (_ref9) {\n        var startIndex = _ref9.startIndex,\n          endIndex = _ref9.endIndex;\n\n        // Only trigger changes if the extents of the brush have actually changed\n        if (startIndex !== _this.state.dataStartIndex || endIndex !== _this.state.dataEndIndex) {\n          var updateId = _this.state.updateId;\n          _this.setState(function () {\n            return _objectSpread({\n              dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n              dataEndIndex: endIndex\n            }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n              props: _this.props,\n              dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n              dataEndIndex: endIndex,\n              updateId: updateId\n            }, _this.state));\n          });\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent({\n            dataStartIndex: startIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: endIndex\n          });\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseEnter = function (e) {\n        var onMouseEnter = _this.props.onMouseEnter;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        if (mouse) {\n          var _nextState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n            isTooltipActive: true\n          });\n          _this.setState(_nextState);\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent(_nextState);\n          if (_isFunction(onMouseEnter)) {\n            onMouseEnter(_nextState, e);\n          }\n        }\n      };\n      _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove = function (e) {\n        var onMouseMove = _this.props.onMouseMove;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        var nextState = mouse ? _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n          isTooltipActive: true\n        }) : {\n          isTooltipActive: false\n        };\n        _this.setState(nextState);\n        _this.triggerSyncEvent(nextState);\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseMove)) {\n          onMouseMove(nextState, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleItemMouseEnter = function (el) {\n        _this.setState(function () {\n          return {\n            isTooltipActive: true,\n            activeItem: el,\n            activePayload: el.tooltipPayload,\n            activeCoordinate: el.tooltipPosition || {\n              x: el.cx,\n              y: el.cy\n            }\n          };\n        });\n      };\n      _this.handleItemMouseLeave = function () {\n        _this.setState(function () {\n          return {\n            isTooltipActive: false\n          };\n        });\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseMove = function (e) {\n        if (e && _isFunction(e.persist)) {\n          e.persist();\n        }\n        _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove(e);\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseLeave = function (e) {\n        var onMouseLeave = _this.props.onMouseLeave;\n        var nextState = {\n          isTooltipActive: false\n        };\n        _this.setState(nextState);\n        _this.triggerSyncEvent(nextState);\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseLeave)) {\n          onMouseLeave(nextState, e);\n        }\n        _this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove();\n      };\n      _this.handleOuterEvent = function (e) {\n        var eventName = getReactEventByType(e);\n        var event = _get(_this.props, \"\".concat(eventName));\n        if (eventName && _isFunction(event)) {\n          var mouse;\n          if (/.*touch.*/i.test(eventName)) {\n            mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e.changedTouches[0]);\n          } else {\n            mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          }\n          var handler = event;\n          handler(mouse, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleClick = function (e) {\n        var onClick = _this.props.onClick;\n        var mouse = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n        if (mouse) {\n          var _nextState2 = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, mouse), {}, {\n            isTooltipActive: true\n          });\n          _this.setState(_nextState2);\n          _this.triggerSyncEvent(_nextState2);\n          if (_isFunction(onClick)) {\n            onClick(_nextState2, e);\n          }\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseDown = function (e) {\n        var onMouseDown = _this.props.onMouseDown;\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseDown)) {\n          var _nextState3 = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          onMouseDown(_nextState3, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleMouseUp = function (e) {\n        var onMouseUp = _this.props.onMouseUp;\n        if (_isFunction(onMouseUp)) {\n          var _nextState4 = _this.getMouseInfo(e);\n          onMouseUp(_nextState4, e);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchMove = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseMove(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchStart = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseDown(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.handleTouchEnd = function (e) {\n        if (e.changedTouches != null && e.changedTouches.length > 0) {\n          _this.handleMouseUp(e.changedTouches[0]);\n        }\n      };\n      _this.verticalCoordinatesGenerator = function (_ref10) {\n        var xAxis = _ref10.xAxis,\n          width = _ref10.width,\n          height = _ref10.height,\n          offset = _ref10.offset;\n        return getCoordinatesOfGrid(CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, CartesianAxis.defaultProps), xAxis), {}, {\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(xAxis, true),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }\n        })), offset.left, offset.left + offset.width);\n      };\n      _this.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator = function (_ref11) {\n        var yAxis = _ref11.yAxis,\n          width = _ref11.width,\n          height = _ref11.height,\n          offset = _ref11.offset;\n        return getCoordinatesOfGrid(CartesianAxis.getTicks(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, CartesianAxis.defaultProps), yAxis), {}, {\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(yAxis, true),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }\n        })), offset.top, offset.top + offset.height);\n      };\n      _this.axesTicksGenerator = function (axis) {\n        return getTicksOfAxis(axis, true);\n      };\n      _this.renderCursor = function (element) {\n        var _this$state2 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state2.isTooltipActive,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state2.activeCoordinate,\n          activePayload = _this$state2.activePayload,\n          offset = _this$state2.offset,\n          activeTooltipIndex = _this$state2.activeTooltipIndex;\n        var tooltipEventType = _this.getTooltipEventType();\n        if (!element || !element.props.cursor || !isTooltipActive || !activeCoordinate || chartName !== 'ScatterChart' && tooltipEventType !== 'axis') {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var layout = _this.props.layout;\n        var restProps;\n        var cursorComp = Curve;\n        if (chartName === 'ScatterChart') {\n          restProps = activeCoordinate;\n          cursorComp = Cross;\n        } else if (chartName === 'BarChart') {\n          restProps = _this.getCursorRectangle();\n          cursorComp = Rectangle;\n        } else if (layout === 'radial') {\n          var _this$getCursorPoints = _this.getCursorPoints(),\n            cx = _this$getCursorPoints.cx,\n            cy = _this$getCursorPoints.cy,\n            radius = _this$getCursorPoints.radius,\n            startAngle = _this$getCursorPoints.startAngle,\n            endAngle = _this$getCursorPoints.endAngle;\n          restProps = {\n            cx: cx,\n            cy: cy,\n            startAngle: startAngle,\n            endAngle: endAngle,\n            innerRadius: radius,\n            outerRadius: radius\n          };\n          cursorComp = Sector;\n        } else {\n          restProps = {\n            points: _this.getCursorPoints()\n          };\n          cursorComp = Curve;\n        }\n        var key = element.key || '_recharts-cursor';\n        var cursorProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          stroke: '#ccc',\n          pointerEvents: 'none'\n        }, offset), restProps), filterProps(element.props.cursor)), {}, {\n          payload: activePayload,\n          payloadIndex: activeTooltipIndex,\n          key: key,\n          className: 'recharts-tooltip-cursor'\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(element.props.cursor) ? /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element.props.cursor, cursorProps) : /*#__PURE__*/createElement(cursorComp, cursorProps);\n      };\n      _this.renderPolarAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var axisType = _get(element, 'type.axisType');\n        var axisMap = _get(_this.state, \"\".concat(axisType, \"Map\"));\n        var axisOption = axisMap[element.props[\"\".concat(axisType, \"Id\")]];\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, axisOption), {}, {\n          className: axisType,\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          ticks: getTicksOfAxis(axisOption, true)\n        }));\n      };\n      _this.renderXAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var xAxisMap = _this.state.xAxisMap;\n        var axisObj = xAxisMap[element.props.xAxisId];\n        return _this.renderAxis(axisObj, element, displayName, index);\n      };\n      _this.renderYAxis = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var yAxisMap = _this.state.yAxisMap;\n        var axisObj = yAxisMap[element.props.yAxisId];\n        return _this.renderAxis(axisObj, element, displayName, index);\n      };\n      _this.renderGrid = function (element) {\n        var _this$state3 = _this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state3.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state3.yAxisMap,\n          offset = _this$state3.offset;\n        var _this$props = _this.props,\n          width = _this$props.width,\n          height = _this$props.height;\n        var xAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(xAxisMap);\n        var yAxisWithFiniteDomain = _find(yAxisMap, function (axis) {\n          return _every(axis.domain, isFinit);\n        });\n        var yAxis = yAxisWithFiniteDomain || getAnyElementOfObject(yAxisMap);\n        var props = element.props || {};\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || 'grid',\n          x: isNumber(props.x) ? props.x : offset.left,\n          y: isNumber(props.y) ? props.y : offset.top,\n          width: isNumber(props.width) ? props.width : offset.width,\n          height: isNumber(props.height) ? props.height : offset.height,\n          xAxis: xAxis,\n          yAxis: yAxis,\n          offset: offset,\n          chartWidth: width,\n          chartHeight: height,\n          verticalCoordinatesGenerator: props.verticalCoordinatesGenerator || _this.verticalCoordinatesGenerator,\n          horizontalCoordinatesGenerator: props.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator || _this.horizontalCoordinatesGenerator\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderPolarGrid = function (element) {\n        var _element$props = element.props,\n          radialLines = _element$props.radialLines,\n          polarAngles = _element$props.polarAngles,\n          polarRadius = _element$props.polarRadius;\n        var _this$state4 = _this.state,\n          radiusAxisMap = _this$state4.radiusAxisMap,\n          angleAxisMap = _this$state4.angleAxisMap;\n        var radiusAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(radiusAxisMap);\n        var angleAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(angleAxisMap);\n        var cx = angleAxis.cx,\n          cy = angleAxis.cy,\n          innerRadius = angleAxis.innerRadius,\n          outerRadius = angleAxis.outerRadius;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          polarAngles: _isArray(polarAngles) ? polarAngles : getTicksOfAxis(angleAxis, true).map(function (entry) {\n            return entry.coordinate;\n          }),\n          polarRadius: _isArray(polarRadius) ? polarRadius : getTicksOfAxis(radiusAxis, true).map(function (entry) {\n            return entry.coordinate;\n          }),\n          cx: cx,\n          cy: cy,\n          innerRadius: innerRadius,\n          outerRadius: outerRadius,\n          key: element.key || 'polar-grid',\n          radialLines: radialLines\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderLegend = function () {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = _this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        var _this$props2 = _this.props,\n          children = _this$props2.children,\n          width = _this$props2.width,\n          height = _this$props2.height;\n        var margin = _this.props.margin || {};\n        var legendWidth = width - (margin.left || 0) - (margin.right || 0);\n        var props = getLegendProps({\n          children: children,\n          formattedGraphicalItems: formattedGraphicalItems,\n          legendWidth: legendWidth,\n          legendContent: legendContent\n        });\n        if (!props) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var item = props.item,\n          otherProps = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"item\"]);\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(item, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, otherProps), {}, {\n          chartWidth: width,\n          chartHeight: height,\n          margin: margin,\n          ref: function ref(legend) {\n            _this.legendInstance = legend;\n          },\n          onBBoxUpdate: _this.handleLegendBBoxUpdate\n        }));\n      };\n      _this.renderTooltip = function () {\n        var children = _this.props.children;\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        if (!tooltipItem) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$state5 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state5.isTooltipActive,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state5.activeCoordinate,\n          activePayload = _this$state5.activePayload,\n          activeLabel = _this$state5.activeLabel,\n          offset = _this$state5.offset;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(tooltipItem, {\n          viewBox: _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top\n          }),\n          active: isTooltipActive,\n          label: activeLabel,\n          payload: isTooltipActive ? activePayload : [],\n          coordinate: activeCoordinate\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderBrush = function (element) {\n        var _this$props3 = _this.props,\n          margin = _this$props3.margin,\n          data = _this$props3.data;\n        var _this$state6 = _this.state,\n          offset = _this$state6.offset,\n          dataStartIndex = _this$state6.dataStartIndex,\n          dataEndIndex = _this$state6.dataEndIndex,\n          updateId = _this$state6.updateId; // TODO: update brush when children update\n\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || '_recharts-brush',\n          onChange: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleBrushChange, null, element.props.onChange),\n          data: data,\n          x: isNumber(element.props.x) ? element.props.x : offset.left,\n          y: isNumber(element.props.y) ? element.props.y : offset.top + offset.height + offset.brushBottom - (margin.bottom || 0),\n          width: isNumber(element.props.width) ? element.props.width : offset.width,\n          startIndex: dataStartIndex,\n          endIndex: dataEndIndex,\n          updateId: \"brush-\".concat(updateId)\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderReferenceElement = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        if (!element) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _assertThisInitialize = _assertThisInitialized(_this),\n          clipPathId = _assertThisInitialize.clipPathId;\n        var _this$state7 = _this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state7.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state7.yAxisMap,\n          offset = _this$state7.offset;\n        var _element$props2 = element.props,\n          xAxisId = _element$props2.xAxisId,\n          yAxisId = _element$props2.yAxisId;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, {\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          xAxis: xAxisMap[xAxisId],\n          yAxis: yAxisMap[yAxisId],\n          viewBox: {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top,\n            width: offset.width,\n            height: offset.height\n          },\n          clipPathId: clipPathId\n        });\n      };\n      _this.renderActivePoints = function (_ref12) {\n        var item = _ref12.item,\n          activePoint = _ref12.activePoint,\n          basePoint = _ref12.basePoint,\n          childIndex = _ref12.childIndex,\n          isRange = _ref12.isRange;\n        var result = [];\n        var key = item.props.key;\n        var _item$item$props = item.item.props,\n          activeDot = _item$item$props.activeDot,\n          dataKey = _item$item$props.dataKey;\n        var dotProps = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          index: childIndex,\n          dataKey: dataKey,\n          cx: activePoint.x,\n          cy: activePoint.y,\n          r: 4,\n          fill: getMainColorOfGraphicItem(item.item),\n          strokeWidth: 2,\n          stroke: '#fff',\n          payload: activePoint.payload,\n          value: activePoint.value,\n          key: \"\".concat(key, \"-activePoint-\").concat(childIndex)\n        }, filterProps(activeDot)), adaptEventHandlers(activeDot));\n        result.push(CategoricalChartWrapper.renderActiveDot(activeDot, dotProps));\n        if (basePoint) {\n          result.push(CategoricalChartWrapper.renderActiveDot(activeDot, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, dotProps), {}, {\n            cx: basePoint.x,\n            cy: basePoint.y,\n            key: \"\".concat(key, \"-basePoint-\").concat(childIndex)\n          })));\n        } else if (isRange) {\n          result.push(null);\n        }\n        return result;\n      };\n      _this.renderGraphicChild = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        var item = _this.filterFormatItem(element, displayName, index);\n        if (!item) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var tooltipEventType = _this.getTooltipEventType();\n        var _this$state8 = _this.state,\n          isTooltipActive = _this$state8.isTooltipActive,\n          tooltipAxis = _this$state8.tooltipAxis,\n          activeTooltipIndex = _this$state8.activeTooltipIndex,\n          activeLabel = _this$state8.activeLabel;\n        var children = _this.props.children;\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        var _item$props2 = item.props,\n          points = _item$props2.points,\n          isRange = _item$props2.isRange,\n          baseLine = _item$props2.baseLine;\n        var _item$item$props2 = item.item.props,\n          activeDot = _item$item$props2.activeDot,\n          hide = _item$item$props2.hide;\n        var hasActive = !hide && isTooltipActive && tooltipItem && activeDot && activeTooltipIndex >= 0;\n        var itemEvents = {};\n        if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis' && tooltipItem && tooltipItem.props.trigger === 'click') {\n          itemEvents = {\n            onClick: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseEnter, null, element.props.onCLick)\n          };\n        } else if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis') {\n          itemEvents = {\n            onMouseLeave: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseLeave, null, element.props.onMouseLeave),\n            onMouseEnter: combineEventHandlers(_this.handleItemMouseEnter, null, element.props.onMouseEnter)\n          };\n        }\n        var graphicalItem = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, item.props), itemEvents));\n        function findWithPayload(entry) {\n          // TODO needs to verify dataKey is Function\n          return typeof tooltipAxis.dataKey === 'function' ? tooltipAxis.dataKey(entry.payload) : null;\n        }\n        if (hasActive) {\n          var activePoint, basePoint;\n          if (tooltipAxis.dataKey && !tooltipAxis.allowDuplicatedCategory) {\n            // number transform to string\n            var specifiedKey = typeof tooltipAxis.dataKey === 'function' ? findWithPayload : 'payload.'.concat(tooltipAxis.dataKey.toString());\n            activePoint = findEntryInArray(points, specifiedKey, activeLabel);\n            basePoint = isRange && baseLine && findEntryInArray(baseLine, specifiedKey, activeLabel);\n          } else {\n            activePoint = points[activeTooltipIndex];\n            basePoint = isRange && baseLine && baseLine[activeTooltipIndex];\n          }\n          if (!_isNil(activePoint)) {\n            return [graphicalItem].concat(_toConsumableArray(_this.renderActivePoints({\n              item: item,\n              activePoint: activePoint,\n              basePoint: basePoint,\n              childIndex: activeTooltipIndex,\n              isRange: isRange\n            })));\n          }\n        }\n        if (isRange) {\n          return [graphicalItem, null, null];\n        }\n        return [graphicalItem, null];\n      };\n      _this.renderCustomized = function (element, displayName, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(element, _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n          key: \"recharts-customized-\".concat(index)\n        }, _this.props), _this.state));\n      };\n      _this.uniqueChartId = _isNil(_props.id) ? uniqueId('recharts') : _props.id;\n      _this.clipPathId = \"\".concat(_this.uniqueChartId, \"-clip\");\n      if (_props.throttleDelay) {\n        _this.triggeredAfterMouseMove = _throttle(_this.triggeredAfterMouseMove, _props.throttleDelay);\n      }\n      _this.state = {};\n      return _this;\n    }\n    /* eslint-disable  react/no-did-mount-set-state */\n\n    _createClass(CategoricalChartWrapper, [{\n      key: \"componentDidMount\",\n      value: function componentDidMount() {\n        if (!_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.addListener();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"componentDidUpdate\",\n      value: function componentDidUpdate(prevProps) {\n        // add syncId\n        if (_isNil(prevProps.syncId) && !_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.addListener();\n        } // remove syncId\n\n        if (!_isNil(prevProps.syncId) && _isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.removeListener();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"componentWillUnmount\",\n      value: function componentWillUnmount() {\n        this.clearDeferId();\n        if (!_isNil(this.props.syncId)) {\n          this.removeListener();\n        }\n        this.cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove();\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove\",\n      value: function cancelThrottledTriggerAfterMouseMove() {\n        if (typeof this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel === 'function') {\n          this.triggeredAfterMouseMove.cancel();\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getTooltipEventType\",\n      value: function getTooltipEventType() {\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(this.props.children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        if (tooltipItem && _isBoolean(tooltipItem.props.shared)) {\n          var eventType = tooltipItem.props.shared ? 'axis' : 'item';\n          return validateTooltipEventTypes.indexOf(eventType) >= 0 ? eventType : defaultTooltipEventType;\n        }\n        return defaultTooltipEventType;\n      }\n      /**\n       * Get the information of mouse in chart, return null when the mouse is not in the chart\n       * @param  {Object} event    The event object\n       * @return {Object}          Mouse data\n       */\n    }, {\n      key: \"getMouseInfo\",\n      value: function getMouseInfo(event) {\n        if (!this.container) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var containerOffset = getOffset(this.container);\n        var e = calculateChartCoordinate(event, containerOffset);\n        var rangeObj = this.inRange(e.chartX, e.chartY);\n        if (!rangeObj) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$state9 = this.state,\n          xAxisMap = _this$state9.xAxisMap,\n          yAxisMap = _this$state9.yAxisMap;\n        var tooltipEventType = this.getTooltipEventType();\n        if (tooltipEventType !== 'axis' && xAxisMap && yAxisMap) {\n          var xScale = getAnyElementOfObject(xAxisMap).scale;\n          var yScale = getAnyElementOfObject(yAxisMap).scale;\n          var xValue = xScale && xScale.invert ? xScale.invert(e.chartX) : null;\n          var yValue = yScale && yScale.invert ? yScale.invert(e.chartY) : null;\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, e), {}, {\n            xValue: xValue,\n            yValue: yValue\n          });\n        }\n        var toolTipData = getTooltipData(this.state, this.props.data, this.props.layout, rangeObj);\n        if (toolTipData) {\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, e), toolTipData);\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getCursorRectangle\",\n      value: function getCursorRectangle() {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        var _this$state10 = this.state,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state10.activeCoordinate,\n          offset = _this$state10.offset,\n          tooltipAxisBandSize = _this$state10.tooltipAxisBandSize;\n        var halfSize = tooltipAxisBandSize / 2;\n        return {\n          stroke: 'none',\n          fill: '#ccc',\n          x: layout === 'horizontal' ? activeCoordinate.x - halfSize : offset.left + 0.5,\n          y: layout === 'horizontal' ? offset.top + 0.5 : activeCoordinate.y - halfSize,\n          width: layout === 'horizontal' ? tooltipAxisBandSize : offset.width - 1,\n          height: layout === 'horizontal' ? offset.height - 1 : tooltipAxisBandSize\n        };\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getCursorPoints\",\n      value: function getCursorPoints() {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        var _this$state11 = this.state,\n          activeCoordinate = _this$state11.activeCoordinate,\n          offset = _this$state11.offset;\n        var x1, y1, x2, y2;\n        if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n          x1 = activeCoordinate.x;\n          x2 = x1;\n          y1 = offset.top;\n          y2 = offset.top + offset.height;\n        } else if (layout === 'vertical') {\n          y1 = activeCoordinate.y;\n          y2 = y1;\n          x1 = offset.left;\n          x2 = offset.left + offset.width;\n        } else if (!_isNil(activeCoordinate.cx) || !_isNil(activeCoordinate.cy)) {\n          if (layout === 'centric') {\n            var cx = activeCoordinate.cx,\n              cy = activeCoordinate.cy,\n              innerRadius = activeCoordinate.innerRadius,\n              outerRadius = activeCoordinate.outerRadius,\n              angle = activeCoordinate.angle;\n            var innerPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, innerRadius, angle);\n            var outerPoint = polarToCartesian(cx, cy, outerRadius, angle);\n            x1 = innerPoint.x;\n            y1 = innerPoint.y;\n            x2 = outerPoint.x;\n            y2 = outerPoint.y;\n          } else {\n            var _cx = activeCoordinate.cx,\n              _cy = activeCoordinate.cy,\n              radius = activeCoordinate.radius,\n              startAngle = activeCoordinate.startAngle,\n              endAngle = activeCoordinate.endAngle;\n            var startPoint = polarToCartesian(_cx, _cy, radius, startAngle);\n            var endPoint = polarToCartesian(_cx, _cy, radius, endAngle);\n            return {\n              points: [startPoint, endPoint],\n              cx: _cx,\n              cy: _cy,\n              radius: radius,\n              startAngle: startAngle,\n              endAngle: endAngle\n            };\n          }\n        }\n        return [{\n          x: x1,\n          y: y1\n        }, {\n          x: x2,\n          y: y2\n        }];\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"inRange\",\n      value: function inRange(x, y) {\n        var layout = this.props.layout;\n        if (layout === 'horizontal' || layout === 'vertical') {\n          var offset = this.state.offset;\n          var isInRange = x >= offset.left && x <= offset.left + offset.width && y >= offset.top && y <= offset.top + offset.height;\n          return isInRange ? {\n            x: x,\n            y: y\n          } : null;\n        }\n        var _this$state12 = this.state,\n          angleAxisMap = _this$state12.angleAxisMap,\n          radiusAxisMap = _this$state12.radiusAxisMap;\n        if (angleAxisMap && radiusAxisMap) {\n          var angleAxis = getAnyElementOfObject(angleAxisMap);\n          return inRangeOfSector({\n            x: x,\n            y: y\n          }, angleAxis);\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"parseEventsOfWrapper\",\n      value: function parseEventsOfWrapper() {\n        var children = this.props.children;\n        var tooltipEventType = this.getTooltipEventType();\n        var tooltipItem = findChildByType(children, Tooltip.displayName);\n        var tooltipEvents = {};\n        if (tooltipItem && tooltipEventType === 'axis') {\n          if (tooltipItem.props.trigger === 'click') {\n            tooltipEvents = {\n              onClick: this.handleClick\n            };\n          } else {\n            tooltipEvents = {\n              onMouseEnter: this.handleMouseEnter,\n              onMouseMove: this.handleMouseMove,\n              onMouseLeave: this.handleMouseLeave,\n              onTouchMove: this.handleTouchMove,\n              onTouchStart: this.handleTouchStart,\n              onTouchEnd: this.handleTouchEnd\n            };\n          }\n        }\n        var outerEvents = adaptEventHandlers(this.props, this.handleOuterEvent);\n        return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, outerEvents), tooltipEvents);\n      }\n      /* eslint-disable  no-underscore-dangle */\n    }, {\n      key: \"addListener\",\n      value: function addListener() {\n        eventCenter.on(SYNC_EVENT, this.handleReceiveSyncEvent);\n        if (eventCenter.setMaxListeners && eventCenter._maxListeners) {\n          eventCenter.setMaxListeners(eventCenter._maxListeners + 1);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"removeListener\",\n      value: function removeListener() {\n        eventCenter.removeListener(SYNC_EVENT, this.handleReceiveSyncEvent);\n        if (eventCenter.setMaxListeners && eventCenter._maxListeners) {\n          eventCenter.setMaxListeners(eventCenter._maxListeners - 1);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"triggerSyncEvent\",\n      value: function triggerSyncEvent(data) {\n        var syncId = this.props.syncId;\n        if (!_isNil(syncId)) {\n          eventCenter.emit(SYNC_EVENT, syncId, this.uniqueChartId, data);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"applySyncEvent\",\n      value: function applySyncEvent(data) {\n        var _this$props4 = this.props,\n          layout = _this$props4.layout,\n          syncMethod = _this$props4.syncMethod;\n        var updateId = this.state.updateId;\n        var dataStartIndex = data.dataStartIndex,\n          dataEndIndex = data.dataEndIndex;\n        if (!_isNil(data.dataStartIndex) || !_isNil(data.dataEndIndex)) {\n          this.setState(_objectSpread({\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex\n          }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups({\n            props: this.props,\n            dataStartIndex: dataStartIndex,\n            dataEndIndex: dataEndIndex,\n            updateId: updateId\n          }, this.state)));\n        } else if (!_isNil(data.activeTooltipIndex)) {\n          var chartX = data.chartX,\n            chartY = data.chartY;\n          var activeTooltipIndex = data.activeTooltipIndex;\n          var _this$state13 = this.state,\n            offset = _this$state13.offset,\n            tooltipTicks = _this$state13.tooltipTicks;\n          if (!offset) {\n            return;\n          }\n          if (typeof syncMethod === 'function') {\n            // Call a callback function. If there is an application specific algorithm\n            activeTooltipIndex = syncMethod(tooltipTicks, data);\n          } else if (syncMethod === 'value') {\n            // Set activeTooltipIndex to the index with the same value as data.activeLabel\n            // For loop instead of findIndex because the latter is very slow in some browsers\n            activeTooltipIndex = -1; // in case we cannot find the element\n\n            for (var i = 0; i < tooltipTicks.length; i++) {\n              if (tooltipTicks[i].value === data.activeLabel) {\n                activeTooltipIndex = i;\n                break;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          var viewBox = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, offset), {}, {\n            x: offset.left,\n            y: offset.top\n          }); // When a categotical chart is combined with another chart, the value of chartX\n          // and chartY may beyond the boundaries.\n\n          var validateChartX = Math.min(chartX, viewBox.x + viewBox.width);\n          var validateChartY = Math.min(chartY, viewBox.y + viewBox.height);\n          var activeLabel = tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex] && tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].value;\n          var activePayload = getTooltipContent(this.state, this.props.data, activeTooltipIndex);\n          var activeCoordinate = tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex] ? {\n            x: layout === 'horizontal' ? tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].coordinate : validateChartX,\n            y: layout === 'horizontal' ? validateChartY : tooltipTicks[activeTooltipIndex].coordinate\n          } : originCoordinate;\n          this.setState(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, data), {}, {\n            activeLabel: activeLabel,\n            activeCoordinate: activeCoordinate,\n            activePayload: activePayload,\n            activeTooltipIndex: activeTooltipIndex\n          }));\n        } else {\n          this.setState(data);\n        }\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"filterFormatItem\",\n      value: function filterFormatItem(item, displayName, childIndex) {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        for (var i = 0, len = formattedGraphicalItems.length; i < len; i++) {\n          var entry = formattedGraphicalItems[i];\n          if (entry.item === item || entry.props.key === item.key || displayName === getDisplayName(entry.item.type) && childIndex === entry.childIndex) {\n            return entry;\n          }\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"renderAxis\",\n      value:\n      /**\n       * Draw axis\n       * @param {Object} axisOptions The options of axis\n       * @param {Object} element      The axis element\n       * @param {String} displayName  The display name of axis\n       * @param {Number} index        The index of element\n       * @return {ReactElement}       The instance of x-axes\n       */\n      function renderAxis(axisOptions, element, displayName, index) {\n        var _this$props5 = this.props,\n          width = _this$props5.width,\n          height = _this$props5.height;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(CartesianAxis, _extends({}, axisOptions, {\n          className: \"recharts-\".concat(axisOptions.axisType, \" \").concat(axisOptions.axisType),\n          key: element.key || \"\".concat(displayName, \"-\").concat(index),\n          viewBox: {\n            x: 0,\n            y: 0,\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          },\n          ticksGenerator: this.axesTicksGenerator\n        }));\n      }\n      /**\n       * Draw grid\n       * @param  {ReactElement} element the grid item\n       * @return {ReactElement} The instance of grid\n       */\n    }, {\n      key: \"renderClipPath\",\n      value: function renderClipPath() {\n        var clipPathId = this.clipPathId;\n        var _this$state$offset = this.state.offset,\n          left = _this$state$offset.left,\n          top = _this$state$offset.top,\n          height = _this$state$offset.height,\n          width = _this$state$offset.width;\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"clipPath\", {\n          id: clipPathId\n        }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n          x: left,\n          y: top,\n          height: height,\n          width: width\n        })));\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getXScales\",\n      value: function getXScales() {\n        var xAxisMap = this.state.xAxisMap;\n        return xAxisMap ? Object.entries(xAxisMap).reduce(function (res, _ref13) {\n          var _ref14 = _slicedToArray(_ref13, 2),\n            axisId = _ref14[0],\n            axisProps = _ref14[1];\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, axisProps.scale));\n        }, {}) : null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getYScales\",\n      value: function getYScales() {\n        var yAxisMap = this.state.yAxisMap;\n        return yAxisMap ? Object.entries(yAxisMap).reduce(function (res, _ref15) {\n          var _ref16 = _slicedToArray(_ref15, 2),\n            axisId = _ref16[0],\n            axisProps = _ref16[1];\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, res), {}, _defineProperty({}, axisId, axisProps.scale));\n        }, {}) : null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getXScaleByAxisId\",\n      value: function getXScaleByAxisId(axisId) {\n        var _this$state$xAxisMap, _this$state$xAxisMap$;\n        return (_this$state$xAxisMap = this.state.xAxisMap) === null || _this$state$xAxisMap === void 0 ? void 0 : (_this$state$xAxisMap$ = _this$state$xAxisMap[axisId]) === null || _this$state$xAxisMap$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$state$xAxisMap$.scale;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getYScaleByAxisId\",\n      value: function getYScaleByAxisId(axisId) {\n        var _this$state$yAxisMap, _this$state$yAxisMap$;\n        return (_this$state$yAxisMap = this.state.yAxisMap) === null || _this$state$yAxisMap === void 0 ? void 0 : (_this$state$yAxisMap$ = _this$state$yAxisMap[axisId]) === null || _this$state$yAxisMap$ === void 0 ? void 0 : _this$state$yAxisMap$.scale;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"getItemByXY\",\n      value: function getItemByXY(chartXY) {\n        var formattedGraphicalItems = this.state.formattedGraphicalItems;\n        if (formattedGraphicalItems && formattedGraphicalItems.length) {\n          for (var i = 0, len = formattedGraphicalItems.length; i < len; i++) {\n            var graphicalItem = formattedGraphicalItems[i];\n            var props = graphicalItem.props,\n              item = graphicalItem.item;\n            var itemDisplayName = getDisplayName(item.type);\n            if (itemDisplayName === 'Bar') {\n              var activeBarItem = (props.data || []).find(function (entry) {\n                return isInRectangle(chartXY, entry);\n              });\n              if (activeBarItem) {\n                return {\n                  graphicalItem: graphicalItem,\n                  payload: activeBarItem\n                };\n              }\n            } else if (itemDisplayName === 'RadialBar') {\n              var _activeBarItem = (props.data || []).find(function (entry) {\n                return inRangeOfSector(chartXY, entry);\n              });\n              if (_activeBarItem) {\n                return {\n                  graphicalItem: graphicalItem,\n                  payload: _activeBarItem\n                };\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        return null;\n      }\n    }, {\n      key: \"render\",\n      value: function render() {\n        var _this2 = this;\n        if (!validateWidthHeight(this)) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var _this$props6 = this.props,\n          children = _this$props6.children,\n          className = _this$props6.className,\n          width = _this$props6.width,\n          height = _this$props6.height,\n          style = _this$props6.style,\n          compact = _this$props6.compact,\n          title = _this$props6.title,\n          desc = _this$props6.desc,\n          others = _objectWithoutProperties(_this$props6, [\"children\", \"className\", \"width\", \"height\", \"style\", \"compact\", \"title\", \"desc\"]);\n        var attrs = filterProps(others);\n        var map = {\n          CartesianGrid: {\n            handler: this.renderGrid,\n            once: true\n          },\n          ReferenceArea: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          ReferenceLine: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          ReferenceDot: {\n            handler: this.renderReferenceElement\n          },\n          XAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderXAxis\n          },\n          YAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderYAxis\n          },\n          Brush: {\n            handler: this.renderBrush,\n            once: true\n          },\n          Bar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Line: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Area: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Radar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          RadialBar: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Scatter: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Pie: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Funnel: {\n            handler: this.renderGraphicChild\n          },\n          Tooltip: {\n            handler: this.renderCursor,\n            once: true\n          },\n          PolarGrid: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarGrid,\n            once: true\n          },\n          PolarAngleAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarAxis\n          },\n          PolarRadiusAxis: {\n            handler: this.renderPolarAxis\n          },\n          Customized: {\n            handler: this.renderCustomized\n          }\n        }; // The \"compact\" mode is mainly used as the panorama within Brush\n\n        if (compact) {\n          return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, _extends({}, attrs, {\n            width: width,\n            height: height,\n            title: title,\n            desc: desc\n          }), this.renderClipPath(), renderByOrder(children, map));\n        }\n        var events = this.parseEventsOfWrapper();\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"div\", _extends({\n          className: classNames('recharts-wrapper', className),\n          style: _objectSpread({\n            position: 'relative',\n            cursor: 'default',\n            width: width,\n            height: height\n          }, style)\n        }, events, {\n          ref: function ref(node) {\n            _this2.container = node;\n          }\n        }), /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Surface, _extends({}, attrs, {\n          width: width,\n          height: height,\n          title: title,\n          desc: desc\n        }), this.renderClipPath(), renderByOrder(children, map)), this.renderLegend(), this.renderTooltip());\n      }\n    }]);\n    return CategoricalChartWrapper;\n  }(Component), _class.displayName = chartName, _class.defaultProps = _objectSpread({\n    layout: 'horizontal',\n    stackOffset: 'none',\n    barCategoryGap: '10%',\n    barGap: 4,\n    margin: {\n      top: 5,\n      right: 5,\n      bottom: 5,\n      left: 5\n    },\n    reverseStackOrder: false,\n    syncMethod: 'index'\n  }, defaultProps), _class.getDerivedStateFromProps = function (nextProps, prevState) {\n    var data = nextProps.data,\n      children = nextProps.children,\n      width = nextProps.width,\n      height = nextProps.height,\n      layout = nextProps.layout,\n      stackOffset = nextProps.stackOffset,\n      margin = nextProps.margin;\n    if (_isNil(prevState.updateId)) {\n      var defaultState = createDefaultState(nextProps);\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, defaultState), {}, {\n        updateId: 0\n      }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, defaultState), {}, {\n        updateId: 0\n      }), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevData: data,\n        prevWidth: width,\n        prevHeight: height,\n        prevLayout: layout,\n        prevStackOffset: stackOffset,\n        prevMargin: margin,\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    if (data !== prevState.prevData || width !== prevState.prevWidth || height !== prevState.prevHeight || layout !== prevState.prevLayout || stackOffset !== prevState.prevStackOffset || !shallowEqual(margin, prevState.prevMargin)) {\n      var _defaultState = createDefaultState(nextProps); // Fixes https://github.com/recharts/recharts/issues/2143\n\n      var keepFromPrevState = {\n        // (chartX, chartY) are (0,0) in default state, but we want to keep the last mouse position to avoid\n        // any flickering\n        chartX: prevState.chartX,\n        chartY: prevState.chartY,\n        // The tooltip should stay active when it was active in the previous render. If this is not\n        // the case, the tooltip disappears and immediately re-appears, causing a flickering effect\n        isTooltipActive: prevState.isTooltipActive\n      };\n      var updatesToState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, getTooltipData(prevState, data, layout)), {}, {\n        updateId: prevState.updateId + 1\n      });\n      var newState = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, _defaultState), keepFromPrevState), updatesToState);\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, newState), updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, newState), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevData: data,\n        prevWidth: width,\n        prevHeight: height,\n        prevLayout: layout,\n        prevStackOffset: stackOffset,\n        prevMargin: margin,\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    if (!isChildrenEqual(children, prevState.prevChildren)) {\n      // update configuration in chilren\n      var hasGlobalData = !_isNil(data);\n      var newUpdateId = hasGlobalData ? prevState.updateId : prevState.updateId + 1;\n      return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        updateId: newUpdateId\n      }, updateStateOfAxisMapsOffsetAndStackGroups(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({\n        props: nextProps\n      }, prevState), {}, {\n        updateId: newUpdateId\n      }), prevState)), {}, {\n        prevChildren: children\n      });\n    }\n    return null;\n  }, _class.renderActiveDot = function (option, props) {\n    var dot;\n    if ( /*#__PURE__*/isValidElement(option)) {\n      dot = /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(option, props);\n    } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n      dot = option(props);\n    } else {\n      dot = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Dot, props);\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n      className: \"recharts-active-dot\",\n      key: props.key\n    }, dot);\n  }, _temp;\n};","function _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction _slicedToArray(arr, i) {\n  return _arrayWithHoles(arr) || _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr, i) || _nonIterableRest();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableRest() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _iterableToArrayLimit(arr, i) {\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"undefined\" || !(Symbol.iterator in Object(arr))) return;\n  var _arr = [];\n  var _n = true;\n  var _d = false;\n  var _e = undefined;\n  try {\n    for (var _i = arr[Symbol.iterator](), _s; !(_n = (_s = _i.next()).done); _n = true) {\n      _arr.push(_s.value);\n      if (i && _arr.length === i) break;\n    }\n  } catch (err) {\n    _d = true;\n    _e = err;\n  } finally {\n    try {\n      if (!_n && _i[\"return\"] != null) _i[\"return\"]();\n    } finally {\n      if (_d) throw _e;\n    }\n  }\n  return _arr;\n}\nfunction _arrayWithHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return arr;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Render a group of error bar\n */\nimport React from 'react';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nexport function ErrorBar(props) {\n  var offset = props.offset,\n    layout = props.layout,\n    width = props.width,\n    dataKey = props.dataKey,\n    data = props.data,\n    dataPointFormatter = props.dataPointFormatter,\n    xAxis = props.xAxis,\n    yAxis = props.yAxis,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"offset\", \"layout\", \"width\", \"dataKey\", \"data\", \"dataPointFormatter\", \"xAxis\", \"yAxis\"]);\n  var svgProps = filterProps(others);\n  var errorBars = data.map(function (entry, i) {\n    var _dataPointFormatter = dataPointFormatter(entry, dataKey),\n      x = _dataPointFormatter.x,\n      y = _dataPointFormatter.y,\n      value = _dataPointFormatter.value,\n      errorVal = _dataPointFormatter.errorVal;\n    if (!errorVal) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    var lineCoordinates = [];\n    var lowBound, highBound;\n    if (Array.isArray(errorVal)) {\n      var _errorVal = _slicedToArray(errorVal, 2);\n      lowBound = _errorVal[0];\n      highBound = _errorVal[1];\n    } else {\n      lowBound = highBound = errorVal;\n    }\n    if (layout === 'vertical') {\n      // error bar for horizontal charts, the y is fixed, x is a range value\n      var scale = xAxis.scale;\n      var yMid = y + offset;\n      var yMin = yMid + width;\n      var yMax = yMid - width;\n      var xMin = scale(value - lowBound);\n      var xMax = scale(value + highBound); // the right line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMax,\n        y1: yMin,\n        x2: xMax,\n        y2: yMax\n      }); // the middle line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMin,\n        y1: yMid,\n        x2: xMax,\n        y2: yMid\n      }); // the left line of |--|\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMin,\n        y1: yMin,\n        x2: xMin,\n        y2: yMax\n      });\n    } else if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      // error bar for horizontal charts, the x is fixed, y is a range value\n      var _scale = yAxis.scale;\n      var xMid = x + offset;\n      var _xMin = xMid - width;\n      var _xMax = xMid + width;\n      var _yMin = _scale(value - lowBound);\n      var _yMax = _scale(value + highBound); // the top line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: _xMin,\n        y1: _yMax,\n        x2: _xMax,\n        y2: _yMax\n      }); // the middle line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: xMid,\n        y1: _yMin,\n        x2: xMid,\n        y2: _yMax\n      }); // the bottom line\n\n      lineCoordinates.push({\n        x1: _xMin,\n        y1: _yMin,\n        x2: _xMax,\n        y2: _yMin\n      });\n    }\n    return /*#__PURE__*/(\n      // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n      React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n        className: \"recharts-errorBar\",\n        key: \"bar-\".concat(i)\n      }, svgProps), lineCoordinates.map(function (coordinates, index) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/(\n          // eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key\n          React.createElement(\"line\", _extends({}, coordinates, {\n            key: \"line-\".concat(index)\n          }))\n        );\n      }))\n    );\n  });\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: \"recharts-errorBars\"\n  }, errorBars);\n}\nErrorBar.defaultProps = {\n  stroke: 'black',\n  strokeWidth: 1.5,\n  width: 5,\n  offset: 0,\n  layout: 'horizontal'\n};\nErrorBar.displayName = 'ErrorBar';","/**\n * @fileOverview Cross\n */\nexport var Cell = function Cell(_props) {\n  return null;\n};\nCell.displayName = 'Cell';","import _isObject from \"lodash/isObject\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _last from \"lodash/last\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _toConsumableArray(arr) {\n  return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread();\n}\nfunction _nonIterableSpread() {\n  throw new TypeError(\"Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method.\");\n}\nfunction _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) {\n  if (!o) return;\n  if (typeof o === \"string\") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n  var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1);\n  if (n === \"Object\" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name;\n  if (n === \"Map\" || n === \"Set\") return Array.from(o);\n  if (n === \"Arguments\" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen);\n}\nfunction _iterableToArray(iter) {\n  if (typeof Symbol !== \"undefined\" && Symbol.iterator in Object(iter)) return Array.from(iter);\n}\nfunction _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) {\n  if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr);\n}\nfunction _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) {\n  if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length;\n  for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) {\n    arr2[i] = arr[i];\n  }\n  return arr2;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nimport React, { cloneElement } from 'react';\nimport { Label } from './Label';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { getValueByDataKey } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { filterProps } from '../util/types';\nvar defaultProps = {\n  valueAccessor: function valueAccessor(entry) {\n    return _isArray(entry.value) ? _last(entry.value) : entry.value;\n  }\n};\nexport function LabelList(props) {\n  var data = props.data,\n    valueAccessor = props.valueAccessor,\n    dataKey = props.dataKey,\n    clockWise = props.clockWise,\n    id = props.id,\n    textBreakAll = props.textBreakAll,\n    others = _objectWithoutProperties(props, [\"data\", \"valueAccessor\", \"dataKey\", \"clockWise\", \"id\", \"textBreakAll\"]);\n  if (!data || !data.length) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n    className: \"recharts-label-list\"\n  }, data.map(function (entry, index) {\n    var value = _isNil(dataKey) ? valueAccessor(entry, index) : getValueByDataKey(entry && entry.payload, dataKey);\n    var idProps = _isNil(id) ? {} : {\n      id: \"\".concat(id, \"-\").concat(index)\n    };\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Label, _extends({}, filterProps(entry, true), others, idProps, {\n      parentViewBox: entry.parentViewBox,\n      index: index,\n      value: value,\n      textBreakAll: textBreakAll,\n      viewBox: Label.parseViewBox(_isNil(clockWise) ? entry : _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n        clockWise: clockWise\n      })),\n      key: \"label-\".concat(index) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n    }));\n  }));\n}\n\nLabelList.displayName = 'LabelList';\nfunction parseLabelList(label, data) {\n  if (!label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  if (label === true) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\",\n      data: data\n    });\n  }\n  if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(label) || _isFunction(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\",\n      data: data,\n      content: label\n    });\n  }\n  if (_isObject(label)) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(LabelList, _extends({\n      data: data\n    }, label, {\n      key: \"labelList-implicit\"\n    }));\n  }\n  return null;\n}\nfunction renderCallByParent(parentProps, data) {\n  var ckeckPropsLabel = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;\n  if (!parentProps || !parentProps.children && ckeckPropsLabel && !parentProps.label) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var children = parentProps.children;\n  var explicitChilren = findAllByType(children, LabelList.displayName).map(function (child, index) {\n    return /*#__PURE__*/cloneElement(child, {\n      data: data,\n      key: \"labelList-\".concat(index)\n    });\n  });\n  if (!ckeckPropsLabel) {\n    return explicitChilren;\n  }\n  var implicitLabelList = parseLabelList(parentProps.label, data);\n  return [implicitLabelList].concat(_toConsumableArray(explicitChilren));\n}\nLabelList.renderCallByParent = renderCallByParent;\nLabelList.defaultProps = defaultProps;","function _typeof(obj) {\n  \"@babel/helpers - typeof\";\n\n  if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return typeof obj;\n    };\n  } else {\n    _typeof = function _typeof(obj) {\n      return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj;\n    };\n  }\n  return _typeof(obj);\n}\nimport _isNil from \"lodash/isNil\";\nimport _isEqual from \"lodash/isEqual\";\nimport _isFunction from \"lodash/isFunction\";\nimport _isArray from \"lodash/isArray\";\nfunction _objectWithoutProperties(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded);\n  var key, i;\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var sourceSymbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(source);\n    for (i = 0; i < sourceSymbolKeys.length; i++) {\n      key = sourceSymbolKeys[i];\n      if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n      if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(source, key)) continue;\n      target[key] = source[key];\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _objectWithoutPropertiesLoose(source, excluded) {\n  if (source == null) return {};\n  var target = {};\n  var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);\n  var key, i;\n  for (i = 0; i < sourceKeys.length; i++) {\n    key = sourceKeys[i];\n    if (excluded.indexOf(key) >= 0) continue;\n    target[key] = source[key];\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _extends() {\n  _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {\n    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n      var source = arguments[i];\n      for (var key in source) {\n        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {\n          target[key] = source[key];\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return target;\n  };\n  return _extends.apply(this, arguments);\n}\nfunction ownKeys(object, enumerableOnly) {\n  var keys = Object.keys(object);\n  if (Object.getOwnPropertySymbols) {\n    var symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(object);\n    if (enumerableOnly) symbols = symbols.filter(function (sym) {\n      return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(object, sym).enumerable;\n    });\n    keys.push.apply(keys, symbols);\n  }\n  return keys;\n}\nfunction _objectSpread(target) {\n  for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {\n    var source = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i] : {};\n    if (i % 2) {\n      ownKeys(Object(source), true).forEach(function (key) {\n        _defineProperty(target, key, source[key]);\n      });\n    } else if (Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors) {\n      Object.defineProperties(target, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(source));\n    } else {\n      ownKeys(Object(source)).forEach(function (key) {\n        Object.defineProperty(target, key, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(source, key));\n      });\n    }\n  }\n  return target;\n}\nfunction _defineProperty(obj, key, value) {\n  if (key in obj) {\n    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {\n      value: value,\n      enumerable: true,\n      configurable: true,\n      writable: true\n    });\n  } else {\n    obj[key] = value;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) {\n  if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\");\n  }\n}\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {\n    var descriptor = props[i];\n    descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false;\n    descriptor.configurable = true;\n    if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true;\n    Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor);\n  }\n}\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) {\n  if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps);\n  if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps);\n  return Constructor;\n}\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) {\n  if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) {\n    throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\");\n  }\n  subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, {\n    constructor: {\n      value: subClass,\n      writable: true,\n      configurable: true\n    }\n  });\n  if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass);\n}\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n  _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) {\n    o.__proto__ = p;\n    return o;\n  };\n  return _setPrototypeOf(o, p);\n}\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) {\n  var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct();\n  return function _createSuperInternal() {\n    var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived),\n      result;\n    if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) {\n      var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor;\n      result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget);\n    } else {\n      result = Super.apply(this, arguments);\n    }\n    return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result);\n  };\n}\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) {\n  if (call && (_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) {\n    return call;\n  }\n  return _assertThisInitialized(self);\n}\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) {\n  if (self === void 0) {\n    throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\");\n  }\n  return self;\n}\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() {\n  if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false;\n  if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false;\n  if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true;\n  try {\n    Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean, [], function () {}));\n    return true;\n  } catch (e) {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n  _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) {\n    return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o);\n  };\n  return _getPrototypeOf(o);\n}\n\n/**\n * @fileOverview Render a group of bar\n */\nimport React, { PureComponent } from 'react';\nimport classNames from 'classnames';\nimport Animate from 'react-smooth';\nimport { Rectangle } from '../shape/Rectangle';\nimport { Layer } from '../container/Layer';\nimport { ErrorBar } from './ErrorBar';\nimport { Cell } from '../component/Cell';\nimport { LabelList } from '../component/LabelList';\nimport { uniqueId, mathSign, interpolateNumber } from '../util/DataUtils';\nimport { findAllByType } from '../util/ReactUtils';\nimport { Global } from '../util/Global';\nimport { getCateCoordinateOfBar, getValueByDataKey, truncateByDomain, getBaseValueOfBar, findPositionOfBar, getTooltipItem } from '../util/ChartUtils';\nimport { filterProps, adaptEventsOfChild } from '../util/types';\nexport var Bar = /*#__PURE__*/function (_PureComponent) {\n  _inherits(Bar, _PureComponent);\n  var _super = _createSuper(Bar);\n  function Bar() {\n    var _this;\n    _classCallCheck(this, Bar);\n    for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {\n      args[_key] = arguments[_key];\n    }\n    _this = _super.call.apply(_super, [this].concat(args));\n    _this.state = {\n      isAnimationFinished: false\n    };\n    _this.id = uniqueId('recharts-bar-');\n    _this.handleAnimationEnd = function () {\n      var onAnimationEnd = _this.props.onAnimationEnd;\n      _this.setState({\n        isAnimationFinished: true\n      });\n      if (onAnimationEnd) {\n        onAnimationEnd();\n      }\n    };\n    _this.handleAnimationStart = function () {\n      var onAnimationStart = _this.props.onAnimationStart;\n      _this.setState({\n        isAnimationFinished: false\n      });\n      if (onAnimationStart) {\n        onAnimationStart();\n      }\n    };\n    return _this;\n  }\n  _createClass(Bar, [{\n    key: \"renderRectanglesStatically\",\n    value: function renderRectanglesStatically(data) {\n      var _this2 = this;\n      var shape = this.props.shape;\n      var baseProps = filterProps(this.props);\n      return data && data.map(function (entry, i) {\n        var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, baseProps), entry), {}, {\n          index: i\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, _extends({\n          className: \"recharts-bar-rectangle\"\n        }, adaptEventsOfChild(_this2.props, entry, i), {\n          key: \"rectangle-\".concat(i) // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n        }), Bar.renderRectangle(shape, props));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectanglesWithAnimation\",\n    value: function renderRectanglesWithAnimation() {\n      var _this3 = this;\n      var _this$props = this.props,\n        data = _this$props.data,\n        layout = _this$props.layout,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props.isAnimationActive,\n        animationBegin = _this$props.animationBegin,\n        animationDuration = _this$props.animationDuration,\n        animationEasing = _this$props.animationEasing,\n        animationId = _this$props.animationId;\n      var prevData = this.state.prevData;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Animate, {\n        begin: animationBegin,\n        duration: animationDuration,\n        isActive: isAnimationActive,\n        easing: animationEasing,\n        from: {\n          t: 0\n        },\n        to: {\n          t: 1\n        },\n        key: \"bar-\".concat(animationId),\n        onAnimationEnd: this.handleAnimationEnd,\n        onAnimationStart: this.handleAnimationStart\n      }, function (_ref) {\n        var t = _ref.t;\n        var stepData = data.map(function (entry, index) {\n          var prev = prevData && prevData[index];\n          if (prev) {\n            var interpolatorX = interpolateNumber(prev.x, entry.x);\n            var interpolatorY = interpolateNumber(prev.y, entry.y);\n            var interpolatorWidth = interpolateNumber(prev.width, entry.width);\n            var interpolatorHeight = interpolateNumber(prev.height, entry.height);\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n              x: interpolatorX(t),\n              y: interpolatorY(t),\n              width: interpolatorWidth(t),\n              height: interpolatorHeight(t)\n            });\n          }\n          if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n            var _interpolatorHeight = interpolateNumber(0, entry.height);\n            var h = _interpolatorHeight(t);\n            return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n              y: entry.y + entry.height - h,\n              height: h\n            });\n          }\n          var interpolator = interpolateNumber(0, entry.width);\n          var w = interpolator(t);\n          return _objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n            width: w\n          });\n        });\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, null, _this3.renderRectanglesStatically(stepData));\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectangles\",\n    value: function renderRectangles() {\n      var _this$props2 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props2.data,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props2.isAnimationActive;\n      var prevData = this.state.prevData;\n      if (isAnimationActive && data && data.length && (!prevData || !_isEqual(prevData, data))) {\n        return this.renderRectanglesWithAnimation();\n      }\n      return this.renderRectanglesStatically(data);\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderBackground\",\n    value: function renderBackground() {\n      var _this4 = this;\n      var data = this.props.data;\n      var backgroundProps = filterProps(this.props.background);\n      return data.map(function (entry, i) {\n        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars\n        var value = entry.value,\n          background = entry.background,\n          rest = _objectWithoutProperties(entry, [\"value\", \"background\"]);\n        if (!background) {\n          return null;\n        }\n        var props = _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, rest), {}, {\n          fill: '#eee'\n        }, background), backgroundProps), adaptEventsOfChild(_this4.props, entry, i)), {}, {\n          index: i,\n          key: \"background-bar-\".concat(i),\n          className: 'recharts-bar-background-rectangle'\n        });\n        return Bar.renderRectangle(_this4.props.background, props);\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderErrorBar\",\n    value: function renderErrorBar() {\n      if (this.props.isAnimationActive && !this.state.isAnimationFinished) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var _this$props3 = this.props,\n        data = _this$props3.data,\n        xAxis = _this$props3.xAxis,\n        yAxis = _this$props3.yAxis,\n        layout = _this$props3.layout,\n        children = _this$props3.children;\n      var errorBarItems = findAllByType(children, ErrorBar.displayName);\n      if (!errorBarItems) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var offset = layout === 'vertical' ? data[0].height / 2 : data[0].width / 2;\n      function dataPointFormatter(dataPoint, dataKey) {\n        return {\n          x: dataPoint.x,\n          y: dataPoint.y,\n          value: dataPoint.value,\n          errorVal: getValueByDataKey(dataPoint, dataKey)\n        };\n      }\n      return errorBarItems.map(function (item, i) {\n        return /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(item, {\n          key: \"error-bar-\".concat(i),\n          // eslint-disable-line react/no-array-index-key\n          data: data,\n          xAxis: xAxis,\n          yAxis: yAxis,\n          layout: layout,\n          offset: offset,\n          dataPointFormatter: dataPointFormatter\n        });\n      });\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"render\",\n    value: function render() {\n      var _this$props4 = this.props,\n        hide = _this$props4.hide,\n        data = _this$props4.data,\n        className = _this$props4.className,\n        xAxis = _this$props4.xAxis,\n        yAxis = _this$props4.yAxis,\n        left = _this$props4.left,\n        top = _this$props4.top,\n        width = _this$props4.width,\n        height = _this$props4.height,\n        isAnimationActive = _this$props4.isAnimationActive,\n        background = _this$props4.background,\n        id = _this$props4.id;\n      if (hide || !data || !data.length) {\n        return null;\n      }\n      var isAnimationFinished = this.state.isAnimationFinished;\n      var layerClass = classNames('recharts-bar', className);\n      var needClip = xAxis && xAxis.allowDataOverflow || yAxis && yAxis.allowDataOverflow;\n      var clipPathId = _isNil(id) ? this.id : id;\n      return /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: layerClass\n      }, needClip ? /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"defs\", null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"clipPath\", {\n        id: \"clipPath-\".concat(clipPathId)\n      }, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(\"rect\", {\n        x: left,\n        y: top,\n        width: width,\n        height: height\n      }))) : null, /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Layer, {\n        className: \"recharts-bar-rectangles\",\n        clipPath: needClip ? \"url(#clipPath-\".concat(clipPathId, \")\") : null\n      }, background ? this.renderBackground() : null, this.renderRectangles()), this.renderErrorBar(), (!isAnimationActive || isAnimationFinished) && LabelList.renderCallByParent(this.props, data));\n    }\n  }], [{\n    key: \"getDerivedStateFromProps\",\n    value: function getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevState) {\n      if (nextProps.animationId !== prevState.prevAnimationId) {\n        return {\n          prevAnimationId: nextProps.animationId,\n          curData: nextProps.data,\n          prevData: prevState.curData\n        };\n      }\n      if (nextProps.data !== prevState.curData) {\n        return {\n          curData: nextProps.data\n        };\n      }\n      return null;\n    }\n  }, {\n    key: \"renderRectangle\",\n    value: function renderRectangle(option, props) {\n      var rectangle;\n      if ( /*#__PURE__*/React.isValidElement(option)) {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.cloneElement(option, props);\n      } else if (_isFunction(option)) {\n        rectangle = option(props);\n      } else {\n        rectangle = /*#__PURE__*/React.createElement(Rectangle, props);\n      }\n      return rectangle;\n    }\n  }]);\n  return Bar;\n}(PureComponent);\nBar.displayName = 'Bar';\nBar.defaultProps = {\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  legendType: 'rect',\n  minPointSize: 0,\n  hide: false,\n  // data of bar\n  data: [],\n  layout: 'vertical',\n  isAnimationActive: !Global.isSsr,\n  animationBegin: 0,\n  animationDuration: 400,\n  animationEasing: 'ease'\n};\nBar.getComposedData = function (_ref2) {\n  var props = _ref2.props,\n    item = _ref2.item,\n    barPosition = _ref2.barPosition,\n    bandSize = _ref2.bandSize,\n    xAxis = _ref2.xAxis,\n    yAxis = _ref2.yAxis,\n    xAxisTicks = _ref2.xAxisTicks,\n    yAxisTicks = _ref2.yAxisTicks,\n    stackedData = _ref2.stackedData,\n    dataStartIndex = _ref2.dataStartIndex,\n    displayedData = _ref2.displayedData,\n    offset = _ref2.offset;\n  var pos = findPositionOfBar(barPosition, item);\n  if (!pos) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  var layout = props.layout;\n  var _item$props = item.props,\n    dataKey = _item$props.dataKey,\n    children = _item$props.children,\n    minPointSize = _item$props.minPointSize;\n  var numericAxis = layout === 'horizontal' ? yAxis : xAxis;\n  var stackedDomain = stackedData ? numericAxis.scale.domain() : null;\n  var baseValue = getBaseValueOfBar({\n    numericAxis: numericAxis\n  });\n  var cells = findAllByType(children, Cell.displayName);\n  var rects = displayedData.map(function (entry, index) {\n    var value, x, y, width, height, background;\n    if (stackedData) {\n      value = truncateByDomain(stackedData[dataStartIndex + index], stackedDomain);\n    } else {\n      value = getValueByDataKey(entry, dataKey);\n      if (!_isArray(value)) {\n        value = [baseValue, value];\n      }\n    }\n    if (layout === 'horizontal') {\n      x = getCateCoordinateOfBar({\n        axis: xAxis,\n        ticks: xAxisTicks,\n        bandSize: bandSize,\n        offset: pos.offset,\n        entry: entry,\n        index: index\n      });\n      y = yAxis.scale(value[1]);\n      width = pos.size;\n      height = yAxis.scale(value[0]) - yAxis.scale(value[1]);\n      background = {\n        x: x,\n        y: yAxis.y,\n        width: width,\n        height: yAxis.height\n      };\n      if (Math.abs(minPointSize) > 0 && Math.abs(height) < Math.abs(minPointSize)) {\n        var delta = mathSign(height || minPointSize) * (Math.abs(minPointSize) - Math.abs(height));\n        y -= delta;\n        height += delta;\n      }\n    } else {\n      x = xAxis.scale(value[0]);\n      y = getCateCoordinateOfBar({\n        axis: yAxis,\n        ticks: yAxisTicks,\n        bandSize: bandSize,\n        offset: pos.offset,\n        entry: entry,\n        index: index\n      });\n      width = xAxis.scale(value[1]) - xAxis.scale(value[0]);\n      height = pos.size;\n      background = {\n        x: xAxis.x,\n        y: y,\n        width: xAxis.width,\n        height: height\n      };\n      if (Math.abs(minPointSize) > 0 && Math.abs(width) < Math.abs(minPointSize)) {\n        var _delta = mathSign(width || minPointSize) * (Math.abs(minPointSize) - Math.abs(width));\n        width += _delta;\n      }\n    }\n    return _objectSpread(_objectSpread(_objectSpread({}, entry), {}, {\n      x: x,\n      y: y,\n      width: width,\n      height: height,\n      value: stackedData ? value : value[1],\n      payload: entry,\n      background: background\n    }, cells && cells[index] && cells[index].props), {}, {\n      tooltipPayload: [getTooltipItem(item, entry)],\n      tooltipPosition: {\n        x: x + width / 2,\n        y: y + height / 2\n      }\n    });\n  });\n  return _objectSpread({\n    data: rects,\n    layout: layout\n  }, offset);\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview X Axis\n */\n\n/** Define of XAxis props */\nexport var XAxis = function XAxis() {\n  return null;\n};\nXAxis.displayName = 'XAxis';\nXAxis.defaultProps = {\n  allowDecimals: true,\n  hide: false,\n  orientation: 'bottom',\n  width: 0,\n  height: 30,\n  mirror: false,\n  xAxisId: 0,\n  tickCount: 5,\n  type: 'category',\n  domain: [0, 'auto'],\n  padding: {\n    left: 0,\n    right: 0\n  },\n  allowDataOverflow: false,\n  scale: 'auto',\n  reversed: false,\n  allowDuplicatedCategory: true\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview Y Axis\n */\nexport var YAxis = function YAxis() {\n  return null;\n};\nYAxis.displayName = 'YAxis';\nYAxis.defaultProps = {\n  allowDuplicatedCategory: true,\n  allowDecimals: true,\n  hide: false,\n  orientation: 'left',\n  width: 60,\n  height: 0,\n  mirror: false,\n  yAxisId: 0,\n  tickCount: 5,\n  type: 'number',\n  domain: [0, 'auto'],\n  padding: {\n    top: 0,\n    bottom: 0\n  },\n  allowDataOverflow: false,\n  scale: 'auto',\n  reversed: false\n};","/**\n * @fileOverview Bar Chart\n */\nimport { generateCategoricalChart } from './generateCategoricalChart';\nimport { Bar } from '../cartesian/Bar';\nimport { XAxis } from '../cartesian/XAxis';\nimport { YAxis } from '../cartesian/YAxis';\nimport { formatAxisMap } from '../util/CartesianUtils';\nexport var BarChart = generateCategoricalChart({\n  chartName: 'BarChart',\n  GraphicalChild: Bar,\n  defaultTooltipEventType: 'axis',\n  validateTooltipEventTypes: ['axis', 'item'],\n  axisComponents: [{\n    axisType: 'xAxis',\n    AxisComp: XAxis\n  }, {\n    axisType: 'yAxis',\n    AxisComp: YAxis\n  }],\n  formatAxisMap: formatAxisMap\n});","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst StyledTooltip = styled.div`\n  background: white;\n  border-radius: 0.25rem;\n  padding: 0.5rem;\n  p {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n    font-size: 0.9rem;\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    p {\n      font-size: 0.75rem;\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst CustomTooltip = (props) => {\n  if (!props.active) {\n    return null\n  }\n\n  return (\n    <StyledTooltip>\n      <p>\n        {props.t(\"gotPoints\")}: {props.payload?.[0].payload.n_points}\n      </p>\n      <p>\n        {props.t(\"maxPoints\")}: {props.payload?.[0].payload.max_points}\n      </p>\n    </StyledTooltip>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(CustomTooltip),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport { BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, LabelList, Tooltip } from \"recharts\"\nimport { improveGroupName } from \"../../util/strings\"\nimport CustomTooltip from \"./CustomTooltip\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst PartProgressContainer = styled.div`\n  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n`\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst SmallP = styled.p`\n  font-size: 0.8rem;\n`\n\n// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars\nconst LargeP = styled.p`\n  font-size: 1rem;\n`\n\nconst StyledBarChart = styled(BarChart)`\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    font-size: 0.75rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst CustomLabel = ({ x, y, stroke, value }) => {\n  return (\n    <text\n      x={x}\n      y={y}\n      dy={23}\n      dx={value < 15 ? 12 : value}\n      fill={stroke}\n      fontSize={10}\n      textAnchor=\"middle\"\n    >\n      {value}%\n    </text>\n  )\n}\n\nconst PartProgress = ({ name, data, appliesForStudyRight, t }) => {\n  var BAR_CHART_WIDTH = 375\n  var BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH = 152\n\n  if (window.innerWidth < SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT.slice(0, -2)) {\n    BAR_CHART_WIDTH = 300\n    BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH = 110\n  }\n\n  const allChartData = Object.entries(data).map(([tool, data]) => {\n    return {\n      tool,\n      progress: Math.floor(data.progress * 100 + 0.000000001),\n      n_points: data.n_points,\n      max_points: data.max_points,\n    }\n  })\n  let nPointsSum = 0\n  let maxPointsSum = 0\n\n  Object.entries(data).forEach(([_tool, data]) => {\n    nPointsSum += data.n_points\n    maxPointsSum += data.max_points\n  })\n  let totalProgress = Math.floor((nPointsSum / maxPointsSum) * 100) / 100\n  let totalPointsHeader = t(\"totalPoints\")\n  allChartData.push({\n    tool: totalPointsHeader,\n    progress: Math.floor(totalProgress * 100 + 0.000000001),\n    n_points: nPointsSum,\n    max_points: maxPointsSum,\n  })\n  return (\n    <PartProgressContainer>\n      <b>{improveGroupName(name)}</b>\n      <div>\n        <StyledBarChart\n          layout=\"vertical\"\n          width={BAR_CHART_WIDTH}\n          height={60 * allChartData.length}\n          data={allChartData}\n        >\n          <Tooltip content={<CustomTooltip />} />\n          <XAxis domain={[0, 100]} dataKey=\"progress\" type=\"number\" />\n          <YAxis\n            width={BAR_CHART_Y_AXIS_WIDTH}\n            type=\"category\"\n            dataKey=\"tool\"\n          />\n          <Bar dataKey=\"progress\" fill=\"#f1a9a0\">\n            <LabelList\n              content={CustomLabel}\n              dataKey=\"progress\"\n              position=\"middle\"\n            />\n          </Bar>\n        </StyledBarChart>\n        {/* <SmallP>\n          {t(\"canApplyForStudyRight\")}{\" \"}\n          {\n            allChartData.find((o) => o.tool === t(\"programmingService\"))\n              ?.progress\n          }\n          %.\n        </SmallP> */}\n        {/* {CourseSettings.studyRightEnabled &&\n          appliesForStudyRight &&\n          (getCourseVariant() === \"nodl\" ? (\n            <SmallP>{t(\"noTimelimit\")}</SmallP>\n          ) : (\n            <SmallP>\n              {t(\"canApplyForStudyRight\")}{\" \"}\n              {\n                allChartData.find((o) => o.tool === t(\"programmingService\"))\n                  ?.progress\n              }\n              %.\n            </SmallP>\n          ))} */}\n      </div>\n    </PartProgressContainer>\n  )\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(PartProgress),\n)\n","import React from \"react\"\nimport PartProgress from \"./PartProgress\"\n\nconst splitCourses = false\nconst CourseProgress = ({\n  data,\n  appliesForStudyRight,\n  currentCourseVariant,\n}) => {\n  return (\n    data &&\n    (currentCourseVariant === \"ohja-dl\" ||\n    currentCourseVariant === \"ohja-nodl\" ? (\n      <div>\n        <h4>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</h4>\n        {Object.entries(data).map(([name, data]) => {\n          return (\n            <PartProgress\n              appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n              name={name}\n              data={data}\n            />\n          )\n        })}\n      </div>\n    ) : (\n      <div>\n        {splitCourses && <h4>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</h4>}\n        {Object.entries(data).map(([name, data]) => {\n          if (name === \"osa08\" && splitCourses) {\n            return (\n              <div>\n                <h4>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</h4>\n                <PartProgress\n                  appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n                  name={name}\n                  data={data}\n                />\n              </div>\n            )\n          } else {\n            return (\n              <PartProgress\n                appliesForStudyRight={appliesForStudyRight}\n                name={name}\n                data={data}\n              />\n            )\n          }\n        })}\n      </div>\n    ))\n  )\n}\n\nexport default CourseProgress\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport { Modal, Paper, Button } from \"@material-ui/core\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport Loading from \"../Loading\"\nimport { fetchProgress } from \"../../services/progress\"\nimport { getCachedUserDetails } from \"../../services/moocfi\"\nimport { SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT } from \"../../util/constants\"\nimport CourseProgress from \"./CourseProgress\"\nimport { withTranslation } from \"react-i18next\"\n\nconst StyledModal = styled(Modal)`\n  z-index: 500 !important;\n`\n\nconst ModalContent = styled(Paper)`\n  padding: 2rem;\n  padding-top: 1rem;\n  background-color: white;\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 450px;\n  height: 700px;\n  max-height: 90vh;\n  overflow-y: scroll;\n  position: fixed;\n  right: 1.5rem;\n  bottom: 1.5rem;\n  z-index: 200 !important;\n  font-size: 1rem;\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    right: 0rem;\n    bottom: 0rem;\n    border-bottom-left-radius: 0 !important;\n    border-bottom-right-radius: 0 !important;\n    padding: 1rem;\n  }\n`\n\nconst ModalControls = styled.div`\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n`\n\nconst Title = styled.h1`\n  font-size: 1.5rem;\n`\n\nclass PointsBalloonContent extends React.Component {\n  state = {\n    render: false,\n    data: null,\n    error: null,\n    appliesForStudyRight: null,\n    currentCourseVariant: null,\n  }\n\n  async componentDidMount() {\n    this.setState({ render: true })\n    try {\n      let data = await fetchProgress(this.props.t)\n      let userDetails = await getCachedUserDetails()\n      const appliesForStudyRight =\n        userDetails?.extra_fields?.applies_for_study_right === \"t\"\n      const currentCourseVariant = userDetails?.extra_fields?.course_variant\n      this.setState({ data, appliesForStudyRight, currentCourseVariant })\n    } catch (e) {\n      this.setState({ error: e.toString() })\n    }\n  }\n\n  handleClose = () => {\n    this.setState({\n      data: null,\n      error: null,\n    })\n    this.props.handleClose()\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    return (\n      <StyledModal\n        hideBackdrop={false}\n        onClose={this.props.handleClose}\n        open={this.props.open}\n      >\n        <ModalContent>\n          <ModalControls>\n            <Title>{this.props.t(\"progress\")}</Title>\n            <Button onClick={this.handleClose}>{this.props.t(\"close\")}</Button>\n          </ModalControls>\n          <Loading loading={!this.state.data && !this.state.error}>\n            <Fragment>\n              {this.state.error ? (\n                <div>\n                  {this.props.t(\"error\")} {this.state.error}\n                </div>\n              ) : (\n                <div>\n                  <CourseProgress\n                    data={this.state.data}\n                    appliesForStudyRight={this.state.appliesForStudyRight}\n                    currentCourseVariant={this.state.currentCourseVariant}\n                  />\n                </div>\n              )}\n            </Fragment>\n          </Loading>\n        </ModalContent>\n      </StyledModal>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withTranslation(\"points-balloon\")(\n  withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloonContent),\n)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport LoginStateContext from \"../../contexes/LoginStateContext\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\n\nimport PointsBalloonBalloon from \"./PointsBalloonBalloon\"\nimport PointsBalloonContent from \"./PointsBalloonContent\"\n\nconst PointsBalloonContainer = styled.div`\n  position: fixed;\n  right: 1.5rem;\n  bottom: 1.5rem;\n  z-index: 50;\n`\n\nclass PointsBalloon extends React.Component {\n  static contextType = LoginStateContext\n\n  state = {\n    render: false,\n    open: false,\n  }\n\n  componentDidMount() {\n    this.setState({ render: true })\n  }\n\n  onClick = () => {\n    this.setState({ open: true })\n  }\n\n  onClose = () => {\n    this.setState({ open: false })\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    if (!this.state.render || !this.context.loggedIn) {\n      return <Fragment />\n    }\n    return (\n      <PointsBalloonContainer>\n        {!this.state.open && <PointsBalloonBalloon onClick={this.onClick} />}\n        {this.state.open && (\n          <PointsBalloonContent\n            open={this.state.open}\n            handleClose={this.onClose}\n          />\n        )}\n      </PointsBalloonContainer>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(PointsBalloon)\n","import React, { Fragment } from \"react\"\nimport \"../i18n\"\nimport Helmet from \"react-helmet\"\nimport Sidebar from \"../components/Sidebar\"\nimport ContentArea from \"../components/ContentArea\"\nimport TopBar from \"../components/TopBar\"\nimport { StaticQuery, graphql } from \"gatsby\"\n// import Pheromones from \"../util/pheromones\"\nimport styled from \"styled-components\"\nimport courseMetaData from \"../../course-metadata.json\"\nimport \"./reboot.css\"\nimport \"./theme.css\"\nimport \"./remark.css\"\nimport \"focus-visible\"\nimport \"typeface-open-sans\"\nimport \"typeface-roboto-slab\"\nimport \"typeface-roboto-mono\"\nimport \"@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core/styles.css\"\n\nimport { config as fontAwesomeConfig } from \"@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core\"\nimport Footer from \"../components/Footer\"\nimport PointsBalloon from \"../components/PointsBalloon\"\nimport {\n  MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,\n  MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT,\n  SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT,\n} from \"../util/constants\"\nimport withSimpleErrorBoundary from \"../util/withSimpleErrorBoundary\"\n\nfontAwesomeConfig.autoAddCss = false\n\nconst layoutQuery = graphql`\n  query {\n    title: site {\n      siteMetadata {\n        title\n      }\n    }\n  }\n`\n\nconst Wrapper = styled.div`\n  ${(props) =>\n    props.mobileMenuOpen &&\n    `\n    height: 100vh;\n    overflow: hidden;\n  `}\n`\n\nconst SidebarPush = styled.div`\n  @media only screen and (min-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: ${LARGE_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${MEDIUM_LARGE_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: ${MEDIUM_SIDEBAR_WIDTH};\n  }\n  @media only screen and (max-width: ${SMALL_MEDIUM_BREAKPOINT}) {\n    margin-left: 0;\n  }\n`\n\nclass Layout extends React.Component {\n  state = {\n    mobileMenuOpen: false,\n  }\n\n  // componentDidMount() {\n  //   const user = store.get(\"tmc.user\")\n  //   if (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && user) {\n  //     if (canDoResearch()) {\n  //       setTimeout(() => {\n  //         this.removePheromones = Pheromones.init({\n  //           apiUrl: \"https://pheromones.mooc.fi/\",\n  //           username: user.username,\n  //           submitAfter: 20,\n  //         })\n  //       }, 1000)\n  //     }\n  //   }\n  // }\n\n  // componentWillUnmount() {\n  //   if (\n  //     typeof window === \"undefined\" ||\n  //     typeof this.removePheromones === \"undefined\"\n  //   ) {\n  //     return\n  //   }\n  //   this.removePheromones()\n  //   this.removePheromones = undefined\n  // }\n\n  toggleMobileMenu = () => {\n    this.setState((prev) => {\n      return {\n        mobileMenuOpen: !prev.mobileMenuOpen,\n      }\n    })\n  }\n\n  render() {\n    const { children } = this.props\n\n    return (\n      <Fragment>\n        {\" \"}\n        <StaticQuery\n          query={layoutQuery}\n          render={(data) => {\n            const siteTitle = data.title.siteMetadata.title\n            return (\n              <Wrapper mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}>\n                <Helmet\n                  defaultTitle={siteTitle}\n                  titleTemplate={`%s - ${siteTitle}`}\n                  meta={[\n                    {\n                      name: \"description\",\n                      content:\n                        \"Helsingin yliopiston kaikille avoin ja ilmainen ohjelmoinnin perusteet opettava verkkokurssi. Kurssilla perehdytään nykyaikaisen ohjelmoinnin perusideoihin sekä ohjelmoinnissa käytettävien työvälineiden lisäksi algoritmien laatimiseen. Kurssille osallistuminen ei vaadi ennakkotietoja ohjelmoinnista.\",\n                    },\n                    {\n                      name: \"keywords\",\n                      content:\n                        \"ohjelmointi, java, programming, CS1, MOOC, 2019, ohjelmointikurssi, avoin, ilmainen, helsingin yliopisto\",\n                    },\n                  ]}\n                />\n                <Sidebar\n                  mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}\n                  toggleMobileMenu={this.toggleMobileMenu}\n                />\n                <SidebarPush>\n                  <TopBar />\n                  <ContentArea mobileMenuOpen={this.state.mobileMenuOpen}>\n                    {children}\n                  </ContentArea>\n                  <PointsBalloon />\n                  <Footer />\n                </SidebarPush>\n              </Wrapper>\n            )\n          }}\n        />\n        <script\n          type=\"application/ld+json\"\n          dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(courseMetaData) }}\n        />\n      </Fragment>\n    )\n  }\n}\n\nexport default withSimpleErrorBoundary(Layout)\n","export function nthIndex(str, pat, n) {\n  var L = str.length,\n    i = -1\n  while (n-- && i++ < L) {\n    i = str.indexOf(pat, i)\n    if (i < 0) break\n  }\n  return i\n}\n\nexport function extractPartNumberFromPath(string) {\n  // Assumes path is formatted /part-[num] or /part-[num]/...\n  const subpartSeperator = nthIndex(string, \"/\", 2)\n  if (subpartSeperator !== -1) {\n    string = string.substring(0, subpartSeperator)\n  }\n  return parseInt(string.substring(string.indexOf(\"-\") + 1))\n}\n\nexport function extractSubpartNumberFromPath(string) {\n  // Assumes path is formatted /part-[num]/[num]-...\n  return parseInt(\n    string.substring(nthIndex(string, \"/\", 2) + 1, nthIndex(string, \"-\", 2)),\n  )\n}\n\nexport function capitalizeFirstLetter(string) {\n  return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1)\n}\n\nexport function removeLeadingZeros(string) {\n  return string.replace(/^0+/, \"\")\n}\n\nexport function splitGroupNameToWordAndNumber(string) {\n  return string.split(/(\\d+)/)\n}\n\nexport function improveGroupName(string) {\n  var stringParts = splitGroupNameToWordAndNumber(string)\n  return (\n    capitalizeFirstLetter(stringParts[0]) +\n    \" \" +\n    removeLeadingZeros(stringParts[1])\n  )\n}\n\nexport function normalizeExerciseId(string) {\n  return encodeURIComponent(\n    string\n      .toLowerCase()\n      .replace(/ö/g, \"o\")\n      .replace(/Ö/g, \"O\")\n      .replace(/ä/g, \"a\")\n      .replace(/Ä/g, \"A\")\n      .replace(/\\s+/g, \"-\")\n      .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]/g, \"\")\n      .replace(/-+/g, \"-\"),\n  )\n}\n","import React from \"react\"\n\nexport default function withSimpleErrorBoundary(Component) {\n  class SimpleErrorBoundary extends React.Component {\n    state = {\n      error: null,\n    }\n\n    static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {\n      return { error: error.toString() }\n    }\n\n    componentDidCatch(error, info) {\n      console.error(error, info)\n    }\n\n    render() {\n      if (this.state.error) {\n        return (\n          <div>\n            Ohjelman osa kaatui:\n            <pre>{this.state.error}</pre>\n          </div>\n        )\n      }\n\n      return <Component {...this.props} />\n    }\n  }\n  return SimpleErrorBoundary\n}\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar DataView = getNative(root, 'DataView');\n\nmodule.exports = DataView;\n","var hashClear = require('./_hashClear'),\n    hashDelete = require('./_hashDelete'),\n    hashGet = require('./_hashGet'),\n    hashHas = require('./_hashHas'),\n    hashSet = require('./_hashSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a hash object.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction Hash(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `Hash`.\nHash.prototype.clear = hashClear;\nHash.prototype['delete'] = hashDelete;\nHash.prototype.get = hashGet;\nHash.prototype.has = hashHas;\nHash.prototype.set = hashSet;\n\nmodule.exports = Hash;\n","var listCacheClear = require('./_listCacheClear'),\n    listCacheDelete = require('./_listCacheDelete'),\n    listCacheGet = require('./_listCacheGet'),\n    listCacheHas = require('./_listCacheHas'),\n    listCacheSet = require('./_listCacheSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates an list cache object.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction ListCache(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `ListCache`.\nListCache.prototype.clear = listCacheClear;\nListCache.prototype['delete'] = listCacheDelete;\nListCache.prototype.get = listCacheGet;\nListCache.prototype.has = listCacheHas;\nListCache.prototype.set = listCacheSet;\n\nmodule.exports = ListCache;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Map = getNative(root, 'Map');\n\nmodule.exports = Map;\n","var mapCacheClear = require('./_mapCacheClear'),\n    mapCacheDelete = require('./_mapCacheDelete'),\n    mapCacheGet = require('./_mapCacheGet'),\n    mapCacheHas = require('./_mapCacheHas'),\n    mapCacheSet = require('./_mapCacheSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a map cache object to store key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction MapCache(entries) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = entries == null ? 0 : entries.length;\n\n  this.clear();\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var entry = entries[index];\n    this.set(entry[0], entry[1]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `MapCache`.\nMapCache.prototype.clear = mapCacheClear;\nMapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapCacheDelete;\nMapCache.prototype.get = mapCacheGet;\nMapCache.prototype.has = mapCacheHas;\nMapCache.prototype.set = mapCacheSet;\n\nmodule.exports = MapCache;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Promise = getNative(root, 'Promise');\n\nmodule.exports = Promise;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar Set = getNative(root, 'Set');\n\nmodule.exports = Set;\n","var MapCache = require('./_MapCache'),\n    setCacheAdd = require('./_setCacheAdd'),\n    setCacheHas = require('./_setCacheHas');\n\n/**\n *\n * Creates an array cache object to store unique values.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.\n */\nfunction SetCache(values) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = values == null ? 0 : values.length;\n\n  this.__data__ = new MapCache;\n  while (++index < length) {\n    this.add(values[index]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Add methods to `SetCache`.\nSetCache.prototype.add = SetCache.prototype.push = setCacheAdd;\nSetCache.prototype.has = setCacheHas;\n\nmodule.exports = SetCache;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    stackClear = require('./_stackClear'),\n    stackDelete = require('./_stackDelete'),\n    stackGet = require('./_stackGet'),\n    stackHas = require('./_stackHas'),\n    stackSet = require('./_stackSet');\n\n/**\n * Creates a stack cache object to store key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @constructor\n * @param {Array} [entries] The key-value pairs to cache.\n */\nfunction Stack(entries) {\n  var data = this.__data__ = new ListCache(entries);\n  this.size = data.size;\n}\n\n// Add methods to `Stack`.\nStack.prototype.clear = stackClear;\nStack.prototype['delete'] = stackDelete;\nStack.prototype.get = stackGet;\nStack.prototype.has = stackHas;\nStack.prototype.set = stackSet;\n\nmodule.exports = Stack;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Symbol = root.Symbol;\n\nmodule.exports = Symbol;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Uint8Array = root.Uint8Array;\n\nmodule.exports = Uint8Array;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative'),\n    root = require('./_root');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar WeakMap = getNative(root, 'WeakMap');\n\nmodule.exports = WeakMap;\n","/**\n * A faster alternative to `Function#apply`, this function invokes `func`\n * with the `this` binding of `thisArg` and the arguments of `args`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to invoke.\n * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.\n * @param {Array} args The arguments to invoke `func` with.\n * @returns {*} Returns the result of `func`.\n */\nfunction apply(func, thisArg, args) {\n  switch (args.length) {\n    case 0: return func.call(thisArg);\n    case 1: return func.call(thisArg, args[0]);\n    case 2: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1]);\n    case 3: return func.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], args[2]);\n  }\n  return func.apply(thisArg, args);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = apply;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for\n * iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayEvery(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayEvery;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for\n * iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.\n */\nfunction arrayFilter(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length,\n      resIndex = 0,\n      result = [];\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index];\n    if (predicate(value, index, array)) {\n      result[resIndex++] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayFilter;\n","var baseIndexOf = require('./_baseIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `_.includes` for arrays without support for\n * specifying an index to search from.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} target The value to search for.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayIncludes(array, value) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  return !!length && baseIndexOf(array, value, 0) > -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayIncludes;\n","/**\n * This function is like `arrayIncludes` except that it accepts a comparator.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} target The value to search for.\n * @param {Function} comparator The comparator invoked per element.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `target` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction arrayIncludesWith(array, value, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (comparator(value, array[index])) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayIncludesWith;\n","var baseTimes = require('./_baseTimes'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isBuffer = require('./isBuffer'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isTypedArray = require('./isTypedArray');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the enumerable property names of the array-like `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @param {boolean} inherited Specify returning inherited property names.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n */\nfunction arrayLikeKeys(value, inherited) {\n  var isArr = isArray(value),\n      isArg = !isArr && isArguments(value),\n      isBuff = !isArr && !isArg && isBuffer(value),\n      isType = !isArr && !isArg && !isBuff && isTypedArray(value),\n      skipIndexes = isArr || isArg || isBuff || isType,\n      result = skipIndexes ? baseTimes(value.length, String) : [],\n      length = result.length;\n\n  for (var key in value) {\n    if ((inherited || hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) &&\n        !(skipIndexes && (\n           // Safari 9 has enumerable `arguments.length` in strict mode.\n           key == 'length' ||\n           // Node.js 0.10 has enumerable non-index properties on buffers.\n           (isBuff && (key == 'offset' || key == 'parent')) ||\n           // PhantomJS 2 has enumerable non-index properties on typed arrays.\n           (isType && (key == 'buffer' || key == 'byteLength' || key == 'byteOffset')) ||\n           // Skip index properties.\n           isIndex(key, length)\n        ))) {\n      result.push(key);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayLikeKeys;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee\n * shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n */\nfunction arrayMap(array, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length,\n      result = Array(length);\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayMap;\n","/**\n * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to modify.\n * @param {Array} values The values to append.\n * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.\n */\nfunction arrayPush(array, values) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = values.length,\n      offset = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    array[offset + index] = values[index];\n  }\n  return array;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arrayPush;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for iteratee\n * shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction arraySome(array, predicate) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = arraySome;\n","/**\n * Converts an ASCII `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction asciiToArray(string) {\n  return string.split('');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = asciiToArray;\n","var eq = require('./eq');\n\n/**\n * Gets the index at which the `key` is found in `array` of key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} key The key to search for.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction assocIndexOf(array, key) {\n  var length = array.length;\n  while (length--) {\n    if (eq(array[length][0], key)) {\n      return length;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = assocIndexOf;\n","var defineProperty = require('./_defineProperty');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `assignValue` and `assignMergeValue` without\n * value checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to modify.\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.\n * @param {*} value The value to assign.\n */\nfunction baseAssignValue(object, key, value) {\n  if (key == '__proto__' && defineProperty) {\n    defineProperty(object, key, {\n      'configurable': true,\n      'enumerable': true,\n      'value': value,\n      'writable': true\n    });\n  } else {\n    object[key] = value;\n  }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseAssignValue;\n","var baseForOwn = require('./_baseForOwn'),\n    createBaseEach = require('./_createBaseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.\n */\nvar baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);\n\nmodule.exports = baseEach;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`\n */\nfunction baseEvery(collection, predicate) {\n  var result = true;\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n    result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);\n    return result;\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseEvery;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of methods like `_.max` and `_.min` which accepts a\n * `comparator` to determine the extremum value.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The iteratee invoked per iteration.\n * @param {Function} comparator The comparator used to compare values.\n * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.\n */\nfunction baseExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index],\n        current = iteratee(value);\n\n    if (current != null && (computed === undefined\n          ? (current === current && !isSymbol(current))\n          : comparator(current, computed)\n        )) {\n      var computed = current,\n          result = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseExtremum;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without\n * support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex, fromRight) {\n  var length = array.length,\n      index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);\n\n  while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {\n    if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {\n      return index;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseFindIndex;\n","var arrayPush = require('./_arrayPush'),\n    isFlattenable = require('./_isFlattenable');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.\n * @param {number} depth The maximum recursion depth.\n * @param {boolean} [predicate=isFlattenable] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict to values that pass `predicate` checks.\n * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.\n */\nfunction baseFlatten(array, depth, predicate, isStrict, result) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  predicate || (predicate = isFlattenable);\n  result || (result = []);\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index];\n    if (depth > 0 && predicate(value)) {\n      if (depth > 1) {\n        // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).\n        baseFlatten(value, depth - 1, predicate, isStrict, result);\n      } else {\n        arrayPush(result, value);\n      }\n    } else if (!isStrict) {\n      result[result.length] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseFlatten;\n","var createBaseFor = require('./_createBaseFor');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `baseForOwn` which iterates over `object`\n * properties returned by `keysFunc` and invokes `iteratee` for each property.\n * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n */\nvar baseFor = createBaseFor();\n\nmodule.exports = baseFor;\n","var baseFor = require('./_baseFor'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.\n */\nfunction baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {\n  return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseForOwn;\n","var castPath = require('./_castPath'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.get` without support for default values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.\n */\nfunction baseGet(object, path) {\n  path = castPath(path, object);\n\n  var index = 0,\n      length = path.length;\n\n  while (object != null && index < length) {\n    object = object[toKey(path[index++])];\n  }\n  return (index && index == length) ? object : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGet;\n","var arrayPush = require('./_arrayPush'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `getAllKeys` and `getAllKeysIn` which uses\n * `keysFunc` and `symbolsFunc` to get the enumerable property names and\n * symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.\n * @param {Function} symbolsFunc The function to get the symbols of `object`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.\n */\nfunction baseGetAllKeys(object, keysFunc, symbolsFunc) {\n  var result = keysFunc(object);\n  return isArray(object) ? result : arrayPush(result, symbolsFunc(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGetAllKeys;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    getRawTag = require('./_getRawTag'),\n    objectToString = require('./_objectToString');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar nullTag = '[object Null]',\n    undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]';\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.\n */\nfunction baseGetTag(value) {\n  if (value == null) {\n    return value === undefined ? undefinedTag : nullTag;\n  }\n  return (symToStringTag && symToStringTag in Object(value))\n    ? getRawTag(value)\n    : objectToString(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGetTag;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.gt` which doesn't coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseGt(value, other) {\n  return value > other;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGt;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.hasIn` without support for deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} key The key to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseHasIn(object, key) {\n  return object != null && key in Object(object);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseHasIn;\n","var baseFindIndex = require('./_baseFindIndex'),\n    baseIsNaN = require('./_baseIsNaN'),\n    strictIndexOf = require('./_strictIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n  return value === value\n    ? strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex)\n    : baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, fromIndex);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIndexOf;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]';\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isArguments`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,\n */\nfunction baseIsArguments(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == argsTag;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsArguments;\n","var baseIsEqualDeep = require('./_baseIsEqualDeep'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons\n * and tracks traversed objects.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @param {boolean} bitmask The bitmask flags.\n *  1 - Unordered comparison\n *  2 - Partial comparison\n * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `value` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsEqual(value, other, bitmask, customizer, stack) {\n  if (value === other) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  if (value == null || other == null || (!isObjectLike(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {\n    return value !== value && other !== other;\n  }\n  return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, bitmask, customizer, baseIsEqual, stack);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsEqual;\n","var Stack = require('./_Stack'),\n    equalArrays = require('./_equalArrays'),\n    equalByTag = require('./_equalByTag'),\n    equalObjects = require('./_equalObjects'),\n    getTag = require('./_getTag'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isBuffer = require('./isBuffer'),\n    isTypedArray = require('./isTypedArray');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1;\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]',\n    arrayTag = '[object Array]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]';\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs\n * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular\n * references to be compared.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} [stack] Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var objIsArr = isArray(object),\n      othIsArr = isArray(other),\n      objTag = objIsArr ? arrayTag : getTag(object),\n      othTag = othIsArr ? arrayTag : getTag(other);\n\n  objTag = objTag == argsTag ? objectTag : objTag;\n  othTag = othTag == argsTag ? objectTag : othTag;\n\n  var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag,\n      othIsObj = othTag == objectTag,\n      isSameTag = objTag == othTag;\n\n  if (isSameTag && isBuffer(object)) {\n    if (!isBuffer(other)) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    objIsArr = true;\n    objIsObj = false;\n  }\n  if (isSameTag && !objIsObj) {\n    stack || (stack = new Stack);\n    return (objIsArr || isTypedArray(object))\n      ? equalArrays(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack)\n      : equalByTag(object, other, objTag, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n  }\n  if (!(bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG)) {\n    var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),\n        othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');\n\n    if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {\n      var objUnwrapped = objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object,\n          othUnwrapped = othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other;\n\n      stack || (stack = new Stack);\n      return equalFunc(objUnwrapped, othUnwrapped, bitmask, customizer, stack);\n    }\n  }\n  if (!isSameTag) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  stack || (stack = new Stack);\n  return equalObjects(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsEqualDeep;\n","var Stack = require('./_Stack'),\n    baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.\n * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.\n * @param {Array} matchData The property names, values, and compare flags to match.\n * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData, customizer) {\n  var index = matchData.length,\n      length = index,\n      noCustomizer = !customizer;\n\n  if (object == null) {\n    return !length;\n  }\n  object = Object(object);\n  while (index--) {\n    var data = matchData[index];\n    if ((noCustomizer && data[2])\n          ? data[1] !== object[data[0]]\n          : !(data[0] in object)\n        ) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  while (++index < length) {\n    data = matchData[index];\n    var key = data[0],\n        objValue = object[key],\n        srcValue = data[1];\n\n    if (noCustomizer && data[2]) {\n      if (objValue === undefined && !(key in object)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    } else {\n      var stack = new Stack;\n      if (customizer) {\n        var result = customizer(objValue, srcValue, key, object, source, stack);\n      }\n      if (!(result === undefined\n            ? baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG | COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG, customizer, stack)\n            : result\n          )) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsMatch;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isNaN` without support for number objects.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsNaN(value) {\n  return value !== value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsNaN;\n","var isFunction = require('./isFunction'),\n    isMasked = require('./_isMasked'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    toSource = require('./_toSource');\n\n/**\n * Used to match `RegExp`\n * [syntax characters](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-patterns).\n */\nvar reRegExpChar = /[\\\\^$.*+?()[\\]{}|]/g;\n\n/** Used to detect host constructors (Safari). */\nvar reIsHostCtor = /^\\[object .+?Constructor\\]$/;\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar funcProto = Function.prototype,\n    objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */\nvar funcToString = funcProto.toString;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/** Used to detect if a method is native. */\nvar reIsNative = RegExp('^' +\n  funcToString.call(hasOwnProperty).replace(reRegExpChar, '\\\\$&')\n  .replace(/hasOwnProperty|(function).*?(?=\\\\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'\n);\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isNative` without bad shim checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsNative(value) {\n  if (!isObject(value) || isMasked(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var pattern = isFunction(value) ? reIsNative : reIsHostCtor;\n  return pattern.test(toSource(value));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsNative;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar argsTag = '[object Arguments]',\n    arrayTag = '[object Array]',\n    boolTag = '[object Boolean]',\n    dateTag = '[object Date]',\n    errorTag = '[object Error]',\n    funcTag = '[object Function]',\n    mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    numberTag = '[object Number]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]',\n    regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    stringTag = '[object String]',\n    weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';\n\nvar arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',\n    dataViewTag = '[object DataView]',\n    float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',\n    float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',\n    int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',\n    int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',\n    int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',\n    uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',\n    uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',\n    uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',\n    uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';\n\n/** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */\nvar typedArrayTags = {};\ntypedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =\ntypedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;\ntypedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[dataViewTag] = typedArrayTags[dateTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[errorTag] = typedArrayTags[funcTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[mapTag] = typedArrayTags[numberTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[objectTag] = typedArrayTags[regexpTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[setTag] = typedArrayTags[stringTag] =\ntypedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.isTypedArray` without Node.js optimizations.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseIsTypedArray(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) &&\n    isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[baseGetTag(value)];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIsTypedArray;\n","var baseMatches = require('./_baseMatches'),\n    baseMatchesProperty = require('./_baseMatchesProperty'),\n    identity = require('./identity'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    property = require('./property');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.\n */\nfunction baseIteratee(value) {\n  // Don't store the `typeof` result in a variable to avoid a JIT bug in Safari 9.\n  // See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=156034 for more details.\n  if (typeof value == 'function') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (value == null) {\n    return identity;\n  }\n  if (typeof value == 'object') {\n    return isArray(value)\n      ? baseMatchesProperty(value[0], value[1])\n      : baseMatches(value);\n  }\n  return property(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseIteratee;\n","var isPrototype = require('./_isPrototype'),\n    nativeKeys = require('./_nativeKeys');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't treat sparse arrays as dense.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n */\nfunction baseKeys(object) {\n  if (!isPrototype(object)) {\n    return nativeKeys(object);\n  }\n  var result = [];\n  for (var key in Object(object)) {\n    if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && key != 'constructor') {\n      result.push(key);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseKeys;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.lt` which doesn't coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseLt(value, other) {\n  return value < other;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseLt;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n */\nfunction baseMap(collection, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];\n\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n    result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMap;\n","var baseIsMatch = require('./_baseIsMatch'),\n    getMatchData = require('./_getMatchData'),\n    matchesStrictComparable = require('./_matchesStrictComparable');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction baseMatches(source) {\n  var matchData = getMatchData(source);\n  if (matchData.length == 1 && matchData[0][2]) {\n    return matchesStrictComparable(matchData[0][0], matchData[0][1]);\n  }\n  return function(object) {\n    return object === source || baseIsMatch(object, source, matchData);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMatches;\n","var baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual'),\n    get = require('./get'),\n    hasIn = require('./hasIn'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    isStrictComparable = require('./_isStrictComparable'),\n    matchesStrictComparable = require('./_matchesStrictComparable'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which doesn't clone `srcValue`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction baseMatchesProperty(path, srcValue) {\n  if (isKey(path) && isStrictComparable(srcValue)) {\n    return matchesStrictComparable(toKey(path), srcValue);\n  }\n  return function(object) {\n    var objValue = get(object, path);\n    return (objValue === undefined && objValue === srcValue)\n      ? hasIn(object, path)\n      : baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG | COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseMatchesProperty;\n","var arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    baseGet = require('./_baseGet'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseMap = require('./_baseMap'),\n    baseSortBy = require('./_baseSortBy'),\n    baseUnary = require('./_baseUnary'),\n    compareMultiple = require('./_compareMultiple'),\n    identity = require('./identity'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.orderBy` without param guards.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function[]|Object[]|string[]} iteratees The iteratees to sort by.\n * @param {string[]} orders The sort orders of `iteratees`.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.\n */\nfunction baseOrderBy(collection, iteratees, orders) {\n  if (iteratees.length) {\n    iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {\n      if (isArray(iteratee)) {\n        return function(value) {\n          return baseGet(value, iteratee.length === 1 ? iteratee[0] : iteratee);\n        }\n      }\n      return iteratee;\n    });\n  } else {\n    iteratees = [identity];\n  }\n\n  var index = -1;\n  iteratees = arrayMap(iteratees, baseUnary(baseIteratee));\n\n  var result = baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {\n    var criteria = arrayMap(iteratees, function(iteratee) {\n      return iteratee(value);\n    });\n    return { 'criteria': criteria, 'index': ++index, 'value': value };\n  });\n\n  return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {\n    return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseOrderBy;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n */\nfunction baseProperty(key) {\n  return function(object) {\n    return object == null ? undefined : object[key];\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseProperty;\n","var baseGet = require('./_baseGet');\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseProperty` which supports deep paths.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n */\nfunction basePropertyDeep(path) {\n  return function(object) {\n    return baseGet(object, path);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = basePropertyDeep;\n","/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeCeil = Math.ceil,\n    nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.range` and `_.rangeRight` which doesn't\n * coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {number} start The start of the range.\n * @param {number} end The end of the range.\n * @param {number} step The value to increment or decrement by.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.\n */\nfunction baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = nativeMax(nativeCeil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),\n      result = Array(length);\n\n  while (length--) {\n    result[fromRight ? length : ++index] = start;\n    start += step;\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseRange;\n","var identity = require('./identity'),\n    overRest = require('./_overRest'),\n    setToString = require('./_setToString');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.rest` which doesn't validate or coerce arguments.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.\n * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction baseRest(func, start) {\n  return setToString(overRest(func, start, identity), func + '');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseRest;\n","var constant = require('./constant'),\n    defineProperty = require('./_defineProperty'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `setToString` without support for hot loop shorting.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to modify.\n * @param {Function} string The `toString` result.\n * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.\n */\nvar baseSetToString = !defineProperty ? identity : function(func, string) {\n  return defineProperty(func, 'toString', {\n    'configurable': true,\n    'enumerable': false,\n    'value': constant(string),\n    'writable': true\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = baseSetToString;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to slice.\n * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.\n * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.\n */\nfunction baseSlice(array, start, end) {\n  var index = -1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  if (start < 0) {\n    start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);\n  }\n  end = end > length ? length : end;\n  if (end < 0) {\n    end += length;\n  }\n  length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);\n  start >>>= 0;\n\n  var result = Array(length);\n  while (++index < length) {\n    result[index] = array[index + start];\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSlice;\n","var baseEach = require('./_baseEach');\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction baseSome(collection, predicate) {\n  var result;\n\n  baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {\n    result = predicate(value, index, collection);\n    return !result;\n  });\n  return !!result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSome;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define the\n * sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their corresponding\n * values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to sort.\n * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.\n * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.\n */\nfunction baseSortBy(array, comparer) {\n  var length = array.length;\n\n  array.sort(comparer);\n  while (length--) {\n    array[length] = array[length].value;\n  }\n  return array;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseSortBy;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for iteratee shorthands\n * or max array length checks.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.\n * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.\n */\nfunction baseTimes(n, iteratee) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(n);\n\n  while (++index < n) {\n    result[index] = iteratee(index);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseTimes;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */\nvar symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,\n    symbolToString = symbolProto ? symbolProto.toString : undefined;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.toString` which doesn't convert nullish\n * values to empty strings.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to process.\n * @returns {string} Returns the string.\n */\nfunction baseToString(value) {\n  // Exit early for strings to avoid a performance hit in some environments.\n  if (typeof value == 'string') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    // Recursively convert values (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    return arrayMap(value, baseToString) + '';\n  }\n  if (isSymbol(value)) {\n    return symbolToString ? symbolToString.call(value) : '';\n  }\n  var result = (value + '');\n  return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseToString;\n","var trimmedEndIndex = require('./_trimmedEndIndex');\n\n/** Used to match leading whitespace. */\nvar reTrimStart = /^\\s+/;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.trim`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to trim.\n * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.\n */\nfunction baseTrim(string) {\n  return string\n    ? string.slice(0, trimmedEndIndex(string) + 1).replace(reTrimStart, '')\n    : string;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseTrim;\n","/**\n * The base implementation of `_.unary` without support for storing metadata.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new capped function.\n */\nfunction baseUnary(func) {\n  return function(value) {\n    return func(value);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseUnary;\n","var SetCache = require('./_SetCache'),\n    arrayIncludes = require('./_arrayIncludes'),\n    arrayIncludesWith = require('./_arrayIncludesWith'),\n    cacheHas = require('./_cacheHas'),\n    createSet = require('./_createSet'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */\nvar LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `_.uniqBy` without support for iteratee shorthands.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee] The iteratee invoked per element.\n * @param {Function} [comparator] The comparator invoked per element.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.\n */\nfunction baseUniq(array, iteratee, comparator) {\n  var index = -1,\n      includes = arrayIncludes,\n      length = array.length,\n      isCommon = true,\n      result = [],\n      seen = result;\n\n  if (comparator) {\n    isCommon = false;\n    includes = arrayIncludesWith;\n  }\n  else if (length >= LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE) {\n    var set = iteratee ? null : createSet(array);\n    if (set) {\n      return setToArray(set);\n    }\n    isCommon = false;\n    includes = cacheHas;\n    seen = new SetCache;\n  }\n  else {\n    seen = iteratee ? [] : result;\n  }\n  outer:\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var value = array[index],\n        computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value) : value;\n\n    value = (comparator || value !== 0) ? value : 0;\n    if (isCommon && computed === computed) {\n      var seenIndex = seen.length;\n      while (seenIndex--) {\n        if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {\n          continue outer;\n        }\n      }\n      if (iteratee) {\n        seen.push(computed);\n      }\n      result.push(value);\n    }\n    else if (!includes(seen, computed, comparator)) {\n      if (seen !== result) {\n        seen.push(computed);\n      }\n      result.push(value);\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseUniq;\n","/**\n * Checks if a `cache` value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} cache The cache to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction cacheHas(cache, key) {\n  return cache.has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = cacheHas;\n","var isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    stringToPath = require('./_stringToPath'),\n    toString = require('./toString');\n\n/**\n * Casts `value` to a path array if it's not one.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to inspect.\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the cast property path array.\n */\nfunction castPath(value, object) {\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  return isKey(value, object) ? [value] : stringToPath(toString(value));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = castPath;\n","var baseSlice = require('./_baseSlice');\n\n/**\n * Casts `array` to a slice if it's needed.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {number} start The start position.\n * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the cast slice.\n */\nfunction castSlice(array, start, end) {\n  var length = array.length;\n  end = end === undefined ? length : end;\n  return (!start && end >= length) ? array : baseSlice(array, start, end);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = castSlice;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/**\n * Compares values to sort them in ascending order.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.\n */\nfunction compareAscending(value, other) {\n  if (value !== other) {\n    var valIsDefined = value !== undefined,\n        valIsNull = value === null,\n        valIsReflexive = value === value,\n        valIsSymbol = isSymbol(value);\n\n    var othIsDefined = other !== undefined,\n        othIsNull = other === null,\n        othIsReflexive = other === other,\n        othIsSymbol = isSymbol(other);\n\n    if ((!othIsNull && !othIsSymbol && !valIsSymbol && value > other) ||\n        (valIsSymbol && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive && !othIsNull && !othIsSymbol) ||\n        (valIsNull && othIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||\n        (!valIsDefined && othIsReflexive) ||\n        !valIsReflexive) {\n      return 1;\n    }\n    if ((!valIsNull && !valIsSymbol && !othIsSymbol && value < other) ||\n        (othIsSymbol && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive && !valIsNull && !valIsSymbol) ||\n        (othIsNull && valIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||\n        (!othIsDefined && valIsReflexive) ||\n        !othIsReflexive) {\n      return -1;\n    }\n  }\n  return 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = compareAscending;\n","var compareAscending = require('./_compareAscending');\n\n/**\n * Used by `_.orderBy` to compare multiple properties of a value to another\n * and stable sort them.\n *\n * If `orders` is unspecified, all values are sorted in ascending order. Otherwise,\n * specify an order of \"desc\" for descending or \"asc\" for ascending sort order\n * of corresponding values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {boolean[]|string[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.\n * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.\n */\nfunction compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {\n  var index = -1,\n      objCriteria = object.criteria,\n      othCriteria = other.criteria,\n      length = objCriteria.length,\n      ordersLength = orders.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var result = compareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);\n    if (result) {\n      if (index >= ordersLength) {\n        return result;\n      }\n      var order = orders[index];\n      return result * (order == 'desc' ? -1 : 1);\n    }\n  }\n  // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications\n  // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for\n  // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247\n  // for more details.\n  //\n  // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.\n  // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.\n  return object.index - other.index;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = compareMultiple;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/** Used to detect overreaching core-js shims. */\nvar coreJsData = root['__core-js_shared__'];\n\nmodule.exports = coreJsData;\n","var isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.\n */\nfunction createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {\n  return function(collection, iteratee) {\n    if (collection == null) {\n      return collection;\n    }\n    if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {\n      return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);\n    }\n    var length = collection.length,\n        index = fromRight ? length : -1,\n        iterable = Object(collection);\n\n    while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {\n      if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    return collection;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createBaseEach;\n","/**\n * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn` and `_.forOwn`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.\n */\nfunction createBaseFor(fromRight) {\n  return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {\n    var index = -1,\n        iterable = Object(object),\n        props = keysFunc(object),\n        length = props.length;\n\n    while (length--) {\n      var key = props[fromRight ? length : ++index];\n      if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n    return object;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createBaseFor;\n","var castSlice = require('./_castSlice'),\n    hasUnicode = require('./_hasUnicode'),\n    stringToArray = require('./_stringToArray'),\n    toString = require('./toString');\n\n/**\n * Creates a function like `_.lowerFirst`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} methodName The name of the `String` case method to use.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new case function.\n */\nfunction createCaseFirst(methodName) {\n  return function(string) {\n    string = toString(string);\n\n    var strSymbols = hasUnicode(string)\n      ? stringToArray(string)\n      : undefined;\n\n    var chr = strSymbols\n      ? strSymbols[0]\n      : string.charAt(0);\n\n    var trailing = strSymbols\n      ? castSlice(strSymbols, 1).join('')\n      : string.slice(1);\n\n    return chr[methodName]() + trailing;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createCaseFirst;\n","var baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} findIndexFunc The function to find the collection index.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.\n */\nfunction createFind(findIndexFunc) {\n  return function(collection, predicate, fromIndex) {\n    var iterable = Object(collection);\n    if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {\n      var iteratee = baseIteratee(predicate, 3);\n      collection = keys(collection);\n      predicate = function(key) { return iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable); };\n    }\n    var index = findIndexFunc(collection, predicate, fromIndex);\n    return index > -1 ? iterable[iteratee ? collection[index] : index] : undefined;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createFind;\n","var baseRange = require('./_baseRange'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall'),\n    toFinite = require('./toFinite');\n\n/**\n * Creates a `_.range` or `_.rangeRight` function.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new range function.\n */\nfunction createRange(fromRight) {\n  return function(start, end, step) {\n    if (step && typeof step != 'number' && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {\n      end = step = undefined;\n    }\n    // Ensure the sign of `-0` is preserved.\n    start = toFinite(start);\n    if (end === undefined) {\n      end = start;\n      start = 0;\n    } else {\n      end = toFinite(end);\n    }\n    step = step === undefined ? (start < end ? 1 : -1) : toFinite(step);\n    return baseRange(start, end, step, fromRight);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = createRange;\n","var Set = require('./_Set'),\n    noop = require('./noop'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/**\n * Creates a set object of `values`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} values The values to add to the set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new set.\n */\nvar createSet = !(Set && (1 / setToArray(new Set([,-0]))[1]) == INFINITY) ? noop : function(values) {\n  return new Set(values);\n};\n\nmodule.exports = createSet;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative');\n\nvar defineProperty = (function() {\n  try {\n    var func = getNative(Object, 'defineProperty');\n    func({}, '', {});\n    return func;\n  } catch (e) {}\n}());\n\nmodule.exports = defineProperty;\n","var SetCache = require('./_SetCache'),\n    arraySome = require('./_arraySome'),\n    cacheHas = require('./_cacheHas');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for\n * partial deep comparisons.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to compare.\n * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `array` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalArrays(array, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG,\n      arrLength = array.length,\n      othLength = other.length;\n\n  if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  // Check that cyclic values are equal.\n  var arrStacked = stack.get(array);\n  var othStacked = stack.get(other);\n  if (arrStacked && othStacked) {\n    return arrStacked == other && othStacked == array;\n  }\n  var index = -1,\n      result = true,\n      seen = (bitmask & COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG) ? new SetCache : undefined;\n\n  stack.set(array, other);\n  stack.set(other, array);\n\n  // Ignore non-index properties.\n  while (++index < arrLength) {\n    var arrValue = array[index],\n        othValue = other[index];\n\n    if (customizer) {\n      var compared = isPartial\n        ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index, other, array, stack)\n        : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index, array, other, stack);\n    }\n    if (compared !== undefined) {\n      if (compared) {\n        continue;\n      }\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n    // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    if (seen) {\n      if (!arraySome(other, function(othValue, othIndex) {\n            if (!cacheHas(seen, othIndex) &&\n                (arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack))) {\n              return seen.push(othIndex);\n            }\n          })) {\n        result = false;\n        break;\n      }\n    } else if (!(\n          arrValue === othValue ||\n            equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack)\n        )) {\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n  stack['delete'](array);\n  stack['delete'](other);\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalArrays;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    Uint8Array = require('./_Uint8Array'),\n    eq = require('./eq'),\n    equalArrays = require('./_equalArrays'),\n    mapToArray = require('./_mapToArray'),\n    setToArray = require('./_setToArray');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1,\n    COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG = 2;\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar boolTag = '[object Boolean]',\n    dateTag = '[object Date]',\n    errorTag = '[object Error]',\n    mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    numberTag = '[object Number]',\n    regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    stringTag = '[object String]',\n    symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';\n\nvar arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',\n    dataViewTag = '[object DataView]';\n\n/** Used to convert symbols to primitives and strings. */\nvar symbolProto = Symbol ? Symbol.prototype : undefined,\n    symbolValueOf = symbolProto ? symbolProto.valueOf : undefined;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of\n * the same `toStringTag`.\n *\n * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of\n * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalByTag(object, other, tag, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case dataViewTag:\n      if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||\n          (object.byteOffset != other.byteOffset)) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      object = object.buffer;\n      other = other.buffer;\n\n    case arrayBufferTag:\n      if ((object.byteLength != other.byteLength) ||\n          !equalFunc(new Uint8Array(object), new Uint8Array(other))) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      return true;\n\n    case boolTag:\n    case dateTag:\n    case numberTag:\n      // Coerce booleans to `1` or `0` and dates to milliseconds.\n      // Invalid dates are coerced to `NaN`.\n      return eq(+object, +other);\n\n    case errorTag:\n      return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;\n\n    case regexpTag:\n    case stringTag:\n      // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings, primitives and objects,\n      // as equal. See http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-regexp.prototype.tostring\n      // for more details.\n      return object == (other + '');\n\n    case mapTag:\n      var convert = mapToArray;\n\n    case setTag:\n      var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG;\n      convert || (convert = setToArray);\n\n      if (object.size != other.size && !isPartial) {\n        return false;\n      }\n      // Assume cyclic values are equal.\n      var stacked = stack.get(object);\n      if (stacked) {\n        return stacked == other;\n      }\n      bitmask |= COMPARE_UNORDERED_FLAG;\n\n      // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).\n      stack.set(object, other);\n      var result = equalArrays(convert(object), convert(other), bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack);\n      stack['delete'](object);\n      return result;\n\n    case symbolTag:\n      if (symbolValueOf) {\n        return symbolValueOf.call(object) == symbolValueOf.call(other);\n      }\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalByTag;\n","var getAllKeys = require('./_getAllKeys');\n\n/** Used to compose bitmasks for value comparisons. */\nvar COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG = 1;\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for\n * partial deep comparisons.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to compare.\n * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.\n * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.\n * @param {Function} customizer The function to customize comparisons.\n * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.\n * @param {Object} stack Tracks traversed `object` and `other` objects.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.\n */\nfunction equalObjects(object, other, bitmask, customizer, equalFunc, stack) {\n  var isPartial = bitmask & COMPARE_PARTIAL_FLAG,\n      objProps = getAllKeys(object),\n      objLength = objProps.length,\n      othProps = getAllKeys(other),\n      othLength = othProps.length;\n\n  if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var index = objLength;\n  while (index--) {\n    var key = objProps[index];\n    if (!(isPartial ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key))) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  // Check that cyclic values are equal.\n  var objStacked = stack.get(object);\n  var othStacked = stack.get(other);\n  if (objStacked && othStacked) {\n    return objStacked == other && othStacked == object;\n  }\n  var result = true;\n  stack.set(object, other);\n  stack.set(other, object);\n\n  var skipCtor = isPartial;\n  while (++index < objLength) {\n    key = objProps[index];\n    var objValue = object[key],\n        othValue = other[key];\n\n    if (customizer) {\n      var compared = isPartial\n        ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key, other, object, stack)\n        : customizer(objValue, othValue, key, object, other, stack);\n    }\n    // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).\n    if (!(compared === undefined\n          ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, bitmask, customizer, stack))\n          : compared\n        )) {\n      result = false;\n      break;\n    }\n    skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');\n  }\n  if (result && !skipCtor) {\n    var objCtor = object.constructor,\n        othCtor = other.constructor;\n\n    // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.\n    if (objCtor != othCtor &&\n        ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&\n        !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&\n          typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {\n      result = false;\n    }\n  }\n  stack['delete'](object);\n  stack['delete'](other);\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = equalObjects;\n","/** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */\nvar freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global && global.Object === Object && global;\n\nmodule.exports = freeGlobal;\n","var baseGetAllKeys = require('./_baseGetAllKeys'),\n    getSymbols = require('./_getSymbols'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of own enumerable property names and symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names and symbols.\n */\nfunction getAllKeys(object) {\n  return baseGetAllKeys(object, keys, getSymbols);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getAllKeys;\n","var isKeyable = require('./_isKeyable');\n\n/**\n * Gets the data for `map`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} map The map to query.\n * @param {string} key The reference key.\n * @returns {*} Returns the map data.\n */\nfunction getMapData(map, key) {\n  var data = map.__data__;\n  return isKeyable(key)\n    ? data[typeof key == 'string' ? 'string' : 'hash']\n    : data.map;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getMapData;\n","var isStrictComparable = require('./_isStrictComparable'),\n    keys = require('./keys');\n\n/**\n * Gets the property names, values, and compare flags of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the match data of `object`.\n */\nfunction getMatchData(object) {\n  var result = keys(object),\n      length = result.length;\n\n  while (length--) {\n    var key = result[length],\n        value = object[key];\n\n    result[length] = [key, value, isStrictComparable(value)];\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getMatchData;\n","var baseIsNative = require('./_baseIsNative'),\n    getValue = require('./_getValue');\n\n/**\n * Gets the native function at `key` of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the method to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the function if it's native, else `undefined`.\n */\nfunction getNative(object, key) {\n  var value = getValue(object, key);\n  return baseIsNative(value) ? value : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getNative;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Used to resolve the\n * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)\n * of values.\n */\nvar nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar symToStringTag = Symbol ? Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseGetTag` which ignores `Symbol.toStringTag` values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the raw `toStringTag`.\n */\nfunction getRawTag(value) {\n  var isOwn = hasOwnProperty.call(value, symToStringTag),\n      tag = value[symToStringTag];\n\n  try {\n    value[symToStringTag] = undefined;\n    var unmasked = true;\n  } catch (e) {}\n\n  var result = nativeObjectToString.call(value);\n  if (unmasked) {\n    if (isOwn) {\n      value[symToStringTag] = tag;\n    } else {\n      delete value[symToStringTag];\n    }\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getRawTag;\n","var arrayFilter = require('./_arrayFilter'),\n    stubArray = require('./stubArray');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeGetSymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols;\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the own enumerable symbols of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of symbols.\n */\nvar getSymbols = !nativeGetSymbols ? stubArray : function(object) {\n  if (object == null) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  object = Object(object);\n  return arrayFilter(nativeGetSymbols(object), function(symbol) {\n    return propertyIsEnumerable.call(object, symbol);\n  });\n};\n\nmodule.exports = getSymbols;\n","var DataView = require('./_DataView'),\n    Map = require('./_Map'),\n    Promise = require('./_Promise'),\n    Set = require('./_Set'),\n    WeakMap = require('./_WeakMap'),\n    baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    toSource = require('./_toSource');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar mapTag = '[object Map]',\n    objectTag = '[object Object]',\n    promiseTag = '[object Promise]',\n    setTag = '[object Set]',\n    weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';\n\nvar dataViewTag = '[object DataView]';\n\n/** Used to detect maps, sets, and weakmaps. */\nvar dataViewCtorString = toSource(DataView),\n    mapCtorString = toSource(Map),\n    promiseCtorString = toSource(Promise),\n    setCtorString = toSource(Set),\n    weakMapCtorString = toSource(WeakMap);\n\n/**\n * Gets the `toStringTag` of `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.\n * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.\n */\nvar getTag = baseGetTag;\n\n// Fallback for data views, maps, sets, and weak maps in IE 11 and promises in Node.js < 6.\nif ((DataView && getTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(1))) != dataViewTag) ||\n    (Map && getTag(new Map) != mapTag) ||\n    (Promise && getTag(Promise.resolve()) != promiseTag) ||\n    (Set && getTag(new Set) != setTag) ||\n    (WeakMap && getTag(new WeakMap) != weakMapTag)) {\n  getTag = function(value) {\n    var result = baseGetTag(value),\n        Ctor = result == objectTag ? value.constructor : undefined,\n        ctorString = Ctor ? toSource(Ctor) : '';\n\n    if (ctorString) {\n      switch (ctorString) {\n        case dataViewCtorString: return dataViewTag;\n        case mapCtorString: return mapTag;\n        case promiseCtorString: return promiseTag;\n        case setCtorString: return setTag;\n        case weakMapCtorString: return weakMapTag;\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getTag;\n","/**\n * Gets the value at `key` of `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query.\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the property value.\n */\nfunction getValue(object, key) {\n  return object == null ? undefined : object[key];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = getValue;\n","var castPath = require('./_castPath'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `path` exists on `object`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.\n * @param {Function} hasFunc The function to check properties.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hasPath(object, path, hasFunc) {\n  path = castPath(path, object);\n\n  var index = -1,\n      length = path.length,\n      result = false;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    var key = toKey(path[index]);\n    if (!(result = object != null && hasFunc(object, key))) {\n      break;\n    }\n    object = object[key];\n  }\n  if (result || ++index != length) {\n    return result;\n  }\n  length = object == null ? 0 : object.length;\n  return !!length && isLength(length) && isIndex(key, length) &&\n    (isArray(object) || isArguments(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasPath;\n","/** Used to compose unicode character classes. */\nvar rsAstralRange = '\\\\ud800-\\\\udfff',\n    rsComboMarksRange = '\\\\u0300-\\\\u036f',\n    reComboHalfMarksRange = '\\\\ufe20-\\\\ufe2f',\n    rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\\\u20d0-\\\\u20ff',\n    rsComboRange = rsComboMarksRange + reComboHalfMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange,\n    rsVarRange = '\\\\ufe0e\\\\ufe0f';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */\nvar rsZWJ = '\\\\u200d';\n\n/** Used to detect strings with [zero-width joiners or code points from the astral planes](http://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/). */\nvar reHasUnicode = RegExp('[' + rsZWJ + rsAstralRange  + rsComboRange + rsVarRange + ']');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `string` contains Unicode symbols.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to inspect.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if a symbol is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hasUnicode(string) {\n  return reHasUnicode.test(string);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasUnicode;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the hash.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf Hash\n */\nfunction hashClear() {\n  this.__data__ = nativeCreate ? nativeCreate(null) : {};\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashClear;\n","/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the hash.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {Object} hash The hash to modify.\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hashDelete(key) {\n  var result = this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];\n  this.size -= result ? 1 : 0;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashDelete;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Gets the hash value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction hashGet(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  if (nativeCreate) {\n    var result = data[key];\n    return result === HASH_UNDEFINED ? undefined : result;\n  }\n  return hasOwnProperty.call(data, key) ? data[key] : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashGet;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/**\n * Checks if a hash value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction hashHas(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  return nativeCreate ? (data[key] !== undefined) : hasOwnProperty.call(data, key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashHas;\n","var nativeCreate = require('./_nativeCreate');\n\n/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/**\n * Sets the hash `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf Hash\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the hash instance.\n */\nfunction hashSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  this.size += this.has(key) ? 0 : 1;\n  data[key] = (nativeCreate && value === undefined) ? HASH_UNDEFINED : value;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hashSet;\n","var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n    isArguments = require('./isArguments'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar spreadableSymbol = Symbol ? Symbol.isConcatSpreadable : undefined;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a flattenable `arguments` object or array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is flattenable, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isFlattenable(value) {\n  return isArray(value) || isArguments(value) ||\n    !!(spreadableSymbol && value && value[spreadableSymbol]);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isFlattenable;\n","/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;\n\n/** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */\nvar reIsUint = /^(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)$/;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isIndex(value, length) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;\n\n  return !!length &&\n    (type == 'number' ||\n      (type != 'symbol' && reIsUint.test(value))) &&\n        (value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isIndex;\n","var eq = require('./eq'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike'),\n    isIndex = require('./_isIndex'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/**\n * Checks if the given arguments are from an iteratee call.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.\n * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.\n * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call,\n *  else `false`.\n */\nfunction isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {\n  if (!isObject(object)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var type = typeof index;\n  if (type == 'number'\n        ? (isArrayLike(object) && isIndex(index, object.length))\n        : (type == 'string' && index in object)\n      ) {\n    return eq(object[index], value);\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isIterateeCall;\n","var isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used to match property names within property paths. */\nvar reIsDeepProp = /\\.|\\[(?:[^[\\]]*|([\"'])(?:(?!\\1)[^\\\\]|\\\\.)*?\\1)\\]/,\n    reIsPlainProp = /^\\w*$/;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a property name and not a property path.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @param {Object} [object] The object to query keys on.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a property name, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isKey(value, object) {\n  if (isArray(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var type = typeof value;\n  if (type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean' ||\n      value == null || isSymbol(value)) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return reIsPlainProp.test(value) || !reIsDeepProp.test(value) ||\n    (object != null && value in Object(object));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isKey;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is suitable for use as unique object key.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is suitable, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isKeyable(value) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  return (type == 'string' || type == 'number' || type == 'symbol' || type == 'boolean')\n    ? (value !== '__proto__')\n    : (value === null);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isKeyable;\n","var coreJsData = require('./_coreJsData');\n\n/** Used to detect methods masquerading as native. */\nvar maskSrcKey = (function() {\n  var uid = /[^.]+$/.exec(coreJsData && coreJsData.keys && coreJsData.keys.IE_PROTO || '');\n  return uid ? ('Symbol(src)_1.' + uid) : '';\n}());\n\n/**\n * Checks if `func` has its source masked.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` is masked, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isMasked(func) {\n  return !!maskSrcKey && (maskSrcKey in func);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isMasked;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isPrototype(value) {\n  var Ctor = value && value.constructor,\n      proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;\n\n  return value === proto;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isPrototype;\n","var isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict\n *  equality comparisons, else `false`.\n */\nfunction isStrictComparable(value) {\n  return value === value && !isObject(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isStrictComparable;\n","/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the list cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf ListCache\n */\nfunction listCacheClear() {\n  this.__data__ = [];\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheClear;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar arrayProto = Array.prototype;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar splice = arrayProto.splice;\n\n/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the list cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction listCacheDelete(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  if (index < 0) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  var lastIndex = data.length - 1;\n  if (index == lastIndex) {\n    data.pop();\n  } else {\n    splice.call(data, index, 1);\n  }\n  --this.size;\n  return true;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheDelete;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Gets the list cache value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction listCacheGet(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  return index < 0 ? undefined : data[index][1];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheGet;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Checks if a list cache value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction listCacheHas(key) {\n  return assocIndexOf(this.__data__, key) > -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheHas;\n","var assocIndexOf = require('./_assocIndexOf');\n\n/**\n * Sets the list cache `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf ListCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the list cache instance.\n */\nfunction listCacheSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      index = assocIndexOf(data, key);\n\n  if (index < 0) {\n    ++this.size;\n    data.push([key, value]);\n  } else {\n    data[index][1] = value;\n  }\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listCacheSet;\n","var Hash = require('./_Hash'),\n    ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    Map = require('./_Map');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the map.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf MapCache\n */\nfunction mapCacheClear() {\n  this.size = 0;\n  this.__data__ = {\n    'hash': new Hash,\n    'map': new (Map || ListCache),\n    'string': new Hash\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheClear;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the map.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction mapCacheDelete(key) {\n  var result = getMapData(this, key)['delete'](key);\n  this.size -= result ? 1 : 0;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheDelete;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Gets the map value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction mapCacheGet(key) {\n  return getMapData(this, key).get(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheGet;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Checks if a map value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction mapCacheHas(key) {\n  return getMapData(this, key).has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheHas;\n","var getMapData = require('./_getMapData');\n\n/**\n * Sets the map `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf MapCache\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the map cache instance.\n */\nfunction mapCacheSet(key, value) {\n  var data = getMapData(this, key),\n      size = data.size;\n\n  data.set(key, value);\n  this.size += data.size == size ? 0 : 1;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapCacheSet;\n","/**\n * Converts `map` to its key-value pairs.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} map The map to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the key-value pairs.\n */\nfunction mapToArray(map) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(map.size);\n\n  map.forEach(function(value, key) {\n    result[++index] = [key, value];\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapToArray;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `matchesProperty` for source values suitable\n * for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.\n * @param {*} srcValue The value to match.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new spec function.\n */\nfunction matchesStrictComparable(key, srcValue) {\n  return function(object) {\n    if (object == null) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    return object[key] === srcValue &&\n      (srcValue !== undefined || (key in Object(object)));\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = matchesStrictComparable;\n","var memoize = require('./memoize');\n\n/** Used as the maximum memoize cache size. */\nvar MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE = 500;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `_.memoize` which clears the memoized function's\n * cache when it exceeds `MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.\n */\nfunction memoizeCapped(func) {\n  var result = memoize(func, function(key) {\n    if (cache.size === MAX_MEMOIZE_SIZE) {\n      cache.clear();\n    }\n    return key;\n  });\n\n  var cache = result.cache;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = memoizeCapped;\n","var getNative = require('./_getNative');\n\n/* Built-in method references that are verified to be native. */\nvar nativeCreate = getNative(Object, 'create');\n\nmodule.exports = nativeCreate;\n","var overArg = require('./_overArg');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeKeys = overArg(Object.keys, Object);\n\nmodule.exports = nativeKeys;\n","var freeGlobal = require('./_freeGlobal');\n\n/** Detect free variable `exports`. */\nvar freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `module`. */\nvar freeModule = freeExports && typeof module == 'object' && module && !module.nodeType && module;\n\n/** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */\nvar moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `process` from Node.js. */\nvar freeProcess = moduleExports && freeGlobal.process;\n\n/** Used to access faster Node.js helpers. */\nvar nodeUtil = (function() {\n  try {\n    // Use `util.types` for Node.js 10+.\n    var types = freeModule && freeModule.require && freeModule.require('util').types;\n\n    if (types) {\n      return types;\n    }\n\n    // Legacy `process.binding('util')` for Node.js < 10.\n    return freeProcess && freeProcess.binding && freeProcess.binding('util');\n  } catch (e) {}\n}());\n\nmodule.exports = nodeUtil;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/**\n * Used to resolve the\n * [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)\n * of values.\n */\nvar nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n */\nfunction objectToString(value) {\n  return nativeObjectToString.call(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = objectToString;\n","/**\n * Creates a unary function that invokes `func` with its argument transformed.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to wrap.\n * @param {Function} transform The argument transform.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction overArg(func, transform) {\n  return function(arg) {\n    return func(transform(arg));\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = overArg;\n","var apply = require('./_apply');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * A specialized version of `baseRest` which transforms the rest array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.\n * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.\n * @param {Function} transform The rest array transform.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.\n */\nfunction overRest(func, start, transform) {\n  start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : start, 0);\n  return function() {\n    var args = arguments,\n        index = -1,\n        length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),\n        array = Array(length);\n\n    while (++index < length) {\n      array[index] = args[start + index];\n    }\n    index = -1;\n    var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);\n    while (++index < start) {\n      otherArgs[index] = args[index];\n    }\n    otherArgs[start] = transform(array);\n    return apply(func, this, otherArgs);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = overRest;\n","var freeGlobal = require('./_freeGlobal');\n\n/** Detect free variable `self`. */\nvar freeSelf = typeof self == 'object' && self && self.Object === Object && self;\n\n/** Used as a reference to the global object. */\nvar root = freeGlobal || freeSelf || Function('return this')();\n\nmodule.exports = root;\n","/** Used to stand-in for `undefined` hash values. */\nvar HASH_UNDEFINED = '__lodash_hash_undefined__';\n\n/**\n * Adds `value` to the array cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name add\n * @memberOf SetCache\n * @alias push\n * @param {*} value The value to cache.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the cache instance.\n */\nfunction setCacheAdd(value) {\n  this.__data__.set(value, HASH_UNDEFINED);\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setCacheAdd;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is in the array cache.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf SetCache\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @returns {number} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.\n */\nfunction setCacheHas(value) {\n  return this.__data__.has(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setCacheHas;\n","/**\n * Converts `set` to an array of its values.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Object} set The set to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the values.\n */\nfunction setToArray(set) {\n  var index = -1,\n      result = Array(set.size);\n\n  set.forEach(function(value) {\n    result[++index] = value;\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = setToArray;\n","var baseSetToString = require('./_baseSetToString'),\n    shortOut = require('./_shortOut');\n\n/**\n * Sets the `toString` method of `func` to return `string`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to modify.\n * @param {Function} string The `toString` result.\n * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.\n */\nvar setToString = shortOut(baseSetToString);\n\nmodule.exports = setToString;\n","/** Used to detect hot functions by number of calls within a span of milliseconds. */\nvar HOT_COUNT = 800,\n    HOT_SPAN = 16;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeNow = Date.now;\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that'll short out and invoke `identity` instead\n * of `func` when it's called `HOT_COUNT` or more times in `HOT_SPAN`\n * milliseconds.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new shortable function.\n */\nfunction shortOut(func) {\n  var count = 0,\n      lastCalled = 0;\n\n  return function() {\n    var stamp = nativeNow(),\n        remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);\n\n    lastCalled = stamp;\n    if (remaining > 0) {\n      if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {\n        return arguments[0];\n      }\n    } else {\n      count = 0;\n    }\n    return func.apply(undefined, arguments);\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = shortOut;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache');\n\n/**\n * Removes all key-value entries from the stack.\n *\n * @private\n * @name clear\n * @memberOf Stack\n */\nfunction stackClear() {\n  this.__data__ = new ListCache;\n  this.size = 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackClear;\n","/**\n * Removes `key` and its value from the stack.\n *\n * @private\n * @name delete\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed, else `false`.\n */\nfunction stackDelete(key) {\n  var data = this.__data__,\n      result = data['delete'](key);\n\n  this.size = data.size;\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackDelete;\n","/**\n * Gets the stack value for `key`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name get\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.\n * @returns {*} Returns the entry value.\n */\nfunction stackGet(key) {\n  return this.__data__.get(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackGet;\n","/**\n * Checks if a stack value for `key` exists.\n *\n * @private\n * @name has\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.\n */\nfunction stackHas(key) {\n  return this.__data__.has(key);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackHas;\n","var ListCache = require('./_ListCache'),\n    Map = require('./_Map'),\n    MapCache = require('./_MapCache');\n\n/** Used as the size to enable large array optimizations. */\nvar LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE = 200;\n\n/**\n * Sets the stack `key` to `value`.\n *\n * @private\n * @name set\n * @memberOf Stack\n * @param {string} key The key of the value to set.\n * @param {*} value The value to set.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the stack cache instance.\n */\nfunction stackSet(key, value) {\n  var data = this.__data__;\n  if (data instanceof ListCache) {\n    var pairs = data.__data__;\n    if (!Map || (pairs.length < LARGE_ARRAY_SIZE - 1)) {\n      pairs.push([key, value]);\n      this.size = ++data.size;\n      return this;\n    }\n    data = this.__data__ = new MapCache(pairs);\n  }\n  data.set(key, value);\n  this.size = data.size;\n  return this;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stackSet;\n","/**\n * A specialized version of `_.indexOf` which performs strict equality\n * comparisons of values, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {*} value The value to search for.\n * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.\n */\nfunction strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {\n  var index = fromIndex - 1,\n      length = array.length;\n\n  while (++index < length) {\n    if (array[index] === value) {\n      return index;\n    }\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = strictIndexOf;\n","var asciiToArray = require('./_asciiToArray'),\n    hasUnicode = require('./_hasUnicode'),\n    unicodeToArray = require('./_unicodeToArray');\n\n/**\n * Converts `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction stringToArray(string) {\n  return hasUnicode(string)\n    ? unicodeToArray(string)\n    : asciiToArray(string);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stringToArray;\n","var memoizeCapped = require('./_memoizeCapped');\n\n/** Used to match property names within property paths. */\nvar rePropName = /[^.[\\]]+|\\[(?:(-?\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)|([\"'])((?:(?!\\2)[^\\\\]|\\\\.)*?)\\2)\\]|(?=(?:\\.|\\[\\])(?:\\.|\\[\\]|$))/g;\n\n/** Used to match backslashes in property paths. */\nvar reEscapeChar = /\\\\(\\\\)?/g;\n\n/**\n * Converts `string` to a property path array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the property path array.\n */\nvar stringToPath = memoizeCapped(function(string) {\n  var result = [];\n  if (string.charCodeAt(0) === 46 /* . */) {\n    result.push('');\n  }\n  string.replace(rePropName, function(match, number, quote, subString) {\n    result.push(quote ? subString.replace(reEscapeChar, '$1') : (number || match));\n  });\n  return result;\n});\n\nmodule.exports = stringToPath;\n","var isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string key if it's not a string or symbol.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to inspect.\n * @returns {string|symbol} Returns the key.\n */\nfunction toKey(value) {\n  if (typeof value == 'string' || isSymbol(value)) {\n    return value;\n  }\n  var result = (value + '');\n  return (result == '0' && (1 / value) == -INFINITY) ? '-0' : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toKey;\n","/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar funcProto = Function.prototype;\n\n/** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */\nvar funcToString = funcProto.toString;\n\n/**\n * Converts `func` to its source code.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {Function} func The function to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the source code.\n */\nfunction toSource(func) {\n  if (func != null) {\n    try {\n      return funcToString.call(func);\n    } catch (e) {}\n    try {\n      return (func + '');\n    } catch (e) {}\n  }\n  return '';\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toSource;\n","/** Used to match a single whitespace character. */\nvar reWhitespace = /\\s/;\n\n/**\n * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimEnd` to get the index of the last non-whitespace\n * character of `string`.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to inspect.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.\n */\nfunction trimmedEndIndex(string) {\n  var index = string.length;\n\n  while (index-- && reWhitespace.test(string.charAt(index))) {}\n  return index;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = trimmedEndIndex;\n","/** Used to compose unicode character classes. */\nvar rsAstralRange = '\\\\ud800-\\\\udfff',\n    rsComboMarksRange = '\\\\u0300-\\\\u036f',\n    reComboHalfMarksRange = '\\\\ufe20-\\\\ufe2f',\n    rsComboSymbolsRange = '\\\\u20d0-\\\\u20ff',\n    rsComboRange = rsComboMarksRange + reComboHalfMarksRange + rsComboSymbolsRange,\n    rsVarRange = '\\\\ufe0e\\\\ufe0f';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode capture groups. */\nvar rsAstral = '[' + rsAstralRange + ']',\n    rsCombo = '[' + rsComboRange + ']',\n    rsFitz = '\\\\ud83c[\\\\udffb-\\\\udfff]',\n    rsModifier = '(?:' + rsCombo + '|' + rsFitz + ')',\n    rsNonAstral = '[^' + rsAstralRange + ']',\n    rsRegional = '(?:\\\\ud83c[\\\\udde6-\\\\uddff]){2}',\n    rsSurrPair = '[\\\\ud800-\\\\udbff][\\\\udc00-\\\\udfff]',\n    rsZWJ = '\\\\u200d';\n\n/** Used to compose unicode regexes. */\nvar reOptMod = rsModifier + '?',\n    rsOptVar = '[' + rsVarRange + ']?',\n    rsOptJoin = '(?:' + rsZWJ + '(?:' + [rsNonAstral, rsRegional, rsSurrPair].join('|') + ')' + rsOptVar + reOptMod + ')*',\n    rsSeq = rsOptVar + reOptMod + rsOptJoin,\n    rsSymbol = '(?:' + [rsNonAstral + rsCombo + '?', rsCombo, rsRegional, rsSurrPair, rsAstral].join('|') + ')';\n\n/** Used to match [string symbols](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode). */\nvar reUnicode = RegExp(rsFitz + '(?=' + rsFitz + ')|' + rsSymbol + rsSeq, 'g');\n\n/**\n * Converts a Unicode `string` to an array.\n *\n * @private\n * @param {string} string The string to convert.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.\n */\nfunction unicodeToArray(string) {\n  return string.match(reUnicode) || [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = unicodeToArray;\n","/**\n * Creates a function that returns `value`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Util\n * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new constant function.\n * @example\n *\n * var objects = _.times(2, _.constant({ 'a': 1 }));\n *\n * console.log(objects);\n * // => [{ 'a': 1 }, { 'a': 1 }]\n *\n * console.log(objects[0] === objects[1]);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction constant(value) {\n  return function() {\n    return value;\n  };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = constant;\n","var isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    now = require('./now'),\n    toNumber = require('./toNumber');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max,\n    nativeMin = Math.min;\n\n/**\n * Creates a debounced function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait`\n * milliseconds have elapsed since the last time the debounced function was\n * invoked. The debounced function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel\n * delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to immediately invoke them.\n * Provide `options` to indicate whether `func` should be invoked on the\n * leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. The `func` is invoked\n * with the last arguments provided to the debounced function. Subsequent\n * calls to the debounced function return the result of the last `func`\n * invocation.\n *\n * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is\n * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the debounced function\n * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred\n * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.\n *\n * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)\n * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.\n * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.\n * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false]\n *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {number} [options.maxWait]\n *  The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's invoked.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.\n * @example\n *\n * // Avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux.\n * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));\n *\n * // Invoke `sendMail` when clicked, debouncing subsequent calls.\n * jQuery(element).on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {\n *   'leading': true,\n *   'trailing': false\n * }));\n *\n * // Ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls.\n * var debounced = _.debounce(batchLog, 250, { 'maxWait': 1000 });\n * var source = new EventSource('/stream');\n * jQuery(source).on('message', debounced);\n *\n * // Cancel the trailing debounced invocation.\n * jQuery(window).on('popstate', debounced.cancel);\n */\nfunction debounce(func, wait, options) {\n  var lastArgs,\n      lastThis,\n      maxWait,\n      result,\n      timerId,\n      lastCallTime,\n      lastInvokeTime = 0,\n      leading = false,\n      maxing = false,\n      trailing = true;\n\n  if (typeof func != 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  wait = toNumber(wait) || 0;\n  if (isObject(options)) {\n    leading = !!options.leading;\n    maxing = 'maxWait' in options;\n    maxWait = maxing ? nativeMax(toNumber(options.maxWait) || 0, wait) : maxWait;\n    trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;\n  }\n\n  function invokeFunc(time) {\n    var args = lastArgs,\n        thisArg = lastThis;\n\n    lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;\n    lastInvokeTime = time;\n    result = func.apply(thisArg, args);\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  function leadingEdge(time) {\n    // Reset any `maxWait` timer.\n    lastInvokeTime = time;\n    // Start the timer for the trailing edge.\n    timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n    // Invoke the leading edge.\n    return leading ? invokeFunc(time) : result;\n  }\n\n  function remainingWait(time) {\n    var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,\n        timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime,\n        timeWaiting = wait - timeSinceLastCall;\n\n    return maxing\n      ? nativeMin(timeWaiting, maxWait - timeSinceLastInvoke)\n      : timeWaiting;\n  }\n\n  function shouldInvoke(time) {\n    var timeSinceLastCall = time - lastCallTime,\n        timeSinceLastInvoke = time - lastInvokeTime;\n\n    // Either this is the first call, activity has stopped and we're at the\n    // trailing edge, the system time has gone backwards and we're treating\n    // it as the trailing edge, or we've hit the `maxWait` limit.\n    return (lastCallTime === undefined || (timeSinceLastCall >= wait) ||\n      (timeSinceLastCall < 0) || (maxing && timeSinceLastInvoke >= maxWait));\n  }\n\n  function timerExpired() {\n    var time = now();\n    if (shouldInvoke(time)) {\n      return trailingEdge(time);\n    }\n    // Restart the timer.\n    timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, remainingWait(time));\n  }\n\n  function trailingEdge(time) {\n    timerId = undefined;\n\n    // Only invoke if we have `lastArgs` which means `func` has been\n    // debounced at least once.\n    if (trailing && lastArgs) {\n      return invokeFunc(time);\n    }\n    lastArgs = lastThis = undefined;\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  function cancel() {\n    if (timerId !== undefined) {\n      clearTimeout(timerId);\n    }\n    lastInvokeTime = 0;\n    lastArgs = lastCallTime = lastThis = timerId = undefined;\n  }\n\n  function flush() {\n    return timerId === undefined ? result : trailingEdge(now());\n  }\n\n  function debounced() {\n    var time = now(),\n        isInvoking = shouldInvoke(time);\n\n    lastArgs = arguments;\n    lastThis = this;\n    lastCallTime = time;\n\n    if (isInvoking) {\n      if (timerId === undefined) {\n        return leadingEdge(lastCallTime);\n      }\n      if (maxing) {\n        // Handle invocations in a tight loop.\n        clearTimeout(timerId);\n        timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n        return invokeFunc(lastCallTime);\n      }\n    }\n    if (timerId === undefined) {\n      timerId = setTimeout(timerExpired, wait);\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  debounced.cancel = cancel;\n  debounced.flush = flush;\n  return debounced;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = debounce;\n","/**\n * Performs a\n * [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero)\n * comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n * var other = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * _.eq(object, object);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.eq(object, other);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.eq('a', 'a');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.eq('a', Object('a'));\n * // => false\n *\n * _.eq(NaN, NaN);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction eq(value, other) {\n  return value === other || (value !== value && other !== other);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = eq;\n","var arrayEvery = require('./_arrayEvery'),\n    baseEvery = require('./_baseEvery'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.\n * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is\n * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * **Note:** This method returns `true` for\n * [empty collections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_set) because\n * [everything is true](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuous_truth) of\n * elements of empty collections.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);\n * // => false\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });\n * // => false\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => true\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.every(users, 'active');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction every(collection, predicate, guard) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;\n  if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {\n    predicate = undefined;\n  }\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(predicate, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = every;\n","var createFind = require('./_createFind'),\n    findIndex = require('./findIndex');\n\n/**\n * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element\n * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three\n * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }\n * ];\n *\n * _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; });\n * // => object for 'barney'\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });\n * // => object for 'pebbles'\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => object for 'fred'\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.find(users, 'active');\n * // => object for 'barney'\n */\nvar find = createFind(findIndex);\n\nmodule.exports = find;\n","var baseFindIndex = require('./_baseFindIndex'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    toInteger = require('./toInteger');\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeMax = Math.max;\n\n/**\n * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first\n * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 1.1.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.\n * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },\n *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }\n * ];\n *\n * _.findIndex(users, function(o) { return o.user == 'barney'; });\n * // => 0\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });\n * // => 1\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => 0\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.findIndex(users, 'active');\n * // => 2\n */\nfunction findIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  if (!length) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  var index = fromIndex == null ? 0 : toInteger(fromIndex);\n  if (index < 0) {\n    index = nativeMax(length + index, 0);\n  }\n  return baseFindIndex(array, baseIteratee(predicate, 3), index);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = findIndex;\n","var baseFlatten = require('./_baseFlatten'),\n    map = require('./map');\n\n/**\n * Creates a flattened array of values by running each element in `collection`\n * thru `iteratee` and flattening the mapped results. The iteratee is invoked\n * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.\n * @example\n *\n * function duplicate(n) {\n *   return [n, n];\n * }\n *\n * _.flatMap([1, 2], duplicate);\n * // => [1, 1, 2, 2]\n */\nfunction flatMap(collection, iteratee) {\n  return baseFlatten(map(collection, iteratee), 1);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = flatMap;\n","var baseGet = require('./_baseGet');\n\n/**\n * Gets the value at `path` of `object`. If the resolved value is\n * `undefined`, the `defaultValue` is returned in its place.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 3.7.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned for `undefined` resolved values.\n * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c': 3 } }] };\n *\n * _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c');\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.get(object, ['a', '0', 'b', 'c']);\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.get(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');\n * // => 'default'\n */\nfunction get(object, path, defaultValue) {\n  var result = object == null ? undefined : baseGet(object, path);\n  return result === undefined ? defaultValue : result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = get;\n","var baseHasIn = require('./_baseHasIn'),\n    hasPath = require('./_hasPath');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `path` is a direct or inherited property of `object`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': 2 }) });\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'a');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'a.b');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, ['a', 'b']);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.hasIn(object, 'b');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction hasIn(object, path) {\n  return object != null && hasPath(object, path, baseHasIn);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = hasIn;\n","/**\n * This method returns the first argument it receives.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Util\n * @param {*} value Any value.\n * @returns {*} Returns `value`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * console.log(_.identity(object) === object);\n * // => true\n */\nfunction identity(value) {\n  return value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = identity;\n","var baseIsArguments = require('./_baseIsArguments'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** Used for built-in method references. */\nvar objectProto = Object.prototype;\n\n/** Used to check objects for own properties. */\nvar hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an `arguments` object,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isArguments = baseIsArguments(function() { return arguments; }()) ? baseIsArguments : function(value) {\n  return isObjectLike(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&\n    !propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee');\n};\n\nmodule.exports = isArguments;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArray(document.body.children);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray('abc');\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isArray(_.noop);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isArray = Array.isArray;\n\nmodule.exports = isArray;\n","var isFunction = require('./isFunction'),\n    isLength = require('./isLength');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's\n * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or\n * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike('abc');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isArrayLike(value) {\n  return value != null && isLength(value.length) && !isFunction(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isArrayLike;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar boolTag = '[object Boolean]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a boolean, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isBoolean(false);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isBoolean(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isBoolean(value) {\n  return value === true || value === false ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == boolTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isBoolean;\n","var root = require('./_root'),\n    stubFalse = require('./stubFalse');\n\n/** Detect free variable `exports`. */\nvar freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;\n\n/** Detect free variable `module`. */\nvar freeModule = freeExports && typeof module == 'object' && module && !module.nodeType && module;\n\n/** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */\nvar moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports;\n\n/** Built-in value references. */\nvar Buffer = moduleExports ? root.Buffer : undefined;\n\n/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */\nvar nativeIsBuffer = Buffer ? Buffer.isBuffer : undefined;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a buffer.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.3.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a buffer, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isBuffer(new Buffer(2));\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isBuffer(new Uint8Array(2));\n * // => false\n */\nvar isBuffer = nativeIsBuffer || stubFalse;\n\nmodule.exports = isBuffer;\n","var baseIsEqual = require('./_baseIsEqual');\n\n/**\n * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are\n * equivalent.\n *\n * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, array buffers, booleans,\n * date objects, error objects, maps, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes,\n * sets, strings, symbols, and typed arrays. `Object` objects are compared\n * by their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM\n * nodes are compared by strict equality, i.e. `===`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to compare.\n * @param {*} other The other value to compare.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1 };\n * var other = { 'a': 1 };\n *\n * _.isEqual(object, other);\n * // => true\n *\n * object === other;\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isEqual(value, other) {\n  return baseIsEqual(value, other);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isEqual;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar asyncTag = '[object AsyncFunction]',\n    funcTag = '[object Function]',\n    genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',\n    proxyTag = '[object Proxy]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isFunction(_);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isFunction(/abc/);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isFunction(value) {\n  if (!isObject(value)) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator\n  // in Safari 9 which returns 'object' for typed arrays and other constructors.\n  var tag = baseGetTag(value);\n  return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag || tag == asyncTag || tag == proxyTag;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isFunction;\n","/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is loosely based on\n * [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tolength).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isLength(3);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isLength(Infinity);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isLength('3');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isLength(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'number' &&\n    value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isLength;\n","var isNumber = require('./isNumber');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is based on\n * [`Number.isNaN`](https://mdn.io/Number/isNaN) and is not the same as\n * global [`isNaN`](https://mdn.io/isNaN) which returns `true` for\n * `undefined` and other non-number values.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNaN(NaN);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));\n * // => true\n *\n * isNaN(undefined);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNaN(undefined);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNaN(value) {\n  // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.\n  // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some\n  // ActiveX objects in IE.\n  return isNumber(value) && value != +value;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNaN;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is `null` or `undefined`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is nullish, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNil(null);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNil(void 0);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNil(NaN);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNil(value) {\n  return value == null;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNil;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar numberTag = '[object Number]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.\n *\n * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are\n * classified as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a number, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isNumber(3);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber(Infinity);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isNumber('3');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isNumber(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'number' ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == numberTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isNumber;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is the\n * [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)\n * of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isObject({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject(_.noop);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObject(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isObject(value) {\n  var type = typeof value;\n  return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isObject;\n","/**\n * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`\n * and has a `typeof` result of \"object\".\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isObjectLike({});\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);\n * // => false\n *\n * _.isObjectLike(null);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isObjectLike(value) {\n  return value != null && typeof value == 'object';\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isObjectLike;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar stringTag = '[object String]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a string, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isString('abc');\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isString(1);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isString(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'string' ||\n    (!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == stringTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isString;\n","var baseGetTag = require('./_baseGetTag'),\n    isObjectLike = require('./isObjectLike');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */\nvar symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Symbol` primitive or object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a symbol, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isSymbol(Symbol.iterator);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isSymbol('abc');\n * // => false\n */\nfunction isSymbol(value) {\n  return typeof value == 'symbol' ||\n    (isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == symbolTag);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = isSymbol;\n","var baseIsTypedArray = require('./_baseIsTypedArray'),\n    baseUnary = require('./_baseUnary'),\n    nodeUtil = require('./_nodeUtil');\n\n/* Node.js helper references. */\nvar nodeIsTypedArray = nodeUtil && nodeUtil.isTypedArray;\n\n/**\n * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 3.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to check.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a typed array, else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);\n * // => true\n *\n * _.isTypedArray([]);\n * // => false\n */\nvar isTypedArray = nodeIsTypedArray ? baseUnary(nodeIsTypedArray) : baseIsTypedArray;\n\nmodule.exports = isTypedArray;\n","var arrayLikeKeys = require('./_arrayLikeKeys'),\n    baseKeys = require('./_baseKeys'),\n    isArrayLike = require('./isArrayLike');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.\n *\n * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the\n * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.keys)\n * for more details.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to query.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.\n * @example\n *\n * function Foo() {\n *   this.a = 1;\n *   this.b = 2;\n * }\n *\n * Foo.prototype.c = 3;\n *\n * _.keys(new Foo);\n * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * _.keys('hi');\n * // => ['0', '1']\n */\nfunction keys(object) {\n  return isArrayLike(object) ? arrayLikeKeys(object) : baseKeys(object);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = keys;\n","/**\n * Gets the last element of `array`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to query.\n * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.last([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => 3\n */\nfunction last(array) {\n  var length = array == null ? 0 : array.length;\n  return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = last;\n","var arrayMap = require('./_arrayMap'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseMap = require('./_baseMap'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` thru\n * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:\n * (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like\n * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.\n *\n * The guarded methods are:\n * `ary`, `chunk`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,\n * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `rangeRight`, `repeat`,\n * `sampleSize`, `slice`, `some`, `sortBy`, `split`, `take`, `takeRight`,\n * `template`, `trim`, `trimEnd`, `trimStart`, and `words`\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.\n * @example\n *\n * function square(n) {\n *   return n * n;\n * }\n *\n * _.map([4, 8], square);\n * // => [16, 64]\n *\n * _.map({ 'a': 4, 'b': 8 }, square);\n * // => [16, 64] (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney' },\n *   { 'user': 'fred' }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.map(users, 'user');\n * // => ['barney', 'fred']\n */\nfunction map(collection, iteratee) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(iteratee, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = map;\n","var baseAssignValue = require('./_baseAssignValue'),\n    baseForOwn = require('./_baseForOwn'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee');\n\n/**\n * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated\n * by running each own enumerable string keyed property of `object` thru\n * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:\n * (value, key, object).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Object\n * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.\n * @see _.mapKeys\n * @example\n *\n * var users = {\n *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },\n *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }\n * };\n *\n * _.mapValues(users, function(o) { return o.age; });\n * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.mapValues(users, 'age');\n * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)\n */\nfunction mapValues(object, iteratee) {\n  var result = {};\n  iteratee = baseIteratee(iteratee, 3);\n\n  baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {\n    baseAssignValue(result, key, iteratee(value, key, object));\n  });\n  return result;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = mapValues;\n","var baseExtremum = require('./_baseExtremum'),\n    baseGt = require('./_baseGt'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * Computes the maximum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,\n * `undefined` is returned.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Math\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 8\n *\n * _.max([]);\n * // => undefined\n */\nfunction max(array) {\n  return (array && array.length)\n    ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseGt)\n    : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = max;\n","var MapCache = require('./_MapCache');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is\n * provided, it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the\n * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument\n * provided to the memoized function is used as the map cache key. The `func`\n * is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized function.\n *\n * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized\n * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`\n * constructor with one whose instances implement the\n * [`Map`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)\n * method interface of `clear`, `delete`, `get`, `has`, and `set`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.\n * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoized function.\n * @example\n *\n * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 };\n * var other = { 'c': 3, 'd': 4 };\n *\n * var values = _.memoize(_.values);\n * values(object);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * values(other);\n * // => [3, 4]\n *\n * object.a = 2;\n * values(object);\n * // => [1, 2]\n *\n * // Modify the result cache.\n * values.cache.set(object, ['a', 'b']);\n * values(object);\n * // => ['a', 'b']\n *\n * // Replace `_.memoize.Cache`.\n * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;\n */\nfunction memoize(func, resolver) {\n  if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver != null && typeof resolver != 'function')) {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  var memoized = function() {\n    var args = arguments,\n        key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0],\n        cache = memoized.cache;\n\n    if (cache.has(key)) {\n      return cache.get(key);\n    }\n    var result = func.apply(this, args);\n    memoized.cache = cache.set(key, result) || cache;\n    return result;\n  };\n  memoized.cache = new (memoize.Cache || MapCache);\n  return memoized;\n}\n\n// Expose `MapCache`.\nmemoize.Cache = MapCache;\n\nmodule.exports = memoize;\n","var baseExtremum = require('./_baseExtremum'),\n    baseLt = require('./_baseLt'),\n    identity = require('./identity');\n\n/**\n * Computes the minimum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey,\n * `undefined` is returned.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Math\n * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.\n * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.\n * @example\n *\n * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);\n * // => 2\n *\n * _.min([]);\n * // => undefined\n */\nfunction min(array) {\n  return (array && array.length)\n    ? baseExtremum(array, identity, baseLt)\n    : undefined;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = min;\n","/**\n * This method returns `undefined`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.3.0\n * @category Util\n * @example\n *\n * _.times(2, _.noop);\n * // => [undefined, undefined]\n */\nfunction noop() {\n  // No operation performed.\n}\n\nmodule.exports = noop;\n","var root = require('./_root');\n\n/**\n * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since\n * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Date\n * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.\n * @example\n *\n * _.defer(function(stamp) {\n *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);\n * }, _.now());\n * // => Logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred invocation.\n */\nvar now = function() {\n  return root.Date.now();\n};\n\nmodule.exports = now;\n","var baseProperty = require('./_baseProperty'),\n    basePropertyDeep = require('./_basePropertyDeep'),\n    isKey = require('./_isKey'),\n    toKey = require('./_toKey');\n\n/**\n * Creates a function that returns the value at `path` of a given object.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 2.4.0\n * @category Util\n * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to get.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new accessor function.\n * @example\n *\n * var objects = [\n *   { 'a': { 'b': 2 } },\n *   { 'a': { 'b': 1 } }\n * ];\n *\n * _.map(objects, _.property('a.b'));\n * // => [2, 1]\n *\n * _.map(_.sortBy(objects, _.property(['a', 'b'])), 'a.b');\n * // => [1, 2]\n */\nfunction property(path) {\n  return isKey(path) ? baseProperty(toKey(path)) : basePropertyDeep(path);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = property;\n","var createRange = require('./_createRange');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from\n * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. A step of `-1` is used if a negative\n * `start` is specified without an `end` or `step`. If `end` is not specified,\n * it's set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.\n *\n * **Note:** JavaScript follows the IEEE-754 standard for resolving\n * floating-point values which can produce unexpected results.\n *\n * @static\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @memberOf _\n * @category Util\n * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.\n * @param {number} end The end of the range.\n * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the range of numbers.\n * @see _.inRange, _.rangeRight\n * @example\n *\n * _.range(4);\n * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]\n *\n * _.range(-4);\n * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 5);\n * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]\n *\n * _.range(0, 20, 5);\n * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]\n *\n * _.range(0, -4, -1);\n * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]\n *\n * _.range(1, 4, 0);\n * // => [1, 1, 1]\n *\n * _.range(0);\n * // => []\n */\nvar range = createRange();\n\nmodule.exports = range;\n","var arraySome = require('./_arraySome'),\n    baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseSome = require('./_baseSome'),\n    isArray = require('./isArray'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.\n * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is\n * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {Function} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.\n * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.map`.\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,\n *  else `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);\n * // => true\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }\n * ];\n *\n * // The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });\n * // => false\n *\n * // The `_.matchesProperty` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, ['active', false]);\n * // => true\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.some(users, 'active');\n * // => true\n */\nfunction some(collection, predicate, guard) {\n  var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;\n  if (guard && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, guard)) {\n    predicate = undefined;\n  }\n  return func(collection, baseIteratee(predicate, 3));\n}\n\nmodule.exports = some;\n","var baseFlatten = require('./_baseFlatten'),\n    baseOrderBy = require('./_baseOrderBy'),\n    baseRest = require('./_baseRest'),\n    isIterateeCall = require('./_isIterateeCall');\n\n/**\n * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of\n * running each element in a collection thru each iteratee. This method\n * performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of\n * equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Collection\n * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.\n * @param {...(Function|Function[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]\n *  The iteratees to sort by.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.\n * @example\n *\n * var users = [\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },\n *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 30 },\n *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }\n * ];\n *\n * _.sortBy(users, [function(o) { return o.user; }]);\n * // => objects for [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 30]]\n *\n * _.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']);\n * // => objects for [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 48]]\n */\nvar sortBy = baseRest(function(collection, iteratees) {\n  if (collection == null) {\n    return [];\n  }\n  var length = iteratees.length;\n  if (length > 1 && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratees[0], iteratees[1])) {\n    iteratees = [];\n  } else if (length > 2 && isIterateeCall(iteratees[0], iteratees[1], iteratees[2])) {\n    iteratees = [iteratees[0]];\n  }\n  return baseOrderBy(collection, baseFlatten(iteratees, 1), []);\n});\n\nmodule.exports = sortBy;\n","/**\n * This method returns a new empty array.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.13.0\n * @category Util\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new empty array.\n * @example\n *\n * var arrays = _.times(2, _.stubArray);\n *\n * console.log(arrays);\n * // => [[], []]\n *\n * console.log(arrays[0] === arrays[1]);\n * // => false\n */\nfunction stubArray() {\n  return [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stubArray;\n","/**\n * This method returns `false`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.13.0\n * @category Util\n * @returns {boolean} Returns `false`.\n * @example\n *\n * _.times(2, _.stubFalse);\n * // => [false, false]\n */\nfunction stubFalse() {\n  return false;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = stubFalse;\n","var debounce = require('./debounce'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject');\n\n/** Error message constants. */\nvar FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';\n\n/**\n * Creates a throttled function that only invokes `func` at most once per\n * every `wait` milliseconds. The throttled function comes with a `cancel`\n * method to cancel delayed `func` invocations and a `flush` method to\n * immediately invoke them. Provide `options` to indicate whether `func`\n * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait`\n * timeout. The `func` is invoked with the last arguments provided to the\n * throttled function. Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the\n * result of the last `func` invocation.\n *\n * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is\n * invoked on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the throttled function\n * is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.\n *\n * If `wait` is `0` and `leading` is `false`, `func` invocation is deferred\n * until to the next tick, similar to `setTimeout` with a timeout of `0`.\n *\n * See [David Corbacho's article](https://css-tricks.com/debouncing-throttling-explained-examples/)\n * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 0.1.0\n * @category Function\n * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.\n * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.\n * @param {Object} [options={}] The options object.\n * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the leading edge of the timeout.\n * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true]\n *  Specify invoking on the trailing edge of the timeout.\n * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.\n * @example\n *\n * // Avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling.\n * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));\n *\n * // Invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes.\n * var throttled = _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, { 'trailing': false });\n * jQuery(element).on('click', throttled);\n *\n * // Cancel the trailing throttled invocation.\n * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);\n */\nfunction throttle(func, wait, options) {\n  var leading = true,\n      trailing = true;\n\n  if (typeof func != 'function') {\n    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);\n  }\n  if (isObject(options)) {\n    leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;\n    trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;\n  }\n  return debounce(func, wait, {\n    'leading': leading,\n    'maxWait': wait,\n    'trailing': trailing\n  });\n}\n\nmodule.exports = throttle;\n","var toNumber = require('./toNumber');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar INFINITY = 1 / 0,\n    MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a finite number.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.12.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {number} Returns the converted number.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toFinite(3.2);\n * // => 3.2\n *\n * _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 5e-324\n *\n * _.toFinite(Infinity);\n * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308\n *\n * _.toFinite('3.2');\n * // => 3.2\n */\nfunction toFinite(value) {\n  if (!value) {\n    return value === 0 ? value : 0;\n  }\n  value = toNumber(value);\n  if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {\n    var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);\n    return sign * MAX_INTEGER;\n  }\n  return value === value ? value : 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toFinite;\n","var toFinite = require('./toFinite');\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to an integer.\n *\n * **Note:** This method is loosely based on\n * [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toInteger(3.2);\n * // => 3\n *\n * _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 0\n *\n * _.toInteger(Infinity);\n * // => 1.7976931348623157e+308\n *\n * _.toInteger('3.2');\n * // => 3\n */\nfunction toInteger(value) {\n  var result = toFinite(value),\n      remainder = result % 1;\n\n  return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toInteger;\n","var baseTrim = require('./_baseTrim'),\n    isObject = require('./isObject'),\n    isSymbol = require('./isSymbol');\n\n/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */\nvar NAN = 0 / 0;\n\n/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */\nvar reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;\n\n/** Used to detect binary string values. */\nvar reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;\n\n/** Used to detect octal string values. */\nvar reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;\n\n/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */\nvar freeParseInt = parseInt;\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a number.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to process.\n * @returns {number} Returns the number.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toNumber(3.2);\n * // => 3.2\n *\n * _.toNumber(Number.MIN_VALUE);\n * // => 5e-324\n *\n * _.toNumber(Infinity);\n * // => Infinity\n *\n * _.toNumber('3.2');\n * // => 3.2\n */\nfunction toNumber(value) {\n  if (typeof value == 'number') {\n    return value;\n  }\n  if (isSymbol(value)) {\n    return NAN;\n  }\n  if (isObject(value)) {\n    var other = typeof value.valueOf == 'function' ? value.valueOf() : value;\n    value = isObject(other) ? (other + '') : other;\n  }\n  if (typeof value != 'string') {\n    return value === 0 ? value : +value;\n  }\n  value = baseTrim(value);\n  var isBinary = reIsBinary.test(value);\n  return (isBinary || reIsOctal.test(value))\n    ? freeParseInt(value.slice(2), isBinary ? 2 : 8)\n    : (reIsBadHex.test(value) ? NAN : +value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toNumber;\n","var baseToString = require('./_baseToString');\n\n/**\n * Converts `value` to a string. An empty string is returned for `null`\n * and `undefined` values. The sign of `-0` is preserved.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Lang\n * @param {*} value The value to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n * @example\n *\n * _.toString(null);\n * // => ''\n *\n * _.toString(-0);\n * // => '-0'\n *\n * _.toString([1, 2, 3]);\n * // => '1,2,3'\n */\nfunction toString(value) {\n  return value == null ? '' : baseToString(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = toString;\n","var baseIteratee = require('./_baseIteratee'),\n    baseUniq = require('./_baseUniq');\n\n/**\n * This method is like `_.uniq` except that it accepts `iteratee` which is\n * invoked for each element in `array` to generate the criterion by which\n * uniqueness is computed. The order of result values is determined by the\n * order they occur in the array. The iteratee is invoked with one argument:\n * (value).\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category Array\n * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.\n * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The iteratee invoked per element.\n * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate free array.\n * @example\n *\n * _.uniqBy([2.1, 1.2, 2.3], Math.floor);\n * // => [2.1, 1.2]\n *\n * // The `_.property` iteratee shorthand.\n * _.uniqBy([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');\n * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]\n */\nfunction uniqBy(array, iteratee) {\n  return (array && array.length) ? baseUniq(array, baseIteratee(iteratee, 2)) : [];\n}\n\nmodule.exports = uniqBy;\n","var createCaseFirst = require('./_createCaseFirst');\n\n/**\n * Converts the first character of `string` to upper case.\n *\n * @static\n * @memberOf _\n * @since 4.0.0\n * @category String\n * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.\n * @returns {string} Returns the converted string.\n * @example\n *\n * _.upperFirst('fred');\n * // => 'Fred'\n *\n * _.upperFirst('FRED');\n * // => 'FRED'\n */\nvar upperFirst = createCaseFirst('toUpperCase');\n\nmodule.exports = upperFirst;\n","\"use strict\";\n\nvar _interopRequireDefault = require(\"@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault\");\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = addClass;\n\nvar _hasClass = _interopRequireDefault(require(\"./hasClass\"));\n\nfunction addClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) element.classList.add(className);else if (!(0, _hasClass.default)(element, className)) if (typeof element.className === 'string') element.className = element.className + ' ' + className;else element.setAttribute('class', (element.className && element.className.baseVal || '') + ' ' + className);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","\"use strict\";\n\nexports.__esModule = true;\nexports.default = hasClass;\n\nfunction hasClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) return !!className && element.classList.contains(className);else return (\" \" + (element.className.baseVal || element.className) + \" \").indexOf(\" \" + className + \" \") !== -1;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = exports[\"default\"];","'use strict';\n\nfunction replaceClassName(origClass, classToRemove) {\n  return origClass.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\\\s)' + classToRemove + '(?:\\\\s|$)', 'g'), '$1').replace(/\\s+/g, ' ').replace(/^\\s*|\\s*$/g, '');\n}\n\nmodule.exports = function removeClass(element, className) {\n  if (element.classList) element.classList.remove(className);else if (typeof element.className === 'string') element.className = replaceClassName(element.className, className);else element.setAttribute('class', replaceClassName(element.className && element.className.baseVal || '', className));\n};"],"sourceRoot":""}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/credits/index.html b/credits/index.html
index 02a97fc48..d689c14bf 100644
--- a/credits/index.html
+++ b/credits/index.html
@@ -134,4 +134,4 @@
         }
       }
     })
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32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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rel="noopener noreferrer">Agile Education Research -tutkimusryhmä</a>.</p><h2>Kurssimateriaali</h2><p>Kurssimateriaalin ja tehtävien tekijät ovat Erkki Kaila, Antti Laaksonen ja Matti Luukkainen. 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32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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rel="noopener noreferrer">Agile Education Research -tutkimusryhmä</a>.</p><h2>Kurssimateriaali</h2><p>Kurssimateriaalin ja tehtävien tekijät ovat Erkki Kaila, Antti Laaksonen ja Matti Luukkainen. Muutama kurssin tehtävistä on Arto Hellaksen (né Vihavainen) käsialaa.</p><p>Kurssin materiaali on lisensoitu<!-- --> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.fi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> <!-- -->-lisenssillä, joten voit käyttää ja levittää sitä vapaasti, kunhan alkuperäisten tekijöiden nimiä ei poisteta. Jos teet muutoksia materiaaliin ja haluat levittää muunneltua versiota, se täytyy lisensoida samalla lisenssillä. Materiaalien käyttö kaupalliseen tarkoitukseen on ilman erillistä lupaa kielletty.</p><h2>Kurssilla käytössä oleva teknologia</h2><p>Kurssisivuston ovat tehneet<!-- --> <a href="https://github.com/nygrenh" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Henrik Nygren</a> <!-- -->ja<!-- --> <a href="https://github.com/redande" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Antti Leinonen</a>. 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32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPKigdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä</div></header><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Tietoa kurssista</h1><div><p><strong>Kurssi alkaa 16.1.2023</strong></p>
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class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><header class="Banner__BannerWrapper-sc-1ndnsed-0 fUQDVE"><div class="Banner__Heading-sc-1ndnsed-1 iyAsxE">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><div class="Banner__SubHeading-sc-1ndnsed-2 gPRrpG">Johdatus ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä</div></header><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Tietoa kurssista</h1><div><p><strong>Kurssi alkaa 16.1.2023</strong></p>
 <p>Nämä ovat Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden (TKT10002, 5 op) ja Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin (TKT10003, 5 op) kurssisivut.</p>
 <p>Kurssit suoritetaan tekemällä tehtäviä ja molempien kurssien päätteeksi on pakollinen tentti.
 Tarkemmat arvosteluperusteet löytyvät <a href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet">täältä</a></p>
@@ -233,4 +233,4 @@ <h2 class="material-header" id="luentotallenteet">Luentotallenteet<a href="#luen
 
 
 
-<div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><table class="MuiTable-root"><thead class="MuiTableHead-root"><tr class="MuiTableRow-root MuiTableRow-head"><th class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-head Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE" role="columnheader" scope="col">Osa</th><th class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-head Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE" role="columnheader" scope="col">Luentotallenne</th></tr></thead><tbody class="MuiTableBody-root"><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 1</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/D747XGyM3Ys" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 04.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 2</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/CGBUjc_ZbfE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 11.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 3</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/MXdj96x2sdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 18.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 4</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/W8D7xonW-Ss" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 25.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 5</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/F6AyZORGcac" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 02.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 6</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/MI9LLe4n_WQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 09.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 7</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/dst-3rSenIw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 16.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 8</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/t2hzBwBRE7Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 30.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 9</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/jVxnPyf769Y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 03.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 10</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/5AdWw8qD4ns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 13.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 11</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/pupTIw6ZZ4o" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 20.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 12</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/Eti9wBaLIws" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 27.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 13</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/BIkhyeiLEYg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 05.12.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 14</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Ei luentoa, projektityö</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div></main><footer class="Footer__FooterWrapper-sc-16r343g-5 cnVvAf"><div class="Footer__FooterBackground-sc-16r343g-6 hnTGgX"></div><div class="Footer__FooterContent-sc-16r343g-7 hicfXL"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiCard-root Footer__StyledCard-sc-16r343g-8 kkekar MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><div class="MuiCardContent-root Footer__StyledCardContent-sc-16r343g-9 KBHom"><div class="Footer__GithubContainer-sc-16r343g-3 okroy"><a href="https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-DH5qeUTTxWqr" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-3x Footer__StyledIcon-sc-16r343g-0 jZezEY" 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+<div class="MuiPaper-root MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><table class="MuiTable-root"><thead class="MuiTableHead-root"><tr class="MuiTableRow-root MuiTableRow-head"><th class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-head Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE" role="columnheader" scope="col">Osa</th><th class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-head Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE" role="columnheader" scope="col">Luentotallenne</th></tr></thead><tbody class="MuiTableBody-root"><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 1</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/D747XGyM3Ys" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 04.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 2</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/CGBUjc_ZbfE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 11.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 3</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/MXdj96x2sdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 18.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 4</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/W8D7xonW-Ss" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 25.09.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 5</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/F6AyZORGcac" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 02.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 6</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/MI9LLe4n_WQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 09.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 7</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/dst-3rSenIw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 16.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 8</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/t2hzBwBRE7Q" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 30.10.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 9</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/jVxnPyf769Y" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 03.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 10</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/5AdWw8qD4ns" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 13.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 11</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/pupTIw6ZZ4o" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 20.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 12</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/Eti9wBaLIws" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 27.11.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 13</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE"><a href="https://youtu.be/BIkhyeiLEYg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Luentotallenne, 05.12.2023</a></td></tr><tr class="MuiTableRow-root"><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Osa 14</td><td class="MuiTableCell-root MuiTableCell-body Table__StyledTableCell-sc-1s2xaqw-0 kaecOE">Ei luentoa, projektityö</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div></main><footer class="Footer__FooterWrapper-sc-16r343g-5 cnVvAf"><div class="Footer__FooterBackground-sc-16r343g-6 hnTGgX"></div><div class="Footer__FooterContent-sc-16r343g-7 hicfXL"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiCard-root Footer__StyledCard-sc-16r343g-8 kkekar MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><div class="MuiCardContent-root Footer__StyledCardContent-sc-16r343g-9 KBHom"><div class="Footer__GithubContainer-sc-16r343g-3 okroy"><a href="https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-p4WCAszkXKbI" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-3x Footer__StyledIcon-sc-16r343g-0 jZezEY" 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 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iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 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iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Ohjelmoinnin aloittaminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Ohjelmoinnin aloittaminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 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 <li>Olet kirjoittanut ja suorittanut ensimmäisen Python-ohjelmasi</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää print-komentoa viestien tulostamiseen</li>
 <li>Osaat laskea laskuja ohjelmoimalla</li>
@@ -231,4 +231,4 @@
 <span class="token comment"># vuodessa on 365 päivää ja jokaisessa 24 tuntia</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">365</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan, kommenteissa oleva teksti ei näy mitenkään ohjelman käyttäjälle:</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Tuntien määrä vuodessa:
 8760</p></div></div><p>Lyhyempi kommentti voi olla myös rivin lopussa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Tuntien määrä vuodessa:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">365</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä</span></code></pre></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">365</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä</span></code></pre></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Tietoa käyttäjältä</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa ohjelman, joka lukee tietoa käyttäjältä</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää muuttujaa syötteen lukemisessa ja tulostamisessa</li>
 <li>Osaat yhdistää merkkijonoja toisiinsa</li>
@@ -249,4 +249,4 @@
 
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Osoite on nyt &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> osoite<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Mikä on osoitteesi? <strong>Pythonpolku 10</strong>
 Anna uusi osoite: <strong>Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</strong>
-Osoite on nyt Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</p></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Lisää muuttujista</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää muuttujia eri yhteyksissä</li>
 <li>Tiedät, millaista tietoa muuttujiin voidaan tallentaa</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät merkkijonojen sekä kokonais- ja liukulukujen eron</li>
-</ul></div></aside><p>Vastaa seuraavaan kyselyyn ennen osion aloittamista. Saat vastaamisesta yhden tehtäväpisteen.</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-6a4ceb56-be87-5007-add2-1f28fad7bdfc"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fvEvSO fVANQe"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 MuiTypography-subtitle1-12" id="quiz-type-label" style="line-height:1.2;opacity:0.8"></div><svg aria-labelledby="gyn2eow-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-csDkEv fzckQW"><title id="gyn2eow-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#gyn2eow-diff)" style="fill:url(#gyn2eow-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="gyn2eow-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="4" ry="20" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="gyn2eow-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><div class="sc-fcCDlF YTANc"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-bWOGAC kdUncb MuiTypography-body1-3">:</div><svg aria-labelledby="pn7jcae-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-dEVLtI claeMQ"><title id="pn7jcae-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#pn7jcae-diff)" style="fill:url(#pn7jcae-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="pn7jcae-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="25" ry="25" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="pn7jcae-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div></div><div class="sc-evzXkX bwkoKs"><p class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-fHSyak bXAqKg MuiTypography-subtitle1-12">Log in to view the quiz</p></div></div></div></div><p>Muuttujia tarvitaan ohjelmissa moniin tarkoituksiin. Voimme tallentaa muuttujiin mitä tahansa sellaista tietoa, jota tarvitaan ohjelmassa myöhemmin.</p><p>Muuttuja luodaan Pythonissa seuraavasti:</p><p><code class="language-text">muuttujan_nimi = ...</code></p><p>Tässä <code class="language-text">...</code> tarkoittaa arvoa, joka tallennetaan muuttujaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun luemme <code class="language-text">input</code>-komennolla merkkijonon käyttäjältä, sijoitamme merkkijonon muuttujaan, jotta voimme käyttää sitä myöhemmin ohjelmassa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">nimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Anna nimesi: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</ul></div></aside><p>Vastaa seuraavaan kyselyyn ennen osion aloittamista. Saat vastaamisesta yhden tehtäväpisteen.</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-6a4ceb56-be87-5007-add2-1f28fad7bdfc"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fvEvSO fVANQe"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 MuiTypography-subtitle1-12" id="quiz-type-label" style="line-height:1.2;opacity:0.8"></div><svg aria-labelledby="ag0bczf-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-csDkEv fzckQW"><title id="ag0bczf-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#ag0bczf-diff)" style="fill:url(#ag0bczf-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="ag0bczf-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="4" ry="20" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="ag0bczf-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><div class="sc-fcCDlF YTANc"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-bWOGAC kdUncb MuiTypography-body1-3">:</div><svg aria-labelledby="iryvfc-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-dEVLtI claeMQ"><title id="iryvfc-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#iryvfc-diff)" style="fill:url(#iryvfc-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="iryvfc-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="25" ry="25" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="iryvfc-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div></div><div class="sc-evzXkX bwkoKs"><p class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-fHSyak bXAqKg MuiTypography-subtitle1-12">Log in to view the quiz</p></div></div></div></div><p>Muuttujia tarvitaan ohjelmissa moniin tarkoituksiin. Voimme tallentaa muuttujiin mitä tahansa sellaista tietoa, jota tarvitaan ohjelmassa myöhemmin.</p><p>Muuttuja luodaan Pythonissa seuraavasti:</p><p><code class="language-text">muuttujan_nimi = ...</code></p><p>Tässä <code class="language-text">...</code> tarkoittaa arvoa, joka tallennetaan muuttujaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun luemme <code class="language-text">input</code>-komennolla merkkijonon käyttäjältä, sijoitamme merkkijonon muuttujaan, jotta voimme käyttää sitä myöhemmin ohjelmassa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">nimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Anna nimesi: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Moi, &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> nimi<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Kummitus</strong>
 Moi, Kummitus</p></div></div><p>Muuttujille voidaan antaa arvoja myös esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">etunimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Pekka&quot;</span>
 sukunimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Pythonen&quot;</span>
@@ -276,4 +276,4 @@
 luku3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3.62</span>
 
 keskiarvo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>luku1 <span class="token operator">+</span> luku2 <span class="token operator">+</span> luku3<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Keskiarvo: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>keskiarvo<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Keskiarvo: 1.6233333333333333</p></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-7322e73e-d6c5-5490-af97-ec69c45e720b"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Keskiarvo: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>keskiarvo<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Keskiarvo: 1.6233333333333333</p></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" 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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Laskentaa luvuilla</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää muuttujia laskutoimitusten kanssa</li>
 <li>Osaat käsitellä käyttäjän antamia lukuarvoja</li>
 <li>Osaat muuntaa arvoja eri perustyyppien välillä</li>
@@ -349,4 +349,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Hei &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> nimi <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">&quot;!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 ika <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mikä on ikäsi? &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-<span class="token comment"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg 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+<span class="token comment"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg 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rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijUJqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPKigdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-1"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 1</a><h1>Ehtorakenne</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää yksinkertaista ehtorakennetta ohjelmoinnissa</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan totuusarvoilla</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa ehtoja vertailuoperaattoreiden avulla</li>
@@ -317,4 +317,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;a on pienempi kuin 5&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>True
 a on pienempi kuin 5</p></div></div><p>Voimme käyttää koodissa myös sanoja <code class="language-text">True</code> ja <code class="language-text">False</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi suorittaa <code class="language-text">print</code>-komennon aina, koska ehdon arvona on <code class="language-text">True</code>:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">ehto <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span>
 <span class="token keyword">if</span> ehto<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Tänne tullaan aina&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Tänne tullaan aina</p></div></div><p>Tällainen ohjelma ei ole sinänsä kovin hyödyllinen, mutta myöhemmin kurssilla näemme, mitä hyötyä on totuusarvoista muuttujissa.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-db5009e5-a4b7-5e82-a297-e2cc36b5b3d3"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fvEvSO fVANQe"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 MuiTypography-subtitle1-12" id="quiz-type-label" style="line-height:1.2;opacity:0.8"></div><svg aria-labelledby="ump9xvu-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-csDkEv fzckQW"><title id="ump9xvu-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#ump9xvu-diff)" style="fill:url(#ump9xvu-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="ump9xvu-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="4" ry="20" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="ump9xvu-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" 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+    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Tänne tullaan aina&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Tänne tullaan aina</p></div></div><p>Tällainen ohjelma ei ole sinänsä kovin hyödyllinen, mutta myöhemmin kurssilla näemme, mitä hyötyä on totuusarvoista muuttujissa.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div 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Saat kyselyyn vastaamisesta yhden pisteen:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-6316a9cd-a952-581f-b1c7-93e0cb694faa"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 10</a><h1>Luokkahierarkiat</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan perinnällä</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa luokkia jotka perivät jonkin toisen luokan</li>
 <li>Tiedät miten eri piirteet periytyvät</li>
@@ -393,4 +393,4 @@
 
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bonus<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bonus2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>0.7225
-0.7586250000000001</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Näkyvyysmääreet</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTable-root{width:100%;display:table;border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse}.MuiTable-root caption{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54);padding:16px;font-size:.875rem;text-align:left;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;caption-side:bottom;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTable-stickyHeader{border-collapse:separate}.MuiTableBody-root{display:table-row-group}.MuiTableCell-root{display:table-cell;padding:16px;font-size:.875rem;text-align:left;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;letter-spacing:.01071em;vertical-align:inherit}.MuiTableCell-head{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);font-weight:500;line-height:1.5rem}.MuiTableCell-body{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTableCell-footer{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.3125rem}.MuiTableCell-sizeSmall{padding:6px 24px 6px 16px}.MuiTableCell-sizeSmall:last-child{padding-right:16px}.MuiTableCell-sizeSmall.MuiTableCell-paddingCheckbox{width:24px;padding:0 12px 0 16px}.MuiTableCell-sizeSmall.MuiTableCell-paddingCheckbox:last-child{padding-left:12px;padding-right:16px}.MuiTableCell-sizeSmall.MuiTableCell-paddingCheckbox>*{padding:0}.MuiTableCell-paddingCheckbox{width:48px;padding:0 0 0 4px}.MuiTableCell-paddingCheckbox:last-child{padding-left:0;padding-right:4px}.MuiTableCell-paddingNone{padding:0}.MuiTableCell-paddingNone:last-child{padding:0}.MuiTableCell-alignLeft{text-align:left}.MuiTableCell-alignCenter{text-align:center}.MuiTableCell-alignRight{text-align:right;flex-direction:row-reverse}.MuiTableCell-alignJustify{text-align:justify}.MuiTableCell-stickyHeader{top:0;left:0;z-index:2;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:#fafafa}.MuiTableHead-root{display:table-header-group}.MuiTableRow-root{color:inherit;display:table-row;outline:0;vertical-align:middle}.MuiTableRow-root.MuiTableRow-hover:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.04)}.MuiTableRow-root.Mui-selected,.MuiTableRow-root.Mui-selected:hover{background-color:rgba(244,67,54,.08)}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 10</a><h1>Näkyvyysmääreet</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä eroa on näkyvyysmääreillä yksityinen ja suojattu</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten piirteiden näkyvyys määritetään Pythonissa</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Aikaisemmin mainittiin, että yliluokassa yksityiseksi määritettyihin piirteisiin ei pääse käsiksi aliluokassa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa <code class="language-text">Muistikirja</code>, jossa muistiinpanojen säilyttämiseen käytettävä lista-attribuutti on piilotettu asiakkailta:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">
@@ -321,4 +321,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">if</span> __name__ <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     jp <span class="token operator">=</span> Jalkapalloilija<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;petri pythonen&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;pyttis&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hyökkääjä&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>jp<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-</code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Jalkapalloilija - nimi:Petri Pythonen, lempinimi: Pyttis, pelipaikka: hyökkääjä</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 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256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 10</a><h1>Olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikoita</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tunnet muuttujan self eri käyttötarkoituksia</li>
 <li>Osaat ylikuormittaa operaattoreita omissa luokissa</li>
 <li>Tiedät miten muodostaa iteroitavan luokan</li>
@@ -446,4 +446,4 @@
         <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>kirja<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nimi<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 </code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Elämäni Pythoniassa
 Vanhus ja Java
-C-itsemän veljestä</p></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Laajemman sovelluksen kehittäminen</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 10</a><h1>Laajemman sovelluksen kehittäminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tässä osiossa</p><ul>
 <li>Käydään läpi hieman laajemman sovelluksen tekemiseen liittyviä seikkoja</li>
 <li>Erityinen fokus on sovelluksen eri osa-alueiden (käyttöliittymä, sovelluslogiikka ja tiedostojen käsittely) eriyttämisessä</li>
 <li>Harjoitellaan laajemman sovelluksen toteuttamista itse</li>
@@ -501,4 +501,4 @@
 
 tallennuspalvelu <span class="token operator">=</span> InternetTallennin<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;amazon-cloud&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;mluukkai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;passwrd&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 sovellus <span class="token operator">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-sovellus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>suorita<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten aiemmin todettiin, on tämän kaltaisten tekniikoiden käytöllä oma hintansa: koodia tulee enemmän, ja ohjelmoijan tulee harkita milloin se hinta kannattaa maksaa.</p><p>Tässä esitelty tekniikka (joka kulkee ammattijargonissa nimellä <em>dependency injection</em>), missä oliolle annetaan ulkopuolelta käsin sen tarvitsema <em>riippuvuus</em> (eli käytännössä jokin muu olio) on erittäin tyypillinen kikka ammattimaisessa koodauksessa, muun muassa siksi, että se helpottaa ohjelmistojen laajentamista sekä niiden automatisoitua testaamista. 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+sovellus<span class="token punctuation">.</span>suorita<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten aiemmin todettiin, on tämän kaltaisten tekniikoiden käytöllä oma hintansa: koodia tulee enemmän, ja ohjelmoijan tulee harkita milloin se hinta kannattaa maksaa.</p><p>Tässä esitelty tekniikka (joka kulkee ammattijargonissa nimellä <em>dependency injection</em>), missä oliolle annetaan ulkopuolelta käsin sen tarvitsema <em>riippuvuus</em> (eli käytännössä jokin muu olio) on erittäin tyypillinen kikka ammattimaisessa koodauksessa, muun muassa siksi, että se helpottaa ohjelmistojen laajentamista sekä niiden automatisoitua testaamista. Jatkamme teeman käsittelyä kursseilla <a href="https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ohjelmistotekniikka</a> ja <a href="https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ohjelmistotuotanto</a>.</p><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-adf5276f-057a-5ac0-85b1-024443782145"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPK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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-11/1-koosteet/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 11</a><h1>Koosteet</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan koosteella (comprehension)</li>
 <li>Osaat hyödyntää koosteita uusien listojen muodostamiseen</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Ohjelmointiin liittyy usein erilaisten sekvenssien (eli sarjojen) käsittely. Aikaisemmissa osissa on käytetty runsaasti aikaa merkkijonojen, listojen ja sanakirjojen käsittelyyn eri tavoilla.</p><p>Oletetaan tilanne, jossa meillä on lista kokonaislukuja. Tämän listan perusteella meidän pitäisi luoda vastaava merkkijonolista.</p><p>Perinteinen tapa toteuttaa operaatio näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">luvut <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
@@ -277,4 +277,4 @@
     testilista <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;moi&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;kaikki&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">123.344</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;heipparallaa&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
     pituudet <span class="token operator">=</span> merkkijonojen_pituudet<span class="token punctuation">(</span>testilista<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pituudet<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-</code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[3, -1, -1, 6, -1, 12, -1, -1]</p></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 11</a><h1>Lisää koosteesta</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten koosteita voidaan hyödyntää merkkijonojen kanssa</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää omia olioita koosteissa</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa myös sanakirjakoosteita</li>
@@ -362,4 +362,4 @@
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-</code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>{3: 6, 2: 2, 1: 1, 4: 24, 5: 120, 6: 720}</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-11/3-rekursio"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- 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0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-11/3-rekursio/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPK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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 11</a><h1>Rekursio</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan rekursiolla</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse yksinkertaisen rekursiivisen funktion</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Kuten aiemmin on huomattu, funktiot voivat kutsua toisia funktioita. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">tervehdi</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nimi <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -315,4 +315,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>binaarihaku<span class="token punctuation">(</span>lista<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lista<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>True
 True
 False
-False</p></div></div><p>Tässä funktiolle <code class="language-text">binaarihaku</code> annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. Alussa hakualue on koko lista, jolloin vasen kohta on 0 ja oikea kohta on <code class="language-text">len(lista)-1</code>. Funktio tarkastaa hakualueen keskellä olevan alkion ja joko ilmoittaa, että haluttu alkio löytyi, tai jatkaa hakua vasemmasta tai oikeasta puoliskosta.</p><p>Jos verrataan binäärihakua <em>peräkkäishakuun</em>, algoritmien tehokkuus erottuu selvästi. Peräkkäishaussa alkiota lähdetään etsimään listan alusta ja listaa käydään läpi yksi alkio kerrallaan, kunnes alkio on löytynyt tai on päästy listan loppuun. Jos listan pituus on miljoona alkiota, tarvitaan perättäishaussa koko listan läpikäyntiin miljoona askelta, mutta binäärihaussa askelia tarvitaan vain 20.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-11/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää esimerkkejä</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 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+False</p></div></div><p>Tässä funktiolle <code class="language-text">binaarihaku</code> annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. Alussa hakualue on koko lista, jolloin vasen kohta on 0 ja oikea kohta on <code class="language-text">len(lista)-1</code>. Funktio tarkastaa hakualueen keskellä olevan alkion ja joko ilmoittaa, että haluttu alkio löytyi, tai jatkaa hakua vasemmasta tai oikeasta puoliskosta.</p><p>Jos verrataan binäärihakua <em>peräkkäishakuun</em>, algoritmien tehokkuus erottuu selvästi. Peräkkäishaussa alkiota lähdetään etsimään listan alusta ja listaa käydään läpi yksi alkio kerrallaan, kunnes alkio on löytynyt tai on päästy listan loppuun. Jos listan pituus on miljoona alkiota, tarvitaan perättäishaussa koko listan läpikäyntiin miljoona askelta, mutta binäärihaussa askelia tarvitaan vain 20.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-11/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää esimerkkejä</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 11</a><h1>Lisää esimerkkejä</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tässä osiossa</p><ul>
 <li>Käydään läpi muutamia binääripuuhun liittyviä rekursiivisia esimerkkialgoritmeja</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Rekursion todellinen hyöty tulee esiin tilanteissa, joissa iteratiivinen ratkaisu on hankala kirjoittaa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä <em>binääripuuta</em>. Binääripuulla tarkoitetaan puurakennetta, jossa jokaisella alkiolla on korkeintaan kaksi &quot;lasta&quot;. Binääripuu voisi siis näyttää esim. tältä (huomaa, että vaikka tietojenkäsittelijöitä pidetään joissain yhteyksissä luonnontieteilijöinä, käsityksemme puiden kasvusuunnasta on nurinkurinen):</p><span class="gatsby-resp-image-wrapper" style="position:relative;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:307px;margin-bottom:1rem">
       <a class="gatsby-resp-image-link" href="/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png" style="display:block" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
@@ -291,4 +291,4 @@
         <span class="token keyword">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class="token punctuation">(</span>juuri<span class="token punctuation">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arvo<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
     <span class="token keyword">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class="token punctuation">(</span>juuri<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arvo<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-</code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><h2 class="material-header" id="paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota">Paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota<a href="#paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota" aria-label="paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tässä tehtäväsarjassa ei rekursiota tarvitse eikä edes kannata käyttää. 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 12</a><h1>Funktio parametrina</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat järjestää listoja eri kriteerien mukaan</li>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan lambda-lausekkeella</li>
 <li>Osaat hyödyntää lambda-lauseketta myös muiden Pythonin funktioiden kanssa</li>
@@ -378,4 +378,4 @@
     kopioi_rivit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;eka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;toka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">lambda</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Python&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
     <span class="token comment"># Kopioidaan kaikki rivit, jotka eivät pääty pisteeseen</span>
-    kopioi_rivit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;eka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;toka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">lambda</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">:</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktiossa parametrille <code class="language-text">kriteeri</code> on määritelty oletusarvoksi lambda-lauseke <code class="language-text">lambda x: True</code>, jonka tuottama anonyymi funktio palauttaa arvon <code class="language-text">True</code> kaikille syötteille. Niinpä oletuksena kopioidaan kaikki rivit tiedostosta toiseen. 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+    kopioi_rivit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;eka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;toka.txt&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">lambda</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">:</span> rivi<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktiossa parametrille <code class="language-text">kriteeri</code> on määritelty oletusarvoksi lambda-lauseke <code class="language-text">lambda x: True</code>, jonka tuottama anonyymi funktio palauttaa arvon <code class="language-text">True</code> kaikille syötteille. Niinpä oletuksena kopioidaan kaikki rivit tiedostosta toiseen. 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 12</a><h1>Generaattorit</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan generaattorilla Pythonissa</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä avainsana yield tekee</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse generaattorifunktioita</li>
@@ -251,4 +251,4 @@
 ghi
 hij
 ijk
-jkl</p></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Funktionaalista ohjelmointia</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 12</a><h1>Funktionaalista ohjelmointia</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan funktonaalisella ohjelmoinilla</li>
 <li>Osaat hyödyntää operaatioita map, reduce ja filter omissa ohjelmissasi</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Funktionaalisella ohjelmoinnilla tarkoitetaan <em>ohjelmointiparadigmaa</em>, jossa vältetään tilan muutoksia mahdollisimman pitkälle. Muuttujien sijasta ohjelman suoritus perustuu funktionaalisessa ohjelmoinnissa mahdollisimman pitkälti funktioiden keskinäisiin kutsuihin.</p><p>Aikaisemmin esitetyt lambda-lausekkeet ja listakoosteet ovat esimerkkejä funktionaalisesta ohjelmointityylistä, koska niitä käyttämällä voidaan välttää ohjelman tilan muutokset - esimerkiksi lambda-lausekkeella voimme luoda funktion ilman että viittausta siihen tallennetaan mihinkään.</p><p>Funktionaalinen ohjelmointi on esimerkki ohjelmointiparadigmasta eli ohjelmointityylistä. Muita tyypillisiä ja kurssilla jo aiemmin käsiteltyjä paradigmoja ovat esimerkiksi</p><ul>
@@ -414,4 +414,4 @@
 
 lukujen_summa <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">lambda</span> summa<span class="token punctuation">,</span> alkio<span class="token punctuation">:</span> summa <span class="token operator">+</span> alkio<span class="token punctuation">,</span> lista<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos alkuarvoa ei anneta, toimii listan ensimmäinen luku alkuarvona ja &quot;redusointi&quot; aloitetaan vasta listan toisesta alkiosta.</p><p>Huomaa, että jos käsiteltävän listan alkiot ovat eri tyyppisiä kuin laskettava arvo, on <code class="language-text">reduce</code>-funktion kolmas parametri välttämätön. Jos yrittäisimme olla tili-esimerkissä käyttämättä alkuarvoa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">saldot_yhteensa <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tilit<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi seurauksena virhe</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">TypeError<span class="token punctuation">:</span> unsupported operand <span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&#x27;Pankkitili&#x27;</span> <span class="token keyword">and</span> <span class="token string">&#x27;int&#x27;</span></code></pre></div><p>sillä <code class="language-text">reduce</code>-funktion parametri <code class="language-text">yht_saldo</code> saisi ensimmäisellä kerralla arvokseen listan ensimmäisen pankkitilin ja sen summaaminen pankkitilin saldoon ei olisi mahdollista.</p></div></aside><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-12/4-saannolliset-lausekkeet"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos alkuarvoa ei anneta, toimii listan ensimmäinen luku alkuarvona ja &quot;redusointi&quot; aloitetaan vasta listan toisesta alkiosta.</p><p>Huomaa, että jos käsiteltävän listan alkiot ovat eri tyyppisiä kuin laskettava arvo, on <code class="language-text">reduce</code>-funktion kolmas parametri välttämätön. Jos yrittäisimme olla tili-esimerkissä käyttämättä alkuarvoa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">saldot_yhteensa <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tilit<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi seurauksena virhe</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">TypeError<span class="token punctuation">:</span> unsupported operand <span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&#x27;Pankkitili&#x27;</span> <span class="token keyword">and</span> <span class="token string">&#x27;int&#x27;</span></code></pre></div><p>sillä <code class="language-text">reduce</code>-funktion parametri <code class="language-text">yht_saldo</code> saisi ensimmäisellä kerralla arvokseen listan ensimmäisen pankkitilin ja sen summaaminen pankkitilin saldoon ei olisi mahdollista.</p></div></aside><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-12/4-saannolliset-lausekkeet"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 12</a><h1>Säännölliset lausekkeet</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetan säännöllisellä lausekkeella</li>
 <li>Osaat hyödyntää säännöllisiä lausekkeita omissa ohjelmissasi</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Python on mainio työkalu tekstin käsittelemiseen. Yksi työkalu tekstin käsittelemisessä ovat
@@ -289,4 +289,4 @@
 Anna testijono: <strong>jarmo the hut</strong>
 Ei osumaa.
 Anna testijono: <strong>jabba the smut</strong>
-Ei osumaa.</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><h2 class="material-header" id="loppuhuipennus">Loppuhuipennus<a href="#loppuhuipennus" aria-label="loppuhuipennus permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tämä tehtävä ei sijainnistaan huolimatta liity mitenkään säännöllisiin lausekkeisiin, mutta luvun <a href="/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina">Funktio parametrina</a> asia tulee olemaan tarpeen ja myös <a href="/osa-11/1-koosteet">listakoosteet</a> voivat olla käyttökelpoisia.</p><p>Sovelluksen rakenteelle voi ottaa inspiraatiota osan 10 <a href="/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja">viimeisestä luvusta</a>.</p><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-9d660c41-3094-5bf4-b084-30407dea276d"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 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+Ei osumaa.</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><h2 class="material-header" id="loppuhuipennus">Loppuhuipennus<a href="#loppuhuipennus" aria-label="loppuhuipennus permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tämä tehtävä ei sijainnistaan huolimatta liity mitenkään säännöllisiin lausekkeisiin, mutta luvun <a href="/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina">Funktio parametrina</a> asia tulee olemaan tarpeen ja myös <a href="/osa-11/1-koosteet">listakoosteet</a> voivat olla käyttökelpoisia.</p><p>Sovelluksen rakenteelle voi ottaa inspiraatiota osan 10 <a href="/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja">viimeisestä luvusta</a>.</p><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-9d660c41-3094-5bf4-b084-30407dea276d"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPK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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 13</a><h1>Pygame käyttöön</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Olet asentanut Pygame-kirjaston koneellesi</li>
 <li>Osaat luoda ikkunan ja sulkea ohjelman</li>
 <li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan tiedostossa olevan kuvan</li>
@@ -267,4 +267,4 @@
 naytto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blit<span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 naytto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blit<span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin ikkuna näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src="/a7807afa43ad1cc7d9686968e6838712/pygame_kuva2.gif"/><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan piirtää kuvan ikkunan keskelle:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">leveys <span class="token operator">=</span> robo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_width<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 korkeus <span class="token operator">=</span> robo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_height<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-naytto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blit<span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">320</span><span class="token operator">-</span>leveys<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token operator">-</span>korkeus<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src="/498f521486feca567f74dd51c44e371b/pygame_kuva3.gif"/><p>Tässä metodi <code class="language-text">get_width</code> antaa kuvan leveyden ja vastaavasti metodi <code class="language-text">get_height</code> antaa kuvan korkeuden. Ikkunan keskikohta on <code class="language-text">(320, 240)</code>, joten tämän avulla saadaan laskettua sopiva kohta kuvan vasemmalle yläkulmalle niin, että kuva sijoittuu ikkunan keskelle.</p><aside style="--color:#528afc" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-info" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-info fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM216 336h24V272H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h48c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v88h8c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24zm40-144c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32z"></path></svg>Pygame-tehtävät</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osan tehtävissä ei ole automaattisia testejä, vaan testi antaa pisteet automaattisesti, kun lähetät ratkaisun palvelimelle. Lähetä ratkaisu vasta sitten, kun se on valmis ja vastaa tehtävänannon vaatimuksia. Vaikka tehtävissä ei ole testejä, kurssin henkilökunta näkee lähetetyt ratkaisut. Myös keskeneräisen ratkaisun lähettäminen TMC Pasteen antaa pisteet automaattisesti, joten sitä ei tule käyttää kysyessä apua tämän osan tehtäviin. Voit kurssin tukikanavilla apua kysyessä käyttää <a href="https://pastebin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pastebin.com</a>ia tai jotain muuta internetin pastebin-palvelua.</p><p>Jos lähetät palvelimelle ratkaisun, joka selkeästi ei vastaa tehtävänantoa, voit menettää pisteet tämän osan tehtävistä.</p></div></aside><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-13/2-animaatio"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 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+naytto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blit<span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">320</span><span class="token operator">-</span>leveys<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token operator">-</span>korkeus<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src="/498f521486feca567f74dd51c44e371b/pygame_kuva3.gif"/><p>Tässä metodi <code class="language-text">get_width</code> antaa kuvan leveyden ja vastaavasti metodi <code class="language-text">get_height</code> antaa kuvan korkeuden. Ikkunan keskikohta on <code class="language-text">(320, 240)</code>, joten tämän avulla saadaan laskettua sopiva kohta kuvan vasemmalle yläkulmalle niin, että kuva sijoittuu ikkunan keskelle.</p><aside style="--color:#528afc" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-info" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-info fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM216 336h24V272H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h48c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v88h8c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24zm40-144c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32z"></path></svg>Pygame-tehtävät</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osan tehtävissä ei ole automaattisia testejä, vaan testi antaa pisteet automaattisesti, kun lähetät ratkaisun palvelimelle. Lähetä ratkaisu vasta sitten, kun se on valmis ja vastaa tehtävänannon vaatimuksia. Vaikka tehtävissä ei ole testejä, kurssin henkilökunta näkee lähetetyt ratkaisut. Myös keskeneräisen ratkaisun lähettäminen TMC Pasteen antaa pisteet automaattisesti, joten sitä ei tule käyttää kysyessä apua tämän osan tehtäviin. Voit kurssin tukikanavilla apua kysyessä käyttää <a href="https://pastebin.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pastebin.com</a>ia tai jotain muuta internetin pastebin-palvelua.</p><p>Jos lähetät palvelimelle ratkaisun, joka selkeästi ei vastaa tehtävänantoa, voit menettää pisteet tämän osan tehtävistä.</p></div></aside><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-13/2-animaatio"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-13/2-animaatio/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 13</a><h1>Animaatio</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten voi toteuttaa animaation</li>
 <li>Osaat tahdistaa ohjelman nopeuden kellon avulla</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää trigonometriaa animaatiossa</li>
@@ -258,4 +258,4 @@
 
     kulma <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span>
     kello<span class="token punctuation">.</span>tick<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää tältä:</p><img src="/ce164a1f214ed31343271340f9157733/pygame_pyorinta.gif"/><p>Pyörimisanimaatio saadaan toteutettua trigonometrian avulla: muuttujassa <code class="language-text">kulma</code> on radiaaneina robotin sijainnin kulma suhteessa ikkunan keskipisteeseen. Tästä saadaan laskettua sini- ja kosinifunktioilla robotin sijainti:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">        x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">320</span><span class="token operator">+</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cos<span class="token punctuation">(</span>kulma<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token operator">-</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_width<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span>
-        y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token operator">+</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>kulma<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token operator">-</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_height<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että robotin sijainti on ympyrällä, jonka säde on 100. Kosini antaa x-suuntaisen sijainnin ja sini puolestaan y-suuntaisen sijainnin. Jotta animaatio näyttää hyvältä, robotti lisäksi keskitetään niin, että sen keskipiste on ympyrällä.</p><p>Joka kierroksella muuttujan <code class="language-text">kulma</code> arvo kasvaa 0.01:llä. Koska radiaaneissa täysi ympyrä on 2π eli noin 6.28, robotti pyörii suunnilleen kierroksen verran 10 sekunnissa.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-13/3-tapahtumat"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Tapahtumat</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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+        y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">240</span><span class="token operator">+</span>math<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>kulma<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token operator">-</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_height<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että robotin sijainti on ympyrällä, jonka säde on 100. Kosini antaa x-suuntaisen sijainnin ja sini puolestaan y-suuntaisen sijainnin. Jotta animaatio näyttää hyvältä, robotti lisäksi keskitetään niin, että sen keskipiste on ympyrällä.</p><p>Joka kierroksella muuttujan <code class="language-text">kulma</code> arvo kasvaa 0.01:llä. Koska radiaaneissa täysi ympyrä on 2π eli noin 6.28, robotti pyörii suunnilleen kierroksen verran 10 sekunnissa.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-13/3-tapahtumat"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Tapahtumat</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-13/3-tapahtumat/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 13</a><h1>Tapahtumat</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Olet tutustunut Pygamen tapahtumiin</li>
 <li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee näppäimistön painalluksia</li>
 <li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee hiiren tapahtumia</li>
@@ -347,4 +347,4 @@
     naytto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>blit<span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>robo_x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> robo_y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     pygame<span class="token punctuation">.</span>display<span class="token punctuation">.</span>flip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
-    kello<span class="token punctuation">.</span>tick<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><img src="/cd4d53df2a1564c181f38b7a2d45e7c9/pygame_hiiri2.gif"/><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-13/4-lisaa-tekniikoita"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 13</a><h1>Lisää tekniikoita</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten ikkunan otsikkoa voi muuttaa</li>
 <li>Osaat piirtää kuvioita Pygamessa</li>
 <li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan myös tekstiä</li>
@@ -222,4 +222,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     <span class="token keyword">for</span> tapahtuma <span class="token keyword">in</span> pygame<span class="token punctuation">.</span>event<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
         <span class="token keyword">if</span> tapahtuma<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">type</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> pygame<span class="token punctuation">.</span>QUIT<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-            exit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src="/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif"/><p>Tässä metodi <code class="language-text">pygame.font.SysFont</code> luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi <code class="language-text">render</code> luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti &quot;Moikka!&quot; punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää metodia <code class="language-text">pygame.font.Font</code>, jolle annetaan hakemistossa olevan fonttitiedoston nimi.</p><h2 class="material-header" id="tehtavat">Tehtävät<a href="#tehtavat" aria-label="tehtavat permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä on pari vaikeampaa tehtävää, joiden avulla voit harjoitella lisää tämän luvun asioita.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 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+            exit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src="/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif"/><p>Tässä metodi <code class="language-text">pygame.font.SysFont</code> luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi <code class="language-text">render</code> luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti &quot;Moikka!&quot; punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-14/1-peliprojekti/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Peliprojekti</h1><div><p>Tässä osassa tehdään Pygamen avulla hieman laajempi peli, joka on muunnelma perinteisestä Sokoban-pelistä. Pelaaja ohjaa ruudukossa olevaa robottia, jonka tehtävänä on työntää laatikot oikeille paikoille käyttäen mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>
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iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Peliprojekti</h1><div><p>Tässä osassa tehdään Pygamen avulla hieman laajempi peli, joka on muunnelma perinteisestä Sokoban-pelistä. Pelaaja ohjaa ruudukossa olevaa robottia, jonka tehtävänä on työntää laatikot oikeille paikoille käyttäen mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>
 <p>Lopullinen peli tulee näyttämään tältä:</p>
 <span class="gatsby-resp-image-wrapper" style="position:relative;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:852px;margin-bottom:1rem">
       <a class="gatsby-resp-image-link" href="/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png" style="display:block" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
@@ -408,4 +408,4 @@ <h2 class="material-header" id="pelisilmukka">Pelisilmukka<a href="#pelisilmukka
         pygame<span class="token punctuation">.</span>display<span class="token punctuation">.</span>flip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div>
 <p>Tällä hetkellä ainoa pelin tunnistama tapahtuma on pelin sulkeminen (esimerkiksi pelaaja painaa ikkunassa olevaa raksia). Tässä tilanteessa peli sulkee itsensä kutsumalla <code class="language-text">exit</code>-funktiota.</p>
 <p>Näytön piirtäminen toteutetaan käymällä ruudukon sisältö ja piirtämällä jokaista ruutua vastaava kuva oikeaan paikkaan.</p>
-<p>Huomaa, että koordinaatteja x ja y käytetään eri päin eri tilanteissa. Kaksiulotteisen listan indeksoinnissa on luontevaa antaa ensin y ja sitten x, koska ensimmäinen indeksi tarkoittaa riviä ja toinen indeksi tarkoittaa saraketta. Kuitenkin Pygamen metodeissa annetaan ensin x ja y, kuten grafiikassa on yleensä tapana.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Robotti ja laatikot</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div 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+<p>Huomaa, että koordinaatteja x ja y käytetään eri päin eri tilanteissa. Kaksiulotteisen listan indeksoinnissa on luontevaa antaa ensin y ja sitten x, koska ensimmäinen indeksi tarkoittaa riviä ja toinen indeksi tarkoittaa saraketta. 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Robotti ja laatikot</h1><div><p>Vaikein asia Sokoban-pelin toteutuksessa on saada robotti liikkumaan niin, että se pystyy työntämään laatikoita halutulla tavalla. Pelin pitää tunnistaa, milloin robotti pystyy siirtymään pelaajan haluamaan suuntiin, sekä käsitellä oikein tilanteet, joissa robotti työntää laatikkoa. Nyt on aika tarttua tähän haasteeseen.</p>
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ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Robotti ja laatikot</h1><div><p>Vaikein asia Sokoban-pelin toteutuksessa on saada robotti liikkumaan niin, että se pystyy työntämään laatikoita halutulla tavalla. Pelin pitää tunnistaa, milloin robotti pystyy siirtymään pelaajan haluamaan suuntiin, sekä käsitellä oikein tilanteet, joissa robotti työntää laatikkoa. Nyt on aika tarttua tähän haasteeseen.</p>
 <h2 class="material-header" id="nappaimiston-kasittely">Näppäimistön käsittely<a href="#nappaimiston-kasittely" aria-label="nappaimiston kasittely permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2>
 <p>Pelaaja ohjaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä, joten tapahtumien käsittelyä täytyy laajentaa niin, että se tarkkailee myös näppäimistön tapahtumia:</p>
 <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">    <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -254,4 +254,4 @@ <h2 class="material-header" id="refaktorointia">Refaktorointia?<a href="#refakto
 <p>koska nyt laatikkoa tarkoittava luku 3 vähennetään ruudun luvusta. Tämä toimii, koska tämä muuttaa tavallisen laatikon lattiaksi ja kohderuudussa olevan laatikon kohderuuduksi, mutta asian ymmärtäminen vaatii huolellista perehtymistä ruutujen numerointiin.</p>
 <p>Pelin koodin lukijan työtä voisi helpottaa <em>refaktoroimalla</em> koodia eli muuttamalla koodin rakennetta paremmaksi ja selkeämmäksi. Tässä tapauksessa helppo muutos olisi käyttää lukujen 0–6 sijasta kuvaavampia ruutujen nimiä, mutta tämä ei selittäisi sitä, miksi lukuja voi vähentää ja lisätä ja ruudukko muuttuu oikealla tavalla.</p>
 <p>Pelin koodin saaminen todella helposti luettavaksi vaatisikin luultavasti paljon suurempaa refaktorointia, kuten ruudukon pysyvän rakenteen tallentamista erillään ja robotin ja laatikoiden sijaintien tallentamista omissa tietorakenteissaan. Toisaalta tämän kääntöpuolena olisi, että koodia voisi tulla paljon lisää ja pelin sisäinen toiminta muuttuisi monimutkaisemmaksi.</p>
-<p>Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten <em>Ohjelmistotekniikka</em> ja <em>Ohjelmistotuotanto</em>.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Pelin viimeistely</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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+<p>Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten <em>Ohjelmistotekniikka</em> ja <em>Ohjelmistotuotanto</em>.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Pelin viimeistely</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Pelin viimeistely</h1><div><p>Peli on jo hyvässä vaiheessa, joten nyt voimme alkaa viimeistellä pelin toteutusta. Lisäämme peliin laskurin, joka näyttää siirtojen määrän, mahdollisuuden aloittaa uusi peli ja sulkea peli näppäinkomennoilla sekä ilmoituksen, kun pelaaja onnistuu läpäisemään pelin.</p>
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iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Pelin viimeistely</h1><div><p>Peli on jo hyvässä vaiheessa, joten nyt voimme alkaa viimeistellä pelin toteutusta. Lisäämme peliin laskurin, joka näyttää siirtojen määrän, mahdollisuuden aloittaa uusi peli ja sulkea peli näppäinkomennoilla sekä ilmoituksen, kun pelaaja onnistuu läpäisemään pelin.</p>
 <h2 class="material-header" id="siirtolaskuri">Siirtolaskuri<a href="#siirtolaskuri" aria-label="siirtolaskuri permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2>
 <p>Siirtolaskuri näyttää pelin ikkunan alalaidassa, montako siirtoa pelaaja on tehnyt tähän mennessä. Tämän avulla voi yrittää etsiä ratkaisua, jossa on mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>
 <p>Laskurin tekeminen vaatii joitakin muutoksia koodiin. Muutetaan ensin konstruktoria niin, että ikkunassa on tilaa laskurille ja käytettävissä on fontti tekstin piirtämistä varten:</p>
@@ -248,4 +248,4 @@ <h2 class="material-header" id="peli-githubiin">Peli GitHubiin<a href="#peli-git
 <p>GitHub on hyvä paikka omille ohjelmointiprojekteille: sen avulla projektin koodin ja muut tiedostot saa talteen Git-versionhallintaan ja projektin pystyy helposti jakamaan muille. GitHubia käytetään paljon myöhemmillä tietojenkäsittelytieteen kursseilla.</p>
 <h2 class="material-header" id="montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan">Montako siirtoa tarvitaan?<a href="#montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan" aria-label="montako siirtoa tarvitaan permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2>
 <p>Vaikka pelin ruudukko on melko pieni, peli ei ole helppo. Ensimmäinen haaste on onnistua läpäisemään peli, ja sen jälkeen haasteena on keksiä ratkaisu, jossa siirtojen määrä on mahdollisimman pieni. Kuinka lyhyen ratkaisun onnistut muodostamaan?</p>
-<p>Lyhimmän mahdollisen ratkaisun etsiminen käsin on hyvin vaikeaa, mutta tässäkin voi käyttää apuna ohjelmointia. Kurssilla <em>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit</em>  tutustutaan tekniikoihin, joiden avulla voidaan löytää automaattisesti lyhin mahdollinen ratkaisu peliin.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-14/4-oma-peli"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Oma peli</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div 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+<p>Lyhimmän mahdollisen ratkaisun etsiminen käsin on hyvin vaikeaa, mutta tässäkin voi käyttää apuna ohjelmointia. 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-14"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 14</a><h1>Oma peli</h1><div><h2 class="material-header" id="viikon-tehtava">Viikon tehtävä<a href="#viikon-tehtava" aria-label="viikon tehtava permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2>
 <p>Tämän viikon tehtäväsi on tehdä oma pieni peli Pygamen avulla. Peliä varten tehtäväpohjassa on joukko kuvia, joita voit käyttää pelissä. Älä käytä muita kuvia, jotta muutkin pystyvät kokeilemaan peliä koodin perusteella.</p>
 <p>Saat päättää pelin aiheen itse, ja pelin tulisi olla suunnilleen saman laajuinen kuin tämän viikon esimerkki. Pelin tulisi noudattaa seuraavia vaatimuksia:</p>
 <ul>
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ <h2 class="material-header" id="vertaisarviointi">Vertaisarviointi<a href="#vert
 <li>Miten hyvin peliohjelma on kirjoitettu? Onko pelissä hyödynnetty tarvittavissa kohdin järkevästi funktioita ja luokkia?</li>
 </ul>
 <p>Hyvään arvioon kuuluu yleensä se, että löydät ohjelmasta sekä hyviä puolia että jotain kehitettävää.</p>
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+<div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-a4f0c714-747c-5da9-b2c4-9f101f49be12"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fvEvSO fVANQe"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 MuiTypography-subtitle1-12" id="quiz-type-label" style="line-height:1.2;opacity:0.8"></div><svg aria-labelledby="f5e0uqs-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-csDkEv fzckQW"><title id="f5e0uqs-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#f5e0uqs-diff)" style="fill:url(#f5e0uqs-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="f5e0uqs-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="4" ry="20" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="f5e0uqs-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><div class="sc-fcCDlF YTANc"><div class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-bWOGAC kdUncb MuiTypography-body1-3">:</div><svg aria-labelledby="vqh472e-aria" role="img" height="40" width="100" class="sc-dEVLtI claeMQ"><title id="vqh472e-aria">Loading...</title><rect role="presentation" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" clip-path="url(#vqh472e-diff)" style="fill:url(#vqh472e-animated-diff)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="vqh472e-diff"><rect x="0" y="10" rx="25" ry="25" width="100" height="30"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="vqh472e-animated-diff"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#dddddd" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ffffff" stop-opacity="0.6"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div></div><div class="sc-evzXkX bwkoKs"><p class="MuiTypography-root-1 sc-fHSyak bXAqKg MuiTypography-subtitle1-12">Log in to view the quiz</p></div></div></div></div>
 <h2 class="material-header" id="loppukysely">Loppukysely<a href="#loppukysely" aria-label="loppukysely permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2>
 <p>Vastaa ensin osion loppukyselyyn...</p>
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 <p>...ja sitten vielä koko kurssin loppukyselyyn:</p>
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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 2</a><h1>Ohjelmoinnin termejä</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 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 <li>Tunnet keskeistä ohjelmoinnin termistöä</li>
 <li>Tiedät lauseen ja lausekkeen eron</li>
 <li>Osaat selvittää lausekkeen arvon tyypin</li>
@@ -332,4 +332,4 @@
 Palkka 276.0 euroa</p></div></div><p>Koska <code class="language-text">tuntipalkka = 23.0</code> ja <code class="language-text">tunnit = 12</code>, vaikuttaa muuttujassa <code class="language-text">palkka</code> olevan oikea arvo aluksi, mutta kasvatuskomento ei kuitenkaan kasvata muuttujan arvoa. Komento on siis mitä ilmeisimmin virheellinen. Ja toden totta, komento</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">palkka <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span></code></pre></div><p>ainoastaan laskee tuplapalkan mutta ei tee tulokselle mitään. Korjataan komento muotoon, joka tallentaa korotetun palkan muuttujaan <code class="language-text">palkka</code>:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">palkka <span class="token operator">*=</span> <span class="token number">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan nyt, huomataan että lopputuloskin on oikea:</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>ehto:  True
 palkka alussa: 276.0
 palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen: 552.0
-Palkka 552.0 euroa</p></div></div><p>Kun ohjelma on kunnossa, tulee debuggaustulosteet ja muu debuggauksen takia kirjoitettu ylimääräinen koodi poistaa.</p><p>Esimerkki oli yksinkertainen ja näin lyhyessä ohjelmassa oleva bugi selviäisi varmasti myös koodia lukemalla. Monesti kuitenkin debug-tulostuksilla pääsee huomattavasti nopeammin jyvälle siitä, missä vika piilee. Tulostamalla voidaan usein varmistua siitä, mitkä osat ohjelmasta toimivat &quot;varmuudella&quot; oikein, ja bugien jäljitys voidaan nopeasti kohdistaa niihin koodiriveihin, joissa ongelma todennäköisesti piileskelee.</p><p>Debuggaukseen on olemassa muitakin keinoja kuin debug-tulostusten tekeminen. Palaamme asiaan myöhemmin kurssilla. Sinun kannattaa tästä lähtien kurssilla käyttää debug-tulostamista virheiden etsimiseen. Ohjelmoinnin ammattilaiset eivät selviä työstään ilman debug-tulostuksia, joten on vaikea kuvitella, ettei aloittelijoidenkin kannattaisi laajentaa työkalupakkiaan tältä osin.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" 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+Palkka 552.0 euroa</p></div></div><p>Kun ohjelma on kunnossa, tulee debuggaustulosteet ja muu debuggauksen takia kirjoitettu ylimääräinen koodi poistaa.</p><p>Esimerkki oli yksinkertainen ja näin lyhyessä ohjelmassa oleva bugi selviäisi varmasti myös koodia lukemalla. Monesti kuitenkin debug-tulostuksilla pääsee huomattavasti nopeammin jyvälle siitä, missä vika piilee. Tulostamalla voidaan usein varmistua siitä, mitkä osat ohjelmasta toimivat &quot;varmuudella&quot; oikein, ja bugien jäljitys voidaan nopeasti kohdistaa niihin koodiriveihin, joissa ongelma todennäköisesti piileskelee.</p><p>Debuggaukseen on olemassa muitakin keinoja kuin debug-tulostusten tekeminen. Palaamme asiaan myöhemmin kurssilla. Sinun kannattaa tästä lähtien kurssilla käyttää debug-tulostamista virheiden etsimiseen. 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 2</a><h1>Lisää ehtolauseita</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat luoda vaihtoehtoisia haaroja toistolauseisiin</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät <code class="language-text">if</code>-, <code class="language-text">elif</code>- ja <code class="language-text">else</code>-lauseiden merkityksen ehtolauseessa</li>
 <li>Osaat soveltaa jakojäännöstä <code class="language-text">%</code> ehdoissa</li>
@@ -282,4 +282,4 @@
 Nyt on joulupäivä
 Kiitos ja hei.</p></div></div><p>Huomaa, että ehtolauseessa ei edellisessä esimerkissä ole ollenkaan else-haaraa. Jos käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sellaisen päivämäärän, joka ei täytä ehtoa jossain <code class="language-text">if</code>- tai <code class="language-text">elif</code>-lauseessa, ohjelmassa ei suoriteta mitään ehtolauseen kolmesta lohkosta.</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Joulukalenteri
 Mikä päivä nyt on? <strong>1.1.</strong>
-Kiitos ja hei.</p></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root 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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-2"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 2</a><h1>Ehtojen yhdistäminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää <code class="language-text">and</code>-, <code class="language-text">or</code>- ja <code class="language-text">not</code>-operaattoreita ehdoissa</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita</li>
 </ul></div></aside><h2 class="material-header" id="loogiset-operaattorit">Loogiset operaattorit<a href="#loogiset-operaattorit" aria-label="loogiset operaattorit permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtojen yhdistämisessä voidaan käyttää loogisia operaattoreita <code class="language-text">and</code> ja <code class="language-text">or</code>.
@@ -318,4 +318,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">elif</span> luku <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token keyword">and</span> luku <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Luku on pariton&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Luku on negatiivinen.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tilanteesta riippuu, kumpaa tapaa kannattaa käyttää. Tässä esimerkissä ensimmäinen vaihtoehto tuntuu useimpien mielestä paremmalta.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div 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+    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Luku on negatiivinen.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tilanteesta riippuu, kumpaa tapaa kannattaa käyttää. 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-2"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 2</a><h1>Yksinkertainen silmukka</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä silmukka tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää <code class="language-text">while True</code> -silmukkaa osana ohjelmaasi</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten toisto voidaan katkaista <code class="language-text">break</code>-komennolla</li>
@@ -356,4 +356,4 @@
     yritykset <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
     tunnukset <span class="token operator">+=</span> tunnus <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span>
     <span class="token comment"># ...</span></code></pre></div><p>Apumuuttuja saa aluksi arvokseen <em>tyhjän merkkijonon</em> eli merkkijonon, jossa ei ole yhtään merkkiä:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">tunnukset <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span></code></pre></div><p>Silmukan sisällä merkkijonoa kasvatetaan lisäämällä siihen aina silmukassa syötetty tunnus ja pilkku:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">    tunnus <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Anna PIN-koodi: &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-    tunnukset <span class="token operator">+=</span> tunnus <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">&quot;, &quot;</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos käyttäjä syöttäisi tunnukset <em>1111 2222 1234</em> olisi muuttujan <code class="language-text">tunnukset</code> arvo lopulta</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>1111, 2222, 1234,</p></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 3</a><h1>Ehdot silmukoissa</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat tehdä while-silmukan, jonka alkurivillä on ehto</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mikä merkitys alustuksella, ehdolla ja muutoksella on silmukassa</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää erilaisia ehtoja silmukoissa</li>
@@ -314,4 +314,4 @@
 lausunto <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;kurssilta </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>kurssi<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> &quot;</span></span>
 lausunto <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;arvosanan </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>arvosana<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&quot;</span></span>
 
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lausunto<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4</p></div></div><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä.</p><p>Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa...</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lausunto<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4</p></div></div><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä.</p><p>Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa...</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 3</a><h1>Merkkijonojen käsittely</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää operaattoreita <code class="language-text">+</code> ja <code class="language-text">*</code> merkkijonojen kanssa</li>
 <li>Osaat laskea merkkijonon pituuden</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon indeksointi</li>
@@ -364,4 +364,4 @@
 Ei löytynyt
 Mitä etsit? <strong>ippu</strong>
 Löytyi kohdasta 2
-...</p></div></div><aside style="--color:#528afc" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-info" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-info fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM216 336h24V272H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h48c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v88h8c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H216c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24zm40-144c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32z"></path></svg>Metodi</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Merkkijonon sisältä merkkijonoa etsivä <code class="language-text">find</code> on siis <em>metodi</em>. Metodit ovat sukua jo meille tutuille asioille eli <em>funktioille</em>. Metodit ovatkin eräänlaisia funktioita, mutta niiden suorittama operaatio kohdistuu siihen <em>olioon</em>, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan, eli joka esiintyy metodikutsun alussa ennen metodin nimeä. Metodin <code class="language-text">find</code> tapauksessa oliona on merkkijono, jonka osajonoa etsitään.</p></div></aside><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div 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Metodit ovatkin eräänlaisia funktioita, mutta niiden suorittama operaatio kohdistuu siihen <em>olioon</em>, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan, eli joka esiintyy metodikutsun alussa ennen metodin nimeä. 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 3</a><h1>Lisää silmukoista</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 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 <li>Ymmärrät milloin <code class="language-text">break</code>-komentoa tarvitaan silmukan keskeyttämiseen</li>
 <li>Osaat siirtyä silmukan seuraavalle kierrokselle <code class="language-text">continue</code>-komennolla</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät sisäkkäisen silmukan toiminnan</li>
@@ -336,4 +336,4 @@
 0 1 2 3
 0 1 2
 0 1
-0</p></div></div><p>Nyt sisemmässä silmukassa on käytössä apumuuttuja <code class="language-text">i</code>, jonka arvo on aina sisempään silmukkaan mentäessä 0. Muuttujan <code class="language-text">i</code> arvo kasvaa yhden välein, kunnes se on yhtä suuri kuin muuttujan <code class="language-text">luku</code> nykyinen arvo, joka taas vähenee ulomman silmukan vuoksi kohti nollaa.</p><p>Sisempi silmukka tulostaa apumuuttujan <code class="language-text">i</code> arvot välilyönnillä eroteltuna samalle riville. Kun sisempi silmukka päättyy, tulostetaan aina rivinvaihto komennolla <code class="language-text">print</code>.</p><p>Jos et ole täysin varma, että ymmärrät esimerkkikoodin toiminnan, kokeile kopioida koodi Python Tutorin <a href="http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">visualisaattoriin</a> ja tarkastele, mitä ohjelma tulostaa ja miten muuttujien arvot vaihtuvat koodin edetessä.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root 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+0</p></div></div><p>Nyt sisemmässä silmukassa on käytössä apumuuttuja <code class="language-text">i</code>, jonka arvo on aina sisempään silmukkaan mentäessä 0. Muuttujan <code class="language-text">i</code> arvo kasvaa yhden välein, kunnes se on yhtä suuri kuin muuttujan <code class="language-text">luku</code> nykyinen arvo, joka taas vähenee ulomman silmukan vuoksi kohti nollaa.</p><p>Sisempi silmukka tulostaa apumuuttujan <code class="language-text">i</code> arvot välilyönnillä eroteltuna samalle riville. Kun sisempi silmukka päättyy, tulostetaan aina rivinvaihto komennolla <code class="language-text">print</code>.</p><p>Jos et ole täysin varma, että ymmärrät esimerkkikoodin toiminnan, kokeile kopioida koodi Python Tutorin <a href="http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">visualisaattoriin</a> ja tarkastele, mitä ohjelma tulostaa ja miten muuttujien arvot vaihtuvat koodin edetessä.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-3"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 3</a><h1>Omat funktiot</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat luoda oman funktion ja kutsua sitä</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät, mikä on funktion parametri</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää parametreja omissa funktioissa</li>
@@ -274,4 +274,4 @@
 
 tervehdi<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Antti&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 tervehdi<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Emilia&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Hei Emilia
-Hei Emilia</p></div></div><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa olevan nimen <em>Emilia</em>.</p><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 hvpcLh"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/68272a89a1b042e3903e12a3152da1808a184a36-84221f4700e826eedf47.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/1d66764951084db883db07dda20028756fc8a649-7b1f1c531c96d37b6cc4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/cc84befe9f3b078651796bc41bb16359c6cbd2f0-fcc42655014d72eeb49b.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/component---src-templates-course-content-template-js-1bcad4f1823dc6d4d917.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/osa-4/1-vscode/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/1357757885.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/sq/d/994120085.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="/page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"> <div class="Layout__Wrapper-h1dut3-0"><div><div class="Sidebar__MenuExpanderWrapper-ufe7yk-5 jmrHZK"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 4</a><h1>Visual Studio Code -editori, Python-tulkki ja debuggeri</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää Visual studio Code -editoria kurssin tehtävien tekemiseen</li>
 <li>Osaat suorittaa koodia interaktiivisen Python-tulkin avulla</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Olemme tähän mennessä ohjelmoineet kaikki tehtävät kurssisivuille upotettuihin editori-ikkunoihin. Selaineditorissa tapahtuva ohjelmointi sopii hyvin kurssin alkuun, mutta siirrymme nyt käyttämään erillistä ohjelmointiin tarkoitettua editoria.</p><p>Erilaisia ohjelmointiin sopivia editoreja on kymmeniä. Käytämme kurssilla viime vuosina suureen suosioon noussutta <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Visual Studio Code</a> -editoria.</p><p>Asenna nyt Visual Studio Code ja kurssin tehtävien testien suorittamiseen käytettävä TMC-plugin <a href="https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">tämän ohjeen</a> avulla. Valitse TMC-pluginissa organisaatioksi <strong>MOOC</strong> ja kurssiksi <strong>Ohjelmoinnin MOOC 2023</strong>.</p><div>Loading</div><h2 class="material-header" id="koodin-suorittaminen">Koodin suorittaminen<a href="#koodin-suorittaminen" aria-label="koodin suorittaminen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Visual Studio Codessa koodi suoritetaan painamalla vihreää kolmiota. Joskus koodisi suoritus voi jäädä kesken, esimerkiksi odottamaan käyttäjän syötettä tai ikuiseen silmukkaan, vaikka siirryt jo seuraavaan tehtävään. Kun yrität suorittaa seuraavan tehtävän koodia, esille tuleekin edellisen tehtävän kesken ollut suoritus. Näissä tilanteissa voit joutua sammuttamaan edellisen suorituksen painamalla yhtä aikaa näppäimiä <em>Control</em>+<em>C</em>, jotta saat suoritetuksi uuden tehtävän koodin.</p><h2 class="material-header" id="interaktiivinen-python-tulkki">Interaktiivinen Python-tulkki<a href="#interaktiivinen-python-tulkki" aria-label="interaktiivinen python tulkki permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Emme ole toistaiseksi puhuneet kurssilla sanallakaan eräästä Python-ohjelmoinnin tärkeimmästä työkalusta, interaktiivisesta komentotulkista.</p><p>Komentotulkki käynnistyy antamalla komentoriviltä komento <code class="language-text">python3</code> (joissain tapauksissa, esim. Windowsilla, komento saattaa olla <code class="language-text">python</code>). Esim. Macilla komentotulkin avaaminen näyttää seuraavalta:</p><span class="gatsby-resp-image-wrapper" style="position:relative;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:920px;margin-bottom:1rem">
@@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
           <img class="gatsby-resp-image-image" src="/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png" alt="4 1 9" title="4 1 9" loading="lazy" decoding="async" style="width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0"/>
         </picture>
   </a>
-    </span><p>Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla (<em>Continue</em>) ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin.</p><p>Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää funktioista</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div 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+    </span><p>Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla (<em>Continue</em>) ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin.</p><p>Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa.</p></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää funktioista</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div 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src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASwAAAB4CAYAAABIFc8gAAAHkHpUWHRSYXcgcHJvZmlsZSB0eXBlIGV4aWYAAHja1ZdrkuwqDoT/s4pZAiCEYDk8I2YHs/z55KrTfd5x5t77Z6qibRdtA8pMpeRw/vPvG/7FJ+dSQ1Frtdca+ZReeh5ctPj6vM4pluf4fPJ6X6Vvx4N9eSgzJJzl9bOe1zkNxvXzASvv8fnteLD1nqe9J3r/48uE4itnLt73tfdEkl/j6f079Pdzo3wVzvvvrvz8W+frX9//LgYYW5lPcshHkkSOzVcRdiBNBsf8HM1vEnmuI8co7efYhY/L78B7wf8jdnG875BvoQjxywP1O4ze40l/jt2D0Nc7Sl8u87f/GDda/PrzNXZ3t3vPK7pRKkjV8A4qvqd4rrgROIs8j1W+xp9ybc+3822EuGBsw+bku0LqKYPjTSXtNNJN5zmvtNhiyScDd855ZXnGGvD3vB5Sin/TzSZddoCjLAvWhOH8sZf0rNuf9VZqrLwTd+bEZM7oD9/ws8G/8v2Y6F6XbkoOZq0PVuwru6bZhjPnR+6CkHTfmOqD7/MNH7R+fpxYgUF9YG4EOOJ8TTE1fWpLHp6F+zSWEF+pkWy/JwAi1lY2kwQGYk2iqaZoOVtK4NjgZ7DzLCVPGEiqeadw4UakQk7LvjbPWHruzZpfw1gLRKhUMajpMiCrFEU/VhoaGipagqpWNW3adVSppWqt1ap71DCxYmrVzJp1G01aadpqs9Zab6PnLliY9tot9NZ7H4NFB1MPnh7cMcbMU2aZOuu02WafYyGfVZauumy11dfYecsm/XfdFnbbfY+TDlI65eipx047/YyL1q7ccvXWa7fdfscHa29Wv2Utfcfc71lLb9acsfLcZ5+sMWz2ZYrkdqLOGYzlkmDcnAEEnZ2z2FIp2ZlzzmJ3u9IMa0mdnJ2cMRgsJ2W96YO7T+Z+y1vQ8j/xln/FXHDq/gnmglP3Zu5H3n7C2h5PRZGHIM9CxzTKxdi44bSR2/Ca9JfP4e9O8MNERrhpwsECyyQz97o62tnipXP1NFefs8J15b4+a1sn2ui3jrql51AM7GepB+zQTNZCiaO+Feyg5WJHyv6TPYW/H9RzphwhTku+w5ls7dquoVVty/KyujZaTGus1Lu0gwKruCRjPNGvG2Z0fCIN5IJubaNREE8ZncjvtIRc1fsDDr8/a3M49whp7lZ1gmMFQis1rhtblzWvAKZ3Nz3K6etuGVttOPYbEK3r3pW9b0XQMSBYqtUtqWdgPgOaDopPZ5/UUOsB8HZlDjfUOcrqR4zampYVypTsS3a2ceiPBjnQmqzW9K6z553LdHEAi9vLretitN5UEQ4/O5mX7FqedddJnZxCGcBqE2pYODf6jrsQeKpWrsfNT3w837wXE1B+rc9EkHnumwBE+jnC3tDacbCLl/ZuturtbllUirjdxvZyjkgi/GS1Q2kmu4bdThns6Zjv95RWdz81IMtp5g+sO45M9X4LcQwF+97Pzdgw+TxQhXVI1QGEi3Bsl37K9h7WuoQ9y6kR3Ve0xNxxYCWRNCFVXOM0BVtkpUwMTONlkbtP3Utnai0Cb63XWz/tco0MO2tdL8V9tQTz52p8K0ZlYcQoIR2do629EtYYzUMFd8WeawmmXhf3uWAwHqx/Lb4ykXo9k1m3MTS925HZMz1qoO8BGcG4I2wjsPRniv6Y3CVQ3LN3sbSuxVkvheP2gYNnmjEbiDqXjc9DgI45rO2xxyoZOYrwClDcv2cldliTvngcSCn951yEY5e26lKSNt5dbpyQp5HWTS2PQa72PSdvBnvRuJGfUCLtBkLR+hhCv2lVnLvkqhSuMScN5ELslsnylraRfg1VslXi97pmVI512pJmIQ46RIa82bms0ZZ3n/FMNEK/dSiM25tkl8Zcm9o2RXG7VD3LessYDLVKA3I8mjaVJR+b1XamuCWq3NxTz0Blk5jSndQlih1vBRS7C1esigW3FZUWaZ3gTenNiCM+4Z2aaarGQpVotPpLF6V90gFScKdrjGfT4yKkv5Bwbw6Di+OSJ3uveVQn6ZmxecXec2SfngFgSbSUArwoZ9jj+dqesKVTKnCdEUochs0CUWHR4b31pAmZ6bInVuHtsCAUeoO1595U586Oj9TkziSe19HkHKoIZYf9KyVWl1521gEFU8B3ejy6yfvSveq7Ocbxi3P4HCDf6S30GAE2GorcyBrSHrI8fQ9N9Dzi+TgulDzwoU68qBQcEmKmNl8vtXN4S4jLM7KgFdnNu5gdsfeVqCf4FMQQOWZ0BGNyS+3zQTs8KQMNYCywgwtVwmNxeKaURkiOTix9FPlDsiw9sJXbgdOFkyM9OisEiUPkSYeC9+MPywXJGxbNi3mOlR5T6/VkhNgK5pZoRVajgrdSq2K7/tZLCxgaBgK93qnBeXUrq5RyOqKCZ+1y16YTIKkWJWbwMrQx7xeq3Q1d2oDSvAK9VOa9TRHhIie625SlQ1p7MWNn+traYxs/O5M8q54WFP/cGCg+ktktEtuk1FFxb22E5uHilkJZ9wQfnuCedW0eViZ3BC/fJ2C41zsuw4g3WGHGlT50XfylvqL4o14ijH+o0/q/mYjulQQM/wUmLEwYKAgaAAAAAAZiS0dEAP8A/wD/oL2nkwAAAAlwSFlzAAAuIwAALiMBeKU/dgAAAAd0SU1FB+IMERUKCFTUzPEAABsjSURBVHja7Z15mB1F1Yffm4UZkhhIwMQkJIQlskSEAIKyRNaAIjsYQAERUQQJbhDADwURUOBDERQVBMWwh1X4xCSCEHYCCcgiOwkBJCRMErKRTKa/P+pXdk3R3ffOZCZzZ+55n6efmdvdt29VdfXpc06dOgWGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGYRiGUU2UaqiuhwE/rOC8W4HzrGsYRvXRo4bqOhDYpoLznrRuYRjVSTdrAsMwTGAZhmGYwDIMwwSWYRiGCSzDMAwTWIZhmMAyDMMwgWUYhrFK1FKk+wBgaAXnzQVmWtcwDMMwDMMwDMMwDMMwDMMwDMMwDMMwjI6mVOP1/wQwVu3wIfA68AbwIpBY9zAMo2pIkgQJrKUSUH5bAPwVOBZYy1rKMIxqYh9gRSS0/LYY+C0wzJrJMDqW7p2knHXASGBbYDNgsMq+sI1Mt5eBnsDnM471BD4DHA+sATwCrLSuYxhGbK7tBdwhLSdL+1kA3AUcCdSv4k/2wk3LScpszwCb2h0yDCNkbeBECazGCgTJf4Bvr6LWeEUFv5NIsxtjt8gwjCw2Bv5RoTB5DPhkK3/n2xX+RgIsAw62W2MYRhbdgT9XKEw+wI3+tZRxLRBYCS4UwjQtwzAy6QHcX6EwaQJ+0UIT8aYWCqwEaAA2tFtjGEYWG8kcq1SgTMYtotrW1w23B7EgXMNYLWbW6qAOt+ryHsD2wNbA5tKY5kobqpQGYF3gsxWevyFwFDAH+BfZYRADcYGiQ1pZv2HALGC6dSnD6Lz0AS7FhR8UmVRXAZ9uwXUH4/xHLdWE/g2cAeyGc8xvB5wmYZas4vaGBLBhGJ2YnsCuwOU4Z3iRz+lqYJ0Kr3tdGwiZtt4Os9ttGO1HS/0ug4ADcBHnI2RSNgAvAI8CkySU8lgHOBf4VsE5bwKH4sITitgJmFpl7fk34Iud5N6vDRwHLAF+E+z/DrAm8EdcDvysUdAPgV/jRlXrcPFr88MTkiShVCrtDeyiXY8Dd+Ji6sbKjP4rsAg4HHgnSZIJpdJ/u+Q+chtMCUztnsCBuJkHJeA54GZdY6heGO8C1wBfVX+9iTRHfz/gG8D7qp9ne2A0MD9JkiuCMuwA7Ai8jZu6tT5wO25mROhW+b7+v5h0FsRmqufHcTGCNwTf21j18CwCHk2SZLp+25f9Zmnuw4AjcOsSzAImqv55L8jXgFt0Hw8HtlK5HgJuo0ZmahxQRkPy8+6u1A3JRBHsx5W5zpLohuZd55kq07AaJQg6AxuSBtyGePN4U+CbBWY8ElIJbsAivjeXZnzvX3qIfEzdl/Xi8Rr2nsFl/qL9J+jz+qQ+yHCbjZugvos+T9P5j+rzP4IX88ba90JU5/XU5xIJKWTev6R9X9fLOMnol3VBWeq0bxwfDXZervYE2D+nXa9U2/myj5EwXRSdtxS4qKAf3qX2ejHj2FRqaEJ/HfAFvWWKHtzlwHnkTJfRTbm+zDVWqEMX8ZUqNAsP6oIC6wH977evFQksYAMJoEXA0Xrgn8aFmZAjsBJcep+PZQisEvCEPr8sDf1Y3LzO83R+nsBKAkGRJ7BQ2RLgH+qfX9PnZ6VFVSqwdlbdmyRU9iOdQdGIG3zaP6jLN4HzSTOG7B8JrLv1/1VSGq6UBrUlMF7bWzrnd/p8qDTaBJghTew4aYqJ2rbm+LzU1aKHdxr5WQ4OquDhLye0ugH/rDKBdXEXFFi/z7lGnsDyQuit4G1eJ5OuSGAlwGUZAmvvQLMbFPxOD9KR7iKBtUD9sEhg9ZOpmAC7S5gkwJd0vFKB5V/ml0bn3aj9fw4EVujS+I32XRQJrKf1/xHBuX2ia0/XOaP1eXRQ73Uj09cLzoGdUeisykKq96sB/lVwzjbAw8AmOc74cvQArg3e6DFNupGzqqhNP9fJ+kAf4Oxg651xzrbROduXueYzEmaDZZacKcG1ouA7cwMBFWfN8A/i7cA7Ei6jAx9T0XqTc4C+ErpFPtuGQFu7ScJtapIkd7Xy/k+I9l8X+MWyWEN/G6P9D+rvNfJp7ZQkyaIyZdhOfyerXT2PSTvrXsE97LIMlCpfpHW8FTSiF1b3tUBraQJ+UiBgh+f4NzpiW0LnCG/YsEw9inxY3ymjYSHT6NXgO4uCF0+WhvWAHPneVLolEGCX6f8L9f0xUXlOLdCwjgl8QOcWaFjIhTEruG74UFeqYfnfiuezjtL+dwIN6zU57C8jzce2a6Rh9Zawawp+5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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 4</a><h1>Lisää funktioista</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät lisää funktion parametrien käyttämisestä</li>
 <li>Osaat palauttaa arvon funktiosta ja käyttää sitä kutsukohdassa</li>
 <li>Osaat merkitä tyyppivihjeet parametreille ja paluuarvolle</li>
@@ -352,4 +352,4 @@
         <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>viesti<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
         kerrat <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että parametrin <code class="language-text">viesti</code> on tarkoitus olla merkkijono, kun taas parametrin <code class="language-text">kerrat</code> on tarkoitus olla kokonaisluku.</p><p>Vastaavasti funktion paluuarvon tyypin voi vihjata funktion määrittelyssä:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">kysy_nimi</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     nimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">input</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Mikä on nimesi? &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-    <span class="token keyword">return</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono.</p><p>Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. 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+    <span class="token keyword">return</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono.</p><p>Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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 <li>Tiedät, mitä lista tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>
 <li>Osaat viitata listan yksittäisiin alkioihin</li>
 <li>Osaat lisätä ja poistaa listan alkioita</li>
@@ -389,4 +389,4 @@
 painot <span class="token operator">=</span> lue_luvut<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Pituudet:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-pituudet <span class="token operator">=</span> lue_luvut<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><h2 class="material-header" id="lisaa-listan-kasittelysta">Lisää listan käsittelystä<a href="#lisaa-listan-kasittelysta" aria-label="lisaa listan kasittelysta permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on paljon muitakin mahdollisuuksia listan käsittelyyn. 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 4</a><h1>Silmukat ja iterointi</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan iteroinnilla</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten <code class="language-text">for</code>-silmukka toimii</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää <code class="language-text">for</code>-silmukkaa listojen ja merkkijonojen läpikäyntiin</li>
@@ -272,4 +272,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">if</span> alkio parempi kuin paras<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
         paras <span class="token operator">=</span> alkio
 
-<span class="token comment"># paras on nyt tiedossa!</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin yksityiskohdat riippuvat siitä minkä tyyppisiä alkioita listalla on ja mikä parhauden/huonouden vertailukriteeri on käytössä. Joissain tilanteissa myös apumuuttujia saatetaan tarvita useampia.</p><p>Harjoitellaan hieman tämän ratkaisumenetelmän käyttöä.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-35160dc1-19b5-51e4-b779-5299765ff2f2"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 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+<span class="token comment"># paras on nyt tiedossa!</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin yksityiskohdat riippuvat siitä minkä tyyppisiä alkioita listalla on ja mikä parhauden/huonouden vertailukriteeri on käytössä. 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 4</a><h1>Tulostuksen muotoilu</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten <code class="language-text">print</code>-komennon tulostusta saa muokattua parametrien avulla</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää f-merkkijonoja tulosteen muotoilussa</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Olemme tähän mennessä yhdistelleet tulostettavaa tietoa <code class="language-text">print</code>-komennossa kolmella eri tavalla.</p><p>Ensimmäinen tapa on käyttää merkkijonojen <code class="language-text">+</code>-operaattoria ja muodostaa näin yksittäinen merkkijono, jonka print saa parametrikseen:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">nimi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Erkki&quot;</span>
@@ -227,4 +227,4 @@
 ika <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">59</span>
 kaupunki <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Lappeenranta&quot;</span>
 tervehdys <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Hei </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>nimi<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, olet </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>ika<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">-vuotias&quot;</span></span>
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tervehdys <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;, asuinpaikkasi on </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>kaupunki<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Hei Pekka, olet 59-vuotias, asuinpaikkasi on Lappeenranta</p></div></div><p>F-merkkijonon voi ajatella olevan eräänlainen funktio, joka tuottaa normaalin merkkijonon aaltosuluissa olevien &quot;parametrien&quot; perusteella.</p><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="CourseContentTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-1m06ow0-1 hynUSf"><a class="CourseContentTemplate__UpLink-sc-1m06ow0-2 eztFmB" href="/osa-4"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 4</a><h1>Lisää merkkijonoista ja listoista</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tunnet lisää tapoja erottaa osia merkkijonosta tai listasta</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon muuttumattomuus</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää metodeita <code class="language-text">count</code> ja <code class="language-text">replace</code></li>
@@ -338,4 +338,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token comment"># ohjelman käynnistys</span>
-main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-1dbc837b-d925-5f7f-b248-5bf90a09540c"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 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MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-9b354cf1-f413-5ec3-befd-992039b09100"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div><div class="sc-fvEvSO fVANQe"><div class="MuiTypography-root-31 MuiTypography-subtitle1-42" id="quiz-type-label" 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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22px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-fullWidth{width:100%}.MuiButton-startIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px}.MuiButton-startIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-left:-2px}.MuiButton-endIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-4px}.MuiButton-endIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-right:-2px}.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall>:first-child{font-size:18px}.MuiButton-iconSizeMedium>:first-child{font-size:20px}.MuiButton-iconSizeLarge>:first-child{font-size:22px}.MuiDivider-root{border:none;height:1px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiDivider-absolute{left:0;width:100%;bottom:0;position:absolute}.MuiDivider-inset{margin-left:72px}.MuiDivider-light{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}.MuiDivider-middle{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px}.MuiDivider-vertical{width:1px;height:100%}.MuiDivider-flexItem{height:auto;align-self:stretch}.MuiPaper-root{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);transition:box-shadow .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1) 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPKigdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 5</a><h1>Lisää listoista</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat luoda listoja, joissa on erityyppistä tietoa</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten listoja voi käyttää tiedon ryhmittelyyn</li>
 <li>Osaat tallentaa matriisin kaksiulotteisena listana</li>
@@ -443,4 +443,4 @@
  _ _ 7 8 _ 3 9 _ _
  _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3
  3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2
-</code></pre></div><p>Vastaavalla tavalla on mahdollista kuvata moni tuttu peli (esim. shakki, miinaharava, laivan upotus, mastermind, ...) matriisina. Pelistä riippuu, mikä on sopiva tapa &quot;koodata&quot; pelin tilanne matriisiin.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-ee5b8fc7-11bd-532a-8462-2f19587db240"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 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(hover:none){.MuiButton-containedSecondary:hover{background-color:#f44336}}.MuiButton-disableElevation{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:hover{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:active{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-colorInherit{color:inherit;border-color:currentColor}.MuiButton-textSizeSmall{padding:4px 5px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-textSizeLarge{padding:8px 11px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeSmall{padding:3px 9px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeLarge{padding:7px 21px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeSmall{padding:4px 10px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeLarge{padding:8px 22px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-fullWidth{width:100%}.MuiButton-startIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px}.MuiButton-startIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-left:-2px}.MuiButton-endIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-4px}.MuiButton-endIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-right:-2px}.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall>:first-child{font-size:18px}.MuiButton-iconSizeMedium>:first-child{font-size:20px}.MuiButton-iconSizeLarge>:first-child{font-size:22px}.MuiDivider-root{border:none;height:1px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiDivider-absolute{left:0;width:100%;bottom:0;position:absolute}.MuiDivider-inset{margin-left:72px}.MuiDivider-light{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}.MuiDivider-middle{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px}.MuiDivider-vertical{width:1px;height:100%}.MuiDivider-flexItem{height:auto;align-self:stretch}.MuiPaper-root{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);transition:box-shadow .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1) 0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 5</a><h1>Viittaukset</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan viittaustyyppisellä muuttujalla</li>
 <li>Tiedät, että samaan olioon voi olla useampia viittauksia</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää listoja funktioiden parametreina</li>
@@ -409,4 +409,4 @@
 luvut <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>toiseksi_pienin<span class="token punctuation">(</span>luvut<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>luvut<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>2
-[1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7]</p></div></div><p>Koska funktio <code class="language-text">sorted</code> palauttaa uuden järjestetyn listan, toiseksi pienimmän alkion etsiminen ei enää sotke listan alkuperäistä järjestystä.</p><p>Usein pidetään hyvänä asiana, että funktiot eivät aiheuta sivuvaikutuksia, sillä sivuvaikutukset voivat hankaloittaa ohjelmien toimivuuden varmistamista.</p><p>Sivuvaikutuksettomia funktioita kutsutaan myös <em>puhtaiksi funktioiksi</em> ja erityisesti funktionaalista ohjelmointityyliä käytettäessä funktiot pyritään rakentamaan näin. Palaamme aiheeseen tarkemmin <em>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla</em>.</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-7384687a-fe87-53d4-be99-05a98f5e467e"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 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+[1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7]</p></div></div><p>Koska funktio <code class="language-text">sorted</code> palauttaa uuden järjestetyn listan, toiseksi pienimmän alkion etsiminen ei enää sotke listan alkuperäistä järjestystä.</p><p>Usein pidetään hyvänä asiana, että funktiot eivät aiheuta sivuvaikutuksia, sillä sivuvaikutukset voivat hankaloittaa ohjelmien toimivuuden varmistamista.</p><p>Sivuvaikutuksettomia funktioita kutsutaan myös <em>puhtaiksi funktioiksi</em> ja erityisesti funktionaalista ohjelmointityyliä käytettäessä funktiot pyritään rakentamaan näin. 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 5</a><h1>Sanakirja</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, millainen tietorakenne on sanakirja</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää sanakirjaa erityyppisten avainten ja arvojen kanssa</li>
 <li>Osaat käydä läpi sanakirjan sisällön</li>
@@ -350,4 +350,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Keskipituus on&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> yhteispituus <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>henkilot<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Pirjo Python
 Pekka Pythonen
 Pedro Python
-Keskipituus on 173.0</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-61bfc0f9-fcbf-56ec-a157-afed3fe96128"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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 <li>Tiedät, millainen tietorakenne on tuple</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa tuplen erityyppisistä arvoista</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä eroa on tuplella ja listalla</li>
@@ -236,4 +236,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;avain:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> avain<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;arvo:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arvo<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässäkin Python käyttää taustalla tupleja: <code class="language-text">sanakirja.items()</code> palauttaa yksi kerrallaan avain-arvo-parit tuplena, jonka ensimmäinen alkio on avain ja toinen arvo.</p><p>Vielä yksi tuplen käyttötarkoitus on kahden muuttujan arvon vaihtaminen keskenään:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">luku1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> luku2 <span class="token operator">=</span> luku2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> luku1</code></pre></div><p>Yllä oleva koodi vaihtaa keskenään muuttujien <code class="language-text">luku1</code> ja <code class="language-text">luku2</code> arvot, eli koodi toimii samoin kuin seuraava, apumuuttujaa käyttävä koodi:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">apu <span class="token operator">=</span> luku1
 luku1 <span class="token operator">=</span> luku2
-luku2 <span class="token operator">=</span> apu</code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-80966e29-402a-55c4-a555-49ec9f14d65c"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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JqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPK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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 6</a><h1>Tiedostojen lukeminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten tiedoston sisällön voi lukea Pythonissa</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä ovat tekstitiedosto ja CSV-tiedosto</li>
 <li>Osaat purkaa ja käsitellä CSV-tiedoston sisällön ohjelmassa</li>
@@ -444,4 +444,4 @@
     <span class="token string">&#x27;080488-123X&#x27;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token number">3300</span>,
     <span class="token string">&#x27;290274-044S&#x27;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token number">4350</span>,
     <span class="token string">&#x27;010479-007Z&#x27;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token number">2500</span>
-<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Lopun for-silmukka yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja niitä vastaavat palkat sanakirjojen avulla.</p><p>Ohjelma huomioi myös tilanteen, jossa henkilön palkkatietoja ei ole olemassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että koska ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena sanakirjaa, ei henkilöitä vastaavien rivien järjestyksellä ole merkitystä.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-d8fd5f8f-1185-50d0-9d08-9cd248a5989e"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 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+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Lopun for-silmukka yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja niitä vastaavat palkat sanakirjojen avulla.</p><p>Ohjelma huomioi myös tilanteen, jossa henkilön palkkatietoja ei ole olemassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että koska ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena sanakirjaa, ei henkilöitä vastaavien rivien järjestyksellä ole merkitystä.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-d8fd5f8f-1185-50d0-9d08-9cd248a5989e"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 6</a><h1>Tiedostojen kirjoittaminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 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 <li>Osaat luoda itse tiedoston Pythonilla</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa tekstimuotoista tietoa tiedostoon</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa CSV-muotoisen tiedoston omasta datastasi</li>
@@ -299,4 +299,4 @@
 
 viikkopisteet <span class="token operator">=</span> lue_viikkopisteet<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;viikkopisteet.csv&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hae_arvosana<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Paula&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-</code></pre></div><div class="SampleData__Wrapper-sc-1l3b75k-0 jUfxml"><div class="SampleData__Note-sc-1l3b75k-2 liVdgc">Esimerkkidata</div><div class="SampleData__Body-sc-1l3b75k-1 kUMJgg"><p>3</p></div></div><p>Jos ohjelmasta halutaan muuttaa tai korjata &quot;yhtä asiaa&quot;, esimerkiksi arvosanojen pisterajoja, kohdistuu muokkaus hyvin rakennetussa ohjelmassa ainoastaan yhteen tai muutamaan funktioon. Jos sama logiikka, esimerkiksi arvosanan laskeminen, olisi kopioitu useaan paikkaan, kasvaisi riski, että muutoksia ei muistettaisi tehdä kaikkiin oikeisiin paikkoihin.</p><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-a4414b90-5cf5-520c-8c9e-2f18fed17fd5"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 6</a><h1>Virhetilanteisiin varautuminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten virheellisiä syötteitä voidaan käsitellä</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan poikkeuksella ohjelmoinnissa</li>
 <li>Tunnistat tyypillisiä poikkeuksia Pythonissa</li>
@@ -314,4 +314,4 @@
 print(kertoma(-1))
 File &quot;testi.py&quot;, line 3, in kertoma
 raise ValueError(&quot;Negatiivinen syöte: &quot; + str(n))
-ValueError: Negatiivinen syöte: -1</module></div></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-bbc6d86e-5d2e-5614-b71f-f92532ae48e7"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 6</a><h1>Paikalliset ja globaalit muuttujat</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan paikallisella muuttujalla</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten muuttujan näkyvyysalue vaikuttaa sen käyttöön</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonissa tekee avainsana <code class="language-text">global</code></li>
@@ -331,4 +331,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token comment"># ohjelman käynnistys</span>
-main<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-1a4f83c9-bf41-50b5-97cc-3c360c104918"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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(hover:none){.MuiButton-containedSecondary:hover{background-color:#f44336}}.MuiButton-disableElevation{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:hover{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:active{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-colorInherit{color:inherit;border-color:currentColor}.MuiButton-textSizeSmall{padding:4px 5px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-textSizeLarge{padding:8px 11px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeSmall{padding:3px 9px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeLarge{padding:7px 21px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeSmall{padding:4px 10px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeLarge{padding:8px 22px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-fullWidth{width:100%}.MuiButton-startIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px}.MuiButton-startIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-left:-2px}.MuiButton-endIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-4px}.MuiButton-endIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-right:-2px}.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall>:first-child{font-size:18px}.MuiButton-iconSizeMedium>:first-child{font-size:20px}.MuiButton-iconSizeLarge>:first-child{font-size:22px}.MuiDivider-root{border:none;height:1px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiDivider-absolute{left:0;width:100%;bottom:0;position:absolute}.MuiDivider-inset{margin-left:72px}.MuiDivider-light{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}.MuiDivider-middle{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px}.MuiDivider-vertical{width:1px;height:100%}.MuiDivider-flexItem{height:auto;align-self:stretch}.MuiPaper-root{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);transition:box-shadow .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1) 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Moduulit</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Moduulit</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mikä on moduuli</li>
 <li>Osaat ottaa käyttöön moduulin <code class="language-text">import</code>-lauseella</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten moduulin sisällöstä voi etsiä tietoa</li>
@@ -251,4 +251,4 @@
 <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html</a></li>
 </ul><p>Voimme myös tutkia funktion <code class="language-text">dir</code> avulla moduulin sisältöä:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> math
 
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">dir</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>math<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio antaa listan nimistä, jotka moduuli määrittelee:</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[&#x27;__doc__&#x27;, &#x27;__name__&#x27;, &#x27;__package__&#x27;, &#x27;acos&#x27;, &#x27;acosh&#x27;, &#x27;asin&#x27;, &#x27;asinh&#x27;, &#x27;atan&#x27;, &#x27;atan2&#x27;, &#x27;atanh&#x27;, &#x27;ceil&#x27;, &#x27;copysign&#x27;, &#x27;cos&#x27;, &#x27;cosh&#x27;, &#x27;degrees&#x27;, &#x27;e&#x27;, &#x27;erf&#x27;, &#x27;erfc&#x27;, &#x27;exp&#x27;, &#x27;expm1&#x27;, &#x27;fabs&#x27;, &#x27;factorial&#x27;, &#x27;floor&#x27;, &#x27;fmod&#x27;, &#x27;frexp&#x27;, &#x27;fsum&#x27;, &#x27;gamma&#x27;, &#x27;hypot&#x27;, &#x27;isinf&#x27;, &#x27;isnan&#x27;, &#x27;ldexp&#x27;, &#x27;lgamma&#x27;, &#x27;log&#x27;, &#x27;log10&#x27;, &#x27;log1p&#x27;, &#x27;modf&#x27;, &#x27;pi&#x27;, &#x27;pow&#x27;, &#x27;radians&#x27;, &#x27;sin&#x27;, &#x27;sinh&#x27;, &#x27;sqrt&#x27;, &#x27;tan&#x27;, &#x27;tanh&#x27;, &#x27;trunc&#x27;]</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-2ae7a041-d84f-5a17-9d1a-d1f8cf68f5d0"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">dir</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>math<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio antaa listan nimistä, jotka moduuli määrittelee:</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[&#x27;__doc__&#x27;, &#x27;__name__&#x27;, &#x27;__package__&#x27;, &#x27;acos&#x27;, &#x27;acosh&#x27;, &#x27;asin&#x27;, &#x27;asinh&#x27;, &#x27;atan&#x27;, &#x27;atan2&#x27;, &#x27;atanh&#x27;, &#x27;ceil&#x27;, &#x27;copysign&#x27;, &#x27;cos&#x27;, &#x27;cosh&#x27;, &#x27;degrees&#x27;, &#x27;e&#x27;, &#x27;erf&#x27;, &#x27;erfc&#x27;, &#x27;exp&#x27;, &#x27;expm1&#x27;, &#x27;fabs&#x27;, &#x27;factorial&#x27;, &#x27;floor&#x27;, &#x27;fmod&#x27;, &#x27;frexp&#x27;, &#x27;fsum&#x27;, &#x27;gamma&#x27;, &#x27;hypot&#x27;, &#x27;isinf&#x27;, &#x27;isnan&#x27;, &#x27;ldexp&#x27;, &#x27;lgamma&#x27;, &#x27;log&#x27;, &#x27;log10&#x27;, &#x27;log1p&#x27;, &#x27;modf&#x27;, &#x27;pi&#x27;, &#x27;pow&#x27;, &#x27;radians&#x27;, &#x27;sin&#x27;, &#x27;sinh&#x27;, &#x27;sqrt&#x27;, &#x27;tan&#x27;, &#x27;tanh&#x27;, &#x27;trunc&#x27;]</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-2ae7a041-d84f-5a17-9d1a-d1f8cf68f5d0"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 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(hover:none){.MuiButton-containedSecondary:hover{background-color:#f44336}}.MuiButton-disableElevation{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:hover{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:active{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-colorInherit{color:inherit;border-color:currentColor}.MuiButton-textSizeSmall{padding:4px 5px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-textSizeLarge{padding:8px 11px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeSmall{padding:3px 9px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeLarge{padding:7px 21px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeSmall{padding:4px 10px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeLarge{padding:8px 22px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-fullWidth{width:100%}.MuiButton-startIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px}.MuiButton-startIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-left:-2px}.MuiButton-endIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-4px}.MuiButton-endIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-right:-2px}.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall>:first-child{font-size:18px}.MuiButton-iconSizeMedium>:first-child{font-size:20px}.MuiButton-iconSizeLarge>:first-child{font-size:22px}.MuiDivider-root{border:none;height:1px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiDivider-absolute{left:0;width:100%;bottom:0;position:absolute}.MuiDivider-inset{margin-left:72px}.MuiDivider-light{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}.MuiDivider-middle{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px}.MuiDivider-vertical{width:1px;height:100%}.MuiDivider-flexItem{height:auto;align-self:stretch}.MuiPaper-root{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);transition:box-shadow .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1) 0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Satunnaisuus</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tunnet moduulin <code class="language-text">random</code> funktioita</li>
 <li>Osaat hyödyntää satunnaisuutta omissa ohjelmissasi</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Tässä luvussa tutustutaan standardikirjaston moduuliin <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#module-random" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">random</a>, joka tarjoaa välineistöä satunnaislukujen generointiin ja muuhun satunnaiseen toiminnallisuuteen.</p><p>Tässä ja seuraavissa luvuissa esiteltävien funktioiden yhteyteen on lisäilty linkkejä standardikirjaston <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dokumentaatioon</a>. Linkkejä kannattaa klikkailla ja pikkuhiljaa totutella siihen, miltä dokumentaatio näyttää.</p><h2 class="material-header" id="luvun-arpominen">Luvun arpominen<a href="#luvun-arpominen" aria-label="luvun arpominen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.randint" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">randint(a, b)</a> antaa satunnaisen kokonaisluvun väliltä <code class="language-text">a</code>...<code class="language-text">b</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma simuloi nopan heittämistä:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">from</span> random <span class="token keyword">import</span> randint
@@ -252,4 +252,4 @@
 
 seed<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1337</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token comment"># tästä tulee aina sama satunnaisluku</span>
-<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun annamme siemenarvon itse, satunnaisuutta käyttävät funktiot antavat samat tulokset ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla. Tulokset voivat kuitenkin riippua käytetystä Pythonin versiosta.</p><aside class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz">Aito satunnaisuus</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Jos tarkkoja ollaan, moduulin <code class="language-text">random</code> muodostamat luvut eivät ole aitoja satunnaislukuja, vaan <em>pseudosatunnaislukuja</em>. Tietokoneen avulla on vaikea arpoa täysin satunnaisia lukuja, koska sen toiminta on kaikilta osin ennustettavissa. Monissa käyttötarkoituksissa luvut ovat kuitenkin tarpeeksi satunnaisia. Aitoja satunnaislukuja muodostettaessa lähteenä käytetään yleensä jotain tietokoneen ulkopuolista satunnaista ilmiötä, esimerkiksi radioaktiivista taustasäteilyä tai äänentasoa.</p><div>Lisätietoa löydät esimerkiksi sivulta <a href="https://www.random.org/randomness/">random.org</a>.</div></div></aside><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 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+<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun annamme siemenarvon itse, satunnaisuutta käyttävät funktiot antavat samat tulokset ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla. Tulokset voivat kuitenkin riippua käytetystä Pythonin versiosta.</p><aside class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz">Aito satunnaisuus</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Jos tarkkoja ollaan, moduulin <code class="language-text">random</code> muodostamat luvut eivät ole aitoja satunnaislukuja, vaan <em>pseudosatunnaislukuja</em>. Tietokoneen avulla on vaikea arpoa täysin satunnaisia lukuja, koska sen toiminta on kaikilta osin ennustettavissa. Monissa käyttötarkoituksissa luvut ovat kuitenkin tarpeeksi satunnaisia. Aitoja satunnaislukuja muodostettaessa lähteenä käytetään yleensä jotain tietokoneen ulkopuolista satunnaista ilmiötä, esimerkiksi radioaktiivista taustasäteilyä tai äänentasoa.</p><div>Lisätietoa löydät esimerkiksi sivulta <a href="https://www.random.org/randomness/">random.org</a>.</div></div></aside><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li 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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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 <li>Tiedät tavan käsitellä päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja Pythonissa</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa ja käyttää <code class="language-text">datetime</code>-olioita</li>
 <li>Osaat vertailla päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja toisiinsa ja laskea niiden erotuksia</li>
@@ -301,4 +301,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Synnyit viime vuosituhannella&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Synnyit tällä vuosituhannella&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: <strong>5.11.1986</strong>
-Synnyit viime vuosituhannella</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-5602ad2e-213e-5d65-a2ae-56283d90b57d"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Datan käsittely</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat käyttää moduulia CSV-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää moduulia JSON-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>
 <li>Osaat hakea netissä olevan tiedoston sisällön</li>
@@ -247,4 +247,4 @@
 <li><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://docs.python.org/3/library/</a></li>
 </ul><p>Standardikirjaston lisäksi verkosta löytyy lukuisia vapaasti käytettäviä kirjastoja eri tarpeisiin. Joitakin yleisesti käytettyjä moduuleja on täällä:</p><ul>
 <li><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules</a></li>
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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Oman moduulin tekeminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 7</a><h1>Oman moduulin tekeminen</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 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 <li>Osaat luoda oman moduulin</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonin muuttuja <code class="language-text">__name__</code> ja sen arvo <code class="language-text">__main__</code> merkitsevät</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Omien moduulien tekeminen on helppoa Pythonissa, koska mikä tahansa Python-koodia sisältävä tiedosto voi toimia moduulina. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa tiedostoa <code class="language-text">sanat.py</code>:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">eka_sana</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mjono<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -292,4 +292,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sanat<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vika_sana<span class="token punctuation">(</span>mjono<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sanat<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class="token punctuation">(</span>mjono<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Vesihiisi
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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät lisää Pythonin ominaisuuksia</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Tähän lukuun on koottu vielä joukko erinäisiä hyödyllisiä Pythoniin liittyviä ominaisuuksia.</p><h2 class="material-header" id="yhden-rivin-ehto">Yhden rivin ehto<a href="#yhden-rivin-ehto" aria-label="yhden rivin ehto permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavat koodit toimivat samalla tavalla:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">if</span> x<span class="token operator">%</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;parillinen&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
@@ -232,4 +232,4 @@
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Niiden summa on&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lista<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 testi<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Annoit 5 parametria
-Niiden summa on 15</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa kurssin lopuksi loppukyselyyn. 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 8</a><h1>Oliot ja metodit</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan oliolla</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoitetaan olioiden itsenäisyydellä</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa ja käsitellä olioita</li>
@@ -260,4 +260,4 @@
 lista<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lista<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[1, 2, 3, 5, 1]
-[2, 3, 5, 1]</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Luokat ja oliot</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 8</a><h1>Luokat ja oliot</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan luokalla</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät luokan ja olion yhteyden</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä olio-ohjelmointi tarkoittaa</li>
@@ -256,4 +256,4 @@
 Kuukausi: 12</p></div></div><p>Päiväolion viikonpäivä saadaan siis selville kutsumalla <em>metodia</em> isoweekday:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">viikonpaiva <span class="token operator">=</span> paiva<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isoweekday<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska on kyse metodikutsusta, niin metodin nimen perään laitetaan sulut. Jos sulut unohtuvat, on lopputulos outo:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">viikonpaiva <span class="token operator">=</span>  paiva<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isoweekday
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Viikonpäivä:&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> viikonpaiva<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Viikonpäivä: &lt;built-in method isoweekday of datetime.date object at 0x10ed66450&gt;</p></div></div><p>Päiväolioon liittyvä kuukausi taas on olion muuttuja, ja sen arvo selviää <em>viittaamalla</em> muuttujaan</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">kuukausi <span class="token operator">=</span> paiva<span class="token punctuation">.</span>month</code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis käytössä <em>ei ole sulkuja</em>. Jos tässä tilanteessa yritettäisiin käyttää sulkuja, ohjelma aiheuttaisi virheen:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">kuukausi <span class="token operator">=</span> paiva<span class="token punctuation">.</span>month<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><div>Traceback (most recent call last):
 File &quot;<stdin>&quot;, line 1, in <module>
-TypeError: &#x27;int&#x27; object is not callable</module></stdin></div></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-8/3-omat-luokat"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>3<!-- -->. <!-- -->Omat luokat</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div 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0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 8</a><h1>Omat luokat</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten omia luokkia määritellään</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa itse määritellystä luokasta olion</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa konstruktorin</li>
@@ -305,4 +305,4 @@
 laita_rahaa_tilille<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pekan_tili<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pekan_tili<span class="token punctuation">.</span>saldo<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>0
-500</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-8/4-metodit-omissa-luokissa"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Metodit omissa luokissa</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 8</a><h1>Metodit omissa luokissa</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten metodit toimivat luokissa</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa metodeita omiin luokkiin</li>
 <li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla ja asiakkaalla olio-ohjelmoinnissa</li>
@@ -341,4 +341,4 @@
         self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>saldo <span class="token operator">+=</span> superbonus
 
     <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">__str__</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Bonuskortti(nimi=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nimi<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, saldo=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>saldo<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">)&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" 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+        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Bonuskortti(nimi=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nimi<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, saldo=</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>saldo<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">)&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div><div>Loading</div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 8</a><h1>Lisää esimerkkejä</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat luoda aiempaa monipuolisempia luokkia</li>
 <li>Osaat määritellä luokkaan metodin <code class="language-text">__str__</code></li>
 </ul></div></aside><h2 class="material-header" id="esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio">Esimerkki 1: Luokka Suorakulmio<a href="#esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio" aria-label="esimerkki 1 luokka suorakulmio permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi luokkaa, joka mallintaa suorakulmiota kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Suorakulmio</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -282,4 +282,4 @@
 treffit
 opiskelu
 1
-0</p></div></div><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-82ce577b-1caa-580f-baa7-bb2f14dd63af"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V250.5c0-8.6 4.6-16.5 12.1-20.8l44.3-25.4c4.7-2.7 7.6-7.7 7.6-13.1c0-8.4-6.8-15.1-15.1-15.1H222.6c-3.4 0-6.4 2.1-7.5 5.3l-.4 1.2c-4.4 12.5-18.2 19-30.6 14.6s-19-18.2-14.6-30.6l.4-1.2zM288 352c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Oliot ja viittaukset</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten olioita voi tallentaa tietorakenteisiin</li>
 <li>Tiedät, miten olioiden välitys parametrina toimii</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Pythonissa kaikki arvot ovat olioita ja myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käsitellä kuin mitä tahansa muitakin olioita. Esimerkiksi olioita voidaan tallentaa listaan:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">from</span> datetime <span class="token keyword">import</span> date
@@ -538,4 +538,4 @@
 
     <span class="token comment"># tämä ei toimi, Henkilo pitaa olla hipsuissa</span>
     <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> toinen<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Henkilo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-        <span class="token keyword">return</span> self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>syntynyt <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> toinen<span class="token punctuation">.</span>syntynyt<span class="token punctuation">:</span></code></pre></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Oliot attribuuttina</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div class="MuiPaper-root PagesInThisSection__StyledPaper-sc-6agvdl-4 bAGRer MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" style="width:400px;font-size:0.8rem;margin:0"><div class="PagesInThisSection__Title-sc-6agvdl-3 hyiqDT">Tässä osassa:</div><ol class="PagesInThisSection__PagesList-sc-6agvdl-0 cXslIH"><a aria-current="page" class="PagesInThisSection__StyledLink-sc-6agvdl-2 UvaJq" href="/osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset"><li class="PagesInThisSection__Page-sc-6agvdl-1 eGZYyF">1<!-- -->. <!-- -->Oliot ja viittaukset</li></a><hr class="MuiDivider-root MuiDivider-middle"/><a class="PagesInThisSection__StyledLink-sc-6agvdl-2 UvaJq" href="/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina"><li class="PagesInThisSection__Page-sc-6agvdl-1 gEBZov">2<!-- -->. <!-- -->Oliot attribuuttina</li></a><hr class="MuiDivider-root 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Oliot attribuuttina</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Osaat tallentaa olioita toisten olioiden sisään</li>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa <code class="language-text">None</code></li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Aikaisemmin nähtiin esimerkkejä luokista, joissa attribuutteina oli käytetty esimerkiksi listoja. Samalla tavalla myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käyttää toisten olioiden attribuutteina. Seuraavissa esimerkeissä on määritelty luokat <code class="language-text">Kurssi</code>, <code class="language-text">Opiskelija</code> ja <code class="language-text">Opintosuoritus</code>. Opintosuorituksessa hyödynnetään kahta ensimmäistä luokkaa. Luokkien sisäinen toteutus on lyhyt, jotta esimerkki toisi esille oleellisen.</p><p>Esimerkissä jokainen luokka on kirjoitettu omaan tiedostoonsa.</p><p>Esitellään aluksi luokka <code class="language-text">Kurssi</code>, joka on määritelty tiedostossa <code class="language-text">kurssi.py</code>:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Kurssi</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -310,4 +310,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">if</span> pelaaja <span class="token keyword">is</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Jukkiksen maalimäärä </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>p<span class="token punctuation">.</span>maalit<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(</p></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/3-kapselointi"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 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+    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f&quot;Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(</p></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/3-kapselointi"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 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rgba(0,0,0,.12);background-color:#d5d5d5}.MuiButton-contained.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiButton-contained:active{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiButton-contained.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0,0,0,.26);box-shadow:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}@media (hover:none){.MuiButton-contained:hover{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);background-color:#e0e0e0}}.MuiButton-contained:hover.Mui-disabled{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiButton-containedPrimary{color:#fff;background-color:#2196f3}.MuiButton-containedPrimary:hover{background-color:#1976d2}@media (hover:none){.MuiButton-containedPrimary:hover{background-color:#2196f3}}.MuiButton-containedSecondary{color:#fff;background-color:#f44336}.MuiButton-containedSecondary:hover{background-color:#d32f2f}@media 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0s;background-color:#fff}.MuiPaper-rounded{border-radius:4px}.MuiPaper-outlined{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation0{box-shadow:none}.MuiPaper-elevation1{box-shadow:0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation2{box-shadow:0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation3{box-shadow:0 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 3px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation4{box-shadow:0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 4px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation5{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 5px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 14px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation6{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation7{box-shadow:0 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 2px 16px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Kapselointi</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla</li>
 <li>Osaat muodostaa piilotetun attribuutin</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa attribuutille asetus- ja havainnointimetodit</li>
@@ -344,4 +344,4 @@
 <li>Tänään söin puuroa</li>
 <li>Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia</li>
 <li>Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan</li>
-</ul></div></div><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/4-metodien-nakyvyys"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>4<!-- -->. <!-- -->Metodien näkyvyys</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 bpGHNs"><div class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterContent-sc-1wp274x-1 hTiKoY"><div class="MuiPaper-root 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5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Metodien näkyvyys</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>
 <li>Tiedät, miten metodin näkyvyys määritellään Pythonissa</li>
 <li>Osaat kirjoittaa piilotettuja metodeita</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Luokassa olevien metodien näkyvyyteen voidaan vaikuttaa samalla tavalla kuin attribuuttien näkyvyyteen. Jos metodin nimi alkaa kahdella alaviivalla <code class="language-text">__</code>, metodi ei ole näkyvissä asiakkaille.</p><p>Käytännössä mekanismia käytetään hiukan eri tavalla: piilotettujen attribuuttien käyttöä varten kirjoitetaan usein julkiset havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit. Piilotettu metodi on kuitenkin yleensä tarkoitettu vain luokan sisäiseen käyttöön, apumetodiksi asiakkaalta piilotettujen operaatioiden toteuttamiseksi.</p><p>Piilotettua metodia voidaan kutsua luokan sisällä normaalisti, mutta kutsuttaessa pitää muistaa <code class="language-text">self</code>-aluke. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä sähköpostin vastaanottajaa mallintavaa luokkaa <code class="language-text">Vastaanottaja</code>, jossa yksityistä apumetodia käytetään tarkistamaan sähköpostiosoitteen oikeellisuus:</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Vastaanottaja</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
@@ -244,4 +244,4 @@
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>kasi1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 kasi2 <span class="token operator">=</span> korttipakka<span class="token punctuation">.</span>jaa<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>kasi2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkiksi</p><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[(&#x27;pata&#x27;, 7), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 11), (&#x27;hertta&#x27;, 7), (&#x27;ruutu&#x27;, 3), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 4)]
-[(&#x27;risti&#x27;, 8), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 12), (&#x27;ruutu&#x27;, 13), (&#x27;risti&#x27;, 11), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 10)]</p></div></div><p>Piilotettuja metodeja tarvitaan yleensä harvemmin kuin piilotettuja attribuutteja. Metodi kannattaa piilottaa, jos asiakas ei tarvitse siihen suoraa pääsyä, ja varsinkin silloin, jos on todennäköistä, että asiakas voisi sotkea olion sisäisen eheyden metodia kutsumalla.</p><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>5<!-- -->. <!-- -->Staattiset piirteet</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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+[(&#x27;risti&#x27;, 8), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 12), (&#x27;ruutu&#x27;, 13), (&#x27;risti&#x27;, 11), (&#x27;pata&#x27;, 10)]</p></div></div><p>Piilotettuja metodeja tarvitaan yleensä harvemmin kuin piilotettuja attribuutteja. Metodi kannattaa piilottaa, jos asiakas ei tarvitse siihen suoraa pääsyä, ja varsinkin silloin, jos on todennäköistä, että asiakas voisi sotkea olion sisäisen eheyden metodia kutsumalla.</p><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>5<!-- -->. <!-- -->Staattiset piirteet</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer 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rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation8{box-shadow:0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation9{box-shadow:0 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation10{box-shadow:0 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation11{box-shadow:0 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation12{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation13{box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation14{box-shadow:0 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation15{box-shadow:0 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation16{box-shadow:0 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation17{box-shadow:0 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation18{box-shadow:0 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation19{box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation20{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation21{box-shadow:0 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation22{box-shadow:0 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation23{box-shadow:0 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}</style><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/webpack-runtime-f1d78a558bd0a329cac6.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/framework-fe20080b3088a9e05400.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/dc6a8720040df98778fe970bf6c000a41750d3ae-2bd38ff93dc85bdbe2d4.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/app-7487be8b990017a49a12.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/c16184b3-70c6bdec623e2863fc60.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/2cca2479-5d6bd31cf02ef4cb4b20.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/e8647879-2a55d0bd4baeec3fd269.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="/commons-042af59ccee387ac69c9.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Staattiset piirteet</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 9.4 0l200 40C439.9 42.7 448 52.6 448 64s-8.1 21.3-19.3 23.5L352 102.9V160c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128s-128-57.3-128-128V102.9L48 93.3v65.1l15.7 78.4c.9 4.7-.3 9.6-3.3 13.3s-7.6 5.9-12.4 5.9H16c-4.8 0-9.3-2.1-12.4-5.9s-4.3-8.6-3.3-13.3L16 158.4V86.6C6.5 83.3 0 74.3 0 64C0 52.6 8.1 42.7 19.3 40.5l200-40zM129.1 323.2l83.2 88.4c6.3 6.7 17 6.7 23.3 0l83.2-88.4c73.7 14.9 129.1 80 129.1 158.1c0 17-13.8 30.7-30.7 30.7H30.7C13.8 512 0 498.2 0 481.3c0-78.1 55.5-143.2 129.1-158.1z"></path></svg>Oppimistavoitteet</h3><div class="TextBox__Body-sc-16p8bmv-3 fTqaUE"><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>
 <li>Ymmärrät käsitteet luokkamuuttuja ja luokkametodi</li>
 <li>Tiedät miten staattiset piirteet eroavat olioiden piirteistä</li>
 <li>Osaat lisätä staattisia piirteitä omiin luokkiin</li>
@@ -354,4 +354,4 @@
         <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span></code></pre></div><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">ote <span class="token operator">=</span> Rekisteriote<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Arto Autoilija&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Volvo&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1992&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;abc-123&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 
 <span class="token keyword">if</span> Rekisteriote<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rekisteritunnus_kelpaa<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;xyz-789&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
-    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Tämä on validi tunnus!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>Tämä on validi tunnus!</p></div></div><p>Rekisteriotteen oikeellisuuden voi tarkistaa kutsumalla metodia (esimerkiksi <code class="language-text">Rekisteriote.rekisteritunnus_kelpaa(&quot;xyz-789&quot;))</code>) ilman, että muodostaa luokasta oliota. Samaa metodia kutsutaan myös uutta oliota muodostaessa luokan konstruktorista. Huomaa kuitenkin, että myös tässä kutsussa viitataan metodiin luokan nimen avulla eikä <code class="language-text">self</code>-tunnisteella!</p><div>Loading</div></div><div> <!-- -->Seuraava osa:<!-- --> <div class="EndOfSubSection__ButtonWrapper-ees48a-2 ihqBwp"><a class="EndOfSubSection__StyledLink-ees48a-0 TDJSC" href="/osa-9/6-lisaa-esimerkkeja"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right EndOfSubSection__StyledIcon-ees48a-1 jfrrKl" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg>6<!-- -->. <!-- -->Lisää esimerkkejä</a></div><p></p></div></article></div><footer class="CoursePageFooter__CoursePageFooterWrapper-sc-1wp274x-0 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root-1{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2-2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1-3{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption-4{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button-5{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1-6{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2-7{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3-8{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4-9{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5-10{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6-11{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1-12{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2-13{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline-14{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly-15{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft-16{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter-17{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight-18{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify-19{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap-20{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom-21{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph-22{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit-23{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary-24{color:#3f51b5}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary-25{color:#f50057}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary-26{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary-27{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError-28{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline-29{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock-30{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijU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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" 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focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-arrow-up" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-arrow-up CourseContentTemplate__StyledIcon-sc-1m06ow0-0 RyBVO" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM385 215c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9s-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-71-71V392c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24V177.9l-71 71c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L239 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L385 215z"></path></svg>Osa 9</a><h1>Lisää esimerkkejä</h1><div><aside style="--color:#57b181" class="TextBox__Wrapper-sc-16p8bmv-0 dMMxhd"><h3 class="TextBox__Header-sc-16p8bmv-2 expZhz"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="user-graduate" class="svg-inline--fa fa-user-graduate fa-1x TextBox__StyledIcon-sc-16p8bmv-1 jvyiaL" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M219.3 .5c3.1-.6 6.3-.6 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 <li>Tunnet lisää esimerkkejä luokista ja olioista</li>
 <li>Osaat käyttää parametrien oletusarvoja metodeissa</li>
 </ul></div></aside><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi esimerkkiä, joka muodostuu kahdesta luokasta. Luokka <code class="language-text">Piste</code> mallintaa yhtä pistettä kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa ja luokka <code class="language-text">Jana</code> kahden pisteen välistä janaa. Luokkien toiminta on kommentoitu koodiin.</p><div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">import</span> math
@@ -384,4 +384,4 @@
 
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>opiskelija1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>opiskelija2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div><div class="SampleOutput__Wrapper-sc-8wht92-0 dbDJTf"><div class="SampleOutput__Note-sc-8wht92-2 cuVTIa">Esimerkkitulostus</div><div class="SampleOutput__Body-sc-8wht92-1 gbKbiS"><p>[&#x27;Ohpe&#x27;, &#x27;Tira&#x27;]
-[]</p></div></div><h2 class="material-header" id="loppuhuipennus">Loppuhuipennus<a href="#loppuhuipennus" aria-label="loppuhuipennus permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Vaikka seuraava tehtävä on tässä luvussa, et tarvitse tehtävän ratkaisemiseen mitään muuta kun luvussa <a href="/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina">Oliot attribuuttina</a> esiteltyjä tekniikoita. Tehtävä on käytännössä hyvin samanlainen kuin tuon luvun  tehtävät <a href="/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-lahjapakkaus">lahjapakkaus</a> ja <a href="/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-huoneen-lyhin">huoneen lyhin</a>.</p><div>Loading</div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><div class="MuiPaper-root Quiz__StyledPaper-sc-1qwd1x4-0 eFikPW MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded" id="quiz-e966cdfa-7abe-55d5-905a-f0a7448ddd11"><div><div class="sc-jTjUTQ ckLhFi"><div class="sc-jRwbcX kPDIen"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="circle-question" class="svg-inline--fa fa-circle-question " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0S0 114.6 0 256S114.6 512 256 512zM169.8 165.3c7.9-22.3 29.1-37.3 52.8-37.3h58.3c34.9 0 63.1 28.3 63.1 63.1c0 22.6-12.1 43.5-31.7 54.8L280 264.4c-.2 13-10.9 23.6-24 23.6c-13.3 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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label"><span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars Sidebar__StyledIcon-ufe7yk-0 cypYga" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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Esimerkiksi ohjelma"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7\n9\n22"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että laskutoimituksen ympärille ei kirjoiteta lainausmerkkejä. Lainausmerkeillä merkitään "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"merkkijono"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan. Huomaa siis seuraavien komentojen ero:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"2 + 2 * 10\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulostus on:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"22\n2 + 2 * 10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jälkimmäisessä tapauksessa Python ei laske laskutoimitusta, vaan tulostaa sen ruudulle.\nMerkkijonot siis tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan riippumatta niiden sisällöstä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"kommentit","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kommentit"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#kommentit","ariaLabel":"kommentit permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos rivin alussa on merkki "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"#"}]},{"type":"text","value":", rivi on kommentti, jolloin rivillä oleva teksti ei vaikuta ohjelman toimintaan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kommenttien avulla ohjelmoija voi selostaa itselleen ja muille ohjelmoijille, miten ohjelma toimii. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa kommentit selittävät käytettyä laskukaavaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# vuodessa on 365 päivää ja jokaisessa 24 tuntia"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"365"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun ohjelma suoritetaan, kommenteissa oleva teksti ei näy mitenkään ohjelman käyttäjälle:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\n8760"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lyhyempi kommentti voi olla myös rivin lopussa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"365"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Minuutit vuodessa","tmcname":"osa01-04_minuuttien_maara_vuodessa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa minuuttien määrän vuodessa. Käytä edellisen esimerkin tapaan Pythonia tekemään laskutoimitus!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Ohjelma tulostaa koodia","tmcname":"osa01-05_ohjelma_tulostaa_koodia"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonissa voidaan käyttää kaksinkertaisten lainausmerkkien "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]},{"type":"text","value":" lisäksi myös yksinkertaista lainausmerkkiä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"'"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä on kätevää, kun haluat tulostaa lainausmerkkejä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"'\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.'"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, jonka tulostus on seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print(\"Moi kaikki!\")"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"4d085eeb-fee6-5087-a9b4-6749f4ea4111"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet kirjoittanut ja suorittanut ensimmäisen Python-ohjelmasi</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää print-komentoa viestien tulostamiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat laskea laskuja ohjelmoimalla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tietokoneohjelmat koostuvat <em>komennoista</em> eli yksinkertaisista toimintaohjeista, joita kone suorittaa yksi kerrallaan. Komennot voivat esimerkiksi suorittaa laskutoimituksia, vertailla koneen muistissa olevia tietoja, aiheuttaa muutoksen ohjelman toimintaan tai viestiä käyttäjän kanssa.</p><p>Aloitetaan ohjelmointiin tutustuminen yksinkertaisesta komennosta <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>, joka <em>tulostaa</em> tekstiä. Tulostaminen tarkoittaa käytännössä sitä, että ohjelma näyttää tekstiä ruudulla.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa rivin \"Moi kaikki!\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun suoritamme ohjelman, se tuottaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että ohjelman koodi tulee kirjoittaa tarkalleen yllä olevalla tavalla, jotta se toimii. Esimerkiksi jos yritämme tulostaa rivin käyttämättä lainausmerkkejä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Moi kaikki!<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ohjelma ei toimi, ja seurauksena on seuraava virheilmoitus:</p><sample-output><pre>\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1\n  print(Moi kaikki!)\n                   ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre></sample-output><p>Python ei siis osaa tulkita tulostettavaa tekstiä oikein, jos se ei ole lainausmerkeissä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Hymiö\" tmcname=\"osa01-01_hymio\" height=\"300px\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa ruudulle hymiön: :-)</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"ohjelman-eteneminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ohjelman eteneminen<a href=\"#ohjelman-eteneminen\" aria-label=\"ohjelman eteneminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun kirjoitamme useita komentoja peräkkäin,\nne suoritetaan järjestyksessä ylhäältä alas.\nEsimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tervetuloa opettelemaan ohjelmointia!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aluksi harjoitellaan print-komennon käyttöä.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä ohjelma tulostaa ruudulle kolme riviä tekstiä.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit:</p><sample-output><p>Tervetuloa opettelemaan ohjelmointia!\nAluksi harjoitellaan print-komennon käyttöä.\nTämä ohjelma tulostaa ruudulle kolme riviä tekstiä.</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: seitsemän veljestä\" tmcname=\"osa01-03_korjaa_ohjelma_7_veljesta\"><p>Ohjelman tarkoitus on tulostaa seitsemän veljestä aakkosjärjestyksessä. Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin yksi tai useampi virhe, jonka takia se ei toimi oikein.\nKorjaa ohjelma niin, että veljekset tulostuvat oikeassa järjestyksessä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Simeoni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lauri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuomas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Timo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ukko Nooa\" tmcname=\"osa01-02_ukko_nooa\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit (tarkalleen annetussa muodossa välimerkkeineen):</p><sample-output><p>Ukko Nooa, Ukko Nooa oli kunnon mies.\nKun hän meni saunaan, laittoi laukun naulaan.\nUkko Nooa, Ukko Nooa oli kunnon mies.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"laskutoimitukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskutoimitukset<a href=\"#laskutoimitukset\" aria-label=\"laskutoimitukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos laitamme <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon sisälle laskutoimituksen, tulostuu ruudulle laskutoimituksen tulos. Esimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit:</p><sample-output><p>7\n9\n22</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että laskutoimituksen ympärille ei kirjoiteta lainausmerkkejä. Lainausmerkeillä merkitään <em>merkkijono</em>, joka tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan. Huomaa siis seuraavien komentojen ero:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"2 + 2 * 10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on:</p><sample-output><p>22\n2 + 2 * 10</p></sample-output><p>Jälkimmäisessä tapauksessa Python ei laske laskutoimitusta, vaan tulostaa sen ruudulle.\nMerkkijonot siis tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan riippumatta niiden sisällöstä.</p><h2 id=\"kommentit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kommentit<a href=\"#kommentit\" aria-label=\"kommentit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos rivin alussa on merkki <code class=\"language-text\">#</code>, rivi on kommentti, jolloin rivillä oleva teksti ei vaikuta ohjelman toimintaan.</p><p>Kommenttien avulla ohjelmoija voi selostaa itselleen ja muille ohjelmoijille, miten ohjelma toimii. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa kommentit selittävät käytettyä laskukaavaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># vuodessa on 365 päivää ja jokaisessa 24 tuntia</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">365</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan, kommenteissa oleva teksti ei näy mitenkään ohjelman käyttäjälle:</p><sample-output><p>Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\n8760</p></sample-output><p>Lyhyempi kommentti voi olla myös rivin lopussa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">365</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Minuutit vuodessa\" tmcname=\"osa01-04_minuuttien_maara_vuodessa\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa minuuttien määrän vuodessa. Käytä edellisen esimerkin tapaan Pythonia tekemään laskutoimitus!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ohjelma tulostaa koodia\" tmcname=\"osa01-05_ohjelma_tulostaa_koodia\"><p>Pythonissa voidaan käyttää kaksinkertaisten lainausmerkkien <code class=\"language-text\">\"</code> lisäksi myös yksinkertaista lainausmerkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">'</code>.</p><p>Tämä on kätevää, kun haluat tulostaa lainausmerkkejä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.</p></sample-output><p>Tee ohjelma, jonka tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>print(\"Moi kaikki!\")</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"4d085eeb-fee6-5087-a9b4-6749f4ea4111\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/1-ohjelmoinnin-aloittaminen","title":"Ohjelmoinnin aloittaminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/1-ohjelmoinnin-aloittaminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Lainausmerkeillä merkitään "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"merkkijono"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan. 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Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa kommentit selittävät käytettyä laskukaavaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# vuodessa on 365 päivää ja jokaisessa 24 tuntia"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"365"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun ohjelma suoritetaan, kommenteissa oleva teksti ei näy mitenkään ohjelman käyttäjälle:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\n8760"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lyhyempi kommentti voi olla myös rivin lopussa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"365"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Minuutit vuodessa","tmcname":"osa01-04_minuuttien_maara_vuodessa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa minuuttien määrän vuodessa. Käytä edellisen esimerkin tapaan Pythonia tekemään laskutoimitus!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Ohjelma tulostaa koodia","tmcname":"osa01-05_ohjelma_tulostaa_koodia"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonissa voidaan käyttää kaksinkertaisten lainausmerkkien "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]},{"type":"text","value":" lisäksi myös yksinkertaista lainausmerkkiä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"'"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä on kätevää, kun haluat tulostaa lainausmerkkejä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"'\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.'"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, jonka tulostus on seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print(\"Moi kaikki!\")"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"4d085eeb-fee6-5087-a9b4-6749f4ea4111"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet kirjoittanut ja suorittanut ensimmäisen Python-ohjelmasi</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää print-komentoa viestien tulostamiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat laskea laskuja ohjelmoimalla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tietokoneohjelmat koostuvat <em>komennoista</em> eli yksinkertaisista toimintaohjeista, joita kone suorittaa yksi kerrallaan. Komennot voivat esimerkiksi suorittaa laskutoimituksia, vertailla koneen muistissa olevia tietoja, aiheuttaa muutoksen ohjelman toimintaan tai viestiä käyttäjän kanssa.</p><p>Aloitetaan ohjelmointiin tutustuminen yksinkertaisesta komennosta <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>, joka <em>tulostaa</em> tekstiä. Tulostaminen tarkoittaa käytännössä sitä, että ohjelma näyttää tekstiä ruudulla.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa rivin \"Moi kaikki!\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun suoritamme ohjelman, se tuottaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että ohjelman koodi tulee kirjoittaa tarkalleen yllä olevalla tavalla, jotta se toimii. Esimerkiksi jos yritämme tulostaa rivin käyttämättä lainausmerkkejä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Moi kaikki!<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ohjelma ei toimi, ja seurauksena on seuraava virheilmoitus:</p><sample-output><pre>\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1\n  print(Moi kaikki!)\n                   ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre></sample-output><p>Python ei siis osaa tulkita tulostettavaa tekstiä oikein, jos se ei ole lainausmerkeissä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Hymiö\" tmcname=\"osa01-01_hymio\" height=\"300px\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa ruudulle hymiön: :-)</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"ohjelman-eteneminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ohjelman eteneminen<a href=\"#ohjelman-eteneminen\" aria-label=\"ohjelman eteneminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun kirjoitamme useita komentoja peräkkäin,\nne suoritetaan järjestyksessä ylhäältä alas.\nEsimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tervetuloa opettelemaan ohjelmointia!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aluksi harjoitellaan print-komennon käyttöä.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä ohjelma tulostaa ruudulle kolme riviä tekstiä.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit:</p><sample-output><p>Tervetuloa opettelemaan ohjelmointia!\nAluksi harjoitellaan print-komennon käyttöä.\nTämä ohjelma tulostaa ruudulle kolme riviä tekstiä.</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: seitsemän veljestä\" tmcname=\"osa01-03_korjaa_ohjelma_7_veljesta\"><p>Ohjelman tarkoitus on tulostaa seitsemän veljestä aakkosjärjestyksessä. Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin yksi tai useampi virhe, jonka takia se ei toimi oikein.\nKorjaa ohjelma niin, että veljekset tulostuvat oikeassa järjestyksessä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Simeoni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lauri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuomas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Timo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ukko Nooa\" tmcname=\"osa01-02_ukko_nooa\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit (tarkalleen annetussa muodossa välimerkkeineen):</p><sample-output><p>Ukko Nooa, Ukko Nooa oli kunnon mies.\nKun hän meni saunaan, laittoi laukun naulaan.\nUkko Nooa, Ukko Nooa oli kunnon mies.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"laskutoimitukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskutoimitukset<a href=\"#laskutoimitukset\" aria-label=\"laskutoimitukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos laitamme <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon sisälle laskutoimituksen, tulostuu ruudulle laskutoimituksen tulos. Esimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa ruudulle seuraavat rivit:</p><sample-output><p>7\n9\n22</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että laskutoimituksen ympärille ei kirjoiteta lainausmerkkejä. Lainausmerkeillä merkitään <em>merkkijono</em>, joka tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan. Huomaa siis seuraavien komentojen ero:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"2 + 2 * 10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on:</p><sample-output><p>22\n2 + 2 * 10</p></sample-output><p>Jälkimmäisessä tapauksessa Python ei laske laskutoimitusta, vaan tulostaa sen ruudulle.\nMerkkijonot siis tulostetaan ruudulle sellaisenaan riippumatta niiden sisällöstä.</p><h2 id=\"kommentit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kommentit<a href=\"#kommentit\" aria-label=\"kommentit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos rivin alussa on merkki <code class=\"language-text\">#</code>, rivi on kommentti, jolloin rivillä oleva teksti ei vaikuta ohjelman toimintaan.</p><p>Kommenttien avulla ohjelmoija voi selostaa itselleen ja muille ohjelmoijille, miten ohjelma toimii. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa kommentit selittävät käytettyä laskukaavaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># vuodessa on 365 päivää ja jokaisessa 24 tuntia</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">365</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan, kommenteissa oleva teksti ei näy mitenkään ohjelman käyttäjälle:</p><sample-output><p>Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\n8760</p></sample-output><p>Lyhyempi kommentti voi olla myös rivin lopussa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntien määrä vuodessa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">365</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 365 päivää, 24 tuntia päivässä</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Minuutit vuodessa\" tmcname=\"osa01-04_minuuttien_maara_vuodessa\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa minuuttien määrän vuodessa. Käytä edellisen esimerkin tapaan Pythonia tekemään laskutoimitus!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ohjelma tulostaa koodia\" tmcname=\"osa01-05_ohjelma_tulostaa_koodia\"><p>Pythonissa voidaan käyttää kaksinkertaisten lainausmerkkien <code class=\"language-text\">\"</code> lisäksi myös yksinkertaista lainausmerkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">'</code>.</p><p>Tämä on kätevää, kun haluat tulostaa lainausmerkkejä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>\"Heti takaisin!\", poliisi huusi.</p></sample-output><p>Tee ohjelma, jonka tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>print(\"Moi 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diff --git a/page-data/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta/page-data.json b/page-data/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta/page-data.json
index 583043a51..372b89164 100644
--- a/page-data/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta/page-data.json
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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonpolku 10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna uusi osoite: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmoijanraitti 230"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsoite on nyt Ohjelmoijanraitti 230"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Nimi ja osoite","tmcname":"osa01-08_nimi_ja_osoite"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja osoitetta. Ohjelma tulostaa syötetyt tiedot."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Etunimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sanna"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSukunimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seppänen"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKatuosoite: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mannerheimintie 10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPostinumero ja kaupunki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"00100 Helsinki"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanna Seppänen\nMannerheimintie 10\n00100 Helsinki"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":" Korjaa ohjelma: Lausahdukset","tmcname":"osa01-09_korjaa_ohjelma_lausahdukset"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu ohjelma, jonka pitäisi kysyä käyttäjältä kolme lausahdusta ja tulostaa ne esimerkin mukaisesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"entten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tentten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 3. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"teelikamentten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nentten-tentten-teelikamentten!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi oikein. Korjaa ohjelma."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Tarina","tmcname":"osa01-10_tarina"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa oheisen tarinan, johon on upotettu käyttäjän antama nimi ja vuosi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna nimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Maija"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna vuosi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1572"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Maija on urhea ritari, syntynyt vuonna 1572. Eräänä aamuna Maija heräsi kovaan meluun: lohikäärme lähestyi kylää. Vain Maija voisi pelastaa kylän asukkaat."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tarinan tulee muuttua sen mukaan, mitkä tiedot käyttäjä antaa."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"260a58a9-a12e-5a55-835b-26cfac247f57"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa ohjelman, joka lukee tietoa käyttäjältä</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää muuttujaa syötteen lukemisessa ja tulostamisessa</li>\n<li>Osaat yhdistää merkkijonoja toisiinsa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p><em>Syöte</em> tarkoittaa tietoa, jonka ohjelman käyttäjä antaa ohjelmalle. Pythonissa voimme lukea rivin käyttäjän antamaa syötettä <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla. Komento näyttää samalla viestin käyttäjälle, jossa voi pyytää syötettä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma lukee käyttäjän nimen <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla ja\ntulostaa ruudulle tervehdyksen <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi vaan, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voisi näyttää esimerkiksi seuraavalta (käyttäjän kirjoittama syöte on merkitty punaisella):</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka Python</strong>\nMoi vaan, Pekka Python</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelman tulostama teksti riippuu siis osittain käyttäjän syötteestä. Niinpä ohjelman suoritus voisi näyttää myös tältä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Outi Ohjelmoija</strong>\nMoi vaan, Outi Ohjelmoija</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa esiintyvä sana <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on <em>muuttuja</em>. Muuttujalla tarkoitetaan ohjelmoinnissa paikkaa, johon voidaan tallentaa jokin <em>arvo</em> kuten merkkijono tai lukuarvo. Tämä arvo voidaan myöhemmin lukea tai sitä voidaan muuttaa.</p><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Muuttujan nimen valinta\"><p>Muuttujat voi periaatteessa ohjelmissa nimetä vapaasti, tiettyjä Python-kielen asettamia rajoituksia noudattaen.</p><p>Tällä kurssilla muuttujat ja muut vastaavat ohjelmien osat nimetään suomeksi.\nOhjelmoinnissa käytetään kuitenkin yleisesti kielenä englantia – jos etsit Googlen avulla ohjelmointiesimerkkejä, kielenä on usein englanti.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi kahdesti\" tmcname=\"osa01-06_nimi_kahdesti\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa nimen kahteen kertaan peräkkäisille riveille.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\nPekka\nPekka</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"muuttujaan-viittaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujaan viittaaminen<a href=\"#muuttujaan-viittaaminen\" aria-label=\"muuttujaan viittaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuttujaan voidaan viitata ohjelmassa useasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" on aika kiva nimi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus, kun käyttäjä antaa nimen <code class=\"language-text\">Pauli Python</code>:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pauli Python</strong>\nMoi, Pauli Python!\nPauli Python on aika kiva nimi.</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaanpa tulostuskomentoja vähän tarkemmin: <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolle annetaan merkkijono, johon on yhdistetty valmista tekstiä ja käyttäjän syöte. Nämä on yhdistetty toisiinsa <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorilla,\njoka yhdistää kaksi merkkijonoa yhdeksi uudeksi merkkijonoksi.</p><p>Merkkijonoja voidaan yhdistää muuttujien arvoihin vapaasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"! Varmistan vielä: nimesi on siis \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus, kun käyttäjä antaa nimen <code class=\"language-text\">Erkki Esimerkki</code>:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Erkki Esimerkki</strong>\nMoi Erkki Esimerkki! Varmistan vielä: nimesi on siis Erkki Esimerkki?</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimet huutomerkillä\" tmcname=\"osa01-07_nimi_ja_huutomerkit\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa nimen kaksi kertaa samalle riville siten, että rivin alussa lopussa sekä nimien välissä on huutomerkki.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\n!Pekka!Pekka!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"useampi-kuin-yksi-syote\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useampi kuin yksi syöte<a href=\"#useampi-kuin-yksi-syote\" aria-label=\"useampi kuin yksi syote permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelmassa voi lukea useamman eri syötteen. Huomaa, että jokainen <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennon kysymä merkkijono tallennetaan eri muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sähköpostiosoitteesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlempinimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lempinimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Varmistetaan vielä, että tiedot menivät oikein\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköpostiosoitteesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lempinimesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki ohjelman suorituksesta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Keijo Keksitty</strong>\nAnna sähköpostiosoitteesi: <strong><a href=\"mailto:keijo99@example.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">keijo99@example.com</a></strong>\nAnna lempinimesi: <strong>Keke</strong>\nVarmistetaan vielä, että tiedot menivät oikein\nNimesi: Keijo Keksitty\nSähköpostiosoitteesi: <a href=\"mailto:keijo99@example.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">keijo99@example.com</a>\nLempinimesi: Keke</p></sample-output><p>Jos samaan muuttujaan luetaan syöte useamman kerran, uusi arvo ylikirjoittaa aina edellisen. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Asut siis osoitteessa \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nosoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna uusi osoite: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osoite on nyt \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on osoitteesi? <strong>Pythonpolku 1 A 10</strong>\nAsut siis osoitteessa Pythonpolku 1 A 10\nAnna uusi osoite: <strong>Uusikatu 999</strong>\nOsoite on nyt Uusikatu 999</p></sample-output><p>Jos samaan muuttujaan luetaan kaksi syötettä peräkkäin, ei ensimmäisenä syötettyyn arvoon siis pääse enää käsiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nosoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna uusi osoite: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osoite on nyt \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on osoitteesi? <strong>Pythonpolku 10</strong>\nAnna uusi osoite: <strong>Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</strong>\nOsoite on nyt Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi ja osoite\" tmcname=\"osa01-08_nimi_ja_osoite\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja osoitetta. Ohjelma tulostaa syötetyt tiedot.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Etunimi: <strong>Sanna</strong>\nSukunimi: <strong>Seppänen</strong>\nKatuosoite: <strong>Mannerheimintie 10</strong>\nPostinumero ja kaupunki: <strong>00100 Helsinki</strong>\nSanna Seppänen\nMannerheimintie 10\n00100 Helsinki</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\" Korjaa ohjelma: Lausahdukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-09_korjaa_ohjelma_lausahdukset\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu ohjelma, jonka pitäisi kysyä käyttäjältä kolme lausahdusta ja tulostaa ne esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. osa: <strong>entten</strong>\nAnna 2. osa: <strong>tentten</strong>\nAnna 3. osa: <strong>teelikamentten</strong>\nentten-tentten-teelikamentten!</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi oikein. Korjaa ohjelma.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tarina\" tmcname=\"osa01-10_tarina\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa oheisen tarinan, johon on upotettu käyttäjän antama nimi ja vuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimi: <strong>Maija</strong>\nAnna vuosi: <strong>1572</strong></p><p>Maija on urhea ritari, syntynyt vuonna 1572. Eräänä aamuna Maija heräsi kovaan meluun: lohikäärme lähestyi kylää. Vain Maija voisi pelastaa kylän asukkaat.</p></sample-output><p>Tarinan tulee muuttua sen mukaan, mitkä tiedot käyttäjä antaa.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"260a58a9-a12e-5a55-835b-26cfac247f57\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta","title":"Tietoa käyttäjältä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Esimerkiksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osoite "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Asut siis osoitteessa \""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osoite"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nosoite "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Anna uusi osoite: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Osoite on nyt \""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osoite"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuoritus:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mikä on osoitteesi? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonpolku 1 A 10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAsut siis osoitteessa Pythonpolku 1 A 10\nAnna uusi osoite: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Uusikatu 999"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsoite on nyt Uusikatu 999"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos samaan muuttujaan luetaan kaksi syötettä peräkkäin, ei ensimmäisenä syötettyyn arvoon siis pääse enää käsiksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osoite "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nosoite "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Anna uusi osoite: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Osoite on nyt \""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osoite"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuoritus:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mikä on osoitteesi? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonpolku 10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna uusi osoite: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmoijanraitti 230"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsoite on nyt Ohjelmoijanraitti 230"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Nimi ja osoite","tmcname":"osa01-08_nimi_ja_osoite"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja osoitetta. Ohjelma tulostaa syötetyt tiedot."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Etunimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sanna"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSukunimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seppänen"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKatuosoite: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mannerheimintie 10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPostinumero ja kaupunki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"00100 Helsinki"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanna Seppänen\nMannerheimintie 10\n00100 Helsinki"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":" Korjaa ohjelma: Lausahdukset","tmcname":"osa01-09_korjaa_ohjelma_lausahdukset"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu ohjelma, jonka pitäisi kysyä käyttäjältä kolme lausahdusta ja tulostaa ne esimerkin mukaisesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"entten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tentten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 3. osa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"teelikamentten"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nentten-tentten-teelikamentten!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi oikein. Korjaa ohjelma."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Tarina","tmcname":"osa01-10_tarina"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa oheisen tarinan, johon on upotettu käyttäjän antama nimi ja vuosi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna nimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Maija"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna vuosi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1572"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Maija on urhea ritari, syntynyt vuonna 1572. Eräänä aamuna Maija heräsi kovaan meluun: lohikäärme lähestyi kylää. Vain Maija voisi pelastaa kylän asukkaat."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tarinan tulee muuttua sen mukaan, mitkä tiedot käyttäjä antaa."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"260a58a9-a12e-5a55-835b-26cfac247f57"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa ohjelman, joka lukee tietoa käyttäjältä</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää muuttujaa syötteen lukemisessa ja tulostamisessa</li>\n<li>Osaat yhdistää merkkijonoja toisiinsa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p><em>Syöte</em> tarkoittaa tietoa, jonka ohjelman käyttäjä antaa ohjelmalle. Pythonissa voimme lukea rivin käyttäjän antamaa syötettä <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla. Komento näyttää samalla viestin käyttäjälle, jossa voi pyytää syötettä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma lukee käyttäjän nimen <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla ja\ntulostaa ruudulle tervehdyksen <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi vaan, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voisi näyttää esimerkiksi seuraavalta (käyttäjän kirjoittama syöte on merkitty punaisella):</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka Python</strong>\nMoi vaan, Pekka Python</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelman tulostama teksti riippuu siis osittain käyttäjän syötteestä. Niinpä ohjelman suoritus voisi näyttää myös tältä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Outi Ohjelmoija</strong>\nMoi vaan, Outi Ohjelmoija</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa esiintyvä sana <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on <em>muuttuja</em>. Muuttujalla tarkoitetaan ohjelmoinnissa paikkaa, johon voidaan tallentaa jokin <em>arvo</em> kuten merkkijono tai lukuarvo. Tämä arvo voidaan myöhemmin lukea tai sitä voidaan muuttaa.</p><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Muuttujan nimen valinta\"><p>Muuttujat voi periaatteessa ohjelmissa nimetä vapaasti, tiettyjä Python-kielen asettamia rajoituksia noudattaen.</p><p>Tällä kurssilla muuttujat ja muut vastaavat ohjelmien osat nimetään suomeksi.\nOhjelmoinnissa käytetään kuitenkin yleisesti kielenä englantia – jos etsit Googlen avulla ohjelmointiesimerkkejä, kielenä on usein englanti.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi kahdesti\" tmcname=\"osa01-06_nimi_kahdesti\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa nimen kahteen kertaan peräkkäisille riveille.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\nPekka\nPekka</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"muuttujaan-viittaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujaan viittaaminen<a href=\"#muuttujaan-viittaaminen\" aria-label=\"muuttujaan viittaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuttujaan voidaan viitata ohjelmassa useasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" on aika kiva nimi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus, kun käyttäjä antaa nimen <code class=\"language-text\">Pauli Python</code>:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pauli Python</strong>\nMoi, Pauli Python!\nPauli Python on aika kiva nimi.</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaanpa tulostuskomentoja vähän tarkemmin: <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolle annetaan merkkijono, johon on yhdistetty valmista tekstiä ja käyttäjän syöte. Nämä on yhdistetty toisiinsa <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorilla,\njoka yhdistää kaksi merkkijonoa yhdeksi uudeksi merkkijonoksi.</p><p>Merkkijonoja voidaan yhdistää muuttujien arvoihin vapaasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"! Varmistan vielä: nimesi on siis \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus, kun käyttäjä antaa nimen <code class=\"language-text\">Erkki Esimerkki</code>:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Erkki Esimerkki</strong>\nMoi Erkki Esimerkki! Varmistan vielä: nimesi on siis Erkki Esimerkki?</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimet huutomerkillä\" tmcname=\"osa01-07_nimi_ja_huutomerkit\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa nimen kaksi kertaa samalle riville siten, että rivin alussa lopussa sekä nimien välissä on huutomerkki.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\n!Pekka!Pekka!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"useampi-kuin-yksi-syote\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useampi kuin yksi syöte<a href=\"#useampi-kuin-yksi-syote\" aria-label=\"useampi kuin yksi syote permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelmassa voi lukea useamman eri syötteen. Huomaa, että jokainen <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennon kysymä merkkijono tallennetaan eri muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sähköpostiosoitteesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlempinimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lempinimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Varmistetaan vielä, että tiedot menivät oikein\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköpostiosoitteesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lempinimesi: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki ohjelman suorituksesta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Keijo Keksitty</strong>\nAnna sähköpostiosoitteesi: <strong><a href=\"mailto:keijo99@example.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">keijo99@example.com</a></strong>\nAnna lempinimesi: <strong>Keke</strong>\nVarmistetaan vielä, että tiedot menivät oikein\nNimesi: Keijo Keksitty\nSähköpostiosoitteesi: <a href=\"mailto:keijo99@example.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">keijo99@example.com</a>\nLempinimesi: Keke</p></sample-output><p>Jos samaan muuttujaan luetaan syöte useamman kerran, uusi arvo ylikirjoittaa aina edellisen. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Asut siis osoitteessa \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nosoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna uusi osoite: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osoite on nyt \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on osoitteesi? <strong>Pythonpolku 1 A 10</strong>\nAsut siis osoitteessa Pythonpolku 1 A 10\nAnna uusi osoite: <strong>Uusikatu 999</strong>\nOsoite on nyt Uusikatu 999</p></sample-output><p>Jos samaan muuttujaan luetaan kaksi syötettä peräkkäin, ei ensimmäisenä syötettyyn arvoon siis pääse enää käsiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on osoitteesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nosoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna uusi osoite: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osoite on nyt \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on osoitteesi? <strong>Pythonpolku 10</strong>\nAnna uusi osoite: <strong>Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</strong>\nOsoite on nyt Ohjelmoijanraitti 230</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi ja osoite\" tmcname=\"osa01-08_nimi_ja_osoite\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä ja osoitetta. Ohjelma tulostaa syötetyt tiedot.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Etunimi: <strong>Sanna</strong>\nSukunimi: <strong>Seppänen</strong>\nKatuosoite: <strong>Mannerheimintie 10</strong>\nPostinumero ja kaupunki: <strong>00100 Helsinki</strong>\nSanna Seppänen\nMannerheimintie 10\n00100 Helsinki</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\" Korjaa ohjelma: Lausahdukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-09_korjaa_ohjelma_lausahdukset\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu ohjelma, jonka pitäisi kysyä käyttäjältä kolme lausahdusta ja tulostaa ne esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. osa: <strong>entten</strong>\nAnna 2. osa: <strong>tentten</strong>\nAnna 3. osa: <strong>teelikamentten</strong>\nentten-tentten-teelikamentten!</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi oikein. Korjaa ohjelma.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tarina\" tmcname=\"osa01-10_tarina\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa oheisen tarinan, johon on upotettu käyttäjän antama nimi ja vuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimi: <strong>Maija</strong>\nAnna vuosi: <strong>1572</strong></p><p>Maija on urhea ritari, syntynyt vuonna 1572. Eräänä aamuna Maija heräsi kovaan meluun: lohikäärme lähestyi kylää. Vain Maija voisi pelastaa kylän asukkaat.</p></sample-output><p>Tarinan tulee muuttua sen mukaan, mitkä tiedot käyttäjä antaa.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"260a58a9-a12e-5a55-835b-26cfac247f57\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta","title":"Tietoa käyttäjältä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\" 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liukulukujen eron</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Vastaa seuraavaan kyselyyn ennen osion aloittamista. Saat vastaamisesta yhden tehtäväpisteen.</p><div><quiz id=\"6a4ceb56-be87-5007-add2-1f28fad7bdfc\"></quiz></div><p>Muuttujia tarvitaan ohjelmissa moniin tarkoituksiin. Voimme tallentaa muuttujiin mitä tahansa sellaista tietoa, jota tarvitaan ohjelmassa myöhemmin.</p><p>Muuttuja luodaan Pythonissa seuraavasti:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">muuttujan_nimi = ...</code></p><p>Tässä <code class=\"language-text\">...</code> tarkoittaa arvoa, joka tallennetaan muuttujaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun luemme <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla merkkijonon käyttäjältä, sijoitamme merkkijonon muuttujaan, jotta voimme käyttää sitä myöhemmin ohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Kummitus</strong>\nMoi, Kummitus</p></sample-output><p>Muuttujille voidaan antaa arvoja myös esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">etunimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nsukunimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonen\"</span>\n\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etunimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> sukunimi\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Pythonen</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa muuttujan arvo ei tule käyttäjältä vaan se on sama ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla.</p><h2 id=\"muuttujan-arvon-muuttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujan arvon muuttaminen<a href=\"#muuttujan-arvon-muuttaminen\" aria-label=\"muuttujan arvon muuttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuttujan arvo voi nimensä mukaisesti muuttua. Niin kuin edellisessä osassa todettiin, uusi arvo ylikirjoittaa vanhan arvon.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> saa kolme eri arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna toinen sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>eka</strong>\neka\nAnna toinen sana: <strong>toka</strong>\ntoka\nkolmas</p></sample-output><p>Muuttujan sisältö siis vaihtuu jokaisen sijoituksen yhteydessä.</p><p>Muuttujan uusi arvo voi myös perustua sen vanhaan arvoon. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> saa ensin arvoksi käyttäjän syötteen. Tämän jälkeen muuttuja saa arvoksi vanhan arvonsa, jonka perään on lisätty kolme huutomerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!!!\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>testi</strong>\ntesti\ntesti!!!</p></sample-output><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Lisää muuttujan nimen valinnasta\"><ul>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttujat kannattaa nimetä niiden käyttötarkoituksen mukaan.\nEsimerkiksi jos muuttujassa on sana, nimi <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> on parempi kuin <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Python ei rajoita muuttujien nimien pituutta, mutta eräitä muita sääntöjä muuttujien nimiin liittyy. Nimen täytyy alkaa kirjaimella ja se saa sisältää vain kirjaimia, numeroita ja alaviivoja _.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Huomaa myös, että pienet ja isot kirjaimet ovat eri merkkejä. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on siis eri muuttuja kuin <code class=\"language-text\">Nimi</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">NIMI</code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Pythonissa muuttujien nimet on tapana kirjoittaa pienillä kirjaimilla. Jos nimessä on useita sanoja, niiden välissä on alaviiva.</p>\n</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"kokonaisluvut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kokonaisluvut<a href=\"#kokonaisluvut\" aria-label=\"kokonaisluvut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tähän mennessä olemme tallentaneet muuttujiin vain merkkijonoja. Usein ohjelmissa halutaan kuitenkin tallentaa myös muun tyyppistä tietoa. Tarkastellaan aluksi kokonaislukuja.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code>, jonka sisältönä on kokonaisluku.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>24</p></sample-output><p>Kokonaisluvun ympärille ei kirjoiteta lainausmerkkejä. Itse asiassa luvun ympärille kirjoitettavat lainausmerkit tarkoittavat, että kyseessä ei ole luku vaan merkkijono (joka tosin saattaa sisältää numeroita).</p><p>Mitä eroa muuttujan tyypeillä siis on, kun seuraava ohjelma tulostaa samat arvot?</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"100\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n100</p></sample-output><p>Tyypeillä on merkitystä, koska\nerilaiset operaatiot vaikuttavat eri tavalla erityyppisiin muuttujiin. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"100\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>200\n100100</p></sample-output><p>Kahdelle lukuarvolle <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattori siis merkitsee yhteenlaskua, merkkijonoille taas yhdistämistä peräkkäin.</p><h2 id=\"arvojen-yhdistaminen-tulostettaessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvojen yhdistäminen tulostettaessa<a href=\"#arvojen-yhdistaminen-tulostettaessa\" aria-label=\"arvojen yhdistaminen tulostettaessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma ei toimi, koska <code class=\"language-text\">\"Tulos on \"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> ovat erityypisiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># seuraava rivi tuottaa virheen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma ei tulosta mitään, vaan antaa virheen</p><sample-output><p>TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'str' and 'int'</p></sample-output><p>Python kertoo, ettei kahden erityyppisen arvon yhdistäminen toimi. Tässä tapauksessa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">\"Tulos on\"</code> tyyppi on merkkijono ja arvon <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> tyyppi on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Jos haluamme tulostaa yhdellä komennolla merkkijonon ja luvun, yhdistäminen onnistuu kuitenkin muuttamalla luku merkkijonoksi <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiolla. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää pilkkua <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa. Tällöin komento tulostaa kaikki pilkuilla erotetut arvot riippumatta niiden tyypistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että tässä tapauksessa arvojen väliin ilmestyy automaattisesti yksi välilyönti tulostuksessa.</p><h2 id=\"tulostaminen-f-merkkijonojen-avulla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tulostaminen f-merkkijonojen avulla<a href=\"#tulostaminen-f-merkkijonojen-avulla\" aria-label=\"tulostaminen f merkkijonojen avulla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Niin sanotut <em>f-merkkijonot</em> tarjoavat kolmannen edellisiä joustavamman ja jopa helppokäyttöisemmän tavan tulostuksen muotoiluun.</p><p>Aiempi tekstin ja kokonaisluvun tulostava esimerkki tehtäisiin f-merkkijonojen avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Tulos on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostettavan merkkijonon alussa on kirjain <em>f</em>, joka tarkoittaa, että kyseessä on f-merkkijono. Merkkijonon sisälle on sijoitettu aaltosuluissa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code>, jonka arvo tulee tulostuvan merkkijonon osaksi. Tulostus on täsmälleen sama kuin aiemmissa esimerkeissä eli</p><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Yksittäisen f-merkkijonon sisälle on mahdollista laittaa useampiakin muuttujia. Esimerkiksi koodi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Espoo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, olet </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">.\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tuottaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Arto, olet 39-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on Espoo.</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että täsmälleen tämän esimerkin kaltaista tulostusta on mahdotonta saada aikaan käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa pilkkua:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Espoo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", olet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Arto , olet 39 -vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on Espoo .</p></sample-output><p>Tulostuksessa on nyt välilyönti jokaisen erillisen osan välissä ja muutamassa kohdassa se aiheuttaa ongelman.</p><p>Vaikka pilkullinen muoto <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennosta on joskus kätevä, se aiheuttaa välillä harmaita hiuksia ja silloin on parempi käyttää f-merkkijonoja. Osassa 4 opimme lisää f-merkkijonojen käteviä ominaisuuksia tulosteen muotoilussa.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Välilyönnillä vai ilman\" tmcname=\"osa01-10b_valilyonnilla_vai_ilman\" height=400px><p>Saat seuraavan koodinpätkän työnhakijoille suunnatun sovelluksen parissa työskentelevältä tuttavaltasi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Teppo Testaaja\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\ntaito1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span>\ntaso1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aloittelija\"</span>\ntaito2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"java\"</span>\ntaso2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"veteraani\"</span>\ntaito3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span>\ntaso3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"puoliammattilainen\"</span>\nala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\nyla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3000</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimeni on \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" , olen \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-vuotias\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"taitoihini kuuluvat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\")\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\")\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" )\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"haen työtä, josta maksetaan palkkaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yla<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"euroa kuussa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin pitäisi tuottaa <em>täsmälleen</em> seuraavanlainen tulostus:</p><sample-output><pre>\nnimeni on Teppo Testaaja, olen 20-vuotias\n\ntaitoihini kuuluvat\n - python (aloittelija)\n - java (veteraani)\n - ohjelmointi (puoliammattilainen)\n\nhaen työtä, josta maksetaan palkkaa 2000-3000 euroa kuussa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Koodi toimii melkein oikein, mutta ei kuitenkaan ihan. Tässä tehtävässä on todella tarkat testit, jotka vaativat, että tulostus on välilyönnilleen oikein.</p><p>Korjaa siis koodi siten, että tulostus näyttää oikealta. Huomaa, että erityisesti <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon muoto, jossa tulostettavat osat eritellään pilkulla, voi tuottaa yllätyksiä, sillä se lisää osien väliin välilyönnin.</p><p>Helpoiten saat muutettua koodin toimivaksi käyttämällä tulostukseen f-merkkijonoja.</p><p>Vihje: saat tulostettua tyhjän rivin komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> tai lisäämällä tulostettavaan merkkijonoon merkinnän <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>.</p><p>Muista olla tarkkana tulostusten muodon suhteen jatkossakin kurssin tehtävissä. Osassa tehtävissä testit vaativat täsmälleen esimerkkitulostusten mukaisen muotoilun.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"liukuluvut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Liukuluvut<a href=\"#liukuluvut\" aria-label=\"liukuluvut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><code class=\"language-text\">Liukuluku</code> on ohjelmoinnissa esiintyvä termi, joka tarkoittaa käytännössä desimaalilukua. Liukulukuja voidaan käyttää melko samalla tavalla kuin kokonaislukuja. Huomaa, että desimaalierottimena käytetään pistettä kuten englannissa yleensä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma laskee kolmen liukuluvun keskiarvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.5</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1.25</span>\nluku3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.62</span>\n\nkeskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Keskiarvo: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Keskiarvo: 1.6233333333333333</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Laskutoimitukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-11_laskutoimitukset\"><p>Ohjelman tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty kaksi kokonaislukumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">27</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span></code></pre></div><p>Täydennä ohjelma siten, että sen tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>27 + 15 = 42\n27 - 15 = 12\n27 * 15 = 405\n27 / 15 = 1.8</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia siinäkin tapauksessa, että muuttujien arvoa vaihdetaan. Eli jos ensimmäiset rivit muuttuvat muotoon</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>niin tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>4 + 9 = 13\n4 - 9 = -5\n4 * 9 = 36\n4 / 9 = 0.4444444444444444</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Tulostukset samalle riville\" tmcname=\"osa01-12_korjaa_ohjelma_tulostukset_samalle_riville\"><p>Jos <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolle annetaan lisäparametri <code class=\"language-text\">end = \"\"</code>, komento ei tulosta rivinvaihtoa merkkijonon jälkeen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelma niin, että koko lasku tuloksineen tulostetaan yhdelle riville muuttamatta kuitenkaan <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentojen määrää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" + \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" - \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" = \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"7322e73e-d6c5-5490-af97-ec69c45e720b\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/3-lisaa-muuttujista","title":"Lisää muuttujista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/3-lisaa-muuttujista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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Voimme tallentaa muuttujiin mitä tahansa sellaista tietoa, jota tarvitaan ohjelmassa myöhemmin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muuttuja luodaan Pythonissa seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"muuttujan_nimi = ..."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"..."}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarkoittaa arvoa, joka tallennetaan muuttujaan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi kun luemme "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-komennolla 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liukulukujen eron</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Vastaa seuraavaan kyselyyn ennen osion aloittamista. Saat vastaamisesta yhden tehtäväpisteen.</p><div><quiz id=\"6a4ceb56-be87-5007-add2-1f28fad7bdfc\"></quiz></div><p>Muuttujia tarvitaan ohjelmissa moniin tarkoituksiin. Voimme tallentaa muuttujiin mitä tahansa sellaista tietoa, jota tarvitaan ohjelmassa myöhemmin.</p><p>Muuttuja luodaan Pythonissa seuraavasti:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">muuttujan_nimi = ...</code></p><p>Tässä <code class=\"language-text\">...</code> tarkoittaa arvoa, joka tallennetaan muuttujaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun luemme <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komennolla merkkijonon käyttäjältä, sijoitamme merkkijonon muuttujaan, jotta voimme käyttää sitä myöhemmin ohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi, \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Kummitus</strong>\nMoi, Kummitus</p></sample-output><p>Muuttujille voidaan antaa arvoja myös esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">etunimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nsukunimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonen\"</span>\n\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etunimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> sukunimi\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Pythonen</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa muuttujan arvo ei tule käyttäjältä vaan se on sama ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla.</p><h2 id=\"muuttujan-arvon-muuttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujan arvon muuttaminen<a href=\"#muuttujan-arvon-muuttaminen\" aria-label=\"muuttujan arvon muuttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuttujan arvo voi nimensä mukaisesti muuttua. Niin kuin edellisessä osassa todettiin, uusi arvo ylikirjoittaa vanhan arvon.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> saa kolme eri arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna toinen sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>eka</strong>\neka\nAnna toinen sana: <strong>toka</strong>\ntoka\nkolmas</p></sample-output><p>Muuttujan sisältö siis vaihtuu jokaisen sijoituksen yhteydessä.</p><p>Muuttujan uusi arvo voi myös perustua sen vanhaan arvoon. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> saa ensin arvoksi käyttäjän syötteen. Tämän jälkeen muuttuja saa arvoksi vanhan arvonsa, jonka perään on lisätty kolme huutomerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!!!\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>testi</strong>\ntesti\ntesti!!!</p></sample-output><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Lisää muuttujan nimen valinnasta\"><ul>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttujat kannattaa nimetä niiden käyttötarkoituksen mukaan.\nEsimerkiksi jos muuttujassa on sana, nimi <code class=\"language-text\">sana</code> on parempi kuin <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Python ei rajoita muuttujien nimien pituutta, mutta eräitä muita sääntöjä muuttujien nimiin liittyy. Nimen täytyy alkaa kirjaimella ja se saa sisältää vain kirjaimia, numeroita ja alaviivoja _.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Huomaa myös, että pienet ja isot kirjaimet ovat eri merkkejä. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on siis eri muuttuja kuin <code class=\"language-text\">Nimi</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">NIMI</code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Pythonissa muuttujien nimet on tapana kirjoittaa pienillä kirjaimilla. Jos nimessä on useita sanoja, niiden välissä on alaviiva.</p>\n</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"kokonaisluvut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kokonaisluvut<a href=\"#kokonaisluvut\" aria-label=\"kokonaisluvut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tähän mennessä olemme tallentaneet muuttujiin vain merkkijonoja. Usein ohjelmissa halutaan kuitenkin tallentaa myös muun tyyppistä tietoa. Tarkastellaan aluksi kokonaislukuja.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code>, jonka sisältönä on kokonaisluku.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>24</p></sample-output><p>Kokonaisluvun ympärille ei kirjoiteta lainausmerkkejä. Itse asiassa luvun ympärille kirjoitettavat lainausmerkit tarkoittavat, että kyseessä ei ole luku vaan merkkijono (joka tosin saattaa sisältää numeroita).</p><p>Mitä eroa muuttujan tyypeillä siis on, kun seuraava ohjelma tulostaa samat arvot?</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"100\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n100</p></sample-output><p>Tyypeillä on merkitystä, koska\nerilaiset operaatiot vaikuttavat eri tavalla erityyppisiin muuttujiin. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"100\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>200\n100100</p></sample-output><p>Kahdelle lukuarvolle <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattori siis merkitsee yhteenlaskua, merkkijonoille taas yhdistämistä peräkkäin.</p><h2 id=\"arvojen-yhdistaminen-tulostettaessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvojen yhdistäminen tulostettaessa<a href=\"#arvojen-yhdistaminen-tulostettaessa\" aria-label=\"arvojen yhdistaminen tulostettaessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma ei toimi, koska <code class=\"language-text\">\"Tulos on \"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> ovat erityypisiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># seuraava rivi tuottaa virheen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma ei tulosta mitään, vaan antaa virheen</p><sample-output><p>TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'str' and 'int'</p></sample-output><p>Python kertoo, ettei kahden erityyppisen arvon yhdistäminen toimi. Tässä tapauksessa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">\"Tulos on\"</code> tyyppi on merkkijono ja arvon <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> tyyppi on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Jos haluamme tulostaa yhdellä komennolla merkkijonon ja luvun, yhdistäminen onnistuu kuitenkin muuttamalla luku merkkijonoksi <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiolla. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää pilkkua <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa. Tällöin komento tulostaa kaikki pilkuilla erotetut arvot riippumatta niiden tyypistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tulos on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että tässä tapauksessa arvojen väliin ilmestyy automaattisesti yksi välilyönti tulostuksessa.</p><h2 id=\"tulostaminen-f-merkkijonojen-avulla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tulostaminen f-merkkijonojen avulla<a href=\"#tulostaminen-f-merkkijonojen-avulla\" aria-label=\"tulostaminen f merkkijonojen avulla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Niin sanotut <em>f-merkkijonot</em> tarjoavat kolmannen edellisiä joustavamman ja jopa helppokäyttöisemmän tavan tulostuksen muotoiluun.</p><p>Aiempi tekstin ja kokonaisluvun tulostava esimerkki tehtäisiin f-merkkijonojen avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Tulos on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostettavan merkkijonon alussa on kirjain <em>f</em>, joka tarkoittaa, että kyseessä on f-merkkijono. Merkkijonon sisälle on sijoitettu aaltosuluissa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code>, jonka arvo tulee tulostuvan merkkijonon osaksi. Tulostus on täsmälleen sama kuin aiemmissa esimerkeissä eli</p><sample-output><p>Tulos on 250</p></sample-output><p>Yksittäisen f-merkkijonon sisälle on mahdollista laittaa useampiakin muuttujia. Esimerkiksi koodi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Espoo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, olet </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">.\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tuottaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Arto, olet 39-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on Espoo.</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että täsmälleen tämän esimerkin kaltaista tulostusta on mahdotonta saada aikaan käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa pilkkua:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Espoo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", olet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Arto , olet 39 -vuotias. Asuinpaikkasi on Espoo .</p></sample-output><p>Tulostuksessa on nyt välilyönti jokaisen erillisen osan välissä ja muutamassa kohdassa se aiheuttaa ongelman.</p><p>Vaikka pilkullinen muoto <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennosta on joskus kätevä, se aiheuttaa välillä harmaita hiuksia ja silloin on parempi käyttää f-merkkijonoja. Osassa 4 opimme lisää f-merkkijonojen käteviä ominaisuuksia tulosteen muotoilussa.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Välilyönnillä vai ilman\" tmcname=\"osa01-10b_valilyonnilla_vai_ilman\" height=400px><p>Saat seuraavan koodinpätkän työnhakijoille suunnatun sovelluksen parissa työskentelevältä tuttavaltasi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Teppo Testaaja\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\ntaito1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span>\ntaso1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aloittelija\"</span>\ntaito2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"java\"</span>\ntaso2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"veteraani\"</span>\ntaito3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span>\ntaso3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"puoliammattilainen\"</span>\nala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\nyla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3000</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimeni on \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" , olen \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-vuotias\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"taitoihini kuuluvat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\")\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\")\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taito3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" (\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> taso3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" )\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"haen työtä, josta maksetaan palkkaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yla<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"euroa kuussa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin pitäisi tuottaa <em>täsmälleen</em> seuraavanlainen tulostus:</p><sample-output><pre>\nnimeni on Teppo Testaaja, olen 20-vuotias\n\ntaitoihini kuuluvat\n - python (aloittelija)\n - java (veteraani)\n - ohjelmointi (puoliammattilainen)\n\nhaen työtä, josta maksetaan palkkaa 2000-3000 euroa kuussa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Koodi toimii melkein oikein, mutta ei kuitenkaan ihan. Tässä tehtävässä on todella tarkat testit, jotka vaativat, että tulostus on välilyönnilleen oikein.</p><p>Korjaa siis koodi siten, että tulostus näyttää oikealta. Huomaa, että erityisesti <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon muoto, jossa tulostettavat osat eritellään pilkulla, voi tuottaa yllätyksiä, sillä se lisää osien väliin välilyönnin.</p><p>Helpoiten saat muutettua koodin toimivaksi käyttämällä tulostukseen f-merkkijonoja.</p><p>Vihje: saat tulostettua tyhjän rivin komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> tai lisäämällä tulostettavaan merkkijonoon merkinnän <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>.</p><p>Muista olla tarkkana tulostusten muodon suhteen jatkossakin kurssin tehtävissä. Osassa tehtävissä testit vaativat täsmälleen esimerkkitulostusten mukaisen muotoilun.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"liukuluvut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Liukuluvut<a href=\"#liukuluvut\" aria-label=\"liukuluvut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><code class=\"language-text\">Liukuluku</code> on ohjelmoinnissa esiintyvä termi, joka tarkoittaa käytännössä desimaalilukua. Liukulukuja voidaan käyttää melko samalla tavalla kuin kokonaislukuja. Huomaa, että desimaalierottimena käytetään pistettä kuten englannissa yleensä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma laskee kolmen liukuluvun keskiarvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.5</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1.25</span>\nluku3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.62</span>\n\nkeskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Keskiarvo: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Keskiarvo: 1.6233333333333333</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Laskutoimitukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-11_laskutoimitukset\"><p>Ohjelman tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty kaksi kokonaislukumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">27</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span></code></pre></div><p>Täydennä ohjelma siten, että sen tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>27 + 15 = 42\n27 - 15 = 12\n27 * 15 = 405\n27 / 15 = 1.8</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia siinäkin tapauksessa, että muuttujien arvoa vaihdetaan. Eli jos ensimmäiset rivit muuttuvat muotoon</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>niin tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>4 + 9 = 13\n4 - 9 = -5\n4 * 9 = 36\n4 / 9 = 0.4444444444444444</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Tulostukset samalle riville\" tmcname=\"osa01-12_korjaa_ohjelma_tulostukset_samalle_riville\"><p>Jos <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolle annetaan lisäparametri <code class=\"language-text\">end = \"\"</code>, komento ei tulosta rivinvaihtoa merkkijonon jälkeen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelma niin, että koko lasku tuloksineen tulostetaan yhdelle riville muuttamatta kuitenkaan <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentojen määrää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" + \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" - \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" = \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"7322e73e-d6c5-5490-af97-ec69c45e720b\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/3-lisaa-muuttujista","title":"Lisää muuttujista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/3-lisaa-muuttujista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt kysymykset"}}},{"node":{"id":"9c49fdd5-713f-532e-a16b-8041b239b696","frontmatter":{"path":"/verkkotentti-ohja","title":"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01."}}},{"node":{"id":"c2658c25-bd6c-5b1f-ad41-22924eb16b0f","frontmatter":{"path":"/verkkotentti-ohpe","title":"Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden verkkotentti 13.01."}}},{"node":{"id":"0818c444-38eb-58ab-b129-9abb78c99e32","frontmatter":{"path":"/verkkotentti","title":"Verkkotentti 4.6."}}},{"node":{"id":"682404c6-0aa3-5968-98ec-2a1fc780513b","frontmatter":{"path":"/virheilmoitukset","title":"Yleiset 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1"}}},{"node":{"id":"1540f76b-3101-5b05-8095-6a07cfecbbcf","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne","title":"Ehtorakenne"}}},{"node":{"id":"3ec62a05-6764-5cde-8038-746a88db6a37","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet","title":"Näkyvyysmääreet"}}},{"node":{"id":"6e251a7e-0806-5da7-b733-412c15549f51","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/1-luokkahierarkiat","title":"Luokkahierarkiat"}}},{"node":{"id":"004a0d76-9a6d-5eb9-a48b-a190cffb324b","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita","title":"Olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikoita"}}},{"node":{"id":"125f6bea-e97f-5d9d-b47a-db94dc87c4a5","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10","title":"Osa 10"}}},{"node":{"id":"987e3ed9-1843-54bf-9527-7068ab9cd537","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Laajemman sovelluksen 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13"}}},{"node":{"id":"c40c9ed7-8f66-5079-979f-38b8c7cf39c0","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot","title":"Robotti ja laatikot"}}},{"node":{"id":"ea358708-379d-550f-a0e7-cf4948487bb7","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14","title":"Osa 14"}}},{"node":{"id":"9dd02728-0265-5c86-ae22-47ce783974c3","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/1-peliprojekti","title":"Peliprojekti"}}},{"node":{"id":"24cb39a4-39d3-5b53-a5c5-d0ae1e2aedb5","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/4-oma-peli","title":"Oma peli"}}},{"node":{"id":"51a33014-c5e5-5b4b-a074-7104d480b07d","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely","title":"Pelin viimeistely"}}},{"node":{"id":"5a5866bd-32cf-5955-90f8-754ceb8ba054","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/2-else-elif","title":"Lisää ehtolauseita"}}},{"node":{"id":"c31a7d12-88b6-52b3-afe8-446248d5a823","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja","title":"Ohjelmoinnin 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Ehtorakenteen avulla tehtävä on huomattavasti helpompi ratkaista."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää muuttujia laskutoimitusten kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat käsitellä käyttäjän antamia lukuarvoja</li>\n<li>Osaat muuntaa arvoja eri perustyyppien välillä</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aiemmissa osissa nähtiin esimerkkejä peruslaskutoimituksista. Seuraavaan taulukkoon on koottu Pythonin yleisimmät laskuoperaattorit esimerkkeineen:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th>Merkitys</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n<th>Tulos</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">+</code></td>\n<td>Yhteenlasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 + 4</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">6</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">-</code></td>\n<td>Vähennyslasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">10 - 2.5</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">7.5</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">*</code></td>\n<td>Kertolasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-2 * 123</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-246</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">/</code></td>\n<td>Jakolasku (liukuluku)</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 / 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">4.5</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">//</code></td>\n<td>Jakolasku (kokonaisluku)</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 // 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">4</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">%</code></td>\n<td>Jakojäännös</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 % 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">1</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">**</code></td>\n<td>Potenssi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 ** 3</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">8</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Laskujärjestys noudattaa matematiikasta tuttuja sääntöjä: aluksi lasketaan potenssilaskut, sitten kerto- ja jakolaskut ja lopuksi yhteen- ja vähennyslaskut. Järjestystä voidaan muuttaa sulkujen avulla.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>11\n15</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"operandit-operaattorit-ja-tyypit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Operandit, operaattorit ja tyypit<a href=\"#operandit-operaattorit-ja-tyypit\" aria-label=\"operandit operaattorit ja tyypit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laskutoimituksen osana on yleensä <em>operandeja</em> ja <em>operaattoreita</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 324px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.60869565217391%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAANCAYAAACpUE5eAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAABv0lEQVQ4y11T2Y7iMBDM/38Yr4AQoNkhIhqRw86dQA7iuFblHovsttSK3WdVuxMAgLVwMgxAngNNI1rXomX5UdqLAuh7yfG5XoKtseuA91vOLHS7AVEEfH3JWWvxrSvQtp+CPp/fYNthmiRwHAUB0fDO4rw/n8KCjfndiq8TABbGMNGi6yzyXDRNhf7Pj0UYWiglCL3fx7PpsriSsNYK5b63LpiFSYcBcWwxz9KMmiQWr5d1SOinjWetWfRDM9BaOQeDgRVKZTDGoKqkq1IprDVuHDLbEutqwLzXq3N2zp32pmmkIFERvjEL0jTFshiMo1B4PB6Y5zeGQdAVRYGqqhDHMfq+d3Nlfp5rtG2L4H6/bwZrceNzboQFn8zaCGPefh1+RWvtwATf33/cJcsUkiTB5XJxDiKg/Xg84nw+QynlbPRdr1fXiLYsy1xcFEVCeVkWTNPkdJ5n1HXtAqhlWSIMQ+z3+3/spOxzvHrEwRY2Z0IE7MQkzoRFqbxT6SOqSl7tv120XGwZPiXPc4zcavc3rI7u4XDA6XTCbrfD8LvNZEW6vshWA2+UlahddyZ2XefObOKp0kafv29z/R7+BdJ66xYE3UIGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/a0b58/1_5.webp 230w,\n/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/4e123/1_5.webp 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/81c8e/1_5.png 230w,\n/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png\" alt=\"1 5\" title=\"1 5\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yleensä operandien tyyppi ratkaisee lopputuloksen tyypin: jos lasketaan yhteen kaksi kokonaislukua, myös tulos on kokonaisluku. Jos taas vähennetään liukuluku toisesta liukuluvusta, myös tulos on liukuluku. Itse asiassa tulos on liukuluku, jos edes yksi operandeista lausekkeessa on liukuluku.</p><p>Jakolasku <code class=\"language-text\">/</code> muodostaa Pythonissa poikkeuksen sääntöön: sen tulos on liukuluku, vaikka operandit olisivatkin kokonaislukuja (esim. <code class=\"language-text\">1 / 5</code> tuottaa liukuluvun <code class=\"language-text\">0.2</code>).</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">172.5</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">68.55</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># painoindeksi lasketaan jakamalla paino pituuden neliöllä</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pituus ilmoitetaan kaavassa metreinä</span>\nbmi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Painoindeksi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>bmi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Painoindeksi on 23.037177063642087</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että Pythonissa on myös kokonaislukujakolaskuoperaattori <code class=\"language-text\">//</code>, joka tuottaa kokonaisluvun, jos sen operandit ovat kokonaislukuja. Vastaus pyöristetään alaspäin kokonaisluvuksi, eli esim.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"/-operaattori </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token operator\">/</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"//-operaattori </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token operator\">//</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>/-operaattori 1.5\n//-operaattori 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lukuarvojen-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukuarvojen lukeminen<a href=\"#lukuarvojen-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"lukuarvojen lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aikaisemmin käytettiin <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komentoa lukemaan käyttäjältä merkkijonoja. Samaa funktiota voidaan käyttää myös lukuarvojen lukemiseen. Tällaisessa tapauksessa muunnos merkkijonosta lukutyyppiin on kuitenkin tehtävä itse. Logiikka on samanlainen kuin edellisessä osassa opitussa <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiossa, vain funktion nimi vaihtuu.</p><p>Esimerkiksi voimme muuttaa merkkijonon kokonaisluvuksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>. Seuraava ohjelma lukee käyttäjältä syntymävuoden muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">syote</code> ja luo sitten toisen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">vuosi</code>, jossa on vuosi kokonaisluvuksi muutettuna. Tämän jälkeen voimme suorittaa laskun <code class=\"language-text\">2020-vuosi</code>, jossa on mukana käyttäjän antama vuosi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Ikäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? <strong>1995</strong>\nIkäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: 25</p></sample-output><p>Yleensä ei kannata luoda kahta muuttujaa (tässä <code class=\"language-text\">syote</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vuosi</code>) lukuarvon lukemista varten, vaan voimme samalla kertaa lukea merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-funktiolla ja muuttaa sen kokonaisluvuksi <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>-funktiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Ikäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Vastaavasti voimme muuttaa merkkijonon liukuluvuksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>. Seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjän painon ja pituuden ja laskee näiden tietojen avulla painoindeksin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna pituus: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna paino: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nbmi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> pituus <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Painoindeksi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>bmi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus voisi näyttää vaikka seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna pituus: <strong>163</strong>\nAnna paino: <strong>74.45</strong>\nPainoindeksi on 28.02137829801649</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luku kertaa viisi\" tmcname=\"osa01-13_kerrottuna_viidella\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukua. Ohjelma tulostaa luvun kerrottuna viidellä.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nKun kerrotaan 3 luvulla 5, saadaan 15</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi ja ikä\" tmcname=\"osa01-14_nimi_ja_ika\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä tämän nimen ja syntymävuoden. Ohjelma tulostaa sitten viestin seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimi: <strong>Keijo Keksitty</strong>\nAnna syntymävuosi: <strong>1990</strong>\nMoi Keijo Keksitty, olet 30 vuotta vanha vuoden 2020 lopussa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"muuttujien-kayttoa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujien käyttöä<a href=\"#muuttujien-kayttoa\" aria-label=\"muuttujien kayttoa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, joka laskee kolmen käyttäjän syöttämän luvun summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku3\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nToinen luku: <strong>21</strong>\nKolmas luku: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa: 33</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma käyttää nyt neljää muuttujaa. Tässä tilanteessa tultaisiin toimeen myös vähemmällä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt kaikki käyttäjän syötteet luetaan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code>, jonka arvolla <em>kasvatetaan</em> muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvoa joka kerta sen jälkeen kun käyttäjältä on saatu uusi syöte.</p><p>Seuraava komento siis <em>kasvattaa</em> muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> olevaa arvoa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku</code></pre></div><p>Eli esimerkiksi jos ennen komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> on 3 ja <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> on 2, niin komennon suorittamisen jälkeen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvona on 5.</p><p>Koska muuttujan arvon kasvattaminen on usein tarvittava toiminto, voimme kirjoittaa sen myös lyhyemmin näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku</code></pre></div><p>Tämän avulla saamme kirjoitettua ohjelman koodin tiiviimmin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Itse asiassa apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> ei välttämättä tarvita ollenkaan. Käyttäjän antamat syötteet voitaisiin lisätä yksi kerrallaan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> myös seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Riippuu toki tilanteesta, montako muuttujaa ohjelmassa tarvitaan. Jos käyttäjän kaikkien syötteiden arvo tulee muistaa, ei ole mahdollista \"uusiokäyttää\" samaa apumuuttujaa kaikkien syötteiden lukemiseen. Näin on seuraavassa esimerkissä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> + </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> = </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku1<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen luku: <strong>2</strong>\nToinen luku: <strong>3</strong>\n2 + 3 = 5</p></sample-output><p>Toisaalta tässä ohjelmassa ei ole omaa muuttujaa summan arvon tallettamiseen.</p><p>Kannattaa kuitenkin huomata, että yhtä muuttujaa ei kannata \"uusiokäyttää\" kuin samankaltaisiin asioihin, esim. summattavien lukujen tilapäiseen tallentamiseen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa on uusiokäytetty muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">tieto</code> nimen ja iän tallentamiseen ja tämä ei ole missään nimessä järkevää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tieto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tieto <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntieto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on ikäsi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><p>On parempi käyttää näitä kahta eri tarkoitusta varten omia <em>kuvaavasti nimettyjä</em> muuttujia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on ikäsi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Vuorokaudet sekunteina\" tmcname=\"osa01-15_sekunteja_vuorokaudessa\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä vuorokausien lukumäärän. Tämän jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa sekuntien määrän annetuissa vuorokausissa.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? <strong>1</strong>\n86400</p></sample-output><p>Toinen esimerkki:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? <strong>7</strong>\n604800</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Lukujen tulo\" tmcname=\"osa01-20_korjaa_ohjelma_lukujen_tulo\"><p>Oheinen ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä kolme lukua ja tulostaa näiden tulon (eli luvut kerrottuna toisillaan).\nOhjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi. Korjaa ohjelma sellaiseksi, että se toimii oikein.</p><p>Ohjelman siis pitäisi toimia esimerkiksi näin:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>5</strong>\nTulo on 30</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen summa ja tulo\" tmcname=\"osa01-16_lukujen_summa_ja_tulo\"><p>Tee ohjelma joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi lukua. Ohjelma tulostaa lukujen summan ja tulon.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>3</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa 10\nLukujen tulo 21</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen summa ja keskiarvo\" tmcname=\"osa01-17_lukujen_summa_ja_keskiarvo\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä neljä lukua ja tulostaa niiden summan ja keskiarvon</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>1</strong>\nLuku 3: <strong>6</strong>\nLuku 4: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa on 16 ja keskiarvo 4.0</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ruokailukustannukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-19_ruokailukustannukset\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka arvioi käyttäjän keskimääräisiä ruokailukustannuksia.</p><p>Ohjelma kysyy, kuinka monta kertaa viikossa käyttäjä käy Unicafessa ja Unicafe-lounaan hinnan sekä viikon muiden ruokaostosten hinnan.</p><p>Näiden tietojen perusteella ohjelma laskee käyttäjän keskimääräiset ruokamenot sekä viikossa että yhtenä päivänä.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Montako kertaa viikossa syöt Unicafessa? <strong>4</strong>\nUnicafe-lounaan hinta? <strong>2.5</strong>\nPaljonko käytät viikossa ruokaostoksiin? <strong>28.5</strong></p><p>Kustannukset keskimäärin:\nPäivässä 5.5 euroa\nViikossa 38.5 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Opiskelijat ryhmiin\" tmcname=\"osa01-18_opiskelijat_ryhmiin\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kurssin opiskelijoiden määrän ja ryhmän koon ja ilmoittaa, montako ryhmää opiskelijoista muodostuu. Jos jako ei mene tasan, yhdessä ryhmässä voi olla vähemmän opiskelijoita, mutta kaikissa muissa on oltava haluttu määrä.</p><sample-output><p>Montako opiskelijaa? <strong>8</strong>\nMikä on ryhmän koko? <strong>4</strong>\nRyhmien määrä: 2</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Montako opiskelijaa? <strong>11</strong>\nMikä on ryhmän koko? <strong>3</strong>\nRyhmien määrä: 4</p></sample-output><p>Vihje: tehtävän tekeminen onnistuu kokonaislukujakolaskuoperaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">//</code></p><div>Vihje2: jos et keksi miten tehtävä ratkeaa, älä huolestu suotta vaan tutustu <a href=\"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne\">seuraavassa luvussa</a> esiteltävään <i>ehtorakenteeseen</i>. Ehtorakenteen avulla tehtävä on huomattavasti helpompi ratkaista.</div></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/4-laskentaa-luvuilla","title":"Laskentaa luvuilla"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/4-laskentaa-luvuilla.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Hei \""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" nimi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nika "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä on ikäsi? \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# ohjelma jatkuu..."}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vuorokaudet sekunteina","tmcname":"osa01-15_sekunteja_vuorokaudessa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä vuorokausien lukumäärän. Tämän jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa sekuntien määrän annetuissa vuorokausissa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n86400"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toinen esimerkki:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n604800"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Korjaa ohjelma: Lukujen tulo","tmcname":"osa01-20_korjaa_ohjelma_lukujen_tulo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Oheinen ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä kolme lukua ja tulostaa näiden tulon (eli luvut kerrottuna toisillaan).\nOhjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi. Korjaa ohjelma sellaiseksi, että se toimii oikein."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman siis pitäisi toimia esimerkiksi näin:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna luku 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna luku 3: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTulo on 30"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lukujen summa ja tulo","tmcname":"osa01-16_lukujen_summa_ja_tulo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi lukua. Ohjelma tulostaa lukujen summan ja tulon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Luku 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuku 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLukujen summa 10\nLukujen tulo 21"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lukujen summa ja keskiarvo","tmcname":"osa01-17_lukujen_summa_ja_keskiarvo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä neljä lukua ja tulostaa niiden summan ja keskiarvon"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Luku 1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuku 2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuku 3: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuku 4: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLukujen summa on 16 ja keskiarvo 4.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Ruokailukustannukset","tmcname":"osa01-19_ruokailukustannukset"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka arvioi käyttäjän keskimääräisiä ruokailukustannuksia."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma kysyy, kuinka monta kertaa viikossa käyttäjä käy Unicafessa ja Unicafe-lounaan hinnan sekä viikon muiden ruokaostosten hinnan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Näiden tietojen perusteella ohjelma laskee käyttäjän keskimääräiset ruokamenot sekä viikossa että yhtenä päivänä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Montako kertaa viikossa syöt Unicafessa? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nUnicafe-lounaan hinta? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2.5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPaljonko käytät viikossa ruokaostoksiin? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"28.5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kustannukset keskimäärin:\nPäivässä 5.5 euroa\nViikossa 38.5 euroa"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Opiskelijat ryhmiin","tmcname":"osa01-18_opiskelijat_ryhmiin"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kurssin opiskelijoiden määrän ja ryhmän koon ja ilmoittaa, montako ryhmää opiskelijoista muodostuu. Jos jako ei mene tasan, yhdessä ryhmässä voi olla vähemmän opiskelijoita, mutta kaikissa muissa on oltava haluttu määrä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Montako opiskelijaa? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä on ryhmän koko? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRyhmien määrä: 2"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Montako opiskelijaa? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä on ryhmän koko? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRyhmien määrä: 4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vihje: tehtävän tekeminen onnistuu kokonaislukujakolaskuoperaattorilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"//"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vihje2: jos et keksi miten tehtävä ratkeaa, älä huolestu suotta vaan tutustu "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"seuraavassa luvussa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" esiteltävään "},{"type":"element","tagName":"i","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ehtorakenteeseen"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Ehtorakenteen avulla tehtävä on huomattavasti helpompi ratkaista."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää muuttujia laskutoimitusten kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat käsitellä käyttäjän antamia lukuarvoja</li>\n<li>Osaat muuntaa arvoja eri perustyyppien välillä</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aiemmissa osissa nähtiin esimerkkejä peruslaskutoimituksista. Seuraavaan taulukkoon on koottu Pythonin yleisimmät laskuoperaattorit esimerkkeineen:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th>Merkitys</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n<th>Tulos</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">+</code></td>\n<td>Yhteenlasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 + 4</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">6</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">-</code></td>\n<td>Vähennyslasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">10 - 2.5</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">7.5</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">*</code></td>\n<td>Kertolasku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-2 * 123</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-246</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">/</code></td>\n<td>Jakolasku (liukuluku)</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 / 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">4.5</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">//</code></td>\n<td>Jakolasku (kokonaisluku)</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 // 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">4</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">%</code></td>\n<td>Jakojäännös</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9 % 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">1</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">**</code></td>\n<td>Potenssi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 ** 3</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">8</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Laskujärjestys noudattaa matematiikasta tuttuja sääntöjä: aluksi lasketaan potenssilaskut, sitten kerto- ja jakolaskut ja lopuksi yhteen- ja vähennyslaskut. Järjestystä voidaan muuttaa sulkujen avulla.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>11\n15</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"operandit-operaattorit-ja-tyypit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Operandit, operaattorit ja tyypit<a href=\"#operandit-operaattorit-ja-tyypit\" aria-label=\"operandit operaattorit ja tyypit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laskutoimituksen osana on yleensä <em>operandeja</em> ja <em>operaattoreita</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 324px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.60869565217391%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/a0b58/1_5.webp 230w,\n/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/4e123/1_5.webp 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/81c8e/1_5.png 230w,\n/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png 324w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8589df3fea236cb343ba84562f88bba2/67580/1_5.png\" alt=\"1 5\" title=\"1 5\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yleensä operandien tyyppi ratkaisee lopputuloksen tyypin: jos lasketaan yhteen kaksi kokonaislukua, myös tulos on kokonaisluku. Jos taas vähennetään liukuluku toisesta liukuluvusta, myös tulos on liukuluku. Itse asiassa tulos on liukuluku, jos edes yksi operandeista lausekkeessa on liukuluku.</p><p>Jakolasku <code class=\"language-text\">/</code> muodostaa Pythonissa poikkeuksen sääntöön: sen tulos on liukuluku, vaikka operandit olisivatkin kokonaislukuja (esim. <code class=\"language-text\">1 / 5</code> tuottaa liukuluvun <code class=\"language-text\">0.2</code>).</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">172.5</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">68.55</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># painoindeksi lasketaan jakamalla paino pituuden neliöllä</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pituus ilmoitetaan kaavassa metreinä</span>\nbmi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Painoindeksi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>bmi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Painoindeksi on 23.037177063642087</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että Pythonissa on myös kokonaislukujakolaskuoperaattori <code class=\"language-text\">//</code>, joka tuottaa kokonaisluvun, jos sen operandit ovat kokonaislukuja. Vastaus pyöristetään alaspäin kokonaisluvuksi, eli esim.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"/-operaattori </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token operator\">/</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"//-operaattori </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token operator\">//</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>/-operaattori 1.5\n//-operaattori 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lukuarvojen-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukuarvojen lukeminen<a href=\"#lukuarvojen-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"lukuarvojen lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aikaisemmin käytettiin <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-komentoa lukemaan käyttäjältä merkkijonoja. Samaa funktiota voidaan käyttää myös lukuarvojen lukemiseen. Tällaisessa tapauksessa muunnos merkkijonosta lukutyyppiin on kuitenkin tehtävä itse. Logiikka on samanlainen kuin edellisessä osassa opitussa <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiossa, vain funktion nimi vaihtuu.</p><p>Esimerkiksi voimme muuttaa merkkijonon kokonaisluvuksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>. Seuraava ohjelma lukee käyttäjältä syntymävuoden muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">syote</code> ja luo sitten toisen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">vuosi</code>, jossa on vuosi kokonaisluvuksi muutettuna. Tämän jälkeen voimme suorittaa laskun <code class=\"language-text\">2020-vuosi</code>, jossa on mukana käyttäjän antama vuosi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Ikäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? <strong>1995</strong>\nIkäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: 25</p></sample-output><p>Yleensä ei kannata luoda kahta muuttujaa (tässä <code class=\"language-text\">syote</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vuosi</code>) lukuarvon lukemista varten, vaan voimme samalla kertaa lukea merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">input</code>-funktiolla ja muuttaa sen kokonaisluvuksi <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>-funktiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minä vuonna olet syntynyt? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Ikäsi vuoden 2020 lopussa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Vastaavasti voimme muuttaa merkkijonon liukuluvuksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>. Seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjän painon ja pituuden ja laskee näiden tietojen avulla painoindeksin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna pituus: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna paino: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\nbmi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> pituus <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Painoindeksi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>bmi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus voisi näyttää vaikka seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna pituus: <strong>163</strong>\nAnna paino: <strong>74.45</strong>\nPainoindeksi on 28.02137829801649</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luku kertaa viisi\" tmcname=\"osa01-13_kerrottuna_viidella\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukua. Ohjelma tulostaa luvun kerrottuna viidellä.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nKun kerrotaan 3 luvulla 5, saadaan 15</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Nimi ja ikä\" tmcname=\"osa01-14_nimi_ja_ika\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä tämän nimen ja syntymävuoden. Ohjelma tulostaa sitten viestin seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimi: <strong>Keijo Keksitty</strong>\nAnna syntymävuosi: <strong>1990</strong>\nMoi Keijo Keksitty, olet 30 vuotta vanha vuoden 2020 lopussa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"muuttujien-kayttoa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttujien käyttöä<a href=\"#muuttujien-kayttoa\" aria-label=\"muuttujien kayttoa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, joka laskee kolmen käyttäjän syöttämän luvun summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku3\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nToinen luku: <strong>21</strong>\nKolmas luku: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa: 33</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma käyttää nyt neljää muuttujaa. Tässä tilanteessa tultaisiin toimeen myös vähemmällä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt kaikki käyttäjän syötteet luetaan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code>, jonka arvolla <em>kasvatetaan</em> muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvoa joka kerta sen jälkeen kun käyttäjältä on saatu uusi syöte.</p><p>Seuraava komento siis <em>kasvattaa</em> muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> olevaa arvoa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku</code></pre></div><p>Eli esimerkiksi jos ennen komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> on 3 ja <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> on 2, niin komennon suorittamisen jälkeen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvona on 5.</p><p>Koska muuttujan arvon kasvattaminen on usein tarvittava toiminto, voimme kirjoittaa sen myös lyhyemmin näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku</code></pre></div><p>Tämän avulla saamme kirjoitettua ohjelman koodin tiiviimmin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Itse asiassa apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> ei välttämättä tarvita ollenkaan. Käyttäjän antamat syötteet voitaisiin lisätä yksi kerrallaan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> myös seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolmas luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukujen summa: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Riippuu toki tilanteesta, montako muuttujaa ohjelmassa tarvitaan. Jos käyttäjän kaikkien syötteiden arvo tulee muistaa, ei ole mahdollista \"uusiokäyttää\" samaa apumuuttujaa kaikkien syötteiden lukemiseen. Näin on seuraavassa esimerkissä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> + </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> = </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku1<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen luku: <strong>2</strong>\nToinen luku: <strong>3</strong>\n2 + 3 = 5</p></sample-output><p>Toisaalta tässä ohjelmassa ei ole omaa muuttujaa summan arvon tallettamiseen.</p><p>Kannattaa kuitenkin huomata, että yhtä muuttujaa ei kannata \"uusiokäyttää\" kuin samankaltaisiin asioihin, esim. summattavien lukujen tilapäiseen tallentamiseen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa on uusiokäytetty muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">tieto</code> nimen ja iän tallentamiseen ja tämä ei ole missään nimessä järkevää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tieto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tieto <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntieto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on ikäsi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><p>On parempi käyttää näitä kahta eri tarkoitusta varten omia <em>kuvaavasti nimettyjä</em> muuttujia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on ikäsi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelma jatkuu...</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Vuorokaudet sekunteina\" tmcname=\"osa01-15_sekunteja_vuorokaudessa\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä vuorokausien lukumäärän. Tämän jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa sekuntien määrän annetuissa vuorokausissa.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? <strong>1</strong>\n86400</p></sample-output><p>Toinen esimerkki:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monen vuorokauden sekunnit tulostetaan? <strong>7</strong>\n604800</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Lukujen tulo\" tmcname=\"osa01-20_korjaa_ohjelma_lukujen_tulo\"><p>Oheinen ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä kolme lukua ja tulostaa näiden tulon (eli luvut kerrottuna toisillaan).\nOhjelmassa on kuitenkin virhe tai virheitä, joiden takia se ei toimi. Korjaa ohjelma sellaiseksi, että se toimii oikein.</p><p>Ohjelman siis pitäisi toimia esimerkiksi näin:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>5</strong>\nTulo on 30</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen summa ja tulo\" tmcname=\"osa01-16_lukujen_summa_ja_tulo\"><p>Tee ohjelma joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi lukua. Ohjelma tulostaa lukujen summan ja tulon.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>3</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa 10\nLukujen tulo 21</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen summa ja keskiarvo\" tmcname=\"osa01-17_lukujen_summa_ja_keskiarvo\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä neljä lukua ja tulostaa niiden summan ja keskiarvon</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>1</strong>\nLuku 3: <strong>6</strong>\nLuku 4: <strong>7</strong>\nLukujen summa on 16 ja keskiarvo 4.0</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ruokailukustannukset\" tmcname=\"osa01-19_ruokailukustannukset\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka arvioi käyttäjän keskimääräisiä ruokailukustannuksia.</p><p>Ohjelma kysyy, kuinka monta kertaa viikossa käyttäjä käy Unicafessa ja Unicafe-lounaan hinnan sekä viikon muiden ruokaostosten hinnan.</p><p>Näiden tietojen perusteella ohjelma laskee käyttäjän keskimääräiset ruokamenot sekä viikossa että yhtenä päivänä.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Montako kertaa viikossa syöt Unicafessa? <strong>4</strong>\nUnicafe-lounaan hinta? <strong>2.5</strong>\nPaljonko käytät viikossa ruokaostoksiin? <strong>28.5</strong></p><p>Kustannukset keskimäärin:\nPäivässä 5.5 euroa\nViikossa 38.5 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Opiskelijat ryhmiin\" tmcname=\"osa01-18_opiskelijat_ryhmiin\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kurssin opiskelijoiden määrän ja ryhmän koon ja ilmoittaa, montako ryhmää opiskelijoista muodostuu. Jos jako ei mene tasan, yhdessä ryhmässä voi olla vähemmän opiskelijoita, mutta kaikissa muissa on oltava haluttu määrä.</p><sample-output><p>Montako opiskelijaa? <strong>8</strong>\nMikä on ryhmän koko? <strong>4</strong>\nRyhmien määrä: 2</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Montako opiskelijaa? <strong>11</strong>\nMikä on ryhmän koko? <strong>3</strong>\nRyhmien määrä: 4</p></sample-output><p>Vihje: tehtävän tekeminen onnistuu kokonaislukujakolaskuoperaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">//</code></p><div>Vihje2: jos et keksi miten tehtävä ratkeaa, älä huolestu suotta vaan tutustu <a href=\"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne\">seuraavassa luvussa</a> esiteltävään <i>ehtorakenteeseen</i>. Ehtorakenteen avulla tehtävä on huomattavasti helpompi ratkaista.</div></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"a9b97b42-4bfe-55aa-a1d4-8f8db058b50a\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/4-laskentaa-luvuilla","title":"Laskentaa luvuilla"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/4-laskentaa-luvuilla.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"95"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSait 10 % bonusta\nSait 15 % bonusta\nPisteitä on nyt 120.175"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Korjaa ohjelma niin, että bonusta tulee joko 10 % tai 15 %, ei koskaan molempia."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Huomiset vaatteet","tmcname":"osa01-29_huomisen_vaatteet"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy huomisen sääennusteen ja suosittelee sen mukaista pukeutumista."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Suositus vaihtelee sen mukaan, onko lämpötila yli 20 astetta, yli 10 astetta vai yli 5 astetta. Myös sade vaikuttaa suositukseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kyllä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki\nSuosittelen lämmintä takkia\nKannattaa ottaa myös hanskat\nMuista sateenvarjo!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Toisen asteen yhtälön ratkaiseminen","tmcname":"osa01-30_toisen_asteen_yhtalo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"math"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-moduulissa on funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jolla voi laskea luvun neliöjuuren. Voit käyttää sitä ohjelmassa seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"from"}]},{"type":"text","value":" math "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sqrt\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"9"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma tulostaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3.0"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita ohjelma, joka ratkaisee toisen asteen yhtälön ax²+bx+c. Ohjelmalle annetaan arvot a, b ja c, ja sen tulee laskea juuret (eli ratkaisut) kaavalla"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"x = (-b ± sqrt(b²-4ac))/(2a)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että yhtälöllä on kaksi juurta, jolloin yllä oleva kaava toimii."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkituloste:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna a: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna b: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna c: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Juuret ovat 2.0 ja -4.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"db5009e5-a4b7-5e82-a297-e2cc36b5b3d3"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi kyselyyn tämän viikon materiaaleista. Saat kyselyyn vastaamisesta yhden pisteen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"6316a9cd-a952-581f-b1c7-93e0cb694faa"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää yksinkertaista ehtorakennetta ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan totuusarvoilla</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa ehtoja vertailuoperaattoreiden avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän mennessä kaikissa ohjelmissamme on suoritettu samat rivit samassa järjestyksessä.\nUsein on kuitenkin tarpeen määritellä ohjelmaan osia, jotka suoritetaan vain tietyissä tilanteissa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tarkastaa, onko henkilö täysi-ikäinen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuinka vanha olet? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen!\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tässä siis sinulle ikiomaksi GTA6.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Seuraava asiakas, kiitos!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää tältä, kun ikä on suurempi kuin 17:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>18</strong>\nOlet täysi-ikäinen!\nTässä siis sinulle ikiomaksi GTA6.\nSeuraava asiakas, kiitos!</p></sample-output><p>Jos kuitenkaan ikä ei ole suurempi kuin 17, käy näin:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>16</strong>\nSeuraava asiakas, kiitos!</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkkejä tarkastelemalla huomataan, että syötteenä annettu arvo vaikuttaa nyt siihen, mitkä osat ohjelmasta suoritetaan. Ohjelmassa on käytössä <em>ehtorakenne</em>, jonka sisällä oleva koodi suoritetaan vain, kun annettu ehto on tosi.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 363px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 126.52173913043478%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/a0b58/1_6.webp 230w,\n/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/2ed29/1_6.webp 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/81c8e/1_6.png 230w,\n/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/4e786/1_6.png 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/4e786/1_6.png\" alt=\"1 6\" title=\"1 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span><p>Ehtorakenteessa avainsanaa <code class=\"language-text\">if</code> seuraa jokin <em>ehto</em>, kuten kahden arvon vertailu. Tämän jälkeen tuleva koodi suoritetaan vain, jos ehto pitää paikkansa.</p><p>Huomaa, että ehtorakenteen ensimmäisen rivin lopussa on kaksoispiste. Seuraavassa koodissa kaksoispiste on unohtunut:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaksoispiste unohtui seuraavan rivin lopusta</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän seurauksena koodi antaa virheen:</p><sample-output>\n<pre>\nFile \"ohjelma.py\", line 3\n  if ika > 17\n            ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre>\n</sample-output><h2 id=\"vertailuoperaattorit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertailuoperaattorit<a href=\"#vertailuoperaattorit\" aria-label=\"vertailuoperaattorit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tyypillinen ehto on kahden arvon vertailu. Pythonin vertailuoperaattorit ovat:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th>Merkitys</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">==</code></td>\n<td>Yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a == b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">!=</code></td>\n<td>Eri suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a != b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">></code></td>\n<td>Suurempi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a > b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">>=</code></td>\n<td>Suurempi tai yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a >= b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code></td>\n<td>Pienempi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a &lt; b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code></td>\n<td>Pienempi tai yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a &lt;= b</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko käyttäjän syöttämä luku negatiivinen, positiivinen vai nolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on nolla.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma suoritettuna kolme kertaa eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>15</strong>\nLuku on positiivinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-18</strong>\nLuku on negatiivinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nLuku on nolla.</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisentäminen<a href=\"#sisentaminen\" aria-label=\"sisentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tunnistaa ehtorakenteen sisällä olevan koodin siitä, että jokainen rivi on <em>sisennetty</em> samalla tavalla. Tämä tarkoittaa, että ehtorakenteen sisällä olevan koodin alussa on tyhjää tilaa. Jokaisella rivillä tulee olla yhtä paljon tyhjää tilaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">salasana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna salasana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> salasana <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiesit salasanan!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet siis joko oikea käyttäjä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"...tai melkoinen hakkerivelho.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelman suoritus päättyi. Kiitos ja hei!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tyhjä tila saadaan aikaan <em>tabulaattorilla</em>, jonka saat Tab-näppäimestä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 537px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 67.82608695652173%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/a0b58/1_6_keyboard.webp 230w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/bc10c/1_6_keyboard.webp 460w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/27c24/1_6_keyboard.webp 537w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/81c8e/1_6_keyboard.png 230w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/08a84/1_6_keyboard.png 460w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png 537w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png\" alt=\"1 6 keyboard\" title=\"1 6 keyboard\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span><p>Suurin osa editoreista osaa automaattisesti sisentää rivin, kun edellinen rivi päättyy kaksoispisteeseen. Voit lopettaa sisentämisen editorissa painamalla rivin alussa <code class=\"language-text\">Backspace</code>-näppäintä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 293px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 96.08695652173913%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/a0b58/1_6_keyboard2.webp 230w,\n/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/2b735/1_6_keyboard2.webp 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/81c8e/1_6_keyboard2.png 230w,\n/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png\" alt=\"1 6 keyboard2\" title=\"1 6 keyboard2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span>\n<small><center>\nNäppäimistökuvien alkuperä:\n <a href=\"https://pixabay.com/users/Clker-Free-Vector-Images-3736/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=311803\">Clker-Free-Vector-Images</a> from <a href=\"https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=311803\">Pixabay</a>\n</center></small><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Orwell\" tmcname=\"osa01-21_orwel\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun ja tulostaa merkkijonon \"Orwell\" jos luku on täsmälleen 1984. Muussa tapauksessa ohjelma ei tulosta mitään.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>2020</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1984</strong>\nOrwell</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Itseisarvo\" tmcname=\"osa01-22_itseisarvo\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun. Mikäli luku on pienempi kuin 0, ohjelma tulostaa luvun kerrottuna luvulla -1. Muulloin ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän syöttämän luvun. Alla on muutamia esimerkkejä ohjelman odotetusta toiminnasta.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-7</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 7</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 1</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-99</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 99</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Keittoa vai ei\" tmcname=\"osa01-23_keittoa_vai_ei\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy ensin käyttäjän nimen. Jos nimi on mikä tahansa muu kuin \"Jerry\", ohjelma kysyy keittoannosten lukumäärän ja kertoo sitten kokonaishinnan. Yksi annos maksaa 5,90.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi: <strong>Kramer</strong>\nKuinka monta annosta keittoa: <strong>2</strong>\nKokonaishinta on 11.8\nSeuraava!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi: <strong>Jerry</strong>\nSeuraava!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvun suuruusluokka\" tmcname=\"osa01-24_luvun_suuruusluokka\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun ja kertoo sitten sen suuruusluokan oheisten esimerkkisuoritusten mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>950</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>59</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nLuku on pienempi kuin 100\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>2</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nLuku on pienempi kuin 100\nLuku on pienempi kuin 10\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1123</strong>\nKiitos!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"totuusarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Totuusarvot<a href=\"#totuusarvot\" aria-label=\"totuusarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtorakenteessa käytettävä ehto saa totuusarvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> (tosi) tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> (epätosi). Esimerkiksi ehto <code class=\"language-text\">a &lt; 5</code> on tosi jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on alle 5 ja epätosi jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on 5 tai suurempi.</p><p>Ohjelmoinnissa totuusarvoja kutsutaan usein boolean-arvoiksi matemaatikko George Boolen kehittämän algebrallisen rakenteen mukaan. Pythonissa totuusarvoja käsitellään <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code>-tietotyypin avulla, ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code>-tyyppisillä muuttujilla voi olla vain kaksi eri arvoa: <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Voimme asettaa ehdon tuloksen muuttujan arvoksi samaan tapaan kuin laskutoimituksen tuloksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\nehto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a on pienempi kuin 5\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\na on pienempi kuin 5</p></sample-output><p>Voimme käyttää koodissa myös sanoja <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi suorittaa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon aina, koska ehdon arvona on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ehto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänne tullaan aina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tänne tullaan aina</p></sample-output><p>Tällainen ohjelma ei ole sinänsä kovin hyödyllinen, mutta myöhemmin kurssilla näemme, mitä hyötyä on totuusarvoista muuttujissa.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Laskin\" tmcname=\"osa01-25_laskin\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä ensin kaksi lukua ja sen jälkeen komennon. Jos komento on joko <em>summa</em>, <em>tulo</em> tai <em>erotus</em>, ohjelma laskee syötteille kyseisen operaation tuloksen. Muussa tapauksessa ohjelma ei tulosta mitään.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>10</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>17</strong>\nKomento: <strong>summa</strong></p><p>10 + 17 = 27</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>4</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>6</strong>\nKomento: <strong>tulo</strong></p><p>4 * 6 = 24</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>4</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>6</strong>\nKomento: <strong>erotus</strong></p><p>4 - 6 = -2</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lämpötilat\" tmcname=\"osa01-26_lampotilat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lämpötilan fahrenheit-asteina, ja tulostaa sitten lämpötilan celsius-asteina. Jos lämpötila celsius-asteina on pienempi kuin 0, ohjelma tulostaa lisäksi viestin \"Paleltaa!\".</p><p>Kaavan fahrenheit-asteiden muuntamiseksi celsius-asteiksi voit etsiä esimerkiksi googlaamalla.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila (F): <strong>101</strong>\n101 fahrenheit-astetta on 38.333333333333336 celsius-astetta</p><p>Anna lämpötila (F): <strong>21</strong>\n21 fahrenheit-astetta on -6.111111111111111 celsius-astetta\nPaleltaa!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Palkka\" tmcname=\"osa01-27_palkka\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy tuntipalkkaa, työskenneltyjen tuntien määrää ja viikonpäivää. Ohjelma tulostaa palkan, joka on tuntipalkka kertaa tuntien määrä muina päivinä paitsi sunnuntaisin, jolloin tuntipalkka on kaksinkertainen.</p><sample-output><p>Tuntipalkka: <strong>8.5</strong>\nTyötunnit: <strong>3</strong>\nViikonpäivä: <strong>maanantai</strong>\nPalkka 25.5 euroa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Tuntipalkka: <strong>12.5</strong>\nTyötunnit: <strong>10</strong>\nViikonpäivä: <strong>sunnuntai</strong>\nPalkka 250.0 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Korkoa kortille\" tmcname=\"osa01-28_korjaaa_ohjelma_korkoa_kortille\"><p>Ohjelmassa lasketaan bonuskortin saldoon vuoden lopussa lisättävä bonuspistemäärä seuraavan kaavan mukaisesti:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos bonuspisteitä on alle sata, korkona saa 10 % lisää pisteitä</li>\n<li>Muussa tapauksessa korkona saa 15 % lisää pisteitä</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelma siis toimii esim. näin:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka paljon pisteitä? <strong>55</strong>\nSait 10 % bonusta\nPisteitä on nyt 60.5</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma toimii kuitenkin jollain syötteillä oudosti:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka paljon pisteitä? <strong>95</strong>\nSait 10 % bonusta\nSait 15 % bonusta\nPisteitä on nyt 120.175</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelma niin, että bonusta tulee joko 10 % tai 15 %, ei koskaan molempia.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Huomiset vaatteet\" tmcname=\"osa01-29_huomisen_vaatteet\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy huomisen sääennusteen ja suosittelee sen mukaista pukeutumista.</p><p>Suositus vaihtelee sen mukaan, onko lämpötila yli 20 astetta, yli 10 astetta vai yli 5 astetta. Myös sade vaikuttaa suositukseen.</p><p>Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>21</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>11</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>7</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>3</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>kyllä</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki\nSuosittelen lämmintä takkia\nKannattaa ottaa myös hanskat\nMuista sateenvarjo!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toisen asteen yhtälön ratkaiseminen\" tmcname=\"osa01-30_toisen_asteen_yhtalo\"><p>Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-moduulissa on funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code>, jolla voi laskea luvun neliöjuuren. Voit käyttää sitä ohjelmassa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sqrt\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>3.0</p></sample-output><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka ratkaisee toisen asteen yhtälön ax²+bx+c. Ohjelmalle annetaan arvot a, b ja c, ja sen tulee laskea juuret (eli ratkaisut) kaavalla</p><p>x = (-b ± sqrt(b²-4ac))/(2a).</p><p>Voit olettaa, että yhtälöllä on kaksi juurta, jolloin yllä oleva kaava toimii.</p><p>Esimerkkituloste:</p><sample-output><p>Anna a: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna b: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna c: <strong>-8</strong></p><p>Juuret ovat 2.0 ja -4.0</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:</p><div><quiz id=\"db5009e5-a4b7-5e82-a297-e2cc36b5b3d3\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi kyselyyn tämän viikon materiaaleista. Saat kyselyyn vastaamisesta yhden pisteen:</p><div><quiz id=\"6316a9cd-a952-581f-b1c7-93e0cb694faa\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne","title":"Ehtorakenne"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Myös sade vaikuttaa suositukseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSataako (kyllä/ei): "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kyllä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki\nSuosittelen lämmintä takkia\nKannattaa ottaa myös hanskat\nMuista sateenvarjo!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Toisen asteen yhtälön ratkaiseminen","tmcname":"osa01-30_toisen_asteen_yhtalo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"math"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-moduulissa on funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jolla voi laskea luvun neliöjuuren. Voit käyttää sitä ohjelmassa seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"from"}]},{"type":"text","value":" math "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sqrt\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"9"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma tulostaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3.0"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita ohjelma, joka ratkaisee toisen asteen yhtälön ax²+bx+c. Ohjelmalle annetaan arvot a, b ja c, ja sen tulee laskea juuret (eli ratkaisut) kaavalla"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"x = (-b ± sqrt(b²-4ac))/(2a)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että yhtälöllä on kaksi juurta, jolloin yllä oleva kaava toimii."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkituloste:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna a: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna b: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna c: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Juuret ovat 2.0 ja -4.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertauskysely tämän osan asioihin liittyen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"db5009e5-a4b7-5e82-a297-e2cc36b5b3d3"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi kyselyyn tämän viikon materiaaleista. Saat kyselyyn vastaamisesta yhden pisteen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"6316a9cd-a952-581f-b1c7-93e0cb694faa"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää yksinkertaista ehtorakennetta ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan totuusarvoilla</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa ehtoja vertailuoperaattoreiden avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän mennessä kaikissa ohjelmissamme on suoritettu samat rivit samassa järjestyksessä.\nUsein on kuitenkin tarpeen määritellä ohjelmaan osia, jotka suoritetaan vain tietyissä tilanteissa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tarkastaa, onko henkilö täysi-ikäinen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuinka vanha olet? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen!\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tässä siis sinulle ikiomaksi GTA6.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Seuraava asiakas, kiitos!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää tältä, kun ikä on suurempi kuin 17:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>18</strong>\nOlet täysi-ikäinen!\nTässä siis sinulle ikiomaksi GTA6.\nSeuraava asiakas, kiitos!</p></sample-output><p>Jos kuitenkaan ikä ei ole suurempi kuin 17, käy näin:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>16</strong>\nSeuraava asiakas, kiitos!</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkkejä tarkastelemalla huomataan, että syötteenä annettu arvo vaikuttaa nyt siihen, mitkä osat ohjelmasta suoritetaan. Ohjelmassa on käytössä <em>ehtorakenne</em>, jonka sisällä oleva koodi suoritetaan vain, kun annettu ehto on tosi.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 363px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 126.52173913043478%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/a0b58/1_6.webp 230w,\n/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/2ed29/1_6.webp 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/81c8e/1_6.png 230w,\n/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/4e786/1_6.png 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/94986ed527f8f4c5b0dc6a9053d071b7/4e786/1_6.png\" alt=\"1 6\" title=\"1 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span><p>Ehtorakenteessa avainsanaa <code class=\"language-text\">if</code> seuraa jokin <em>ehto</em>, kuten kahden arvon vertailu. Tämän jälkeen tuleva koodi suoritetaan vain, jos ehto pitää paikkansa.</p><p>Huomaa, että ehtorakenteen ensimmäisen rivin lopussa on kaksoispiste. Seuraavassa koodissa kaksoispiste on unohtunut:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaksoispiste unohtui seuraavan rivin lopusta</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän seurauksena koodi antaa virheen:</p><sample-output>\n<pre>\nFile \"ohjelma.py\", line 3\n  if ika > 17\n            ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre>\n</sample-output><h2 id=\"vertailuoperaattorit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertailuoperaattorit<a href=\"#vertailuoperaattorit\" aria-label=\"vertailuoperaattorit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tyypillinen ehto on kahden arvon vertailu. Pythonin vertailuoperaattorit ovat:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th>Merkitys</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">==</code></td>\n<td>Yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a == b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">!=</code></td>\n<td>Eri suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a != b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">></code></td>\n<td>Suurempi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a > b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">>=</code></td>\n<td>Suurempi tai yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a >= b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code></td>\n<td>Pienempi</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a &lt; b</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code></td>\n<td>Pienempi tai yhtä suuri</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">a &lt;= b</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko käyttäjän syöttämä luku negatiivinen, positiivinen vai nolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on nolla.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma suoritettuna kolme kertaa eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>15</strong>\nLuku on positiivinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-18</strong>\nLuku on negatiivinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nLuku on nolla.</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisentäminen<a href=\"#sisentaminen\" aria-label=\"sisentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tunnistaa ehtorakenteen sisällä olevan koodin siitä, että jokainen rivi on <em>sisennetty</em> samalla tavalla. Tämä tarkoittaa, että ehtorakenteen sisällä olevan koodin alussa on tyhjää tilaa. Jokaisella rivillä tulee olla yhtä paljon tyhjää tilaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">salasana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna salasana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> salasana <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiesit salasanan!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet siis joko oikea käyttäjä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"...tai melkoinen hakkerivelho.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelman suoritus päättyi. Kiitos ja hei!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tyhjä tila saadaan aikaan <em>tabulaattorilla</em>, jonka saat Tab-näppäimestä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 537px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 67.82608695652173%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/a0b58/1_6_keyboard.webp 230w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/bc10c/1_6_keyboard.webp 460w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/27c24/1_6_keyboard.webp 537w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/81c8e/1_6_keyboard.png 230w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/08a84/1_6_keyboard.png 460w,\n/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png 537w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/43a34a2e4b0bc023009954d6f7809f7c/b1cde/1_6_keyboard.png\" alt=\"1 6 keyboard\" title=\"1 6 keyboard\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span><p>Suurin osa editoreista osaa automaattisesti sisentää rivin, kun edellinen rivi päättyy kaksoispisteeseen. Voit lopettaa sisentämisen editorissa painamalla rivin alussa <code class=\"language-text\">Backspace</code>-näppäintä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 293px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 96.08695652173913%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/a0b58/1_6_keyboard2.webp 230w,\n/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/2b735/1_6_keyboard2.webp 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/81c8e/1_6_keyboard2.png 230w,\n/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png 293w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7f8b7a68350e9455732bc0462f21ccff/3cf3e/1_6_keyboard2.png\" alt=\"1 6 keyboard2\" title=\"1 6 keyboard2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n    </span>\n<small><center>\nNäppäimistökuvien alkuperä:\n <a href=\"https://pixabay.com/users/Clker-Free-Vector-Images-3736/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=311803\">Clker-Free-Vector-Images</a> from <a href=\"https://pixabay.com/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=311803\">Pixabay</a>\n</center></small><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Orwell\" tmcname=\"osa01-21_orwel\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun ja tulostaa merkkijonon \"Orwell\" jos luku on täsmälleen 1984. Muussa tapauksessa ohjelma ei tulosta mitään.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>2020</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1984</strong>\nOrwell</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Itseisarvo\" tmcname=\"osa01-22_itseisarvo\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun. Mikäli luku on pienempi kuin 0, ohjelma tulostaa luvun kerrottuna luvulla -1. Muulloin ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän syöttämän luvun. Alla on muutamia esimerkkejä ohjelman odotetusta toiminnasta.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-7</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 7</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 1</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>-99</strong>\nLuvun itseisarvo on 99</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Keittoa vai ei\" tmcname=\"osa01-23_keittoa_vai_ei\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy ensin käyttäjän nimen. Jos nimi on mikä tahansa muu kuin \"Jerry\", ohjelma kysyy keittoannosten lukumäärän ja kertoo sitten kokonaishinnan. Yksi annos maksaa 5,90.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta:</p><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi: <strong>Kramer</strong>\nKuinka monta annosta keittoa: <strong>2</strong>\nKokonaishinta on 11.8\nSeuraava!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi: <strong>Jerry</strong>\nSeuraava!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvun suuruusluokka\" tmcname=\"osa01-24_luvun_suuruusluokka\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun ja kertoo sitten sen suuruusluokan oheisten esimerkkisuoritusten mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>950</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>59</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nLuku on pienempi kuin 100\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>2</strong>\nLuku on pienempi kuin 1000\nLuku on pienempi kuin 100\nLuku on pienempi kuin 10\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1123</strong>\nKiitos!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"totuusarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Totuusarvot<a href=\"#totuusarvot\" aria-label=\"totuusarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtorakenteessa käytettävä ehto saa totuusarvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> (tosi) tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> (epätosi). Esimerkiksi ehto <code class=\"language-text\">a &lt; 5</code> on tosi jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on alle 5 ja epätosi jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on 5 tai suurempi.</p><p>Ohjelmoinnissa totuusarvoja kutsutaan usein boolean-arvoiksi matemaatikko George Boolen kehittämän algebrallisen rakenteen mukaan. Pythonissa totuusarvoja käsitellään <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code>-tietotyypin avulla, ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code>-tyyppisillä muuttujilla voi olla vain kaksi eri arvoa: <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Voimme asettaa ehdon tuloksen muuttujan arvoksi samaan tapaan kuin laskutoimituksen tuloksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\nehto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a on pienempi kuin 5\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\na on pienempi kuin 5</p></sample-output><p>Voimme käyttää koodissa myös sanoja <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi suorittaa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon aina, koska ehdon arvona on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ehto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ehto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänne tullaan aina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tänne tullaan aina</p></sample-output><p>Tällainen ohjelma ei ole sinänsä kovin hyödyllinen, mutta myöhemmin kurssilla näemme, mitä hyötyä on totuusarvoista muuttujissa.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Laskin\" tmcname=\"osa01-25_laskin\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä ensin kaksi lukua ja sen jälkeen komennon. Jos komento on joko <em>summa</em>, <em>tulo</em> tai <em>erotus</em>, ohjelma laskee syötteille kyseisen operaation tuloksen. Muussa tapauksessa ohjelma ei tulosta mitään.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>10</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>17</strong>\nKomento: <strong>summa</strong></p><p>10 + 17 = 27</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>4</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>6</strong>\nKomento: <strong>tulo</strong></p><p>4 * 6 = 24</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku 1: <strong>4</strong>\nLuku 2: <strong>6</strong>\nKomento: <strong>erotus</strong></p><p>4 - 6 = -2</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lämpötilat\" tmcname=\"osa01-26_lampotilat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lämpötilan fahrenheit-asteina, ja tulostaa sitten lämpötilan celsius-asteina. Jos lämpötila celsius-asteina on pienempi kuin 0, ohjelma tulostaa lisäksi viestin \"Paleltaa!\".</p><p>Kaavan fahrenheit-asteiden muuntamiseksi celsius-asteiksi voit etsiä esimerkiksi googlaamalla.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila (F): <strong>101</strong>\n101 fahrenheit-astetta on 38.333333333333336 celsius-astetta</p><p>Anna lämpötila (F): <strong>21</strong>\n21 fahrenheit-astetta on -6.111111111111111 celsius-astetta\nPaleltaa!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Palkka\" tmcname=\"osa01-27_palkka\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy tuntipalkkaa, työskenneltyjen tuntien määrää ja viikonpäivää. Ohjelma tulostaa palkan, joka on tuntipalkka kertaa tuntien määrä muina päivinä paitsi sunnuntaisin, jolloin tuntipalkka on kaksinkertainen.</p><sample-output><p>Tuntipalkka: <strong>8.5</strong>\nTyötunnit: <strong>3</strong>\nViikonpäivä: <strong>maanantai</strong>\nPalkka 25.5 euroa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Tuntipalkka: <strong>12.5</strong>\nTyötunnit: <strong>10</strong>\nViikonpäivä: <strong>sunnuntai</strong>\nPalkka 250.0 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa ohjelma: Korkoa kortille\" tmcname=\"osa01-28_korjaaa_ohjelma_korkoa_kortille\"><p>Ohjelmassa lasketaan bonuskortin saldoon vuoden lopussa lisättävä bonuspistemäärä seuraavan kaavan mukaisesti:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos bonuspisteitä on alle sata, korkona saa 10 % lisää pisteitä</li>\n<li>Muussa tapauksessa korkona saa 15 % lisää pisteitä</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelma siis toimii esim. näin:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka paljon pisteitä? <strong>55</strong>\nSait 10 % bonusta\nPisteitä on nyt 60.5</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma toimii kuitenkin jollain syötteillä oudosti:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka paljon pisteitä? <strong>95</strong>\nSait 10 % bonusta\nSait 15 % bonusta\nPisteitä on nyt 120.175</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelma niin, että bonusta tulee joko 10 % tai 15 %, ei koskaan molempia.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Huomiset vaatteet\" tmcname=\"osa01-29_huomisen_vaatteet\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy huomisen sääennusteen ja suosittelee sen mukaista pukeutumista.</p><p>Suositus vaihtelee sen mukaan, onko lämpötila yli 20 astetta, yli 10 astetta vai yli 5 astetta. Myös sade vaikuttaa suositukseen.</p><p>Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>21</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>11</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>7</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>ei</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro huominen sääennuste:\nLämpötila: <strong>3</strong>\nSataako (kyllä/ei): <strong>kyllä</strong>\nPue housut ja t-paita\nOta myös pitkähihainen paita\nPue päälle takki\nSuosittelen lämmintä takkia\nKannattaa ottaa myös hanskat\nMuista sateenvarjo!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toisen asteen yhtälön ratkaiseminen\" tmcname=\"osa01-30_toisen_asteen_yhtalo\"><p>Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-moduulissa on funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code>, jolla voi laskea luvun neliöjuuren. 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"paperi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dynamiitti"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 1"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan perinnällä</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa luokkia jotka perivät jonkin toisen luokan</li>\n<li>Tiedät miten eri piirteet periytyvät</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"luokkien-erikoistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkien erikoistaminen<a href=\"#luokkien-erikoistaminen\" aria-label=\"luokkien erikoistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus tulee vastaan tilanne, jossa luokan toimintaa olisi hyvä pyrkiä erikoistamaan, mutta vain osalle olioista. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa meillä on kaksi luokkaa - Opiskelija ja Opettaja. Yksinkertaistuksen vuoksi luokista on jätetty pois kaikki asetus- ja havainnointimetodit.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opnro\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opettaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opetusvuosia<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opetusvuosia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opetusvuosia\n</code></pre></div><p>Yksinkertaistetustakin esimerkistä huomataan, että luokilla on yhteisiä piirteitä - tässä tapauksessa nimi ja sähköpostiosoite. Monessa tilanteessa olisi hyvä, jos yhteisiä piirteitä voitaisin käsitellä yhdellä operaatiolla: oletetaan tilanne, jossa koulun sähköpostitunnus muuttuu. Toki voitaisiin kirjoittaa kaksi käsittelyfunktiota...</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">korjaa_email</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>o<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\".com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">korjaa_email2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>o<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opettaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\".com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>...mutta saman koodin toistaminen kahteen kertaan tuntuu turhalta työltä, ja lisää virheiden mahdollisuutta. Olisi siis hyvä, jos molempien luokkien mukaisia olioita voitaisiin käsitellä samalla metodilla.</p><p>Luokat kuitenkin sisältävät myös piirteitä, joita toisella luokalla ei ole. Sen takia luokkien yhdistäminen ei tunnu järkevältä.</p><h2 id=\"perinta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Perintä<a href=\"#perinta\" aria-label=\"perinta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ratkaisu löytyy olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikasta nimeltä <em>perintä</em>. Perinnällä tarkoitetaan sitä, että luokka <em>perii</em> piirteet joltain toiselta luokalta. Näiden perittyjen piirteiden rinnalle luokka voi sitten toteuttaa uusia piirteitä.</p><p>Opettaja- ja Opiskelija-luokilla voisi olla yhteinen <em>yliluokka</em> <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokassa on toteutettu siis henkilöön liittyvät piirteet. Nyt luokat Opiskelija ja Opettaja voivat <em>periä</em> luokan ja lisätä perittyjen ominaisuuksien rinnalle uusia piirteitä:</p><p>Perintä tapahtuu kirjoittamalla luokan nimen perään perittävän luokan nimi sulkuihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vaihda_spostitunniste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_tunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       vanha <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanha<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_tunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opnro\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opettaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opetusvuosia<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opetusvuosia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opetusvuosia\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   olli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olli@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaihda_spostitunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"example.edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   outi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opettaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Ope\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"outi@example.fi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"A123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   outi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaihda_spostitunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"example.ex\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>outi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Koska sekä Opiskelija että Opettaja perivät luokan Henkilo, molemmilla on käytössään Henkilo-luokassa määritellyt piirteet, mukaanlukien metodi <code class=\"language-text\">vaihda_spostitunniste</code>.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä, jossa luokka Kirjahylly perii luokan Laatikko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjaa \"\"\"</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjalaatikko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa laatikkoa, johon voidaan tallentaa kirjoja \"\"\"</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">listaa_kirjat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n           <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjahyllyä \"\"\"</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokassa Kirjahylly on määritelty metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_kirja</code>. Samanniminen metodi on määritelty myös yliluokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Kirjalaatikko</code>. Tällaisessa tapauksessa puhutaan metodin <em>uudelleenmäärittelystä</em> tai ylikirjoituksesta (overwriting): aliluokan samanniminen metodi korvaa yliluokan vastaavan metodin.</p><p>Esimerkissämme idea on, että kirjalaatikossa kirja asetetaan aina laatikossa päällimmäiseksi, mutta kirjahyllyssä voidaan määritellä asetuspaikka. Sen sijaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">listaa_kirjat</code> uudelleenmäärittelyä ei ole nähty tarpeelliseksi - sama kirjojen listaus toimii niin laatikossa kuin hyllyssäkin (ainakin esimerkissämme).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä luokkien käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari kirjaa testiksi</span>\n   k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"7 veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Aleksis Kivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sinuhe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mika Waltari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntematon sotilas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Väinö Linna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan kirjalaatikko ja lisätään kirjat sinne</span>\n   laatikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan kirjahylly ja lisätään kirjat sinne (aina hyllyn alkupäähän)</span>\n   hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Laatikossa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>listaa_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hyllyssä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>listaa_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div> <sample-output><p>Laatikossa:\n7 veljestä (Aleksis Kivi)\nSinuhe (Mika Waltari)\nTuntematon sotilas (Väinö Linna)</p><p>Hyllyssä:\nTuntematon sotilas (Väinö Linna)\nSinuhe (Mika Waltari)\n7 veljestä (Aleksis Kivi)</p> </sample-output><p>Myös Kirjahylly-luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kautta voidaan käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">listaa_kirjat</code>, koska perinnän ansiosta se on olemassa myös luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kirjahylly</code> aliluokissa.</p><h2 id=\"piirteiden-periytyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Piirteiden periytyminen<a href=\"#piirteiden-periytyminen\" aria-label=\"piirteiden periytyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aliluokka perii yliluokalta kaikki piirteet. Aliluokasta voidaan viitata suoraan yliluokan piirteisiin, paitsi jos yliluokassa on määritelty piirteet yksityisiksi (käyttämällä kahta alaviivaa muuttujan nimen edessä).</p><p>Niinpä esimerkiksi Kirjahylly-luokasta voitaisiin viitata yliluokan konstruktoriin sen sijaan että kirjoitettaisiin toiminnallisuus uudestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Yliluokan konstuktoriin (tai yliluokkaan muutenkin) viitataan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">super()</code> avulla. Huomaa, että tässäkin tapauksessa parametri <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> lisätään automaattisesti.</p><p>Tarkastellaan toisena esimerkkinä luokkaa Gradu, joka perii luokan Kirja. Aliluokasta kutsutaan yliluokan konstruktoria:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjaa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Gradu</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa gradua eli ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon lopputyötä \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt Gradu-luokan konstruktorista kutsutaan yliluokan (eli luokan Kirja) konstruktoria, jossa asetetaan attribuuttien <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjailija</code> arvot. Sen jälkeen aliluokan konstruktorissa asetetaan attribuutin <code class=\"language-text\">arvosana</code> arvo - tätä luonnollisesti ei voida tehdä yliluokan konstruktorissa, koska yliluokalla ei tällaista attribuuttia ole.</p><p>Luokkaa voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    gradu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python ja maailmankaikkeus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kenttien arvot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python ja maailmankaikkeus\nPekka Python\n3</p></sample-output><p>Koska aliluokka <code class=\"language-text\">Gradu</code> perii kaikki yliluokan piirteet, se perii myös attribuutit <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjailija</code>. Arvot osalle attribuuteista annetaan yliluokan sisältä löytyvässä konstruktorissa.</p><p>Aliluokka voi myös viitata yliluokan metodiin, vaikka metodi olisikin määritelty uudestaan aliluokassa. Seuraavassa esimerkissä luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Platinakortti</code> kutsutaan uudelleenmääritellyssä metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">bonuspisteet</code> yliluokan vastaavaa metodia.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Bonuskortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            bonus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> bonus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Platinakortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Bonuskortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan yliluokan metodia...</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja lisätään vielä viisi prosenttia päälle</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> bonus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.05</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> bonus\n\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt platinakortin bonus lasketaan hyödyntämällä aluksi yliluokan vastaavaa metodia ja lisäämällä sitten ylimääräiset 5 prosenttia tähän bonukseen. Esimerkki luokkien käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Bonuskortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mandariinit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kortti2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Platinakortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mandariinit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    bonus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>bonus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0.7225\n0.7586250000000001</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kannettava tietokone' tmcname='osa10-01_kannettava_tietokone'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tietokone</code>, jolla on attribuutit <code class=\"language-text\">malli</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">nopeus</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">KannettavaTietokone</code>, joka <em>perii luokan Tietokone</em>. Luokka saa konstruktorissa luokan Tietokone attribuuttien lisäksi kolmannen kokonaislukutyyppisen attribuutin <code class=\"language-text\">paino</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokkaan lisäksi metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, jonka avulla voi tulostaa esimerkkisuorituksen mukaisen tulosteen olion tilasta.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ipm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> KannettavaTietokone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IPM MikroMauri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ipm<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>IPM MikroMauri, 1500 MHz, 2 kg</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pelimuseo' tmcname='osa10-02_pelimuseo'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Tietokonepeli</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Pelivarasto</code>. Pelivarastoon voidaan säilöä tietokonepelejä.</p><p>Tutustu luokkien ohjelmakoodiin ja kirjoita sitten uusi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pelimuseo</code>, joka perii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Pelivarasto</code>.</p><p>Pelimuseo-luokassa <em>uudelleentoteutetaan</em> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_pelit()</code> niin, että se palauttaa listassa ainoastaan ne pelit, jotka on tehty ennen vuotta 1990.</p><p>Lisäksi luokassa tulee olla konstruktori, josta <em>kutsutaan yliluokan Pelivarasto konstruktoria</em>. Konstruktorilla ei ole parametreja.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">museo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pelimuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pacman\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Namco\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1980</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"GTA 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Rockstar\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1999</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Bubble Bobble\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Taito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1986</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> peli <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> museo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_pelit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pacman\nBubble Bobble</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pinta-alat' tmcname='osa10-03_pinta_alat'><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code> joka nimensä mukaisesti mallintaa <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suorakulmio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">suorakulmiota</a>. Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pinta-ala:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio 2x3\npinta-ala: 6</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"nelio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Neliö<a href=\"#nelio\" aria-label=\"nelio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Nelio</code> joka perii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code>. Suorakulmiosta poiketen <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neli%C3%B6_(geometria)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">neliön</a> kaikki sivut ovat saman pituisia, eli neliö on eräänlainen yksinkertaisempi erikoistapaus suorakulmiosta. Luokka ei saa määritellä uusia attribuutteja!</p><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pinta-ala:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>neliö 4x4\npinta-ala: 16</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sanapeli' tmcname='osa10-04_sanapeli'><p>Tehtäväpohja sisältää valmiin luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Sanapeli</code>, joka tarjoaa perustoiminnallisuuden erilaisten sanapelien pelaamiseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> random\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanapeli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierrokset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kierrokset\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kierroksen_voittaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja1_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># arvotaan voittaja</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> random<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sanapeli:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierrokset<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kierros </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            vastaus1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja1: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            vastaus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja2: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierroksen_voittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1 <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja 1 voitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierroksen_voittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2 <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja 2 voitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tasapeli</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"peli päättyi, voitot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"pelaaja 1: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"pelaaja 2: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Peliä käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sanapeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus</p><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>pitkäsana</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>??</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>olen paras</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>mitä?</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>kuka voittaa</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>minä</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 1</p></sample-output><p>Tässä pelin \"perusversiossa\" voittaja ratkaistaan arpomalla, pelaajien antamilla syötteillä ei ole tulokseen vaikutusta.</p><h2 id=\"pisin-sana-voittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pisin sana voittaa<a href=\"#pisin-sana-voittaa\" aria-label=\"pisin sana voittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">PisinSana</code> eli pelin versio, missä kunkin kierroksen voittaja on sen kierroksen aikana pidemmän sanan syöttänyt käyttäjä.</p><p>Uusi versio toteuteaan <em>perimällä</em> luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Sanapeli</code> ja ylikirjoittamalla sen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">kierroksen_voittaja</code> sopivalla tavalla. Uuden luokan runko on siis seuraavanlainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PisinSana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Sanapeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kierroksen_voittaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja1_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne voittajan ratkaiseva koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PisinSana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>lyhyt</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>pitkäsana</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>sana</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>vat?</strong>\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>olen paras</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>minäpäs</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 1\npelaaja 2: 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"eniten-vokaaleja-voittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten vokaaleja voittaa<a href=\"#eniten-vokaaleja-voittaa\" aria-label=\"eniten vokaaleja voittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">EnitenVokaaleja</code> eli pelin versio, missä kunkin kierroksen voittaja on se pelaaja, jonka sanassa oli enemmän vokaaleja.</p><h2 id=\"kivi-paperi-sakset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kivi, paperi, sakset<a href=\"#kivi-paperi-sakset\" aria-label=\"kivi paperi sakset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">KiviPaperiSakset</code> joka mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivi,_paperi_ja_sakset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kivi, paperi ja sakset</a> -peliä.</p><p>Pelin säännöt ovat seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>kivi voittaa sakset (kivellä voi rikkoa sakset eikä saksilla voi leikata kiveä)</li>\n<li>paperi voittaa kiven (kiven voi peittää paperilla)</li>\n<li>sakset voittaa paperin (saksilla voi leikata paperia)</li>\n</ul><p>Jos pelaajan syöte on epäkelpo, eli se ei ole mikään sanoista <em>kivi, paperi, sakset</em> pelaaja häviää kierroksen, ellei molempien syöte ole epäkelpo.</p><p>Esimerkki toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> KiviPaperiSakset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>kivi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>kivi</strong>\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>kivi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>sakset</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\nkierros 4\npelaaja1: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>dynamiitti</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 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6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee nyt luokka "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"EnitenVokaaleja"}]},{"type":"text","value":" eli pelin versio, missä kunkin kierroksen voittaja on se pelaaja, jonka sanassa oli enemmän vokaaleja."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"kivi-paperi-sakset","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kivi, paperi, sakset"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#kivi-paperi-sakset","ariaLabel":"kivi paperi sakset permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee nyt luokka "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"KiviPaperiSakset"}]},{"type":"text","value":" joka mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivi,_paperi_ja_sakset","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi, paperi ja sakset"}]},{"type":"text","value":" -peliä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin säännöt ovat seuraavat:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi voittaa sakset (kivellä voi rikkoa sakset eikä saksilla voi leikata kiveä)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"paperi voittaa kiven (kiven voi peittää paperilla)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sakset voittaa paperin (saksilla voi leikata paperia)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos pelaajan syöte on epäkelpo, eli se ei ole mikään sanoista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi, paperi, sakset"}]},{"type":"text","value":" pelaaja häviää kierroksen, ellei molempien syöte ole epäkelpo."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki toiminnasta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"p "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" KiviPaperiSakset"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\np"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"pelaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"paperi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sakset"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"paperi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja 1 voitti\nkierros 4\npelaaja1: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"paperi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja2: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dynamiitti"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 1"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan perinnällä</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa luokkia jotka perivät jonkin toisen luokan</li>\n<li>Tiedät miten eri piirteet periytyvät</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"luokkien-erikoistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkien erikoistaminen<a href=\"#luokkien-erikoistaminen\" aria-label=\"luokkien erikoistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus tulee vastaan tilanne, jossa luokan toimintaa olisi hyvä pyrkiä erikoistamaan, mutta vain osalle olioista. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa meillä on kaksi luokkaa - Opiskelija ja Opettaja. Yksinkertaistuksen vuoksi luokista on jätetty pois kaikki asetus- ja havainnointimetodit.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opnro\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opettaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opetusvuosia<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opetusvuosia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opetusvuosia\n</code></pre></div><p>Yksinkertaistetustakin esimerkistä huomataan, että luokilla on yhteisiä piirteitä - tässä tapauksessa nimi ja sähköpostiosoite. Monessa tilanteessa olisi hyvä, jos yhteisiä piirteitä voitaisin käsitellä yhdellä operaatiolla: oletetaan tilanne, jossa koulun sähköpostitunnus muuttuu. Toki voitaisiin kirjoittaa kaksi käsittelyfunktiota...</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">korjaa_email</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>o<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\".com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">korjaa_email2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>o<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opettaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> o<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\".com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>...mutta saman koodin toistaminen kahteen kertaan tuntuu turhalta työltä, ja lisää virheiden mahdollisuutta. Olisi siis hyvä, jos molempien luokkien mukaisia olioita voitaisiin käsitellä samalla metodilla.</p><p>Luokat kuitenkin sisältävät myös piirteitä, joita toisella luokalla ei ole. Sen takia luokkien yhdistäminen ei tunnu järkevältä.</p><h2 id=\"perinta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Perintä<a href=\"#perinta\" aria-label=\"perinta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ratkaisu löytyy olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikasta nimeltä <em>perintä</em>. Perinnällä tarkoitetaan sitä, että luokka <em>perii</em> piirteet joltain toiselta luokalta. Näiden perittyjen piirteiden rinnalle luokka voi sitten toteuttaa uusia piirteitä.</p><p>Opettaja- ja Opiskelija-luokilla voisi olla yhteinen <em>yliluokka</em> <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokassa on toteutettu siis henkilöön liittyvät piirteet. Nyt luokat Opiskelija ja Opettaja voivat <em>periä</em> luokan ja lisätä perittyjen ominaisuuksien rinnalle uusia piirteitä:</p><p>Perintä tapahtuu kirjoittamalla luokan nimen perään perittävän luokan nimi sulkuihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vaihda_spostitunniste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_tunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       vanha <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanha<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_tunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opnro\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opettaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opetusvuosia<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opetusvuosia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opetusvuosia\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   olli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olli@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaihda_spostitunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"example.edu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   outi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opettaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Ope\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"outi@example.fi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"A123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   outi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaihda_spostitunniste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"example.ex\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>outi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Koska sekä Opiskelija että Opettaja perivät luokan Henkilo, molemmilla on käytössään Henkilo-luokassa määritellyt piirteet, mukaanlukien metodi <code class=\"language-text\">vaihda_spostitunniste</code>.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä, jossa luokka Kirjahylly perii luokan Laatikko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjaa \"\"\"</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjalaatikko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa laatikkoa, johon voidaan tallentaa kirjoja \"\"\"</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">listaa_kirjat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n           <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjahyllyä \"\"\"</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokassa Kirjahylly on määritelty metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_kirja</code>. Samanniminen metodi on määritelty myös yliluokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Kirjalaatikko</code>. Tällaisessa tapauksessa puhutaan metodin <em>uudelleenmäärittelystä</em> tai ylikirjoituksesta (overwriting): aliluokan samanniminen metodi korvaa yliluokan vastaavan metodin.</p><p>Esimerkissämme idea on, että kirjalaatikossa kirja asetetaan aina laatikossa päällimmäiseksi, mutta kirjahyllyssä voidaan määritellä asetuspaikka. Sen sijaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">listaa_kirjat</code> uudelleenmäärittelyä ei ole nähty tarpeelliseksi - sama kirjojen listaus toimii niin laatikossa kuin hyllyssäkin (ainakin esimerkissämme).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä luokkien käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari kirjaa testiksi</span>\n   k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"7 veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Aleksis Kivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sinuhe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mika Waltari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntematon sotilas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Väinö Linna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan kirjalaatikko ja lisätään kirjat sinne</span>\n   laatikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan kirjahylly ja lisätään kirjat sinne (aina hyllyn alkupäähän)</span>\n   hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Laatikossa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   laatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>listaa_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hyllyssä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>listaa_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div> <sample-output><p>Laatikossa:\n7 veljestä (Aleksis Kivi)\nSinuhe (Mika Waltari)\nTuntematon sotilas (Väinö Linna)</p><p>Hyllyssä:\nTuntematon sotilas (Väinö Linna)\nSinuhe (Mika Waltari)\n7 veljestä (Aleksis Kivi)</p> </sample-output><p>Myös Kirjahylly-luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kautta voidaan käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">listaa_kirjat</code>, koska perinnän ansiosta se on olemassa myös luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kirjahylly</code> aliluokissa.</p><h2 id=\"piirteiden-periytyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Piirteiden periytyminen<a href=\"#piirteiden-periytyminen\" aria-label=\"piirteiden periytyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aliluokka perii yliluokalta kaikki piirteet. Aliluokasta voidaan viitata suoraan yliluokan piirteisiin, paitsi jos yliluokassa on määritelty piirteet yksityisiksi (käyttämällä kahta alaviivaa muuttujan nimen edessä).</p><p>Niinpä esimerkiksi Kirjahylly-luokasta voitaisiin viitata yliluokan konstruktoriin sen sijaan että kirjoitettaisiin toiminnallisuus uudestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirjalaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n   <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n       <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Yliluokan konstuktoriin (tai yliluokkaan muutenkin) viitataan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">super()</code> avulla. Huomaa, että tässäkin tapauksessa parametri <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> lisätään automaattisesti.</p><p>Tarkastellaan toisena esimerkkinä luokkaa Gradu, joka perii luokan Kirja. Aliluokasta kutsutaan yliluokan konstruktoria:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yksinkertaista kirjaa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Gradu</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa gradua eli ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon lopputyötä \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt Gradu-luokan konstruktorista kutsutaan yliluokan (eli luokan Kirja) konstruktoria, jossa asetetaan attribuuttien <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjailija</code> arvot. Sen jälkeen aliluokan konstruktorissa asetetaan attribuutin <code class=\"language-text\">arvosana</code> arvo - tätä luonnollisesti ei voida tehdä yliluokan konstruktorissa, koska yliluokalla ei tällaista attribuuttia ole.</p><p>Luokkaa voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    gradu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python ja maailmankaikkeus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kenttien arvot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>gradu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python ja maailmankaikkeus\nPekka Python\n3</p></sample-output><p>Koska aliluokka <code class=\"language-text\">Gradu</code> perii kaikki yliluokan piirteet, se perii myös attribuutit <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjailija</code>. Arvot osalle attribuuteista annetaan yliluokan sisältä löytyvässä konstruktorissa.</p><p>Aliluokka voi myös viitata yliluokan metodiin, vaikka metodi olisikin määritelty uudestaan aliluokassa. Seuraavassa esimerkissä luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Platinakortti</code> kutsutaan uudelleenmääritellyssä metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">bonuspisteet</code> yliluokan vastaavaa metodia.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Bonuskortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ostetut_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            bonus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> bonus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Platinakortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Bonuskortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan yliluokan metodia...</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja lisätään vielä viisi prosenttia päälle</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> bonus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.05</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> bonus\n\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt platinakortin bonus lasketaan hyödyntämällä aluksi yliluokan vastaavaa metodia ja lisäämällä sitten ylimääräiset 5 prosenttia tähän bonukseen. Esimerkki luokkien käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Bonuskortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mandariinit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kortti2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Platinakortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mandariinit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    bonus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laske_bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>bonus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>bonus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0.7225\n0.7586250000000001</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kannettava tietokone' tmcname='osa10-01_kannettava_tietokone'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tietokone</code>, jolla on attribuutit <code class=\"language-text\">malli</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">nopeus</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">KannettavaTietokone</code>, joka <em>perii luokan Tietokone</em>. Luokka saa konstruktorissa luokan Tietokone attribuuttien lisäksi kolmannen kokonaislukutyyppisen attribuutin <code class=\"language-text\">paino</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokkaan lisäksi metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, jonka avulla voi tulostaa esimerkkisuorituksen mukaisen tulosteen olion tilasta.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ipm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> KannettavaTietokone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IPM MikroMauri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ipm<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>IPM MikroMauri, 1500 MHz, 2 kg</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pelimuseo' tmcname='osa10-02_pelimuseo'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Tietokonepeli</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Pelivarasto</code>. Pelivarastoon voidaan säilöä tietokonepelejä.</p><p>Tutustu luokkien ohjelmakoodiin ja kirjoita sitten uusi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pelimuseo</code>, joka perii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Pelivarasto</code>.</p><p>Pelimuseo-luokassa <em>uudelleentoteutetaan</em> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_pelit()</code> niin, että se palauttaa listassa ainoastaan ne pelit, jotka on tehty ennen vuotta 1990.</p><p>Lisäksi luokassa tulee olla konstruktori, josta <em>kutsutaan yliluokan Pelivarasto konstruktoria</em>. Konstruktorilla ei ole parametreja.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">museo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pelimuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pacman\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Namco\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1980</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"GTA 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Rockstar\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1999</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuseo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tietokonepeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Bubble Bobble\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Taito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1986</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> peli <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> museo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_pelit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pacman\nBubble Bobble</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pinta-alat' tmcname='osa10-03_pinta_alat'><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code> joka nimensä mukaisesti mallintaa <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suorakulmio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">suorakulmiota</a>. Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pinta-ala:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio 2x3\npinta-ala: 6</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"nelio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Neliö<a href=\"#nelio\" aria-label=\"nelio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Nelio</code> joka perii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code>. Suorakulmiosta poiketen <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neli%C3%B6_(geometria)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">neliön</a> kaikki sivut ovat saman pituisia, eli neliö on eräänlainen yksinkertaisempi erikoistapaus suorakulmiosta. Luokka ei saa määritellä uusia attribuutteja!</p><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pinta-ala:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>neliö 4x4\npinta-ala: 16</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sanapeli' tmcname='osa10-04_sanapeli'><p>Tehtäväpohja sisältää valmiin luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Sanapeli</code>, joka tarjoaa perustoiminnallisuuden erilaisten sanapelien pelaamiseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> random\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanapeli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierrokset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kierrokset\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kierroksen_voittaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja1_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># arvotaan voittaja</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> random<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sanapeli:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierrokset<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kierros </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            vastaus1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja1: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            vastaus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja2: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierroksen_voittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1 <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja 1 voitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kierroksen_voittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2 <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pelaaja 2 voitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tasapeli</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"peli päättyi, voitot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"pelaaja 1: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot1<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"pelaaja 2: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>voitot2<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Peliä käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sanapeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus</p><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>pitkäsana</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>??</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>olen paras</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>mitä?</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>kuka voittaa</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>minä</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 1</p></sample-output><p>Tässä pelin \"perusversiossa\" voittaja ratkaistaan arpomalla, pelaajien antamilla syötteillä ei ole tulokseen vaikutusta.</p><h2 id=\"pisin-sana-voittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pisin sana voittaa<a href=\"#pisin-sana-voittaa\" aria-label=\"pisin sana voittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">PisinSana</code> eli pelin versio, missä kunkin kierroksen voittaja on sen kierroksen aikana pidemmän sanan syöttänyt käyttäjä.</p><p>Uusi versio toteuteaan <em>perimällä</em> luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Sanapeli</code> ja ylikirjoittamalla sen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">kierroksen_voittaja</code> sopivalla tavalla. Uuden luokan runko on siis seuraavanlainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PisinSana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Sanapeli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierrokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kierroksen_voittaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja1_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne voittajan ratkaiseva koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PisinSana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>lyhyt</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>pitkäsana</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>sana</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>vat?</strong>\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>olen paras</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>minäpäs</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 1\npelaaja 2: 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"eniten-vokaaleja-voittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten vokaaleja voittaa<a href=\"#eniten-vokaaleja-voittaa\" aria-label=\"eniten vokaaleja voittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">EnitenVokaaleja</code> eli pelin versio, missä kunkin kierroksen voittaja on se pelaaja, jonka sanassa oli enemmän vokaaleja.</p><h2 id=\"kivi-paperi-sakset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kivi, paperi, sakset<a href=\"#kivi-paperi-sakset\" aria-label=\"kivi paperi sakset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">KiviPaperiSakset</code> joka mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivi,_paperi_ja_sakset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kivi, paperi ja sakset</a> -peliä.</p><p>Pelin säännöt ovat seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>kivi voittaa sakset (kivellä voi rikkoa sakset eikä saksilla voi leikata kiveä)</li>\n<li>paperi voittaa kiven (kiven voi peittää paperilla)</li>\n<li>sakset voittaa paperin (saksilla voi leikata paperia)</li>\n</ul><p>Jos pelaajan syöte on epäkelpo, eli se ei ole mikään sanoista <em>kivi, paperi, sakset</em> pelaaja häviää kierroksen, ellei molempien syöte ole epäkelpo.</p><p>Esimerkki toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> KiviPaperiSakset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sanapeli:\nkierros 1\npelaaja1: <strong>kivi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>kivi</strong>\nkierros 2\npelaaja1: <strong>kivi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja 2 voitti\nkierros 3\npelaaja1: <strong>sakset</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\nkierros 4\npelaaja1: <strong>paperi</strong>\npelaaja2: <strong>dynamiitti</strong>\npelaaja 1 voitti\npeli päättyi, voitot:\npelaaja 1: 2\npelaaja 2: 1</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/1-luokkahierarkiat","title":"Luokkahierarkiat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/1-luokkahierarkiat.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4.0"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"hokkuspokkus\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkutistus"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_resepti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"hokkuspokkus\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nkutistus"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_resepti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"pokkushokkus\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# VÄÄRÄ SALASANA!"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kutistus maksimus:\nKärpässieni 1.5 grammaa\nTaikahiekka 3.0 grammaa\nSammakonkutu 4.0 grammaa\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"salaiset_taikajuomat.py\", line 98, in "},{"type":"element","tagName":"module","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nraise ValueError(\"Väärä salasana!\")\nValueError: Väärä salasana!"}]}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä eroa on näkyvyysmääreillä yksityinen ja suojattu</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten piirteiden näkyvyys määritetään Pythonissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aikaisemmin mainittiin, että yliluokassa yksityiseksi määritettyihin piirteisiin ei pääse käsiksi aliluokassa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Muistikirja</code>, jossa muistiinpanojen säilyttämiseen käytettävä lista-attribuutti on piilotettu asiakkailta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistikirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Muistikirjaan voidaan tallentaa muistiinpanoja merkkijonoina \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># yksityinen attribuutti</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">palauta_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokan sisäisen eheyden kannalta tietorakenteena toimivan listan piilottaminen asiakkaalta on sinänsä järkevää, koska luokka tarjoaa itse sopivat operaatiot muistiinpanojen lisäämiseksi ja selaamiseksi. Ongelmalliseksi tilanne muodostuu, jos yritetään kirjoittaa <code class=\"language-text\">Muistikirja</code>-luokan perivä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">ProMuistikirja</code>, johon halutaan lisätä muistiinpanojen etsiminen ja järjestäminen. Piilotettu attribuutti ei ole käytettävissä myöskään aliluokissa; metodi <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_muistiinpanot</code> antaa kutsuttaessa virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MuistikirjaPro</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Muistikirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Parempi muistikirja haku- ja järjestystoiminnoilla \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä on ok, koska luokan Muistikirja konstruktori</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># on julkinen</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä antaa virheen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hakusana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        loydetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutti __muistiinpanot on yksityinen, eikä näy</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># aliluokalle</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> muistiinpano <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hakusana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                loydetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> loydetty\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'MuistikirjaPro' object has no attribute '_MuistikirjaPro__muistiinpanot'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"suojatut-piirteet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suojatut piirteet<a href=\"#suojatut-piirteet\" aria-label=\"suojatut piirteet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toisin kuin joistain muista ohjelmointikielistä, Pythonista ei suoraan löydy ominaisuutta joka piilottaa piirteet asiakkailta mutta samaan aikaan avaa ne mahdollisille aliluokille. Ratkaisuksi Python-yhteisö onkin päätynyt <em>konventioon</em> eli yleisesti ymmärrettyyn merkintätapaan <em>suojatuille</em> (eli <em>protected</em>)  piirteille.</p><p>Koska piirre voidaan piilottaa kirjoittamalla sen tunnisteen (eli nimen) eteen kaksi alaviivaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>on yleisesti sovittu että yhdellä alaviivalla alkavat piirteet ovat tarkoitettu ainoastaan luokan ja sen aliluokkien käyttöön, eikä niitä tulisi käyttää suoraan sen ulkopuolelta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Alla on esitetty koko muistikirjaesimerkki uudestaan niin, että muistiinpanot on merkitty suojatuiksi yliluokassa yksityisen sijasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistikirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Muistikirjaan voidaan tallentaa muistiinpanoja merkkijonoina \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># suojattu attribuutti</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">palauta_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MuistikirjaPro</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Muistikirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Parempi muistikirja haku- ja järjestystoiminnoilla \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä on ok, koska luokan Muistikirja konstruktori</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># on julkinen</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt metodi toimii, koska suojattu attribuutti näkyy</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># aliluokalle</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hakusana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        loydetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> muistiinpano <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hakusana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                loydetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> loydetty\n</code></pre></div><p>Seuraavassa taulukossa on vielä esitetty piirteiden näkyvyys kaikkien eri suojausmääreiden tapauksessa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyvyysmääre</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Esimerkki</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyy asiakkaalle</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyy aliluokalle</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Julkinen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self.nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Suojattu</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self._nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Yksityinen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self.__nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Näkyvyysmääreet toimivat vastaavasti kaikkien piirteiden kanssa. Luokassa Henkilo oleva metodi <code class=\"language-text\">isot_alkukirjaimet</code> on suojattu, joten sitä voi käyttää myös aliluokassa Jalkapalloilija:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_isot_alkukirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">_isot_alkukirjaimet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi_isoilla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> n <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            nimi_isoilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>capitalize<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi_isoilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Jalkapalloilija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelipaikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># metodia voi kutsua, koska se on suojattu yliluokassa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__lempinimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_isot_alkukirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelipaikka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelipaikka\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        r <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jalkapalloilija - nimi:</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, lempinimi: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        r <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\", pelipaikka: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelipaikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> r\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jp <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Jalkapalloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"petri pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pyttis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hyökkääjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jp<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jalkapalloilija - nimi:Petri Pythonen, lempinimi: Pyttis, pelipaikka: hyökkääjä</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Superryhmä' tmcname='osa10-05_superryhma'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SuperSankari</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SuperRyhma</code>, joka mallintaa supersankareista koostuvaa ryhmää. Luokalla pitää olla seuraava piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li><strong>Suojatut</strong> attribuutit nimi (merkkijono), kotipaikka (merkkijono) ja jasenet (lista)</li>\n<li>Konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen tässä järjestyksessä nimen ja kotipaikan</li>\n<li>Havainnointimetodit nimelle ja kotipaikalle</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_jasen(sankari: SuperSankari)</code>, joka lisää uuden jäsenen ryhmään</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_ryhma</code>, joka tulostaa ryhmän ja sen jäsenten tiedot alla olevan esimerkin mukaisesti</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">supermiekkonen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperSankari<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Supermiekkonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Supernopeus, supervoimakkuus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnakymaton <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperSankari<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Näkymätön Makkonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Näkymättömyys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperRyhma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ryhmä Z\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kälviä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_jasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>supermiekkonen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_jasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nakymaton<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_ryhma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ryhmä Z, Kälviä\nJäsenet:\nSupermiekkonen, superkyvyt: Supernopeus, supervoimakkuus\nNäkymätön Makkonen, superkyvyt: Näkymättömyys</p></sample-output><p><a href=\"/osa-9/3-kapselointi#asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\">Tämän</a> luvun kertaaminen voi olla hyödyksi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Salainen taikajuoma' tmcname='osa10-06_salainen_taikajuoma'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Taikajuoma</code>, johon käyttäjä voi tallentaa reseptin. Luokasta löytyy konstruktorin lisäksi metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_aines(ainesosa: str, maara: float)</code> ja</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_resepti()</code></li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita <code class=\"language-text\">Taikajuoma</code>-luokan perivä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SalainenTaikajuoma</code>, jolla resepti voidaan suojata salasanalla.</p><p>Uusi luokka saa konstruktorissa taikajuoman nimen lisäksi salasanan.</p><p>Lisäksi luokalla on metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_aines(ainesosa: str, maara: float, salasana: str)</code> ja</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_resepti(salasana: str)</code></li>\n</ul><p>Jos metodeja kutsutaan väärällä salasanalla, ne antavat <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>-poikkeuksen.</p><p>Uudet metodit kutsuvat perityn luokan metodeja, jos salasana on oikein! Älä siis leikkaa ja liimaa toteutuksia luokasta Taikajuoma.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kutistus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SalainenTaikajuoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kutistus maksimus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kärpässieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Taikahiekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sammakonkutu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pokkushokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># VÄÄRÄ SALASANA!</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>Kutistus maksimus:\nKärpässieni 1.5 grammaa\nTaikahiekka 3.0 grammaa\nSammakonkutu 4.0 grammaa\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"salaiset_taikajuomat.py\", line 98, in <module>\nraise ValueError(\"Väärä salasana!\")\nValueError: Väärä salasana!</div></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet","title":"Näkyvyysmääreet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# VÄÄRÄ SALASANA!"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kutistus maksimus:\nKärpässieni 1.5 grammaa\nTaikahiekka 3.0 grammaa\nSammakonkutu 4.0 grammaa\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"salaiset_taikajuomat.py\", line 98, in "},{"type":"element","tagName":"module","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nraise ValueError(\"Väärä salasana!\")\nValueError: Väärä salasana!"}]}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä eroa on näkyvyysmääreillä yksityinen ja suojattu</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten piirteiden näkyvyys määritetään Pythonissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aikaisemmin mainittiin, että yliluokassa yksityiseksi määritettyihin piirteisiin ei pääse käsiksi aliluokassa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Muistikirja</code>, jossa muistiinpanojen säilyttämiseen käytettävä lista-attribuutti on piilotettu asiakkailta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistikirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Muistikirjaan voidaan tallentaa muistiinpanoja merkkijonoina \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># yksityinen attribuutti</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">palauta_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokan sisäisen eheyden kannalta tietorakenteena toimivan listan piilottaminen asiakkaalta on sinänsä järkevää, koska luokka tarjoaa itse sopivat operaatiot muistiinpanojen lisäämiseksi ja selaamiseksi. Ongelmalliseksi tilanne muodostuu, jos yritetään kirjoittaa <code class=\"language-text\">Muistikirja</code>-luokan perivä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">ProMuistikirja</code>, johon halutaan lisätä muistiinpanojen etsiminen ja järjestäminen. Piilotettu attribuutti ei ole käytettävissä myöskään aliluokissa; metodi <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_muistiinpanot</code> antaa kutsuttaessa virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MuistikirjaPro</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Muistikirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Parempi muistikirja haku- ja järjestystoiminnoilla \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä on ok, koska luokan Muistikirja konstruktori</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># on julkinen</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä antaa virheen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hakusana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        loydetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutti __muistiinpanot on yksityinen, eikä näy</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># aliluokalle</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> muistiinpano <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hakusana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                loydetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> loydetty\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'MuistikirjaPro' object has no attribute '_MuistikirjaPro__muistiinpanot'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"suojatut-piirteet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suojatut piirteet<a href=\"#suojatut-piirteet\" aria-label=\"suojatut piirteet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toisin kuin joistain muista ohjelmointikielistä, Pythonista ei suoraan löydy ominaisuutta joka piilottaa piirteet asiakkailta mutta samaan aikaan avaa ne mahdollisille aliluokille. Ratkaisuksi Python-yhteisö onkin päätynyt <em>konventioon</em> eli yleisesti ymmärrettyyn merkintätapaan <em>suojatuille</em> (eli <em>protected</em>)  piirteille.</p><p>Koska piirre voidaan piilottaa kirjoittamalla sen tunnisteen (eli nimen) eteen kaksi alaviivaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>on yleisesti sovittu että yhdellä alaviivalla alkavat piirteet ovat tarkoitettu ainoastaan luokan ja sen aliluokkien käyttöön, eikä niitä tulisi käyttää suoraan sen ulkopuolelta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Alla on esitetty koko muistikirjaesimerkki uudestaan niin, että muistiinpanot on merkitty suojatuiksi yliluokassa yksityisen sijasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistikirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Muistikirjaan voidaan tallentaa muistiinpanoja merkkijonoina \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># suojattu attribuutti</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">palauta_muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>indeksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">MuistikirjaPro</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Muistikirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Parempi muistikirja haku- ja järjestystoiminnoilla \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä on ok, koska luokan Muistikirja konstruktori</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># on julkinen</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt metodi toimii, koska suojattu attribuutti näkyy</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># aliluokalle</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hakusana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        loydetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> muistiinpano <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hakusana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                loydetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> loydetty\n</code></pre></div><p>Seuraavassa taulukossa on vielä esitetty piirteiden näkyvyys kaikkien eri suojausmääreiden tapauksessa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyvyysmääre</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Esimerkki</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyy asiakkaalle</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Näkyy aliluokalle</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Julkinen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self.nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Suojattu</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self._nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n<td align=\"center\">kyllä</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">Yksityinen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">self.__nimi</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n<td align=\"center\">ei</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Näkyvyysmääreet toimivat vastaavasti kaikkien piirteiden kanssa. Luokassa Henkilo oleva metodi <code class=\"language-text\">isot_alkukirjaimet</code> on suojattu, joten sitä voi käyttää myös aliluokassa Jalkapalloilija:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_isot_alkukirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">_isot_alkukirjaimet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi_isoilla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> n <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            nimi_isoilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>capitalize<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi_isoilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Jalkapalloilija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelipaikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token builtin\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__init__<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># metodia voi kutsua, koska se on suojattu yliluokassa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__lempinimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_isot_alkukirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelipaikka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelipaikka\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        r <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jalkapalloilija - nimi:</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, lempinimi: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__lempinimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        r <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\", pelipaikka: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelipaikka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> r\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jp <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Jalkapalloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"petri pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pyttis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hyökkääjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jp<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jalkapalloilija - nimi:Petri Pythonen, lempinimi: Pyttis, pelipaikka: hyökkääjä</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Superryhmä' tmcname='osa10-05_superryhma'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SuperSankari</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SuperRyhma</code>, joka mallintaa supersankareista koostuvaa ryhmää. Luokalla pitää olla seuraava piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li><strong>Suojatut</strong> attribuutit nimi (merkkijono), kotipaikka (merkkijono) ja jasenet (lista)</li>\n<li>Konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen tässä järjestyksessä nimen ja kotipaikan</li>\n<li>Havainnointimetodit nimelle ja kotipaikalle</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_jasen(sankari: SuperSankari)</code>, joka lisää uuden jäsenen ryhmään</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_ryhma</code>, joka tulostaa ryhmän ja sen jäsenten tiedot alla olevan esimerkin mukaisesti</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">supermiekkonen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperSankari<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Supermiekkonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Supernopeus, supervoimakkuus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnakymaton <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperSankari<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Näkymätön Makkonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Näkymättömyys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SuperRyhma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ryhmä Z\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kälviä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_jasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>supermiekkonen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_jasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nakymaton<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nryhma_z<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_ryhma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ryhmä Z, Kälviä\nJäsenet:\nSupermiekkonen, superkyvyt: Supernopeus, supervoimakkuus\nNäkymätön Makkonen, superkyvyt: Näkymättömyys</p></sample-output><p><a href=\"/osa-9/3-kapselointi#asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\">Tämän</a> luvun kertaaminen voi olla hyödyksi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Salainen taikajuoma' tmcname='osa10-06_salainen_taikajuoma'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Taikajuoma</code>, johon käyttäjä voi tallentaa reseptin. Luokasta löytyy konstruktorin lisäksi metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_aines(ainesosa: str, maara: float)</code> ja</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_resepti()</code></li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita <code class=\"language-text\">Taikajuoma</code>-luokan perivä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">SalainenTaikajuoma</code>, jolla resepti voidaan suojata salasanalla.</p><p>Uusi luokka saa konstruktorissa taikajuoman nimen lisäksi salasanan.</p><p>Lisäksi luokalla on metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_aines(ainesosa: str, maara: float, salasana: str)</code> ja</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_resepti(salasana: str)</code></li>\n</ul><p>Jos metodeja kutsutaan väärällä salasanalla, ne antavat <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>-poikkeuksen.</p><p>Uudet metodit kutsuvat perityn luokan metodeja, jos salasana on oikein! Älä siis leikkaa ja liimaa toteutuksia luokasta Taikajuoma.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kutistus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> SalainenTaikajuoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kutistus maksimus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kärpässieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Taikahiekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_aines<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sammakonkutu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hokkuspokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkutistus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pokkushokkus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># VÄÄRÄ SALASANA!</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>Kutistus maksimus:\nKärpässieni 1.5 grammaa\nTaikahiekka 3.0 grammaa\nSammakonkutu 4.0 grammaa\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"salaiset_taikajuomat.py\", line 98, in <module>\nraise ValueError(\"Väärä salasana!\")\nValueError: Väärä salasana!</div></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet","title":"Näkyvyysmääreet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/2-nakyvyysmaareet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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kpl\""}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"banaanit: 10 kpl\nomenat: 5 kpl\nananas: 1 kpl"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Iteraattorin metodin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"__next__"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tulee palauttaa tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen alkio on tuotteen nimi ja toisen listalla olevan tuotteen lukumäärä."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet muuttujan self eri käyttötarkoituksia</li>\n<li>Osaat ylikuormittaa operaattoreita omissa luokissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät miten muodostaa iteroitavan luokan</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Luokka voi palauttaa metodista myös sen itsensä tyyppisen olion. Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">alennustuote</code> palauttaa uuden tuotteen, jolla on sama nimi kuin nykyisellä tuotteella, mutta 25% halvempi hinta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alennustuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        alennettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.75</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alennettu</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">omena1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omena1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alennustuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena (hinta 2.99)\nOmena (hinta 2.2425)</p></sample-output><p>Kerrataan vielä muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> merkitys: luokan sisällä se viittaa nykyiseen olioon. Tyypillinen tapa käyttää muuttujaa onkin viitata olion omiin piirteisiin, esimerkiksi attribuuttien arvoihin. Muuttujaa voidaan käyttää myös palauttamaan koko olio (vaikka tälle onkin selvästi harvemmin tarvetta). Esimerkkiluokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">halvempi</code> osaa palauttaa halvemman tuotteen, kun sille annetaan parametriksi toinen <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-luokan olio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">halvempi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tuote</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">omena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nappelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nbanaani <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>appelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>halvempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>appelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>halvempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>banaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena (2.99)\nAppelsiini (3.95)</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkin vertailun toteutus vaikuttaa kuitenkin melko kömpelöltä - paljon parempi olisi, jos voisimme vertailla <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-olioita suoraan Pythonin vertailuoperaattoreilla.</p><h2 id=\"operaattorien-ylikuormitus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Operaattorien ylikuormitus<a href=\"#operaattorien-ylikuormitus\" aria-label=\"operaattorien ylikuormitus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin lasku- ja vertailuoperaattorien käyttö omien olioiden kanssa on onneksi mahdollista. Tähän käytetään tekniikkaa, jonka nimi on <em>operaattorien ylikuormitus</em>. Kun halutaan, että tietty operaattori toimii myös omasta luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kanssa, luokkaan kirjoitetaan vastaava metodi joka palauttaa oikean lopputuloksen. Periaate on vastaava kuin metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> kanssa: Python osaa käyttää tietyllä tapaa nimettyjä metodeja tietyissä operaatioissa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan ensin esimerkkiä, jossa <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-luokkaan on toteutettu metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__gt__</code> (lyhenne sanoista <em>g</em>reater <em>t</em>han) joka toteuttaa suurempi kuin -operaattorin. Tarkemmin sanottuna metodi palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nykyinen olio on suurempi kuin parametrina annettu olio.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__gt__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">></span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta</code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__gt__</code> palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nykyisen tuotteen hinta on suurempi kuin parametrina annetun tuotteen, ja muuten arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Nyt luokan olioita voidaan vertailla käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">></code>-operaattoria samalla tavalla kuin vaikkapa kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.90</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">></span> omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Appelsiini on suurempi</p></sample-output><p>Olioiden suuruusluokan vertailua toteuttaessa täytyy päättää, millä perusteella suuruusjärjestys määritetään. Voisimme myös haluta, että tuotteet järjestetään hinnan sijasta nimen mukaiseen aakkosjärjestykseen. Tällöin omena olisikin appelsiinia \"suurempi\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__gt__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">></span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.90</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">></span> omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena on suurempi</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lisaa-operaattoreita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää operaattoreita<a href=\"#lisaa-operaattoreita\" aria-label=\"lisaa operaattoreita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tavalliset vertailuoperaattorit ja näitä vastaavat metodit on esitetty seuraavassa taulukossa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Merkitys perinteisesti</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Metodin nimi</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Pienempi kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__lt__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">></code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Suurempi kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__gt__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">==</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Yhtä suuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__eq__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">!=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Eri suuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__ne__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Pienempi tai yhtäsuuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__le__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">>=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Suurempi tai yhtäsuuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__ge__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Lisäksi luokissa voidaan toteuttaa tiettyjä muita operaattoreita, esimerkiksi:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Merkitys perinteisesti</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Metodin nimi</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">+</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Yhdistäminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__add__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">-</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Vähentäminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__sub__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">*</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Monistaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__mul__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">/</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Jakaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__truediv__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">//</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Kokonaisjakaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__floordiv__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Lisää operaattoreita ja metodien nimien vastineita löydät helposti Googlella.</p><p>Huomaa, että vain hyvin harvoin on tarvetta toteuttaa kaikkia operaatioita omassa luokassa. Esimerkiksi jakaminen on operaatio, jolle on hankalaa keksiä luontevaa käyttöä useimmissa luokissa (mitä tulee, kun jaetaan opiskelija kolmella saati toisella opiskelijalla?). Tiettyjen operaattoreiden toteuttamisesta voi kuitenkin olla hyötyä, mikäli vastaavat operaatiot ovat loogisia luokalle.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa joka mallintaa yhtä muistiinpanoa. Kahden muistiinpanon yhdistäminen <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorilla tuottaa uuden, yhdistetyn muistiinpanon, kun on toteutettu metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__add__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pvm\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__add__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Uuden muistiinpanon ajaksi nykyinen aika</span>\n        uusi_muistiinpano <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        uusi_muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> uusi_muistiinpano</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">merkinta1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2016</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Muista ostaa lahjoja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmerkinta2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2016</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Muista hakea kuusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt voidaan yhdistää plussalla - tämä kutsuu metodia __add__ luokassa Muistiipano</span>\nmolemmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkinta1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> merkinta2\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>molemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2020-09-09 14:13:02.163170: Muista ostaa lahjoja ja Muista hakea kuusi</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"olion-esitys-merkkijonona\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion esitys merkkijonona<a href=\"#olion-esitys-merkkijonona\" aria-label=\"olion esitys merkkijonona permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme toteuttaneet luokkiin usein metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka antaa merkkijonoesityksen olion sisällöstä. Toinen melko samanlainen metodi on <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code>, joka antaa <em>teknisen</em>  esityksen olion sisällöstä. Usein metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> toteutetaan niin, että se antaa koodin, joka muodostaa olion.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">repr</code> antaa olion teknisen merkkijonoesityksen, ja lisäksi tätä esitystä käytetään, jos oliossa ei ole määritelty <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodia. Seuraava luokka esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        \n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Henkilo(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">repr</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilo1 = Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25)\nhenkilo2 = Henkilo(&quot;Pekka&quot;, 99)\nprint(henkilo1)\nprint(henkilo2)</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Henkilo('Anna', 25)\nHenkilo('Pekka', 99)</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> haetaan nimen tekninen esitys metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">repr</code>, jolloin tässä tapauksessa nimen ympärille tulee <code class=\"language-text\">'</code>-merkit.</p><p>Seuraavassa luokassa on toteutettu sekä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> että <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        \n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Henkilo(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">repr</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilo = Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25)\nprint(henkilo)\nprint(repr(henkilo))</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna (25 vuotta)\nHenkilo('Anna', 25)</p></sample-output><p>Kun tietorakenteessa (kuten listassa) on olioita, Python käyttää vähän epäloogisesti metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> olioiden merkkijonoesityksen muodostamiseen, kun lista tulostetaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilot = []\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25))\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Pekka&quot;, 99))\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Maija&quot;, 55))\nprint(henkilot)</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[Henkilo('Anna', 25), Henkilo('Pekka', 99), Henkilo('Maija', 55)]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Raha' tmcname='osa10-07_raha'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Raha</code> runko. Tässä tehtävässä laajennetaan runkoa muutamilla operaattoreilla, ja korjataan pari rungossa olevaa pientä ongelmaa</p><h2 id=\"korjaa-merkkijonoesitys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Korjaa merkkijonoesitys<a href=\"#korjaa-merkkijonoesitys\" aria-label=\"korjaa merkkijonoesitys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Rahan merkkijonoesityksen muodostava metodi ei ole nyt ihan kunnossa. Seuraavassa esimerkissä muodostetaan kaksi raha-olioa, joista jälkimmäinen ei tulostu oikein:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># kaksi euroa ja viisi senttiä</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10\n2.5</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa luokan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__(self)</code> siten, että tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>4.10 eur\n2.05 eur</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"yhtasuuruus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Yhtäsuuruus<a href=\"#yhtasuuruus\" aria-label=\"yhtasuuruus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Määrittele raha-oliolle metodi  <code class=\"language-text\">__eq__(self, toinen)</code>, jonka avulla rahan yhtäsuuruusvertailu saadaan toimimaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10 eur\n2.05 eur\n4.10 eur\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muut-vertailut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muut vertailut<a href=\"#muut-vertailut\" aria-label=\"muut vertailut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta rahalle myös seuraavat vertailuoperaattorit <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">></code>, <code class=\"language-text\">!=</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"plus-ja-miinus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Plus ja miinus<a href=\"#plus-ja-miinus\" aria-label=\"plus ja miinus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta rahalle yhteen- ja vähennyslaskuoperaatiot. Molempien operaatioiden tulee palauttaa uusi rahaolio, ja ne eivät saa muuttaa olioa itseään tai parametrina olevaa olioa!</p><p>Huomaa, että rahan arvo ei voi olla negatiivinen. Negatiiviseen tulokseen päätyvän vähennyslaskuyrityksen tulee aiheuttaa ValueError-tyyppinen poikkeus.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ne3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> e2\ne4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> e2\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ne5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e2<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>e1</code></pre></div><sample-output><div>7.00 eur\n1.10 eur\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"tiedosto.py\", line 416, in <module>\ne5 = e2-e1\nFile \"tiedosto.py\", line 404, in <strong>sub</strong>\nraise ValueError(f\"negatiivinen tulos ei sallittu\")\nValueError: negatiivinen tulos ei sallittu</div></sample-output><h2 id=\"arvoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvoa ei voi muuttaa<a href=\"#arvoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" aria-label=\"arvoa ei voi muuttaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokassa on tällä hetkellä vielä pieni ongelma, koska käyttäjä voi \"huijaamalla\" muuttaa rahan arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eurot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.05 eur\n1000.05 eur</p></sample-output><p>Muuta luokan toteutus <a href=\"/osa-9/3-kapselointi#kapselointi\">kapseloiduksi</a> siten, että yllä oleva huijaus ei onnistu. Luokalla ei siis saa olla kapseloimattomia attribuutteja eikä asetus- tai havainnointimetodeita euroille tai senteille!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Päiväys' tmcname='osa10-08_paivays'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Paivays</code>, jonka avulla on mahdollista käsitellä päivämääriä. Oletetaan tässä tehtävässä yksinkertaisuuden vuoksi, että <em>jokaisessa kuussa on 30 päivää</em>.</p><p>Huom! Edellisestä johtuen tehtävässä ei poikkeuksellisesti kannata käyttää Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">datetime</code>-moduulia, vaan toteutetaan luokka itse.</p><h2 id=\"vertailut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertailut<a href=\"#vertailut\" aria-label=\"vertailut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokan runko ja sille vertailuoperaattorit &#x3C;, >, == ja !=. Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10.2020\n28.12.1985\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kasvatus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kasvatus<a href=\"#kasvatus\" aria-label=\"kasvatus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta päiväykselle operaattori +. Operaattori luo uuden päivämäärän joka on lisättävän lukeman päiviä verran suurempi kuin alkuperäinen päivämäärä. Alkuperäinen päivä ei saa muuttua.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> p1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\np4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> p2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">400</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10.2020\n28.12.1985\n7.10.2020\n8.2.1987</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"erotus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Erotus<a href=\"#erotus\" aria-label=\"erotus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta päiväykselle operaattori -, joka palauttaa päivämäärien eron päivissä laskettuna. Huomaa, että koska oletamme jokaisessa kuukaudessa olevan 30 päivää, tässä tehtävässä vuosien päivien lukumäärä on 12*30 eli 360.</p><p>Operaattori toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>28\n28\n12516</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"iteraattorit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Iteraattorit<a href=\"#iteraattorit\" aria-label=\"iteraattorit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme aikaisemmin käyttäneet for-lausetta erilaisten tietorakenteiden ja tiedostojen <em>iterointiin</em> eli läpikäyntiin. Tyypillinen tapaus olisi vaikkapa seuraavanlainen funktio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_positiiviset</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> n\n</code></pre></div><p>Funktio käy läpi listan alkio kerrallaan ja laskee positiivisten alkioiden määärän.</p><p>Iterointi on mahdollista toteuttaa myös omiin luokkiin. Hyödyllistä tämä on silloin, kun luokasta muodostetut oliot tallentavat kokoelman alkioita. Esimerkiksi aikaisemmin kirjoitettiin luokka, joka mallintaa kirjahyllyä – olisi näppärä, jos kaikki kirjahyllyn kirjat voisi käydä läpi yhdessä silmukassa. Samalla tavalla opiskelijarekisterin kaikkien opiskelijoiden läpikäynti for-lauseella olisi kätevää.</p><p>Iterointi mahdollistuu toteuttamalla luokkaan iteraattorimetodit <code class=\"language-text\">__iter__</code> ja  <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code>. Käsitellään metodien toimintaa tarkemmin, kun on ensin tarkasteltu esimerkkinä kirjahyllyluokkaa, joka mahdollistaa kirjojen läpikäynnin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sivuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sivuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sivuja\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Iteraattorin alustusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tässä tulee alustaa iteroinnissa käytettävä(t) muuttuja(t)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__iter__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa viittauksen olioon itseensä, koska</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># iteraattori on toteutettu samassa luokassa</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa seuraavan alkion</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos ei ole enempää alkioita, heitetään tapahtuma</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># StopIteration</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__next__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan listasta nykyinen</span>\n            kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan laskuria yhdellä</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja palautetaan</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kirja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Ei enempää kirjoja</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> StopIteration\n</code></pre></div><p>Metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__iter__</code> siis alustetaan iteroinnissa tarvittava muuttuja tai muuttujat - tässä tapauksessa riittää, että meillä on laskuri joka osoittaa listan nykyiseen alkioon. Lisäksi tarvitaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code>, joka palauttaa seuraavan alkion. Esimerkkitapauksessa palautetaan listasta alkio muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kohdalta ja kasvatetaan muuttujan arvoa yhdellä. Jos listassa ei ole enempää alkiota, \"nostetaan\" poikkeus <code class=\"language-text\">StopIteration</code>, joka kertoo iteroijalle (esim. for-silmukalle), että kaikki alkiot on käyty läpi.</p><p>Nyt voidaan käydä kirjahyllyn kirjat läpi esimerkiksi for-silmukassa näppärästi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Elämäni Pythoniassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">123</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Hemingjava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">204</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C-itsemän veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikkien kirjojen nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Elämäni Pythoniassa\nVanhus ja Java\nC-itsemän veljestä</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Iteroitava kauppalista' tmcname='osa10-09_iteroitava_kauppalista'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on <a href=\"/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot#programming-exercise-kauppalista\">osan 8 tehtävästä </a> tuttu luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>. Tee luokasta iteroitava, siten että sitä voi käyttää seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>banaanit: 10 kpl\nomenat: 5 kpl\nananas: 1 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Iteraattorin metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code> tulee palauttaa tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen alkio on tuotteen nimi ja toisen listalla olevan tuotteen lukumäärä.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita","title":"Olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikoita"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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kpl\""}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"banaanit: 10 kpl\nomenat: 5 kpl\nananas: 1 kpl"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Iteraattorin metodin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"__next__"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tulee palauttaa tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen alkio on tuotteen nimi ja toisen listalla olevan tuotteen lukumäärä."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet muuttujan self eri käyttötarkoituksia</li>\n<li>Osaat ylikuormittaa operaattoreita omissa luokissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät miten muodostaa iteroitavan luokan</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Luokka voi palauttaa metodista myös sen itsensä tyyppisen olion. Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">alennustuote</code> palauttaa uuden tuotteen, jolla on sama nimi kuin nykyisellä tuotteella, mutta 25% halvempi hinta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alennustuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        alennettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.75</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alennettu</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">omena1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omena1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alennustuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena (hinta 2.99)\nOmena (hinta 2.2425)</p></sample-output><p>Kerrataan vielä muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> merkitys: luokan sisällä se viittaa nykyiseen olioon. Tyypillinen tapa käyttää muuttujaa onkin viitata olion omiin piirteisiin, esimerkiksi attribuuttien arvoihin. Muuttujaa voidaan käyttää myös palauttamaan koko olio (vaikka tälle onkin selvästi harvemmin tarvetta). Esimerkkiluokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">halvempi</code> osaa palauttaa halvemman tuotteen, kun sille annetaan parametriksi toinen <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-luokan olio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">halvempi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tuote</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">omena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nappelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nbanaani <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>appelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>halvempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>appelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>halvempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>banaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena (2.99)\nAppelsiini (3.95)</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkin vertailun toteutus vaikuttaa kuitenkin melko kömpelöltä - paljon parempi olisi, jos voisimme vertailla <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-olioita suoraan Pythonin vertailuoperaattoreilla.</p><h2 id=\"operaattorien-ylikuormitus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Operaattorien ylikuormitus<a href=\"#operaattorien-ylikuormitus\" aria-label=\"operaattorien ylikuormitus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin lasku- ja vertailuoperaattorien käyttö omien olioiden kanssa on onneksi mahdollista. Tähän käytetään tekniikkaa, jonka nimi on <em>operaattorien ylikuormitus</em>. Kun halutaan, että tietty operaattori toimii myös omasta luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kanssa, luokkaan kirjoitetaan vastaava metodi joka palauttaa oikean lopputuloksen. Periaate on vastaava kuin metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> kanssa: Python osaa käyttää tietyllä tapaa nimettyjä metodeja tietyissä operaatioissa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan ensin esimerkkiä, jossa <code class=\"language-text\">Tuote</code>-luokkaan on toteutettu metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__gt__</code> (lyhenne sanoista <em>g</em>reater <em>t</em>han) joka toteuttaa suurempi kuin -operaattorin. Tarkemmin sanottuna metodi palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nykyinen olio on suurempi kuin parametrina annettu olio.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__gt__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta <span class=\"token operator\">></span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hinta</code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__gt__</code> palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nykyisen tuotteen hinta on suurempi kuin parametrina annetun tuotteen, ja muuten arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Nyt luokan olioita voidaan vertailla käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">></code>-operaattoria samalla tavalla kuin vaikkapa kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.90</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">></span> omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Appelsiini on suurempi</p></sample-output><p>Olioiden suuruusluokan vertailua toteuttaessa täytyy päättää, millä perusteella suuruusjärjestys määritetään. Voisimme myös haluta, että tuotteet järjestetään hinnan sijasta nimen mukaiseen aakkosjärjestykseen. Tällöin omena olisikin appelsiinia \"suurempi\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (hinta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__hinta\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__gt__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">></span> toinen_tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.90</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nomena <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> appelsiini <span class=\"token operator\">></span> omena<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Appelsiini on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omena on suurempi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Omena on suurempi</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lisaa-operaattoreita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää operaattoreita<a href=\"#lisaa-operaattoreita\" aria-label=\"lisaa operaattoreita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tavalliset vertailuoperaattorit ja näitä vastaavat metodit on esitetty seuraavassa taulukossa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Merkitys perinteisesti</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Metodin nimi</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Pienempi kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__lt__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">></code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Suurempi kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__gt__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">==</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Yhtä suuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__eq__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">!=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Eri suuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__ne__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Pienempi tai yhtäsuuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__le__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">>=</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Suurempi tai yhtäsuuri kuin</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__ge__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Lisäksi luokissa voidaan toteuttaa tiettyjä muita operaattoreita, esimerkiksi:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Operaattori</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Merkitys perinteisesti</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Metodin nimi</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">+</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Yhdistäminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__add__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">-</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Vähentäminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__sub__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">*</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Monistaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__mul__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">/</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Jakaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__truediv__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">//</code></td>\n<td align=\"center\">Kokonaisjakaminen</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">__floordiv__(self, toinen)</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Lisää operaattoreita ja metodien nimien vastineita löydät helposti Googlella.</p><p>Huomaa, että vain hyvin harvoin on tarvetta toteuttaa kaikkia operaatioita omassa luokassa. Esimerkiksi jakaminen on operaatio, jolle on hankalaa keksiä luontevaa käyttöä useimmissa luokissa (mitä tulee, kun jaetaan opiskelija kolmella saati toisella opiskelijalla?). Tiettyjen operaattoreiden toteuttamisesta voi kuitenkin olla hyötyä, mikäli vastaavat operaatiot ovat loogisia luokalle.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa joka mallintaa yhtä muistiinpanoa. Kahden muistiinpanon yhdistäminen <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorilla tuottaa uuden, yhdistetyn muistiinpanon, kun on toteutettu metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__add__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Muistiinpano</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pvm\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkinta\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__add__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Uuden muistiinpanon ajaksi nykyinen aika</span>\n        uusi_muistiinpano <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        uusi_muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkinta\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> uusi_muistiinpano</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">merkinta1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2016</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Muista ostaa lahjoja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmerkinta2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Muistiinpano<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2016</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Muista hakea kuusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt voidaan yhdistää plussalla - tämä kutsuu metodia __add__ luokassa Muistiipano</span>\nmolemmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkinta1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> merkinta2\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>molemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2020-09-09 14:13:02.163170: Muista ostaa lahjoja ja Muista hakea kuusi</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"olion-esitys-merkkijonona\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion esitys merkkijonona<a href=\"#olion-esitys-merkkijonona\" aria-label=\"olion esitys merkkijonona permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme toteuttaneet luokkiin usein metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka antaa merkkijonoesityksen olion sisällöstä. Toinen melko samanlainen metodi on <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code>, joka antaa <em>teknisen</em>  esityksen olion sisällöstä. Usein metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> toteutetaan niin, että se antaa koodin, joka muodostaa olion.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">repr</code> antaa olion teknisen merkkijonoesityksen, ja lisäksi tätä esitystä käytetään, jos oliossa ei ole määritelty <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodia. Seuraava luokka esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        \n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Henkilo(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">repr</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilo1 = Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25)\nhenkilo2 = Henkilo(&quot;Pekka&quot;, 99)\nprint(henkilo1)\nprint(henkilo2)</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Henkilo('Anna', 25)\nHenkilo('Pekka', 99)</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> haetaan nimen tekninen esitys metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">repr</code>, jolloin tässä tapauksessa nimen ympärille tulee <code class=\"language-text\">'</code>-merkit.</p><p>Seuraavassa luokassa on toteutettu sekä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> että <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        \n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Henkilo(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">repr</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilo = Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25)\nprint(henkilo)\nprint(repr(henkilo))</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna (25 vuotta)\nHenkilo('Anna', 25)</p></sample-output><p>Kun tietorakenteessa (kuten listassa) on olioita, Python käyttää vähän epäloogisesti metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code> olioiden merkkijonoesityksen muodostamiseen, kun lista tulostetaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python3\"><pre class=\"language-python3\"><code class=\"language-python3\">henkilot = []\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Anna&quot;, 25))\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Pekka&quot;, 99))\nhenkilot.append(Henkilo(&quot;Maija&quot;, 55))\nprint(henkilot)</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[Henkilo('Anna', 25), Henkilo('Pekka', 99), Henkilo('Maija', 55)]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Raha' tmcname='osa10-07_raha'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Raha</code> runko. Tässä tehtävässä laajennetaan runkoa muutamilla operaattoreilla, ja korjataan pari rungossa olevaa pientä ongelmaa</p><h2 id=\"korjaa-merkkijonoesitys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Korjaa merkkijonoesitys<a href=\"#korjaa-merkkijonoesitys\" aria-label=\"korjaa merkkijonoesitys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Rahan merkkijonoesityksen muodostava metodi ei ole nyt ihan kunnossa. Seuraavassa esimerkissä muodostetaan kaksi raha-olioa, joista jälkimmäinen ei tulostu oikein:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># kaksi euroa ja viisi senttiä</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10\n2.5</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa luokan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__(self)</code> siten, että tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>4.10 eur\n2.05 eur</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"yhtasuuruus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Yhtäsuuruus<a href=\"#yhtasuuruus\" aria-label=\"yhtasuuruus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Määrittele raha-oliolle metodi  <code class=\"language-text\">__eq__(self, toinen)</code>, jonka avulla rahan yhtäsuuruusvertailu saadaan toimimaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10 eur\n2.05 eur\n4.10 eur\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muut-vertailut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muut vertailut<a href=\"#muut-vertailut\" aria-label=\"muut vertailut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta rahalle myös seuraavat vertailuoperaattorit <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">></code>, <code class=\"language-text\">!=</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> e2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"plus-ja-miinus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Plus ja miinus<a href=\"#plus-ja-miinus\" aria-label=\"plus ja miinus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta rahalle yhteen- ja vähennyslaskuoperaatiot. Molempien operaatioiden tulee palauttaa uusi rahaolio, ja ne eivät saa muuttaa olioa itseään tai parametrina olevaa olioa!</p><p>Huomaa, että rahan arvo ei voi olla negatiivinen. Negatiiviseen tulokseen päätyvän vähennyslaskuyrityksen tulee aiheuttaa ValueError-tyyppinen poikkeus.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">e1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Raha<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ne3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> e2\ne4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> e2\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ne5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> e2<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>e1</code></pre></div><sample-output><div>7.00 eur\n1.10 eur\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"tiedosto.py\", line 416, in <module>\ne5 = e2-e1\nFile \"tiedosto.py\", line 404, in <strong>sub</strong>\nraise ValueError(f\"negatiivinen tulos ei sallittu\")\nValueError: negatiivinen tulos ei sallittu</div></sample-output><h2 id=\"arvoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvoa ei voi muuttaa<a href=\"#arvoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" aria-label=\"arvoa ei voi muuttaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokassa on tällä hetkellä vielä pieni ongelma, koska käyttäjä voi \"huijaamalla\" muuttaa rahan arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eurot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.05 eur\n1000.05 eur</p></sample-output><p>Muuta luokan toteutus <a href=\"/osa-9/3-kapselointi#kapselointi\">kapseloiduksi</a> siten, että yllä oleva huijaus ei onnistu. Luokalla ei siis saa olla kapseloimattomia attribuutteja eikä asetus- tai havainnointimetodeita euroille tai senteille!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Päiväys' tmcname='osa10-08_paivays'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Paivays</code>, jonka avulla on mahdollista käsitellä päivämääriä. Oletetaan tässä tehtävässä yksinkertaisuuden vuoksi, että <em>jokaisessa kuussa on 30 päivää</em>.</p><p>Huom! Edellisestä johtuen tehtävässä ei poikkeuksellisesti kannata käyttää Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">datetime</code>-moduulia, vaan toteutetaan luokka itse.</p><h2 id=\"vertailut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertailut<a href=\"#vertailut\" aria-label=\"vertailut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokan runko ja sille vertailuoperaattorit &#x3C;, >, == ja !=. Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10.2020\n28.12.1985\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kasvatus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kasvatus<a href=\"#kasvatus\" aria-label=\"kasvatus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta päiväykselle operaattori +. Operaattori luo uuden päivämäärän joka on lisättävän lukeman päiviä verran suurempi kuin alkuperäinen päivämäärä. Alkuperäinen päivä ei saa muuttua.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> p1 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\np4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> p2 <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">400</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.10.2020\n28.12.1985\n7.10.2020\n8.2.1987</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"erotus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Erotus<a href=\"#erotus\" aria-label=\"erotus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta päiväykselle operaattori -, joka palauttaa päivämäärien eron päivissä laskettuna. Huomaa, että koska oletamme jokaisessa kuukaudessa olevan 30 päivää, tässä tehtävässä vuosien päivien lukumäärä on 12*30 eli 360.</p><p>Operaattori toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">p1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\np3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>p3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>28\n28\n12516</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"iteraattorit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Iteraattorit<a href=\"#iteraattorit\" aria-label=\"iteraattorit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme aikaisemmin käyttäneet for-lausetta erilaisten tietorakenteiden ja tiedostojen <em>iterointiin</em> eli läpikäyntiin. Tyypillinen tapaus olisi vaikkapa seuraavanlainen funktio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_positiiviset</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> n\n</code></pre></div><p>Funktio käy läpi listan alkio kerrallaan ja laskee positiivisten alkioiden määärän.</p><p>Iterointi on mahdollista toteuttaa myös omiin luokkiin. Hyödyllistä tämä on silloin, kun luokasta muodostetut oliot tallentavat kokoelman alkioita. Esimerkiksi aikaisemmin kirjoitettiin luokka, joka mallintaa kirjahyllyä – olisi näppärä, jos kaikki kirjahyllyn kirjat voisi käydä läpi yhdessä silmukassa. Samalla tavalla opiskelijarekisterin kaikkien opiskelijoiden läpikäynti for-lauseella olisi kätevää.</p><p>Iterointi mahdollistuu toteuttamalla luokkaan iteraattorimetodit <code class=\"language-text\">__iter__</code> ja  <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code>. Käsitellään metodien toimintaa tarkemmin, kun on ensin tarkasteltu esimerkkinä kirjahyllyluokkaa, joka mahdollistaa kirjojen läpikäynnin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sivuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sivuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sivuja\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Iteraattorin alustusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tässä tulee alustaa iteroinnissa käytettävä(t) muuttuja(t)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__iter__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa viittauksen olioon itseensä, koska</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># iteraattori on toteutettu samassa luokassa</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa seuraavan alkion</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos ei ole enempää alkioita, heitetään tapahtuma</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># StopIteration</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__next__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan listasta nykyinen</span>\n            kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan laskuria yhdellä</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja palautetaan</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kirja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Ei enempää kirjoja</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> StopIteration\n</code></pre></div><p>Metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__iter__</code> siis alustetaan iteroinnissa tarvittava muuttuja tai muuttujat - tässä tapauksessa riittää, että meillä on laskuri joka osoittaa listan nykyiseen alkioon. Lisäksi tarvitaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code>, joka palauttaa seuraavan alkion. Esimerkkitapauksessa palautetaan listasta alkio muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kohdalta ja kasvatetaan muuttujan arvoa yhdellä. Jos listassa ei ole enempää alkiota, \"nostetaan\" poikkeus <code class=\"language-text\">StopIteration</code>, joka kertoo iteroijalle (esim. for-silmukalle), että kaikki alkiot on käyty läpi.</p><p>Nyt voidaan käydä kirjahyllyn kirjat läpi esimerkiksi for-silmukassa näppärästi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Elämäni Pythoniassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">123</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Hemingjava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">204</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C-itsemän veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikkien kirjojen nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Elämäni Pythoniassa\nVanhus ja Java\nC-itsemän veljestä</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Iteroitava kauppalista' tmcname='osa10-09_iteroitava_kauppalista'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on <a href=\"/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot#programming-exercise-kauppalista\">osan 8 tehtävästä </a> tuttu luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>. Tee luokasta iteroitava, siten että sitä voi käyttää seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>banaanit: 10 kpl\nomenat: 5 kpl\nananas: 1 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Iteraattorin metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__next__</code> tulee palauttaa tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen alkio on tuotteen nimi ja toisen listalla olevan tuotteen lukumäärä.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita","title":"Olio-ohjelmoinnin tekniikoita"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Milloin ja ylipäätään <em>miksi</em> olioita tulisi käyttää jos kurssin osien 1-7 kalusto on jo ilmaisuvoimaltaan riittävä?</p><h2 id=\"monimutkaisuuden-hallintaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monimutkaisuuden hallintaa<a href=\"#monimutkaisuuden-hallintaa\" aria-label=\"monimutkaisuuden hallintaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Monissa tilanteissa voi ja varmasti kannattaakin olla käyttämättä oliota. Esimerkiksi jos koodataan pieni \"kertakäyttöinen\" apuohjelma, ei ehkä ole mitään tarvetta olioille. Tilanne alkaa muuttua, kun siirrytään hieman suuremman kokoluokan ohjelmiin.</p><p>Kun ohjelma laajenee, alkaa sen sisältämien yksityiskohtien määrä nousta hallitsemattomaksi, ellei ohjelmaa jäsennellä jollain järkevällä tavalla. Itse asiassa jo ohjelmoinnin perusteiden tehtävissä oli havaittavissa varsin monimutkaisia ratkaisuja, joiden ymmärtämisessä jopa alan ammattilaisilla on vaikeuksia.</p><p>Käsite <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Separation of concerns</a> on ollut jo vuosikymmeniä eräs ohjelmoinnin ja koko tietojenkäsittelyn keskeisiä teemoja. Wikipedian mukaan käsitteellä tarkoitetaan seuraavaa</p><p><em>Separation of concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections such that each section addresses a separate concern. A concern is a set of information that affects the code of a computer program</em></p><p>Kyse on ohjelman suunnittelua ohjaavasta periaatteesta, jonka mukaan ohjelmakoodi jäsennellään pienempiin osiin, joista kukin huolehtii vain omasta \"tontistaan\". Kuhunkin osaan tehdyt muutokset vaikuttavat - periaatteen mukaisesti - vain rajattuun alueeseen ohjelmassa, joten ohjelmien väistämätöntä monimutkaisuutta on helpompi hallita.</p><p>Funktiot ovat yksi mekanismi tämän tavoitteen saavuttamiseen. Sen sijaan että ohjelma kirjoitetaan yhtenä isona kokonaisuutena, koostetaan se pienistä funktioista, joista kukin ratkaisee pienen osan ongelmasta.</p><p>Olio-ohjelmointi tarjoaa funktioita jossain määrin ilmaisuvoimaisemman ja joidenkin mielestä \"paremman\" tavan saavuttaa sama tavoite. Kuten olemme nähneet, olioiden avulla on mahdollista koota samaan asiaan liittyvä data ja sitä käsittelevä koodi, eli olion metodit, samaan paikkaan. Oliot tarjoavat myös mekanismin käsittelemänsä datan kapselointiin, joka taas tavallaan on keino piilottaa \"turhia\" yksityiskohtia olion ulkopuoliselta osalta ohjelmaa.</p><h2 id=\"esimerkki-puhelinluettelo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki: puhelinluettelo<a href=\"#esimerkki-puhelinluettelo\" aria-label=\"esimerkki puhelinluettelo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Miten ohjelma sitten tulisi jakaa luokkiin ja olioihin? Kysymys ei ole helppo, ja asiaa on helpompi pohdiskella konkreettisen esimerkin kautta. Toteutetaan esimerkkinä olio-ohjelmointia hyödyntäen hieman samantyylinen puhelinluettelo, joka oli aiheena ohjelmoinnin perusteiden viidennen osan <a href=\"/osa-5/3-dictionary#programming-exercise-puhelinluettelo-versio-2\">tehtävässä</a>.</p><p>Separation of concerns -periaatetta noudatellen koodi tulee jakaa osiin, joista kukin käsittelee omaa asiaansa. Olio-ohjelmoinnin piirissä tätä periaatetta ilmentää niin sanottu <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-responsibility_principle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yhden vastuun (single responsibility)</a> -periaate. Ei mennä sen tarkemmin periaatteen yksityiskohtiin, mutta maalaisjärjellä ajatellen periaatteen nimi jo kertoo mistä on kyse: <em>yksittäisen luokan olioiden tulisi olla vastuussa yhdestä asiasta</em>.</p><p>Olioita käytettäessä ohjelmointiongelman \"reaalimaailman asioita\" vastaa yleensä oma luokkansa. Puhelinluettelon tapauksessa tälläisiä reaalimaailman asioita olisivat esimerkiksi:</p><ul>\n<li>henkilö</li>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>puhelinnumero</li>\n</ul><p>Näistä nimi ja puhelinnumero ovat kenties liian vähäpätöisiä ollakseen omia luokkiaan, mutta <em>henkilö</em> voisi hyvinkin olla oma luokkansa, jonka vastuulla on sitoa yhteen tietty nimi ja siihen liittyvät puhelinnumerot.</p><p>Myös <em>puhelinluettelo</em> itsessään on potentiaalinen luokka, sen vastuulla on hallinnoida eri henkilöiden tietoja.</p><p>Nämä kaksi luokkaa eli <em>puhelinluettelo</em> ja <em>henkilö</em> muodostavat sovelluksen ytimen, eli niin sanotun <em>sovelluslogiikan</em>. Näiden lisäksi ohjelma tarvitsee muutaman muunkin luokan.</p><p>Käyttäjän kanssa tapahtuvasta interaktiosta huolehtivaa luokkaa ei kannata sotkea sovelluslogiikan kanssa samaan luokkaan - sehän on kokonaan oma vastuunsa. Eli sovelluslogiikan luokkien lisäksi ohjelmalle tulee myös luokka, joka huolehtii ohjelman käyttöliittymästä.</p><p>Talletamme puhelinluettelon tiedot tiedostoon. Myös tiedoston käsittely on selkeästi oma vastuunsa, joten tulemme sisällyttämään siihen käytettävän koodin omaan luokkaansa.</p><p>Kun ohjelman luokkarakenne alkaa pikkuhiljaa hahmottua, nousee kysymykseksi se, mistä ohjelmointi kannattaa aloittaa. Usein paras tapa aloittaa on pienellä palalla sovelluslogiikka.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-1-sovelluslogiikan-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 1: sovelluslogiikan runko<a href=\"#vaihe-1-sovelluslogiikan-runko\" aria-label=\"vaihe 1 sovelluslogiikan runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aloitetaan luokasta <em>Puhelinluettelo</em>. Runko voisi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_numerot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokka pitää siis sisällään listan henkilöitä ja tarjoaa metodit tietojen lisäämiseen ja hakemiseen.</p><p>Jokaiseen henkilöön voi liittyä useita numeroita, joten toteutetaan luettelon sisäinen tila sanakirjan avulla, koska sanakirjasta on helppo hakea nimen perusteella. Sanakirjaan on helppo tallettaa suoraan myös nimeen liittyvät numerot, joten ainakaan tässä vaiheessa ei tarvita erillistä luokkaa yksittäisen henkilön tietojen tallettamiseen.</p><p>Luokka laajenee seuraavasti. Mukana on myös pieni toiminnan varmistava koodinpätkä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># henkilöön liittyy lista puhelinnumeroja</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_numerot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># testikoodi</span>\nluettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"02-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Testikoodin tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>['02-123456']\nNone</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hae_numerot</code> siis palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>, jos henkilö ei löydy luettelosta, jos henkilö löytyy, palautetaan lista joka sisältää henkilön puhelinnumerot.</p><p>Ohjelmoidessa mitä tahansa ohjelmaa kannattaa <em>aina</em> kokeilla, että koodi toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan, ennen kun etenee muuhun koodiin.\nUsein tämä testikoodi on poisheitettävää koodia, ja sikäli voisi ajatella testaamisesta olevan ylimääräistä vaivaa. Lähes 100% tapauksissa ei näin kuitenkaan ole.</p><p>Koodiin tullut bugi kannattaa saada kiinni ja korjata niin pian kuin mahdollista. Jos koodin toimivuuden varmistaa lähes jokaisen uuden koodirivin jälkeen, on debuggaus ja korjaaminen yleensä vaivatonta ja nopeaa, koska tällöin voi olla melko varma siitä, että ongelma johtuu hetki sitten lisätyistä koodiriveistä. Jos taas koodia testataan vasta sen jälkeen kun siihen on lisätty kymmeniä koodirivejä, on virhelähteitä moninkertaisesti.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-2-kayttoliittyman-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 2: käyttöliittymän runko<a href=\"#vaihe-2-kayttoliittyman-runko\" aria-label=\"vaihe 2 kayttoliittyman runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun sovelluslogiikan ydintoiminnallisuus on kunnossa, voidaan edetä sovelluksen tekstikäyttöliittymään. Tehdään sitä varten oma luokka <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>, jonka runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokka saattaa vaikuttaa vielä hämmentävältä, mutta tässä luodaan tosiaan vasta runko toiminnalle. Konstruktori luo puhelinluettelon, jonka olio pitää sisällään. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suorita(self)</code> käynnistää sovelluksen tekstikäyttöliittymän, jonka ytimen muodostaa <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukka, joka kyselee käyttäjältä mikä komento halutaan suorittaa. Ennen toistolauseeseen menemistä ohjelma tulostaa käyttöohjeet, kutsumalla metodia <code class=\"language-text\">ohje(self)</code>. Varsinaiset toiminnot toteutetaan seuraavaksi.</p><p>Laajennetaan käyttöliittymää siten, että luetteloon voidaan lisätä uusia tietoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos valittu komento on tietojen lisäys (eli komento on <em>1</em>), kysyy käyttöliittymä nimen ja numeron käyttäjältä, ja lisää tiedot puhelinluetteloon kutsumalla sopivaa luettelon metodia.</p><p>Käyttöliittymä on siis vastuussa ainoastaan siitä, että se kommunikoi käyttäjän kanssa. Puhelinnumeron säilöminen nimen yhteyteen on jätetty kokonaisuudessan <em>Puhelinluettelo</em>-olion vastuulle.</p><p>Käyttöliittymän rakennetta on mahdollista vielä parannella siten, että tietojen lisäys eriytetään omaan metodiinsa <em>lisays(self)</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># eriytetään uusien tietojen lisääminen omaksi metodiksi</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisays</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Erillisen metodin käyttämisen taustallakin on sama <em>separation of concerns</em> -periaate. Sen sijaan että koko käyttöliittymän toiminnallisuus sijoitettaisiin ison <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukan sisälle, tehdään jokaisesta yksittäisestä toiminnosta oma metodinsa. Tämä helpottaa kokonaisuuden hallintaa. Jos halutaan muokata tietojen lisäämisen toiminnallisuutta, tiedetään heti missä päin relevantti koodi sijaitsee.</p><p>Lisätään käyttöliittymään toiminnallisuus numeroiden hakemista varten. Sijoitetaan sen hoitava koodi heti omaan metodiinsa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"2 haku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisays</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">haku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> numerot <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero ei tiedossa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>haku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sovelluksen perusversio toimii nyt. Seuraavassa esimerkki sovelluksen käytöstä:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisäys\n2 haku</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-4356713</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\n045-4356713</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: Emilia\nnumero ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Koodia on aika paljon, todennäköisesti enemmän kuin jos kaikki olisi ohjelmoitu yhteen pötköön. Koodin rakenne on kuitenkin siistihkö, ja koodin laajentamisenkaan ei pitäisi olla kovin hankalaa.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-3-tietojen-haku-tiedostosta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 3: tietojen haku tiedostosta<a href=\"#vaihe-3-tietojen-haku-tiedostosta\" aria-label=\"vaihe 3 tietojen haku tiedostosta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan ohjelmaa siten, että se lataa käynnistäessään puhelinluettelon tiedostosta, joka on seuraavaa muotoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Erkki;02-1234567;045-4356713</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Emilia;040-324344</span></code></pre></div><p>Tiedoston käsittely on selkeästi oma vastuualueensa, eli toteutetaan sitä varten oma luokka:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tiedostonkasittelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat\n                nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numerot\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimet</code></pre></div><p>Konstruktorin parametrina annetaan tiedoston nimi. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa(self)</code> lukee tiedoston, ja pilkkoo sen rivit sanakirjaksi, missä avain on nimi ja arvona ovat nimeen liittyvät numerot.</p><p>Metodi käyttää erästä Pythonin kätevää ominaisuutta: listasta on mahdollista ottaa ensin yksittäisiä alkioita erikseen nimettyinä muuttujina, sekä loput alkiot uutena listana, kuten seuraavasta esimerkistä käy ilmi. <a href=\"osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\">Luvusta 6</a> muistamme että merkkijonojen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">split</code> tuottaa nimenomaan listan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\neka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>loput <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>loput<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2\n[3, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Sijoituslauseen viimeisen muuttujan nimen edessä on *, ja se tarkoittaa, että viimeiseen muuttujaan kerätään taulukosta loput, eli kolmas ja sitä seuraavat alkiot.</p><p>Tiedostonkäsittelijääkin kannattaa ehdottomasti testata, ennen kuin se pultataan muuhun koodiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">t <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Erkki': ['02-1234567', '045-4356713'], 'Emilia': ['040-324344']}</p></sample-output><p>Kun tiedostosta lukemisen todetaan toimivan, liitetään koodi muuhun ohjelmaan. Looginen paikka tiedoston lukemiseen on se hetki kun sovellus käynnistyy, eli luokan <em>PuhelinluetteloSovellus</em> konstruktori:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># listään tiedostossa olevat nimet luetteloon</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Tiedoston lukua osana PuhelinLuetteloSovellusta kannattaa myös testata. Kun on varmistettu, että tiedoston sisältö saadaan ladattua luetteloon, voidaan edetä viimeiseen vaiheeseen.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-4-tietojen-talletus-tiedostoon\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 4: tietojen talletus tiedostoon<a href=\"#vaihe-4-tietojen-talletus-tiedostoon\" aria-label=\"vaihe 4 tietojen talletus tiedostoon permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viimeistellään ohjelman alustava versio vielä siten, että se tallentaa lopetettaessa puhelinluettelon takaisin tiedostoon.</p><p>Tätä varten luokkaa <em>Puhelinluettelo</em> tulee laajentaa siten, että sieltä saadaan tallennusta varten kaikki tiedot ulos:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># palautetaan tiedostoon tallentamista varten kaikki tiedot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_tiedot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot</code></pre></div><p>Tallennus on luonnollisesti luokan <em>Tiedostonkasittelija</em> vastuulla, eli laajennetaan sitä metodilla <em>talleta</em>, joka saa parametriksi puhelinluetteloa edustavan sanakirjan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tiedostonkasittelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">talleta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> numerot\n                f<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tallennus tapahtuu samalla kun sovelluksen käyttö lopetetaan. Tehdään tätäkin tarkoitusta varten oma metodinsa ja kutsutaan sitä sopivassa kohdassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># metodi, joka suoritetaan lopetettaessa sovelluksen käyttö</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lopetus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>talleta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lopetus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>haku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelon laajennus, osa 1' tmcname='osa10-10_puhelinluettelo_osa1'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään pieni laajennus puhelinluettelosovellukseen. Yllä kehitetty koodi löytyy tehtäväpohjasta. Laajenna ratkaisuasi komennolla, joka mahdollistaa nimen etsimisen numeron perusteella. Laajennuksen jälkeen sovelluksen pitäisi toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisäys\n2 haku\n3 haku numeron perusteella</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-4356713</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong>\nErkki</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnumero: <strong>0100100</strong>\ntuntematon numero</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Tee laajennus sitten, että kunnioitat ohjelman rakennetta. Eli lisää luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> uutta ominaisuutta varten sopiva apumetodi sekä oma haara while-silmukkaan. Lisää myös sovelluslogiikkaan eli luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> metodi, joka mahdollistaa nimen hakemisen numeron perusteella.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"olioita-sanakirjassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olioita sanakirjassa<a href=\"#olioita-sanakirjassa\" aria-label=\"olioita sanakirjassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa tehtävässä on tarkoitus muuttaa puhelinluetteloa siten, että sanakirjan arvoksi talletetaan tavallisten listojen sijaan <em>olioita</em>.</p><p>Periaatteessa asiassa ei ole mitään ihmeellistä, mutta kurssilla ei vielä ole näin tehty, joten tutkitaan ennen tehtävää hieman samantapaista, mutta yksinkertaisempaa esimerkkiä.</p><p>Tehdään sovellus, jonka avulla voidaan pitää kirjaa siitä, kuinka monta tehtävää opiskelijat ovat tehneet kurssin aikana. Kunkin opiskelijan tehtävämäärä lasketaan yksinkertaisen olion avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tehtavalaskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">merkkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tehtyja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia</code></pre></div><p>Luokkaa käyttävä pääohjelma on seuraavassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkataan tehtäviä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelija: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># luodaan tarvittaessa olio tehtävämäärän laskemista varten</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># merkataan tehdyksi nimeä vastaavaan olioon</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tehdyt tehtävät:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehtavat <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> tehtäviä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtyja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><sample-output><p>merkataan tehtäviä\nopiskelija: <strong>pekka</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>antti</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>juuso</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>juuso</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>antti</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija:</p><p>tehdyt tehtävät:\npekka tehtäviä 1 kpl\nantti tehtäviä 2 kpl\nsara tehtäviä 3 kpl\njuuso tehtäviä 2 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä on parikin huomionarvoista seikkaa. Kun opiskelijan nimi syötetään, tarkastetaan aina ensin onko opiskelijaa vastaava olio jo sanakirjassa. Jos olioa ei ole, luodaan se:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen <em>tiedetään</em> että olio on olemassa. Se on joko luotu juuri äsken tai jo aiemmalla silmukan kierroksella. Haetaan olio sanakirjasta, ja kutsutaan sen metodia <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Rivillä tapahtuu oikeastaan kaksi asiaa, ja sama voitaisiin kirjoittaa siten, että sanakirjasta haettu olio sijoitettaisiin apumuuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijan_laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelijan_laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että vaikka olio sijoitettaisiin apumuuttujaan, se <em>ei tarkoita</em> että olio poistuisi sanakirjasta tai oliosta syntyisi kopio. Apumuuttuja on ainoastaan <em>viite</em> sanakirjassa olevaan olioon.</p><p>Esimerkin koodia kannattaa <strong>ehdottomasti</strong> kokeilla <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorissa</a> jos ei ole aivan 100% varma siitä, miten koodi toimii.</p><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelon laajennus, osa 2' tmcname='osa10-11_puhelinluettelo_osa2'><p>Tässä tehtävässä laajennetaan puhelinluettelosovellusta siten, että henkilöihin voi liittyä myös osoite. Yksinkertaisuuden vuoksi koodista on kuitenkin poistettu tiedostoon tallentaminen. Myös muutama metodi on uudelleennimetty vastaamaan paremmin laajennuksen jälkeistä tilannetta.</p><h2 id=\"luokka-henkilon-tietojen-esittamiseen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka henkilön tietojen esittämiseen<a href=\"#luokka-henkilon-tietojen-esittamiseen\" aria-label=\"luokka henkilon tietojen esittamiseen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Siirretään henkilön tietojen (eli puhelinnumerojen sekä osoitteen) esittäminen oman luokkansa <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> vastuulle. Toteuta luokka siten, että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhenkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"040-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhenkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mannerheimintie 10 Helsinki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Erkki\n[]\nNone\n['040-123456']\nMannerheimintie 10 Helsinki</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"puhelinluettelo-kayttamaan-luokkaa-henkilo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Puhelinluettelo käyttämään luokkaa Henkilo<a href=\"#puhelinluettelo-kayttamaan-luokkaa-henkilo\" aria-label=\"puhelinluettelo kayttamaan luokkaa henkilo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuta koodiasi siten, että se toimii käyttäjän näkökulmasta täysin samoin kuin aiemmin, mutta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> tallettaakin henkilöt sisäisesti käyttäen luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> olioita. Käytännössä siis oliomuuttujana <code class=\"language-text\">__henkilot</code> tulee olla sanakirja, johon listojen sijaan talletetaan henkilö-olioita.</p><p><strong>VAROITUS:</strong> kun teet koodiin tämän tehtävän kaltaista rakenteellista muutosta, etene pienin askelin. Älä missään tapauksessa yritä tehdä kaikkea kerrallaan, se on <strong>varma keino ajautua pahoihin ongelmiin</strong>.</p><p>Sopiva pieni askel nyt voi olla se, että tarkastat ensin erikseen luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> toimivuuden. Esimerkiksi seuraavan koodin tulee toimia kuten olettaa saattaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"02-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tehtävässä ei tarkisteta, millainen tulostusasu <code class=\"language-text\">hae_tiedot</code>-metodin palauttamalla tuloksella on, mutta varmista ettei koodi aiheuta virheitä, ja että tulos on järkevä. Kun olet 100% varma, että kaikki toimii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> osalta, voit edetä varmistamaan, että kaikki toimii edelleen entiseen tapaan käyttöliittymää käytettäessä.</p><h2 id=\"osoitteen-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osoitteen lisääminen<a href=\"#osoitteen-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"osoitteen lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajenna nyt sovellusta siten, että puhelinluetteloon on mahdollista tallettaa myös henkilöiden osoitteet. Ohjelman tulisi toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 nimen lisäys\n2 haku\n3 osoitteen lisäys</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Emilia</strong>\nosoite: <strong>Viherlaaksontie 7, Espoo</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\nosoite ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Emilia</strong>\nnumero ei tiedossa\nViherlaaksontie 7, Espoo</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nosoite: <strong>Linnankatu 75, Turku</strong></p><p>komento: 2\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\nLinnankatu 75, Turku</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Wilhelm</strong>\nosoite ei tiedossa\nnumero ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p><strong>VAROITUS ja vihje:</strong> kuten tehtävän edellisessä osassa sanottiin, älä missään tapauksessa yritä tehdä kaikkea kerrallaan, se on <strong>varma keino ajautua pahoihin ongelmiin</strong>.</p><p>Varmista ensin että voit lisätä osoitteita luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> ja kun olet 100% varma, että se toimii, voit laajentaa sovelluksen käyttöliittymää uuden toiminnallisuuden osalta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"erinaisia-huomioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Erinäisiä huomioita<a href=\"#erinaisia-huomioita\" aria-label=\"erinaisia huomioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Puhelinluetteloesimerkki noudattaa rakenteeltaan melko klassisia hyvän olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteita. Kantavana ideana on siis ohjelman eri vastuualueiden jaottelu erillisiin luokkiin ja metodeihin. Eräs suurimmista motiiveista tällaiselle jaottelulle on monimutkaisuuden hallinta. Toinen tärkeä syy on se, että oikein tehty koodin jaottelu - tai <em>modularisointi</em> kuten ammattijargon asian ilmaisee - tekee koodista potentiaalisesti helpomman ylläpitää ja laajentaa.</p><p>Oikeissa ohjelmistoissa ylivoimaisesti suurimman kustannuserän aiheuttaa juuri ylläpito (eli bugien korjailu) sekä ohjelman laajentaminen, joten tällä seikalla on taloudellisesti erittäin suuri merkitys.</p><p>Nostetaan esimerkistä esiin vielä pari tärkeää seikkaa. Koodi ilmentää hyvin sitä, miten sovelluslogiikan varsinainen ydin on eriytetty sekä käyttöliittymästä, että datan tallettamisesta. Tämä on tärkeää muutamastakin syystä. Ensinnäkin se mahdollistaa koodin testailun pienemmissä yksiköissä, luokka ja metodi kerrallaan. Toisaalta koska sovelluslogiikka ei nyt riipu käyttöliittymästä tai tiedon talletustavasta, on esim. käyttöliittymää mahdollista muuttaa (ainakin johonkin pisteeseen asti) rikkomatta muuta sovellusta.</p><p>Tiedostojen käsittelyn suhteen kannattaa myös huomata se, että ohjelma lukee tiedostoa ainoastaan kerran, käynnistysvaiheessa. Tämän jälkeen kaikki tieto säilytetään ohjelman muuttujissa. Ohjelma tallettaa tiedot kokonaisuudessaan, eli käytännössä uudelleenkirjoittaa tiedoston joka kerta kokonaan uudestaan. Tiedostojen käsittely kannattaa lähes kaikissa tapauksissa tehdä näin.</p><p>Hyvän koodin kirjoittamisesta kerrotaan lisää esimerkiksi Robert Martinin mainiossa kirjassa <a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Clean-Code-Handbook-Software-Craftsmanship/dp/0132350882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clean Code</a>. Kirjan koodiesimerkit on kuitenkin toteutettu Javalla, eli esimerkkien lukeminen saattaa tässä vaiheessa olla vielä varsin työlästä. Paneudumme ylläpidettävyydeltään ja laajennettavuudeltaan laadukkaan koodin toteuttamiseen tarkemmin kursseilla <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotekniikka</a> ja <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotuotanto</a>.</p><p>Hyvän olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteiden mukaisen koodin kirjoittamisella on myös hintansa. Koodia tulee todennäköisesti enemmän kuin jos sama ongelma ratkaistaisiin yhteen pötköön kirjoitetulla spagettikoodilla. Ohjelmoijan onkin aina ratkaistava se, minkälainen lähestymistapa on paras kuhunkin tilanteeseen. Joskus voi olla vain parasta häkkeröidä kasaan nopeasti jotain joka toimii nyt. Jos taas on odotettavissa, että samaa koodia tullaan jatkossa laajentamaan. joko koodarin itsensä tai jonkun muun toimesta, on todennäköisesti kannattavaa panostaa koodin luettavuuteen ja jäsentämiseen jossain määrin jo alkuvaiheissa.</p><p>Harjoitellaan vielä isomman ohjelmakokonaisuuden toteuttamista yhden ohjelmointitehtävän verran.</p><programming-exercise name='Opintorekisteri' tmcname='osa10-12_opintorekisteri'><p>Tee interaktiivinen ohjelma, jonka avulla voit pitää kirjaa opintomenestyksestäsi. Sovelluksen rakenteen saat päättää itse, mutta nyt on hyvä tilaisuus harjoitella Puhelinluettelo-esimerkin kaltaisen oliorakenteen muodostamista.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>1 lisää suoritus\n2 hae suoritus\n3 tilastot\n0 lopetus</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>3</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 3</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>5</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 5</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>1</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 5</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Java-ohjelmointi</strong>\nei suoritusta</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Tira</strong>\narvosana: <strong>1</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>10</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Tilpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>2</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Lapio</strong>\narvosana: <strong>4</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>1</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Lama</strong>\narvosana: <strong>5</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>8</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nsuorituksia 5 kurssilta, yhteensä 29 opintopistettä\nkeskiarvo 3.4\narvosanajakauma\n5: xx\n4: x\n3:\n2: x\n1: x</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Muutama huomio: kultakin kurssilta tallentuu ainoastaan yksi arvosana. Arvosanaa voi korottaa, mutta se ei voi laskea.</p><p>Tehtävästä on tarjolla kaksi tehtäväpistettä. Ensimmäisen pisteen saa jos toiminnot 1 ja 2 sekä lopetus toimivat. Toisen pisteen saa jos myös toiminto 3 on toteutettu.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"epilogi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Epilogi<a href=\"#epilogi\" aria-label=\"epilogi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Palataan vielä hetkeksi tarkastelemaan puhelinluetteloesimerkkiä, ja sen käyttöliittymän toteuttavaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>-olio pitää siis sisällään sekä <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code>-olion että <code class=\"language-text\">Tiedostonkasittelija</code>-olion. Jos olisimme ammattikoodareita, tekisimme sovellukseen pienen muutoksen. Nyt nimittäin se, että sovellus käyttää nimenomaan tiedostoa <em>luettelo.txt</em> tallentamaan luettelon tiedot, on sovelluksen <em>käyttöliittymän</em> kannalta täysin turha deltaji. Jos tiedosto haluttaisiin vaihtaa, edellyttäisi se muutosta luokan <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> koodiin. Tämä taas ei ole hyvä <em>separation of concerns</em> -periaatetta ajatellen, sillä puhelinluettelon tallentaminen ei kuulu ollenkaan käyttöliittymästä huolehtivan luokan vastuisiin.</p><p>Parempi vaihtoehto olisikin luoda tiedostokäsittelijä muualla ja antaa se <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>-oliolle, esimerkiksi konstruktorin parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luodaan tallennuksen hoitava olio</span>\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ja annetaan se PuhelinluetteloSovellus-oliolle konsturuktorin parametrina</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin on saatu poistettua luokalta <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> <em>turha riippuvuus</em> käsiteltävän tiedoston nimeen. Jos tiedoston nimi muuttuu, ei luokan koodiin tarvitse koskea ollenkaan. Riittää ainoastaan, että oliolle annetaan hieman erilainen konstruktoriparametri:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># vaihdetaan tiedostoa</span>\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_luettelotiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä sama tekniikka mahdollistaa sen, että siirrytäänkin tallentamaan puhelinluettelo tiedoston sijaan esimerkiksi internetissä olevaan pilvipalveluun. On vain kirjoitettava pilvipalvelua käyttävä luokka, joka tarjoaa puhelinluettelosovellukselle samanlaiset metodit kuin <code class=\"language-text\">Tiedostonkasittelija</code>. Tämän luokan olio voidaan antaa sovellukselle, ilman että sovelluksen koodista tulee muuttaa riviäkään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">InternetTallennin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># koodi joka tallentaa luettelon tiedot internetissä olevaan pilvipalveluun</span>\n\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> InternetTallennin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"amazon-cloud\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mluukkai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"passwrd\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten aiemmin todettiin, on tämän kaltaisten tekniikoiden käytöllä oma hintansa: koodia tulee enemmän, ja ohjelmoijan tulee harkita milloin se hinta kannattaa maksaa.</p><p>Tässä esitelty tekniikka (joka kulkee ammattijargonissa nimellä <em>dependency injection</em>), missä oliolle annetaan ulkopuolelta käsin sen tarvitsema <em>riippuvuus</em> (eli käytännössä jokin muu olio) on erittäin tyypillinen kikka ammattimaisessa koodauksessa, muun muassa siksi, että se helpottaa ohjelmistojen laajentamista sekä niiden automatisoitua testaamista. Jatkamme teeman käsittelyä kursseilla <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotekniikka</a> ja <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotuotanto</a>.</p><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"adf5276f-057a-5ac0-85b1-024443782145\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Laajemman sovelluksen kehittäminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/4-laajempi-sovellus.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Tämän luokan olio voidaan antaa sovellukselle, ilman että sovelluksen koodista tulee muuttaa riviäkään:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"class"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","class-name"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"InternetTallennin"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# koodi joka tallentaa luettelon tiedot internetissä olevaan pilvipalveluun"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\ntallennuspalvelu "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" InternetTallennin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"amazon-cloud\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"mluukkai\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"passwrd\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsovellus "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" PuhelinluetteloSovellus"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tallennuspalvelu"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsovellus"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"suorita"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kuten aiemmin todettiin, on tämän kaltaisten tekniikoiden käytöllä oma hintansa: koodia tulee enemmän, ja ohjelmoijan tulee harkita milloin se hinta kannattaa maksaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä esitelty tekniikka (joka kulkee ammattijargonissa nimellä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dependency injection"}]},{"type":"text","value":"), missä oliolle annetaan ulkopuolelta käsin sen tarvitsema "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"riippuvuus"}]},{"type":"text","value":" (eli käytännössä jokin muu olio) on erittäin tyypillinen kikka ammattimaisessa koodauksessa, muun muassa siksi, että se helpottaa ohjelmistojen laajentamista sekä niiden automatisoitua testaamista. Jatkamme teeman käsittelyä kursseilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotekniikka"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotuotanto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"adf5276f-057a-5ac0-85b1-024443782145"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tässä osiossa</p><ul>\n<li>Käydään läpi hieman laajemman sovelluksen tekemiseen liittyviä seikkoja</li>\n<li>Erityinen fokus on sovelluksen eri osa-alueiden (käyttöliittymä, sovelluslogiikka ja tiedostojen käsittely) eriyttämisessä</li>\n<li>Harjoitellaan laajemman sovelluksen toteuttamista itse</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden ja jatkokurssin aikana on esitelty suuri määrä Pythonin tarjoamia ominaisuuksia.</p><p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteissa tutustuttiin kielen kontrollirakenteisiin (while ja for), funktioihin sekä perustietorakenteisiin eli listaan ja sanakirjaan. Näytti jo hetken siltä että muuta ei tarvitakaan. Periaatteessa näin onkin: ohjelmoinnin perusteiden kalustolla pystyy ilmaisemaan kaiken mikä Pythonilla on ylipäätään ilmaistavissa.</p><p>Jatkokurssin alussa, eli kurssin osassa 8 pakkaa ruvettiin kuitenkin hämmentämään tuomalla mukaan luokat ja oliot. Milloin ja ylipäätään <em>miksi</em> olioita tulisi käyttää jos kurssin osien 1-7 kalusto on jo ilmaisuvoimaltaan riittävä?</p><h2 id=\"monimutkaisuuden-hallintaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monimutkaisuuden hallintaa<a href=\"#monimutkaisuuden-hallintaa\" aria-label=\"monimutkaisuuden hallintaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Monissa tilanteissa voi ja varmasti kannattaakin olla käyttämättä oliota. Esimerkiksi jos koodataan pieni \"kertakäyttöinen\" apuohjelma, ei ehkä ole mitään tarvetta olioille. Tilanne alkaa muuttua, kun siirrytään hieman suuremman kokoluokan ohjelmiin.</p><p>Kun ohjelma laajenee, alkaa sen sisältämien yksityiskohtien määrä nousta hallitsemattomaksi, ellei ohjelmaa jäsennellä jollain järkevällä tavalla. Itse asiassa jo ohjelmoinnin perusteiden tehtävissä oli havaittavissa varsin monimutkaisia ratkaisuja, joiden ymmärtämisessä jopa alan ammattilaisilla on vaikeuksia.</p><p>Käsite <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Separation of concerns</a> on ollut jo vuosikymmeniä eräs ohjelmoinnin ja koko tietojenkäsittelyn keskeisiä teemoja. Wikipedian mukaan käsitteellä tarkoitetaan seuraavaa</p><p><em>Separation of concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections such that each section addresses a separate concern. A concern is a set of information that affects the code of a computer program</em></p><p>Kyse on ohjelman suunnittelua ohjaavasta periaatteesta, jonka mukaan ohjelmakoodi jäsennellään pienempiin osiin, joista kukin huolehtii vain omasta \"tontistaan\". Kuhunkin osaan tehdyt muutokset vaikuttavat - periaatteen mukaisesti - vain rajattuun alueeseen ohjelmassa, joten ohjelmien väistämätöntä monimutkaisuutta on helpompi hallita.</p><p>Funktiot ovat yksi mekanismi tämän tavoitteen saavuttamiseen. Sen sijaan että ohjelma kirjoitetaan yhtenä isona kokonaisuutena, koostetaan se pienistä funktioista, joista kukin ratkaisee pienen osan ongelmasta.</p><p>Olio-ohjelmointi tarjoaa funktioita jossain määrin ilmaisuvoimaisemman ja joidenkin mielestä \"paremman\" tavan saavuttaa sama tavoite. Kuten olemme nähneet, olioiden avulla on mahdollista koota samaan asiaan liittyvä data ja sitä käsittelevä koodi, eli olion metodit, samaan paikkaan. Oliot tarjoavat myös mekanismin käsittelemänsä datan kapselointiin, joka taas tavallaan on keino piilottaa \"turhia\" yksityiskohtia olion ulkopuoliselta osalta ohjelmaa.</p><h2 id=\"esimerkki-puhelinluettelo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki: puhelinluettelo<a href=\"#esimerkki-puhelinluettelo\" aria-label=\"esimerkki puhelinluettelo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Miten ohjelma sitten tulisi jakaa luokkiin ja olioihin? Kysymys ei ole helppo, ja asiaa on helpompi pohdiskella konkreettisen esimerkin kautta. Toteutetaan esimerkkinä olio-ohjelmointia hyödyntäen hieman samantyylinen puhelinluettelo, joka oli aiheena ohjelmoinnin perusteiden viidennen osan <a href=\"/osa-5/3-dictionary#programming-exercise-puhelinluettelo-versio-2\">tehtävässä</a>.</p><p>Separation of concerns -periaatetta noudatellen koodi tulee jakaa osiin, joista kukin käsittelee omaa asiaansa. Olio-ohjelmoinnin piirissä tätä periaatetta ilmentää niin sanottu <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-responsibility_principle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yhden vastuun (single responsibility)</a> -periaate. Ei mennä sen tarkemmin periaatteen yksityiskohtiin, mutta maalaisjärjellä ajatellen periaatteen nimi jo kertoo mistä on kyse: <em>yksittäisen luokan olioiden tulisi olla vastuussa yhdestä asiasta</em>.</p><p>Olioita käytettäessä ohjelmointiongelman \"reaalimaailman asioita\" vastaa yleensä oma luokkansa. Puhelinluettelon tapauksessa tälläisiä reaalimaailman asioita olisivat esimerkiksi:</p><ul>\n<li>henkilö</li>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>puhelinnumero</li>\n</ul><p>Näistä nimi ja puhelinnumero ovat kenties liian vähäpätöisiä ollakseen omia luokkiaan, mutta <em>henkilö</em> voisi hyvinkin olla oma luokkansa, jonka vastuulla on sitoa yhteen tietty nimi ja siihen liittyvät puhelinnumerot.</p><p>Myös <em>puhelinluettelo</em> itsessään on potentiaalinen luokka, sen vastuulla on hallinnoida eri henkilöiden tietoja.</p><p>Nämä kaksi luokkaa eli <em>puhelinluettelo</em> ja <em>henkilö</em> muodostavat sovelluksen ytimen, eli niin sanotun <em>sovelluslogiikan</em>. Näiden lisäksi ohjelma tarvitsee muutaman muunkin luokan.</p><p>Käyttäjän kanssa tapahtuvasta interaktiosta huolehtivaa luokkaa ei kannata sotkea sovelluslogiikan kanssa samaan luokkaan - sehän on kokonaan oma vastuunsa. Eli sovelluslogiikan luokkien lisäksi ohjelmalle tulee myös luokka, joka huolehtii ohjelman käyttöliittymästä.</p><p>Talletamme puhelinluettelon tiedot tiedostoon. Myös tiedoston käsittely on selkeästi oma vastuunsa, joten tulemme sisällyttämään siihen käytettävän koodin omaan luokkaansa.</p><p>Kun ohjelman luokkarakenne alkaa pikkuhiljaa hahmottua, nousee kysymykseksi se, mistä ohjelmointi kannattaa aloittaa. Usein paras tapa aloittaa on pienellä palalla sovelluslogiikka.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-1-sovelluslogiikan-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 1: sovelluslogiikan runko<a href=\"#vaihe-1-sovelluslogiikan-runko\" aria-label=\"vaihe 1 sovelluslogiikan runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aloitetaan luokasta <em>Puhelinluettelo</em>. Runko voisi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_numerot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Luokka pitää siis sisällään listan henkilöitä ja tarjoaa metodit tietojen lisäämiseen ja hakemiseen.</p><p>Jokaiseen henkilöön voi liittyä useita numeroita, joten toteutetaan luettelon sisäinen tila sanakirjan avulla, koska sanakirjasta on helppo hakea nimen perusteella. Sanakirjaan on helppo tallettaa suoraan myös nimeen liittyvät numerot, joten ainakaan tässä vaiheessa ei tarvita erillistä luokkaa yksittäisen henkilön tietojen tallettamiseen.</p><p>Luokka laajenee seuraavasti. Mukana on myös pieni toiminnan varmistava koodinpätkä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># henkilöön liittyy lista puhelinnumeroja</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_numerot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># testikoodi</span>\nluettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"02-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Testikoodin tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>['02-123456']\nNone</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hae_numerot</code> siis palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>, jos henkilö ei löydy luettelosta, jos henkilö löytyy, palautetaan lista joka sisältää henkilön puhelinnumerot.</p><p>Ohjelmoidessa mitä tahansa ohjelmaa kannattaa <em>aina</em> kokeilla, että koodi toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan, ennen kun etenee muuhun koodiin.\nUsein tämä testikoodi on poisheitettävää koodia, ja sikäli voisi ajatella testaamisesta olevan ylimääräistä vaivaa. Lähes 100% tapauksissa ei näin kuitenkaan ole.</p><p>Koodiin tullut bugi kannattaa saada kiinni ja korjata niin pian kuin mahdollista. Jos koodin toimivuuden varmistaa lähes jokaisen uuden koodirivin jälkeen, on debuggaus ja korjaaminen yleensä vaivatonta ja nopeaa, koska tällöin voi olla melko varma siitä, että ongelma johtuu hetki sitten lisätyistä koodiriveistä. Jos taas koodia testataan vasta sen jälkeen kun siihen on lisätty kymmeniä koodirivejä, on virhelähteitä moninkertaisesti.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-2-kayttoliittyman-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 2: käyttöliittymän runko<a href=\"#vaihe-2-kayttoliittyman-runko\" aria-label=\"vaihe 2 kayttoliittyman runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun sovelluslogiikan ydintoiminnallisuus on kunnossa, voidaan edetä sovelluksen tekstikäyttöliittymään. Tehdään sitä varten oma luokka <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>, jonka runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokka saattaa vaikuttaa vielä hämmentävältä, mutta tässä luodaan tosiaan vasta runko toiminnalle. Konstruktori luo puhelinluettelon, jonka olio pitää sisällään. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suorita(self)</code> käynnistää sovelluksen tekstikäyttöliittymän, jonka ytimen muodostaa <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukka, joka kyselee käyttäjältä mikä komento halutaan suorittaa. Ennen toistolauseeseen menemistä ohjelma tulostaa käyttöohjeet, kutsumalla metodia <code class=\"language-text\">ohje(self)</code>. Varsinaiset toiminnot toteutetaan seuraavaksi.</p><p>Laajennetaan käyttöliittymää siten, että luetteloon voidaan lisätä uusia tietoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos valittu komento on tietojen lisäys (eli komento on <em>1</em>), kysyy käyttöliittymä nimen ja numeron käyttäjältä, ja lisää tiedot puhelinluetteloon kutsumalla sopivaa luettelon metodia.</p><p>Käyttöliittymä on siis vastuussa ainoastaan siitä, että se kommunikoi käyttäjän kanssa. Puhelinnumeron säilöminen nimen yhteyteen on jätetty kokonaisuudessan <em>Puhelinluettelo</em>-olion vastuulle.</p><p>Käyttöliittymän rakennetta on mahdollista vielä parannella siten, että tietojen lisäys eriytetään omaan metodiinsa <em>lisays(self)</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># eriytetään uusien tietojen lisääminen omaksi metodiksi</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisays</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Erillisen metodin käyttämisen taustallakin on sama <em>separation of concerns</em> -periaate. Sen sijaan että koko käyttöliittymän toiminnallisuus sijoitettaisiin ison <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukan sisälle, tehdään jokaisesta yksittäisestä toiminnosta oma metodinsa. Tämä helpottaa kokonaisuuden hallintaa. Jos halutaan muokata tietojen lisäämisen toiminnallisuutta, tiedetään heti missä päin relevantti koodi sijaitsee.</p><p>Lisätään käyttöliittymään toiminnallisuus numeroiden hakemista varten. Sijoitetaan sen hoitava koodi heti omaan metodiinsa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ohje</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komennot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"0 lopetus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1 lisäys\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"2 haku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisays</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">haku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> numerot <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"numero ei tiedossa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>haku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sovelluksen perusversio toimii nyt. Seuraavassa esimerkki sovelluksen käytöstä:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisäys\n2 haku</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-4356713</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\n045-4356713</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: Emilia\nnumero ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Koodia on aika paljon, todennäköisesti enemmän kuin jos kaikki olisi ohjelmoitu yhteen pötköön. Koodin rakenne on kuitenkin siistihkö, ja koodin laajentamisenkaan ei pitäisi olla kovin hankalaa.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-3-tietojen-haku-tiedostosta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 3: tietojen haku tiedostosta<a href=\"#vaihe-3-tietojen-haku-tiedostosta\" aria-label=\"vaihe 3 tietojen haku tiedostosta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan ohjelmaa siten, että se lataa käynnistäessään puhelinluettelon tiedostosta, joka on seuraavaa muotoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Erkki;02-1234567;045-4356713</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Emilia;040-324344</span></code></pre></div><p>Tiedoston käsittely on selkeästi oma vastuualueensa, eli toteutetaan sitä varten oma luokka:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tiedostonkasittelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat\n                nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numerot\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimet</code></pre></div><p>Konstruktorin parametrina annetaan tiedoston nimi. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa(self)</code> lukee tiedoston, ja pilkkoo sen rivit sanakirjaksi, missä avain on nimi ja arvona ovat nimeen liittyvät numerot.</p><p>Metodi käyttää erästä Pythonin kätevää ominaisuutta: listasta on mahdollista ottaa ensin yksittäisiä alkioita erikseen nimettyinä muuttujina, sekä loput alkiot uutena listana, kuten seuraavasta esimerkistä käy ilmi. <a href=\"osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\">Luvusta 6</a> muistamme että merkkijonojen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">split</code> tuottaa nimenomaan listan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\neka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toka<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>loput <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>loput<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2\n[3, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Sijoituslauseen viimeisen muuttujan nimen edessä on *, ja se tarkoittaa, että viimeiseen muuttujaan kerätään taulukosta loput, eli kolmas ja sitä seuraavat alkiot.</p><p>Tiedostonkäsittelijääkin kannattaa ehdottomasti testata, ennen kuin se pultataan muuhun koodiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">t <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Erkki': ['02-1234567', '045-4356713'], 'Emilia': ['040-324344']}</p></sample-output><p>Kun tiedostosta lukemisen todetaan toimivan, liitetään koodi muuhun ohjelmaan. Looginen paikka tiedoston lukemiseen on se hetki kun sovellus käynnistyy, eli luokan <em>PuhelinluetteloSovellus</em> konstruktori:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># listään tiedostossa olevat nimet luetteloon</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Tiedoston lukua osana PuhelinLuetteloSovellusta kannattaa myös testata. Kun on varmistettu, että tiedoston sisältö saadaan ladattua luetteloon, voidaan edetä viimeiseen vaiheeseen.</p><h2 id=\"vaihe-4-tietojen-talletus-tiedostoon\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihe 4: tietojen talletus tiedostoon<a href=\"#vaihe-4-tietojen-talletus-tiedostoon\" aria-label=\"vaihe 4 tietojen talletus tiedostoon permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viimeistellään ohjelman alustava versio vielä siten, että se tallentaa lopetettaessa puhelinluettelon takaisin tiedostoon.</p><p>Tätä varten luokkaa <em>Puhelinluettelo</em> tulee laajentaa siten, että sieltä saadaan tallennusta varten kaikki tiedot ulos:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinluettelo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># palautetaan tiedostoon tallentamista varten kaikki tiedot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kaikki_tiedot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__henkilot</code></pre></div><p>Tallennus on luonnollisesti luokan <em>Tiedostonkasittelija</em> vastuulla, eli laajennetaan sitä metodilla <em>talleta</em>, joka saa parametriksi puhelinluetteloa edustavan sanakirjan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tiedostonkasittelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">talleta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dict</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> f<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> numerot\n                f<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tallennus tapahtuu samalla kun sovelluksen käyttö lopetetaan. Tehdään tätäkin tarkoitusta varten oma metodinsa ja kutsutaan sitä sopivassa kohdassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># metodi, joka suoritetaan lopetettaessa sovelluksen käyttö</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lopetus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>talleta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            komento <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"komento: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lopetus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> komento <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>haku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ohje<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelon laajennus, osa 1' tmcname='osa10-10_puhelinluettelo_osa1'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään pieni laajennus puhelinluettelosovellukseen. Yllä kehitetty koodi löytyy tehtäväpohjasta. Laajenna ratkaisuasi komennolla, joka mahdollistaa nimen etsimisen numeron perusteella. Laajennuksen jälkeen sovelluksen pitäisi toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisäys\n2 haku\n3 haku numeron perusteella</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-4356713</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong>\nErkki</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnumero: <strong>0100100</strong>\ntuntematon numero</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Tee laajennus sitten, että kunnioitat ohjelman rakennetta. Eli lisää luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> uutta ominaisuutta varten sopiva apumetodi sekä oma haara while-silmukkaan. Lisää myös sovelluslogiikkaan eli luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> metodi, joka mahdollistaa nimen hakemisen numeron perusteella.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"olioita-sanakirjassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olioita sanakirjassa<a href=\"#olioita-sanakirjassa\" aria-label=\"olioita sanakirjassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa tehtävässä on tarkoitus muuttaa puhelinluetteloa siten, että sanakirjan arvoksi talletetaan tavallisten listojen sijaan <em>olioita</em>.</p><p>Periaatteessa asiassa ei ole mitään ihmeellistä, mutta kurssilla ei vielä ole näin tehty, joten tutkitaan ennen tehtävää hieman samantapaista, mutta yksinkertaisempaa esimerkkiä.</p><p>Tehdään sovellus, jonka avulla voidaan pitää kirjaa siitä, kuinka monta tehtävää opiskelijat ovat tehneet kurssin aikana. Kunkin opiskelijan tehtävämäärä lasketaan yksinkertaisen olion avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tehtavalaskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">merkkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tehtyja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tehtavia</code></pre></div><p>Luokkaa käyttävä pääohjelma on seuraavassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkataan tehtäviä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelija: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># luodaan tarvittaessa olio tehtävämäärän laskemista varten</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># merkataan tehdyksi nimeä vastaavaan olioon</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tehdyt tehtävät:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehtavat <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> tehtäviä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtyja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><sample-output><p>merkataan tehtäviä\nopiskelija: <strong>pekka</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>antti</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>juuso</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>juuso</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>antti</strong>\nopiskelija: <strong>sara</strong>\nopiskelija:</p><p>tehdyt tehtävät:\npekka tehtäviä 1 kpl\nantti tehtäviä 2 kpl\nsara tehtäviä 3 kpl\njuuso tehtäviä 2 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä on parikin huomionarvoista seikkaa. Kun opiskelijan nimi syötetään, tarkastetaan aina ensin onko opiskelijaa vastaava olio jo sanakirjassa. Jos olioa ei ole, luodaan se:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen <em>tiedetään</em> että olio on olemassa. Se on joko luotu juuri äsken tai jo aiemmalla silmukan kierroksella. Haetaan olio sanakirjasta, ja kutsutaan sen metodia <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Rivillä tapahtuu oikeastaan kaksi asiaa, ja sama voitaisiin kirjoittaa siten, että sanakirjasta haettu olio sijoitettaisiin apumuuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijan_laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelijan_laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että vaikka olio sijoitettaisiin apumuuttujaan, se <em>ei tarkoita</em> että olio poistuisi sanakirjasta tai oliosta syntyisi kopio. Apumuuttuja on ainoastaan <em>viite</em> sanakirjassa olevaan olioon.</p><p>Esimerkin koodia kannattaa <strong>ehdottomasti</strong> kokeilla <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorissa</a> jos ei ole aivan 100% varma siitä, miten koodi toimii.</p><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelon laajennus, osa 2' tmcname='osa10-11_puhelinluettelo_osa2'><p>Tässä tehtävässä laajennetaan puhelinluettelosovellusta siten, että henkilöihin voi liittyä myös osoite. Yksinkertaisuuden vuoksi koodista on kuitenkin poistettu tiedostoon tallentaminen. Myös muutama metodi on uudelleennimetty vastaamaan paremmin laajennuksen jälkeistä tilannetta.</p><h2 id=\"luokka-henkilon-tietojen-esittamiseen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka henkilön tietojen esittämiseen<a href=\"#luokka-henkilon-tietojen-esittamiseen\" aria-label=\"luokka henkilon tietojen esittamiseen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Siirretään henkilön tietojen (eli puhelinnumerojen sekä osoitteen) esittäminen oman luokkansa <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> vastuulle. Toteuta luokka siten, että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhenkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"040-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhenkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mannerheimintie 10 Helsinki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Erkki\n[]\nNone\n['040-123456']\nMannerheimintie 10 Helsinki</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"puhelinluettelo-kayttamaan-luokkaa-henkilo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Puhelinluettelo käyttämään luokkaa Henkilo<a href=\"#puhelinluettelo-kayttamaan-luokkaa-henkilo\" aria-label=\"puhelinluettelo kayttamaan luokkaa henkilo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muuta koodiasi siten, että se toimii käyttäjän näkökulmasta täysin samoin kuin aiemmin, mutta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> tallettaakin henkilöt sisäisesti käyttäen luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> olioita. Käytännössä siis oliomuuttujana <code class=\"language-text\">__henkilot</code> tulee olla sanakirja, johon listojen sijaan talletetaan henkilö-olioita.</p><p><strong>VAROITUS:</strong> kun teet koodiin tämän tehtävän kaltaista rakenteellista muutosta, etene pienin askelin. Älä missään tapauksessa yritä tehdä kaikkea kerrallaan, se on <strong>varma keino ajautua pahoihin ongelmiin</strong>.</p><p>Sopiva pieni askel nyt voi olla se, että tarkastat ensin erikseen luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> toimivuuden. Esimerkiksi seuraavan koodin tulee toimia kuten olettaa saattaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"02-123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tehtävässä ei tarkisteta, millainen tulostusasu <code class=\"language-text\">hae_tiedot</code>-metodin palauttamalla tuloksella on, mutta varmista ettei koodi aiheuta virheitä, ja että tulos on järkevä. Kun olet 100% varma, että kaikki toimii luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> osalta, voit edetä varmistamaan, että kaikki toimii edelleen entiseen tapaan käyttöliittymää käytettäessä.</p><h2 id=\"osoitteen-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osoitteen lisääminen<a href=\"#osoitteen-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"osoitteen lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajenna nyt sovellusta siten, että puhelinluetteloon on mahdollista tallettaa myös henkilöiden osoitteet. Ohjelman tulisi toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 nimen lisäys\n2 haku\n3 osoitteen lisäys</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nnumero: <strong>02-123456</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Emilia</strong>\nosoite: <strong>Viherlaaksontie 7, Espoo</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\nosoite ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Emilia</strong>\nnumero ei tiedossa\nViherlaaksontie 7, Espoo</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\nosoite: <strong>Linnankatu 75, Turku</strong></p><p>komento: 2\nnimi: <strong>Erkki</strong>\n02-123456\nLinnankatu 75, Turku</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Wilhelm</strong>\nosoite ei tiedossa\nnumero ei tiedossa</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p><strong>VAROITUS ja vihje:</strong> kuten tehtävän edellisessä osassa sanottiin, älä missään tapauksessa yritä tehdä kaikkea kerrallaan, se on <strong>varma keino ajautua pahoihin ongelmiin</strong>.</p><p>Varmista ensin että voit lisätä osoitteita luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code> ja kun olet 100% varma, että se toimii, voit laajentaa sovelluksen käyttöliittymää uuden toiminnallisuuden osalta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"erinaisia-huomioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Erinäisiä huomioita<a href=\"#erinaisia-huomioita\" aria-label=\"erinaisia huomioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Puhelinluetteloesimerkki noudattaa rakenteeltaan melko klassisia hyvän olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteita. Kantavana ideana on siis ohjelman eri vastuualueiden jaottelu erillisiin luokkiin ja metodeihin. Eräs suurimmista motiiveista tällaiselle jaottelulle on monimutkaisuuden hallinta. Toinen tärkeä syy on se, että oikein tehty koodin jaottelu - tai <em>modularisointi</em> kuten ammattijargon asian ilmaisee - tekee koodista potentiaalisesti helpomman ylläpitää ja laajentaa.</p><p>Oikeissa ohjelmistoissa ylivoimaisesti suurimman kustannuserän aiheuttaa juuri ylläpito (eli bugien korjailu) sekä ohjelman laajentaminen, joten tällä seikalla on taloudellisesti erittäin suuri merkitys.</p><p>Nostetaan esimerkistä esiin vielä pari tärkeää seikkaa. Koodi ilmentää hyvin sitä, miten sovelluslogiikan varsinainen ydin on eriytetty sekä käyttöliittymästä, että datan tallettamisesta. Tämä on tärkeää muutamastakin syystä. Ensinnäkin se mahdollistaa koodin testailun pienemmissä yksiköissä, luokka ja metodi kerrallaan. Toisaalta koska sovelluslogiikka ei nyt riipu käyttöliittymästä tai tiedon talletustavasta, on esim. käyttöliittymää mahdollista muuttaa (ainakin johonkin pisteeseen asti) rikkomatta muuta sovellusta.</p><p>Tiedostojen käsittelyn suhteen kannattaa myös huomata se, että ohjelma lukee tiedostoa ainoastaan kerran, käynnistysvaiheessa. Tämän jälkeen kaikki tieto säilytetään ohjelman muuttujissa. Ohjelma tallettaa tiedot kokonaisuudessaan, eli käytännössä uudelleenkirjoittaa tiedoston joka kerta kokonaan uudestaan. Tiedostojen käsittely kannattaa lähes kaikissa tapauksissa tehdä näin.</p><p>Hyvän koodin kirjoittamisesta kerrotaan lisää esimerkiksi Robert Martinin mainiossa kirjassa <a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Clean-Code-Handbook-Software-Craftsmanship/dp/0132350882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clean Code</a>. Kirjan koodiesimerkit on kuitenkin toteutettu Javalla, eli esimerkkien lukeminen saattaa tässä vaiheessa olla vielä varsin työlästä. Paneudumme ylläpidettävyydeltään ja laajennettavuudeltaan laadukkaan koodin toteuttamiseen tarkemmin kursseilla <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotekniikka</a> ja <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotuotanto</a>.</p><p>Hyvän olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteiden mukaisen koodin kirjoittamisella on myös hintansa. Koodia tulee todennäköisesti enemmän kuin jos sama ongelma ratkaistaisiin yhteen pötköön kirjoitetulla spagettikoodilla. Ohjelmoijan onkin aina ratkaistava se, minkälainen lähestymistapa on paras kuhunkin tilanteeseen. Joskus voi olla vain parasta häkkeröidä kasaan nopeasti jotain joka toimii nyt. Jos taas on odotettavissa, että samaa koodia tullaan jatkossa laajentamaan. joko koodarin itsensä tai jonkun muun toimesta, on todennäköisesti kannattavaa panostaa koodin luettavuuteen ja jäsentämiseen jossain määrin jo alkuvaiheissa.</p><p>Harjoitellaan vielä isomman ohjelmakokonaisuuden toteuttamista yhden ohjelmointitehtävän verran.</p><programming-exercise name='Opintorekisteri' tmcname='osa10-12_opintorekisteri'><p>Tee interaktiivinen ohjelma, jonka avulla voit pitää kirjaa opintomenestyksestäsi. Sovelluksen rakenteen saat päättää itse, mutta nyt on hyvä tilaisuus harjoitella Puhelinluettelo-esimerkin kaltaisen oliorakenteen muodostamista.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>1 lisää suoritus\n2 hae suoritus\n3 tilastot\n0 lopetus</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>3</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 3</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>5</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 5</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>1</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Ohpe</strong>\nOhpe (5 op) arvosana 5</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Java-ohjelmointi</strong>\nei suoritusta</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Tira</strong>\narvosana: <strong>1</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>10</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Tilpe</strong>\narvosana: <strong>2</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>5</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Lapio</strong>\narvosana: <strong>4</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>1</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkurssi: <strong>Lama</strong>\narvosana: <strong>5</strong>\nopintopisteet: <strong>8</strong></p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nsuorituksia 5 kurssilta, yhteensä 29 opintopistettä\nkeskiarvo 3.4\narvosanajakauma\n5: xx\n4: x\n3:\n2: x\n1: x</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Muutama huomio: kultakin kurssilta tallentuu ainoastaan yksi arvosana. Arvosanaa voi korottaa, mutta se ei voi laskea.</p><p>Tehtävästä on tarjolla kaksi tehtäväpistettä. Ensimmäisen pisteen saa jos toiminnot 1 ja 2 sekä lopetus toimivat. Toisen pisteen saa jos myös toiminto 3 on toteutettu.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"epilogi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Epilogi<a href=\"#epilogi\" aria-label=\"epilogi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Palataan vielä hetkeksi tarkastelemaan puhelinluetteloesimerkkiä, ja sen käyttöliittymän toteuttavaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>-olio pitää siis sisällään sekä <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinluettelo</code>-olion että <code class=\"language-text\">Tiedostonkasittelija</code>-olion. Jos olisimme ammattikoodareita, tekisimme sovellukseen pienen muutoksen. Nyt nimittäin se, että sovellus käyttää nimenomaan tiedostoa <em>luettelo.txt</em> tallentamaan luettelon tiedot, on sovelluksen <em>käyttöliittymän</em> kannalta täysin turha deltaji. Jos tiedosto haluttaisiin vaihtaa, edellyttäisi se muutosta luokan <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> koodiin. Tämä taas ei ole hyvä <em>separation of concerns</em> -periaatetta ajatellen, sillä puhelinluettelon tallentaminen ei kuulu ollenkaan käyttöliittymästä huolehtivan luokan vastuisiin.</p><p>Parempi vaihtoehto olisikin luoda tiedostokäsittelijä muualla ja antaa se <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code>-oliolle, esimerkiksi konstruktorin parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luodaan tallennuksen hoitava olio</span>\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luettelo.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ja annetaan se PuhelinluetteloSovellus-oliolle konsturuktorin parametrina</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin on saatu poistettua luokalta <code class=\"language-text\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</code> <em>turha riippuvuus</em> käsiteltävän tiedoston nimeen. Jos tiedoston nimi muuttuu, ei luokan koodiin tarvitse koskea ollenkaan. Riittää ainoastaan, että oliolle annetaan hieman erilainen konstruktoriparametri:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">PuhelinluetteloSovellus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__luettelo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinluettelo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tiedosto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># vaihdetaan tiedostoa</span>\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tiedostonkasittelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_luettelotiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä sama tekniikka mahdollistaa sen, että siirrytäänkin tallentamaan puhelinluettelo tiedoston sijaan esimerkiksi internetissä olevaan pilvipalveluun. On vain kirjoitettava pilvipalvelua käyttävä luokka, joka tarjoaa puhelinluettelosovellukselle samanlaiset metodit kuin <code class=\"language-text\">Tiedostonkasittelija</code>. Tämän luokan olio voidaan antaa sovellukselle, ilman että sovelluksen koodista tulee muuttaa riviäkään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">InternetTallennin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># koodi joka tallentaa luettelon tiedot internetissä olevaan pilvipalveluun</span>\n\ntallennuspalvelu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> InternetTallennin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"amazon-cloud\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mluukkai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"passwrd\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> PuhelinluetteloSovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tallennuspalvelu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsovellus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten aiemmin todettiin, on tämän kaltaisten tekniikoiden käytöllä oma hintansa: koodia tulee enemmän, ja ohjelmoijan tulee harkita milloin se hinta kannattaa maksaa.</p><p>Tässä esitelty tekniikka (joka kulkee ammattijargonissa nimellä <em>dependency injection</em>), missä oliolle annetaan ulkopuolelta käsin sen tarvitsema <em>riippuvuus</em> (eli käytännössä jokin muu olio) on erittäin tyypillinen kikka ammattimaisessa koodauksessa, muun muassa siksi, että se helpottaa ohjelmistojen laajentamista sekä niiden automatisoitua testaamista. Jatkamme teeman käsittelyä kursseilla <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024742-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotekniikka</a> ja <a href=\"https://studies.helsinki.fi/opintotarjonta/cu/hy-CU-118024909-2020-08-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ohjelmistotuotanto</a>.</p><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"adf5276f-057a-5ac0-85b1-024443782145\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Laajemman sovelluksen kehittäminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-10/4-laajempi-sovellus.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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osa 2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#lottorivi-osa-2","ariaLabel":"lottorivi osa 2 permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita luokkaan metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osumat_paikoillaan(pelattu_rivi)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa uuden listan. Uudessa listassa on vanhoilla paikoillaan oikeat numerot (eli ne, jotka löytyvät myös oikeasta rivistä), muiden paikalla on -1."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Metodin tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Metodin pituus kokonaisuudessaan (def-rivi mukaanlukien) saa olla korkeintaan 2 riviä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki metodin käytöstä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"oikea "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Lottorivi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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-1, -1, 10, -1, 20, 30]"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan koosteella (comprehension)</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää koosteita uusien listojen muodostamiseen</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Ohjelmointiin liittyy usein erilaisten sekvenssien (eli sarjojen) käsittely. Aikaisemmissa osissa on käytetty runsaasti aikaa merkkijonojen, listojen ja sanakirjojen käsittelyyn eri tavoilla.</p><p>Oletetaan tilanne, jossa meillä on lista kokonaislukuja. Tämän listan perusteella meidän pitäisi luoda vastaava merkkijonolista.</p><p>Perinteinen tapa toteuttaa operaatio näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nmerkkijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    merkkijonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"listakooste\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listakooste<a href=\"#listakooste\" aria-label=\"listakooste permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tarjoaa kuitenin \"pythonmaisemman\" tavan uuden listan muodostamiseksi vanhan perusteella. Menetelmää voidaan kutsua \"listakoosteeksi\", mutta huomattavasti yleisempää on käyttää englanninkielistä nimeä <em>list comprehension</em>.</p><p>Menetelmässä ideana on kuvata yhden rivin lausekkeella, mikä operaatio listan kaikille alkioille tehdään, ennen kuin ne tallennetaan uuteen listaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi yllä esitetty ohjelma, joka luo merkkijonolistan kokonaislukulistan perusteella, näyttäisi listakoostetta hyödyntäen tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmerkkijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Koosteessa näyttää siis olevan jotakuinkin samat elementit kuin perinteisessäkin toteutuksessa, mutta syntaksi on uudenlainen. Yleisemmin listakoosteen syntaksi voitaisiin esittää esimerkiksi näin:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>]</code></p><p>Koosteen ympärillä olevat hakasulkeet kertovat, että lopputuloksena on uusi lista. Koosteessa poimitaan yksi kerrallaan alkio alkuperäisestä sarjasta (esimerkkimme tapauksessa listasta) ja tallennetaan siihen liittyvän lausekkeen arvo uuteen listaan. Lopputuloksena on lista, jossa on yhtä paljon alkioita kuin alkuperäisessä listassa ja kaikki alkiot on käsitelty samalla tavalla.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 301px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 131.7391304347826%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/a0b58/11_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/c4c4c/11_1_2.webp 301w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/81c8e/11_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png 301w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png\" alt=\"11 1 2\" title=\"11 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Toisessa esimerkissä jokainen alkuperäisen listan alkio kerrotaan kymmenellä ja tallennetaan uuteen listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluvut_kerrottuna <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut_kerrottuna<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]</p></sample-output><p>Lauseke voi olla mikä tahansa Pythonin lauseke. Esimerkiksi koosteessa voidaan kutsua itse määriteltyä funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[120, 2, 24, 6, 1]</p></sample-output><p>Sama ohjelma esitettynä perinteisellä silmukalla näyttäisi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Koosteen avulla on siis mahdollista ilmaista sama toiminnallisuus tiiviimmin ja silti yhä helposti luettavassa muodossa.</p><p>Palauttamalla funktiosta suoraan kooste saadaan aikaiseksi hyvin tiivistä koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertomat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Neliojuuret' tmcname='osa11-01_neliojuuret'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">neliojuuret(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan parametrina olevien lukujen neliöjuurista. Neliöjuuren laskemiseen löytyy sopiva funktio moduulista <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">math</a></p><p>Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> neliojuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1.0\n1.4142135623730951\n1.7320508075688772\n2.0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Tähtirivit' tmcname='osa11-02_tahtirivit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tahtirivit(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka koostuu tähtiriveistä, joiden pituus vastaa parametrina olevan listan lukuja. Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tahtirivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tahtirivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n*\n**\n***\n****\n\n****\n***\n**\n*\n**********\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Paras koetulos' tmcname='osa11-03_paras_koetulos'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>, jolla on seuraavat julkiset attribuutit:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>arvosana1</li>\n<li>arvosana2</li>\n<li>arvosana3</li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">parhaat_tulokset(suoritukset: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrikseen listan koesuoritusolioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listakoostetta käyttäen uuden listan, johon on tallennettu jokaisen suorituksen paras arvosana.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien def-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki suorituksesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritus3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paavo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suoritus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suoritus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suoritus3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parhaat_tulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 4, 3]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pituudet' tmcname='osa11-04_pituudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituudet(listat: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan, joka sisältää listoja, jotka sisältävät kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka sisältää parametrina olevien listojen pituudet.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">listat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">324</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">31</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>listat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 4, 0]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"alkioiden-suodatus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkioiden suodatus<a href=\"#alkioiden-suodatus\" aria-label=\"alkioiden suodatus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Edellisissä esimerkeissä uusi lista muodostettiin kaikista alkuperäisen listan alkioista. Joskus on kuitenkin näppärää, jos voitaisiin valita alkuperäiseltä listalta vain tietyt alkiot. Koosteessa tämä onnistuu yhdistämällä siihen ehto-osa. Yleinen syntaksi on seuraava:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja> if &lt;ehtolauseke>]</code></p><p>Erotuksena aiempaan koosteen loppuun kirjoitetaan siis ehtolause. Ainoastaan ne alkiot poimitaan mukaan tuloslistaan, joiden kohdalla ehtolauseke on tosi.</p><p>Esimerkissä poimitaan kaikki parilliset alkiot uuteen listaan. Huomaa, että lausekkeena on esimerkissä ainoastaan listan alkio eli poimittavia alkioita ei käsitellä minkään operaation avulla ennen sijoittamista uuteen listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 4, 6, 4, 10, 12]</p></sample-output><p>Jos lausekkeeksi on määritelty jotain muuta kuin pelkkä alkio, mukaan otetuille alkioille toteutetaan tämä operaatio kuten ennenkin. Muokataan edellistä esimerkkiä niin, että uudessa listassa on kaikki alkuperäisen listan parilliset alkiot kerrottuna kymmenellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[20, 40, 60, 40, 100, 120]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä lasketaan ainoastaan positiivisten alkioiden kertoma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[6, 24, 120, 1]</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan vielä edellisestä jatkettua esimerkkiä, jossa kertoma lasketaan vain parillisista positiivista luvuista. Lisäksi listaan tallennetaan tuplessa sekä alkuperäinen alkio että kertoma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[(2, 2), (4, 24), (6, 720)]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä lauseke on siis <code class=\"language-text\">(luku, kertoma(luku))</code>, joka muodostaa tuplen, jossa ensimmäinen alkio on alkio alkuperäisestä listasta ja toinen alkio kertoma-funktion palauttama arvo. Ehtolauseke on <code class=\"language-text\">luku > 0 and luku % 2 == 0</code>, jossa valikoidaan mukaan vain alkiot, jotka ovat sekä positiivisia että jaollisia kahdella.</p><programming-exercise name='Poista pienemmät' tmcname='osa11-05_poista_pienemmat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_pienemmat(luvut: list, raja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan kokonaislukuja sekä raja-arvon, joka on myös kokonaisluku.</p><p>Funktio muodostaa listakoostetta käyttäen uuden listan, josta on jätetty pois raja-arvoa pienemmät luvut.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lukuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">65</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>poista_pienemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>poista_pienemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[65, 32, 11]\n[7, 8]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vokaalilla alkavat' tmcname='osa11-06_vokaalilla_alkavat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vokaalilla_alkavat(sanat: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja.</p><p>Tehtävänäsi on listakoostetta hyödyntäen muodostaa ja palauttaa uusi lista, joka sisältää vain alkuperäisen listan ne sanat, jotka alkavat vokaalilla (a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö). Sekä pienien että suurten kirjaimien pitää kelvata.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">klista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"auto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"mopo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Etana\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"OMENA\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> vok <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vokaalilla_alkavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>klista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>auto\nEtana\nOMENA\nappelsiini</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"vaihtoehtoinen-haara-suodatuksessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoinen haara suodatuksessa<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoinen-haara-suodatuksessa\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoinen haara suodatuksessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koosteessa voi käyttää ehtolauseen ohella myös vaihtoehtoista haaraa. Tämä onnistuu käyttämällä jo aiemmin mainittua <em>ehtolauseketta</em>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;lauseke 1> if &lt;ehto> else &lt;lauseke 2></code></p><p>...joka saa arvokseen joko lausekkeen 1 tai 2 arvon riippuen siitä, onko ehto tosi vai epätosi.</p><p>Niinpä esim. ohjelma, joka tulostaa kahdesta luvusta suuremman yhdellä print-lauseella voisi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 1:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> luku2 <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun yhdistetään syntaksi listakoosteeseen, saadaan seuraavankaltainen rakenne:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke 1> if &lt;ehto> else &lt;lauseke 2> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>]</code></p><p>Lopputuloksena syntyvässä listassa on yksi alkio jokaista alkuperäisen sarjan alkiota kohti. Jokaiselle alkiolle suoritetaan joko lauseke 1 tai lauseke 2 riippuen siitä onko ehtolauseke tosi vai ei.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki muodostaa uuden listan, jossa alkuperäisen listan negatiiviset alkiot on käännetty vastaluvuikseen - positiiviset alkiot kelpuutetaan sellaisenaan. Käytännössä koostelause siis muodostaa listan alkuperäisen listan itseisarvoista.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nitseisarvot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>luku <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>luku <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>itseisarvot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 45, 110, 2, 9, 11]</p></sample-output><p>Suoritettava lauseke on siis <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> (eli alkio sellaisenaan), jos ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 0</code> on tosi, muuten suoritetaan lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">-luku</code>.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">merkkijonojen_pituudet</code> saa parametrikseen sekalaisia alkioita sisältävän listan. Funktio laskee merkkijonoista tuloslistaan pituuden, muun tyyppisten alkioiden kohdalle asetetaan -1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">merkkijonojen_pituudet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa uudessa listassa merkkijonojen pituudet \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">123.344</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heipparallaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkkijonojen_pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[3, -1, -1, 6, -1, 12, -1, -1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lottorivi' tmcname='osa11-07_lottorivi'><h2 id=\"lottorivi-osa-1\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivi, osa 1<a href=\"#lottorivi-osa-1\" aria-label=\"lottorivi osa 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lottorivi</code>, joka saa konstruktorissaan parametrikseen kierroksen numeron (kokonaisluku) sekä seitsemänalkioisen kokonaislukulistan. Lista kuvaa kierroksen oikeita numeroita (eli oikeaa <em>riviä</em>). Kirjoita lisäksi luokalle metodi</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">osumien_maara(pelattu_rivi: list)</code></p><p>...joka palauttaa kokonaislukuna tiedon siitä, kuinka monta osumaa rivissä oli. Metodin tulee käyttää listakoostetta! Metodin pituus kokonaisuudessaan (def-rivi mukaanlukien) saa olla korkeintaan 2 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lottorivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noma_rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osumien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oma_rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lottorivi-osa-2\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivi, osa 2<a href=\"#lottorivi-osa-2\" aria-label=\"lottorivi osa 2 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">osumat_paikoillaan(pelattu_rivi)</code>, joka palauttaa uuden listan. Uudessa listassa on vanhoilla paikoillaan oikeat numerot (eli ne, jotka löytyvät myös oikeasta rivistä), muiden paikalla on -1.</p><p>Metodin tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Metodin pituus kokonaisuudessaan (def-rivi mukaanlukien) saa olla korkeintaan 2 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lottorivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noma_rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osumat_paikoillaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oma_rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, -1, -1, 10, -1, 20, 30]</p></sample-output></programming-exercises></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/1-koosteet","title":"Koosteet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/1-koosteet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Aikaisemmissa osissa on käytetty runsaasti aikaa merkkijonojen, listojen ja sanakirjojen käsittelyyn eri tavoilla.</p><p>Oletetaan tilanne, jossa meillä on lista kokonaislukuja. Tämän listan perusteella meidän pitäisi luoda vastaava merkkijonolista.</p><p>Perinteinen tapa toteuttaa operaatio näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nmerkkijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    merkkijonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"listakooste\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listakooste<a href=\"#listakooste\" aria-label=\"listakooste permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tarjoaa kuitenin \"pythonmaisemman\" tavan uuden listan muodostamiseksi vanhan perusteella. Menetelmää voidaan kutsua \"listakoosteeksi\", mutta huomattavasti yleisempää on käyttää englanninkielistä nimeä <em>list comprehension</em>.</p><p>Menetelmässä ideana on kuvata yhden rivin lausekkeella, mikä operaatio listan kaikille alkioille tehdään, ennen kuin ne tallennetaan uuteen listaan.</p><p>Esimerkiksi yllä esitetty ohjelma, joka luo merkkijonolistan kokonaislukulistan perusteella, näyttäisi listakoostetta hyödyntäen tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmerkkijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Koosteessa näyttää siis olevan jotakuinkin samat elementit kuin perinteisessäkin toteutuksessa, mutta syntaksi on uudenlainen. Yleisemmin listakoosteen syntaksi voitaisiin esittää esimerkiksi näin:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>]</code></p><p>Koosteen ympärillä olevat hakasulkeet kertovat, että lopputuloksena on uusi lista. Koosteessa poimitaan yksi kerrallaan alkio alkuperäisestä sarjasta (esimerkkimme tapauksessa listasta) ja tallennetaan siihen liittyvän lausekkeen arvo uuteen listaan. Lopputuloksena on lista, jossa on yhtä paljon alkioita kuin alkuperäisessä listassa ja kaikki alkiot on käsitelty samalla tavalla.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 301px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 131.7391304347826%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/a0b58/11_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/c4c4c/11_1_2.webp 301w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/81c8e/11_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png 301w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/3f079cde22be6cf33b7be317492aa108/fb933/11_1_2.png\" alt=\"11 1 2\" title=\"11 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Toisessa esimerkissä jokainen alkuperäisen listan alkio kerrotaan kymmenellä ja tallennetaan uuteen listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluvut_kerrottuna <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut_kerrottuna<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]</p></sample-output><p>Lauseke voi olla mikä tahansa Pythonin lauseke. Esimerkiksi koosteessa voidaan kutsua itse määriteltyä funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[120, 2, 24, 6, 1]</p></sample-output><p>Sama ohjelma esitettynä perinteisellä silmukalla näyttäisi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Koosteen avulla on siis mahdollista ilmaista sama toiminnallisuus tiiviimmin ja silti yhä helposti luettavassa muodossa.</p><p>Palauttamalla funktiosta suoraan kooste saadaan aikaiseksi hyvin tiivistä koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertomat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Neliojuuret' tmcname='osa11-01_neliojuuret'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">neliojuuret(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan parametrina olevien lukujen neliöjuurista. Neliöjuuren laskemiseen löytyy sopiva funktio moduulista <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">math</a></p><p>Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> neliojuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1.0\n1.4142135623730951\n1.7320508075688772\n2.0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Tähtirivit' tmcname='osa11-02_tahtirivit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tahtirivit(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka koostuu tähtiriveistä, joiden pituus vastaa parametrina olevan listan lukuja. Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tahtirivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrivit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tahtirivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n*\n**\n***\n****\n\n****\n***\n**\n*\n**********\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Paras koetulos' tmcname='osa11-03_paras_koetulos'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>, jolla on seuraavat julkiset attribuutit:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>arvosana1</li>\n<li>arvosana2</li>\n<li>arvosana3</li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">parhaat_tulokset(suoritukset: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrikseen listan koesuoritusolioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listakoostetta käyttäen uuden listan, johon on tallennettu jokaisen suorituksen paras arvosana.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien def-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki suorituksesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritus2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritus3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paavo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suoritus1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suoritus2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suoritus3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parhaat_tulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 4, 3]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pituudet' tmcname='osa11-04_pituudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituudet(listat: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan, joka sisältää listoja, jotka sisältävät kokonaislukuja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka sisältää parametrina olevien listojen pituudet.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">listat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">324</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">31</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>listat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 4, 0]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"alkioiden-suodatus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkioiden suodatus<a href=\"#alkioiden-suodatus\" aria-label=\"alkioiden suodatus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Edellisissä esimerkeissä uusi lista muodostettiin kaikista alkuperäisen listan alkioista. Joskus on kuitenkin näppärää, jos voitaisiin valita alkuperäiseltä listalta vain tietyt alkiot. Koosteessa tämä onnistuu yhdistämällä siihen ehto-osa. Yleinen syntaksi on seuraava:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja> if &lt;ehtolauseke>]</code></p><p>Erotuksena aiempaan koosteen loppuun kirjoitetaan siis ehtolause. Ainoastaan ne alkiot poimitaan mukaan tuloslistaan, joiden kohdalla ehtolauseke on tosi.</p><p>Esimerkissä poimitaan kaikki parilliset alkiot uuteen listaan. Huomaa, että lausekkeena on esimerkissä ainoastaan listan alkio eli poimittavia alkioita ei käsitellä minkään operaation avulla ennen sijoittamista uuteen listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 4, 6, 4, 10, 12]</p></sample-output><p>Jos lausekkeeksi on määritelty jotain muuta kuin pelkkä alkio, mukaan otetuille alkioille toteutetaan tämä operaatio kuten ennenkin. Muokataan edellistä esimerkkiä niin, että uudessa listassa on kaikki alkuperäisen listan parilliset alkiot kerrottuna kymmenellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[20, 40, 60, 40, 100, 120]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä lasketaan ainoastaan positiivisten alkioiden kertoma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[6, 24, 120, 1]</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan vielä edellisestä jatkettua esimerkkiä, jossa kertoma lasketaan vain parillisista positiivista luvuista. Lisäksi listaan tallennetaan tuplessa sekä alkuperäinen alkio että kertoma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[(2, 2), (4, 24), (6, 720)]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä lauseke on siis <code class=\"language-text\">(luku, kertoma(luku))</code>, joka muodostaa tuplen, jossa ensimmäinen alkio on alkio alkuperäisestä listasta ja toinen alkio kertoma-funktion palauttama arvo. Ehtolauseke on <code class=\"language-text\">luku > 0 and luku % 2 == 0</code>, jossa valikoidaan mukaan vain alkiot, jotka ovat sekä positiivisia että jaollisia kahdella.</p><programming-exercise name='Poista pienemmät' tmcname='osa11-05_poista_pienemmat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_pienemmat(luvut: list, raja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan kokonaislukuja sekä raja-arvon, joka on myös kokonaisluku.</p><p>Funktio muodostaa listakoostetta käyttäen uuden listan, josta on jätetty pois raja-arvoa pienemmät luvut.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on siis (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lukuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">65</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>poista_pienemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>poista_pienemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[65, 32, 11]\n[7, 8]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vokaalilla alkavat' tmcname='osa11-06_vokaalilla_alkavat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vokaalilla_alkavat(sanat: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja.</p><p>Tehtävänäsi on listakoostetta hyödyntäen muodostaa ja palauttaa uusi lista, joka sisältää vain alkuperäisen listan ne sanat, jotka alkavat vokaalilla (a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö). Sekä pienien että suurten kirjaimien pitää kelvata.</p><p>Funktion maksimipituus on (mukaanlukien <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-sanalla alkava otsikkorivi) kokonaisuudessaan kaksi riviä!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">klista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"auto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"mopo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Etana\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"OMENA\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> vok <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vokaalilla_alkavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>klista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>auto\nEtana\nOMENA\nappelsiini</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"vaihtoehtoinen-haara-suodatuksessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoinen haara suodatuksessa<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoinen-haara-suodatuksessa\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoinen haara suodatuksessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koosteessa voi käyttää ehtolauseen ohella myös vaihtoehtoista haaraa. Tämä onnistuu käyttämällä jo aiemmin mainittua <em>ehtolauseketta</em>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">&lt;lauseke 1> if &lt;ehto> else &lt;lauseke 2></code></p><p>...joka saa arvokseen joko lausekkeen 1 tai 2 arvon riippuen siitä, onko ehto tosi vai epätosi.</p><p>Niinpä esim. ohjelma, joka tulostaa kahdesta luvusta suuremman yhdellä print-lauseella voisi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 1:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku1 <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> luku2 <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun yhdistetään syntaksi listakoosteeseen, saadaan seuraavankaltainen rakenne:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">[&lt;lauseke 1> if &lt;ehto> else &lt;lauseke 2> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>]</code></p><p>Lopputuloksena syntyvässä listassa on yksi alkio jokaista alkuperäisen sarjan alkiota kohti. Jokaiselle alkiolle suoritetaan joko lauseke 1 tai lauseke 2 riippuen siitä onko ehtolauseke tosi vai ei.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki muodostaa uuden listan, jossa alkuperäisen listan negatiiviset alkiot on käännetty vastaluvuikseen - positiiviset alkiot kelpuutetaan sellaisenaan. Käytännössä koostelause siis muodostaa listan alkuperäisen listan itseisarvoista.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nitseisarvot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>luku <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>luku <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>itseisarvot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 45, 110, 2, 9, 11]</p></sample-output><p>Suoritettava lauseke on siis <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> (eli alkio sellaisenaan), jos ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 0</code> on tosi, muuten suoritetaan lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">-luku</code>.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">merkkijonojen_pituudet</code> saa parametrikseen sekalaisia alkioita sisältävän listan. Funktio laskee merkkijonoista tuloslistaan pituuden, muun tyyppisten alkioiden kohdalle asetetaan -1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">merkkijonojen_pituudet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa uudessa listassa merkkijonojen pituudet \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">123.344</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heipparallaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkkijonojen_pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[3, -1, -1, 6, -1, 12, -1, -1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lottorivi' tmcname='osa11-07_lottorivi'><h2 id=\"lottorivi-osa-1\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivi, osa 1<a href=\"#lottorivi-osa-1\" aria-label=\"lottorivi osa 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lottorivi</code>, joka saa konstruktorissaan parametrikseen kierroksen numeron (kokonaisluku) sekä seitsemänalkioisen kokonaislukulistan. Lista kuvaa kierroksen oikeita numeroita (eli oikeaa <em>riviä</em>). Kirjoita lisäksi luokalle metodi</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">osumien_maara(pelattu_rivi: list)</code></p><p>...joka palauttaa kokonaislukuna tiedon siitä, kuinka monta osumaa rivissä oli. Metodin tulee käyttää listakoostetta! Metodin pituus kokonaisuudessaan (def-rivi mukaanlukien) saa olla korkeintaan 2 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lottorivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noma_rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osumien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oma_rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lottorivi-osa-2\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivi, osa 2<a href=\"#lottorivi-osa-2\" aria-label=\"lottorivi osa 2 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">osumat_paikoillaan(pelattu_rivi)</code>, joka palauttaa uuden listan. Uudessa listassa on vanhoilla paikoillaan oikeat numerot (eli ne, jotka löytyvät myös oikeasta rivistä), muiden paikalla on -1.</p><p>Metodin tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Metodin pituus kokonaisuudessaan (def-rivi mukaanlukien) saa olla korkeintaan 2 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lottorivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noma_rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>osumat_paikoillaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>oma_rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, -1, -1, 10, -1, 20, 30]</p></sample-output></programming-exercises></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/1-koosteet","title":"Koosteet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/1-koosteet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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720}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Merkkijonojen pituudet","tmcname":"osa11-11_merkkijonojen_pituudet"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pituudet(merkkijonot: list)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. 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Funktion maksimipituus def-määrittelyrivi mukaanlukien on kaksi riviä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio toimii seuraavasti"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanalista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"suo\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"kuokka\""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"python\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ja\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"koodari\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nsanojen_pituudet "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pituudet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanalista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanojen_pituudet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{'suo': 3, 'kuokka': 6, 'python': 6, 'ja': 2, 'koodari': 7}"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Yleisimmät sanat","tmcname":"osa11-12_yleisimmat_sanat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"yleisimmat_sanat(tiedoston_nimi: str, raja: int)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen tiedoston nimen. Funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, joka sisältää tiedostossa olevien sanojen esiintymislukumäärän niiden sanojen osalta, joilla on vähintään toisen parametrin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"raja"}]},{"type":"text","value":" verran esiintymiä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esim. jos funktiolla tarkasteltaisiin tiedostoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"comprehensions.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jonka sisältö on seuraava"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"txt"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-txt"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-txt"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"List comprehension is an elegant way to define and create lists based on existing lists.\nList comprehension is generally more compact and faster than normal functions and loops for creating list.\nHowever, we should avoid writing very long list comprehensions in one line to ensure that code is user-friendly.\nRemember, every list comprehension can be rewritten in for loop, but every for loop can’t be rewritten in the form of list comprehension."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kutsuttaessa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"yleisimmat_sanat(\"comprehensions.txt\", 3)"}]},{"type":"text","value":" funktion palauttama sanakirja näyttäisi seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{'comprehension': 4, 'is': 3, 'and': 3, 'for': 3, 'list': 4, 'in': 3}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että kirjainkoko vaikuttaa ja vain kokonaiset sanat lasketaan - sanat 'List' ja 'lists' eivät siis saa kasvattaa sanan 'list' lukumäärää. Lisäksi kaikki sanoissa olevat välimerkit tulee poistaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktion toteutustapa on vapaa, helpoimmalla pääset hyödyntämällä lista- ja sanakirjakoosteita."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten koosteita voidaan hyödyntää merkkijonojen kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää omia olioita koosteissa</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa myös sanakirjakoosteita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Koska koosteen lähteenä voi olla mikä tahansa sarja, voidaan sitä soveltaa myös merkkijonojen käsittelyyn. Merkkijonon läpikäynnissä poimitaan merkit yksitellen jonosta, suoritetaan nille annettu lauseke ja tallennetaan lopputulos uuden listan alkioksi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\n\nisot_kirjaimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>isot_kirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['P', 'E', 'K', 'K', 'A', ' ', 'P', 'Y', 'T', 'H', 'O', 'N']</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että lopputuloksena on lista. Jos halutaan muodostaa merkkijonon perusteella uusi merkkijono, voidaan hyödyntää aikaisemmin esiteltyä <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodia. Metodin avulla voidaan yhdistää listan alkiot merkkijonoksi. Metodi kohdistuu välimerkkiin, jolla alkiot yhdistetään.</p><p>Metodi toimii siis esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" ja \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['P', 'e', 'k', 'k', 'a']\nPekka\nP e k k a\nP,e,k,k,a\nP ja e ja k ja k ja a</p></sample-output><p>Kun yhdistetään <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin koosteeseen, voidaan muodostaa merkkijonosta uusi merkkijono helposti. Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin ja koosteen yhdistelmästä, joka muodostaa alkuperäisen merkkijonon pohjalta uuden merkkijonon, jossa on ainoastaan vokaalit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\ntestijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa vaan kaikki, tämä on testi\"</span>\n\nvokaalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testijono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nuusijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vokaalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eiaaaaiiääoei</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä on selkeyden vuoksi jaettu kooste ja <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin kutsu omille riveilleen, mutta toki ne voi kirjoittaa myös yhdeksi lausekkeeksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\ntestijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa vaan kaikki, tämä on testi\"</span>\n\nvokaalijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testijono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vokaalijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Hyödyntämällä samassa yhteydessä vielä <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-metodia, voidaan käsitellä esimerkiksi kokonaisia lauseita tehokkaasti yhdellä lausekkeella. Esimerkissä poistetaan lauseen jokaisesta sanasta ensimmäinen kirjain:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi se kuulkaa vaan sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\nlause_ilman_alkuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause_ilman_alkuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>esihiisi e uulkaa aan ihisi ississä</p></sample-output><p>Käydään läpi tarkemmin mitä koko lausekkeessa tapahtuu:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">sana[1:]</code> ottaa osajonon sanasta alkaen toisesta merkistä (eli indeksistä 1)\n<code class=\"language-text\">lause.split()</code> purkaa merkkijonon listaksi annetun välimerkin kohdalta. Kun välimerkkiä ei ole määritelty, käytetään oletuksena tyhjiä välejä\n<code class=\"language-text\">\" \".join()</code> yhdistää listan palaset uudeksi jonoksi käyttäen välilyöntiä palojen välissä.</p><p>Sama esimerkki perinteisemmällä tavalla näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi se kuulkaa vaan sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\nsanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sana_ilman_alkua <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana_ilman_alkua<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlause_ilman_alkuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause_ilman_alkuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Suodata kielletyt' tmcname='osa11-08_suodata_kielletyt'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_kielletyt(merkkijono: str, kielletyt: str)</code> joka palauttaa sen parametrina olevasta merkkijonosta version, joka ei sisällä yhtään merkkiä sen toisena parametrina olevasta \"kiellettyjen merkkien\" merkkijonosta.</p><p>Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Funktio saa sisältää <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-rivi mukaanlukien maksimissaan 3 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suo! kuokka, ja python: hieno yhdistelmä!??!?!\"</span>\nsuodatettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suodata_kielletyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!?:,.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suodatettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Suo kuokka ja python hieno yhdistelmä</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omat-oliot-koosteissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omat oliot koosteissa<a href=\"#omat-oliot-koosteissa\" aria-label=\"omat oliot koosteissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus omia olioita on näppärä käsitellä tai muodostaa koosteiden avulla. Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi muutamaa esimerkkiä tähän liittyen.</p><p>Ensimmäisessä esimerkissä luokka Maa mallintaa yhtä maata asukaslukuineen. Koosteessa poimitaan listalta kaikkien sellaisten maiden nimet, joiden asukasluku on suurempi kuin 5 miljoonaa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä maata asukaslukuineen \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asukasluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> asukasluku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suomi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    malta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Malta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ruotsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    islanti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Islanti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">350000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suomi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> malta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ruotsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> islanti<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    isommat_maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> isommat_maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Suomi\nRuotsi</p></sample-output><p>Toinen vaihtoehto olisi luoda lista maa-olioista ja tulostaa sen jälkeen nimet. Tämä vaihtoehto olisi järkevämpi, jos maita tarvittaisiin vielä myöhemminkin (tai mikäli haluttaisiin esimerkiksi tarkemmin tarkastella maiden asukaslukuja silmukassa):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suomi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    malta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Malta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ruotsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    islanti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Islanti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">350000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suomi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> malta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ruotsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> islanti<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    isommat_maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>maa <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> isommat_maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toisessa esimerkissä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code> mallintaa yhtä juoksumatkaa nimineen ja pituuksineen. Nyt koosteen avulla luodaan lista <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code>-olioita annettujen pituuksien mukaaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code>-luokan konstruktorissa parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on oletusarvo, eikä sitä olioita luodessa esimerkissä erikseen annetakaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Juoksumatka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä n metrin pituista juoksumatkaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> matka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ei nimeä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>matka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matka\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>matka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> m. (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">42195</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    matkat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>Juoksumatka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pituus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan kaikki</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan yksi listasta ja nimetään se</span>\n    maraton <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># viimeisenä listassa</span>\n    maraton<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maraton\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan vielä uudella nimellä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[100 m. (ei nimeä), 200 m. (ei nimeä), 1500 m. (ei nimeä), 3000 m. (ei nimeä), 42195 m. (ei nimeä)]\n[100 m. (ei nimeä), 200 m. (ei nimeä), 1500 m. (ei nimeä), 3000 m. (ei nimeä), 42195 m. (Maraton)]</p></sample-output><p>Jos oma luokka on viime kerran esimerkin mukaisesti iteroitava, voidaan sitä käyttää lähteenä listakoosteessa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sivuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sivuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sivuja\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Iteraattorin alustusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tässä tulee alustaa iteroinnissa käytettävä(t) muuttuja(t)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__iter__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa viittauksen olioon itseensä, koska</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># iteraattori on toteutettu samassa luokassa</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa seuraavan alkion</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos ei ole enempää alkioita, heitetään tapahtuma</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># StopIteration</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__next__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan listasta nykyinen</span>\n            kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan laskuria yhdellä</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja palautetaan</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kirja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Ei enempää kirjoja</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> StopIteration\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Elämäni Pythoniassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">123</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Hemingjava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">204</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C-itsemän veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan lista, jossa kaikkien kirjojen nimet</span>\n    kirjojen_nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjojen_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Kauppalistan tuotteet' tmcname='osa11-09_kauppalistan_tuotteet'><p>Osan 10 tehtävässä teimme <a href=\"/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita#programming-exercise-iteroitava-kauppalista\">Kauppalista-luokasta iteroitavan</a>. Iteroitavan luokan oliota voidaan käyttää listakoosteiden yhteydessä. Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana luokasta typistetty versio, jonka toiminnallisuus riittää tähän tehtävään.</p><p>Tee nyt funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kauppalistan_tuotteet(kauppalista, maara: int)</code> joka saa parametriksi kauppalista-olion. Funktio palauttaa kauppalistan ostoksista niiden tuotteiden nimet, joita on listalla vähintään parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">maara</code> verran.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla, ja sen pituus saa olla <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-määrittelyriveineen yhteensä korkeintaan kaksi riviä. Luokan Kauppalista koodia ei saa muuttaa!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkoholiton olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kauppalistalla vähintään 8 seuraavia tuotteita:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kauppalistan_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>kauppalistalla vähintään 8 seuraavia tuotteita:\nbanaanit\nalkoholiton olut</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Halvempien hintaero' tmcname='osa11-10_halvempien_hintaero'><p>Osan 9 tehtävässä teimme luokan <a href=\"/osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset#programming-exercise-asuntovertailu\">Asunto</a>. Tässä tehtävässä on käytössä hieman laajennettu versio luokasta.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">halvemmat(asunnot: list, verrattava: Asunto)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan asuntoja sekä yksittäisen vertailtavan asunnon. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolla on asunnoista ne, jotka ovat hinnaltaan halvempia kuin vertailtava asunto, sekä näiden hintaeron. Palautettavan listan alkiot ovat tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen jäsen on asunto ja toisena sen hintaero vertailtavaan.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-määrittelyrivi mukaanluettuna on 2 riviä.</p><p>Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Asunto</code> koodia ei saa muuttaa!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Eira yksiö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kallio kaksio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jakomäki kolmio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">215</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suomussalmi omakotitalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">105</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1700</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kerava 4h ja keittiö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na6 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Haikon kartano\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nasunnot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>a1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a5<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a6<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"asuntoa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> halvemmat vaihtoehdot:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> halvemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asunnot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> hintaero </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>asuntoa Jakomäki kolmio halvemmat vaihtoehdot:\nEira yksiö                     hintaero 107000 euroa\nKallio kaksio                  hintaero 35400 euroa\nSuomussalmi omakotitalo        hintaero 87500 euroa\nKerava 4h ja keittiö           hintaero 16500 euroa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"koosteet-sanakirjan-kanssa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Koosteet sanakirjan kanssa<a href=\"#koosteet-sanakirjan-kanssa\" aria-label=\"koosteet sanakirjan kanssa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koosteet toimivat samalla tavalla myös sanakirjan kanssa: jos vaihdetaan hakasulkeet aaltosulkeiksi, syntyy koosteen seurauksena listan sijasta sanakirja. Koska sanakirjan alkio muodostuu kahdesta komponentista - arvosta ja avaimesta, tulee molemmat komponentit antaa myös koostetta luodessa.</p><p>Lähteenä voidaan edelleen käyttää mitä tahansa sarjaa, eli esimerkiksi listaa, merkkijonoa, tuplea, sanakirjaa tai omaa iteroinnin toteuttavaa luokkaa.</p><p>Esimerkki, joka luo merkkijonon pohjalta sanakirjan, joka sisältää kaikki merkkijonon kirjaimet ja niiden esiintymämäärät:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hei kaikki\"</span>\n\nmerkkimäärät <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirjain <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirjain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkimäärät<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'H': 1, 'e': 1, 'i': 3, ' ': 1, 'k': 3, 'a': 1}</p></sample-output><p>Periaate on siis täsmälleen sama, mutta yksittäisen arvon sijasta annetaan erikseen avain ja arvo. Yleisesti merkittynä siis:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">{&lt;avainlauseke> : &lt;arvolauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>}</code></p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toisena esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka laskee kaikkien listalla olevien positiivisten lukujen kertomat, mutta tällä kertaa sanakirjaan. Luku toimii avaimena ja kertoma arvona:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{3: 6, 2: 2, 1: 1, 4: 24, 5: 120, 6: 720}</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Merkkijonojen pituudet' tmcname='osa11-11_merkkijonojen_pituudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituudet(merkkijonot: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa <em>sanakirjan</em>, jossa avaimina on listan merkkijonot ja arvoina merkkijonojen pituudet.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa sanakirjakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus def-määrittelyrivi mukaanlukien on kaksi riviä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kuokka\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsanojen_pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'suo': 3, 'kuokka': 6, 'python': 6, 'ja': 2, 'koodari': 7}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Yleisimmät sanat' tmcname='osa11-12_yleisimmat_sanat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">yleisimmat_sanat(tiedoston_nimi: str, raja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen tiedoston nimen. Funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, joka sisältää tiedostossa olevien sanojen esiintymislukumäärän niiden sanojen osalta, joilla on vähintään toisen parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">raja</code> verran esiintymiä.</p><p>Esim. jos funktiolla tarkasteltaisiin tiedostoa <em>comprehensions.txt</em> jonka sisältö on seuraava</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"txt\"><pre class=\"language-txt\"><code class=\"language-txt\">List comprehension is an elegant way to define and create lists based on existing lists.\nList comprehension is generally more compact and faster than normal functions and loops for creating list.\nHowever, we should avoid writing very long list comprehensions in one line to ensure that code is user-friendly.\nRemember, every list comprehension can be rewritten in for loop, but every for loop can’t be rewritten in the form of list comprehension.</code></pre></div><p>Kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">yleisimmat_sanat(\"comprehensions.txt\", 3)</code> funktion palauttama sanakirja näyttäisi seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>{'comprehension': 4, 'is': 3, 'and': 3, 'for': 3, 'list': 4, 'in': 3}</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kirjainkoko vaikuttaa ja vain kokonaiset sanat lasketaan - sanat 'List' ja 'lists' eivät siis saa kasvattaa sanan 'list' lukumäärää. Lisäksi kaikki sanoissa olevat välimerkit tulee poistaa.</p><p>Funktion toteutustapa on vapaa, helpoimmalla pääset hyödyntämällä lista- ja sanakirjakoosteita.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta","title":"Lisää koosteesta"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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720}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Merkkijonojen pituudet","tmcname":"osa11-11_merkkijonojen_pituudet"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pituudet(merkkijonot: list)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. 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Funktion maksimipituus def-määrittelyrivi mukaanlukien on kaksi riviä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio toimii seuraavasti"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanalista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"suo\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"kuokka\""}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"python\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ja\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"koodari\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nsanojen_pituudet "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pituudet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanalista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanojen_pituudet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{'suo': 3, 'kuokka': 6, 'python': 6, 'ja': 2, 'koodari': 7}"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Yleisimmät sanat","tmcname":"osa11-12_yleisimmat_sanat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"yleisimmat_sanat(tiedoston_nimi: str, raja: int)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen tiedoston nimen. Funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, joka sisältää tiedostossa olevien sanojen esiintymislukumäärän niiden sanojen osalta, joilla on vähintään toisen parametrin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"raja"}]},{"type":"text","value":" verran esiintymiä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esim. jos funktiolla tarkasteltaisiin tiedostoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"comprehensions.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jonka sisältö on seuraava"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"txt"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-txt"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-txt"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"List comprehension is an elegant way to define and create lists based on existing lists.\nList comprehension is generally more compact and faster than normal functions and loops for creating list.\nHowever, we should avoid writing very long list comprehensions in one line to ensure that code is user-friendly.\nRemember, every list comprehension can be rewritten in for loop, but every for loop can’t be rewritten in the form of list comprehension."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kutsuttaessa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"yleisimmat_sanat(\"comprehensions.txt\", 3)"}]},{"type":"text","value":" funktion palauttama sanakirja näyttäisi seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{'comprehension': 4, 'is': 3, 'and': 3, 'for': 3, 'list': 4, 'in': 3}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että kirjainkoko vaikuttaa ja vain kokonaiset sanat lasketaan - sanat 'List' ja 'lists' eivät siis saa kasvattaa sanan 'list' lukumäärää. Lisäksi kaikki sanoissa olevat välimerkit tulee poistaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktion toteutustapa on vapaa, helpoimmalla pääset hyödyntämällä lista- ja sanakirjakoosteita."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten koosteita voidaan hyödyntää merkkijonojen kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää omia olioita koosteissa</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa myös sanakirjakoosteita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Koska koosteen lähteenä voi olla mikä tahansa sarja, voidaan sitä soveltaa myös merkkijonojen käsittelyyn. Merkkijonon läpikäynnissä poimitaan merkit yksitellen jonosta, suoritetaan nille annettu lauseke ja tallennetaan lopputulos uuden listan alkioksi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\n\nisot_kirjaimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>isot_kirjaimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['P', 'E', 'K', 'K', 'A', ' ', 'P', 'Y', 'T', 'H', 'O', 'N']</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että lopputuloksena on lista. Jos halutaan muodostaa merkkijonon perusteella uusi merkkijono, voidaan hyödyntää aikaisemmin esiteltyä <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodia. Metodin avulla voidaan yhdistää listan alkiot merkkijonoksi. Metodi kohdistuu välimerkkiin, jolla alkiot yhdistetään.</p><p>Metodi toimii siis esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" ja \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['P', 'e', 'k', 'k', 'a']\nPekka\nP e k k a\nP,e,k,k,a\nP ja e ja k ja k ja a</p></sample-output><p>Kun yhdistetään <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin koosteeseen, voidaan muodostaa merkkijonosta uusi merkkijono helposti. Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin ja koosteen yhdistelmästä, joka muodostaa alkuperäisen merkkijonon pohjalta uuden merkkijonon, jossa on ainoastaan vokaalit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\ntestijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa vaan kaikki, tämä on testi\"</span>\n\nvokaalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testijono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nuusijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vokaalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eiaaaaiiääoei</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä on selkeyden vuoksi jaettu kooste ja <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodin kutsu omille riveilleen, mutta toki ne voi kirjoittaa myös yhdeksi lausekkeeksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\ntestijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa vaan kaikki, tämä on testi\"</span>\n\nvokaalijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testijono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vokaalijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Hyödyntämällä samassa yhteydessä vielä <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-metodia, voidaan käsitellä esimerkiksi kokonaisia lauseita tehokkaasti yhdellä lausekkeella. Esimerkissä poistetaan lauseen jokaisesta sanasta ensimmäinen kirjain:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi se kuulkaa vaan sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\nlause_ilman_alkuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause_ilman_alkuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>esihiisi e uulkaa aan ihisi ississä</p></sample-output><p>Käydään läpi tarkemmin mitä koko lausekkeessa tapahtuu:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">sana[1:]</code> ottaa osajonon sanasta alkaen toisesta merkistä (eli indeksistä 1)\n<code class=\"language-text\">lause.split()</code> purkaa merkkijonon listaksi annetun välimerkin kohdalta. Kun välimerkkiä ei ole määritelty, käytetään oletuksena tyhjiä välejä\n<code class=\"language-text\">\" \".join()</code> yhdistää listan palaset uudeksi jonoksi käyttäen välilyöntiä palojen välissä.</p><p>Sama esimerkki perinteisemmällä tavalla näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi se kuulkaa vaan sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\nsanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sana_ilman_alkua <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana_ilman_alkua<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlause_ilman_alkuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause_ilman_alkuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Suodata kielletyt' tmcname='osa11-08_suodata_kielletyt'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_kielletyt(merkkijono: str, kielletyt: str)</code> joka palauttaa sen parametrina olevasta merkkijonosta version, joka ei sisällä yhtään merkkiä sen toisena parametrina olevasta \"kiellettyjen merkkien\" merkkijonosta.</p><p>Funktion tulee käyttää listakoostetta. Funktio saa sisältää <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-rivi mukaanlukien maksimissaan 3 riviä.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suo! kuokka, ja python: hieno yhdistelmä!??!?!\"</span>\nsuodatettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suodata_kielletyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!?:,.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suodatettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Suo kuokka ja python hieno yhdistelmä</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omat-oliot-koosteissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omat oliot koosteissa<a href=\"#omat-oliot-koosteissa\" aria-label=\"omat oliot koosteissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus omia olioita on näppärä käsitellä tai muodostaa koosteiden avulla. Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi muutamaa esimerkkiä tähän liittyen.</p><p>Ensimmäisessä esimerkissä luokka Maa mallintaa yhtä maata asukaslukuineen. Koosteessa poimitaan listalta kaikkien sellaisten maiden nimet, joiden asukasluku on suurempi kuin 5 miljoonaa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä maata asukaslukuineen \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asukasluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> asukasluku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suomi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    malta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Malta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ruotsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    islanti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Islanti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">350000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suomi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> malta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ruotsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> islanti<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    isommat_maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> isommat_maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Suomi\nRuotsi</p></sample-output><p>Toinen vaihtoehto olisi luoda lista maa-olioista ja tulostaa sen jälkeen nimet. Tämä vaihtoehto olisi järkevämpi, jos maita tarvittaisiin vielä myöhemminkin (tai mikäli haluttaisiin esimerkiksi tarkemmin tarkastella maiden asukaslukuja silmukassa):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suomi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    malta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Malta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ruotsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    islanti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Islanti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">350000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>suomi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> malta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ruotsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> islanti<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    isommat_maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>maa <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>asukasluku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> isommat_maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toisessa esimerkissä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code> mallintaa yhtä juoksumatkaa nimineen ja pituuksineen. Nyt koosteen avulla luodaan lista <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code>-olioita annettujen pituuksien mukaaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että <code class=\"language-text\">Juoksumatka</code>-luokan konstruktorissa parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on oletusarvo, eikä sitä olioita luodessa esimerkissä erikseen annetakaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Juoksumatka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä n metrin pituista juoksumatkaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> matka<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ei nimeä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>matka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matka\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>matka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> m. (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">42195</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    matkat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>Juoksumatka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pituus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan kaikki</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan yksi listasta ja nimetään se</span>\n    maraton <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># viimeisenä listassa</span>\n    maraton<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maraton\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan vielä uudella nimellä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[100 m. (ei nimeä), 200 m. (ei nimeä), 1500 m. (ei nimeä), 3000 m. (ei nimeä), 42195 m. (ei nimeä)]\n[100 m. (ei nimeä), 200 m. (ei nimeä), 1500 m. (ei nimeä), 3000 m. (ei nimeä), 42195 m. (Maraton)]</p></sample-output><p>Jos oma luokka on viime kerran esimerkin mukaisesti iteroitava, voidaan sitä käyttää lähteenä listakoosteessa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sivuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kirjailija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sivuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sivuja\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kirjahylly</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_kirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Iteraattorin alustusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tässä tulee alustaa iteroinnissa käytettävä(t) muuttuja(t)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__iter__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa viittauksen olioon itseensä, koska</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># iteraattori on toteutettu samassa luokassa</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa seuraavan alkion</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos ei ole enempää alkioita, heitetään tapahtuma</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># StopIteration</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__next__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poimitaan listasta nykyinen</span>\n            kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan laskuria yhdellä</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja palautetaan</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kirja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Ei enempää kirjoja</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> StopIteration\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Elämäni Pythoniassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">123</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Hemingjava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">204</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C-itsemän veljestä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hylly <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirjahylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan lista, jossa kaikkien kirjojen nimet</span>\n    kirjojen_nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hylly<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjojen_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Kauppalistan tuotteet' tmcname='osa11-09_kauppalistan_tuotteet'><p>Osan 10 tehtävässä teimme <a href=\"/osa-10/3-olio-ohjelmoinnin-tekniikoita#programming-exercise-iteroitava-kauppalista\">Kauppalista-luokasta iteroitavan</a>. Iteroitavan luokan oliota voidaan käyttää listakoosteiden yhteydessä. Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana luokasta typistetty versio, jonka toiminnallisuus riittää tähän tehtävään.</p><p>Tee nyt funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kauppalistan_tuotteet(kauppalista, maara: int)</code> joka saa parametriksi kauppalista-olion. Funktio palauttaa kauppalistan ostoksista niiden tuotteiden nimet, joita on listalla vähintään parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">maara</code> verran.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla, ja sen pituus saa olla <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-määrittelyriveineen yhteensä korkeintaan kaksi riviä. Luokan Kauppalista koodia ei saa muuttaa!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkoholiton olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kauppalistalla vähintään 8 seuraavia tuotteita:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kauppalistan_tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>kauppalistalla vähintään 8 seuraavia tuotteita:\nbanaanit\nalkoholiton olut</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Halvempien hintaero' tmcname='osa11-10_halvempien_hintaero'><p>Osan 9 tehtävässä teimme luokan <a href=\"/osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset#programming-exercise-asuntovertailu\">Asunto</a>. Tässä tehtävässä on käytössä hieman laajennettu versio luokasta.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">halvemmat(asunnot: list, verrattava: Asunto)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan asuntoja sekä yksittäisen vertailtavan asunnon. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolla on asunnoista ne, jotka ovat hinnaltaan halvempia kuin vertailtava asunto, sekä näiden hintaeron. Palautettavan listan alkiot ovat tupleja, joiden ensimmäinen jäsen on asunto ja toisena sen hintaero vertailtavaan.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa listakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-määrittelyrivi mukaanluettuna on 2 riviä.</p><p>Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Asunto</code> koodia ei saa muuttaa!</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Eira yksiö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kallio kaksio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jakomäki kolmio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">215</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suomussalmi omakotitalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">105</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1700</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kerava 4h ja keittiö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na6 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Haikon kartano\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nasunnot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>a1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a5<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a6<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"asuntoa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> halvemmat vaihtoehdot:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> halvemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asunnot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> hintaero </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>asuntoa Jakomäki kolmio halvemmat vaihtoehdot:\nEira yksiö                     hintaero 107000 euroa\nKallio kaksio                  hintaero 35400 euroa\nSuomussalmi omakotitalo        hintaero 87500 euroa\nKerava 4h ja keittiö           hintaero 16500 euroa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"koosteet-sanakirjan-kanssa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Koosteet sanakirjan kanssa<a href=\"#koosteet-sanakirjan-kanssa\" aria-label=\"koosteet sanakirjan kanssa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koosteet toimivat samalla tavalla myös sanakirjan kanssa: jos vaihdetaan hakasulkeet aaltosulkeiksi, syntyy koosteen seurauksena listan sijasta sanakirja. Koska sanakirjan alkio muodostuu kahdesta komponentista - arvosta ja avaimesta, tulee molemmat komponentit antaa myös koostetta luodessa.</p><p>Lähteenä voidaan edelleen käyttää mitä tahansa sarjaa, eli esimerkiksi listaa, merkkijonoa, tuplea, sanakirjaa tai omaa iteroinnin toteuttavaa luokkaa.</p><p>Esimerkki, joka luo merkkijonon pohjalta sanakirjan, joka sisältää kaikki merkkijonon kirjaimet ja niiden esiintymämäärät:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hei kaikki\"</span>\n\nmerkkimäärät <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirjain <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirjain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkimäärät<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'H': 1, 'e': 1, 'i': 3, ' ': 1, 'k': 3, 'a': 1}</p></sample-output><p>Periaate on siis täsmälleen sama, mutta yksittäisen arvon sijasta annetaan erikseen avain ja arvo. Yleisesti merkittynä siis:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">{&lt;avainlauseke> : &lt;arvolauseke> for &lt;alkio> in &lt;sarja>}</code></p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toisena esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka laskee kaikkien listalla olevien positiivisten lukujen kertomat, mutta tällä kertaa sanakirjaan. Luku toimii avaimena ja kertoma arvona:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n! \"\"\"</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> n\n        n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kertomat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{3: 6, 2: 2, 1: 1, 4: 24, 5: 120, 6: 720}</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Merkkijonojen pituudet' tmcname='osa11-11_merkkijonojen_pituudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituudet(merkkijonot: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa <em>sanakirjan</em>, jossa avaimina on listan merkkijonot ja arvoina merkkijonojen pituudet.</p><p>Funktio tulee toteuttaa sanakirjakoosteen avulla. Funktion maksimipituus def-määrittelyrivi mukaanlukien on kaksi riviä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kuokka\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsanojen_pituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_pituudet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'suo': 3, 'kuokka': 6, 'python': 6, 'ja': 2, 'koodari': 7}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Yleisimmät sanat' tmcname='osa11-12_yleisimmat_sanat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">yleisimmat_sanat(tiedoston_nimi: str, raja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen tiedoston nimen. Funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, joka sisältää tiedostossa olevien sanojen esiintymislukumäärän niiden sanojen osalta, joilla on vähintään toisen parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">raja</code> verran esiintymiä.</p><p>Esim. jos funktiolla tarkasteltaisiin tiedostoa <em>comprehensions.txt</em> jonka sisältö on seuraava</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"txt\"><pre class=\"language-txt\"><code class=\"language-txt\">List comprehension is an elegant way to define and create lists based on existing lists.\nList comprehension is generally more compact and faster than normal functions and loops for creating list.\nHowever, we should avoid writing very long list comprehensions in one line to ensure that code is user-friendly.\nRemember, every list comprehension can be rewritten in for loop, but every for loop can’t be rewritten in the form of list comprehension.</code></pre></div><p>Kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">yleisimmat_sanat(\"comprehensions.txt\", 3)</code> funktion palauttama sanakirja näyttäisi seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>{'comprehension': 4, 'is': 3, 'and': 3, 'for': 3, 'list': 4, 'in': 3}</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kirjainkoko vaikuttaa ja vain kokonaiset sanat lasketaan - sanat 'List' ja 'lists' eivät siis saa kasvattaa sanan 'list' lukumäärää. Lisäksi kaikki sanoissa olevat välimerkit tulee poistaa.</p><p>Funktion toteutustapa on vapaa, helpoimmalla pääset hyödyntämällä lista- ja sanakirjakoosteita.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta","title":"Lisää koosteesta"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/2-lisaa-koosteesta.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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funktiolle "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"binaarihaku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. Alussa hakualue on koko lista, jolloin vasen kohta on 0 ja oikea kohta on "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"len(lista)-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Funktio tarkastaa hakualueen keskellä olevan alkion ja joko ilmoittaa, että haluttu alkio löytyi, tai jatkaa hakua vasemmasta tai oikeasta puoliskosta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos verrataan binäärihakua "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"peräkkäishakuun"}]},{"type":"text","value":", algoritmien tehokkuus erottuu selvästi. Peräkkäishaussa alkiota lähdetään etsimään listan alusta ja listaa käydään läpi yksi alkio kerrallaan, kunnes alkio on löytynyt tai on päästy listan loppuun. Jos listan pituus on miljoona alkiota, tarvitaan perättäishaussa koko listan läpikäyntiin miljoona askelta, mutta binäärihaussa askelia tarvitaan vain 20."}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan rekursiolla</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse yksinkertaisen rekursiivisen funktion</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Kuten aiemmin on huomattu, funktiot voivat kutsua toisia funktioita. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Samaan tapaan funktio voi kutsua myös itseään. Jos kuitenkaan funktion parametrit eivät muutu kutsukertojen välissä, tästä syntyy \"ikuinen silmukka\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin funktion kutsuminen millä tahansa merkkijonolla antaa virheilmoituksen:</p><sample-output><p>RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"mita-rekursio-tarkoittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä rekursio tarkoittaa?<a href=\"#mita-rekursio-tarkoittaa\" aria-label=\"mita rekursio tarkoittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Virheilmoituksessakin mainitulla <em>rekursiolla</em> tarkoitetaan sitä, että funktio kutsuu itseään. Rekursiossa funktion parametrien pitää kuitenkin muuttua niin, että jossain vaiheessa kutsuminen lopetetaan. Perusperiaate on sama kuin silmukoissa: jotta silmukka ei jatkuisi ikuisesti, siinä tulee olla päättymisehto, joka toteutuu jossain vaiheessa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan aluksi yksinkertaista funktiota, joka lisää listan loppuun 0-alkioita niin kauan kuin listan pituus on alle 10. Silmukan sijasta funktio kutsuukin itseään uudestaan, jos ehto ei täyty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tayta_lista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Lisää listaan alkoita jos sen pituus on alle 10 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan uudestaaan</span>\n        tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]</p></sample-output><p>Perinteisellä silmukalla ohjelma näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tayta_lista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Lisää listaan alkoita jos sen pituus on alle 10 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Esimerkeistä huomataan, että perinteinen (eli <em>iteratiivinen</em>) lähestymistapa tuottaa lyhyemmän ja selkeämmän ohjelman. Rekursiivinen ohjelma kuitenkin toimii ja tuottaa oikean lopputuloksen, koska funktio käsittelee jokaisella kutsukerralla samaa listaa viittauksen kautta.</p><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Iteratiivinen vai rekursiivinen?\"><p>Tietojenkäsittelytieteteessä erotetaan usein <em>iteratiiviset</em> ja <em>rekursiiviset</em> algoritmit. Iteratiivinen tarkoittaa kurssilla tähän asti yleensä käyttämäämme tapaa, jossa ratkaisu perustuu peräkkäisyyteen – yleensä siihen, että käsitellään rakenne silmukassa. Rekursiivinen tarkoittaa vaihtoehtoista tapaa, jossa funktio silmukan sijasta (tai lisäksi) kutsuu itseään muuttuvilla parametrien arvoilla.</p><p>Mikä tahansa algoritmi on periaatteessa mahdollista toteuttaa sekä iteratiivisesti että rekursiivisesti, mutta monessa tapauksessa jompikumpi tapa soveltuu selkeästi paremmin ongelman ratkaisemiseen.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Suurempia lukuja' tmcname='osa11-13_listaan_lukuja'><p>Kirjoita <em>rekursiivinen funktio</em> <code class=\"language-text\">listaan_lukuja(luvut: list)</code>, joka lisää listaan lukuja niin kauan, kunnes listan pituus on viidellä jaollinen. Jokainen listaan lisättävä luku on aina yhden suurempi kuin listan viimeinen luku.</p><p>Funktion pitää kutsua itseään rekursiivisesti.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsusta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistaan_lukuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"rekursio-ja-paluuarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rekursio ja paluuarvot<a href=\"#rekursio-ja-paluuarvot\" aria-label=\"rekursio ja paluuarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Rekursiivisella funktiolla voi olla myös palautusarvo. Tarkastellaan tätä tarkoitusta varten esimerkkiä, joka laskee kertoman rekursiivisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n!, eli n * (n-1) ... * 2 * 1 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Lukujen 0 ja 1 kertoma on 1</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsuu funktiota uudestaan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kertoma on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luvun 1 kertoma on 1\nLuvun 2 kertoma on 2\nLuvun 3 kertoma on 6\nLuvun 4 kertoma on 24\nLuvun 5 kertoma on 120\nLuvun 6 kertoma on 720</p></sample-output><p>Jos funktion parametrin arvo on 0 tai 1, funktio palauttaa 1 (koska kertoman määritelmän mukaan lukujen 0 ja 1 kertoma on 1). Muuten funktio palauttaa lausekkeen <code class=\"language-text\">n * kertoma(n - 1)</code>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että parametri <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kerrotaan funktion itsensä kutsun palauttamalla arvolla.</p><p>Olennaista funktion toimivuuden kannalta on, että funktiossa on määritelty ehto, jolla se ei kutsu itseään enää uudestaan. Tässä tapauksessa ehto on <code class=\"language-text\">n &lt; 2</code>.</p><p><a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visualisaattori</a> on oivallinen väline rekursiota käyttävien ohjelmien tutkimiseksi.</p><p>Laajennetaan kertoman laskevaa funktiota niin, että se käyttää apumuuttujia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    edellisen_luvun_kertoma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvun_n_kertoma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> edellisen_luvun_kertoma\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvun_n_kertoma\n    \nkertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kokeile, miten <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def%20kertoma%28n%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3C%202%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20edellisen_luvun_kertoma%20%3D%20kertoma%28n%20-%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20luvun_n_kertoma%20%3D%20n%20*%20edellisen_luvun_kertoma%0A%20%20%20%20return%20luvun_n_kertoma%0A%20%20%20%20%0Akertoma%285%29&#x26;cumulative=false&#x26;curInstr=5&#x26;heapPrimitives=nevernest&#x26;mode=display&#x26;origin=opt-frontend.js&#x26;py=3&#x26;rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&#x26;textReferences=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattori</a> demonstroi rekursion etenemisen.</p><p>Hieman normaalista poiketen visualisaattorissa kutsupino \"kasvaa\" alaspäin. Suorituksessa oleva funktiokutsu on kutsupinon alimpana oleva sinisellä merkitty \"lohko\", jolla on omat muuttujansa. Hetken kuluttua palautettava tulos on laskettu muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">luvun_n_kertoma</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/6976b/11_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/a0b58/11_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/bc10c/11_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/966d8/11_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/445df/11_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/78de1/11_1_1.webp 1840w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/129b4/11_1_1.webp 2172w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/81c8e/11_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/08a84/11_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/c0255/11_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/b1001/11_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/161ec/11_1_1.png 1840w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/6976b/11_1_1.png 2172w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/c0255/11_1_1.png\" alt=\"11 1 1\" title=\"11 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista funktiota, joka laskee halutun Fibonaccin luvun rekursiivisesti. Fibonaccin lukujonossa luku on aina kahden edellisen luvun summa. Niinpä jonon alku näyttää tältä: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">fibonacci</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa n:nen luvun Fibonaccin sarjasta (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 jne.); n > 0\"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kaksi ekaa lukua ovat ykkösiä</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten luku saadaan laskemalla kaksi edellistä yhteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan, että toimii</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Fibonaccin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">. luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Fibonaccin 1. luku on 1\nFibonaccin 2. luku on 1\nFibonaccin 3. luku on 2\nFibonaccin 4. luku on 3\nFibonaccin 5. luku on 5\nFibonaccin 6. luku on 8\nFibonaccin 7. luku on 13\nFibonaccin 8. luku on 21\nFibonaccin 9. luku on 34\nFibonaccin 10. luku on 55</p></sample-output><p>Tällä kertaa lopetusehtona on, että luku on pienempi tai yhtä suuri kuin 2, koska Fibonaccin kaksi ensimmäistä lukua ovat molemmat ykkösiä.</p><p>Miten algoritmi käytännössä oikein toimii?</p><p>Luvuille 1 ja 2 algoritmi palauttaa arvon 1 ehdon <code class=\"language-text\">n &lt;= 2</code> mukaisesti.</p><p>Luvulle 3 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)</code>, eli käytännössä lausekkeen <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(2) + fibonacci(1)</code>. Koska edellisessä kohdassa huomattiin, että näiden molempien arvo on 1, palauttaa funktio siis arvon 2 (joka onkin kolmas Fibonaccin luku)</p><p>Luvulle 4 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(3) + fibonacci(2)</code>, mikä edellisten kohtien perusteella on siis <code class=\"language-text\">2 + 1</code> eli 3.</p><p>Luvulle 5 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(4) + fibonacci(3)</code>, mikä edellisten kohtien perusteella on siis <code class=\"language-text\">3 + 2</code> eli 5.</p><p>jne.</p><p>Rekursiivinen algoritmimme siis toimii, koska voimme todistaa jokaisen luvun kohdalla ohjelman toimivuuden aikaisempien lukujen perusteella.</p><programming-exercise name='Rekursiivinen summa' tmcname='osa11-14_rekursiivinen_summa'><p>Tee rekursiivinen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa(luku: int)</code> summan <code class=\"language-text\">1 + 2 + ... + luku</code> laskemiseen. Funktion runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kun luku on 1, ei ole muita summattavia...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># täydennä koodi...</span></code></pre></div><p>Muutama käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>6\n15\n55</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sulut tasapainossa' tmcname='osa11-15_sulut_tasapainossa'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sulut_tasapainossa</code>, joka tarkastaa, onko sen parametrina olevassa merkkijonossa sulut tasapainossa, eli onko jokaista \"aukeavaa\" sulkumerkkiä ( kohti on oma \"sulkeutuva\" sulkumerkki ), ja että sulut eivät mene ristiin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sulut_tasapainossa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">'('</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">')'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># poistetaan ensimmäinen ja viimeinen merkki</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(((())))\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä yksi loppusulku liikaa</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"()())\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä alussa virheellinen loppusulku</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\")()\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa, sillä funktio ei osaa käsitellä kuin sisäkkäisiä sulkuja</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"()(())\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Laajenna funktiota siten, että se jättää huomiotta kaikki muut kuin sulkumerkit, ja että se osaa kaarisulkujen lisäksi myös hakasulut. Haka- ja kaarisulut eivät saa mennä ristiin!</p><p>Seuraavassa muutama käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"([([])])\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(python versio [3.7]) käytä tätä!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä virheellinen loppusulku</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(()]\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä erityyppiset sulut menevät ristiin</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"([huono)]\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että funktion ei tarvitse osata kuin yksi sisäkkäinen sulutus - sen ei siis tarvitse ymmärtää esimerkiksi jonoa (x + 1)(y + 1).</p><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"binaarihaku\" style=\"position:relative;\">Binäärihaku<a href=\"#binaarihaku\" aria-label=\"binaarihaku permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Binäärihaussa yritetään löytää järjestyksessä olevasta listasta annettu alkio. Järjestys tarkoittaa tässä yhteydessä esimerkiksi lukujen järjestystä pienimmästä suurimpaan tai merkkijonoja aakkosjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Binäärihaun ideana on, että tarkastellaan aina listan keskimmäistä alkiota. Jos</p><ul>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on etsitty alkio, palautetaan tieto siitä, että alkio löytyi</li>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on pienempi kuin etsittävä alkio, rajataan haku listan jälkimmäiselle puolikkaalle</li>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on suurempi kuin etsittävä alkio, rajataan haku listan ensimmäiselle puolikkaalle</li>\n</ul><p>Jos lista on tyhjä, palautetaan tieto siitä, että alkiota ei löytynyt.</p><p>Seuraava kuva havainnollistaa binäärihaun etenemistä, kun etsitään listasta lukua 24:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 777px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.47826086956522%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/a0b58/11_3_1.webp 230w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/bc10c/11_3_1.webp 460w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/2e4ba/11_3_1.webp 777w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/81c8e/11_3_1.png 230w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/08a84/11_3_1.png 460w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png 777w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png\" alt=\"11 3 1\" title=\"11 3 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Rekursiivinen algoritmi binäärihaulle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">binaarihaku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa True tai False sen mukaan, onko listalla alkiota \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos hakualue on tyhjä, ei löydy</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vasen <span class=\"token operator\">></span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Lasketaan hakualueen keskikohta</span>\n    keski <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vasen<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">//</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos keskellä on etsittävä alkio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keski<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos pienempi, etsi jälkipuoliskolta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keski<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keski<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten täytyy olla suurempi, etsitään alkupuoliskolta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keski<span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">18</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Tässä funktiolle <code class=\"language-text\">binaarihaku</code> annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. Alussa hakualue on koko lista, jolloin vasen kohta on 0 ja oikea kohta on <code class=\"language-text\">len(lista)-1</code>. Funktio tarkastaa hakualueen keskellä olevan alkion ja joko ilmoittaa, että haluttu alkio löytyi, tai jatkaa hakua vasemmasta tai oikeasta puoliskosta.</p><p>Jos verrataan binäärihakua <em>peräkkäishakuun</em>, algoritmien tehokkuus erottuu selvästi. Peräkkäishaussa alkiota lähdetään etsimään listan alusta ja listaa käydään läpi yksi alkio kerrallaan, kunnes alkio on löytynyt tai on päästy listan loppuun. Jos listan pituus on miljoona alkiota, tarvitaan perättäishaussa koko listan läpikäyntiin miljoona askelta, mutta binäärihaussa askelia tarvitaan vain 20.</p></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/3-rekursio","title":"Rekursio"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/3-rekursio.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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funktiolle "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"binaarihaku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. Alussa hakualue on koko lista, jolloin vasen kohta on 0 ja oikea kohta on "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"len(lista)-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Funktio tarkastaa hakualueen keskellä olevan alkion ja joko ilmoittaa, että haluttu alkio löytyi, tai jatkaa hakua vasemmasta tai oikeasta puoliskosta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos verrataan binäärihakua "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"peräkkäishakuun"}]},{"type":"text","value":", algoritmien tehokkuus erottuu selvästi. Peräkkäishaussa alkiota lähdetään etsimään listan alusta ja listaa käydään läpi yksi alkio kerrallaan, kunnes alkio on löytynyt tai on päästy listan loppuun. Jos listan pituus on miljoona alkiota, tarvitaan perättäishaussa koko listan läpikäyntiin miljoona askelta, mutta binäärihaussa askelia tarvitaan vain 20."}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan rekursiolla</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse yksinkertaisen rekursiivisen funktion</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Kuten aiemmin on huomattu, funktiot voivat kutsua toisia funktioita. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Samaan tapaan funktio voi kutsua myös itseään. Jos kuitenkaan funktion parametrit eivät muutu kutsukertojen välissä, tästä syntyy \"ikuinen silmukka\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin funktion kutsuminen millä tahansa merkkijonolla antaa virheilmoituksen:</p><sample-output><p>RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"mita-rekursio-tarkoittaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä rekursio tarkoittaa?<a href=\"#mita-rekursio-tarkoittaa\" aria-label=\"mita rekursio tarkoittaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Virheilmoituksessakin mainitulla <em>rekursiolla</em> tarkoitetaan sitä, että funktio kutsuu itseään. Rekursiossa funktion parametrien pitää kuitenkin muuttua niin, että jossain vaiheessa kutsuminen lopetetaan. Perusperiaate on sama kuin silmukoissa: jotta silmukka ei jatkuisi ikuisesti, siinä tulee olla päättymisehto, joka toteutuu jossain vaiheessa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan aluksi yksinkertaista funktiota, joka lisää listan loppuun 0-alkioita niin kauan kuin listan pituus on alle 10. Silmukan sijasta funktio kutsuukin itseään uudestaan, jos ehto ei täyty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tayta_lista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Lisää listaan alkoita jos sen pituus on alle 10 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan uudestaaan</span>\n        tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]</p></sample-output><p>Perinteisellä silmukalla ohjelma näyttäisi esimerkiksi tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tayta_lista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Lisää listaan alkoita jos sen pituus on alle 10 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    testi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tayta_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Esimerkeistä huomataan, että perinteinen (eli <em>iteratiivinen</em>) lähestymistapa tuottaa lyhyemmän ja selkeämmän ohjelman. Rekursiivinen ohjelma kuitenkin toimii ja tuottaa oikean lopputuloksen, koska funktio käsittelee jokaisella kutsukerralla samaa listaa viittauksen kautta.</p><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Iteratiivinen vai rekursiivinen?\"><p>Tietojenkäsittelytieteteessä erotetaan usein <em>iteratiiviset</em> ja <em>rekursiiviset</em> algoritmit. Iteratiivinen tarkoittaa kurssilla tähän asti yleensä käyttämäämme tapaa, jossa ratkaisu perustuu peräkkäisyyteen – yleensä siihen, että käsitellään rakenne silmukassa. Rekursiivinen tarkoittaa vaihtoehtoista tapaa, jossa funktio silmukan sijasta (tai lisäksi) kutsuu itseään muuttuvilla parametrien arvoilla.</p><p>Mikä tahansa algoritmi on periaatteessa mahdollista toteuttaa sekä iteratiivisesti että rekursiivisesti, mutta monessa tapauksessa jompikumpi tapa soveltuu selkeästi paremmin ongelman ratkaisemiseen.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Suurempia lukuja' tmcname='osa11-13_listaan_lukuja'><p>Kirjoita <em>rekursiivinen funktio</em> <code class=\"language-text\">listaan_lukuja(luvut: list)</code>, joka lisää listaan lukuja niin kauan, kunnes listan pituus on viidellä jaollinen. Jokainen listaan lisättävä luku on aina yhden suurempi kuin listan viimeinen luku.</p><p>Funktion pitää kutsua itseään rekursiivisesti.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsusta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistaan_lukuja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"rekursio-ja-paluuarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rekursio ja paluuarvot<a href=\"#rekursio-ja-paluuarvot\" aria-label=\"rekursio ja paluuarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Rekursiivisella funktiolla voi olla myös palautusarvo. Tarkastellaan tätä tarkoitusta varten esimerkkiä, joka laskee kertoman rekursiivisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio laskee positiivisen luvun n kertoman n!, eli n * (n-1) ... * 2 * 1 \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Lukujen 0 ja 1 kertoma on 1</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsuu funktiota uudestaan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kertoma on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luvun 1 kertoma on 1\nLuvun 2 kertoma on 2\nLuvun 3 kertoma on 6\nLuvun 4 kertoma on 24\nLuvun 5 kertoma on 120\nLuvun 6 kertoma on 720</p></sample-output><p>Jos funktion parametrin arvo on 0 tai 1, funktio palauttaa 1 (koska kertoman määritelmän mukaan lukujen 0 ja 1 kertoma on 1). Muuten funktio palauttaa lausekkeen <code class=\"language-text\">n * kertoma(n - 1)</code>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että parametri <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kerrotaan funktion itsensä kutsun palauttamalla arvolla.</p><p>Olennaista funktion toimivuuden kannalta on, että funktiossa on määritelty ehto, jolla se ei kutsu itseään enää uudestaan. Tässä tapauksessa ehto on <code class=\"language-text\">n &lt; 2</code>.</p><p><a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visualisaattori</a> on oivallinen väline rekursiota käyttävien ohjelmien tutkimiseksi.</p><p>Laajennetaan kertoman laskevaa funktiota niin, että se käyttää apumuuttujia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    edellisen_luvun_kertoma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvun_n_kertoma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> edellisen_luvun_kertoma\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvun_n_kertoma\n    \nkertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kokeile, miten <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def%20kertoma%28n%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20if%20n%20%3C%202%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20edellisen_luvun_kertoma%20%3D%20kertoma%28n%20-%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20luvun_n_kertoma%20%3D%20n%20*%20edellisen_luvun_kertoma%0A%20%20%20%20return%20luvun_n_kertoma%0A%20%20%20%20%0Akertoma%285%29&#x26;cumulative=false&#x26;curInstr=5&#x26;heapPrimitives=nevernest&#x26;mode=display&#x26;origin=opt-frontend.js&#x26;py=3&#x26;rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&#x26;textReferences=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattori</a> demonstroi rekursion etenemisen.</p><p>Hieman normaalista poiketen visualisaattorissa kutsupino \"kasvaa\" alaspäin. Suorituksessa oleva funktiokutsu on kutsupinon alimpana oleva sinisellä merkitty \"lohko\", jolla on omat muuttujansa. Hetken kuluttua palautettava tulos on laskettu muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">luvun_n_kertoma</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/6976b/11_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABKklEQVQoz42Ry04DMQxF+/+fxgapGwQSQtBKhcx08rJnbMeOUWcKpTuOoiwSnST3ZpcrlYq1lgJLKpeRCwCA/4Odu/cVNQtjHM7ZrG+L26ym3b2tiMg8zze5946I0zSllBaSpv1Xc3dZaKmwAJaYlEVEzuezqt5kMyuljOOIAIhYV4jIepcQecqOJBksVudm3brZVTZhJgor4zDEONUfmLmlyk3c3bzrTE5yl9lUAaCU0loDJJj57zaPaangaiZN6+zcfI10lWvOKaWtBhZjtt59y+LuMaSP18/xVE6HqXxGX+5v1tbMDAFCCMPl7V8hBADo6xkh4ePzcf9yfHh6D4fB9292HPtUvF062wFKRSFAYUorIqKq2/+xaEGKGWIGknYpayZjMTUz+wbqwQrKy5mcywAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/a0b58/11_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/bc10c/11_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/966d8/11_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/445df/11_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/78de1/11_1_1.webp 1840w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/129b4/11_1_1.webp 2172w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/81c8e/11_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/08a84/11_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/c0255/11_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/b1001/11_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/161ec/11_1_1.png 1840w,\n/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/6976b/11_1_1.png 2172w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9d75a2d6b42864178f98c237765dbc86/c0255/11_1_1.png\" alt=\"11 1 1\" title=\"11 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista funktiota, joka laskee halutun Fibonaccin luvun rekursiivisesti. Fibonaccin lukujonossa luku on aina kahden edellisen luvun summa. Niinpä jonon alku näyttää tältä: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">fibonacci</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa n:nen luvun Fibonaccin sarjasta (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 jne.); n > 0\"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kaksi ekaa lukua ovat ykkösiä</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten luku saadaan laskemalla kaksi edellistä yhteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan, että toimii</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Fibonaccin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">. luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>fibonacci<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Fibonaccin 1. luku on 1\nFibonaccin 2. luku on 1\nFibonaccin 3. luku on 2\nFibonaccin 4. luku on 3\nFibonaccin 5. luku on 5\nFibonaccin 6. luku on 8\nFibonaccin 7. luku on 13\nFibonaccin 8. luku on 21\nFibonaccin 9. luku on 34\nFibonaccin 10. luku on 55</p></sample-output><p>Tällä kertaa lopetusehtona on, että luku on pienempi tai yhtä suuri kuin 2, koska Fibonaccin kaksi ensimmäistä lukua ovat molemmat ykkösiä.</p><p>Miten algoritmi käytännössä oikein toimii?</p><p>Luvuille 1 ja 2 algoritmi palauttaa arvon 1 ehdon <code class=\"language-text\">n &lt;= 2</code> mukaisesti.</p><p>Luvulle 3 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)</code>, eli käytännössä lausekkeen <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(2) + fibonacci(1)</code>. Koska edellisessä kohdassa huomattiin, että näiden molempien arvo on 1, palauttaa funktio siis arvon 2 (joka onkin kolmas Fibonaccin luku)</p><p>Luvulle 4 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(3) + fibonacci(2)</code>, mikä edellisten kohtien perusteella on siis <code class=\"language-text\">2 + 1</code> eli 3.</p><p>Luvulle 5 algoritmi palauttaa arvon lausekkeesta <code class=\"language-text\">fibonacci(4) + fibonacci(3)</code>, mikä edellisten kohtien perusteella on siis <code class=\"language-text\">3 + 2</code> eli 5.</p><p>jne.</p><p>Rekursiivinen algoritmimme siis toimii, koska voimme todistaa jokaisen luvun kohdalla ohjelman toimivuuden aikaisempien lukujen perusteella.</p><programming-exercise name='Rekursiivinen summa' tmcname='osa11-14_rekursiivinen_summa'><p>Tee rekursiivinen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa(luku: int)</code> summan <code class=\"language-text\">1 + 2 + ... + luku</code> laskemiseen. Funktion runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kun luku on 1, ei ole muita summattavia...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># täydennä koodi...</span></code></pre></div><p>Muutama käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>6\n15\n55</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sulut tasapainossa' tmcname='osa11-15_sulut_tasapainossa'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sulut_tasapainossa</code>, joka tarkastaa, onko sen parametrina olevassa merkkijonossa sulut tasapainossa, eli onko jokaista \"aukeavaa\" sulkumerkkiä ( kohti on oma \"sulkeutuva\" sulkumerkki ), ja että sulut eivät mene ristiin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sulut_tasapainossa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">'('</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">')'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># poistetaan ensimmäinen ja viimeinen merkki</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(((())))\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä yksi loppusulku liikaa</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"()())\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä alussa virheellinen loppusulku</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\")()\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa, sillä funktio ei osaa käsitellä kuin sisäkkäisiä sulkuja</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"()(())\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Laajenna funktiota siten, että se jättää huomiotta kaikki muut kuin sulkumerkit, ja että se osaa kaarisulkujen lisäksi myös hakasulut. Haka- ja kaarisulut eivät saa mennä ristiin!</p><p>Seuraavassa muutama käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"([([])])\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(python versio [3.7]) käytä tätä!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä virheellinen loppusulku</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"(()]\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ei kelpaa sillä erityyppiset sulut menevät ristiin</span>\nok <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sulut_tasapainossa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"([huono)]\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että funktion ei tarvitse osata kuin yksi sisäkkäinen sulutus - sen ei siis tarvitse ymmärtää esimerkiksi jonoa (x + 1)(y + 1).</p><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"binaarihaku\" style=\"position:relative;\">Binäärihaku<a href=\"#binaarihaku\" aria-label=\"binaarihaku permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Binäärihaussa yritetään löytää järjestyksessä olevasta listasta annettu alkio. Järjestys tarkoittaa tässä yhteydessä esimerkiksi lukujen järjestystä pienimmästä suurimpaan tai merkkijonoja aakkosjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Binäärihaun ideana on, että tarkastellaan aina listan keskimmäistä alkiota. Jos</p><ul>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on etsitty alkio, palautetaan tieto siitä, että alkio löytyi</li>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on pienempi kuin etsittävä alkio, rajataan haku listan jälkimmäiselle puolikkaalle</li>\n<li>keskimmäinen alkio on suurempi kuin etsittävä alkio, rajataan haku listan ensimmäiselle puolikkaalle</li>\n</ul><p>Jos lista on tyhjä, palautetaan tieto siitä, että alkiota ei löytynyt.</p><p>Seuraava kuva havainnollistaa binäärihaun etenemistä, kun etsitään listasta lukua 24:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 777px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.47826086956522%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/a0b58/11_3_1.webp 230w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/bc10c/11_3_1.webp 460w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/2e4ba/11_3_1.webp 777w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/81c8e/11_3_1.png 230w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/08a84/11_3_1.png 460w,\n/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png 777w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/ca600c1fe96166b67e6fe37b5f5dcc89/108f8/11_3_1.png\" alt=\"11 3 1\" title=\"11 3 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Rekursiivinen algoritmi binäärihaulle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">binaarihaku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Funktio palauttaa True tai False sen mukaan, onko listalla alkiota \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos hakualue on tyhjä, ei löydy</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vasen <span class=\"token operator\">></span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Lasketaan hakualueen keskikohta</span>\n    keski <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vasen<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">//</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos keskellä on etsittävä alkio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keski<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos pienempi, etsi jälkipuoliskolta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keski<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keski<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten täytyy olla suurempi, etsitään alkupuoliskolta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keski<span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">18</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>binaarihaku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Tässä funktiolle <code class=\"language-text\">binaarihaku</code> annetaan neljä parametria: viite listaan, etsittävä alkio sekä hakualueen vasen ja oikea kohta. 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"niina 12"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlisätty!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koodaa uusi twitter"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"joona 55"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlisätty!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nei valmiita"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian  harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmerkitty valmiiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmerkitty valmiiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona VALMIS"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\njoona\nerkki\nniina"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"joona"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntyöt: valmiina 2 ei valmiina 1, tunteja: tehty 55 tekemättä 1000"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ensimmäiseen tehtäväpisteeseen riittää, että sovellus toimii jos kaikki syötteet ovat virheettömiä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"virheiden-kasittely","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Virheiden käsittely"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#virheiden-kasittely","ariaLabel":"virheiden kasittely permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toiseen tehtäväpisteeseen edellytetään, että sovellus toipuu käyttäjän syötteessä olevista virheistä. Virheiden käsittelyn tulee toimia siten, että missä tahansa syötteessa annettu virheellinen syöte aiheuttaa virheilmoituksen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"virheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ja johtaa siihen, että komentoa pyydetään uudelleen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tee sovellus ajanhallintaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"erkki xxx"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tee sovellus ajanhallintaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"erkki"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000000"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"XXXX"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tuntematonkoodari"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d9bb47f3-47c2-5e56-9845-628d9977c542"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tässä osiossa</p><ul>\n<li>Käydään läpi muutamia binääripuuhun liittyviä rekursiivisia esimerkkialgoritmeja</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Rekursion todellinen hyöty tulee esiin tilanteissa, joissa iteratiivinen ratkaisu on hankala kirjoittaa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä <em>binääripuuta</em>. Binääripuulla tarkoitetaan puurakennetta, jossa jokaisella alkiolla on korkeintaan kaksi \"lasta\". Binääripuu voisi siis näyttää esim. tältä (huomaa, että vaikka tietojenkäsittelijöitä pidetään joissain yhteyksissä luonnontieteilijöinä, käsityksemme puiden kasvusuunnasta on nurinkurinen):</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 307px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/a0b58/11_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/b1a97/11_4_1.webp 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/81c8e/11_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" alt=\"11 4 1\" title=\"11 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Binääripuiden (ja puiden yleensäkin) käsittely rekursiivisesti on ainakin teoriassa helppoa: jos halutaan tehdä jokin operaatio binääripuun kaikille alkioille - esim. etsiä jokin tietty alkio puusta, voidaan kirjoittaa rekursiivinen algoritmi, joka</p><ol>\n<li>Käsittelee nykyisen alkion</li>\n<li>Kutsuu itseään vasemmasta lapsesta alkavalle \"alipuulle\"</li>\n<li>Kutsuu itseään oikeasta lapsesta alkavalle \"alipuulle\"</li>\n</ol><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 362px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 77.82608695652173%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/a0b58/11_4_2.webp 230w,\n/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/c2de8/11_4_2.webp 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/81c8e/11_4_2.png 230w,\n/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png\" alt=\"11 4 2\" title=\"11 4 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kun koko rekursiivinen algoritmi on käsitelty, on vierailtu kerran puun jokaisessa solussa. Iteratiivinen versio algoritmista on yleensä hankalampi kirjoittaa, koska kirjanpito vieralluista alkioista menee äkkiä monimutkaiseksi.</p><p>Binääripuuta voidaan mallintaa helposti kirjoittamalla luokka, joka mallintaa yhtä alkiota puussa. Alkiolla on arvon lisäksi tieto vasemmasta ja oikeasta lapsestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä alkiota binääripuussa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token string\">'Alkio'</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token string\">'Alkio'</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vasen_lapsi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_lapsi</code></pre></div><p>Nyt jos halutaan mallintaa esimerkiksi oheisen kaltainen puu:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 267px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 68.26086956521739%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/a0b58/11_4_3.webp 230w,\n/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/9156e/11_4_3.webp 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/81c8e/11_4_3.png 230w,\n/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png\" alt=\"11 4 3\" title=\"11 4 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>...se voidaan muodostaa seuraavalla ohjelmalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    puu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><h2 id=\"rekursiiviset-binaaripuualgoritmit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rekursiiviset binääripuualgoritmit<a href=\"#rekursiiviset-binaaripuualgoritmit\" aria-label=\"rekursiiviset binaaripuualgoritmit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan ensin algoritmia, joka tulostaa kaikki binääripuun alkiot allekkain. Käytetään esimerkkinä tässä ja tulevissa tehtävissä yllä muodostettua puuta.</p><p>Funktio saa parametrikseen juurialkion (eli kaikkein ylimmäisenä olevan alkion, jonka <em>jälkeläisiä</em> kaikki muut alkiot ovat):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_alkiot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tulosta_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tulosta_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Funktio tulostaa annetun alkion arvon, ja sen jälkeen kutsuu itseään uudestaan vasemmalle ja oikealla alipuulle (edellyttäen, että vasen ja/tai oikea alkio on määritelty). Algoritmi on melko yksinkertainen, mutta käy tehokkaasti läpi kaikki puun alkiot riippumatta puun koosta. Algoritmi ei myöskään vieraile missään puun alkiossa kahta kertaa.</p><p>Kun funktiolle annetaan parametriksi aikaisemmin luodun binääripuun juurialkio <code class=\"language-text\">puu</code>, se tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>2\n3\n5\n8\n4\n11</p></sample-output><p>Vastaavalla tavalla voidaan kirjoittaa algoritmi, joka laskee kaikkien puun alkioiden summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n</code></pre></div><p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> alustetaan nykyisen alkion arvolla. Tämän jälkeen siihen lisätään rekursiivisesti vasemman ja oikean alipuun summat (tarkastaen taas ensin, että ne ovat olemassa). Lopuksi summa palautetaan.</p><programming-exercise name='Suurin alkio' tmcname='osa11-16_suurin_alkio'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_alkio(juuri: Alkio)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen binääripuun juurialkion.</p><p>Funktion palauttaa puun suurimman alkion. Puun arvot tulee käydä läpi rekursiivisesti.</p><p>Vinkki: voit hyödyntää ratkaisussasi ylempänä esitettyä <code class=\"language-text\">alkoiden_summa</code> -funktiota.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    puu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suurin_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>11</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"jarjestetty-binaaripuu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Järjestetty binääripuu<a href=\"#jarjestetty-binaaripuu\" aria-label=\"jarjestetty binaaripuu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Binääripuusta on erityisesti hyötyä silloin, kun alkiot on järjestetty tietyllä tavalla. Alkion löytäminen järjestetystä puusta on nopeaa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä puuta, jossa alkiot on järjestetty seuraavasti: jokaisen alkion vasen lapsi on pienempi kuin alkio itse, ja vastaavasti oikea alkio on suurempi kuin alkio itse.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 307px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAQCAYAAAAWGF8bAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAABsElEQVQ4y3WU54rDQAyE/f5PlUD+JIT03ntvpHcdn0C+9Z5PYFxWO5rRaB2IF9/vV++fz0fa7bZ0u13pdDryer3CdcuJi8AHs+Tr9apgAHHn3c35DzRwF7nDjHg8HpJOp6XX60k2m5XNZhMy53L3uOCBL9WiXq/L7XYL35E9n89j2xMBdCvsdjsZDodSLBb12RhZjEYjLTQYDMJ1n0hgH5CICSQ2m82QnVvwcrlIo9GQ9XqtuX5fI4DP51Oq1arKqlQqcr/f/ySfz2ft6Ww2k1KppCR8o0JAAABarVZSq9UiJrjSDoeDFiWHZz8nMMfoC5IskH08Hv9tvhnnylbJzBjMuKyaycec7XYbC0qP2VMul2W/3/8yHI/HcjqddCwslsulOkrPYOqfIGI6ncpkMtFcJiMEZAPOsWiBjFwup98xIO6EULBQKChL1IRjgzy3d7BCZr/fD110Gb7fbzUFtynMflhikjJ0mwx1zMlkMhHn/PPNyCDZgsngG2uBm9xqtfQZdq7DlgMI7DDEcm0iMAaWkaNHhUQioQlxhx8gfhSpVEpPi8VisZBkMin5fF5+ALPgzivet7o7AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/a0b58/11_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/b1a97/11_4_1.webp 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/81c8e/11_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" alt=\"11 4 1\" title=\"11 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Nyt alkion etsimiseen voidaan kirjoittaa rekursiivinen algoritmi, joka toimii hyvin samankaltaisesti kuin aiemmin tarkastelemamme binäärihaku: jos juurialkio on tarkasteltava alkio, palautetaan arvo <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Muuten jatketaan rekursiivisesti hakua joko vasemmasta tai oikeasta alipuusta. Jos alkio on tyhjä, palautetaan <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> arvo <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> arvo <span class=\"token operator\">></span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Pomot ja alaiset' tmcname='osa11-17_pomot_ja_alaiset'><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tyontekija</code> mallintaa yrityksen työntekijää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tyontekija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alaiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alainen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Tyontekija'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">laske_alaiset(tyontekija: Tyontekija)</code>, joka laskee rekursiivisesti annetun työntekijän alaisten määrän.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    t1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sasu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t6 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kjell\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t6<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t5<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t5<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3\n0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota\" style=\"position:relative;\">Paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota<a href=\"#paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota\" aria-label=\"paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tässä tehtäväsarjassa ei rekursiota tarvitse eikä edes kannata käyttää. Listakoosteita sen sijaan pääsee hyödyntämään!</p><programming-exercise name='Tilauskirja' tmcname='osa11-18_tilauskirja'><p>Teemme tässä tehtävässä kaksi luokkaa, joitka toimivat rakennuspalikoina seuraavassa tehtävässä aiheena olevassa sovelluksessa.</p><h2 id=\"tehtava\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tehtava<a href=\"#tehtava\" aria-label=\"tehtava permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code>, joka mallintaa ohjelmistoyritykselle annettavia työtehtäviä. Tehtävillä on</p><ul>\n<li>kuvaus</li>\n<li>arvio sen viemästä työmäärästä</li>\n<li>tieto koodarista, joka toteuttaa tehtävän</li>\n<li>tieto siitä, onko tehtävä valmis vai ei</li>\n<li>yksikäsitteinen tunniste eli id</li>\n</ul><p>Luokka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">t1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa hello world\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tyomaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_valmis<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_valmis<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1 koodaa hello world Erkki 3\n1: koodaa hello world (3 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS\nFalse\n1: koodaa hello world (3 tuntia), koodari Erkki VALMIS\nTrue\n2: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS\n3: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS</p></sample-output><p>Täsmennyksiä:</p><ul>\n<li>tehtävän tilan (valmis vai ei vielä valmis) voi tarkistaa metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">on_valmis(self)</code> joka palauttaa totuusarvon</li>\n<li>tehtävä ei ole siinä vaiheessa valmis kun se luodaan</li>\n<li>tehtävä merkataan valmiiksi kutsumalla metodia <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa_valmiiksi(self)</code></li>\n<li>tehtävien id on juokseva numero, joka alkaa arvosta 1 (ensimmäisenä luotava tehtävä saa id:n 1, seuraava id:n 2 jne.)</li>\n</ul><p><strong>Vihje</strong>: id kannattaa toteuttaa <a href=\"/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet#luokkamuuttujat\">luokkamuuttujana</a>.</p><h2 id=\"tilauskirja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirja<a href=\"#tilauskirja\" aria-label=\"tilauskirja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code>, joka kokoaa kaikki ohjelmistoyritykseltä tilatut työtehtävät, joita siis mallinnetaan luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code> olioilla.</p><p>Tilauskirjan perusversiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tilaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS\n2: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS\n3: tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun (100 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS</p><p>Antti\nErkki</p></sample-output><p>Tässä vaiheessa <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> tarjoaa kolme metodia:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tilaus(self, kuvaus, koodari, tyomaara)</code> lisää uuden tilauksen tilauskirjaan. Tilauskirja tallettaa tilaukset sisäisesti <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code>-olioina. Huomaa, että metodilla täytyy olla juuri nämä parametrit, muuten testit eivät hyväksy metodia!</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_tilaukset(self)</code> palauttaa listana kaikki tilauskirjalla olevat tehtävät</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">koodarit(self)</code> palauttaa listana kaikki koodarit, joille on tehtävä tilauskirjassa, metodin palauttama lista ei saa sisältää yhtä koodia useampaan kertaan</li>\n</ul><p><strong>Vihje</strong> Listalta on helppo poistaa duplikaatit siten että muutetaan ensin lista <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/stdtypes.html#set\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">set</a>-tyyppiseksi. Set siis tarkoittaa joukkoa, ja joukossa kutakin alkiota voi olla vain yksi kappale. Tämän jälkeen <code class=\"language-text\">set</code> voidaan muuttaa takaisin listaksi, ja duplikaatit ovat kadonneet:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">set</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 1, 3, 6, 4, 1, 3]\n[1, 3, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"tilauskirjan-viimeistely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirjan viimeistely<a href=\"#tilauskirjan-viimeistely\" aria-label=\"tilauskirjan viimeistely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> vielä kolme uutta metodia.</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa_valmiiksi(self, id: int)</code> saa parametriksi tehtävän id:n ja merkkaa kyseisen tehtävän valmiiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tilaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti VALMIS\n2: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki VALMIS\n3: tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun (100 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS</p></sample-output><p>Jos parametria vastaavaa tilausta ei löydy, tuottaa metodi poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>. Kertaa tarvittaessa <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">täältä</a>, miten poikkeus tuotetaan.</p><p>Metodit <code class=\"language-text\">valmiit_tilaukset(self)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">ei_valmiit_tilaukset(self)</code> toimivat kuten olettaa saattaa, ne palauttavat nimensä mukaisen osajoukon tilauskirjan tehtävistä listana.</p><h2 id=\"tilauskirjan-loppusilaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirjan loppusilaus<a href=\"#tilauskirjan-loppusilaus\" aria-label=\"tilauskirjan loppusilaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> vielä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">koodarin_status(self, koodari: str)</code>, joka palauttaa <em>tuplen</em>, joka kertoo koodarin valmistuneiden ja vielä valmistumattomien töiden määrän sekä näihin kuluneiden työtuntien summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee uusi facebook\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nstatus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodarin_status<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(2, 1, 35, 100)</p></sample-output><p>Tuplen ensimmäinen alkio siis kertoo valmiiden töiden määrän ja toinen valmistumattomien töiden määrän. Kolmas alkio on valmiiden töiden työaika-arvioiden summa ja neljäs alkio vielä valmistumattomien töiden työmääräarvioiden summan.</p><p>Jos parametria vastaavaa koodaria ei löydy, tuottaa metodi poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Tilauskirjasovellus' tmcname='osa11-19_tilauskirjasovellus'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään interaktiivinen sovellus softafirmalta tilattujen tehtävien hallintaan. Tyyli on täysin vapaa, mutta voit hyödyntää sovelluksessa edellisen tehtävän aikana koodattuja rakennuspalikoita. Myös <a href=\"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja\">edellisen osan viimeisen luvun</a> materiaalin kertaaminen saattaa olla hyödyksi.</p><h2 id=\"ei-virheiden-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ei virheiden käsittelyä<a href=\"#ei-virheiden-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"ei virheiden kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sovelluksen tulee toimia <em>täsmälleen</em> seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisää tilaus\n2 listaa valmiit\n3 listaa ei valmiit\n4 merkitse tehtävä valmiiksi\n5 koodarit\n6 koodarin status</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>koodaa uusi facebook</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>joona 1000</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki 25</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>niina 12</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>koodaa uusi twitter</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>joona 55</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nei valmiita</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian  harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>2</strong>\nmerkitty valmiiksi</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>4</strong>\nmerkitty valmiiksi</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>5</strong>\njoona\nerkki\nniina</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkoodari: <strong>joona</strong>\ntyöt: valmiina 2 ei valmiina 1, tunteja: tehty 55 tekemättä 1000</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäiseen tehtäväpisteeseen riittää, että sovellus toimii jos kaikki syötteet ovat virheettömiä.</p><h2 id=\"virheiden-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Virheiden käsittely<a href=\"#virheiden-kasittely\" aria-label=\"virheiden kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toiseen tehtäväpisteeseen edellytetään, että sovellus toipuu käyttäjän syötteessä olevista virheistä. Virheiden käsittelyn tulee toimia siten, että missä tahansa syötteessa annettu virheellinen syöte aiheuttaa virheilmoituksen <em>virheellinen syöte</em>, ja johtaa siihen, että komentoa pyydetään uudelleen:</p><sample-output><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki xxx</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>1000000</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>XXXX</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkoodari: <strong>tuntematonkoodari</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"d9bb47f3-47c2-5e56-9845-628d9977c542\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-11/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Lisää esimerkkejä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-11/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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Virheiden käsittelyn tulee toimia siten, että missä tahansa syötteessa annettu virheellinen syöte aiheuttaa virheilmoituksen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"virheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ja johtaa siihen, että komentoa pyydetään uudelleen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tee sovellus ajanhallintaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"erkki xxx"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuvaus: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tee sovellus ajanhallintaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"erkki"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000000"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntunniste: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"XXXX"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkoodari: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tuntematonkoodari"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvirheellinen syöte"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d9bb47f3-47c2-5e56-9845-628d9977c542"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tässä osiossa</p><ul>\n<li>Käydään läpi muutamia binääripuuhun liittyviä rekursiivisia esimerkkialgoritmeja</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Rekursion todellinen hyöty tulee esiin tilanteissa, joissa iteratiivinen ratkaisu on hankala kirjoittaa. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä <em>binääripuuta</em>. Binääripuulla tarkoitetaan puurakennetta, jossa jokaisella alkiolla on korkeintaan kaksi \"lasta\". Binääripuu voisi siis näyttää esim. tältä (huomaa, että vaikka tietojenkäsittelijöitä pidetään joissain yhteyksissä luonnontieteilijöinä, käsityksemme puiden kasvusuunnasta on nurinkurinen):</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 307px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/a0b58/11_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/b1a97/11_4_1.webp 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/81c8e/11_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" alt=\"11 4 1\" title=\"11 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Binääripuiden (ja puiden yleensäkin) käsittely rekursiivisesti on ainakin teoriassa helppoa: jos halutaan tehdä jokin operaatio binääripuun kaikille alkioille - esim. etsiä jokin tietty alkio puusta, voidaan kirjoittaa rekursiivinen algoritmi, joka</p><ol>\n<li>Käsittelee nykyisen alkion</li>\n<li>Kutsuu itseään vasemmasta lapsesta alkavalle \"alipuulle\"</li>\n<li>Kutsuu itseään oikeasta lapsesta alkavalle \"alipuulle\"</li>\n</ol><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 362px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 77.82608695652173%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/a0b58/11_4_2.webp 230w,\n/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/c2de8/11_4_2.webp 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/81c8e/11_4_2.png 230w,\n/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/876ad26e1b0c7b303582f9e0f2cb0148/10600/11_4_2.png\" alt=\"11 4 2\" title=\"11 4 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kun koko rekursiivinen algoritmi on käsitelty, on vierailtu kerran puun jokaisessa solussa. Iteratiivinen versio algoritmista on yleensä hankalampi kirjoittaa, koska kirjanpito vieralluista alkioista menee äkkiä monimutkaiseksi.</p><p>Binääripuuta voidaan mallintaa helposti kirjoittamalla luokka, joka mallintaa yhtä alkiota puussa. Alkiolla on arvon lisäksi tieto vasemmasta ja oikeasta lapsestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä alkiota binääripuussa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token string\">'Alkio'</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token string\">'Alkio'</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vasen_lapsi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_lapsi</code></pre></div><p>Nyt jos halutaan mallintaa esimerkiksi oheisen kaltainen puu:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 267px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 68.26086956521739%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/a0b58/11_4_3.webp 230w,\n/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/9156e/11_4_3.webp 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/81c8e/11_4_3.png 230w,\n/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/2d27ece550ee70e685bb54be04c9ea65/19e8f/11_4_3.png\" alt=\"11 4 3\" title=\"11 4 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>...se voidaan muodostaa seuraavalla ohjelmalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    puu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><h2 id=\"rekursiiviset-binaaripuualgoritmit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rekursiiviset binääripuualgoritmit<a href=\"#rekursiiviset-binaaripuualgoritmit\" aria-label=\"rekursiiviset binaaripuualgoritmit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan ensin algoritmia, joka tulostaa kaikki binääripuun alkiot allekkain. Käytetään esimerkkinä tässä ja tulevissa tehtävissä yllä muodostettua puuta.</p><p>Funktio saa parametrikseen juurialkion (eli kaikkein ylimmäisenä olevan alkion, jonka <em>jälkeläisiä</em> kaikki muut alkiot ovat):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_alkiot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tulosta_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tulosta_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Funktio tulostaa annetun alkion arvon, ja sen jälkeen kutsuu itseään uudestaan vasemmalle ja oikealla alipuulle (edellyttäen, että vasen ja/tai oikea alkio on määritelty). Algoritmi on melko yksinkertainen, mutta käy tehokkaasti läpi kaikki puun alkiot riippumatta puun koosta. Algoritmi ei myöskään vieraile missään puun alkiossa kahta kertaa.</p><p>Kun funktiolle annetaan parametriksi aikaisemmin luodun binääripuun juurialkio <code class=\"language-text\">puu</code>, se tulostaa</p><sample-output><p>2\n3\n5\n8\n4\n11</p></sample-output><p>Vastaavalla tavalla voidaan kirjoittaa algoritmi, joka laskee kaikkien puun alkioiden summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n</code></pre></div><p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> alustetaan nykyisen alkion arvolla. Tämän jälkeen siihen lisätään rekursiivisesti vasemman ja oikean alipuun summat (tarkastaen taas ensin, että ne ovat olemassa). Lopuksi summa palautetaan.</p><programming-exercise name='Suurin alkio' tmcname='osa11-16_suurin_alkio'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_alkio(juuri: Alkio)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen binääripuun juurialkion.</p><p>Funktion palauttaa puun suurimman alkion. Puun arvot tulee käydä läpi rekursiivisesti.</p><p>Vinkki: voit hyödyntää ratkaisussasi ylempänä esitettyä <code class=\"language-text\">alkoiden_summa</code> -funktiota.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    puu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suurin_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>11</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"jarjestetty-binaaripuu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Järjestetty binääripuu<a href=\"#jarjestetty-binaaripuu\" aria-label=\"jarjestetty binaaripuu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Binääripuusta on erityisesti hyötyä silloin, kun alkiot on järjestetty tietyllä tavalla. Alkion löytäminen järjestetystä puusta on nopeaa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä puuta, jossa alkiot on järjestetty seuraavasti: jokaisen alkion vasen lapsi on pienempi kuin alkio itse, ja vastaavasti oikea alkio on suurempi kuin alkio itse.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 307px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/a0b58/11_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/b1a97/11_4_1.webp 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/81c8e/11_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/42ada93f7fad74a8205a13a46dc4de57/4651d/11_4_1.png\" alt=\"11 4 1\" title=\"11 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Nyt alkion etsimiseen voidaan kirjoittaa rekursiivinen algoritmi, joka toimii hyvin samankaltaisesti kuin aiemmin tarkastelemamme binäärihaku: jos juurialkio on tarkasteltava alkio, palautetaan arvo <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Muuten jatketaan rekursiivisesti hakua joko vasemmasta tai oikeasta alipuusta. Jos alkio on tyhjä, palautetaan <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> juuri <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> arvo <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> arvo <span class=\"token operator\">></span> juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> etsi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_lapsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Pomot ja alaiset' tmcname='osa11-17_pomot_ja_alaiset'><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tyontekija</code> mallintaa yrityksen työntekijää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tyontekija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alaiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alainen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Tyontekija'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">laske_alaiset(tyontekija: Tyontekija)</code>, joka laskee rekursiivisesti annetun työntekijän alaisten määrän.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    t1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sasu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t6 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tyontekija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kjell\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t6<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_alainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t5<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alaiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t5<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3\n0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota\" style=\"position:relative;\">Paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota<a href=\"#paluu-aikaan-ennen-rekursiota\" aria-label=\"paluu aikaan ennen rekursiota permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tässä tehtäväsarjassa ei rekursiota tarvitse eikä edes kannata käyttää. Listakoosteita sen sijaan pääsee hyödyntämään!</p><programming-exercise name='Tilauskirja' tmcname='osa11-18_tilauskirja'><p>Teemme tässä tehtävässä kaksi luokkaa, joitka toimivat rakennuspalikoina seuraavassa tehtävässä aiheena olevassa sovelluksessa.</p><h2 id=\"tehtava\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tehtava<a href=\"#tehtava\" aria-label=\"tehtava permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code>, joka mallintaa ohjelmistoyritykselle annettavia työtehtäviä. Tehtävillä on</p><ul>\n<li>kuvaus</li>\n<li>arvio sen viemästä työmäärästä</li>\n<li>tieto koodarista, joka toteuttaa tehtävän</li>\n<li>tieto siitä, onko tehtävä valmis vai ei</li>\n<li>yksikäsitteinen tunniste eli id</li>\n</ul><p>Luokka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">t1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa hello world\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tyomaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_valmis<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_valmis<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1 koodaa hello world Erkki 3\n1: koodaa hello world (3 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS\nFalse\n1: koodaa hello world (3 tuntia), koodari Erkki VALMIS\nTrue\n2: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS\n3: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS</p></sample-output><p>Täsmennyksiä:</p><ul>\n<li>tehtävän tilan (valmis vai ei vielä valmis) voi tarkistaa metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">on_valmis(self)</code> joka palauttaa totuusarvon</li>\n<li>tehtävä ei ole siinä vaiheessa valmis kun se luodaan</li>\n<li>tehtävä merkataan valmiiksi kutsumalla metodia <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa_valmiiksi(self)</code></li>\n<li>tehtävien id on juokseva numero, joka alkaa arvosta 1 (ensimmäisenä luotava tehtävä saa id:n 1, seuraava id:n 2 jne.)</li>\n</ul><p><strong>Vihje</strong>: id kannattaa toteuttaa <a href=\"/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet#luokkamuuttujat\">luokkamuuttujana</a>.</p><h2 id=\"tilauskirja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirja<a href=\"#tilauskirja\" aria-label=\"tilauskirja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään nyt luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code>, joka kokoaa kaikki ohjelmistoyritykseltä tilatut työtehtävät, joita siis mallinnetaan luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code> olioilla.</p><p>Tilauskirjan perusversiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tilaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS\n2: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki EI VALMIS\n3: tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun (100 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS</p><p>Antti\nErkki</p></sample-output><p>Tässä vaiheessa <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> tarjoaa kolme metodia:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tilaus(self, kuvaus, koodari, tyomaara)</code> lisää uuden tilauksen tilauskirjaan. Tilauskirja tallettaa tilaukset sisäisesti <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtava</code>-olioina. Huomaa, että metodilla täytyy olla juuri nämä parametrit, muuten testit eivät hyväksy metodia!</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_tilaukset(self)</code> palauttaa listana kaikki tilauskirjalla olevat tehtävät</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">koodarit(self)</code> palauttaa listana kaikki koodarit, joille on tehtävä tilauskirjassa, metodin palauttama lista ei saa sisältää yhtä koodia useampaan kertaan</li>\n</ul><p><strong>Vihje</strong> Listalta on helppo poistaa duplikaatit siten että muutetaan ensin lista <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/stdtypes.html#set\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">set</a>-tyyppiseksi. Set siis tarkoittaa joukkoa, ja joukossa kutakin alkiota voi olla vain yksi kappale. Tämän jälkeen <code class=\"language-text\">set</code> voidaan muuttaa takaisin listaksi, ja duplikaatit ovat kadonneet:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">set</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 1, 3, 6, 4, 1, 3]\n[1, 3, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"tilauskirjan-viimeistely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirjan viimeistely<a href=\"#tilauskirjan-viimeistely\" aria-label=\"tilauskirjan viimeistely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> vielä kolme uutta metodia.</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">merkkaa_valmiiksi(self, id: int)</code> saa parametriksi tehtävän id:n ja merkkaa kyseisen tehtävän valmiiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tilaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kaikki_tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1: koodaa webbikauppa (10 tuntia), koodari Antti VALMIS\n2: tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon (25 tuntia), koodari Erkki VALMIS\n3: tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun (100 tuntia), koodari Antti EI VALMIS</p></sample-output><p>Jos parametria vastaavaa tilausta ei löydy, tuottaa metodi poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>. Kertaa tarvittaessa <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">täältä</a>, miten poikkeus tuotetaan.</p><p>Metodit <code class=\"language-text\">valmiit_tilaukset(self)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">ei_valmiit_tilaukset(self)</code> toimivat kuten olettaa saattaa, ne palauttavat nimensä mukaisen osajoukon tilauskirjan tehtävistä listana.</p><h2 id=\"tilauskirjan-loppusilaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tilauskirjan loppusilaus<a href=\"#tilauskirjan-loppusilaus\" aria-label=\"tilauskirjan loppusilaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Tilauskirja</code> vielä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">koodarin_status(self, koodari: str)</code>, joka palauttaa <em>tuplen</em>, joka kertoo koodarin valmistuneiden ja vielä valmistumattomien töiden määrän sekä näihin kuluneiden työtuntien summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tilauskirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodaa webbikauppa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee mobiilisovellus työaikakirjanpitoon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee ohjelma matematiikan harjoitteluun\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tilaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tee uusi facebook\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>merkkaa_valmiiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nstatus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodarin_status<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(2, 1, 35, 100)</p></sample-output><p>Tuplen ensimmäinen alkio siis kertoo valmiiden töiden määrän ja toinen valmistumattomien töiden määrän. Kolmas alkio on valmiiden töiden työaika-arvioiden summa ja neljäs alkio vielä valmistumattomien töiden työmääräarvioiden summan.</p><p>Jos parametria vastaavaa koodaria ei löydy, tuottaa metodi poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Tilauskirjasovellus' tmcname='osa11-19_tilauskirjasovellus'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään interaktiivinen sovellus softafirmalta tilattujen tehtävien hallintaan. Tyyli on täysin vapaa, mutta voit hyödyntää sovelluksessa edellisen tehtävän aikana koodattuja rakennuspalikoita. Myös <a href=\"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja\">edellisen osan viimeisen luvun</a> materiaalin kertaaminen saattaa olla hyödyksi.</p><h2 id=\"ei-virheiden-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ei virheiden käsittelyä<a href=\"#ei-virheiden-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"ei virheiden kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sovelluksen tulee toimia <em>täsmälleen</em> seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komennot:\n0 lopetus\n1 lisää tilaus\n2 listaa valmiit\n3 listaa ei valmiit\n4 merkitse tehtävä valmiiksi\n5 koodarit\n6 koodarin status</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>koodaa uusi facebook</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>joona 1000</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki 25</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>niina 12</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>koodaa uusi twitter</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>joona 55</strong>\nlisätty!</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nei valmiita</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian  harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>2</strong>\nmerkitty valmiiksi</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>4</strong>\nmerkitty valmiiksi</p><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\n2: tee sovellus ajanhallintaan (25 tuntia), koodari erkki VALMIS\n4: koodaa uusi twitter (55 tuntia), koodari joona VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\n1: koodaa uusi facebook (1000 tuntia), koodari joona EI VALMIS\n3: ohjelma musiikin teorian harjoitteluun (12 tuntia), koodari niina EI VALMIS</p><p>komento: <strong>5</strong>\njoona\nerkki\nniina</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkoodari: <strong>joona</strong>\ntyöt: valmiina 2 ei valmiina 1, tunteja: tehty 55 tekemättä 1000</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäiseen tehtäväpisteeseen riittää, että sovellus toimii jos kaikki syötteet ovat virheettömiä.</p><h2 id=\"virheiden-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Virheiden käsittely<a href=\"#virheiden-kasittely\" aria-label=\"virheiden kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toiseen tehtäväpisteeseen edellytetään, että sovellus toipuu käyttäjän syötteessä olevista virheistä. Virheiden käsittelyn tulee toimia siten, että missä tahansa syötteessa annettu virheellinen syöte aiheuttaa virheilmoituksen <em>virheellinen syöte</em>, ja johtaa siihen, että komentoa pyydetään uudelleen:</p><sample-output><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki xxx</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nkuvaus: <strong>tee sovellus ajanhallintaan</strong>\nkoodari ja työmääräarvio: <strong>erkki</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>1000000</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\ntunniste: <strong>XXXX</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkoodari: <strong>tuntematonkoodari</strong>\nvirheellinen syöte</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz 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Funktio palauttaa listassa parametrina annetuista tuotteista ne, jotka toteuttavat kriteerin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sopiva kriteeri voisi olla esimerkiksi seuraavanlainen"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hinta_alle_4_euroa"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"return"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio siis palauttaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jos tuotteen hinta on alle 4 euroa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"haku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" hae"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" hinta_alle_4_euroa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"('omena', 3.95, 3)\n('kaali', 0.99, 1)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kriteerifunktion voi myös määritellä lambda-funktiona. Seuraava käyttää funktiota "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"haku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" etsimään tuotteet, joita on vähintään 11 kappaletta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" hae"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lambda"}]},{"type":"text","value":" t"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":" t"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"('banaani', 5.95, 12)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95, 22)"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat järjestää listoja eri kriteerien mukaan</li>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan lambda-lausekkeella</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää lambda-lauseketta myös muiden Pythonin funktioiden kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat välittää funktion parametrina funktiolle</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme jo aikaisemmin käyttäneet metodia <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> ja funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> järjestämään listoja luonnolliseen järjestykseen. Metodit toimivat sellaisenaan hyvin luvuista ja merkkijonoista koostuvien listojen kanssa, mutta jos lista sisältää monimutkaisempia alkioita, Python ei välttämättä järjestä listaa niin kuin ohjelmoija toivoisi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi lista tupleja järjestetään oletuksena jokaisen tuplen ensimmäisen alkion perusteella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('banaani', 5.95)\n('omena', 3.95)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)</p></sample-output><p>Mitä jos haluaisimme järjestää tuotelistan hinnan perusteella?</p><h2 id=\"funktiot-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktiot parametrina<a href=\"#funktiot-parametrina\" aria-label=\"funktiot parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Järjestysmetodille tai -funktiolle voidaan antaa toisena parametrina järjestyksen määräävä avain. Avaimeksi annetaan funktio, joka kertoo, miten yksittäisen alkion arvo määritetään. Python kutsuu tätä funktiota järjestämisen aikana alkioiden vertailemiseen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen toinen alkio eli hinta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Hyödynnetään funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\n    tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Nyt ohjelma järjestää listan hinnan mukaiseen järjestykseen. Mutta mitä ohjelmassa oikeastaan tapahtuu?</p><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">hintajarjestys</code> määrittely on melko yksinkertainen: se saa parametrikseen yhden alkion ja palauttaa alkiolle arvon - tässä tapauksessa tuplen toisen alkion (joka esimerkissämme esittää tuotteen hintaa). Tarkastellaan kuitenkin lähemmin järjestysmetodia kutsuvaa riviä:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">tuotteet.sort(key=hintajarjestys)</code></p><p>Rivillä annetaan metodille <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> parametriksi funktio. Ei siis funktion paluuarvoa, vaan <em>viittaus funktioon</em>. Järjestysmetodi kutsuu tätä funktiota jokaiselle alkiolle.</p><p>Kutsut nähdään selkeästi lisäämällä vertailufunktioomme ylimääräinen tulostuslause:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan alkio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kutsuttiin hintajarjestys(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen toinen alkio eli hinta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\ntuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Hyödynnetään funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('banaani', 5.95))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('omena', 3.95))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('appelsiini', 4.5))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('vesimeloni', 4.95))\n('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Järjestys saadaan käännettyä <em>päinvastaiseksi</em> hyödyntämällä sekä metodista <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> että funktiosta <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> löytyvää toista parametria <code class=\"language-text\">reverse</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reverse<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reverse<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"funktion-sisalla-maaritelty-funktio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion sisällä määritelty funktio<a href=\"#funktion-sisalla-maaritelty-funktio\" aria-label=\"funktion sisalla maaritelty funktio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluaisimme siirtää edellisessä esimerkissä tehdyn järjestämisen omaan funktioonsa <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</code>, voisimme toteuttaa sen seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään täällä funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos järjestämisen käyttämää apufunktiota <code class=\"language-text\">hintajarjestys</code> ei käytetä missään muussa kohtaa ohjelmaa kuin funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</code>, sen määrittely voitaisiin siirtää funktion sisälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään apufunktio tällä kertaa funktion sisällä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Järjestys varastosaldon mukaan' tmcname='osa12-01_varastosaldo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_varastosaldon_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan tupleja, joissa kolmantena alkiona on tuotteiden varastosaldo. Funktio järjestää parametrinaan saamat tuotteet varastosaldojen  mukaiseen kasvavaan järjestykseen.  Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_varastosaldon_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nappelsiini 2 kpl\nomena 3 kpl\nbanaani 12 kpl\nvesimeloni 22 kpl\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Järjestys tuotantokausien mukaan' tmcname='osa12-02_tuotantokaudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_tuotantokausien_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan sanakirjoja, jotka edustavat yksittäisiä TV-sarjoja, ja järjestää ne tuotantokausien lukumäärän mukaiseen kasvavaan järjestykseen. Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Simpsons\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_tuotantokausien_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'nimi'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">  </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'kausia'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> tuotantokautta\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nDexter 9 tuotantokautta\nFriends 10 tuotantokautta\nSimpsons 32 tuotantokautta\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Järjestys pisteiden mukaan' tmcname='osa12-03_pisteiden_mukaan'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_pisteiden_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan sanakirjoja, jotka edustavat yksittäisiä TV-sarjoja, ja järjestää ne <em>pisteiden mukaiseen laskevaan järjestykseen</em>.  Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Simpsons\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IMDB:n mukainen pistemäärä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_pisteiden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'nimi'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">  </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'pisteet'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nIMDB:n mukainen pistemäärä\nFriends 8.9\nSimpsons 8.7\nDexter 8.6\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omien-olioiden-alkioiden-jarjestaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omien olioiden alkioiden järjestäminen<a href=\"#omien-olioiden-alkioiden-jarjestaminen\" aria-label=\"omien olioiden alkioiden jarjestaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoitetaan samaa periaatetta hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka järjestää listan omasta <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokasta luotuja olioita kahden eri kriteerin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">), </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> op.\"</span></span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tunnuksen_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisteiden_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapeli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">220</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    o2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"m321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    o3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">131</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>o1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> o2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> o3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tunnuksen mukaan:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>tunnuksen_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pisteiden mukaan:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>pisteiden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Aapeli (a123), 220 op.\nAnna (a999), 131 op.\nMaija (m321), 210 op.</p><p>Pisteiden mukaan:\nAnna (a999), 131 op.\nMaija (m321), 210 op.\nAapeli (a123), 220 op.</p></sample-output><p>Järjestäminen toimii niinkuin pitää. Jos olioille arvon antavia funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">tunnuksen_mukaan</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pisteiden_mukaan</code> ei tarvita muuten, voimme kuitenkin vielä yksinkertaistaa ohjelmaa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kiipeilyreitti' tmcname='osa12-04_kiipeilyreitti'><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee valmis luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilyreitti</code>, jota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">reitti1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nreitti2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nreitti3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>grade<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A\nSyncro 14 8C+</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"pituuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pituuden mukainen järjestys<a href=\"#pituuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" aria-label=\"pituuden mukainen jarjestys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituuden_mukaan(reitit: list)</code> joka palauttaa kiipeilyreitit pituuden mukaan käänteisessä järjestyksessä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">r1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nreitit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> reitti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pituuden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nSyncro, pituus 14 metriä, grade 8C+\nPieniä askelia, pituus 12 metriä, grade 6A+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vaikeuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaikeuden mukainen järjestys<a href=\"#vaikeuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" aria-label=\"vaikeuden mukainen jarjestys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaikeuden_mukaan(reitit: list)</code> joka palauttaa kiipeilyreitit vaikeuden (eli graden) mukaan laskevassa järjestyksessä. Jos reittien vaikeus on sama, ratkaisee pituus vaikeuden. Pidempi on vaikeampi. Kiipeilyreittien vaikeusasteikko on <em>4, 4+, 5, 5+, 6A, 6A+, ...</em> eli käytännössä se seuraa aakkosjärjestystä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">r1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nreitit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> reitti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vaikeuden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syncro, pituus 14 metriä, grade 8C+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A\nKantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nPieniä askelia, pituus 12 metriä, grade 6A+</p></sample-output><p><em>Vihje</em> jos järjestysperusteena on lista tai tuple, järjestetään ensisijaiseti ensimmäisen alkion mukaan, toissijaisesti toisen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"b\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"b\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[('a', 2), ('a', 4), ('b', 0), ('b', 30)]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kiipeilykalliot' tmcname='osa12-05_kiipeilykalliot/'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilyreitti</code> lisäksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilykallio</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olhava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suuri leikkaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">36</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsalaisten reitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"5+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nk2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nummi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nk3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nalkkilan släbi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Possu ei pidä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6B+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hedelmätarha\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reitteja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaikein_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B\nNalkkilan slabi 4\nSmooth operator, pituus 9 metriä, grade 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"reittien-maaran-mukaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Reittien määrän mukaan<a href=\"#reittien-maaran-mukaan\" aria-label=\"reittien maaran mukaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reittien_maaran_mukaan</code>, joka järjestää kiipeilykalliot reittien määrän mukaiseen kasvavaan suuruusjärjestykseen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># k1, k2 ja k3 määritelty kuten edellä</span>\nkalliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kallio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> reittien_maaran_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kalliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nummi, 1 reittiä, vaikein 8C+\nOlhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B\nNalkkilan slabi, 4 reittiä, vaikein 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vaikeimman-reitin-mukaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaikeimman reitin mukaan<a href=\"#vaikeimman-reitin-mukaan\" aria-label=\"vaikeimman reitin mukaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaikeimman_reitin_mukaan</code>, joka järjestää kiipeilykalliot kalliolta löytyvän vaikeimman reitin mukaiseen <em>laskevaan</em> suuruusjärjestykseen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># k1, k2 ja k3 määritelty kuten edellä</span>\nkalliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kallio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vaikeimman_reitin_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kalliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nummi, 1 reittiä, vaikein 8C+\nNalkkilan slabi, 4 reittiä, vaikein 7A\nOlhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lambda-lauseke\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lambda-lauseke<a href=\"#lambda-lauseke\" aria-label=\"lambda lauseke permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lambda-lausekkeen avulla voidaan luoda anonyymi funktio eli funktio, joka muodostetaan sillä hetkellä, kun sitä tarvitaan. Lausekkeen yleinen syntaksi on seuraava:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">lambda &lt;parametrit> : &lt;lauseke></code></p><p>Esimerkiksi tuplelistan järjestys onnistuisi näin käyttämällä lambda-lauseketta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Funktio luodaan \"lennosta\" lambda-lausekkeella:</span>\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Lauseke</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">lambda alkio: alkio[1]</code></p><p>vastaa funktiomäärittelyä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>paitsi että lambda-lauseketta käytettäessä funktiolle ei anneta nimeä. Tämän takia muodostettavaa funktiota kutsutaan anonyymiksi funktioksi.</p><p>Muuten lambdan avulla muodostettava funktio on kuin mikä tahansa muukin funktio. Esimerkiksi seuraava esimerkki järjestää merkkijonot niiden viimeisten merkkien mukaiseen aakkosjärjestykseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Makke\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Markku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Maija\nMakke\nMikki\nMikko\nMarkku</p></sample-output><p>Mennään vielä pidemmälle: yhdistämällä listakooste ja <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodi lambda-lausekkeeseen voidaan esimerkiksi järjestää merkkijonot niistä löytyvien vokaalien mukaiseen järjestykseen välittämättä muista merkeistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Makke\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Markku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>m <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> m <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> m <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Makke\nMaija\nMarkku\nMikki\nMikko</p></sample-output><p>Anonyymejä funktioita voi hyödyntää Pythonissa monien muidenkin valmiiden funktioiden yhteydessä. Esimerkiksi funktioille <code class=\"language-text\">min</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">max</code> voidaan määritellä samalla tavalla parametri <code class=\"language-text\">key</code>, jonka perusteella minimi- tai maksimiarvo valitaan.</p><p>Esimerkissä poimitaan levyistä aluksi vanhin ja sitten pisin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Levy</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\"Luokka mallintaa yhtä äänilevyä\"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> esittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>esittaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> esittaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kesto\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>esittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">), </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">. </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> min.\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    l1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nevermind\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nirvana\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1991</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    l2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Let It Be\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Beatles\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1969</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    l3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joshua Tree\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"U2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1986</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    levyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>l1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> l2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> l3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhin levy:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>levyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pisin levy: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>levyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhin levy:\nLet It Be (Beatles), 1969. 35 min.\nPisin levy:\nU2 (Joshua Tree), 1986. 50 min.</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Palloilijat' tmcname='osa12-06_palloilijat'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Palloilija</code>, jolla on seuraavat julkiset piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>pelinumero</li>\n<li>tehtyjen maalien määrä <code class=\"language-text\">maalit</code></li>\n<li>annettujen syöttöjen määrä <code class=\"language-text\">syotot</code></li>\n<li>peliminuuttien määrä <code class=\"language-text\">minuutit</code></li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita seuraavien tehtävänantojen mukaiset funktiot. Huomaa, että jokaisessa funktiossa palautetaan erityyppiset tiedot.</p><h2 id=\"eniten-maaleja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten maaleja<a href=\"#eniten-maaleja\" aria-label=\"eniten maaleja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_maaleja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa merkkijonona sen pelaajan nimen, joka on tehnyt eniten maaleja.</p><h2 id=\"eniten-pisteita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten pisteitä<a href=\"#eniten-pisteita\" aria-label=\"eniten pisteita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_pisteita</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa tuplena sen pelaajan nimen ja pelinumeron, joka on tehnyt yhteensä eniten pisteitä. Pisteisiin lasketaan siis sekä maalit että syötöt.</p><h2 id=\"vahiten-peliminuutteja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vähiten peliminuutteja<a href=\"#vahiten-peliminuutteja\" aria-label=\"vahiten peliminuutteja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vahiten_minuutteja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa sen <code class=\"language-text\">Palloilija</code>-olion, jolla on vähiten peliminuutteja kaikista pelaajista.</p><h2 id=\"testiohjelma\" style=\"position:relative;\">Testiohjelma<a href=\"#testiohjelma\" aria-label=\"testiohjelma permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voit testata koodisi toimintaa seuraavalla ohjelmalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pelaaja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kelju Kojootti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">46</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maantiekiitäjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Uka Naakka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelle Peloton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hessu Hopo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    joukkue <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>pelaaja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_maaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_pisteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vahiten_minuutteja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen tulisi olla:</p><sample-output><p>Kelju Kojootti\n('Uka Naakka', 9)\nPalloilija(nimi=Hessu Hopo, pelinumero=4, maalit=3, syotot=9, minuutit=12)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktiot-parametreina-omissa-funktioissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktiot parametreina omissa funktioissa<a href=\"#funktiot-parametreina-omissa-funktioissa\" aria-label=\"funktiot parametreina omissa funktioissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on siis mahdollista välittää viittaus johonkin funktioon toiselle funktiolle. Tarkastellaan vielä esimerkkinä omaa funktiota, joka saa parametrikseen toisen funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tyyppivihje callable viittaa funktioon</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita_operaatio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">callable</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan välitettyä funktiota</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> b\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>15\n50\n5</p></sample-output><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">suorita_operaatio</code> lopputulos siis riippuu siitä, mikä funktio sille on välitetty parametrina. Funktioksi kelpaa mikä tahansa funktio (niin <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-lauseella määritelty kuin anonyymikin) jolla on kaksi parametria.</p><p>Vaikkei funktioiden välittäminen parametrina olekaan kaikkein yleisimmin tarvittava operaatio, on se joka tapauksessa hyödyllinen mekanismi. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma kirjoittaa tiedostosta 1 halutut rivit tiedostoon 2. Rivien valintakriteeri annetaan funktiona, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos rivi tulee kirjoittaa toiseen tiedostoon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kopioi_rivit</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lahde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kriteeri<span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lahde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> lahde<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lahde<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poistetaan ensin tyhjät merkit alusta ja lopusta</span>\n            rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kriteeri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkkejä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kolmatta parametria ei ole määritelty, kopioidaan kaikki</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki ei-tyhjät rivit</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki rivit, joilla on sana \"Python\"</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki rivit, jotka eivät pääty pisteeseen</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktiossa parametrille <code class=\"language-text\">kriteeri</code> on määritelty oletusarvoksi lambda-lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">lambda x: True</code>, jonka tuottama anonyymi funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> kaikille syötteille. Niinpä oletuksena kopioidaan kaikki rivit tiedostosta toiseen. Jos käyttäjä antaa kolmannelle parametrille arvon, tämä korvaa oletusarvon.</p><programming-exercise name='Tuotteiden haku' tmcname='osa12-07_tuotteiden_haku'><p>Tässä tehtävässä käsitellään tupleina esitettäviä tuotteita, jotka on esimerkeissä alustettu muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">tuotteet</code> seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kaali\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Jokaisessa tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio siis edustaa nimeä, seuraava hintaa ja kolmas määrää.</p><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae(tuotteet: list, kriteeri: callable)</code>, missä toisena parametrina on funktio, joka saa parametriksi yhden tuotetta edustavan tuplen ja palauttaa totuusarvon. Funktio palauttaa listassa parametrina annetuista tuotteista ne, jotka toteuttavat kriteerin.</p><p>Sopiva kriteeri voisi olla esimerkiksi seuraavanlainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta_alle_4_euroa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis palauttaa <em>True</em> jos tuotteen hinta on alle 4 euroa.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">haku</code> toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hae<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta_alle_4_euroa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95, 3)\n('kaali', 0.99, 1)</p></sample-output><p>Kriteerifunktion voi myös määritellä lambda-funktiona. Seuraava käyttää funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">haku</code> etsimään tuotteet, joita on vähintään 11 kappaletta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hae<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('banaani', 5.95, 12)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95, 22)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina","title":"Funktio parametrina"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Funktio palauttaa listassa parametrina annetuista tuotteista ne, jotka toteuttavat kriteerin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sopiva kriteeri voisi olla esimerkiksi seuraavanlainen"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hinta_alle_4_euroa"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"return"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio siis palauttaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jos tuotteen hinta on alle 4 euroa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"haku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" hae"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" hinta_alle_4_euroa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"('omena', 3.95, 3)\n('kaali', 0.99, 1)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kriteerifunktion voi myös määritellä lambda-funktiona. Seuraava käyttää funktiota "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"haku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" etsimään tuotteet, joita on vähintään 11 kappaletta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tuote "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" hae"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteet"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lambda"}]},{"type":"text","value":" t"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":" t"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuote"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"('banaani', 5.95, 12)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95, 22)"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat järjestää listoja eri kriteerien mukaan</li>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan lambda-lausekkeella</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää lambda-lauseketta myös muiden Pythonin funktioiden kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat välittää funktion parametrina funktiolle</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme jo aikaisemmin käyttäneet metodia <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> ja funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> järjestämään listoja luonnolliseen järjestykseen. Metodit toimivat sellaisenaan hyvin luvuista ja merkkijonoista koostuvien listojen kanssa, mutta jos lista sisältää monimutkaisempia alkioita, Python ei välttämättä järjestä listaa niin kuin ohjelmoija toivoisi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi lista tupleja järjestetään oletuksena jokaisen tuplen ensimmäisen alkion perusteella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('banaani', 5.95)\n('omena', 3.95)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)</p></sample-output><p>Mitä jos haluaisimme järjestää tuotelistan hinnan perusteella?</p><h2 id=\"funktiot-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktiot parametrina<a href=\"#funktiot-parametrina\" aria-label=\"funktiot parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Järjestysmetodille tai -funktiolle voidaan antaa toisena parametrina järjestyksen määräävä avain. Avaimeksi annetaan funktio, joka kertoo, miten yksittäisen alkion arvo määritetään. Python kutsuu tätä funktiota järjestämisen aikana alkioiden vertailemiseen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen toinen alkio eli hinta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Hyödynnetään funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\n    tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Nyt ohjelma järjestää listan hinnan mukaiseen järjestykseen. Mutta mitä ohjelmassa oikeastaan tapahtuu?</p><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">hintajarjestys</code> määrittely on melko yksinkertainen: se saa parametrikseen yhden alkion ja palauttaa alkiolle arvon - tässä tapauksessa tuplen toisen alkion (joka esimerkissämme esittää tuotteen hintaa). Tarkastellaan kuitenkin lähemmin järjestysmetodia kutsuvaa riviä:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">tuotteet.sort(key=hintajarjestys)</code></p><p>Rivillä annetaan metodille <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> parametriksi funktio. Ei siis funktion paluuarvoa, vaan <em>viittaus funktioon</em>. Järjestysmetodi kutsuu tätä funktiota jokaiselle alkiolle.</p><p>Kutsut nähdään selkeästi lisäämällä vertailufunktioomme ylimääräinen tulostuslause:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan alkio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kutsuttiin hintajarjestys(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen toinen alkio eli hinta</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\ntuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Hyödynnetään funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('banaani', 5.95))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('omena', 3.95))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('appelsiini', 4.5))\nKutsuttiin hintajarjestys(('vesimeloni', 4.95))\n('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Järjestys saadaan käännettyä <em>päinvastaiseksi</em> hyödyntämällä sekä metodista <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> että funktiosta <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> löytyvää toista parametria <code class=\"language-text\">reverse</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reverse<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reverse<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"funktion-sisalla-maaritelty-funktio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion sisällä määritelty funktio<a href=\"#funktion-sisalla-maaritelty-funktio\" aria-label=\"funktion sisalla maaritelty funktio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluaisimme siirtää edellisessä esimerkissä tehdyn järjestämisen omaan funktioonsa <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</code>, voisimme toteuttaa sen seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään täällä funktiota hintajarjestys</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos järjestämisen käyttämää apufunktiota <code class=\"language-text\">hintajarjestys</code> ei käytetä missään muussa kohtaa ohjelmaa kuin funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</code>, sen määrittely voitaisiin siirtää funktion sisälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jarjesta_hinnan_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään apufunktio tällä kertaa funktion sisällä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hintajarjestys</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>hintajarjestys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Järjestys varastosaldon mukaan' tmcname='osa12-01_varastosaldo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_varastosaldon_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan tupleja, joissa kolmantena alkiona on tuotteiden varastosaldo. Funktio järjestää parametrinaan saamat tuotteet varastosaldojen  mukaiseen kasvavaan järjestykseen.  Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_varastosaldon_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nappelsiini 2 kpl\nomena 3 kpl\nbanaani 12 kpl\nvesimeloni 22 kpl\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Järjestys tuotantokausien mukaan' tmcname='osa12-02_tuotantokaudet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_tuotantokausien_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan sanakirjoja, jotka edustavat yksittäisiä TV-sarjoja, ja järjestää ne tuotantokausien lukumäärän mukaiseen kasvavaan järjestykseen. Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Simpsons\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_tuotantokausien_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'nimi'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">  </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'kausia'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> tuotantokautta\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nDexter 9 tuotantokautta\nFriends 10 tuotantokautta\nSimpsons 32 tuotantokautta\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Järjestys pisteiden mukaan' tmcname='osa12-03_pisteiden_mukaan'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jarjesta_pisteiden_mukaan(alkiot: list)</code>. Funktio saa parametrina listan sanakirjoja, jotka edustavat yksittäisiä TV-sarjoja, ja järjestää ne <em>pisteiden mukaiseen laskevaan järjestykseen</em>.  Funktio ei muuta parametrina olevaa listaa, vaan palauttaa uuden listan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Simpsons\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pisteet\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8.7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kausia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IMDB:n mukainen pistemäärä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jarjesta_pisteiden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'nimi'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">  </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'pisteet'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\nIMDB:n mukainen pistemäärä\nFriends 8.9\nSimpsons 8.7\nDexter 8.6\n</sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omien-olioiden-alkioiden-jarjestaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omien olioiden alkioiden järjestäminen<a href=\"#omien-olioiden-alkioiden-jarjestaminen\" aria-label=\"omien olioiden alkioiden jarjestaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoitetaan samaa periaatetta hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka järjestää listan omasta <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokasta luotuja olioita kahden eri kriteerin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">), </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> op.\"</span></span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tunnuksen_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tunnus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisteiden_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    o1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapeli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">220</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    o2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"m321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    o3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">131</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>o1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> o2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> o3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tunnuksen mukaan:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>tunnuksen_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pisteiden mukaan:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>pisteiden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Aapeli (a123), 220 op.\nAnna (a999), 131 op.\nMaija (m321), 210 op.</p><p>Pisteiden mukaan:\nAnna (a999), 131 op.\nMaija (m321), 210 op.\nAapeli (a123), 220 op.</p></sample-output><p>Järjestäminen toimii niinkuin pitää. Jos olioille arvon antavia funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">tunnuksen_mukaan</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pisteiden_mukaan</code> ei tarvita muuten, voimme kuitenkin vielä yksinkertaistaa ohjelmaa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kiipeilyreitti' tmcname='osa12-04_kiipeilyreitti'><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee valmis luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilyreitti</code>, jota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">reitti1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nreitti2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nreitti3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> reitti3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>grade<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A\nSyncro 14 8C+</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"pituuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pituuden mukainen järjestys<a href=\"#pituuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" aria-label=\"pituuden mukainen jarjestys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituuden_mukaan(reitit: list)</code> joka palauttaa kiipeilyreitit pituuden mukaan käänteisessä järjestyksessä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">r1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nreitit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> reitti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pituuden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nSyncro, pituus 14 metriä, grade 8C+\nPieniä askelia, pituus 12 metriä, grade 6A+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vaikeuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaikeuden mukainen järjestys<a href=\"#vaikeuden-mukainen-jarjestys\" aria-label=\"vaikeuden mukainen jarjestys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaikeuden_mukaan(reitit: list)</code> joka palauttaa kiipeilyreitit vaikeuden (eli graden) mukaan laskevassa järjestyksessä. Jos reittien vaikeus on sama, ratkaisee pituus vaikeuden. Pidempi on vaikeampi. Kiipeilyreittien vaikeusasteikko on <em>4, 4+, 5, 5+, 6A, 6A+, ...</em> eli käytännössä se seuraa aakkosjärjestystä.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">r1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nr4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nreitit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>r1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> r4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> reitti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vaikeuden_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syncro, pituus 14 metriä, grade 8C+\nSmooth operator, pituus 11 metriä, grade 7A\nKantti, pituus 38 metriä, grade 6A+\nPieniä askelia, pituus 12 metriä, grade 6A+</p></sample-output><p><em>Vihje</em> jos järjestysperusteena on lista tai tuple, järjestetään ensisijaiseti ensimmäisen alkion mukaan, toissijaisesti toisen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"b\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"b\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[('a', 2), ('a', 4), ('b', 0), ('b', 30)]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kiipeilykalliot' tmcname='osa12-05_kiipeilykalliot/'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilyreitti</code> lisäksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kiipeilykallio</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olhava\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kantti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suuri leikkaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">36</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsalaisten reitti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"5+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nk2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nummi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syncro\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"8C+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nk3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kiipeilykallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nalkkilan släbi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pieniä askelia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Smooth operator\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"7A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Possu ei pidä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6B+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kiipeilyreitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hedelmätarha\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"6A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reitteja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaikein_reitti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B\nNalkkilan slabi 4\nSmooth operator, pituus 9 metriä, grade 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"reittien-maaran-mukaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Reittien määrän mukaan<a href=\"#reittien-maaran-mukaan\" aria-label=\"reittien maaran mukaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reittien_maaran_mukaan</code>, joka järjestää kiipeilykalliot reittien määrän mukaiseen kasvavaan suuruusjärjestykseen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># k1, k2 ja k3 määritelty kuten edellä</span>\nkalliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kallio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> reittien_maaran_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kalliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nummi, 1 reittiä, vaikein 8C+\nOlhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B\nNalkkilan slabi, 4 reittiä, vaikein 7A</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vaikeimman-reitin-mukaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaikeimman reitin mukaan<a href=\"#vaikeimman-reitin-mukaan\" aria-label=\"vaikeimman reitin mukaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaikeimman_reitin_mukaan</code>, joka järjestää kiipeilykalliot kalliolta löytyvän vaikeimman reitin mukaiseen <em>laskevaan</em> suuruusjärjestykseen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># k1, k2 ja k3 määritelty kuten edellä</span>\nkalliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kallio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> vaikeimman_reitin_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kalliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nummi, 1 reittiä, vaikein 8C+\nNalkkilan slabi, 4 reittiä, vaikein 7A\nOlhava, 3 reittiä, vaikein 6B</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lambda-lauseke\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lambda-lauseke<a href=\"#lambda-lauseke\" aria-label=\"lambda lauseke permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lambda-lausekkeen avulla voidaan luoda anonyymi funktio eli funktio, joka muodostetaan sillä hetkellä, kun sitä tarvitaan. Lausekkeen yleinen syntaksi on seuraava:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">lambda &lt;parametrit> : &lt;lauseke></code></p><p>Esimerkiksi tuplelistan järjestys onnistuisi näin käyttämällä lambda-lauseketta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Funktio luodaan \"lennosta\" lambda-lausekkeella:</span>\ntuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95)\n('appelsiini', 4.5)\n('vesimeloni', 4.95)\n('banaani', 5.95)</p></sample-output><p>Lauseke</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">lambda alkio: alkio[1]</code></p><p>vastaa funktiomäärittelyä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>paitsi että lambda-lauseketta käytettäessä funktiolle ei anneta nimeä. Tämän takia muodostettavaa funktiota kutsutaan anonyymiksi funktioksi.</p><p>Muuten lambdan avulla muodostettava funktio on kuin mikä tahansa muukin funktio. Esimerkiksi seuraava esimerkki järjestää merkkijonot niiden viimeisten merkkien mukaiseen aakkosjärjestykseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Makke\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Markku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Maija\nMakke\nMikki\nMikko\nMarkku</p></sample-output><p>Mennään vielä pidemmälle: yhdistämällä listakooste ja <code class=\"language-text\">join</code>-metodi lambda-lausekkeeseen voidaan esimerkiksi järjestää merkkijonot niistä löytyvien vokaalien mukaiseen järjestykseen välittämättä muista merkeistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Makke\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Markku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>m <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> m <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jono <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> m <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"aeiouyäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Makke\nMaija\nMarkku\nMikki\nMikko</p></sample-output><p>Anonyymejä funktioita voi hyödyntää Pythonissa monien muidenkin valmiiden funktioiden yhteydessä. Esimerkiksi funktioille <code class=\"language-text\">min</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">max</code> voidaan määritellä samalla tavalla parametri <code class=\"language-text\">key</code>, jonka perusteella minimi- tai maksimiarvo valitaan.</p><p>Esimerkissä poimitaan levyistä aluksi vanhin ja sitten pisin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Levy</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\"Luokka mallintaa yhtä äänilevyä\"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> esittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>esittaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> esittaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kesto\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>esittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">), </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">. </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> min.\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    l1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nevermind\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nirvana\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1991</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    l2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Let It Be\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Beatles\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1969</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    l3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joshua Tree\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"U2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1986</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    levyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>l1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> l2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> l3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhin levy:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>levyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pisin levy: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>levyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> key<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kesto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhin levy:\nLet It Be (Beatles), 1969. 35 min.\nPisin levy:\nU2 (Joshua Tree), 1986. 50 min.</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Palloilijat' tmcname='osa12-06_palloilijat'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Palloilija</code>, jolla on seuraavat julkiset piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>pelinumero</li>\n<li>tehtyjen maalien määrä <code class=\"language-text\">maalit</code></li>\n<li>annettujen syöttöjen määrä <code class=\"language-text\">syotot</code></li>\n<li>peliminuuttien määrä <code class=\"language-text\">minuutit</code></li>\n</ul><p>Kirjoita seuraavien tehtävänantojen mukaiset funktiot. Huomaa, että jokaisessa funktiossa palautetaan erityyppiset tiedot.</p><h2 id=\"eniten-maaleja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten maaleja<a href=\"#eniten-maaleja\" aria-label=\"eniten maaleja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_maaleja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa merkkijonona sen pelaajan nimen, joka on tehnyt eniten maaleja.</p><h2 id=\"eniten-pisteita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eniten pisteitä<a href=\"#eniten-pisteita\" aria-label=\"eniten pisteita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_pisteita</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa tuplena sen pelaajan nimen ja pelinumeron, joka on tehnyt yhteensä eniten pisteitä. Pisteisiin lasketaan siis sekä maalit että syötöt.</p><h2 id=\"vahiten-peliminuutteja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vähiten peliminuutteja<a href=\"#vahiten-peliminuutteja\" aria-label=\"vahiten peliminuutteja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vahiten_minuutteja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan palloilijoita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa sen <code class=\"language-text\">Palloilija</code>-olion, jolla on vähiten peliminuutteja kaikista pelaajista.</p><h2 id=\"testiohjelma\" style=\"position:relative;\">Testiohjelma<a href=\"#testiohjelma\" aria-label=\"testiohjelma permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voit testata koodisi toimintaa seuraavalla ohjelmalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pelaaja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kelju Kojootti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">46</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maantiekiitäjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Uka Naakka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelle Peloton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pelaaja5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Palloilija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hessu Hopo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    joukkue <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>pelaaja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_maaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_pisteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vahiten_minuutteja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen tulisi olla:</p><sample-output><p>Kelju Kojootti\n('Uka Naakka', 9)\nPalloilija(nimi=Hessu Hopo, pelinumero=4, maalit=3, syotot=9, minuutit=12)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktiot-parametreina-omissa-funktioissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktiot parametreina omissa funktioissa<a href=\"#funktiot-parametreina-omissa-funktioissa\" aria-label=\"funktiot parametreina omissa funktioissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on siis mahdollista välittää viittaus johonkin funktioon toiselle funktiolle. Tarkastellaan vielä esimerkkinä omaa funktiota, joka saa parametrikseen toisen funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tyyppivihje callable viittaa funktioon</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">suorita_operaatio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">callable</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan välitettyä funktiota</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> b\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorita_operaatio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>15\n50\n5</p></sample-output><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">suorita_operaatio</code> lopputulos siis riippuu siitä, mikä funktio sille on välitetty parametrina. Funktioksi kelpaa mikä tahansa funktio (niin <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-lauseella määritelty kuin anonyymikin) jolla on kaksi parametria.</p><p>Vaikkei funktioiden välittäminen parametrina olekaan kaikkein yleisimmin tarvittava operaatio, on se joka tapauksessa hyödyllinen mekanismi. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma kirjoittaa tiedostosta 1 halutut rivit tiedostoon 2. Rivien valintakriteeri annetaan funktiona, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos rivi tulee kirjoittaa toiseen tiedostoon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kopioi_rivit</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lahde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kriteeri<span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lahde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> lahde<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lahde<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poistetaan ensin tyhjät merkit alusta ja lopusta</span>\n            rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kriteeri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkkejä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kolmatta parametria ei ole määritelty, kopioidaan kaikki</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki ei-tyhjät rivit</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki rivit, joilla on sana \"Python\"</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kopioidaan kaikki rivit, jotka eivät pääty pisteeseen</span>\n    kopioi_rivit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktiossa parametrille <code class=\"language-text\">kriteeri</code> on määritelty oletusarvoksi lambda-lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">lambda x: True</code>, jonka tuottama anonyymi funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> kaikille syötteille. Niinpä oletuksena kopioidaan kaikki rivit tiedostosta toiseen. Jos käyttäjä antaa kolmannelle parametrille arvon, tämä korvaa oletusarvon.</p><programming-exercise name='Tuotteiden haku' tmcname='osa12-07_tuotteiden_haku'><p>Tässä tehtävässä käsitellään tupleina esitettäviä tuotteita, jotka on esimerkeissä alustettu muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">tuotteet</code> seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"appelsiini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vesimeloni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4.95</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kaali\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Jokaisessa tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio siis edustaa nimeä, seuraava hintaa ja kolmas määrää.</p><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae(tuotteet: list, kriteeri: callable)</code>, missä toisena parametrina on funktio, joka saa parametriksi yhden tuotetta edustavan tuplen ja palauttaa totuusarvon. Funktio palauttaa listassa parametrina annetuista tuotteista ne, jotka toteuttavat kriteerin.</p><p>Sopiva kriteeri voisi olla esimerkiksi seuraavanlainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hinta_alle_4_euroa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis palauttaa <em>True</em> jos tuotteen hinta on alle 4 euroa.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">haku</code> toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hae<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hinta_alle_4_euroa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('omena', 3.95, 3)\n('kaali', 0.99, 1)</p></sample-output><p>Kriteerifunktion voi myös määritellä lambda-funktiona. Seuraava käyttää funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">haku</code> etsimään tuotteet, joita on vähintään 11 kappaletta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tuote <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hae<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>('banaani', 5.95, 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Esimerkissä tulostetaan generaattorin 10 ensimmäistä alkiota:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"alijonot "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"i 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"range"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# tulostetaan ensimmäiset 10 alijonoa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" i "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"range"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"next"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"alijonot"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"abc\nbcd\ncde\ndef\nefg\nfgh\nghi\nhij\nijk\njkl"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Satunnaiset sanat","tmcname":"osa12-10_satunnaiset_sanat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanageneraattori(kirjaimet: str, pituus: int, maara: int)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka muodostaa ja palauttaa annettujen parametrien avulla satunnaisia sanoja tuottavan generaattorin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Satunnainen sana muodostetaan valitsemalla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pituus"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kappaletta kirjaimia valikoimasta "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kirjaimet"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Sama kirjain saa esiintyä sanassa monta kertaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Generaattori palauttaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"maara"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kappaletta sanoja ennen kuin se pysähtyy."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanagen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanageneraattori"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"abcdefg\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanagen"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dbf\nbaf\nead\nfga\nccc"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom! Voit ratkaista tehtävän itse valitsemallasi tavalla (eli käyttäen joko generaattorikoostetta tai \"perinteistä\" generaattoria)."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan generaattorilla Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä avainsana yield tekee</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse generaattorifunktioita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Eräissä tilanteissa olisi kätevää saada ohjelmassa seuraava alkio (tai useampi alkio) tietystä sarjasta ilman että muodostetaan koko sarjaa kerralla. Pythonissa tämä onnistuu näppärästi <em>generaattoreiden</em> avulla. Generaattorifunktio muistuttaa normaalia arvon palauttavaa funktiota, mutta kun normaalifunktio palauttaa (tai ainakin sen pitäisi palauttaa) samalla syötteellä saman arvon, generaattorifunktio palauttaa seuraavan luvun sarjasta.</p><p>Generaattorien toiminta voidaan toteuttaa ohjelmissa myös muilla keinoilla (itse asiassa sama pätee useimpiin ohjelmointitekniikoihin), mutta niiden käyttö selkeyttää ja mahdollisesti säästää muistia tai muita resursseja tietyntyylisissä ohjelmissa.</p><h2 id=\"avainsana-yield\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avainsana yield<a href=\"#avainsana-yield\" aria-label=\"avainsana yield permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Generaattorifunktion toiminta perustuu avainsanaan <code class=\"language-text\">yield</code>. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiota, joka palauttaa yksi kerrallaan kokonaislukuja nollasta alkaen kunnes maksimiarvo on saavutettu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maksimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> maksimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">yield</span> luku\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt laskurilta voi pyytää seuraavan arvon funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">next()</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eka arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toka arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eka arvo:\n0\nToka arvo:\n1</p></sample-output><p>Niinkuin esimerkistä huomataan, <code class=\"language-text\">yield</code> muistuttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komentoa siinä, että se palauttaa arvon funktiosta. Eroavaisuus on kuitenkin siinä, että yield palauttaa yksittäisen arvon, ja funktio \"muistaa\" mihin tilaan se jäi.</p><p>Arvoja voi pyytää vain niin kauan kun niitä on generaattorissa jäljellä - tämän jälkeen generaattorifunktio antaa poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">StopIteration</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>0\n1\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"generaattoriesimerkki.py\", line 11, in <module>\nprint(next(luvut))\nStopIteration</div></sample-output><p>Poikkeuksen voi ottaa kiinni <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-<code class=\"language-text\">except</code> lohkolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> StopIteration<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut loppuivat kesken\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\nLuvut loppuivat kesken</p></sample-output><p>Jos halutaan palauttaa kaikki generaattorin tuottamat alkiot, helpointa on iteroida ne läpi <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Parilliset luvut' tmcname='osa12-08_parilliset'><p>Kirjoita generaattorifunktio <code class=\"language-text\">parilliset(alku: int, maksimi: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen alkuarvon ja maksimin. Funktio tuottaa alkuarvosta lähtien parillisia lukuja. Kun saavutetaan maksimi, generaattori pysähtyy.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkiä funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n4\n6\n8\n10</p></sample-output><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>12\n14\n16\n18\n20</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Alkuluvut' tmcname='osa12-09_alkuluvut'><p>Alkuluvuksi sanotaan kokonaislukua, joka on vähintään 2 ja jaollinen ainoastaan 1:llä ja itsellään. Ensimmäiset alkuluvut ovat 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ja 13.</p><p>Kirjota generaattorifunktio <code class=\"language-text\">alkuluvut()</code>, joka luo uuden generaattorin. Generaattori palauttaa yksi kerrallaan alkulukuja järjestyksessä 2:sta alkaen. Huomaa, että generaattori ei pysähdy koskaan, vaan palauttaa lisää lukuja niin kauan kuin niitä pyydetään.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkuluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3\n5\n7\n11\n13\n17\n19</p></sample-output><p>Vinkki: Voit tarkastaa, onko luku <em>x</em> alkuluku, silmukalla, joka käy läpi luvut 2:sta lukuun <em>x</em>–1 asti. Jos jokin näistä luvuista jakaa <em>x</em>:n, niin se ei ole alkuluku.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"generaattorikoosteet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Generaattorikoosteet<a href=\"#generaattorikoosteet\" aria-label=\"generaattorikoosteet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Generaattorin voi luoda myös listakoostetta (list comprehension) muistuttavalla syntaksilla. Erotuksena listakoosteeseen on, että lauseke ympäröidään kaarisulkeilla hakasulkeiden sijasta.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Generaattori palauttaa 2:n potensseja</span>\nneliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">64</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>neliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>neliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;generator object &#x3C;genexpr> at 0x000002B4224EBFC0>\n1\n4\n9\n16\n25</p></sample-output><p>Toinen esimerkki, jossa generaattori tuottaa kolmimerkkisiä alijonoja englanninkielisistä aakkosista. Esimerkissä tulostetaan generaattorin 10 ensimmäistä alkiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan ensimmäiset 10 alijonoa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alijonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>abc\nbcd\ncde\ndef\nefg\nfgh\nghi\nhij\nijk\njkl</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Satunnaiset sanat' tmcname='osa12-10_satunnaiset_sanat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sanageneraattori(kirjaimet: str, pituus: int, maara: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa annettujen parametrien avulla satunnaisia sanoja tuottavan generaattorin.</p><p>Satunnainen sana muodostetaan valitsemalla <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code> kappaletta kirjaimia valikoimasta <code class=\"language-text\">kirjaimet</code>. Sama kirjain saa esiintyä sanassa monta kertaa.</p><p>Generaattori palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">maara</code> kappaletta sanoja ennen kuin se pysähtyy.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanagen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanageneraattori<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefg\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanagen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>dbf\nbaf\nead\nfga\nccc</p></sample-output><p>Huom! Voit ratkaista tehtävän itse valitsemallasi tavalla (eli käyttäen joko generaattorikoostetta tai \"perinteistä\" generaattoria).</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/2-generaattorit","title":"Generaattorit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-12/2-generaattorit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Voit ratkaista tehtävän itse valitsemallasi tavalla (eli käyttäen joko generaattorikoostetta tai \"perinteistä\" generaattoria)."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan generaattorilla Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä avainsana yield tekee</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa itse generaattorifunktioita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Eräissä tilanteissa olisi kätevää saada ohjelmassa seuraava alkio (tai useampi alkio) tietystä sarjasta ilman että muodostetaan koko sarjaa kerralla. Pythonissa tämä onnistuu näppärästi <em>generaattoreiden</em> avulla. Generaattorifunktio muistuttaa normaalia arvon palauttavaa funktiota, mutta kun normaalifunktio palauttaa (tai ainakin sen pitäisi palauttaa) samalla syötteellä saman arvon, generaattorifunktio palauttaa seuraavan luvun sarjasta.</p><p>Generaattorien toiminta voidaan toteuttaa ohjelmissa myös muilla keinoilla (itse asiassa sama pätee useimpiin ohjelmointitekniikoihin), mutta niiden käyttö selkeyttää ja mahdollisesti säästää muistia tai muita resursseja tietyntyylisissä ohjelmissa.</p><h2 id=\"avainsana-yield\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avainsana yield<a href=\"#avainsana-yield\" aria-label=\"avainsana yield permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Generaattorifunktion toiminta perustuu avainsanaan <code class=\"language-text\">yield</code>. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiota, joka palauttaa yksi kerrallaan kokonaislukuja nollasta alkaen kunnes maksimiarvo on saavutettu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maksimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> maksimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">yield</span> luku\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Nyt laskurilta voi pyytää seuraavan arvon funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">next()</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eka arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toka arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eka arvo:\n0\nToka arvo:\n1</p></sample-output><p>Niinkuin esimerkistä huomataan, <code class=\"language-text\">yield</code> muistuttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komentoa siinä, että se palauttaa arvon funktiosta. Eroavaisuus on kuitenkin siinä, että yield palauttaa yksittäisen arvon, ja funktio \"muistaa\" mihin tilaan se jäi.</p><p>Arvoja voi pyytää vain niin kauan kun niitä on generaattorissa jäljellä - tämän jälkeen generaattorifunktio antaa poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">StopIteration</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>0\n1\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"generaattoriesimerkki.py\", line 11, in <module>\nprint(next(luvut))\nStopIteration</div></sample-output><p>Poikkeuksen voi ottaa kiinni <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-<code class=\"language-text\">except</code> lohkolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> StopIteration<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut loppuivat kesken\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\nLuvut loppuivat kesken</p></sample-output><p>Jos halutaan palauttaa kaikki generaattorin tuottamat alkiot, helpointa on iteroida ne läpi <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Parilliset luvut' tmcname='osa12-08_parilliset'><p>Kirjoita generaattorifunktio <code class=\"language-text\">parilliset(alku: int, maksimi: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen alkuarvon ja maksimin. Funktio tuottaa alkuarvosta lähtien parillisia lukuja. Kun saavutetaan maksimi, generaattori pysähtyy.</p><p>Kaksi esimerkkiä funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n4\n6\n8\n10</p></sample-output><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>12\n14\n16\n18\n20</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Alkuluvut' tmcname='osa12-09_alkuluvut'><p>Alkuluvuksi sanotaan kokonaislukua, joka on vähintään 2 ja jaollinen ainoastaan 1:llä ja itsellään. Ensimmäiset alkuluvut ovat 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ja 13.</p><p>Kirjota generaattorifunktio <code class=\"language-text\">alkuluvut()</code>, joka luo uuden generaattorin. Generaattori palauttaa yksi kerrallaan alkulukuja järjestyksessä 2:sta alkaen. Huomaa, että generaattori ei pysähdy koskaan, vaan palauttaa lisää lukuja niin kauan kuin niitä pyydetään.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkuluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3\n5\n7\n11\n13\n17\n19</p></sample-output><p>Vinkki: Voit tarkastaa, onko luku <em>x</em> alkuluku, silmukalla, joka käy läpi luvut 2:sta lukuun <em>x</em>–1 asti. Jos jokin näistä luvuista jakaa <em>x</em>:n, niin se ei ole alkuluku.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"generaattorikoosteet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Generaattorikoosteet<a href=\"#generaattorikoosteet\" aria-label=\"generaattorikoosteet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Generaattorin voi luoda myös listakoostetta (list comprehension) muistuttavalla syntaksilla. Erotuksena listakoosteeseen on, että lauseke ympäröidään kaarisulkeilla hakasulkeiden sijasta.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Generaattori palauttaa 2:n potensseja</span>\nneliot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">64</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>neliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>neliot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;generator object &#x3C;genexpr> at 0x000002B4224EBFC0>\n1\n4\n9\n16\n25</p></sample-output><p>Toinen esimerkki, jossa generaattori tuottaa kolmimerkkisiä alijonoja englanninkielisistä aakkosista. Esimerkissä tulostetaan generaattorin 10 ensimmäistä alkiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alijonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan ensimmäiset 10 alijonoa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">next</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alijonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>abc\nbcd\ncde\ndef\nefg\nfgh\nghi\nhij\nijk\njkl</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Satunnaiset sanat' tmcname='osa12-10_satunnaiset_sanat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sanageneraattori(kirjaimet: str, pituus: int, maara: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa annettujen parametrien avulla satunnaisia sanoja tuottavan generaattorin.</p><p>Satunnainen sana muodostetaan valitsemalla <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code> kappaletta kirjaimia valikoimasta <code class=\"language-text\">kirjaimet</code>. Sama kirjain saa esiintyä sanassa monta kertaa.</p><p>Generaattori palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">maara</code> kappaletta sanoja ennen kuin se pysähtyy.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanagen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanageneraattori<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefg\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanagen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>dbf\nbaf\nead\nfga\nccc</p></sample-output><p>Huom! Voit ratkaista tehtävän itse valitsemallasi tavalla (eli käyttäen joko generaattorikoostetta tai \"perinteistä\" generaattoria).</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/2-generaattorit","title":"Generaattorit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-12/2-generaattorit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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jossa vältetään tilan muutoksia mahdollisimman pitkälle. Muuttujien sijasta ohjelman suoritus perustuu funktionaalisessa ohjelmoinnissa mahdollisimman pitkälti funktioiden keskinäisiin kutsuihin.</p><p>Aikaisemmin esitetyt lambda-lausekkeet ja listakoosteet ovat esimerkkejä funktionaalisesta ohjelmointityylistä, koska niitä käyttämällä voidaan välttää ohjelman tilan muutokset - esimerkiksi lambda-lausekkeella voimme luoda funktion ilman että viittausta siihen tallennetaan mihinkään.</p><p>Funktionaalinen ohjelmointi on esimerkki ohjelmointiparadigmasta eli ohjelmointityylistä. Muita tyypillisiä ja kurssilla jo aiemmin käsiteltyjä paradigmoja ovat esimerkiksi</p><ul>\n<li>imperatiivinen paradigma, joka perustuu peräkkäisiin komentoihin ja niiden suorittamiseen järjestyksessä</li>\n<li>proseduraalinen paradigma, jossa ohjelma jaetaan pienempiin aliohjelmiin. Imperatiivinen ja proseduraalinen paradigma tarkoittavat joidenkin määrittelyjen mukaan samaa asiaa.</li>\n<li>olio-ohjelmointi, jossa ohjelma ja sen tila mallinnetaan luokista muodostettujen olioiden avulla.</li>\n</ul><p>Pythonin monipuolisuus tulee hyvin esille siinä, että voimme hyödyntää siinä useita eri paradigmoja - jopa samoissa ohjelmissa. Näin voimme hyödyntää tehokkainta ja selkeintä tapaa ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä muutamaa funktionaalisen ohjelmoinnin työkalua Pythonissa.</p><h2 id=\"map\" style=\"position:relative;\">map<a href=\"#map\" aria-label=\"map permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> suorittaa annetun operaation kaikille annetun iteroitavan sarjan alkioille. Niinpä <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> muistuttaa koostetta monessa mielessä, syntaksi tosin näyttää erilaiselta.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiokutsua, joka muuttaa merkkijonot kokonaisluvuiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonolista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"23\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"98\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-110\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mjonolista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;map object at 0x0000021A4BFA9A90>\n123\n-10\n23\n98\n0\n-110</p></sample-output><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> yleinen syntaksi on siis</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">map(&lt;funktio, jota alkioille kutsutaan>, &lt;sarja, jonka alkioille funktiota kutsutaan>)</code></p><p>Funktio palauttaa map-tyyppisen objektin, jonka voi joko iteroida läpi for-lauseella tai esimerkiksi muuttaa listaksi <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>-funktiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvalmiit_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Eka', 'Toka', 'Kolmas', 'Neljäs']</p></sample-output><p>Kuten esimerkistä huomataan, map-funktiossa voi tietysti käyttää lambda-lausekkeella luodun funktion lisäksi myös <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-avainsanalla aiemmin määriteltyä nimettyä funktiota.</p><p>Edellinen esimerkki voitaisiin toteuttaa myös vaikkapa listakoosteen avulla, esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\nvalmiit_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>...tai esimerkiksi iteroimalla lista läpi for-lauseella ja tallentamalla käsitellyt alkiot uuteen listaan <code class=\"language-text\">append</code>-metodilla. Onkin tyypillistä, että saman asian voi toteuttaa usealla eri tavalla. Eri vaihtoehtojen tunteminen auttaa valitsemaan niistä ohjelmaan (ja omaan makuun) parhaiten sopivan.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion palauttama lopputulos ei ole lista, vaan <em>iteraattori</em>-olio ja vaikka se käyttäytyykin listan tapaan monissa tilanteissa, niin näin ei ole aina.</p><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># talletetaan map-funktion tulos</span>\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uusiksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Eka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs\nsama uusiksi:</p></sample-output><p>Eli kun <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion tuloksena olevat nimet yritetään tulostaa toiseen kertaan, ei tulostu mitään. Syynä tälle on se, läpikäynti <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella käy iteraattorin oliot jo läpi, ja kun samaa yritetään toistamiseen, ei ole enää mitään läpikäytävää!</p><p>Jos ohjelma haluaa tarkastella <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion tulosta useampaan kertaan, tulee tulos esimerkiksi muuttaa listaksi antamalla se parametriksi <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>-konstruktorille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">testilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># muutetaan map-funktion palauttama iteraattori listaksi</span>\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uusiksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs\nsama uusiksi:\nEka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"map-ja-oliot\" style=\"position:relative;\">map ja oliot<a href=\"#map-ja-oliot\" aria-label=\"map ja oliot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> voidaan toki käsitellä myös omien luokkien olioita. Asiaan ei liity mitään tavanomaisesta poikkeavaa. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahasumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahasumma <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rahasumma\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\nt1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Köyhä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"223344\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija Miljonääri \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nasiakkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> asiakkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsaldot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> saldo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> saldot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Reijo Rahakas\nKeijo Köyhä\nMaija Miljonääri\n5000\n1\n1000000</p></sample-output><p>Koodissa selvitetään ensin funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> avulla tilien omistajat. Huomaa miten lambda-funktiolla haetaan attribuuttina oleva nimi pankkitiliolioista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asiakkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen haetaan samalla tyylillä jokaisen pankkitilin saldo. Lambda-funktio on nyt hieman erilainen, sillä saldo saadaan selville kutsumalla pankkitiliolion metodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">saldot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Suoritukset' tmcname='osa12-11_suoritukset'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana kurssisuoritusta kuvaava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code>, joka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijan_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet\n5\nPekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 5</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"suorittajat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suorittajat<a href=\"#suorittajat\" aria-label=\"suorittajat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suorittajien_nimet(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorittajien nimet.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suorittajien_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\nOlivia Ohjelmoija\nPekka Python</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"kurssit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kurssit<a href=\"#kurssit\" aria-label=\"kurssit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kurssien_nimet(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolla on suorituksessa olevien kurssien nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä. Kukin kurssi esiintyy listalla vain kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssien_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet</p></sample-output><p>Hyödynnä funktion toteutuksessa <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktiota. Se ei tosin yksistään riitä, joten tarvitset muutakin...</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"filter\" style=\"position:relative;\">filter<a href=\"#filter\" aria-label=\"filter permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> muistuttaa funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>, mutta nimensä mukaisesti se ei poimi kaikkia alkioita lähteestä, vaan ainoastaan ne, joille annettu funktio palauttaa arvon True.</p><p>Tarkastellaan taas ensin esimerkkiä funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n6\n4\n10\n14</p></sample-output><p>Sama esimerkki voitaisiin kirjoittaa ilman lambda-lauseketta määrittelemällä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-avainsanalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">onko_parillinen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_parillinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toiminnallisuuden kannalta ohjelmat ovat täysin yhtäläiset. Onkin mielipidekysymys kumpaa pitää selkeämpänä.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä suodattamisesta. Ohjelmassa poimitaan kalalistasta ainoastaan ne kalat, jotka ovat vähintään 1000 gramman painoisia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kala</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa tietynpainoista kalaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laji\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> g.)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1870</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ahven\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">763</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3410</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Turska\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2449</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Särki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    ylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hauki (1870 g.)\nHauki (3410 g.)\nTurska (2449 g.)</p></sample-output><p>Taas kerran sama voitaisiin toteuttaa listakoosteena:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kala <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kalat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\" style=\"position:relative;\">filter palauttaa iteraattorin<a href=\"#filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\" aria-label=\"filter palauttaa iteraattorin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> tapaan, myös funktio <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> palauttaa listan sijaan <em>iteraattorin</em> ja on tilanteita joissa on syytä olla varuillaan sillä iteraattorin voi käydä läpi vain kerran. Eli seuraava yritys tulostaa suuret kalat kahteen kertaan ei onnistu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1870</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ahven\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">763</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3410</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Turska\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2449</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Särki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuu</p><sample-output><p>Hauki (1870 g.)\nHauki (3410 g.)\nTurska (2449 g.)\nsama uudelleen</p></sample-output><p>Jos funktion <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> tulosta on tarve käsitellä useaan kertaan, tulee se muuttaa esimerkiksi listaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># muutetaan tulos listaksi kutsumalla list-konstruktorioa</span>\nylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Rajatut suoritukset' tmcname='osa12-12_rajatut_suoritukset'><p>Tässä tehtävässä jatketaan luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code> käyttämistä</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksytyt-suoritukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksytyt suoritukset<a href=\"#hyvaksytyt-suoritukset\" aria-label=\"hyvaksytyt suoritukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksytyt(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorituksista ne, joiden arvosana on vähintään 1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hyvaksytyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 3\nOlivia Ohjelmoija arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 5</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"arvosanan-suoritukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvosanan suoritukset<a href=\"#arvosanan-suoritukset\" aria-label=\"arvosanan suoritukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suoritus_arvosanalla(suoritukset: list, arvosana: int)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita sekä kokonaisluvun. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorituksista ne, joiden arvosana on sama kuin toisen parametrin arvo.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Johdatus yliopistomatematiikkaan\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritus_arvosanalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 3\nPekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Tietoliikenteen perusteet 3\nOlivia Ohjelmoija, arvosana kurssilta Johdatus yliopistomatematiikkaan 3</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"kurssin-suorittajat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kurssin suorittajat<a href=\"#kurssin-suorittajat\" aria-label=\"kurssin suorittajat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kurssin_suorittajat(suoritukset: list, kurssi: str)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita sekä kurssin nimen. Funktio palauttaa <em>aakkosjärjestyksessä</em> niiden opiskelijoiden nimet, jotka ovat suorittaneet parametrina olevan kurssin arvosanalla joka on suurempi kuin nolla.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Niilo Nörtti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssin_suorittajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Niilo Nörtti\nOlivia Ohjelmoija</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"reduce\" style=\"position:relative;\">reduce<a href=\"#reduce\" aria-label=\"reduce permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viimeinen tarkastelemamme funktio on <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>. Kuten funktion nimi vihjaa, sen tarkoituksena on vähentää sarjan alkioiden määrä. Itse asiassa alkioiden sijasta <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> palauttaa yksittäisen arvon.</p><p>Reduce toimii sitten, että se pitää mukanaan koko ajan <em>arvoa</em>, jota se muuttaa yksi kerrallaan käydessään läpi listan alkioita.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki, joka summaa <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion avulla listan luvut yhteen. Huomaa, että Pythonin versiosta 3 alkaen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> pitää erikseen ottaa käyttöön moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">functools</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>11</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä hieman tarkemmin. Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> saa kolme parametria. Parametreista toisena on läpikäytävä lista, ja kolmantena on laskennan alkuarvo. Koska laskemme listan alkioiden summaa, on sopiva alkuarvo nolla.</p><p>Ensimmäisenä parametrina on funktio, joka suorittaa toimenpiteen yksi kerrallaan kullekin listan alkiolle. Tällä kertaa funktio on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio</code></pre></div><p>Funktiolla on kaksi parametria. Näistä ensimmäinen on laskennan sen hetkinen tulos ja toinen parametri on käsittelyvuorossa oleva listan alkio. Funktio laskee uuden arvon parametriensa perusteella. Tässä tapauksessa uusi arvio on vanha summa <em>plus</em> kyseisen alkion arvo.</p><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> toiminta hahmottuu kenties selkeämmin, jos käytetään lambdan sijaan normaalia funktiota apuna ja tehdään funktiosta aputulostuksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># reducen apufunktio joka huolehtii yhden alkion arvon lisäämisestä summaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"summa nyt </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, vuorossa alkio </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token comment\"># uusi summa on vanha summa + alkion arvo</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>summa nyt 0, vuorossa alkio 2\nsumma nyt 2, vuorossa alkio 3\nsumma nyt 5, vuorossa alkio 1\nsumma nyt 6, vuorossa alkio 5\n11</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisenä siis käsitellään listan alkio, jonka arvo on 2. Tässä vaiheessa summa on 0, eli sillä on reducelle annettu alkuarvo. Funktio laskee ja palauttaa näiden summan eli 0 + 2.</p><p>Tämä arvo on parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvona kun funktiota kutsutaan seuraavalle listan alkiolle eli luvulle 3. Funktio laskee ja palauttaa 2 + 3, joka taas toimii parametrina seuraavalle funktiokutsulle.</p><p>Toinen esimerkkimme laskee kaikkien listassa olevien kokonaislukujen tulon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> tulo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>480</p></sample-output><p>Koska on kyse tulosta, ei alkuarvo voi olla nyt 0 (miten käy jos se olisi nolla?), vaan sopiva arvo sille on 1.</p><p>Aivan kuten <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>, myös <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> voi käsitellä minkä tahansa tyyppisiä olioita.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä pankin tilien yhteenlasketun saldon selvittämistä reducella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahasumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahasumma <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rahasumma\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\nt1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Köyhä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"223344\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija Miljonääri \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldojen_summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>yht_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> yht_saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsaldot_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pankissa rahaa yhteensä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldot_yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>pankissa rahaa yhteensä\n1005001</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa miten funktio <code class=\"language-text\">saldojen_summaaja</code> \"kaivaa\" saldon jokaisen tiliolion sisältä kutsumalla tilille saldon palauttavaa metodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldojen_summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>yht_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> yht_saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Alkuarvoton reduce'><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> kolmas parametri eli alkuarvo ei itse asiassa ole kaikissa tilanteissa pakollinen. Esimerkiksi summan laskeminen onnistuisi <em>ilman</em> alkuarvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos alkuarvoa ei anneta, toimii listan ensimmäinen luku alkuarvona ja \"redusointi\" aloitetaan vasta listan toisesta alkiosta.</p><p>Huomaa, että jos käsiteltävän listan alkiot ovat eri tyyppisiä kuin laskettava arvo, on <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion kolmas parametri välttämätön. Jos yrittäisimme olla tili-esimerkissä käyttämättä alkuarvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">saldot_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi seurauksena virhe</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">TypeError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> unsupported operand <span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Pankkitili'</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">'int'</span></code></pre></div><p>sillä <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion parametri <code class=\"language-text\">yht_saldo</code> saisi ensimmäisellä kerralla arvokseen listan ensimmäisen pankkitilin ja sen summaaminen pankkitilin saldoon ei olisi mahdollista.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Opintopisteet' tmcname='osa12-13_opintopisteet'><p>Tarkastellaan tässä tehtävässä hieman erilaista versiota luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code>. Tällä kertaa se kuvastaa ainoastaan yksittäisen opiskelijan kurssisuorituksia. Luokka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit (10 op) arvosana 3\nTietorakenteet ja algoritmit\n10\n3</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"opintopistemaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Opintopistemäärä<a href=\"#opintopistemaara\" aria-label=\"opintopistemaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikkien_opintopisteiden_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee suoritusten yhteenlasketun opintopistemäärän. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikkien_opintopisteiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>20</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksyttyjen-opintopistemaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksyttyjen opintopistemäärä<a href=\"#hyvaksyttyjen-opintopistemaara\" aria-label=\"hyvaksyttyjen opintopistemaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksyttyjen_opintopisteiden_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee arvosanan 1 tai parempien omaavien suoritusten yhteenlasketun opintopistemäärän. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hyvaksyttyjen_opintopisteiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>15</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksyttyjen-suoritusten-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksyttyjen suoritusten keskiarvo<a href=\"#hyvaksyttyjen-suoritusten-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"hyvaksyttyjen suoritusten keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee arvosanan 1 tai parempien omaavien suoritusten arvosanojen keskiarvon. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.0</p></sample-output><p>Hyödynnä funktion toteutuksessa <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><p><a href=\"/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia#filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\">Tämä</a> lienee syytä pitää mielessä tätä tehtävää tehdessä-</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia","title":"Funktionaalista ohjelmointia"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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jossa vältetään tilan muutoksia mahdollisimman pitkälle. Muuttujien sijasta ohjelman suoritus perustuu funktionaalisessa ohjelmoinnissa mahdollisimman pitkälti funktioiden keskinäisiin kutsuihin.</p><p>Aikaisemmin esitetyt lambda-lausekkeet ja listakoosteet ovat esimerkkejä funktionaalisesta ohjelmointityylistä, koska niitä käyttämällä voidaan välttää ohjelman tilan muutokset - esimerkiksi lambda-lausekkeella voimme luoda funktion ilman että viittausta siihen tallennetaan mihinkään.</p><p>Funktionaalinen ohjelmointi on esimerkki ohjelmointiparadigmasta eli ohjelmointityylistä. Muita tyypillisiä ja kurssilla jo aiemmin käsiteltyjä paradigmoja ovat esimerkiksi</p><ul>\n<li>imperatiivinen paradigma, joka perustuu peräkkäisiin komentoihin ja niiden suorittamiseen järjestyksessä</li>\n<li>proseduraalinen paradigma, jossa ohjelma jaetaan pienempiin aliohjelmiin. Imperatiivinen ja proseduraalinen paradigma tarkoittavat joidenkin määrittelyjen mukaan samaa asiaa.</li>\n<li>olio-ohjelmointi, jossa ohjelma ja sen tila mallinnetaan luokista muodostettujen olioiden avulla.</li>\n</ul><p>Pythonin monipuolisuus tulee hyvin esille siinä, että voimme hyödyntää siinä useita eri paradigmoja - jopa samoissa ohjelmissa. Näin voimme hyödyntää tehokkainta ja selkeintä tapaa ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä muutamaa funktionaalisen ohjelmoinnin työkalua Pythonissa.</p><h2 id=\"map\" style=\"position:relative;\">map<a href=\"#map\" aria-label=\"map permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> suorittaa annetun operaation kaikille annetun iteroitavan sarjan alkioille. Niinpä <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> muistuttaa koostetta monessa mielessä, syntaksi tosin näyttää erilaiselta.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiokutsua, joka muuttaa merkkijonot kokonaisluvuiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjonolista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"23\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"98\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-110\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> x <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mjonolista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;map object at 0x0000021A4BFA9A90>\n123\n-10\n23\n98\n0\n-110</p></sample-output><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> yleinen syntaksi on siis</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">map(&lt;funktio, jota alkioille kutsutaan>, &lt;sarja, jonka alkioille funktiota kutsutaan>)</code></p><p>Funktio palauttaa map-tyyppisen objektin, jonka voi joko iteroida läpi for-lauseella tai esimerkiksi muuttaa listaksi <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>-funktiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvalmiit_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Eka', 'Toka', 'Kolmas', 'Neljäs']</p></sample-output><p>Kuten esimerkistä huomataan, map-funktiossa voi tietysti käyttää lambda-lausekkeella luodun funktion lisäksi myös <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-avainsanalla aiemmin määriteltyä nimettyä funktiota.</p><p>Edellinen esimerkki voitaisiin toteuttaa myös vaikkapa listakoosteen avulla, esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n\nvalmiit_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>valmiit_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>...tai esimerkiksi iteroimalla lista läpi for-lauseella ja tallentamalla käsitellyt alkiot uuteen listaan <code class=\"language-text\">append</code>-metodilla. Onkin tyypillistä, että saman asian voi toteuttaa usealla eri tavalla. Eri vaihtoehtojen tunteminen auttaa valitsemaan niistä ohjelmaan (ja omaan makuun) parhaiten sopivan.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion palauttama lopputulos ei ole lista, vaan <em>iteraattori</em>-olio ja vaikka se käyttäytyykin listan tapaan monissa tilanteissa, niin näin ei ole aina.</p><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjain_isoksi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> alku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntestilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># talletetaan map-funktion tulos</span>\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uusiksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Eka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs\nsama uusiksi:</p></sample-output><p>Eli kun <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion tuloksena olevat nimet yritetään tulostaa toiseen kertaan, ei tulostu mitään. Syynä tälle on se, läpikäynti <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella käy iteraattorin oliot jo läpi, ja kun samaa yritetään toistamiseen, ei ole enää mitään läpikäytävää!</p><p>Jos ohjelma haluaa tarkastella <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktion tulosta useampaan kertaan, tulee tulos esimerkiksi muuttaa listaksi antamalla se parametriksi <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>-konstruktorille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">testilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># muutetaan map-funktion palauttama iteraattori listaksi</span>\nvalmiit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkukirjain_isoksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> testilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uusiksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> valmiit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs\nsama uusiksi:\nEka\nToka\nKolmas\nNeljäs</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"map-ja-oliot\" style=\"position:relative;\">map ja oliot<a href=\"#map-ja-oliot\" aria-label=\"map ja oliot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> voidaan toki käsitellä myös omien luokkien olioita. Asiaan ei liity mitään tavanomaisesta poikkeavaa. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahasumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahasumma <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rahasumma\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\nt1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Köyhä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"223344\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija Miljonääri \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nasiakkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> asiakkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsaldot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> saldo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> saldot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Reijo Rahakas\nKeijo Köyhä\nMaija Miljonääri\n5000\n1\n1000000</p></sample-output><p>Koodissa selvitetään ensin funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> avulla tilien omistajat. Huomaa miten lambda-funktiolla haetaan attribuuttina oleva nimi pankkitiliolioista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asiakkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen haetaan samalla tyylillä jokaisen pankkitilin saldo. Lambda-funktio on nyt hieman erilainen, sillä saldo saadaan selville kutsumalla pankkitiliolion metodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">saldot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">map</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Suoritukset' tmcname='osa12-11_suoritukset'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana kurssisuoritusta kuvaava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code>, joka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijan_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet\n5\nPekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 5</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"suorittajat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suorittajat<a href=\"#suorittajat\" aria-label=\"suorittajat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suorittajien_nimet(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorittajien nimet.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suorittajien_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\nOlivia Ohjelmoija\nPekka Python</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"kurssit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kurssit<a href=\"#kurssit\" aria-label=\"kurssit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kurssien_nimet(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolla on suorituksessa olevien kurssien nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä. Kukin kurssi esiintyy listalla vain kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssien_nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet</p></sample-output><p>Hyödynnä funktion toteutuksessa <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>-funktiota. Se ei tosin yksistään riitä, joten tarvitset muutakin...</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"filter\" style=\"position:relative;\">filter<a href=\"#filter\" aria-label=\"filter permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> muistuttaa funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>, mutta nimensä mukaisesti se ei poimi kaikkia alkioita lähteestä, vaan ainoastaan ne, joille annettu funktio palauttaa arvon True.</p><p>Tarkastellaan taas ensin esimerkkiä funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n6\n4\n10\n14</p></sample-output><p>Sama esimerkki voitaisiin kirjoittaa ilman lambda-lauseketta määrittelemällä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">def</code>-avainsanalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">onko_parillinen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nparilliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_parillinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toiminnallisuuden kannalta ohjelmat ovat täysin yhtäläiset. Onkin mielipidekysymys kumpaa pitää selkeämpänä.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä suodattamisesta. Ohjelmassa poimitaan kalalistasta ainoastaan ne kalat, jotka ovat vähintään 1000 gramman painoisia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kala</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa tietynpainoista kalaa \"\"\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laji\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paino\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__repr__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> g.)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1870</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ahven\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">763</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3410</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Turska\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2449</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Särki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    ylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hauki (1870 g.)\nHauki (3410 g.)\nTurska (2449 g.)</p></sample-output><p>Taas kerran sama voitaisiin toteuttaa listakoosteena:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kala <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kalat <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\" style=\"position:relative;\">filter palauttaa iteraattorin<a href=\"#filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\" aria-label=\"filter palauttaa iteraattorin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">map</code> tapaan, myös funktio <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> palauttaa listan sijaan <em>iteraattorin</em> ja on tilanteita joissa on syytä olla varuillaan sillä iteraattorin voi käydä läpi vain kerran. Eli seuraava yritys tulostaa suuret kalat kahteen kertaan ei onnistu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1870</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ahven\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">763</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hauki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3410</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Turska\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2449</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nk5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Särki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">210</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sama uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kala <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ylikiloiset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuu</p><sample-output><p>Hauki (1870 g.)\nHauki (3410 g.)\nTurska (2449 g.)\nsama uudelleen</p></sample-output><p>Jos funktion <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> tulosta on tarve käsitellä useaan kertaan, tulee se muuttaa esimerkiksi listaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kalat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>k1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> k5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># muutetaan tulos listaksi kutsumalla list-konstruktorioa</span>\nylikiloiset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">filter</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> kala <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kala<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kalat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Rajatut suoritukset' tmcname='osa12-12_rajatut_suoritukset'><p>Tässä tehtävässä jatketaan luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code> käyttämistä</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksytyt-suoritukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksytyt suoritukset<a href=\"#hyvaksytyt-suoritukset\" aria-label=\"hyvaksytyt suoritukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksytyt(suoritukset: list)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorituksista ne, joiden arvosana on vähintään 1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hyvaksytyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 3\nOlivia Ohjelmoija arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 5</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"arvosanan-suoritukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvosanan suoritukset<a href=\"#arvosanan-suoritukset\" aria-label=\"arvosanan suoritukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suoritus_arvosanalla(suoritukset: list, arvosana: int)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita sekä kokonaisluvun. Funktio palauttaa listan, jolta löytyy suorituksista ne, joiden arvosana on sama kuin toisen parametrin arvo.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Johdatus yliopistomatematiikkaan\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritus_arvosanalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet 3\nPekka Python, arvosana kurssilta Tietoliikenteen perusteet 3\nOlivia Ohjelmoija, arvosana kurssilta Johdatus yliopistomatematiikkaan 3</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"kurssin-suorittajat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kurssin suorittajat<a href=\"#kurssin-suorittajat\" aria-label=\"kurssin suorittajat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kurssin_suorittajat(suoritukset: list, kurssi: str)</code> joka saa parametriksi listan suoritus-olioita sekä kurssin nimen. Funktio palauttaa <em>aakkosjärjestyksessä</em> niiden opiskelijoiden nimet, jotka ovat suorittaneet parametrina olevan kurssin arvosanalla joka on suurempi kuin nolla.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olivia Ohjelmoija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Niilo Nörtti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssin_suorittajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tietoliikenteen perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Niilo Nörtti\nOlivia Ohjelmoija</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"reduce\" style=\"position:relative;\">reduce<a href=\"#reduce\" aria-label=\"reduce permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viimeinen tarkastelemamme funktio on <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>. Kuten funktion nimi vihjaa, sen tarkoituksena on vähentää sarjan alkioiden määrä. Itse asiassa alkioiden sijasta <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> palauttaa yksittäisen arvon.</p><p>Reduce toimii sitten, että se pitää mukanaan koko ajan <em>arvoa</em>, jota se muuttaa yksi kerrallaan käydessään läpi listan alkioita.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki, joka summaa <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion avulla listan luvut yhteen. Huomaa, että Pythonin versiosta 3 alkaen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> pitää erikseen ottaa käyttöön moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">functools</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>11</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä hieman tarkemmin. Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> saa kolme parametria. Parametreista toisena on läpikäytävä lista, ja kolmantena on laskennan alkuarvo. Koska laskemme listan alkioiden summaa, on sopiva alkuarvo nolla.</p><p>Ensimmäisenä parametrina on funktio, joka suorittaa toimenpiteen yksi kerrallaan kullekin listan alkiolle. Tällä kertaa funktio on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio</code></pre></div><p>Funktiolla on kaksi parametria. Näistä ensimmäinen on laskennan sen hetkinen tulos ja toinen parametri on käsittelyvuorossa oleva listan alkio. Funktio laskee uuden arvon parametriensa perusteella. Tässä tapauksessa uusi arvio on vanha summa <em>plus</em> kyseisen alkion arvo.</p><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> toiminta hahmottuu kenties selkeämmin, jos käytetään lambdan sijaan normaalia funktiota apuna ja tehdään funktiosta aputulostuksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># reducen apufunktio joka huolehtii yhden alkion arvon lisäämisestä summaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"summa nyt </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, vuorossa alkio </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token comment\"># uusi summa on vanha summa + alkion arvo</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>summa nyt 0, vuorossa alkio 2\nsumma nyt 2, vuorossa alkio 3\nsumma nyt 5, vuorossa alkio 1\nsumma nyt 6, vuorossa alkio 5\n11</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisenä siis käsitellään listan alkio, jonka arvo on 2. Tässä vaiheessa summa on 0, eli sillä on reducelle annettu alkuarvo. Funktio laskee ja palauttaa näiden summan eli 0 + 2.</p><p>Tämä arvo on parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> arvona kun funktiota kutsutaan seuraavalle listan alkiolle eli luvulle 3. Funktio laskee ja palauttaa 2 + 3, joka taas toimii parametrina seuraavalle funktiokutsulle.</p><p>Toinen esimerkkimme laskee kaikkien listassa olevien kokonaislukujen tulon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> tulo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>480</p></sample-output><p>Koska on kyse tulosta, ei alkuarvo voi olla nyt 0 (miten käy jos se olisi nolla?), vaan sopiva arvo sille on 1.</p><p>Aivan kuten <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">map</code>, myös <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> voi käsitellä minkä tahansa tyyppisiä olioita.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä pankin tilien yhteenlasketun saldon selvittämistä reducella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahasumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahasumma <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rahasumma\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\nt1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Köyhä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nt3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"223344\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maija Miljonääri \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntilit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>t1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> t3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> functools <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldojen_summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>yht_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> yht_saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsaldot_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pankissa rahaa yhteensä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldot_yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>pankissa rahaa yhteensä\n1005001</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa miten funktio <code class=\"language-text\">saldojen_summaaja</code> \"kaivaa\" saldon jokaisen tiliolion sisältä kutsumalla tilille saldon palauttavaa metodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldojen_summaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>yht_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> yht_saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Alkuarvoton reduce'><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code> kolmas parametri eli alkuarvo ei itse asiassa ole kaikissa tilanteissa pakollinen. Esimerkiksi summan laskeminen onnistuisi <em>ilman</em> alkuarvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlukujen_summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">lambda</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukujen_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos alkuarvoa ei anneta, toimii listan ensimmäinen luku alkuarvona ja \"redusointi\" aloitetaan vasta listan toisesta alkiosta.</p><p>Huomaa, että jos käsiteltävän listan alkiot ovat eri tyyppisiä kuin laskettava arvo, on <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion kolmas parametri välttämätön. Jos yrittäisimme olla tili-esimerkissä käyttämättä alkuarvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">saldot_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">reduce</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldojen_summaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi seurauksena virhe</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">TypeError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> unsupported operand <span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Pankkitili'</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">'int'</span></code></pre></div><p>sillä <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktion parametri <code class=\"language-text\">yht_saldo</code> saisi ensimmäisellä kerralla arvokseen listan ensimmäisen pankkitilin ja sen summaaminen pankkitilin saldoon ei olisi mahdollista.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Opintopisteet' tmcname='osa12-13_opintopisteet'><p>Tarkastellaan tässä tehtävässä hieman erilaista versiota luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Suoritus</code>. Tällä kertaa se kuvastaa ainoastaan yksittäisen opiskelijan kurssisuorituksia. Luokka toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suoritus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit (10 op) arvosana 3\nTietorakenteet ja algoritmit\n10\n3</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"opintopistemaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Opintopistemäärä<a href=\"#opintopistemaara\" aria-label=\"opintopistemaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikkien_opintopisteiden_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee suoritusten yhteenlasketun opintopistemäärän. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikkien_opintopisteiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>20</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksyttyjen-opintopistemaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksyttyjen opintopistemäärä<a href=\"#hyvaksyttyjen-opintopistemaara\" aria-label=\"hyvaksyttyjen opintopistemaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksyttyjen_opintopisteiden_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee arvosanan 1 tai parempien omaavien suoritusten yhteenlasketun opintopistemäärän. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hyvaksyttyjen_opintopisteiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>15</p></sample-output><p>Toteuta funktio käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><h2 id=\"hyvaksyttyjen-suoritusten-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyväksyttyjen suoritusten keskiarvo<a href=\"#hyvaksyttyjen-suoritusten-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"hyvaksyttyjen suoritusten keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan suorituksia ja laskee arvosanan 1 tai parempien omaavien suoritusten arvosanojen keskiarvon. Funktio toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokutssi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4.0</p></sample-output><p>Hyödynnä funktion toteutuksessa <code class=\"language-text\">reduce</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">filter</code>-funktiota!</p><p><a href=\"/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia#filter-palauttaa-iteraattorin\">Tämä</a> lienee syytä pitää mielessä tätä tehtävää tehdessä-</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia","title":"Funktionaalista ohjelmointia"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-12/3-funktionaalista-ohjelmointia.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tiedosto: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osa.json"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nnimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Travis Zajac"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Travis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nBUF\nCGY\nDAL\nNJD\nNYI\nOTT\nPIT\nWPG\nWSH"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nCAN\nCHE\nCZE\nSWE\nUSA"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että pelaajien tulostusasun pitää olla täsmälleen seuraavanlainen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Leon Draisaitl       EDM  43 + 67 = 110\nConnor McDavid       EDM  34 + 63 =  97\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nMike Green           EDM   3 +  8 =  11\nMarkus Granlund      EDM   3 +  1 =   4\n123456789012345678901234567890123456789\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Alimman rivin numerot on lisätty helpottamaan oikean merkkimäärän laskemista. Joukkueen nimen lyhenne siis tulostetaan alkaen rivin 22. merkistä. Plus on rivin 30. merkki ja = rivin 35. merkki. Kaikki luvut tulee tasata oikeaan reunaan omaa tulostusaluettaan. Tyhjät kohdat ovat välilyöntejä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tulostuksen muotoilu kannattaa hoitaa f-merkkijonoina samaan tapaan kuin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#programming-exercise-kurssin-tulokset-osa-3"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tässä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osan 6 tehtävässä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavat toiminnot tuovat toisen pisteen:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"joukkueen pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden (joka saadaan laskemalla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"goals"}]},{"type":"text","value":" + "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"assits"}]},{"type":"text","value":") mukaisessa järjestyksessä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tietyn maan pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden mukaisessa järjestyksessä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tiedosto: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osa.json"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\njoukkue: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"OTT"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Drake Batherson      OTT   3 +  7 =  10\nJonathan Davidsson   OTT   0 +  1 =   1\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmaa: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"CAN"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nTaylor Fedun         DAL   2 +  7 =   9\nMark Jankowski       CGY   5 +  2 =   7\nLogan Shaw           WPG   3 +  2 =   5\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kolmannen pisteen saa seuraavilla toiminnoilla:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n eniten pistettä saanutta pelaajaa\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jos kahden pelaajan pistemäärä on sama, ratkaisee maalimäärä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n eniten maaleja ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"goals"}]},{"type":"text","value":") tehnyttä pelaajaa\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jos kahden pelaajan maalimäärä on sama, järjestyksen ratkaisee se kummalla on vähemmän otteluja ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"games"}]},{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tiedosto: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"osa.json"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuinka monta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuinka monta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nJohn Klingberg       DAL   6 + 26 =  32\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nConor Sheary         BUF  10 + 13 =  23\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkuinka monta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nConor Sheary         BUF  10 + 13 =  23\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nJohn Klingberg       DAL   6 + 26 =  32\nMark Jankowski       CGY   5 +  2 =   7\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"komento: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"9d660c41-3094-5bf4-b084-30407dea276d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetan säännöllisellä lausekkeella</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää säännöllisiä lausekkeita omissa ohjelmissasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Python on mainio työkalu tekstin käsittelemiseen. Yksi työkalu tekstin käsittelemisessä ovat\n<em>säännölliset lausekkeet</em> (<em>regular expressions</em>), joiden avulla voi esimerkiksi poimia ja etsiä merkkijonoja, jotka ovat tietyn muotoisia. Tässä osiossa käydään läpi säännöllisten lausekkeiden perusteita, ja löydät lisää tietoa Pythonin omasta <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/howto/regex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tutoriaalista</a>.</p><h2 id=\"mita-ovat-saannolliset-lausekkeet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä ovat säännölliset lausekkeet?<a href=\"#mita-ovat-saannolliset-lausekkeet\" aria-label=\"mita ovat saannolliset lausekkeet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Säännölliset lausekkeet ovat tavallaan ohjelmointikieli ohjelmointikielen sisällä. Lausekkeilla on oma syntaksinsa, jonka mukaan ne määritellään. Ideana on, että säännöllisellä lausekkeella määritellään sellaisten merkkijonojen joukko, jotka ovat tiettyjen sääntöjen mukaisia.</p><p>Tarkistellaan yksinkertaista esimerkkiä lausekkeiden käytöstä ennen tarkempaa perehtymistä sääntöihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ponneton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ponttooni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pullero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pallon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># merkkijonon tulee alkaa \"P\" ja päättyä \"on\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>search<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"^P.*on$\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"löytyy!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python löytyy!\nPonneton löytyy!\nPallon löytyy!</p></sample-output><p>Pythonissa säännöllisiä lausekkeita voi käsitellä moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">re</code> avulla. Esimerkiksi yllä olevassa koodissa oleva metodi <code class=\"language-text\">search</code> etsii merkkijonosta osaa, joka täsmää annettuun säännölliseen lausekkeeseen.</p><p>Huomaa, että säännöllinen lauseke annetaan <em>merkkijonona</em> funktion <code class=\"language-text\">search</code> parametriksi.</p><p>Toinen esimerkki etsii merkkijonosta luvut. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">findall</code> palauttaa kaikki säännölliseen lausekkeeseen täsmäävät osajonot listana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Eka, 2 !#kolmas 44 viisi 678xyz962\"</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>findall<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\d+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n44\n678\n962</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"saannollisten-lausekkeiden-syntaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Säännöllisten lausekkeiden syntaksi<a href=\"#saannollisten-lausekkeiden-syntaksi\" aria-label=\"saannollisten lausekkeiden syntaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi syntaksia, jota säännöllisissä lausekkeissa käytetään. Useimmissa esimerkeissä käytetään samaa testiohjelmaa eri syötteillä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nlauseke <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lauseke: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> mjono <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>search<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauseke<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osuma!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei osumaa.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h3 id=\"vaihtoehtoiset-alijonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoiset alijonot<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoiset-alijonot\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoiset alijonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Pystyviivalla voidaan erottaa vaihtoehtoisia osajonoja. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">911|112</code> täsmää merkkijonoihin, joista löytyy joko osajono <code class=\"language-text\">911</code> tai osajono <code class=\"language-text\">112</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>aa|ee|ii</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>saapas</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>teema</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>iilimato</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>ooppera</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>uuttera</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"merkkijoukot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijoukot<a href=\"#merkkijoukot\" aria-label=\"merkkijoukot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Hakasulkeiden väliin voidaan merkitä joukko hyväksyttyjä merkkejä. Esimerkiksi merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[aeio]</code> täsmää jonoihin, joista löytyy jokin merkeistä a, e, i, tai o. Merkintätapa sallii myös väliviivan käytön. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[0-68a-d]</code> hyväksyy jonot, joista löytyy numero nollasta kuuteen, kahdeksikko tai merkki väliltä a...d. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[1-3][0-9]</code> hyväksyy kaksinumeroiset luvut väliltä 10...39.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>[C-FRSÖ]</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>C</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>E</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>G</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>R</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>Ö</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>T</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"toistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Toistaminen<a href=\"#toistaminen\" aria-label=\"toistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Lausekkeen osaa voidaan toistaa esimerkiksi seuraavien operaattorien avulla:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">*</code> toistaa osaa minkä tahansa määrän kertoja (myös nolla)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">+</code> toistaa osaa minkä tahansa määrän kertoja (ainakin yhden)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">{m}</code> toistaa osaa täsmälleen <code class=\"language-text\">m</code> kertaa</li>\n</ul><p>Operaattorit viittaavat niitä edeltävään lausekkeen osaan. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">ba+b</code> hyväksyy esimerkiksi osajonot <code class=\"language-text\">bab</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">baab</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">baaaaaaaaaaab</code>. Lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">A[BCDE]*Z</code> puolestaan hyväksyy esimerkiksi osajonot <code class=\"language-text\">AZ</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ADZ</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">ABCDEBCDEBCDEZ</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>1[234]*5</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>15</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>125</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>145</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>12342345</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>126</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>165</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"muita-erikoismerkkeja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muita erikoismerkkejä<a href=\"#muita-erikoismerkkeja\" aria-label=\"muita erikoismerkkeja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Pisteellä merkitään mitä tahansa yksittäistä merkkiä. Niinpä merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">c...o</code> vastaa esimerkiksi merkkijonoja <code class=\"language-text\">c-3po</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">combo</code>. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">^</code> voidaan määritellä, että osuman pitää löytyä merkkijonon alusta, ja vastaavasti merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">$</code>, että sen on oltava lopussa. Näillä voidaan näppärästi myös rajata sääntö koskemaan vain annettuja merkkejä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^[123]*$</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>4</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>1221</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>333333333</strong>\nOsuma!</p></sample-output><p>Kenoviivaa voidaan käyttää etsimään erikoismerkkejä. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">1+</code> tarkoittaa yhtä tai useampaa ykköstä, mutta merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">1\\+</code> merkkijonoa <code class=\"language-text\">1+</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^\\*</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>moi*</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>m*o*i</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>*moi</strong>\nOsuma!</p></sample-output><p>Kaarisulkeilla voidaan ryhmitellä lausekkeen osia. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">(ab)+c</code> hyväksyy jonot <code class=\"language-text\">abc</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ababc</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">ababababababc</code>, mutta ei esimerkiksi jonoja <code class=\"language-text\">ac</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">bc</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^(jabba).*(hut)$</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba the hut</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba a hut</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>jarmo the hut</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba the smut</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Säännölliset lausekkeet' tmcname='osa12-14_saannolliset_lausekkeet'><p>Harjoitellaan hieman säännöllisten lausekkeiden käyttöä.</p><h2 id=\"viikonpaivat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Viikonpäivät<a href=\"#viikonpaivat\" aria-label=\"viikonpaivat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla funktio <code class=\"language-text\">on_viikonpaiva(merkkijono: str)</code> joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos sen parametrina saama merkkijono sisältää viikonpäivän lyhenteen (ma, ti, ke, to, pe, la tai su).</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vokaalitarkistus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vokaalitarkistus<a href=\"#vokaalitarkistus\" aria-label=\"vokaalitarkistus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_vokaaleja(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka tarkistaa säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla, ovatko parametrina annetun merkkijonon kaikki merkit vokaaleja.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eioueioieoieouyyyy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"autoooo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kellonaika\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kellonaika<a href=\"#kellonaika\" aria-label=\"kellonaika permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kellonaika(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka tarkistaa säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla, onko parametrina oleva merkkijono muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">tt:mm:ss</code> oleva kellonaika (tunnit, minuutit ja sekunnit kaksinumeroisina).</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12:43:01\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"AB:01:CD\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"17:59:59\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"33:66:77\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"loppuhuipennus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppuhuipennus<a href=\"#loppuhuipennus\" aria-label=\"loppuhuipennus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tämä tehtävä ei sijainnistaan huolimatta liity mitenkään säännöllisiin lausekkeisiin, mutta luvun <a href=\"/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina\">Funktio parametrina</a> asia tulee olemaan tarpeen ja myös <a href=\"/osa-11/1-koosteet\">listakoosteet</a> voivat olla käyttökelpoisia.</p><p>Sovelluksen rakenteelle voi ottaa inspiraatiota osan 10 <a href=\"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja\">viimeisestä luvusta</a>.</p><programming-exercise name='Tilastot ojennukseen' tmcname='osa12-15_tilastot_ojennukseen'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään sovellus, jonka avulla on mahdollista tarkastella NHL-jääkiekkoliigan tilastoja muutamassa hieman erilaisessa muodossa.</p><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee kaksi json-muodossa olevaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">osa.json</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki.json</code>, näistä ensimmäinen on tarkoitettu lähinnä testailun avuksi. Jälkimmäinen sisältää kaikkien kaudella 2019-20 pelanneiden pelaajien statistiikat.</p><p>Yksittäisen pelaajan tiedot ovat muodossa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"json\"><pre class=\"language-json\"><code class=\"language-json\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"name\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Patrik Laine\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"nationality\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"FIN\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"assists\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"goals\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"penalties\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"team\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"WPG\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"games\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">68</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span></code></pre></div><p>ja molemmat tiedostoista sisältävät yksittäisten pelaajien tiedot taulukossa.</p><p>Jos et muista, miten json-muotoinen tiedosto saadaan luettua Python-ohjelmaan, voit kerrata tämän <a href=\"/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely#json-tiedoston-lukeminen\">osan 7 materiaalista</a>.</p><p>Tee nyt ohjelma, joka kysyy aluksi tiedoston nimeä ja tarjoaa sitten seuraavat toiminnot:</p><ul>\n<li>yksittäisen pelaajan tietojen haku nimen perusteella</li>\n<li>listaus joukkueiden nimien lyhenteistä (aakkosjärjestyksessä)</li>\n<li>listaus maiden nimien lyhenteistä (aakkosjärjestyksessä)</li>\n</ul><p>Näistä toiminnoista saa yhden pisteen. Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Travis Zajac</strong></p><pre>\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nBUF\nCGY\nDAL\nNJD\nNYI\nOTT\nPIT\nWPG\nWSH</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nCAN\nCHE\nCZE\nSWE\nUSA</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että pelaajien tulostusasun pitää olla täsmälleen seuraavanlainen:</p><sample-output><pre>\nLeon Draisaitl       EDM  43 + 67 = 110\nConnor McDavid       EDM  34 + 63 =  97\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nMike Green           EDM   3 +  8 =  11\nMarkus Granlund      EDM   3 +  1 =   4\n123456789012345678901234567890123456789\n</pre></sample-output><p>Alimman rivin numerot on lisätty helpottamaan oikean merkkimäärän laskemista. Joukkueen nimen lyhenne siis tulostetaan alkaen rivin 22. merkistä. Plus on rivin 30. merkki ja = rivin 35. merkki. Kaikki luvut tulee tasata oikeaan reunaan omaa tulostusaluettaan. Tyhjät kohdat ovat välilyöntejä.</p><p>Tulostuksen muotoilu kannattaa hoitaa f-merkkijonoina samaan tapaan kuin <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#programming-exercise-kurssin-tulokset-osa-3\">tässä</a> osan 6 tehtävässä.</p><p>Seuraavat toiminnot tuovat toisen pisteen:</p><ul>\n<li>joukkueen pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden (joka saadaan laskemalla <em>goals</em> + <em>assits</em>) mukaisessa järjestyksessä</li>\n<li>tietyn maan pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden mukaisessa järjestyksessä</li>\n</ul><p>Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\njoukkue: <strong>OTT</strong></p><pre>\nDrake Batherson      OTT   3 +  7 =  10\nJonathan Davidsson   OTT   0 +  1 =   1\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>5</strong>\nmaa: <strong>CAN</strong></p><pre>\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nTaylor Fedun         DAL   2 +  7 =   9\nMark Jankowski       CGY   5 +  2 =   7\nLogan Shaw           WPG   3 +  2 =   5\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Kolmannen pisteen saa seuraavilla toiminnoilla:</p><ul>\n<li>n eniten pistettä saanutta pelaajaa\n<ul>\n<li>jos kahden pelaajan pistemäärä on sama, ratkaisee maalimäärä</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>n eniten maaleja (<em>goals</em>) tehnyttä pelaajaa\n<ul>\n<li>jos kahden pelaajan maalimäärä on sama, järjestyksen ratkaisee se kummalla on vähemmän otteluja (<em>games</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul><p>Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkuinka monta: <strong>2</strong></p><pre>\nJakub Vrana    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name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetan säännöllisellä lausekkeella</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää säännöllisiä lausekkeita omissa ohjelmissasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Python on mainio työkalu tekstin käsittelemiseen. Yksi työkalu tekstin käsittelemisessä ovat\n<em>säännölliset lausekkeet</em> (<em>regular expressions</em>), joiden avulla voi esimerkiksi poimia ja etsiä merkkijonoja, jotka ovat tietyn muotoisia. Tässä osiossa käydään läpi säännöllisten lausekkeiden perusteita, ja löydät lisää tietoa Pythonin omasta <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/howto/regex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tutoriaalista</a>.</p><h2 id=\"mita-ovat-saannolliset-lausekkeet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä ovat säännölliset lausekkeet?<a href=\"#mita-ovat-saannolliset-lausekkeet\" aria-label=\"mita ovat saannolliset lausekkeet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Säännölliset lausekkeet ovat tavallaan ohjelmointikieli ohjelmointikielen sisällä. Lausekkeilla on oma syntaksinsa, jonka mukaan ne määritellään. Ideana on, että säännöllisellä lausekkeella määritellään sellaisten merkkijonojen joukko, jotka ovat tiettyjen sääntöjen mukaisia.</p><p>Tarkistellaan yksinkertaista esimerkkiä lausekkeiden käytöstä ennen tarkempaa perehtymistä sääntöihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ponneton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ponttooni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pullero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pallon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># merkkijonon tulee alkaa \"P\" ja päättyä \"on\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>search<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"^P.*on$\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"löytyy!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python löytyy!\nPonneton löytyy!\nPallon löytyy!</p></sample-output><p>Pythonissa säännöllisiä lausekkeita voi käsitellä moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">re</code> avulla. Esimerkiksi yllä olevassa koodissa oleva metodi <code class=\"language-text\">search</code> etsii merkkijonosta osaa, joka täsmää annettuun säännölliseen lausekkeeseen.</p><p>Huomaa, että säännöllinen lauseke annetaan <em>merkkijonona</em> funktion <code class=\"language-text\">search</code> parametriksi.</p><p>Toinen esimerkki etsii merkkijonosta luvut. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">findall</code> palauttaa kaikki säännölliseen lausekkeeseen täsmäävät osajonot listana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Eka, 2 !#kolmas 44 viisi 678xyz962\"</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>findall<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\d+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n44\n678\n962</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"saannollisten-lausekkeiden-syntaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Säännöllisten lausekkeiden syntaksi<a href=\"#saannollisten-lausekkeiden-syntaksi\" aria-label=\"saannollisten lausekkeiden syntaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi syntaksia, jota säännöllisissä lausekkeissa käytetään. Useimmissa esimerkeissä käytetään samaa testiohjelmaa eri syötteillä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> re\n\nlauseke <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lauseke: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> mjono <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> re<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>search<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauseke<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Osuma!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei osumaa.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h3 id=\"vaihtoehtoiset-alijonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoiset alijonot<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoiset-alijonot\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoiset alijonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Pystyviivalla voidaan erottaa vaihtoehtoisia osajonoja. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">911|112</code> täsmää merkkijonoihin, joista löytyy joko osajono <code class=\"language-text\">911</code> tai osajono <code class=\"language-text\">112</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>aa|ee|ii</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>saapas</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>teema</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>iilimato</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>ooppera</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>uuttera</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"merkkijoukot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijoukot<a href=\"#merkkijoukot\" aria-label=\"merkkijoukot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Hakasulkeiden väliin voidaan merkitä joukko hyväksyttyjä merkkejä. Esimerkiksi merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[aeio]</code> täsmää jonoihin, joista löytyy jokin merkeistä a, e, i, tai o. Merkintätapa sallii myös väliviivan käytön. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[0-68a-d]</code> hyväksyy jonot, joista löytyy numero nollasta kuuteen, kahdeksikko tai merkki väliltä a...d. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[1-3][0-9]</code> hyväksyy kaksinumeroiset luvut väliltä 10...39.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>[C-FRSÖ]</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>C</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>E</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>G</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>R</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>Ö</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>T</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"toistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Toistaminen<a href=\"#toistaminen\" aria-label=\"toistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Lausekkeen osaa voidaan toistaa esimerkiksi seuraavien operaattorien avulla:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">*</code> toistaa osaa minkä tahansa määrän kertoja (myös nolla)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">+</code> toistaa osaa minkä tahansa määrän kertoja (ainakin yhden)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">{m}</code> toistaa osaa täsmälleen <code class=\"language-text\">m</code> kertaa</li>\n</ul><p>Operaattorit viittaavat niitä edeltävään lausekkeen osaan. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">ba+b</code> hyväksyy esimerkiksi osajonot <code class=\"language-text\">bab</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">baab</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">baaaaaaaaaaab</code>. Lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">A[BCDE]*Z</code> puolestaan hyväksyy esimerkiksi osajonot <code class=\"language-text\">AZ</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ADZ</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">ABCDEBCDEBCDEZ</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>1[234]*5</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>15</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>125</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>145</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>12342345</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>126</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>165</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"muita-erikoismerkkeja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muita erikoismerkkejä<a href=\"#muita-erikoismerkkeja\" aria-label=\"muita erikoismerkkeja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Pisteellä merkitään mitä tahansa yksittäistä merkkiä. Niinpä merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">c...o</code> vastaa esimerkiksi merkkijonoja <code class=\"language-text\">c-3po</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">combo</code>. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">^</code> voidaan määritellä, että osuman pitää löytyä merkkijonon alusta, ja vastaavasti merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">$</code>, että sen on oltava lopussa. Näillä voidaan näppärästi myös rajata sääntö koskemaan vain annettuja merkkejä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^[123]*$</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>4</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>1221</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>333333333</strong>\nOsuma!</p></sample-output><p>Kenoviivaa voidaan käyttää etsimään erikoismerkkejä. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">1+</code> tarkoittaa yhtä tai useampaa ykköstä, mutta merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">1\\+</code> merkkijonoa <code class=\"language-text\">1+</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^\\*</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>moi*</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>m*o*i</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>*moi</strong>\nOsuma!</p></sample-output><p>Kaarisulkeilla voidaan ryhmitellä lausekkeen osia. Esimerkiksi lauseke <code class=\"language-text\">(ab)+c</code> hyväksyy jonot <code class=\"language-text\">abc</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ababc</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">ababababababc</code>, mutta ei esimerkiksi jonoja <code class=\"language-text\">ac</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">bc</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna lauseke: <strong>^(jabba).*(hut)$</strong>\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba the hut</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba a hut</strong>\nOsuma!\nAnna testijono: <strong>jarmo the hut</strong>\nEi osumaa.\nAnna testijono: <strong>jabba the smut</strong>\nEi osumaa.</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Säännölliset lausekkeet' tmcname='osa12-14_saannolliset_lausekkeet'><p>Harjoitellaan hieman säännöllisten lausekkeiden käyttöä.</p><h2 id=\"viikonpaivat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Viikonpäivät<a href=\"#viikonpaivat\" aria-label=\"viikonpaivat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla funktio <code class=\"language-text\">on_viikonpaiva(merkkijono: str)</code> joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos sen parametrina saama merkkijono sisältää viikonpäivän lyhenteen (ma, ti, ke, to, pe, la tai su).</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on_viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"vokaalitarkistus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vokaalitarkistus<a href=\"#vokaalitarkistus\" aria-label=\"vokaalitarkistus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_vokaaleja(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka tarkistaa säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla, ovatko parametrina annetun merkkijonon kaikki merkit vokaaleja.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eioueioieoieouyyyy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"autoooo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kellonaika\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kellonaika<a href=\"#kellonaika\" aria-label=\"kellonaika permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kellonaika(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka tarkistaa säännöllisen lausekkeen avulla, onko parametrina oleva merkkijono muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">tt:mm:ss</code> oleva kellonaika (tunnit, minuutit ja sekunnit kaksinumeroisina).</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12:43:01\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"AB:01:CD\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"17:59:59\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kellonaika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"33:66:77\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"loppuhuipennus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppuhuipennus<a href=\"#loppuhuipennus\" aria-label=\"loppuhuipennus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Harjoitellaan vielä osan lopussa hieman laajemman ohjelman tekemistä olioita hyödyntäen. Tämä tehtävä ei sijainnistaan huolimatta liity mitenkään säännöllisiin lausekkeisiin, mutta luvun <a href=\"/osa-12/1-funktio-parametrina\">Funktio parametrina</a> asia tulee olemaan tarpeen ja myös <a href=\"/osa-11/1-koosteet\">listakoosteet</a> voivat olla käyttökelpoisia.</p><p>Sovelluksen rakenteelle voi ottaa inspiraatiota osan 10 <a href=\"/osa-10/4-lisaa-esimerkkeja\">viimeisestä luvusta</a>.</p><programming-exercise name='Tilastot ojennukseen' tmcname='osa12-15_tilastot_ojennukseen'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään sovellus, jonka avulla on mahdollista tarkastella NHL-jääkiekkoliigan tilastoja muutamassa hieman erilaisessa muodossa.</p><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee kaksi json-muodossa olevaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">osa.json</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki.json</code>, näistä ensimmäinen on tarkoitettu lähinnä testailun avuksi. Jälkimmäinen sisältää kaikkien kaudella 2019-20 pelanneiden pelaajien statistiikat.</p><p>Yksittäisen pelaajan tiedot ovat muodossa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"json\"><pre class=\"language-json\"><code class=\"language-json\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"name\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Patrik Laine\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"nationality\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"FIN\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"assists\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"goals\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"penalties\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"team\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"WPG\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token property\">\"games\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">68</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span></code></pre></div><p>ja molemmat tiedostoista sisältävät yksittäisten pelaajien tiedot taulukossa.</p><p>Jos et muista, miten json-muotoinen tiedosto saadaan luettua Python-ohjelmaan, voit kerrata tämän <a href=\"/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely#json-tiedoston-lukeminen\">osan 7 materiaalista</a>.</p><p>Tee nyt ohjelma, joka kysyy aluksi tiedoston nimeä ja tarjoaa sitten seuraavat toiminnot:</p><ul>\n<li>yksittäisen pelaajan tietojen haku nimen perusteella</li>\n<li>listaus joukkueiden nimien lyhenteistä (aakkosjärjestyksessä)</li>\n<li>listaus maiden nimien lyhenteistä (aakkosjärjestyksessä)</li>\n</ul><p>Näistä toiminnoista saa yhden pisteen. Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>Travis Zajac</strong></p><pre>\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>2</strong>\nBUF\nCGY\nDAL\nNJD\nNYI\nOTT\nPIT\nWPG\nWSH</p><p>komento: <strong>3</strong>\nCAN\nCHE\nCZE\nSWE\nUSA</p><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että pelaajien tulostusasun pitää olla täsmälleen seuraavanlainen:</p><sample-output><pre>\nLeon Draisaitl       EDM  43 + 67 = 110\nConnor McDavid       EDM  34 + 63 =  97\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nMike Green           EDM   3 +  8 =  11\nMarkus Granlund      EDM   3 +  1 =   4\n123456789012345678901234567890123456789\n</pre></sample-output><p>Alimman rivin numerot on lisätty helpottamaan oikean merkkimäärän laskemista. Joukkueen nimen lyhenne siis tulostetaan alkaen rivin 22. merkistä. Plus on rivin 30. merkki ja = rivin 35. merkki. Kaikki luvut tulee tasata oikeaan reunaan omaa tulostusaluettaan. Tyhjät kohdat ovat välilyöntejä.</p><p>Tulostuksen muotoilu kannattaa hoitaa f-merkkijonoina samaan tapaan kuin <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#programming-exercise-kurssin-tulokset-osa-3\">tässä</a> osan 6 tehtävässä.</p><p>Seuraavat toiminnot tuovat toisen pisteen:</p><ul>\n<li>joukkueen pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden (joka saadaan laskemalla <em>goals</em> + <em>assits</em>) mukaisessa järjestyksessä</li>\n<li>tietyn maan pelaajien listaaminen pisteiden mukaisessa järjestyksessä</li>\n</ul><p>Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>4</strong>\njoukkue: <strong>OTT</strong></p><pre>\nDrake Batherson      OTT   3 +  7 =  10\nJonathan Davidsson   OTT   0 +  1 =   1\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>5</strong>\nmaa: <strong>CAN</strong></p><pre>\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nTaylor Fedun         DAL   2 +  7 =   9\nMark Jankowski       CGY   5 +  2 =   7\nLogan Shaw           WPG   3 +  2 =   5\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><p>Kolmannen pisteen saa seuraavilla toiminnoilla:</p><ul>\n<li>n eniten pistettä saanutta pelaajaa\n<ul>\n<li>jos kahden pelaajan pistemäärä on sama, ratkaisee maalimäärä</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>n eniten maaleja (<em>goals</em>) tehnyttä pelaajaa\n<ul>\n<li>jos kahden pelaajan maalimäärä on sama, järjestyksen ratkaisee se kummalla on vähemmän otteluja (<em>games</em>)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul><p>Toiminnallisuus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>tiedosto: <strong>osa.json</strong>\nluettiin 14 pelaajan tiedot</p><p>komennot:\n0 lopeta\n1 hae pelaaja\n2 joukkueet\n3 maat\n4 joukkueen pelaajat\n5 maan pelaajat\n6 eniten pisteitä\n7 eniten maaleja</p><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkuinka monta: <strong>2</strong></p><pre>\nJakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>6</strong>\nkuinka monta: <strong>5</strong></p><pre>\nJakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nJohn Klingberg       DAL   6 + 26 =  32\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nConor Sheary         BUF  10 + 13 =  23\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>7</strong>\nkuinka monta: <strong>6</strong></p><pre>\nJakub Vrana          WSH  25 + 27 =  52\nJared McCann         PIT  14 + 21 =  35\nConor Sheary         BUF  10 + 13 =  23\nTravis Zajac         NJD   9 + 16 =  25\nJohn Klingberg       DAL   6 + 26 =  32\nMark Jankowski       CGY   5 +  2 =   7\n</pre><p>komento: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"9d660c41-3094-5bf4-b084-30407dea276d\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-12/4-saannolliset-lausekkeet","title":"Säännölliset 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tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/498f521486feca567f74dd51c44e371b/pygame_kuva3.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"get_width"}]},{"type":"text","value":" antaa kuvan leveyden ja vastaavasti metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"get_height"}]},{"type":"text","value":" antaa kuvan korkeuden. Ikkunan keskikohta on "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"(320, 240)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joten tämän avulla saadaan laskettua sopiva kohta kuvan vasemmalle yläkulmalle niin, että kuva sijoittuu ikkunan keskelle."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"text-box","properties":{"variant":"hint","name":"Pygame-tehtävät"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämän osan tehtävissä ei ole automaattisia testejä, vaan testi antaa pisteet automaattisesti, kun lähetät ratkaisun palvelimelle. Lähetä ratkaisu vasta sitten, kun se on valmis ja vastaa tehtävänannon vaatimuksia. Vaikka tehtävissä ei ole testejä, kurssin henkilökunta näkee lähetetyt ratkaisut. Myös keskeneräisen ratkaisun lähettäminen TMC Pasteen antaa pisteet automaattisesti, joten sitä ei tule käyttää kysyessä apua tämän osan tehtäviin. Voit kurssin tukikanavilla apua kysyessä käyttää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://pastebin.com/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pastebin.com"}]},{"type":"text","value":"ia tai jotain muuta internetin pastebin-palvelua."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos lähetät palvelimelle ratkaisun, joka selkeästi ei vastaa tehtävänantoa, voit menettää pisteet tämän osan tehtävistä."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Neljä robottia","tmcname":"osa13-01_nelja_robottia"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää robotin jokaiseen ikkunan neljään nurkkaan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/8ba6d635c4ceb93c2b86711f83589b3a/pygame_nelja.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Robotit rivissä","tmcname":"osa13-02_robotit_rivissa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää kymmenen robottia riviin. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/8dc589e5970721e2bf8bfe2bd22fa6cf/pygame_rivi.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Sata robottia","tmcname":"osa13-03_sata_robottia"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää sata robottia: kymmenen riviä ja joka rivissä kymmenen robottia. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/7012bfc1e6ade044e03c53f07f35e7a6/pygame_sata.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Satunnaiset robotit","tmcname":"osa13-04_satunnaiset_robotit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tuhat"}]},{"type":"text","value":" robottia satunnaisiin paikkoihin. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/61a30808255873a3e24df2fc559d9367/pygame_tuhat.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet asentanut Pygame-kirjaston koneellesi</li>\n<li>Osaat luoda ikkunan ja sulkea ohjelman</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan tiedostossa olevan kuvan</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Kurssin kahdella viimeisellä viikolla tutustumme Pygame-kirjastoon, joka on peliohjelmointiin tarkoitettu Python-kirjasto. Pygamen avulla pystyy piirtämään grafiikkaa, käsittelemään näppäimistön ja hiiren tapahtumia ja tekemään muuta peleissä tarvittavaa.</p><h2 id=\"pygamen-asentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pygamen asentaminen<a href=\"#pygamen-asentaminen\" aria-label=\"pygamen asentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><h3 id=\"linux\" style=\"position:relative;\">Linux<a href=\"#linux\" aria-label=\"linux permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa komentorivi ja kirjoita <code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 399px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 60.434782608695656%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAMCAYAAABiDJ37AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVQoz+2Oy26CYBSE/5XXxssTKAWqUQSixmorKhEEfgQv7/8un8FqorELFm5MXHyZyZnJ5IhEBgSeyy4Oz5rGIZG/JokC9lvJerVgn0gOaYwMPOLQ57jbMp994/w8IrzuL5G5YtNzWKoTpOkSGkuc1oh07HOcRrj6FLOmYje/sBr6n9a1fxFWVWNY62B/6FgVDbuqk93Mssqo3j1nme8X2hhF5cKtv0cYJYV+VigpD2T3azYof+ZC5C3mHc09+PQP34MvPHgC7r1OntPJWSAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a0b58/pygame_linux.webp 230w,\n/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/66086/pygame_linux.webp 399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/81c8e/pygame_linux.png 230w,\n/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png 399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png\" alt=\"pygame linux\" title=\"pygame linux\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h3 id=\"windows\" style=\"position:relative;\">Windows<a href=\"#windows\" aria-label=\"windows permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa Windowsin terminaali napauttamalla vasemman alakulman Windows-painiketta. Kirjoita aukeavaan ikkunaan <code class=\"language-text\">cmd</code> ja paina enter:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 392px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 173.47826086956525%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAjCAIAAAAblL1PAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAADp0lEQVRIx+2VT0gjVxzHp0g1kwlqNEmJqUTblB6EPewaEKGlINKlhW5Peyhb2GNPwkIPhUJvPRVakP6hQr0UlvoHm6yaSfaSVTdqEpdQt8ZsTGidxJ3JG2cmk0ky+fPevDKZVUrQrnruly+PuXze7/d+v/d7Q9hsNovFEgwGYUu1Wq3RaGiaJsuypmn4P0W43e6BgYHl5eVMJoMQKhQKsixDCBOJBITwPKxeryOEiJ6ens7OziBNY4xVVW02GkjTjJjay0QMDg66XK7FhYVcLndwcPB0d1dRFIPELxPhdDrtNtt3vz7YFfBGVt7IlsJpMZyWwmnxUVoKPxPXs0rk7+qZ1tOmKOqLb2fffW/i3tc/LCT4n0N/zDx8OvPwz9lw6qdA4n40v5yq+PZK/qTSZsJqtVos1Jff//bVjO/HQOJ+7PncE/AgVfUly/79si9Z9iWV3/dKZ1qHzaRpdiHAIfzsuL73vLLHVfdB7dQpUD/PLdhspldX/soe8IXCBUv1omBWq5UkyUBAb5VcKgHAHzJMVVUxxlBDSNNOrWm4zTpsMpGhUBBjLAgCy7KpVKpcLl8kBaNglvn5+XQ6I4kSAEBRlGKxCAAoFAo8zx8fH7Msq7ZyadtOhymKWlxcPDo6KhaLHMcBAGRZFgQBtCSKIsdxjUbj3Mhzc3PJ5L4sy7lcDgDAMAzLshzHGVvwPM+yLMMw+Xz+3xf+ReSlpSUAQLlcBgBIkiQIgrEqiiJJUrFYNHIRBAEh1F7t1dVVURQzmUw+n89mszzPX7RgJEnSNN1sNhVFqVQqqqrWarXmidomycAghPpUnfQ5YAwzwzDValU8kSAIZ8avVCr6PLf6bAqFQsZ++DL6H74s3NfXR5LkFWHj6b0i7Ha7nU4n3Xq3Lw17PB632x0IBK4C9/b2Xv3MY2NjXq/X7/efXvdLwA6Hg6KolZUVjHGtVoMQ1i8svVUGXK/XeZ4/PDxUVRUhpGGMEEIQYg1BCJGm6StCuPUBNQQRJCiK6ujomJ6ejsVi4XCYpulIJPJkJ76x9mh7OxqJxdY2t3biO4/XH29H41ubW+vrkXg8Hl3bjG1FCa/XOzk5SRD677Krq2t4+I3B113Eq+bR21P9Dvv4a92fjnsIgrj74biru+v66Jt3PnnnFYKw3r1mfqufGBoaGhkZMZlMDofDbDbb7HZ7v9Uy4Jn65pebH30wcX3is1t3eoff/vjzqWs3bozevHV76l5vn936vqd7yP4P6JyrnQ25/+oAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/a0b58/13_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/86099/13_1_1.webp 392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/81c8e/13_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png 392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png\" alt=\"13 1 1\" title=\"13 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita auenneeeseen komentokehoteikkunaan seuraava komentosarja ja paina <code class=\"language-text\">enter</code>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code></p><p>Tämä asentaa Pygame-paketin koneellesi.</p><p>Asennus voi vaatia järjestelmänvalvojan oikeuksia. Jos ylläoleva ei toimi, voit yrittää ajaa terminaalin järjestelmänvalvojana (valitse Windows-valikko, paina hiiren kakkospainiketta CMD-valinnan päällä ja valitse \"Run as administrator\" tai \"Aja järjestelmänvalvojana\").</p><p>Huomaa, että asennus vaatii että olet asennusvaiheessa ohjeiden mukaisesti valinnut kohdan \"Add Python 3.XX to path\", katso <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode#python3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ohjeet</a></p><h3 id=\"mac\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mac<a href=\"#mac\" aria-label=\"mac permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa <em>Terminaali</em>, esim. painamalla oikean yläkulman suurennuslasi-symbolia:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 746px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 24.347826086956523%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABGUlEQVQY02OYs2Rje9/sSTOWzlmycdKsZVPmrJg6Z+WC5Zt7py7s6J/dO2nehDnLW6bOb+mftWD55oUrN/VPXVNRPW3SzEVzlqxn0Lf207Hw1rPyhTF89Kx99W38tM08VE3dZE2c7S18z7gX99gnqll7G9n6alt6q5u561l56lv7MLCIaLGIaLGKaLMIQ0kWYU1GIQ1GYU1JMf1QKbs6OY9OeW8DcVMGQTUWIQ1mYQ1WEU0mIQ1mQXUGPnkzEJIzhSBeOVMeWRNZOQtHRYdAZRdzBTt+OVMGaQMOWWOQrKwJCMlASGMGfgVzfjlTXhkjXlljXhlDHil9PmkDNRlTKRkTNlljVjkTPnkzIXlzPnlzXpDRUJvAbFMAjAFKS35RLdoAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/a0b58/13-1-2.webp 230w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/bc10c/13-1-2.webp 460w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/f7ebd/13-1-2.webp 746w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/81c8e/13-1-2.png 230w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/08a84/13-1-2.png 460w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png 746w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png\" alt=\"13 1 2\" title=\"13 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita aukeavaan teksikenttään <code class=\"language-text\">terminal</code> ja paina enter:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/47218/13-1-3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 66.95652173913044%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/a0b58/13-1-3.webp 230w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/bc10c/13-1-3.webp 460w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/966d8/13-1-3.webp 920w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/3dddb/13-1-3.webp 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/81c8e/13-1-3.png 230w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/08a84/13-1-3.png 460w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/c0255/13-1-3.png 920w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/47218/13-1-3.png 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/c0255/13-1-3.png\" alt=\"13 1 3\" title=\"13 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita auenneeeseen komentokehoteikkunaan seuraava komentosarja ja paina <code class=\"language-text\">enter</code>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code></p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/d56e1/13-1-4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 28.695652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAiElEQVQY06XNwQoCIRSFYd//ZXoJ4dpUIpqEYRZii1y4cRai4xgMGEEboW954PAjcd6BYXd1OR0PhBDGGABgjAkhADBNe8651lpKKYSglHLOHx2yz9ftqp1z1lpjjFIqhDDPc4zRe19Kaa2tm9atHVpqXTa11pRSzrkNQ7/TJ/JdGz3/VR4/vwF1E1iIv4njxgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/a0b58/13-1-4.webp 230w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/bc10c/13-1-4.webp 460w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/966d8/13-1-4.webp 920w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/bbe5b/13-1-4.webp 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/81c8e/13-1-4.png 230w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/08a84/13-1-4.png 460w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/c0255/13-1-4.png 920w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/d56e1/13-1-4.png 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/c0255/13-1-4.png\" alt=\"13 1 4\" title=\"13 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tämä asentaa Pygame-paketin koneellesi.</p><h2 id=\"ensimmainen-ohjelma\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ensimmäinen ohjelma<a href=\"#ensimmainen-ohjelma\" aria-label=\"ensimmainen ohjelma permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä on yksinkertainen Pygamea käyttävä testiohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma käynnistetään, se näyttää käyttäjälle seuraavanlaisen ikkunan:</p><img src=\"/d11704399cba1d2075b1135cef373b65/pygame_eka.gif\"><p>Ohjelmassa ei ole kuitenkaan vielä muuta sisältöä kuin ikkunan näyttäminen. Ohjelman suoritus jatkuu niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä sulkee ikkunan.</p><p>Katsotaan seuraavaksi tarkemmin, miten ohjelma on rakentunut. Ohjelman alussa rivi <code class=\"language-text\">import pygame</code> ottaa mukaan Pygame-kirjaston. Kirjaston käyttäminen alkaa kutsumalla funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.init</code>, minkä jälkeen ohjelma luo ikkunan funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.set_mode</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">naytto</code> kautta ikkunaan voidaan viitata myöhemmin esimerkiksi grafiikan piirtämistä varten. Parametri <code class=\"language-text\">(640, 480)</code> tarkoittaa, että tässä ohjelmassa ikkunan leveys on 640 pikseliä ja korkeus on 480 pikseliä.</p><p>Seuraavaksi ohjelmassa on kaksi komentoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">fill</code> täyttää näytön annetulla värillä. Tässä tapauksessa värinä on <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0, 0)</code>, mikä tarkoittaa mustaa. Sitten metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code> päivittää näytön sisällön.</p><p>Tämän jälkeen alkaa ohjelman <em>pääsilmukka</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pääsilmukka käsittelee tapahtumat, jotka käyttöjärjestelmä välittää ohjelmalle. Joka kierroksella funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.event.get</code> antaa listan tapahtumista, jotka ovat syntyneet funktion edellisen kutsukerran jälkeen.</p><p>Tässä tapauksessa ohjelma käsittelee vain tyyppiä <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code> olevat tapahtumat. Tällainen tapahtuma syntyy, kun käyttäjä sulkee ohjelman esimerkiksi painamalla ikkunan ylänurkassa olevaa raksia. Tämän tapahtuman seurauksena ohjelma sulkee itsensä kutsumalla <code class=\"language-text\">exit</code>-funktiota.</p><p>Voit kokeilla, mitä tapahtuu, jos ohjelma ei käsittele tapahtumaa <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code>. Tällöin raksin painamisen ei pitäisi vaikuttaa ohjelman toimintaan, mikä on hämmentävää käyttäjälle. Ohjelman voi kuitenkin tässäkin tapauksessa sulkea väkisin komentoriviltä painamalla Control+C.</p><h2 id=\"kuva-ohjelmaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuva ohjelmaan<a href=\"#kuva-ohjelmaan\" aria-label=\"kuva ohjelmaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan seuraavaksi ohjelmaa niin, että se näyttää ikkunassa kuvan. Tämä onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodi käyttää kuvaa <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code>, jossa on robotin kuva:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 172%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/6ac13/robo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png\" alt=\"robo\" title=\"robo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code> tulee olla samassa hakemistossa ohjelman lähdekoodin kanssa, jotta ohjelma löytää kuvan. Tämän viikon tehtävissä robotin kuva on valmiina tehtäväpohjissa.</p><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/0f7db0536914ccd471841bcee4201632/pygame_kuva.gif\"><p>Tässä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.image.load</code> lataa muuttujaan tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code> olevan kuvan. Tämän jälkeen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">blit</code> piirtää kuvan ikkunaan kohtaan <code class=\"language-text\">(100, 50)</code> ja sitten funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code> päivittää ikkunan sisällön. Kohta <code class=\"language-text\">(100, 50)</code> tarkoittaa, että kuvan <em>vasen yläkulma</em>  on kyseisessä kohdassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että Pygamessa ja yleensä muutenkin ohjelmoinnissa koordinaatisto on rakennettu niin, että piirtoalueen vasen yläkulma on kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0)</code> ja koordinaatit kasvavat x-suunnassa oikealle ja y-suunnassa alaspäin. Tässä tapauksessa ikkunan oikean alakulman koordinaatit ovat <code class=\"language-text\">(640, 480)</code>.</p><p>Kuvan voi piirtää moneenkin kohtaan ikkunassa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi piirtää kuvan kolmeen eri kohtaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">300</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin ikkuna näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/a7807afa43ad1cc7d9686968e6838712/pygame_kuva2.gif\"><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan piirtää kuvan ikkunan keskelle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkorkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>leveys<span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>korkeus<span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/498f521486feca567f74dd51c44e371b/pygame_kuva3.gif\"><p>Tässä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">get_width</code> antaa kuvan leveyden ja vastaavasti metodi <code class=\"language-text\">get_height</code> antaa kuvan korkeuden. Ikkunan keskikohta on <code class=\"language-text\">(320, 240)</code>, joten tämän avulla saadaan laskettua sopiva kohta kuvan vasemmalle yläkulmalle niin, että kuva sijoittuu ikkunan keskelle.</p><text-box variant='hint' name='Pygame-tehtävät'><p>Tämän osan tehtävissä ei ole automaattisia testejä, vaan testi antaa pisteet automaattisesti, kun lähetät ratkaisun palvelimelle. Lähetä ratkaisu vasta sitten, kun se on valmis ja vastaa tehtävänannon vaatimuksia. Vaikka tehtävissä ei ole testejä, kurssin henkilökunta näkee lähetetyt ratkaisut. Myös keskeneräisen ratkaisun lähettäminen TMC Pasteen antaa pisteet automaattisesti, joten sitä ei tule käyttää kysyessä apua tämän osan tehtäviin. Voit kurssin tukikanavilla apua kysyessä käyttää <a href=\"https://pastebin.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pastebin.com</a>ia tai jotain muuta internetin pastebin-palvelua.</p><p>Jos lähetät palvelimelle ratkaisun, joka selkeästi ei vastaa tehtävänantoa, voit menettää pisteet tämän osan tehtävistä.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Neljä robottia' tmcname='osa13-01_nelja_robottia'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää robotin jokaiseen ikkunan neljään nurkkaan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/8ba6d635c4ceb93c2b86711f83589b3a/pygame_nelja.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Robotit rivissä' tmcname='osa13-02_robotit_rivissa'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää kymmenen robottia riviin. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/8dc589e5970721e2bf8bfe2bd22fa6cf/pygame_rivi.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sata robottia' tmcname='osa13-03_sata_robottia'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää sata robottia: kymmenen riviä ja joka rivissä kymmenen robottia. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/7012bfc1e6ade044e03c53f07f35e7a6/pygame_sata.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Satunnaiset robotit' tmcname='osa13-04_satunnaiset_robotit'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää <em>tuhat</em> robottia satunnaisiin paikkoihin. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/61a30808255873a3e24df2fc559d9367/pygame_tuhat.gif\"></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-13/1-pygame-kayttoon","title":"Pygame käyttöön"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-13/1-pygame-kayttoon.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/7012bfc1e6ade044e03c53f07f35e7a6/pygame_sata.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Satunnaiset robotit","tmcname":"osa13-04_satunnaiset_robotit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tuhat"}]},{"type":"text","value":" robottia satunnaisiin paikkoihin. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/61a30808255873a3e24df2fc559d9367/pygame_tuhat.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet asentanut Pygame-kirjaston koneellesi</li>\n<li>Osaat luoda ikkunan ja sulkea ohjelman</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan tiedostossa olevan kuvan</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Kurssin kahdella viimeisellä viikolla tutustumme Pygame-kirjastoon, joka on peliohjelmointiin tarkoitettu Python-kirjasto. Pygamen avulla pystyy piirtämään grafiikkaa, käsittelemään näppäimistön ja hiiren tapahtumia ja tekemään muuta peleissä tarvittavaa.</p><h2 id=\"pygamen-asentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pygamen asentaminen<a href=\"#pygamen-asentaminen\" aria-label=\"pygamen asentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><h3 id=\"linux\" style=\"position:relative;\">Linux<a href=\"#linux\" aria-label=\"linux permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa komentorivi ja kirjoita <code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 399px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 60.434782608695656%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAMCAYAAABiDJ37AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVQoz+2Oy26CYBSE/5XXxssTKAWqUQSixmorKhEEfgQv7/8un8FqorELFm5MXHyZyZnJ5IhEBgSeyy4Oz5rGIZG/JokC9lvJerVgn0gOaYwMPOLQ57jbMp994/w8IrzuL5G5YtNzWKoTpOkSGkuc1oh07HOcRrj6FLOmYje/sBr6n9a1fxFWVWNY62B/6FgVDbuqk93Mssqo3j1nme8X2hhF5cKtv0cYJYV+VigpD2T3azYof+ZC5C3mHc09+PQP34MvPHgC7r1OntPJWSAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a0b58/pygame_linux.webp 230w,\n/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/66086/pygame_linux.webp 399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/81c8e/pygame_linux.png 230w,\n/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png 399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a92634cb53af0aa1734e9ca12ca79562/a307d/pygame_linux.png\" alt=\"pygame linux\" title=\"pygame linux\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h3 id=\"windows\" style=\"position:relative;\">Windows<a href=\"#windows\" aria-label=\"windows permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa Windowsin terminaali napauttamalla vasemman alakulman Windows-painiketta. Kirjoita aukeavaan ikkunaan <code class=\"language-text\">cmd</code> ja paina enter:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 392px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 173.47826086956525%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/a0b58/13_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/86099/13_1_1.webp 392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/81c8e/13_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png 392w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/76954afbb36ac5953d205b7cdab98ff6/0acb4/13_1_1.png\" alt=\"13 1 1\" title=\"13 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita auenneeeseen komentokehoteikkunaan seuraava komentosarja ja paina <code class=\"language-text\">enter</code>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code></p><p>Tämä asentaa Pygame-paketin koneellesi.</p><p>Asennus voi vaatia järjestelmänvalvojan oikeuksia. Jos ylläoleva ei toimi, voit yrittää ajaa terminaalin järjestelmänvalvojana (valitse Windows-valikko, paina hiiren kakkospainiketta CMD-valinnan päällä ja valitse \"Run as administrator\" tai \"Aja järjestelmänvalvojana\").</p><p>Huomaa, että asennus vaatii että olet asennusvaiheessa ohjeiden mukaisesti valinnut kohdan \"Add Python 3.XX to path\", katso <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode#python3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ohjeet</a></p><h3 id=\"mac\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mac<a href=\"#mac\" aria-label=\"mac permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Avaa <em>Terminaali</em>, esim. painamalla oikean yläkulman suurennuslasi-symbolia:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 746px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 24.347826086956523%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABGUlEQVQY02OYs2Rje9/sSTOWzlmycdKsZVPmrJg6Z+WC5Zt7py7s6J/dO2nehDnLW6bOb+mftWD55oUrN/VPXVNRPW3SzEVzlqxn0Lf207Hw1rPyhTF89Kx99W38tM08VE3dZE2c7S18z7gX99gnqll7G9n6alt6q5u561l56lv7MLCIaLGIaLGKaLMIQ0kWYU1GIQ1GYU1JMf1QKbs6OY9OeW8DcVMGQTUWIQ1mYQ1WEU0mIQ1mQXUGPnkzEJIzhSBeOVMeWRNZOQtHRYdAZRdzBTt+OVMGaQMOWWOQrKwJCMlASGMGfgVzfjlTXhkjXlljXhlDHil9PmkDNRlTKRkTNlljVjkTPnkzIXlzPnlzXpDRUJvAbFMAjAFKS35RLdoAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/a0b58/13-1-2.webp 230w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/bc10c/13-1-2.webp 460w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/f7ebd/13-1-2.webp 746w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/81c8e/13-1-2.png 230w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/08a84/13-1-2.png 460w,\n/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png 746w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/77ceacb61dfaf80c7c442a4225b65e87/62de4/13-1-2.png\" alt=\"13 1 2\" title=\"13 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita aukeavaan teksikenttään <code class=\"language-text\">terminal</code> ja paina enter:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/47218/13-1-3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 66.95652173913044%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAANCAIAAAAmMtkJAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAACa0lEQVQozy2STXLTQBCFdYFwgzh3IlmFDeQGkAQ2LKGo4hBAQhWp7FglQMohln8iO7Yly7JkzWime370M5LsACeg5KTq23W97ur3njX3poNup2t3Bv0+53z9+aL63ilGcx1zlRZK50pnSmdCapQKUQHKvCi/nZ0PnKFlDyZt22nbo+vu3cQnvhP4HvEXHEArnUn1qASUHAQHAahUmg+c0cwPrIOP3dcn+PbcvDw1h6fF8Vn55swcfjVOkJs8lypXOi9MvVr/Xf/5V5Q1CiVUWlYrqVLr99XNz+vBzdB3PDKeM2/BZyF4IeeodZoJmZqy/vTl5PmLg929vXfvPxSm0UuVAUirb/fa1+3e7W0UkygmhFCaJJRSFFKoFIQq6/XR8fHOTuvJ1tbT3T1TrQGl0hmgsJxhMBxPnYnrBVFMgaFuAM1AMZCUYW7ql6+Otre3W63W/v6zLDeMI0rNAK1Ob2L3h+2b3tW17frhkkAYs3DJ4gQJEyRBDspx7i4vf11c/Oh0eknCCWEJw0UYW+4s6N+OnOHE88NFRBdLuohoEBHKxcNxAIkgXW8+Hk8TyilhyyWlCUw93/LcmTube37QpJLmchOPUBnKdIMWQgMIShkhjDHgXHCOHCRNuEVRzfxgNJ66ng/YxCBUo0GhUahHUAmppUql1KIhlSprfg4TGS1JGMVhFLPGx2bQ3NyIYQMKHUZkPPFcz3+ojc7yxu04pjFJHiCUMY4gFEeVbKymDBgXwWLpDO96fcfu9jmI5i+ZMY6WTvMGnWmdZXluTFlWa1OtTFkXpipMWZgKmmKiaJaKsqrr1X29ui/L+j/LRoPjTcXpPgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/a0b58/13-1-3.webp 230w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/bc10c/13-1-3.webp 460w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/966d8/13-1-3.webp 920w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/3dddb/13-1-3.webp 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/81c8e/13-1-3.png 230w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/08a84/13-1-3.png 460w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/c0255/13-1-3.png 920w,\n/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/47218/13-1-3.png 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a310ec5ccf9438989514ad8da107dcc3/c0255/13-1-3.png\" alt=\"13 1 3\" title=\"13 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kirjoita auenneeeseen komentokehoteikkunaan seuraava komentosarja ja paina <code class=\"language-text\">enter</code>:</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">pip3 install pygame</code></p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/d56e1/13-1-4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 28.695652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAiElEQVQY06XNwQoCIRSFYd//ZXoJ4dpUIpqEYRZii1y4cRai4xgMGEEboW954PAjcd6BYXd1OR0PhBDGGABgjAkhADBNe8651lpKKYSglHLOHx2yz9ftqp1z1lpjjFIqhDDPc4zRe19Kaa2tm9atHVpqXTa11pRSzrkNQ7/TJ/JdGz3/VR4/vwF1E1iIv4njxgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/a0b58/13-1-4.webp 230w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/bc10c/13-1-4.webp 460w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/966d8/13-1-4.webp 920w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/bbe5b/13-1-4.webp 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/81c8e/13-1-4.png 230w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/08a84/13-1-4.png 460w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/c0255/13-1-4.png 920w,\n/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/d56e1/13-1-4.png 1130w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cc8d7c319bc7baf0232b2d92350f9631/c0255/13-1-4.png\" alt=\"13 1 4\" title=\"13 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tämä asentaa Pygame-paketin koneellesi.</p><h2 id=\"ensimmainen-ohjelma\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ensimmäinen ohjelma<a href=\"#ensimmainen-ohjelma\" aria-label=\"ensimmainen ohjelma permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä on yksinkertainen Pygamea käyttävä testiohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma käynnistetään, se näyttää käyttäjälle seuraavanlaisen ikkunan:</p><img src=\"/d11704399cba1d2075b1135cef373b65/pygame_eka.gif\"><p>Ohjelmassa ei ole kuitenkaan vielä muuta sisältöä kuin ikkunan näyttäminen. Ohjelman suoritus jatkuu niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä sulkee ikkunan.</p><p>Katsotaan seuraavaksi tarkemmin, miten ohjelma on rakentunut. Ohjelman alussa rivi <code class=\"language-text\">import pygame</code> ottaa mukaan Pygame-kirjaston. Kirjaston käyttäminen alkaa kutsumalla funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.init</code>, minkä jälkeen ohjelma luo ikkunan funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.set_mode</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">naytto</code> kautta ikkunaan voidaan viitata myöhemmin esimerkiksi grafiikan piirtämistä varten. Parametri <code class=\"language-text\">(640, 480)</code> tarkoittaa, että tässä ohjelmassa ikkunan leveys on 640 pikseliä ja korkeus on 480 pikseliä.</p><p>Seuraavaksi ohjelmassa on kaksi komentoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">fill</code> täyttää näytön annetulla värillä. Tässä tapauksessa värinä on <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0, 0)</code>, mikä tarkoittaa mustaa. Sitten metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code> päivittää näytön sisällön.</p><p>Tämän jälkeen alkaa ohjelman <em>pääsilmukka</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pääsilmukka käsittelee tapahtumat, jotka käyttöjärjestelmä välittää ohjelmalle. Joka kierroksella funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.event.get</code> antaa listan tapahtumista, jotka ovat syntyneet funktion edellisen kutsukerran jälkeen.</p><p>Tässä tapauksessa ohjelma käsittelee vain tyyppiä <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code> olevat tapahtumat. Tällainen tapahtuma syntyy, kun käyttäjä sulkee ohjelman esimerkiksi painamalla ikkunan ylänurkassa olevaa raksia. Tämän tapahtuman seurauksena ohjelma sulkee itsensä kutsumalla <code class=\"language-text\">exit</code>-funktiota.</p><p>Voit kokeilla, mitä tapahtuu, jos ohjelma ei käsittele tapahtumaa <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code>. Tällöin raksin painamisen ei pitäisi vaikuttaa ohjelman toimintaan, mikä on hämmentävää käyttäjälle. Ohjelman voi kuitenkin tässäkin tapauksessa sulkea väkisin komentoriviltä painamalla Control+C.</p><h2 id=\"kuva-ohjelmaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuva ohjelmaan<a href=\"#kuva-ohjelmaan\" aria-label=\"kuva ohjelmaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan seuraavaksi ohjelmaa niin, että se näyttää ikkunassa kuvan. Tämä onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodi käyttää kuvaa <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code>, jossa on robotin kuva:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 172%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAiCAYAAABfqvm9AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAEyklEQVRIx7WWX0hbdxzFTzRWqNTODLWpsWoRfbGQFtMqtIUykGJsuxWq0dptqTWWVTtFR11u/m0VX/YwN6jazUopQx0Iw7AOmzUmG7bGJMJGYd1gjMFehDFSGIPVJX7Hub3tqrONe9gPvtyv53zOSYi54QLrTnl5ebbZbIbJZPIdPnz495ycnMbHHndq9MiQRbpTWFiIPXv2YMeOHV0HDhwQAAdLS0vB4U6NHhmy6c4Wg8HwWklJiWN7bu45AKM7d+5sNZlMHRzu1OiRIcvMRkU67frChQsXxO/3y2d+v8zevi3T09MyOTmpDndq9MiQZWZdx5o/cn0+36/xpaXVyy7XQ1dPT3JqamolGo2qw50aPTJkmXle4fZ33e7Ep8GgfASkfgbkUmenLMRi6nCnRo8MWWaeW+hzuxOfh8OiGI2pcUB8TqdEolF1uFOjR8a3mUKnoiRi0ah8MjOTujYzI7O3bklobk4d7tTokSGbvtDpTMRiMYkvLqa+jceFwcVIRB3u1OiRIZu2UFGURCQSkQ9HRlJDw8O8ytDoqDrq/khLkVE28w69Hk9iNhSSlszM1HlAXuXnqA13avTIkE1XmOt1u3/7IhgUG/CXA0ieBlIeQDjcqdEjQzbt18bj8SSXlpbk6vi4jFy7JmM3bsjo9eurHO7U6JEh+6x3+OT+P3LkSKCrqyvS0919p6+396vzHR3Lb/X1CYc7NXpkyDKzpsHv92N5eVl9BRHJAJCl3Z9bRXhn4ePW1lbhcNe0rRqTpWV07GAXxsbGUFdXp9Pp1HecdeLEiV8GBgb+UBTlgdvtfuB0Oh+63W7haPsDemTIMsMsO9iFioqKzKqqKpSUlPRXVlb+6PV6k/fv35eFhQWJRqMS5/cuHl/VRtXokSHLDLPsYBeOHz+ut9ls2L9//3X+eiiKsrK4uJgKBAKrwWAwFQwGeRVtVI0eGbLMMMsOdsFqteobGxtRXV090t7eLi6Xa4V3AcPhcFg2GnpkyDLDLDvYhYaGBrXQYrFcdTgcTxfKcwrlcSEzzLKDXf9DodWqbzp1Cpbq6qsd587950JmmGUHu3D05En9yTNnsK+2dtTe3a1C8U18hnGtkBlm2cEuHC0u1r9SVoZ9hYVjr5eWinLp0p/RWCz5ZSCQ0v6zqbm5uSRH+68LPTJkmWGWHeyCHdC/CeCljIz3LwPyTn+/fHPvnty9c4ffOfVnan5+Xh3u1OiRIcsMs+xgF5CfDxw7BlitvJWKDh46FHI4HBFbc/NyW1ubNDc3/2S32+9yuFOjR4YsM2qWHex6coxG9cJ7NRwKoaio6AOGAZyemJgAhzs1emS0+/pJds0pKChQfyAGBwe38KnAYrFcuXjxohiNxrP/vKbxLDV6ZMgyo2U3PvX19fqmpibs3bv3Smdnp+Tl5dlNJhOfdcCdGj0yZJ/9DAKATz61NTVZbe3tMJvNw7xP1xdSo0eGbPaznkWePhUWC2oslqHenh4xGAz2XcXF4HCnRo/M5k52dhk7t+3ePdFgs0nOtm32FwsKwOFOjR4Zjd34vA3ovQDqgIl5QL4H5CYgu4A3qgBwuN/UPDJkvVr2X4WNQGYLgH1A/3vAd8PA1x6d7od84OVdj8rAnRo9MmRbtOzjor8BpWPSyH+RAgAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/6ac13/robo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/c90257b456f195bb0d06e65ddbbc1728/a1812/robo.png\" alt=\"robo\" title=\"robo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code> tulee olla samassa hakemistossa ohjelman lähdekoodin kanssa, jotta ohjelma löytää kuvan. Tämän viikon tehtävissä robotin kuva on valmiina tehtäväpohjissa.</p><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/0f7db0536914ccd471841bcee4201632/pygame_kuva.gif\"><p>Tässä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.image.load</code> lataa muuttujaan tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code> olevan kuvan. Tämän jälkeen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">blit</code> piirtää kuvan ikkunaan kohtaan <code class=\"language-text\">(100, 50)</code> ja sitten funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code> päivittää ikkunan sisällön. Kohta <code class=\"language-text\">(100, 50)</code> tarkoittaa, että kuvan <em>vasen yläkulma</em>  on kyseisessä kohdassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että Pygamessa ja yleensä muutenkin ohjelmoinnissa koordinaatisto on rakennettu niin, että piirtoalueen vasen yläkulma on kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0)</code> ja koordinaatit kasvavat x-suunnassa oikealle ja y-suunnassa alaspäin. Tässä tapauksessa ikkunan oikean alakulman koordinaatit ovat <code class=\"language-text\">(640, 480)</code>.</p><p>Kuvan voi piirtää moneenkin kohtaan ikkunassa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi piirtää kuvan kolmeen eri kohtaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">300</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin ikkuna näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/a7807afa43ad1cc7d9686968e6838712/pygame_kuva2.gif\"><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan piirtää kuvan ikkunan keskelle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkorkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>leveys<span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>korkeus<span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt ikkuna näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/498f521486feca567f74dd51c44e371b/pygame_kuva3.gif\"><p>Tässä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">get_width</code> antaa kuvan leveyden ja vastaavasti metodi <code class=\"language-text\">get_height</code> antaa kuvan korkeuden. Ikkunan keskikohta on <code class=\"language-text\">(320, 240)</code>, joten tämän avulla saadaan laskettua sopiva kohta kuvan vasemmalle yläkulmalle niin, että kuva sijoittuu ikkunan keskelle.</p><text-box variant='hint' name='Pygame-tehtävät'><p>Tämän osan tehtävissä ei ole automaattisia testejä, vaan testi antaa pisteet automaattisesti, kun lähetät ratkaisun palvelimelle. Lähetä ratkaisu vasta sitten, kun se on valmis ja vastaa tehtävänannon vaatimuksia. Vaikka tehtävissä ei ole testejä, kurssin henkilökunta näkee lähetetyt ratkaisut. Myös keskeneräisen ratkaisun lähettäminen TMC Pasteen antaa pisteet automaattisesti, joten sitä ei tule käyttää kysyessä apua tämän osan tehtäviin. 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Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/e9503906920a8a19bc3a33143b0dde81/pygame_pallo.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on palloa varten kuvatiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pallo.png"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Robotti-invaasio","tmcname":"osa13-10_robotti_invaasio"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee animaatio, jossa taivaalta tippuu satunnaisesti robotteja. Kun robotti laskeutuu maahan, se lähtee joko vasemmalle tai oikealle ja katoaa lopuksi ruudulta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/23bd928da4c554324efdf7de4806cc60/pygame_invaasio.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten voi toteuttaa animaation</li>\n<li>Osaat tahdistaa ohjelman nopeuden kellon avulla</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää trigonometriaa animaatiossa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Monissa peleissä on tarvetta saada aikaan liikkuvia hahmoja, joten seuraava luonteva askel on opetella animaation tekeminen. Animaatio syntyy, kun kuva piirretään eri kohtiin näytöllä sopivasti ajastettuna.</p><h2 id=\"animaation-tekeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Animaation tekeminen<a href=\"#animaation-tekeminen\" aria-label=\"animaation tekeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi luo animaation, jossa robotti kulkee vasemmalta oikealle ikkunassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/e0ac2065e7c54214a7440186eb4b9a5b/pygame_animaatio.gif\"><p>Katsotaan taas tarkemmin, mitä ohjelmassa tapahtuu. Jotta kuva pystyy liikkumaan, ohjelmassa täytyy olla tieto sen paikasta. Tämä onnistuu ottamalla käyttöön kaksi muuttujaa, jotka sisältävät kuvan vasemman yläkulman koordinaatit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän lisäksi määritellään kello, jonka avulla pystyy huolehtimaan siitä, että animaation nopeus on sopiva:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pääsilmukan sisällä on koodi, joka piirtää kuvan sen nykyiseen paikkaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ensin kutsutaan metodia <code class=\"language-text\">fill</code>, joka tyhjentää ikkunan mustalla värillä. Väri määritellään RGB-muodossa parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0, 0)</code>, mikä tarkoittaa, että värin punainen, vihreä ja sininen komponentti on 0 eli väri on musta. Jokainen komponentti voi olla välillä 0–255. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">(255, 255, 255)</code> on valkoinen ja <code class=\"language-text\">(255, 0, 0)</code> on punainen. Verkossa on monia työkaluja, joiden avulla voi tutkia RGB-värejä, kuten <a href=\"https://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RGB Color Codes Chart</a>.</p><p>Tämän jälkeen kuva piirretään tuttuun tapaan metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">blit</code> ja lopuksi ikkunan sisältö päivitetään funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code>.</p><p>Silmukan päätteeksi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> arvo kasvaa, minkä ansiosta kuva liikkuu pikselin eteenpäin joka kierroksella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäksi silmukan lopussa suoritetaan kellon metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> huolehtii siitä, että animaation nopeus on sopiva: se tahdistaa silmukan niin, että silmukka pyritään suorittamaan 60 kertaa sekunnissa. Toisin sanoen kuva liikkuu sekunnissa 60 pikseliä oikealle. Tämä vastaa suunnilleen pelien yhteydessä käytettävää termiä <em>FPS</em> (<em>frames per second</em>).</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> on hyödyllinen, koska sen avulla animaatio toimii periaatteessa yhtä nopeasti jokaisella koneella. Jos silmukassa ei olisi tällaista ajastusta, pelin nopeus riippuisi siitä, kuinka nopeasti pelaajan kone toimii.</p><h2 id=\"seinaan-tormaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Seinään törmääminen<a href=\"#seinaan-tormaaminen\" aria-label=\"seinaan tormaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Äskeinen animaatio on muuten hieno, mutta kun robotti etenee ikkunan ulkopuolelle, animaatio jatkuu ja robotti katoaa näkyvistä. Tehdään seuraavaksi ohjelmaan parannus, jonka avulla robotin suunta muuttuu, jos se törmää seinään.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nnopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    \n    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää nyt tältä:</p><img src=\"/5dac9b07ba4879c217b0b35a817a727f/pygame_animaatio2.gif\"><p>Nyt ohjelmassa on uusi muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nopeus</code>, joka määrittää robotin liikkumistavan. Positiivinen nopeus tarkoittaa liikkumista oikealle ja negatiivinen nopeus tarkoittaa liikkumista vasemmalle. Tässä tapauksessa kun nopeus on 1, robotti liikkuu oikealle, ja kun nopeus on –1, robotti liikkuu vasemmalle.</p><p>Seuraavat rivit huolehtivat, että robotti osaa törmätä seinään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus</code></pre></div><p>Jos nopeus on positiivinen eli robotti liikkuu oikealle ja sen oikea reuna menee ikkunan oikean reunan ulkopuolelle, robotin suunta muuttuu käänteiseksi eli se alkaa liikkua vasemmalle. Vastaavasti jos nopeus on negatiivinen ja robotin vasen reuna menee ikkunan vasemman reunan ulkopuolelle, suunta muuttuu taas käänteiseksi eli robotti alkaa liikkua oikealle.</p><p>Tämän koodin ansiosta robotti jatkaa loputtomasti rataa, jossa se liikkuu ensin koko ikkunan verran oikealle, sitten takaisin vasemmalle, sitten taas oikealle, jne.</p><h2 id=\"pyoriva-animaatio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pyörivä animaatio<a href=\"#pyoriva-animaatio\" aria-label=\"pyoriva animaatio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä animaatio, jossa robotti <em>pyörii</em>  ikkunan keskipisteen ympärillä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>cos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kulma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.01</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/ce164a1f214ed31343271340f9157733/pygame_pyorinta.gif\"><p>Pyörimisanimaatio saadaan toteutettua trigonometrian avulla: muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">kulma</code> on radiaaneina robotin sijainnin kulma suhteessa ikkunan keskipisteeseen. Tästä saadaan laskettua sini- ja kosinifunktioilla robotin sijainti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>cos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että robotin sijainti on ympyrällä, jonka säde on 100. 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Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/b313e2cd6e747c9b47375655616b0e2d/pygame_kierto.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaksi robottia' tmcname='osa13-07_kaksi_robottia'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa kaksi robottia kulkee näytöllä vuorotellen oikealle ja vasemmalle. Alempi robotti kulkee tuplavauhtia. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/5b2b134a4afcdbaa9c11796d3cadb5e2/pygame_liike2.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Piirileikki' tmcname='osa13-08_piirileikki'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa on kymmenen robottia piirileikissä. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/c8832b391e97f55d98358c8f0e5bfd57/pygame_piiri.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pomppiva pallo' tmcname='osa13-09_pomppiva_pallo'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa pallo kimpoaa ikkunan reunoilta. 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Tästä saadaan laskettua sini- ja kosinifunktioilla robotin sijainti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"        x "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"320"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":"math"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"cos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kulma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-"}]},{"type":"text","value":"robo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"get_width"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"/"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        y "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"240"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":"math"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"sin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kulma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"*"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-"}]},{"type":"text","value":"robo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"get_height"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"/"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä tarkoittaa, että robotin sijainti on ympyrällä, jonka säde on 100. Kosini antaa x-suuntaisen sijainnin ja sini puolestaan y-suuntaisen sijainnin. Jotta animaatio näyttää hyvältä, robotti lisäksi keskitetään niin, että sen keskipiste on ympyrällä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Joka kierroksella muuttujan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kulma"}]},{"type":"text","value":" arvo kasvaa 0.01:llä. Koska radiaaneissa täysi ympyrä on 2π eli noin 6.28, robotti pyörii suunnilleen kierroksen verran 10 sekunnissa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Pystyliike","tmcname":"osa13-05_pystyliike"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee animaatio, jossa robotti liikkuu vuorotellen ylös ja alas. 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Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/5b2b134a4afcdbaa9c11796d3cadb5e2/pygame_liike2.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Piirileikki","tmcname":"osa13-08_piirileikki"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee animaatio, jossa on kymmenen robottia piirileikissä. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/c8832b391e97f55d98358c8f0e5bfd57/pygame_piiri.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Pomppiva pallo","tmcname":"osa13-09_pomppiva_pallo"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee animaatio, jossa pallo kimpoaa ikkunan reunoilta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/e9503906920a8a19bc3a33143b0dde81/pygame_pallo.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on palloa varten kuvatiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pallo.png"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Robotti-invaasio","tmcname":"osa13-10_robotti_invaasio"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee animaatio, jossa taivaalta tippuu satunnaisesti robotteja. Kun robotti laskeutuu maahan, se lähtee joko vasemmalle tai oikealle ja katoaa lopuksi ruudulta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/23bd928da4c554324efdf7de4806cc60/pygame_invaasio.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten voi toteuttaa animaation</li>\n<li>Osaat tahdistaa ohjelman nopeuden kellon avulla</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää trigonometriaa animaatiossa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Monissa peleissä on tarvetta saada aikaan liikkuvia hahmoja, joten seuraava luonteva askel on opetella animaation tekeminen. Animaatio syntyy, kun kuva piirretään eri kohtiin näytöllä sopivasti ajastettuna.</p><h2 id=\"animaation-tekeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Animaation tekeminen<a href=\"#animaation-tekeminen\" aria-label=\"animaation tekeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi luo animaation, jossa robotti kulkee vasemmalta oikealle ikkunassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/e0ac2065e7c54214a7440186eb4b9a5b/pygame_animaatio.gif\"><p>Katsotaan taas tarkemmin, mitä ohjelmassa tapahtuu. Jotta kuva pystyy liikkumaan, ohjelmassa täytyy olla tieto sen paikasta. Tämä onnistuu ottamalla käyttöön kaksi muuttujaa, jotka sisältävät kuvan vasemman yläkulman koordinaatit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän lisäksi määritellään kello, jonka avulla pystyy huolehtimaan siitä, että animaation nopeus on sopiva:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pääsilmukan sisällä on koodi, joka piirtää kuvan sen nykyiseen paikkaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ensin kutsutaan metodia <code class=\"language-text\">fill</code>, joka tyhjentää ikkunan mustalla värillä. Väri määritellään RGB-muodossa parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">(0, 0, 0)</code>, mikä tarkoittaa, että värin punainen, vihreä ja sininen komponentti on 0 eli väri on musta. Jokainen komponentti voi olla välillä 0–255. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">(255, 255, 255)</code> on valkoinen ja <code class=\"language-text\">(255, 0, 0)</code> on punainen. Verkossa on monia työkaluja, joiden avulla voi tutkia RGB-värejä, kuten <a href=\"https://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RGB Color Codes Chart</a>.</p><p>Tämän jälkeen kuva piirretään tuttuun tapaan metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">blit</code> ja lopuksi ikkunan sisältö päivitetään funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.display.flip</code>.</p><p>Silmukan päätteeksi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> arvo kasvaa, minkä ansiosta kuva liikkuu pikselin eteenpäin joka kierroksella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäksi silmukan lopussa suoritetaan kellon metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> huolehtii siitä, että animaation nopeus on sopiva: se tahdistaa silmukan niin, että silmukka pyritään suorittamaan 60 kertaa sekunnissa. Toisin sanoen kuva liikkuu sekunnissa 60 pikseliä oikealle. Tämä vastaa suunnilleen pelien yhteydessä käytettävää termiä <em>FPS</em> (<em>frames per second</em>).</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> on hyödyllinen, koska sen avulla animaatio toimii periaatteessa yhtä nopeasti jokaisella koneella. Jos silmukassa ei olisi tällaista ajastusta, pelin nopeus riippuisi siitä, kuinka nopeasti pelaajan kone toimii.</p><h2 id=\"seinaan-tormaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Seinään törmääminen<a href=\"#seinaan-tormaaminen\" aria-label=\"seinaan tormaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Äskeinen animaatio on muuten hieno, mutta kun robotti etenee ikkunan ulkopuolelle, animaatio jatkuu ja robotti katoaa näkyvistä. Tehdään seuraavaksi ohjelmaan parannus, jonka avulla robotin suunta muuttuu, jos se törmää seinään.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nnopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    \n    x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää nyt tältä:</p><img src=\"/5dac9b07ba4879c217b0b35a817a727f/pygame_animaatio2.gif\"><p>Nyt ohjelmassa on uusi muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nopeus</code>, joka määrittää robotin liikkumistavan. Positiivinen nopeus tarkoittaa liikkumista oikealle ja negatiivinen nopeus tarkoittaa liikkumista vasemmalle. Tässä tapauksessa kun nopeus on 1, robotti liikkuu oikealle, ja kun nopeus on –1, robotti liikkuu vasemmalle.</p><p>Seuraavat rivit huolehtivat, että robotti osaa törmätä seinään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        nopeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nopeus</code></pre></div><p>Jos nopeus on positiivinen eli robotti liikkuu oikealle ja sen oikea reuna menee ikkunan oikean reunan ulkopuolelle, robotin suunta muuttuu käänteiseksi eli se alkaa liikkua vasemmalle. Vastaavasti jos nopeus on negatiivinen ja robotin vasen reuna menee ikkunan vasemman reunan ulkopuolelle, suunta muuttuu taas käänteiseksi eli robotti alkaa liikkua oikealle.</p><p>Tämän koodin ansiosta robotti jatkaa loputtomasti rataa, jossa se liikkuu ensin koko ikkunan verran oikealle, sitten takaisin vasemmalle, sitten taas oikealle, jne.</p><h2 id=\"pyoriva-animaatio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pyörivä animaatio<a href=\"#pyoriva-animaatio\" aria-label=\"pyoriva animaatio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä animaatio, jossa robotti <em>pyörii</em>  ikkunan keskipisteen ympärillä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>cos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kulma <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.01</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/ce164a1f214ed31343271340f9157733/pygame_pyorinta.gif\"><p>Pyörimisanimaatio saadaan toteutettua trigonometrian avulla: muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">kulma</code> on radiaaneina robotin sijainnin kulma suhteessa ikkunan keskipisteeseen. Tästä saadaan laskettua sini- ja kosinifunktioilla robotin sijainti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">320</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>cos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">240</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että robotin sijainti on ympyrällä, jonka säde on 100. Kosini antaa x-suuntaisen sijainnin ja sini puolestaan y-suuntaisen sijainnin. Jotta animaatio näyttää hyvältä, robotti lisäksi keskitetään niin, että sen keskipiste on ympyrällä.</p><p>Joka kierroksella muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">kulma</code> arvo kasvaa 0.01:llä. Koska radiaaneissa täysi ympyrä on 2π eli noin 6.28, robotti pyörii suunnilleen kierroksen verran 10 sekunnissa.</p><programming-exercise name='Pystyliike' tmcname='osa13-05_pystyliike'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa robotti liikkuu vuorotellen ylös ja alas. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/7dfa8e1aefab9c5f0586d8148b819543/pygame_pysty.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Reunan kierto' tmcname='osa13-06_reunan_kierto'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa robotti kiertää ympäri ikkunan reunaa. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/b313e2cd6e747c9b47375655616b0e2d/pygame_kierto.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaksi robottia' tmcname='osa13-07_kaksi_robottia'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa kaksi robottia kulkee näytöllä vuorotellen oikealle ja vasemmalle. Alempi robotti kulkee tuplavauhtia. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/5b2b134a4afcdbaa9c11796d3cadb5e2/pygame_liike2.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Piirileikki' tmcname='osa13-08_piirileikki'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa on kymmenen robottia piirileikissä. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/c8832b391e97f55d98358c8f0e5bfd57/pygame_piiri.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Pomppiva pallo' tmcname='osa13-09_pomppiva_pallo'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa pallo kimpoaa ikkunan reunoilta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/e9503906920a8a19bc3a33143b0dde81/pygame_pallo.gif\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on palloa varten kuvatiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">pallo.png</code>.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Robotti-invaasio' tmcname='osa13-10_robotti_invaasio'><p>Tee animaatio, jossa taivaalta tippuu satunnaisesti robotteja. Kun robotti laskeutuu maahan, se lähtee joko vasemmalle tai oikealle ja katoaa lopuksi ruudulta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/23bd928da4c554324efdf7de4806cc60/pygame_invaasio.gif\"></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-13/2-animaatio","title":"Animaatio"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-13/2-animaatio.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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hiiri","tmcname":"osa13-14_robotti_ja_hiiri"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, jossa robotti seuraa hiirtä niin, että robotin keskikohta on aina hiiren kohdalla. 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Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/93991031970283be78df3ba4341a7362/pygame_robotti_paikka.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet tutustunut Pygamen tapahtumiin</li>\n<li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee näppäimistön painalluksia</li>\n<li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee hiiren tapahtumia</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän asti olemme toteuttaneet Pygame-ohjelman pääsilmukan niin, että se käy läpi tapahtumat ja tunnistaa tapahtuman <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code>, mutta ei käsittele muita tapahtumia. Nyt on aika tutustua tarkemmin tapahtumien käsittelyyn.</p><h2 id=\"tapahtumien-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tapahtumien käsittely<a href=\"#tapahtumien-kasittely\" aria-label=\"tapahtumien kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi näyttää, mitä tapahtumia syntyy ohjelman suorituksen aikana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelmaa käytetään hetki, se voi tulostaa esimerkiksi seuraavanlaisia tapahtumia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (495, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (495, 274), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (494, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-1, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (492, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-2, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-1, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(5-MouseButtonDown {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;button&#39;: 1, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(6-MouseButtonUp {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;button&#39;: 1, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;a&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 97, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 38, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 97, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 38, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;b&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 98, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 56, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 98, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 56, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;c&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 99, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 54, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 99, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 54, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(12-Quit {})&gt;</code></pre></div><p>Tässä ensimmäiset tapahtumat liittyvät hiiren käyttämiseen, seuraavat tapahtumat näppäimistön käyttämiseen ja viimeinen tapahtuma sulkee ohjelman. Jokaisella tapahtumalla on tyyppi ja mahdollisesti lisätietoa, josta voi päätellä esimerkiksi hiiren sijainnin tai painetun näppäimen.</p><p>Tapahtumia voi etsiä Pygamen dokumentaatiosta mutta usein tehokas tapa löytää sopiva tapahtuma on käyttää yllä olevaa koodia ja tutkia, millainen tapahtuma syntyy, kun ohjelmassa tapahtuu haluttu asia.</p><h2 id=\"nappaimiston-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Näppäimistön käsittely<a href=\"#nappaimiston-kasittely\" aria-label=\"nappaimiston kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma tunnistaa tapahtumat, joissa käyttäjä painaa oikealle tai vasemmalle nuolinäppäintä. Ohjelma tulostaa testiksi tiedon näppäimen painamisesta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vasemmalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"oikealle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä vakiot <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.K_LEFT</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.K_RIGHT</code> tarkoittavat nuolinäppäimiä vasemmalle ja oikealle. Näppäimistön eri näppäimiä vastaavat vakiot on listattu <a href=\"https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/key.html#key-constants-label\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pygamen dokumentaatiossa</a>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun käyttäjä painaa ensin kahdesti oikealle, sitten kerran vasemmalle ja lopuksi kerran oikealle, ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">oikealle\noikealle\nvasemmalle\noikealle</code></pre></div><p>Voimme nyt tehdä ohjelman, jossa käyttäjä pystyy liikuttamaan hahmoa oikealle ja vasemmalle nuolinäppäimillä. Tämä onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                x <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/aac8387e39d3bb4adbfc1c36cae57345/pygame_liikutus.gif\"><p>Tässä muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> sisältävät hahmon sijainnin. Käyttäjä pystyy muuttamaan muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, ja muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> on asetettu niin, että hahmo on ikkunan alalaidassa. Kun käyttäjä painaa vasemmalle tai oikealle nuolinäppäintä, hahmo liikkuu vastaavasti 10 pikseliä oikealle tai vasemmalle.</p><p>Yllä oleva ohjelma toimii muuten hyvin, mutta pelikokemuksessa on puutteena, että näppäintä pitää painaa uudestaan aina, kun haluaa liikkua askeleen oikealle tai vasemmalle. Olisi parempi, että voi pitää näppäintä pohjassa ja hahmo liikkuu niin kauan, kuin näppäin on pohjassa. Seuraava koodi mahdollistaa tämän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\noikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\nvasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                vasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                oikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYUP<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                vasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                oikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> oikealle<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vasemmalle<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodissa on nyt muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">oikealle</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vasemmalle</code>, joissa pidetään tietoa siitä, kuuluuko hahmon liikkua tällä hetkellä oikealle tai vasemmalle. Kun käyttäjä painaa alas nuolinäppäimen, vastaava muuttuja saa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, ja kun käyttäjä nostaa alas nuolinäppäimen, vastaava muuttuja saa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Hahmon liike on tahdistettu kellon avulla niin, että liikkumista tapahtuu 60 kertaa sekunnissa. Jos nuolinäppäin on alhaalla, hahmo liikkuu 2 pikseliä oikealle tai vasemmalle. Tämän seurauksena hahmo liikkuu 120 pikseliä sekunnissa, jos nuolinäppäin on painettuna.</p><programming-exercise name='Neljä suuntaa' tmcname='osa13-11_nelja_suuntaa'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa pelaaja pystyy ohjaamaan robottia neljään suuntaan nuolinäppäimillä. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/0461dfa5cb7291b279185dba96dfd819/pygame_nelja_suuntaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Neljä seinää' tmcname='osa13-12_nelja_seinaa'><p>Paranna edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että robotti ei pysty menemään ikkunan ulkopuolelle mistään reunasta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/bddcb9af6c636563eea121e3360b7b37/pygame_nelja_seinaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaksi pelaajaa' tmcname='osa13-13_kaksi_pelaajaa'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa kaksi pelaajaa voi ohjata omia robottejaan. Toinen pelaaja käyttää nuolinäppäimiä ja toinen esimerkiksi w-s-a-d. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/57101a815ad1b5363307bc90dc112da6/pygame_kaksi_pelaajaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"hiiren-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hiiren käsittely<a href=\"#hiiren-kasittely\" aria-label=\"hiiren kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi tunnistaa tapahtumat, jossa käyttäjä painaa hiiren nappia ikkunan alueella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEBUTTONDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"painoit nappia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>button<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohdassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">painoit nappia 1 kohdassa (82, 135)\npainoit nappia 1 kohdassa (369, 135)\npainoit nappia 1 kohdassa (269, 297)\npainoit nappia 3 kohdassa (515, 324)</code></pre></div><p>Tässä nappi 1 tarkoittaa hiiren vasenta nappia ja nappi 3 tarkoittaa hiiren oikeaa nappia.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma yhdistää hiiren käsittelyn ja kuvan piirtämisen. Kun käyttäjä painaa hiirellä ikkunan alueella, robotti piirretään hiiren kohtaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEBUTTONDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n            naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/a41511bd13655f68553cc7e34de61edf/pygame_hiiri.gif\"><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan toteuttaa animaation, jossa robotti seuraa hiirtä. Robotin sijainti on muuttujissa <code class=\"language-text\">robo_x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robo_y</code>, ja kun hiiri liikkuu, sen sijainti merkitään muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">kohde_x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kohde_y</code>. Jos robotti ei ole hiiren kohdalla, se liikkuu sopivaan suuntaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nrobo_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkohde_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkohde_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEMOTION<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            kohde_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            kohde_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> robo_x <span class=\"token operator\">></span> kohde_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robo_x <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> robo_x <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> kohde_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robo_x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> robo_y <span class=\"token operator\">></span> kohde_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robo_y <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> robo_y <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> kohde_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robo_y <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> robo_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/cd4d53df2a1564c181f38b7a2d45e7c9/pygame_hiiri2.gif\"><programming-exercise name='Robotti ja hiiri' tmcname='osa13-14_robotti_ja_hiiri'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa robotti seuraa hiirtä niin, että robotin keskikohta on aina hiiren kohdalla. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/58d3b2e994913c8089688bcde5e4ed86/pygame_robotti_hiiri.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Robotin paikka' tmcname='osa13-15_robotin_paikka'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa robotti on satunnaisessa paikassa ikkunassa. Kun pelaaja painaa hiirellä robotista, se siirtyy aina uuteen paikkaan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/93991031970283be78df3ba4341a7362/pygame_robotti_paikka.gif\"></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-13/3-tapahtumat","title":"Tapahtumat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-13/3-tapahtumat.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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pygame"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"display"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"flip"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n    kello"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"tick"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"60"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/cd4d53df2a1564c181f38b7a2d45e7c9/pygame_hiiri2.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Robotti ja hiiri","tmcname":"osa13-14_robotti_ja_hiiri"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, jossa robotti seuraa hiirtä niin, että robotin keskikohta on aina hiiren kohdalla. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/58d3b2e994913c8089688bcde5e4ed86/pygame_robotti_hiiri.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Robotin paikka","tmcname":"osa13-15_robotin_paikka"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, jossa robotti on satunnaisessa paikassa ikkunassa. Kun pelaaja painaa hiirellä robotista, se siirtyy aina uuteen paikkaan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/93991031970283be78df3ba4341a7362/pygame_robotti_paikka.gif"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Olet tutustunut Pygamen tapahtumiin</li>\n<li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee näppäimistön painalluksia</li>\n<li>Osaat tehdä ohjelman, joka lukee hiiren tapahtumia</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän asti olemme toteuttaneet Pygame-ohjelman pääsilmukan niin, että se käy läpi tapahtumat ja tunnistaa tapahtuman <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.QUIT</code>, mutta ei käsittele muita tapahtumia. Nyt on aika tutustua tarkemmin tapahtumien käsittelyyn.</p><h2 id=\"tapahtumien-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tapahtumien käsittely<a href=\"#tapahtumien-kasittely\" aria-label=\"tapahtumien kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi näyttää, mitä tapahtumia syntyy ohjelman suorituksen aikana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelmaa käytetään hetki, se voi tulostaa esimerkiksi seuraavanlaisia tapahtumia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (495, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (495, 274), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (494, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-1, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (492, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-2, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(4-MouseMotion {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;rel&#39;: (-1, 0), &#39;buttons&#39;: (0, 0, 0), &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(5-MouseButtonDown {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;button&#39;: 1, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(6-MouseButtonUp {&#39;pos&#39;: (491, 274), &#39;button&#39;: 1, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;a&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 97, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 38, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 97, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 38, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;b&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 98, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 56, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 98, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 56, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(2-KeyDown {&#39;unicode&#39;: &#39;c&#39;, &#39;key&#39;: 99, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 54, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(3-KeyUp {&#39;key&#39;: 99, &#39;mod&#39;: 0, &#39;scancode&#39;: 54, &#39;window&#39;: None})&gt;\n&lt;Event(12-Quit {})&gt;</code></pre></div><p>Tässä ensimmäiset tapahtumat liittyvät hiiren käyttämiseen, seuraavat tapahtumat näppäimistön käyttämiseen ja viimeinen tapahtuma sulkee ohjelman. Jokaisella tapahtumalla on tyyppi ja mahdollisesti lisätietoa, josta voi päätellä esimerkiksi hiiren sijainnin tai painetun näppäimen.</p><p>Tapahtumia voi etsiä Pygamen dokumentaatiosta mutta usein tehokas tapa löytää sopiva tapahtuma on käyttää yllä olevaa koodia ja tutkia, millainen tapahtuma syntyy, kun ohjelmassa tapahtuu haluttu asia.</p><h2 id=\"nappaimiston-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Näppäimistön käsittely<a href=\"#nappaimiston-kasittely\" aria-label=\"nappaimiston kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma tunnistaa tapahtumat, joissa käyttäjä painaa oikealle tai vasemmalle nuolinäppäintä. Ohjelma tulostaa testiksi tiedon näppäimen painamisesta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vasemmalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"oikealle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä vakiot <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.K_LEFT</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.K_RIGHT</code> tarkoittavat nuolinäppäimiä vasemmalle ja oikealle. Näppäimistön eri näppäimiä vastaavat vakiot on listattu <a href=\"https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/key.html#key-constants-label\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pygamen dokumentaatiossa</a>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kun käyttäjä painaa ensin kahdesti oikealle, sitten kerran vasemmalle ja lopuksi kerran oikealle, ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">oikealle\noikealle\nvasemmalle\noikealle</code></pre></div><p>Voimme nyt tehdä ohjelman, jossa käyttäjä pystyy liikuttamaan hahmoa oikealle ja vasemmalle nuolinäppäimillä. Tämä onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                x <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/aac8387e39d3bb4adbfc1c36cae57345/pygame_liikutus.gif\"><p>Tässä muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> sisältävät hahmon sijainnin. Käyttäjä pystyy muuttamaan muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, ja muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> on asetettu niin, että hahmo on ikkunan alalaidassa. Kun käyttäjä painaa vasemmalle tai oikealle nuolinäppäintä, hahmo liikkuu vastaavasti 10 pikseliä oikealle tai vasemmalle.</p><p>Yllä oleva ohjelma toimii muuten hyvin, mutta pelikokemuksessa on puutteena, että näppäintä pitää painaa uudestaan aina, kun haluaa liikkua askeleen oikealle tai vasemmalle. Olisi parempi, että voi pitää näppäintä pohjassa ja hahmo liikkuu niin kauan, kuin näppäin on pohjassa. Seuraava koodi mahdollistaa tämän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\noikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\nvasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                vasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                oikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYUP<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                vasemmalle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                oikealle <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> oikealle<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vasemmalle<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodissa on nyt muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">oikealle</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vasemmalle</code>, joissa pidetään tietoa siitä, kuuluuko hahmon liikkua tällä hetkellä oikealle tai vasemmalle. Kun käyttäjä painaa alas nuolinäppäimen, vastaava muuttuja saa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, ja kun käyttäjä nostaa alas nuolinäppäimen, vastaava muuttuja saa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Hahmon liike on tahdistettu kellon avulla niin, että liikkumista tapahtuu 60 kertaa sekunnissa. Jos nuolinäppäin on alhaalla, hahmo liikkuu 2 pikseliä oikealle tai vasemmalle. Tämän seurauksena hahmo liikkuu 120 pikseliä sekunnissa, jos nuolinäppäin on painettuna.</p><programming-exercise name='Neljä suuntaa' tmcname='osa13-11_nelja_suuntaa'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa pelaaja pystyy ohjaamaan robottia neljään suuntaan nuolinäppäimillä. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/0461dfa5cb7291b279185dba96dfd819/pygame_nelja_suuntaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Neljä seinää' tmcname='osa13-12_nelja_seinaa'><p>Paranna edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että robotti ei pysty menemään ikkunan ulkopuolelle mistään reunasta. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/bddcb9af6c636563eea121e3360b7b37/pygame_nelja_seinaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaksi pelaajaa' tmcname='osa13-13_kaksi_pelaajaa'><p>Tee ohjelma, jossa kaksi pelaajaa voi ohjata omia robottejaan. Toinen pelaaja käyttää nuolinäppäimiä ja toinen esimerkiksi w-s-a-d. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/57101a815ad1b5363307bc90dc112da6/pygame_kaksi_pelaajaa.gif\"></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"hiiren-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hiiren käsittely<a href=\"#hiiren-kasittely\" aria-label=\"hiiren kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava koodi tunnistaa tapahtumat, jossa käyttäjä painaa hiiren nappia ikkunan alueella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEBUTTONDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"painoit nappia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>button<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohdassa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">painoit nappia 1 kohdassa (82, 135)\npainoit nappia 1 kohdassa (369, 135)\npainoit nappia 1 kohdassa (269, 297)\npainoit nappia 3 kohdassa (515, 324)</code></pre></div><p>Tässä nappi 1 tarkoittaa hiiren vasenta nappia ja nappi 3 tarkoittaa hiiren oikeaa nappia.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma yhdistää hiiren käsittelyn ja kuvan piirtämisen. Kun käyttäjä painaa hiirellä ikkunan alueella, robotti piirretään hiiren kohtaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEBUTTONDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n            naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus voi näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/a41511bd13655f68553cc7e34de61edf/pygame_hiiri.gif\"><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan toteuttaa animaation, jossa robotti seuraa hiirtä. Robotin sijainti on muuttujissa <code class=\"language-text\">robo_x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robo_y</code>, ja kun hiiri liikkuu, sen sijainti merkitään muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">kohde_x</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kohde_y</code>. Jos robotti ei ole hiiren kohdalla, se liikkuu sopivaan suuntaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"robo.png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nrobo_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nrobo_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkohde_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nkohde_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\nkello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>time<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Clock<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>MOUSEMOTION<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            kohde_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            kohde_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pos<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> robo_x <span class=\"token operator\">></span> kohde_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n      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tapahtuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"type"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pygame"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"QUIT"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n            exit"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pygame.font.SysFont"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"render"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti \"Moikka!\" punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää metodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pygame.font.Font"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jolle annetaan hakemistossa olevan fonttitiedoston nimi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"tehtavat","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtävät"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#tehtavat","ariaLabel":"tehtavat permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä on pari vaikeampaa tehtävää, joiden avulla voit harjoitella lisää tämän luvun asioita."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kello","tmcname":"osa13-16_kello"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka näyttää graafisesti kellonajan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/0e95a9664e02d0dd939be3ebfd4725d5/pygame_kello.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Asteroidit","tmcname":"osa13-17_asteroidit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee peli, jossa pelaaja ohjaa robottia vasemmalle ja oikealle ja tavoitteena on kerätä taivaalta putoavia asteroideja. Pelaaja saa pisteen jokaisesta kerätystä asteroidista, ja pistemäärä näytetään ikkunan ylälaidassa. Peli päättyy, kun pelaaja ei saa kiinni asteroidia. Pelin tulisi näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/589bb5f7fafc7f948dfab758f0bd6273/pygame_asteroidit.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on asteroidia varten kuvatiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi.png"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a294aaeb-6a75-512e-9560-22e538e4cb87"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten ikkunan otsikkoa voi muuttaa</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää kuvioita Pygamessa</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan myös tekstiä</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"ikkunan-otsikko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ikkunan otsikko<a href=\"#ikkunan-otsikko\" aria-label=\"ikkunan otsikko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelma näyttää ammattimaisemmalta, jos ikkunan otsikkopalkissa ei lue \"pygame window\" vaan ohjelman todellinen nimi. Tämä onnistuu näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suuri seikkailu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"kuvioiden-piirtaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuvioiden piirtäminen<a href=\"#kuvioiden-piirtaminen\" aria-label=\"kuvioiden piirtaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo kuvan, jossa on suorakulmio, ympyrä ja viiva:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rect<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">250</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>circle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>line<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">80</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">120</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">300</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">160</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/9a7380e2e818c94a080d41344f073d5a/pygame_kuviot.gif\"><h2 id=\"tekstin-piirtaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tekstin piirtäminen<a href=\"#tekstin-piirtaminen\" aria-label=\"tekstin piirtaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tekstin piirtäminen tapahtuu Pygame-kirjastossa niin, että ensin luodaan tekstiä vastaava kuva ja sen jälkeen piirretään kuva näytölle. Seuraava ohjelma esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nfontti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>font<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>SysFont<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arial\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nteksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif\"><p>Tässä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.font.SysFont</code> luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi <code class=\"language-text\">render</code> luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti \"Moikka!\" punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.font.Font</code>, jolle annetaan hakemistossa olevan fonttitiedoston nimi.</p><h2 id=\"tehtavat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tehtävät<a href=\"#tehtavat\" aria-label=\"tehtavat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä on pari vaikeampaa tehtävää, joiden avulla voit harjoitella lisää tämän luvun asioita.</p><programming-exercise name='Kello' tmcname='osa13-16_kello'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka näyttää graafisesti kellonajan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/0e95a9664e02d0dd939be3ebfd4725d5/pygame_kello.gif\"></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Asteroidit' tmcname='osa13-17_asteroidit'><p>Tee peli, jossa pelaaja ohjaa robottia vasemmalle ja oikealle ja tavoitteena on kerätä taivaalta putoavia asteroideja. Pelaaja saa pisteen jokaisesta kerätystä asteroidista, ja pistemäärä näytetään ikkunan ylälaidassa. Peli päättyy, kun pelaaja ei saa kiinni asteroidia. Pelin tulisi näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/589bb5f7fafc7f948dfab758f0bd6273/pygame_asteroidit.gif\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on asteroidia varten kuvatiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">kivi.png</code>.</p></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"a294aaeb-6a75-512e-9560-22e538e4cb87\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-13/4-lisaa-tekniikoita","title":"Lisää tekniikoita"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-13/4-lisaa-tekniikoita.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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exit"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pygame.font.SysFont"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"render"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti \"Moikka!\" punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää metodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pygame.font.Font"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jolle annetaan hakemistossa olevan fonttitiedoston nimi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"tehtavat","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtävät"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#tehtavat","ariaLabel":"tehtavat permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä on pari vaikeampaa tehtävää, joiden avulla voit harjoitella lisää tämän luvun asioita."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kello","tmcname":"osa13-16_kello"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka näyttää graafisesti kellonajan. Ohjelman suorituksen tulee näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/0e95a9664e02d0dd939be3ebfd4725d5/pygame_kello.gif"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Asteroidit","tmcname":"osa13-17_asteroidit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee peli, jossa pelaaja ohjaa robottia vasemmalle ja oikealle ja tavoitteena on kerätä taivaalta putoavia asteroideja. Pelaaja saa pisteen jokaisesta kerätystä asteroidista, ja pistemäärä näytetään ikkunan ylälaidassa. Peli päättyy, kun pelaaja ei saa kiinni asteroidia. Pelin tulisi näyttää tältä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"src":"/589bb5f7fafc7f948dfab758f0bd6273/pygame_asteroidit.gif"},"children":[]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on asteroidia varten kuvatiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kivi.png"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a294aaeb-6a75-512e-9560-22e538e4cb87"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten ikkunan otsikkoa voi muuttaa</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää kuvioita Pygamessa</li>\n<li>Osaat piirtää ikkunaan myös tekstiä</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"ikkunan-otsikko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ikkunan otsikko<a href=\"#ikkunan-otsikko\" aria-label=\"ikkunan otsikko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelma näyttää ammattimaisemmalta, jos ikkunan otsikkopalkissa ei lue \"pygame window\" vaan ohjelman todellinen nimi. Tämä onnistuu näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suuri seikkailu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"kuvioiden-piirtaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuvioiden piirtäminen<a href=\"#kuvioiden-piirtaminen\" aria-label=\"kuvioiden piirtaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo kuvan, jossa on suorakulmio, ympyrä ja viiva:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rect<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">250</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>circle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>line<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">80</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">120</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">300</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">160</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos näyttää tältä:</p><img src=\"/9a7380e2e818c94a080d41344f073d5a/pygame_kuviot.gif\"><h2 id=\"tekstin-piirtaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tekstin piirtäminen<a href=\"#tekstin-piirtaminen\" aria-label=\"tekstin piirtaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tekstin piirtäminen tapahtuu Pygame-kirjastossa niin, että ensin luodaan tekstiä vastaava kuva ja sen jälkeen piirretään kuva näytölle. Seuraava ohjelma esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">640</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">480</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nfontti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>font<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>SysFont<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arial\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nteksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnaytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><img src=\"/ff536f08ddabdda8d522cc90c967ca8e/pygame_teksti.gif\"><p>Tässä metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.font.SysFont</code> luo fonttiolion, joka käyttää järjestelmän fonttia Arial kokona 24. Tämän jälkeen olion metodi <code class=\"language-text\">render</code> luo kuvan, jossa lukee teksti \"Moikka!\" punaisella värillä, ja tämä kuva piirretään ikkunaan.</p><p>Huomaa, että eri järjestelmissä on saatavilla eri fontit. Jos järjestelmässä ei ole fonttia Arial (mikä tosin on yleinen fontti), yllä oleva koodi käyttää sen sijasta järjestelmän oletusfonttia. Toinen mahdollisuus on käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">pygame.font.Font</code>, jolle annetaan hakemistossa olevan fonttitiedoston nimi.</p><h2 id=\"tehtavat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tehtävät<a href=\"#tehtavat\" aria-label=\"tehtavat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä on pari vaikeampaa tehtävää, joiden avulla voit harjoitella lisää tämän luvun asioita.</p><programming-exercise name='Kello' tmcname='osa13-16_kello'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka näyttää graafisesti kellonajan. 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Tässä tilanteessa peli sulkee itsensä kutsumalla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"exit"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-funktiota."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Näytön piirtäminen toteutetaan käymällä ruudukon sisältö ja piirtämällä jokaista ruutua vastaava kuva oikeaan paikkaan."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että koordinaatteja x ja y käytetään eri päin eri tilanteissa. Kaksiulotteisen listan indeksoinnissa on luontevaa antaa ensin y ja sitten x, koska ensimmäinen indeksi tarkoittaa riviä ja toinen indeksi tarkoittaa saraketta. Kuitenkin Pygamen metodeissa annetaan ensin x ja y, kuten grafiikassa on yleensä tapana."}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<p>Tässä osassa tehdään Pygamen avulla hieman laajempi peli, joka on muunnelma perinteisestä Sokoban-pelistä. Pelaaja ohjaa ruudukossa olevaa robottia, jonka tehtävänä on työntää laatikot oikeille paikoille käyttäen mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>\n<p>Lopullinen peli tulee näyttämään tältä:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 852px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 44.34782608695652%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/a0b58/peli.webp 230w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/bc10c/peli.webp 460w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/39392/peli.webp 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/81c8e/peli.png 230w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/08a84/peli.png 460w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png\" alt=\"peli\" title=\"peli\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<h2 id=\"pelin-pohja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin pohja<a href=\"#pelin-pohja\" aria-label=\"pelin pohja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Aloitetaan tekemällä pelille pohja, joka piirtää näkyviin pelin aloitustilanteen. Toteutamme pelin luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Sokoban</code>, jonka sisällä on pelissä tarvittavat toiminnot. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa luokan sisältö on seuraava:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sokoban</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n        nayton_leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sokoban\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>silmukka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_kuvat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lattia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohde\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"laatikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"robo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"valmis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohderobo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">silmukka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tutki_tapahtumat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piirra_naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    Sokoban<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tämä saa aikaan ikkunan, jossa on pelin aloitustilanne. Katsotaan seuraavaksi tarkemmin luokassa olevaa koodia.</p>\n<h2 id=\"konstruktori\" style=\"position:relative;\">Konstruktori<a href=\"#konstruktori\" aria-label=\"konstruktori permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Luokan konstruktori aloittaa Pygamen käyttämisen, alustaa pelissä tarvittavia muuttujia ja tietorakenteita sekä lopuksi kutsuu metodia, jossa on pelin pääsilmukka.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n        nayton_leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sokoban\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>silmukka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_kuvat</code> lataa listaan <code class=\"language-text\">kuvat</code> pelin käyttämät kuvat ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_peli</code> luo kaksiulotteisen listan <code class=\"language-text\">kartta</code>, jossa on kuvattu ruudukon sisältö alussa.</p>\n<p>Tämän jälkeen muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">korkeus</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">leveys</code> laitetaan ruudukon korkeus ja leveys ja muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">skaala</code> laitetaan yhden ruudun koko. Koska jokainen kuva on neliön muotoinen ja yhtä suuri, ruudun koko saadaan hakemalla ensimmäisen kuvan leveys. Tämän avulla saadaan laskettua näytön korkeus ja leveys, minkä avulla voidaan luoda sopivan kokoinen ikkuna pelille.</p>\n<h2 id=\"kuvien-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuvien lataaminen<a href=\"#kuvien-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"kuvien lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_kuvat</code> lataa pelin tarvitsemat kuvat:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_kuvat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lattia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohde\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"laatikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"robo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"valmis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohderobo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Pelissä on käytössä seuraavat kuvat:</p>\n<h3 id=\"lattiaruutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lattiaruutu<a href=\"#lattiaruutu\" aria-label=\"lattiaruutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAO0lEQVQ4y2M4dOjQ/7Nnz1IFg8xiADGoBUBmwQ389+8fRZh+BpIKRg0cNXDUwMFp4OAtbahWwFK7CgAAGH0Lv64YzdcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/6ac13/lattia.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png\" alt=\"lattia\" title=\"lattia\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">lattia.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 0</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"seinaruutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Seinäruutu<a href=\"#seinaruutu\" aria-label=\"seinaruutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAASElEQVQ4y+3VMQoAMAgDwPhX/YSft0RwLrQZHQI6eGNEZpa7V0R8hQYtcAAgSVvUuZjZMzS3bQ2oyIILLrjgHZTVl7xg1S/gAHx86WTsjKFcAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/6ac13/seina.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png\" alt=\"seina\" title=\"seina\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">seina.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 1</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"kohderuutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kohderuutu<a href=\"#kohderuutu\" aria-label=\"kohderuutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABHElEQVQ4y7WVPQ6CUAzHWRw0yBG8gfEK3oCJlRNwB2/gBZzZPAU7I0zsbmiigQjav6nlgS+CUyVp0lfa3+vH4+EkSYI0TVWEWQ4rWg+zeiAR2fJ8gu53EL8z0ragpvn2JfoBZP3xGCBsK0vQ5WLbeMOPuHEgK00j+Z9OwG4HrNfAbAYsFoDvA3E81Gg2ngS2rThmGbBcAo4j4nmA6w7rIOiZ70xHgd1uyHPJhgPDUNa3G3C9AscjsNlY0OmSDXC7lYD9fnqcBhrHUnLXJhvIUhTiuFoBVSXB3AbOgKWuxcaZsp/v99O3gaa5h4M4RpEEmgEZYFfau3zu6XwOOp9BX+dQHahe8l+Gon5s1A/2Xz499ctB8/pSu2C1fwEvukCRvM6VtZAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/6ac13/kohde.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png\" alt=\"kohde\" title=\"kohde\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">kohde.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 2</li>\n<li>Robotin tulee siirtää jokin laatikko tähän ruutuun</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"laatikko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikko<a href=\"#laatikko\" aria-label=\"laatikko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVQ4y+2VPQqEMBCFvZxVjqAWAVN4CH8KtfEQQfAk9h5DC09go295Abcx7sIyWyzswIPATL6ZgckkGMcR0zSJiKyABykj6wnc9/0jyHEcThcgbds2zPOMZVneinHruvqBZ3XDMCAMQ2itEUUR4jj2ir4kSaCUctBLyyfQWossy9B1Heq6RtM0XtHHGEJZ6S2w73ukaeouFUVxqzzPHZSVsv2XQGMM2rZFWZaoqsorQpmU7f+BvwgUHRvxwRZ7euLL4WvrS2TBSn8BD7avDfrO6ztPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/6ac13/laatikko.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png\" alt=\"laatikko\" title=\"laatikko\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">laatikko.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 3</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"robotti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotti<a href=\"#robotti\" aria-label=\"robotti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAB/klEQVQ4y5VV0WraYBjttbe+QR+iF32KXvdOWOeckVEGveqtF71qi6CusDFW6sSQJcwNklFHEcHZGfsAjdFCQCiFQew6qugZ58OUIqY1Hxw8nnP+w5+QP1mp1+uwbTsUlmWh1WoJyJ/KsmuFJGxG9/d4oyjo93oCcmphw66Hwul0KphMJvLf8zx8Oj5G/uQEFVUVkFOjx2E2WPdsYdd18S6Xw/v1dXwtlwXk1OhFLnT7fXw4OsLHjQ2Yug7TMIRToxe50HEcfC6XYZ2f47tpCsip0Ytc2Lu6QuHwEJl4HMlYDK9iMSjxuGj0ol8y72GhgNzuLrKKIiCn5i57D4MQZ+j70DQNVdNEMpMRkFOj9zj75A7l+RuNkM1mUSwW8a1axRdNE5BTo8fM/LrQQt/3kUgkUKlU5ITwBBDk1Oj5s10uVTgcDpFKpVAqldBoNFCr1QTk1OgxE6nwxdYWVFVFs9l82CE5NXqRCv/e3iKztob8/j5+np1B13UBef7gQDxmlioMzGvPww/LQjqdhmEYAnJq17OzPL8mdIfBL+d1MonBYCAgD+ZxdulCPhgvd3bkZUCQj6IWBua/8Ri/9vbwdnUV7uWlgJwavWcveX7uxmOcbm/jdHMTf25uBOTU7maFC1+wiz4B7XYbHdtGx3Hwu9tF5+JCINxxxGNm0SfgP7rpf7Qvj0ecAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/6ac13/robo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png\" alt=\"robo\" title=\"robo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 4</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"laatikko-kohderuudussa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikko kohderuudussa<a href=\"#laatikko-kohderuudussa\" aria-label=\"laatikko kohderuudussa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/6ac13/valmis.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png\" alt=\"valmis\" title=\"valmis\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">valmis.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 5</li>\n<li>Laatikko on saatu siirrettyä kohderuutuun</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"kohderuutu-ja-robotti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kohderuutu ja robotti<a href=\"#kohderuutu-ja-robotti\" aria-label=\"kohderuutu ja robotti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAC2klEQVQ4y41VXUsiURiemyANL7wRgm4q6D9U0B+IgrroIvrAqDVNWWKLrK66qD9gVEOrbF9axvSlSxq2hS1tVtoH1NWoSwlLdhEkFY3ps5wz4/bl2B54Zp55z/s+877nnHeG8fv9CAaDsvB6vQgEAhSE5/IlWgwhckN4fMRnoxG/o1EKwolNbhCtf4LpdJoilUrR59jlJaZnZjA2Nwfn4iIF4cQWi8WoD/HNxH0oGL64ADs6Cmt5Odbm5ymsFRVgLRaEef4/BYmTVFLk5AS28XF8q6uDZ3kZnpUVym0si0g8LgomkzRGXjCZBM3v+Bh8SQkcHAfv/j6+ezwU3oMDOBwO8DqdKEjipCzfCz49iRmenwN5eYgqFBi3WmFSq6FTKtGpVMKoVlNblGGA2lpRULbkjGBVFcAwiJhMYB0OWMxmDBuNFJaBAbBTU4gUFVGf1OysWLIgZBEkF55Hiry9tBSJeBzc6ipc6+vQmUwULrcbnM+HhNUqCtbUiLHJ5BtBKbv05CR1FDo7McyymLBY4Ha5sMRxFO61NUx8/YrhwUEI+flAQQHSNzdiMrkEb1tboe3thdNupx1COoAgsLcH59IStPX1uCWVqFQyglLJaXK+GAYJjQZ6rRb2hQX83NnB5uYmBeF2pxP65mYkiGB1tRj3ruQXm4LKSurc3tSERY7Dr91d+Le3KQgntvaWFlFwejrHpmQEz85wp1LBpNFgzG7Hj60tLHu9FIST9jMpFLhraHjVYbIHm06FQoiXlWGjvx9dej1WhoYougwGbPT1IW40Pi+T7MGWWg+CIN6vroCeHhg6OvCnsJDC0NYG2GzPxyyzmbk+Di/PFVmZT2YzwqenFIQL0o6SJfq45BeTD4KAvZERfCkuRiQSoSCc2B6kF76NeSX4dtwnk/B1d8PX2Iib62sKwontXhLM+oHN9gs4PDxEKBhEiOdxEA4jdHREQTnP0znik+0X8BeOmjrCN4yzpAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/6ac13/kohderobo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png\" alt=\"kohderobo\" title=\"kohderobo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">kohderobo.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 6</li>\n<li>Robotti voi myös olla kohderuudussa</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"ruudukon-luonti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ruudukon luonti<a href=\"#ruudukon-luonti\" aria-label=\"ruudukon luonti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_peli</code> muodostaa ruudukon aloitustilanteen:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi luo kaksiulotteisen listan <code class=\"language-text\">kartta</code>, jossa käytetään kuvien tunnuksia samassa järjestyksessä kuin kuvat on ladattu listaan. Tämän avulla pelin muistissa on tieto siitä, mikä on ruudukon tilanne tällä hetkellä.</p>\n<p>Huomaa, että jokainen ruudukon luku on alussa välillä 0–4. Missään ruudussa ei ole lukua 5 tai 6, koska mikään laatikko tai robotti ei ole alussa kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"pelisilmukka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelisilmukka<a href=\"#pelisilmukka\" aria-label=\"pelisilmukka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelisilmukka kutsuu joka kierroksella kahta metodia: <code class=\"language-text\">tutki_tapahtumat</code> käy läpi viime kierroksen jälkeen syntyneet tapahtumat ja <code class=\"language-text\">piirra_naytto</code> päivittää näytön sisällön.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">silmukka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tutki_tapahtumat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piirra_naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tällä hetkellä ainoa pelin tunnistama tapahtuma on pelin sulkeminen (esimerkiksi pelaaja painaa ikkunassa olevaa raksia). Tässä tilanteessa peli sulkee itsensä kutsumalla <code class=\"language-text\">exit</code>-funktiota.</p>\n<p>Näytön piirtäminen toteutetaan käymällä ruudukon sisältö ja piirtämällä jokaista ruutua vastaava kuva oikeaan paikkaan.</p>\n<p>Huomaa, että koordinaatteja x ja y käytetään eri päin eri tilanteissa. Kaksiulotteisen listan indeksoinnissa on luontevaa antaa ensin y ja sitten x, koska ensimmäinen indeksi tarkoittaa riviä ja toinen indeksi tarkoittaa saraketta. Kuitenkin Pygamen metodeissa annetaan ensin x ja y, kuten grafiikassa on yleensä tapana.</p>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/1-peliprojekti","title":"Peliprojekti"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/1-peliprojekti.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Pelaaja ohjaa ruudukossa olevaa robottia, jonka tehtävänä on työntää laatikot oikeille paikoille käyttäen mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>\n<p>Lopullinen peli tulee näyttämään tältä:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 852px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 44.34782608695652%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/a0b58/peli.webp 230w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/bc10c/peli.webp 460w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/39392/peli.webp 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/81c8e/peli.png 230w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/08a84/peli.png 460w,\n/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e334a0f0fea9438564e48d0bba7cbbc4/47ff6/peli.png\" alt=\"peli\" title=\"peli\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<h2 id=\"pelin-pohja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin pohja<a href=\"#pelin-pohja\" aria-label=\"pelin pohja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Aloitetaan tekemällä pelille pohja, joka piirtää näkyviin pelin aloitustilanteen. Toteutamme pelin luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Sokoban</code>, jonka sisällä on pelissä tarvittavat toiminnot. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa luokan sisältö on seuraava:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> pygame\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sokoban</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n        nayton_leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sokoban\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>silmukka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_kuvat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lattia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohde\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"laatikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"robo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"valmis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohderobo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">silmukka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tutki_tapahtumat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piirra_naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    Sokoban<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tämä saa aikaan ikkunan, jossa on pelin aloitustilanne. Katsotaan seuraavaksi tarkemmin luokassa olevaa koodia.</p>\n<h2 id=\"konstruktori\" style=\"position:relative;\">Konstruktori<a href=\"#konstruktori\" aria-label=\"konstruktori permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Luokan konstruktori aloittaa Pygamen käyttämisen, alustaa pelissä tarvittavia muuttujia ja tietorakenteita sekä lopuksi kutsuu metodia, jossa on pelin pääsilmukka.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>init<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        \n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n        nayton_leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_caption<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sokoban\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>silmukka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_kuvat</code> lataa listaan <code class=\"language-text\">kuvat</code> pelin käyttämät kuvat ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_peli</code> luo kaksiulotteisen listan <code class=\"language-text\">kartta</code>, jossa on kuvattu ruudukon sisältö alussa.</p>\n<p>Tämän jälkeen muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">korkeus</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">leveys</code> laitetaan ruudukon korkeus ja leveys ja muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">skaala</code> laitetaan yhden ruudun koko. Koska jokainen kuva on neliön muotoinen ja yhtä suuri, ruudun koko saadaan hakemalla ensimmäisen kuvan leveys. Tämän avulla saadaan laskettua näytön korkeus ja leveys, minkä avulla voidaan luoda sopivan kokoinen ikkuna pelille.</p>\n<h2 id=\"kuvien-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kuvien lataaminen<a href=\"#kuvien-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"kuvien lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_kuvat</code> lataa pelin tarvitsemat kuvat:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_kuvat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lattia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohde\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"laatikko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"robo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"valmis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kohderobo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>image<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>load<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".png\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Pelissä on käytössä seuraavat kuvat:</p>\n<h3 id=\"lattiaruutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lattiaruutu<a href=\"#lattiaruutu\" aria-label=\"lattiaruutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAO0lEQVQ4y2M4dOjQ/7Nnz1IFg8xiADGoBUBmwQ389+8fRZh+BpIKRg0cNXDUwMFp4OAtbahWwFK7CgAAGH0Lv64YzdcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/6ac13/lattia.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9aefcdf4192b60fb3bf21288d49a0bd5/a1812/lattia.png\" alt=\"lattia\" title=\"lattia\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">lattia.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 0</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"seinaruutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Seinäruutu<a href=\"#seinaruutu\" aria-label=\"seinaruutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAASElEQVQ4y+3VMQoAMAgDwPhX/YSft0RwLrQZHQI6eGNEZpa7V0R8hQYtcAAgSVvUuZjZMzS3bQ2oyIILLrjgHZTVl7xg1S/gAHx86WTsjKFcAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/6ac13/seina.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/73ec5a44eba6d09dfe097ba346137a94/a1812/seina.png\" alt=\"seina\" title=\"seina\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">seina.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 1</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"kohderuutu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kohderuutu<a href=\"#kohderuutu\" aria-label=\"kohderuutu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABHElEQVQ4y7WVPQ6CUAzHWRw0yBG8gfEK3oCJlRNwB2/gBZzZPAU7I0zsbmiigQjav6nlgS+CUyVp0lfa3+vH4+EkSYI0TVWEWQ4rWg+zeiAR2fJ8gu53EL8z0ragpvn2JfoBZP3xGCBsK0vQ5WLbeMOPuHEgK00j+Z9OwG4HrNfAbAYsFoDvA3E81Gg2ngS2rThmGbBcAo4j4nmA6w7rIOiZ70xHgd1uyHPJhgPDUNa3G3C9AscjsNlY0OmSDXC7lYD9fnqcBhrHUnLXJhvIUhTiuFoBVSXB3AbOgKWuxcaZsp/v99O3gaa5h4M4RpEEmgEZYFfau3zu6XwOOp9BX+dQHahe8l+Gon5s1A/2Xz499ctB8/pSu2C1fwEvukCRvM6VtZAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/6ac13/kohde.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/36b1cacabf9fb62e1c67fc5e6cfa50e3/a1812/kohde.png\" alt=\"kohde\" title=\"kohde\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">kohde.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 2</li>\n<li>Robotin tulee siirtää jokin laatikko tähän ruutuun</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"laatikko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikko<a href=\"#laatikko\" aria-label=\"laatikko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAYAAACNiR0NAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVQ4y+2VPQqEMBCFvZxVjqAWAVN4CH8KtfEQQfAk9h5DC09go295Abcx7sIyWyzswIPATL6ZgckkGMcR0zSJiKyABykj6wnc9/0jyHEcThcgbds2zPOMZVneinHruvqBZ3XDMCAMQ2itEUUR4jj2ir4kSaCUctBLyyfQWossy9B1Heq6RtM0XtHHGEJZ6S2w73ukaeouFUVxqzzPHZSVsv2XQGMM2rZFWZaoqsorQpmU7f+BvwgUHRvxwRZ7euLL4WvrS2TBSn8BD7avDfrO6ztPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/6ac13/laatikko.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6e7afd4acd3f9b214a5c43273b23c834/a1812/laatikko.png\" alt=\"laatikko\" title=\"laatikko\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">laatikko.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 3</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"robotti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotti<a href=\"#robotti\" aria-label=\"robotti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/6ac13/robo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5fb4f02fac6c4d361c9057099bc9f890/a1812/robo.png\" alt=\"robo\" title=\"robo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">robo.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 4</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"laatikko-kohderuudussa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikko kohderuudussa<a href=\"#laatikko-kohderuudussa\" aria-label=\"laatikko kohderuudussa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/6ac13/valmis.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/15225a12ccfe0e42a543bea73f4ff889/a1812/valmis.png\" alt=\"valmis\" title=\"valmis\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">valmis.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 5</li>\n<li>Laatikko on saatu siirrettyä kohderuutuun</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"kohderuutu-ja-robotti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kohderuutu ja robotti<a href=\"#kohderuutu-ja-robotti\" aria-label=\"kohderuutu ja robotti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 50px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/6ac13/kohderobo.webp 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/70f904da050def3ee01b9b01b0b50b16/a1812/kohderobo.png\" alt=\"kohderobo\" title=\"kohderobo\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<ul>\n<li>Tiedoston nimi <code class=\"language-text\">kohderobo.png</code></li>\n<li>Sijainti listalla 6</li>\n<li>Robotti voi myös olla kohderuudussa</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"ruudukon-luonti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ruudukon luonti<a href=\"#ruudukon-luonti\" aria-label=\"ruudukon luonti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_peli</code> muodostaa ruudukon aloitustilanteen:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n                       <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi luo kaksiulotteisen listan <code class=\"language-text\">kartta</code>, jossa käytetään kuvien tunnuksia samassa järjestyksessä kuin kuvat on ladattu listaan. Tämän avulla pelin muistissa on tieto siitä, mikä on ruudukon tilanne tällä hetkellä.</p>\n<p>Huomaa, että jokainen ruudukon luku on alussa välillä 0–4. Missään ruudussa ei ole lukua 5 tai 6, koska mikään laatikko tai robotti ei ole alussa kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"pelisilmukka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelisilmukka<a href=\"#pelisilmukka\" aria-label=\"pelisilmukka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelisilmukka kutsuu joka kierroksella kahta metodia: <code class=\"language-text\">tutki_tapahtumat</code> käy läpi viime kierroksen jälkeen syntyneet tapahtumat ja <code class=\"language-text\">piirra_naytto</code> päivittää näytön sisällön.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">silmukka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tutki_tapahtumat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piirra_naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fill<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>flip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tällä hetkellä ainoa pelin tunnistama tapahtuma on pelin sulkeminen (esimerkiksi pelaaja painaa ikkunassa olevaa raksia). Tässä tilanteessa peli sulkee itsensä kutsumalla <code class=\"language-text\">exit</code>-funktiota.</p>\n<p>Näytön piirtäminen toteutetaan käymällä ruudukon sisältö ja piirtämällä jokaista ruutua vastaava kuva oikeaan paikkaan.</p>\n<p>Huomaa, että koordinaatteja x ja y käytetään eri päin eri tilanteissa. Kaksiulotteisen listan indeksoinnissa on luontevaa antaa ensin y ja sitten x, koska ensimmäinen indeksi tarkoittaa riviä ja toinen indeksi tarkoittaa saraketta. 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos robotin uudessa sijainnissa on luku 3 (laatikko) tai 5 (laatikko kohderuudussa), robotti työntää laatikkoa liikkuessaan. Tätä varten lasketaan muuttujiin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_y"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_x"}]},{"type":"text","value":" laatikon uusi sijainti työntämisen jälkeen."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laatikko ei voi siirtyä, jos uudessa kohdassa on luku 1 (seinäruutu), luku 3 (toinen laatikko) tai luku 5 (toinen laatikko kohderuudussa). Näissä tapauksissa metodi sulkee itsensä eikä tee mitään."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muissa tapauksissa kuitenkin laatikkoa pystyy siirtämään, jolloin laatikon nykyisen ruudun luvusta vähennetään 3 ja uuden ruudun lukuun lisätään 3. Tämä päivittää ruudukkoa oikealla tavalla sekä silloin, kun laatikko on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"robotin-siirtyminen","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Robotin siirtyminen"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#robotin-siirtyminen","ariaLabel":"robotin siirtyminen permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"        self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_vanha_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_vanha_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos metodin suoritus etenee loppuun asti, myös robotin tulee vielä siirtyä. Tämä toteutetaan samalla tavalla kuin laatikon siirtyminen, paitsi että vähennettävä ja lisättävä arvo on 4. Tässäkin tapauksessa ruudukon sisältö muuttuu oikein tilanteissa, joissa robotti on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"refaktorointia","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Refaktorointia?"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#refaktorointia","ariaLabel":"refaktorointia permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä käytetty tapa tallentaa ruudukon tilanne on siinä mielessä kätevä, että yksi ruudukko kuvaa pelin koko tilanteen tiiviissä muodossa ja ruudukkoa on melko helppoa päivittää vähentämällä ja poistamalla sopivasti lukuja."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toteutuksen huonona puolena on kuitenkin, että pelin koodin ymmärtäminen voi olla vaikeaa. Esimerkiksi jos ulkopuolinen koodari näkee seuraavan rivin, se näyttää luultavasti mystiseltä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"            "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä on käytetty "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"taikalukuja"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"magic numbers"}]},{"type":"text","value":") ruutujen esittämiseen, ja koodin lukijan täytyy tietää, että 1 tarkoittaa seinää, 3 tarkoittaa laatikkoa ja 5 tarkoittaa kohderuudussa olevaa laatikkoa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vielä mystisempiä ovat rivit tyyliin"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"            self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koska nyt laatikkoa tarkoittava luku 3 vähennetään ruudun luvusta. Tämä toimii, koska tämä muuttaa tavallisen laatikon lattiaksi ja kohderuudussa olevan laatikon kohderuuduksi, mutta asian ymmärtäminen vaatii huolellista perehtymistä ruutujen numerointiin."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin koodin lukijan työtä voisi helpottaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"refaktoroimalla"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koodia eli muuttamalla koodin rakennetta paremmaksi ja selkeämmäksi. Tässä tapauksessa helppo muutos olisi käyttää lukujen 0–6 sijasta kuvaavampia ruutujen nimiä, mutta tämä ei selittäisi sitä, miksi lukuja voi vähentää ja lisätä ja ruudukko muuttuu oikealla tavalla."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin koodin saaminen todella helposti luettavaksi vaatisikin luultavasti paljon suurempaa refaktorointia, kuten ruudukon pysyvän rakenteen tallentamista erillään ja robotin ja laatikoiden sijaintien tallentamista omissa tietorakenteissaan. Toisaalta tämän kääntöpuolena olisi, että koodia voisi tulla paljon lisää ja pelin sisäinen toiminta muuttuisi monimutkaisemmaksi."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotekniikka"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotuotanto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<p>Vaikein asia Sokoban-pelin toteutuksessa on saada robotti liikkumaan niin, että se pystyy työntämään laatikoita halutulla tavalla. Pelin pitää tunnistaa, milloin robotti pystyy siirtymään pelaajan haluamaan suuntiin, sekä käsitellä oikein tilanteet, joissa robotti työntää laatikkoa. Nyt on aika tarttua tähän haasteeseen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"nappaimiston-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Näppäimistön käsittely<a href=\"#nappaimiston-kasittely\" aria-label=\"nappaimiston kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelaaja ohjaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä, joten tapahtumien käsittelyä täytyy laajentaa niin, että se tarkkailee myös näppäimistön tapahtumia:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_UP<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_DOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Nyt kun pelaaja painaa nuolinäppäintä, kutsutaan metodia <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> sopivilla parametreilla. Ensimmäinen parametri ilmaisee liikkeen määrän pystysuunnassa ja toinen parametri puolestaan ilmaisee liikkeen määrän vaakasuunnassa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"robotin-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin etsiminen<a href=\"#robotin-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"robotin etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelin täytyy tietää robotin sijainti, jotta sitä pystyy siirtämään oikealla tavalla. Seuraava metodi <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_robo</code> selvittää robotin sijainnin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_robo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi käy läpi kaikki ruudukon ruudut ja palauttaa ruudun koordinaatit, jos ruudussa on luku 4 (robotti yksinään) tai luku 6 (robotti kohderuudun päällä).</p>\n<p>Ideana on, että aina kun käyttäjä painaa nuolinäppäintä, selvitetään ensin robotin sijainti käymällä läpi ruudukon ruudut. Tämä voi tuntua vähän hitaalta, koska vaihtoehtoisesti voisi myös pitää yllä tietoa robotin sijainnista omissa muuttujissa. Tämän toteutuksen etuna on kuitenkin, että robotin sijainti ei ole tallessa kahdessa paikassa (ruudukossa ja erillisissä muuttujissa) vaan vain yhdessä paikassa, eli muistissa oleva pelin tila on yksinkertaisempi.</p>\n<h2 id=\"muutokset-ruudukossa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muutokset ruudukossa<a href=\"#muutokset-ruudukossa\" aria-label=\"muutokset ruudukossa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> saa parametreina suunnan, johon pelaaja haluaa robotin liikkuvan, ja metodi joko päivittää ruudukkoa sopivasti tai toteaa, että liikkuminen ei ole mahdollista eikä muuta ruudukon sisältöä.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi_robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n        robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            laatikon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n            laatikon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi on melko monimutkainen, joten katsotaan tarkemmin metodin osia:</p>\n<h3 id=\"robotin-vanha-ja-uusi-sijainti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin vanha ja uusi sijainti<a href=\"#robotin-vanha-ja-uusi-sijainti\" aria-label=\"robotin vanha ja uusi sijainti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi_robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n        robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x</code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi kutsuu ensin metodia <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_robo</code>, joka selvittää robotin vanhan sijainnin ennen siirtoa. Tämä sijainti tallennetaan muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">robon_vanha_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robon_vanha_x</code>.</p>\n<p>Tämän jälkeen muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">robon_uusi_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robon_uusi_x</code> lasketaan robotin haluttu uusi sijainti. Tämä saadaan laskettua kätevästi, kun tiedossa on vanha sijainti sekä haluttu sijainnin muutos pysty- ja vaakasuunnassa.</p>\n<h3 id=\"tormaako-robotti-seinaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Törmääkö robotti seinään?<a href=\"#tormaako-robotti-seinaan\" aria-label=\"tormaako robotti seinaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Seuraavaksi käsitellään tapaus, jossa pelaaja yrittää ohjata robottia seinään (luku 1 tarkoittaa seinää). Tämä ei ole sallittua, joten tässä tilanteessa ei tapahdu mitään ja metodin suoritus vain loppuu.</p>\n<h3 id=\"laatikon-siirtyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikon siirtyminen<a href=\"#laatikon-siirtyminen\" aria-label=\"laatikon siirtyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            laatikon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n            laatikon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Jos robotin uudessa sijainnissa on luku 3 (laatikko) tai 5 (laatikko kohderuudussa), robotti työntää laatikkoa liikkuessaan. Tätä varten lasketaan muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">laatikon_uusi_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">laatikon_uusi_x</code> laatikon uusi sijainti työntämisen jälkeen.</p>\n<p>Laatikko ei voi siirtyä, jos uudessa kohdassa on luku 1 (seinäruutu), luku 3 (toinen laatikko) tai luku 5 (toinen laatikko kohderuudussa). Näissä tapauksissa metodi sulkee itsensä eikä tee mitään.</p>\n<p>Muissa tapauksissa kuitenkin laatikkoa pystyy siirtämään, jolloin laatikon nykyisen ruudun luvusta vähennetään 3 ja uuden ruudun lukuun lisätään 3. Tämä päivittää ruudukkoa oikealla tavalla sekä silloin, kun laatikko on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h3 id=\"robotin-siirtyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin siirtyminen<a href=\"#robotin-siirtyminen\" aria-label=\"robotin siirtyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Jos metodin suoritus etenee loppuun asti, myös robotin tulee vielä siirtyä. Tämä toteutetaan samalla tavalla kuin laatikon siirtyminen, paitsi että vähennettävä ja lisättävä arvo on 4. Tässäkin tapauksessa ruudukon sisältö muuttuu oikein tilanteissa, joissa robotti on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"refaktorointia\" style=\"position:relative;\">Refaktorointia?<a href=\"#refaktorointia\" aria-label=\"refaktorointia permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tässä käytetty tapa tallentaa ruudukon tilanne on siinä mielessä kätevä, että yksi ruudukko kuvaa pelin koko tilanteen tiiviissä muodossa ja ruudukkoa on melko helppoa päivittää vähentämällä ja poistamalla sopivasti lukuja.</p>\n<p>Toteutuksen huonona puolena on kuitenkin, että pelin koodin ymmärtäminen voi olla vaikeaa. Esimerkiksi jos ulkopuolinen koodari näkee seuraavan rivin, se näyttää luultavasti mystiseltä.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tässä on käytetty <em>taikalukuja</em> (<em>magic numbers</em>) ruutujen esittämiseen, ja koodin lukijan täytyy tietää, että 1 tarkoittaa seinää, 3 tarkoittaa laatikkoa ja 5 tarkoittaa kohderuudussa olevaa laatikkoa.</p>\n<p>Vielä mystisempiä ovat rivit tyyliin</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>koska nyt laatikkoa tarkoittava luku 3 vähennetään ruudun luvusta. Tämä toimii, koska tämä muuttaa tavallisen laatikon lattiaksi ja kohderuudussa olevan laatikon kohderuuduksi, mutta asian ymmärtäminen vaatii huolellista perehtymistä ruutujen numerointiin.</p>\n<p>Pelin koodin lukijan työtä voisi helpottaa <em>refaktoroimalla</em> koodia eli muuttamalla koodin rakennetta paremmaksi ja selkeämmäksi. Tässä tapauksessa helppo muutos olisi käyttää lukujen 0–6 sijasta kuvaavampia ruutujen nimiä, mutta tämä ei selittäisi sitä, miksi lukuja voi vähentää ja lisätä ja ruudukko muuttuu oikealla tavalla.</p>\n<p>Pelin koodin saaminen todella helposti luettavaksi vaatisikin luultavasti paljon suurempaa refaktorointia, kuten ruudukon pysyvän rakenteen tallentamista erillään ja robotin ja laatikoiden sijaintien tallentamista omissa tietorakenteissaan. Toisaalta tämän kääntöpuolena olisi, että koodia voisi tulla paljon lisää ja pelin sisäinen toiminta muuttuisi monimutkaisemmaksi.</p>\n<p>Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten <em>Ohjelmistotekniikka</em> ja <em>Ohjelmistotuotanto</em>.</p>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot","title":"Robotti ja laatikot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Tätä varten lasketaan muuttujiin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_y"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_x"}]},{"type":"text","value":" laatikon uusi sijainti työntämisen jälkeen."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laatikko ei voi siirtyä, jos uudessa kohdassa on luku 1 (seinäruutu), luku 3 (toinen laatikko) tai luku 5 (toinen laatikko kohderuudussa). Näissä tapauksissa metodi sulkee itsensä eikä tee mitään."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muissa tapauksissa kuitenkin laatikkoa pystyy siirtämään, jolloin laatikon nykyisen ruudun luvusta vähennetään 3 ja uuden ruudun lukuun lisätään 3. 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Tämä toteutetaan samalla tavalla kuin laatikon siirtyminen, paitsi että vähennettävä ja lisättävä arvo on 4. Tässäkin tapauksessa ruudukon sisältö muuttuu oikein tilanteissa, joissa robotti on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"refaktorointia","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Refaktorointia?"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#refaktorointia","ariaLabel":"refaktorointia permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä käytetty tapa tallentaa ruudukon tilanne on siinä mielessä kätevä, että yksi ruudukko kuvaa pelin koko tilanteen tiiviissä muodossa ja ruudukkoa on melko helppoa päivittää vähentämällä ja poistamalla sopivasti lukuja."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Toteutuksen huonona puolena on kuitenkin, että pelin koodin ymmärtäminen voi olla vaikeaa. Esimerkiksi jos ulkopuolinen koodari näkee seuraavan rivin, se näyttää luultavasti mystiseltä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"            "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"laatikon_uusi_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä on käytetty "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"taikalukuja"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"magic numbers"}]},{"type":"text","value":") ruutujen esittämiseen, ja koodin lukijan täytyy tietää, että 1 tarkoittaa seinää, 3 tarkoittaa laatikkoa ja 5 tarkoittaa kohderuudussa olevaa laatikkoa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vielä mystisempiä ovat rivit tyyliin"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"            self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"kartta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_y"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"text","value":"robon_uusi_x"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koska nyt laatikkoa tarkoittava luku 3 vähennetään ruudun luvusta. Tämä toimii, koska tämä muuttaa tavallisen laatikon lattiaksi ja kohderuudussa olevan laatikon kohderuuduksi, mutta asian ymmärtäminen vaatii huolellista perehtymistä ruutujen numerointiin."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin koodin lukijan työtä voisi helpottaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"refaktoroimalla"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koodia eli muuttamalla koodin rakennetta paremmaksi ja selkeämmäksi. Tässä tapauksessa helppo muutos olisi käyttää lukujen 0–6 sijasta kuvaavampia ruutujen nimiä, mutta tämä ei selittäisi sitä, miksi lukuja voi vähentää ja lisätä ja ruudukko muuttuu oikealla tavalla."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin koodin saaminen todella helposti luettavaksi vaatisikin luultavasti paljon suurempaa refaktorointia, kuten ruudukon pysyvän rakenteen tallentamista erillään ja robotin ja laatikoiden sijaintien tallentamista omissa tietorakenteissaan. Toisaalta tämän kääntöpuolena olisi, että koodia voisi tulla paljon lisää ja pelin sisäinen toiminta muuttuisi monimutkaisemmaksi."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotekniikka"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmistotuotanto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<p>Vaikein asia Sokoban-pelin toteutuksessa on saada robotti liikkumaan niin, että se pystyy työntämään laatikoita halutulla tavalla. Pelin pitää tunnistaa, milloin robotti pystyy siirtymään pelaajan haluamaan suuntiin, sekä käsitellä oikein tilanteet, joissa robotti työntää laatikkoa. Nyt on aika tarttua tähän haasteeseen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"nappaimiston-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Näppäimistön käsittely<a href=\"#nappaimiston-kasittely\" aria-label=\"nappaimiston kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelaaja ohjaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä, joten tapahtumien käsittelyä täytyy laajentaa niin, että se tarkkailee myös näppäimistön tapahtumia:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> tapahtuma <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>event<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>KEYDOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_LEFT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_RIGHT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_UP<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_DOWN<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>liiku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>QUIT<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Nyt kun pelaaja painaa nuolinäppäintä, kutsutaan metodia <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> sopivilla parametreilla. Ensimmäinen parametri ilmaisee liikkeen määrän pystysuunnassa ja toinen parametri puolestaan ilmaisee liikkeen määrän vaakasuunnassa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"robotin-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin etsiminen<a href=\"#robotin-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"robotin etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelin täytyy tietää robotin sijainti, jotta sitä pystyy siirtämään oikealla tavalla. Seuraava metodi <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_robo</code> selvittää robotin sijainnin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi_robo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi käy läpi kaikki ruudukon ruudut ja palauttaa ruudun koordinaatit, jos ruudussa on luku 4 (robotti yksinään) tai luku 6 (robotti kohderuudun päällä).</p>\n<p>Ideana on, että aina kun käyttäjä painaa nuolinäppäintä, selvitetään ensin robotin sijainti käymällä läpi ruudukon ruudut. Tämä voi tuntua vähän hitaalta, koska vaihtoehtoisesti voisi myös pitää yllä tietoa robotin sijainnista omissa muuttujissa. Tämän toteutuksen etuna on kuitenkin, että robotin sijainti ei ole tallessa kahdessa paikassa (ruudukossa ja erillisissä muuttujissa) vaan vain yhdessä paikassa, eli muistissa oleva pelin tila on yksinkertaisempi.</p>\n<h2 id=\"muutokset-ruudukossa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muutokset ruudukossa<a href=\"#muutokset-ruudukossa\" aria-label=\"muutokset ruudukossa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> saa parametreina suunnan, johon pelaaja haluaa robotin liikkuvan, ja metodi joko päivittää ruudukkoa sopivasti tai toteaa, että liikkuminen ei ole mahdollista eikä muuta ruudukon sisältöä.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi_robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n        robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            laatikon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n            laatikon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi on melko monimutkainen, joten katsotaan tarkemmin metodin osia:</p>\n<h3 id=\"robotin-vanha-ja-uusi-sijainti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin vanha ja uusi sijainti<a href=\"#robotin-vanha-ja-uusi-sijainti\" aria-label=\"robotin vanha ja uusi sijainti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi_robo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n        robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_vanha_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x</code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi kutsuu ensin metodia <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_robo</code>, joka selvittää robotin vanhan sijainnin ennen siirtoa. Tämä sijainti tallennetaan muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">robon_vanha_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robon_vanha_x</code>.</p>\n<p>Tämän jälkeen muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">robon_uusi_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">robon_uusi_x</code> lasketaan robotin haluttu uusi sijainti. Tämä saadaan laskettua kätevästi, kun tiedossa on vanha sijainti sekä haluttu sijainnin muutos pysty- ja vaakasuunnassa.</p>\n<h3 id=\"tormaako-robotti-seinaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Törmääkö robotti seinään?<a href=\"#tormaako-robotti-seinaan\" aria-label=\"tormaako robotti seinaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Seuraavaksi käsitellään tapaus, jossa pelaaja yrittää ohjata robottia seinään (luku 1 tarkoittaa seinää). Tämä ei ole sallittua, joten tässä tilanteessa ei tapahdu mitään ja metodin suoritus vain loppuu.</p>\n<h3 id=\"laatikon-siirtyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laatikon siirtyminen<a href=\"#laatikon-siirtyminen\" aria-label=\"laatikon siirtyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            laatikon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_y\n            laatikon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> robon_uusi_x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> liike_x\n\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Jos robotin uudessa sijainnissa on luku 3 (laatikko) tai 5 (laatikko kohderuudussa), robotti työntää laatikkoa liikkuessaan. Tätä varten lasketaan muuttujiin <code class=\"language-text\">laatikon_uusi_y</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">laatikon_uusi_x</code> laatikon uusi sijainti työntämisen jälkeen.</p>\n<p>Laatikko ei voi siirtyä, jos uudessa kohdassa on luku 1 (seinäruutu), luku 3 (toinen laatikko) tai luku 5 (toinen laatikko kohderuudussa). Näissä tapauksissa metodi sulkee itsensä eikä tee mitään.</p>\n<p>Muissa tapauksissa kuitenkin laatikkoa pystyy siirtämään, jolloin laatikon nykyisen ruudun luvusta vähennetään 3 ja uuden ruudun lukuun lisätään 3. Tämä päivittää ruudukkoa oikealla tavalla sekä silloin, kun laatikko on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h3 id=\"robotin-siirtyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Robotin siirtyminen<a href=\"#robotin-siirtyminen\" aria-label=\"robotin siirtyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_vanha_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Jos metodin suoritus etenee loppuun asti, myös robotin tulee vielä siirtyä. Tämä toteutetaan samalla tavalla kuin laatikon siirtyminen, paitsi että vähennettävä ja lisättävä arvo on 4. Tässäkin tapauksessa ruudukon sisältö muuttuu oikein tilanteissa, joissa robotti on tavallisessa lattiaruudussa tai kohderuudussa.</p>\n<h2 id=\"refaktorointia\" style=\"position:relative;\">Refaktorointia?<a href=\"#refaktorointia\" aria-label=\"refaktorointia permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tässä käytetty tapa tallentaa ruudukon tilanne on siinä mielessä kätevä, että yksi ruudukko kuvaa pelin koko tilanteen tiiviissä muodossa ja ruudukkoa on melko helppoa päivittää vähentämällä ja poistamalla sopivasti lukuja.</p>\n<p>Toteutuksen huonona puolena on kuitenkin, että pelin koodin ymmärtäminen voi olla vaikeaa. Esimerkiksi jos ulkopuolinen koodari näkee seuraavan rivin, se näyttää luultavasti mystiseltä.</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>laatikon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tässä on käytetty <em>taikalukuja</em> (<em>magic numbers</em>) ruutujen esittämiseen, ja koodin lukijan täytyy tietää, että 1 tarkoittaa seinää, 3 tarkoittaa laatikkoa ja 5 tarkoittaa kohderuudussa olevaa laatikkoa.</p>\n<p>Vielä mystisempiä ovat rivit tyyliin</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>robon_uusi_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>koska nyt laatikkoa tarkoittava luku 3 vähennetään ruudun luvusta. Tämä toimii, koska tämä muuttaa tavallisen laatikon lattiaksi ja kohderuudussa olevan laatikon kohderuuduksi, mutta asian ymmärtäminen vaatii huolellista perehtymistä ruutujen numerointiin.</p>\n<p>Pelin koodin lukijan työtä voisi helpottaa <em>refaktoroimalla</em> koodia eli muuttamalla koodin rakennetta paremmaksi ja selkeämmäksi. Tässä tapauksessa helppo muutos olisi käyttää lukujen 0–6 sijasta kuvaavampia ruutujen nimiä, mutta tämä ei selittäisi sitä, miksi lukuja voi vähentää ja lisätä ja ruudukko muuttuu oikealla tavalla.</p>\n<p>Pelin koodin saaminen todella helposti luettavaksi vaatisikin luultavasti paljon suurempaa refaktorointia, kuten ruudukon pysyvän rakenteen tallentamista erillään ja robotin ja laatikoiden sijaintien tallentamista omissa tietorakenteissaan. Toisaalta tämän kääntöpuolena olisi, että koodia voisi tulla paljon lisää ja pelin sisäinen toiminta muuttuisi monimutkaisemmaksi.</p>\n<p>Refaktorointiin ja koodin laatuun liittyviin asioihin tutustutaan lisää tulevilla kursseilla, kuten <em>Ohjelmistotekniikka</em> ja <em>Ohjelmistotuotanto</em>.</p>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot","title":"Robotti ja laatikot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/2-robo-ja-laatikot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Esimerkiksi tässä pelissä tällainen tapahtuma on pelin läpäiseminen ja siitä tuleva ilmoitus."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tällaisen tapahtuman testaaminen voi olla hankalaa, jos esimerkiksi pitää aina läpäistä koko peli ennen kuin tapahtuman näkee. Kuitenkin pelin ohjelmoija voi helposti tehdä koodiin väliaikaisia muutoksia, jotka helpottavat testausta. Esimerkiksi pelin läpäisyä voi testata muuttamalla koodia näin:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"peli_lapi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"return"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","boolean"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Nyt metodi palauttaa aina "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" eli peli on läpäisty heti pelin alkaessa. Tämän avulla voi mukavasti varmistaa, että pelin lopussa tuleva ilmoitus näyttää oikealta eikä pelaaja pysty enää siirtymään ruudukossa. Sitten kun pelin päättyminen toimii oikein, metodin voi jälleen palauttaa ennalleen."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"peli-githubiin","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Peli GitHubiin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#peli-githubiin","ariaLabel":"peli githubiin permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Peli on nyt valmis ja voit hakea pelin lopullisen koodin ja kuvat GitHubista:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"GitHub on hyvä paikka omille ohjelmointiprojekteille: sen avulla projektin koodin ja muut tiedostot saa talteen Git-versionhallintaan ja projektin pystyy helposti jakamaan muille. GitHubia käytetään paljon myöhemmillä tietojenkäsittelytieteen kursseilla."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Montako siirtoa tarvitaan?"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan","ariaLabel":"montako siirtoa tarvitaan permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vaikka pelin ruudukko on melko pieni, peli ei ole helppo. Ensimmäinen haaste on onnistua läpäisemään peli, ja sen jälkeen haasteena on keksiä ratkaisu, jossa siirtojen määrä on mahdollisimman pieni. Kuinka lyhyen ratkaisun onnistut muodostamaan?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lyhimmän mahdollisen ratkaisun etsiminen käsin on hyvin vaikeaa, mutta tässäkin voi käyttää apuna ohjelmointia. Kurssilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit"}]},{"type":"text","value":"  tutustutaan tekniikoihin, joiden avulla voidaan löytää automaattisesti lyhin mahdollinen ratkaisu peliin."}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<p>Peli on jo hyvässä vaiheessa, joten nyt voimme alkaa viimeistellä pelin toteutusta. Lisäämme peliin laskurin, joka näyttää siirtojen määrän, mahdollisuuden aloittaa uusi peli ja sulkea peli näppäinkomennoilla sekä ilmoituksen, kun pelaaja onnistuu läpäisemään pelin.</p>\n<h2 id=\"siirtolaskuri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Siirtolaskuri<a href=\"#siirtolaskuri\" aria-label=\"siirtolaskuri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Siirtolaskuri näyttää pelin ikkunan alalaidassa, montako siirtoa pelaaja on tehnyt tähän mennessä. Tämän avulla voi yrittää etsiä ratkaisua, jossa on mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>\n<p>Laskurin tekeminen vaatii joitakin muutoksia koodiin. Muutetaan ensin konstruktoria niin, että ikkunassa on tilaa laskurille ja käytettävissä on fontti tekstin piirtämistä varten:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>font<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>SysFont<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arial\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Siirtolaskuri nollataan pelin alussa ja jokainen siirto kasvattaa sitä yhdellä:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi näytön päivityksen yhteydessä näytetään siirtojen määrä laskurin avulla:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Siirrot: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<h2 id=\"uusi-peli-ja-pelin-sulkeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Uusi peli ja pelin sulkeminen<a href=\"#uusi-peli-ja-pelin-sulkeminen\" aria-label=\"uusi peli ja pelin sulkeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Lisätään peliin seuraavaksi näppäinkomennot, joiden avulla pelaaja voi aloittaa uuden pelin painamalla F2 sekä sulkea pelin painamalla Esc. Molemmat toiminnot on helppo toteuttaa:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_F2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_ESCAPE<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi piirretään ikkunan alalaitaan pelaajalle tiedoksi, että pelissä on tällaiset toiminnot:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"F2 = uusi peli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Esc = sulje peli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">400</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<h2 id=\"pelin-lapaiseminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin läpäiseminen<a href=\"#pelin-lapaiseminen\" aria-label=\"pelin lapaiseminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelaaja läpäisee pelin, kun jokainen laatikko on jossain kohderuudussa. Tämä voidaan tarkastaa seuraavalla metodilla:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peli_lapi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi käy läpi kaikki ruudut ja jos jossain ruudussa on luku 2 (tyhjä kohderuutu) tai 6 (robotti kohderuudussa), peli ei ole vielä läpäisty ja metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Jos mitään tällaista ruutua ei ole ruudukossa, peli kuitenkin on läpäisty ja metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>.</p>\n<p>Jos pelaaja läpäisee pelin, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">piirra_naytto</code> näyttää asiaan kuuluvan viestin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peli_lapi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnittelut, läpäisit pelin!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            teksti_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            teksti_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rect<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi metodin <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> alkua muutetaan niin, että liikkuminen ei ole enää mahdollista, kun pelaaja on läpäissyt pelin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peli_lapi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tässä tilanteessa kuitenkin pelaaja näkee edelleen ruudukon ja lopullisen pelitilanteen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"vinkki-testauksen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vinkki testauksen<a href=\"#vinkki-testauksen\" aria-label=\"vinkki testauksen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelin kehityksen aikana tulee helposti tarve tarkastaa, mitä tapahtuu jossain vaiheessa myöhemmin pelissä. Esimerkiksi tässä pelissä tällainen tapahtuma on pelin läpäiseminen ja siitä tuleva ilmoitus.</p>\n<p>Tällaisen tapahtuman testaaminen voi olla hankalaa, jos esimerkiksi pitää aina läpäistä koko peli ennen kuin tapahtuman näkee. Kuitenkin pelin ohjelmoija voi helposti tehdä koodiin väliaikaisia muutoksia, jotka helpottavat testausta. Esimerkiksi pelin läpäisyä voi testata muuttamalla koodia näin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peli_lapi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Nyt metodi palauttaa aina <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> eli peli on läpäisty heti pelin alkaessa. Tämän avulla voi mukavasti varmistaa, että pelin lopussa tuleva ilmoitus näyttää oikealta eikä pelaaja pysty enää siirtymään ruudukossa. Sitten kun pelin päättyminen toimii oikein, metodin voi jälleen palauttaa ennalleen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"peli-githubiin\" style=\"position:relative;\">Peli GitHubiin<a href=\"#peli-githubiin\" aria-label=\"peli githubiin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Peli on nyt valmis ja voit hakea pelin lopullisen koodin ja kuvat GitHubista:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>GitHub on hyvä paikka omille ohjelmointiprojekteille: sen avulla projektin koodin ja muut tiedostot saa talteen Git-versionhallintaan ja projektin pystyy helposti jakamaan muille. GitHubia käytetään paljon myöhemmillä tietojenkäsittelytieteen kursseilla.</p>\n<h2 id=\"montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Montako siirtoa tarvitaan?<a href=\"#montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan\" aria-label=\"montako siirtoa tarvitaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Vaikka pelin ruudukko on melko pieni, peli ei ole helppo. Ensimmäinen haaste on onnistua läpäisemään peli, ja sen jälkeen haasteena on keksiä ratkaisu, jossa siirtojen määrä on mahdollisimman pieni. Kuinka lyhyen ratkaisun onnistut muodostamaan?</p>\n<p>Lyhimmän mahdollisen ratkaisun etsiminen käsin on hyvin vaikeaa, mutta tässäkin voi käyttää apuna ohjelmointia. Kurssilla <em>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit</em>  tutustutaan tekniikoihin, joiden avulla voidaan löytää automaattisesti lyhin mahdollinen ratkaisu peliin.</p>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely","title":"Pelin viimeistely"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/3-pelin-viimeistely.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Tämän avulla voi yrittää etsiä ratkaisua, jossa on mahdollisimman vähän siirtoja.</p>\n<p>Laskurin tekeminen vaatii joitakin muutoksia koodiin. Muutetaan ensin konstruktoria niin, että ikkunassa on tilaa laskurille ja käytettävissä on fontti tekstin piirtämistä varten:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>display<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>set_mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nayton_leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nayton_korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>font<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>SysFont<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arial\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Siirtolaskuri nollataan pelin alussa ja jokainen siirto kasvattaa sitä yhdellä:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_peli</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi näytön päivityksen yhteydessä näytetään siirtojen määrä laskurin avulla:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Siirrot: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirrot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<h2 id=\"uusi-peli-ja-pelin-sulkeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Uusi peli ja pelin sulkeminen<a href=\"#uusi-peli-ja-pelin-sulkeminen\" aria-label=\"uusi peli ja pelin sulkeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Lisätään peliin seuraavaksi näppäinkomennot, joiden avulla pelaaja voi aloittaa uuden pelin painamalla F2 sekä sulkea pelin painamalla Esc. Molemmat toiminnot on helppo toteuttaa:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tutki_tapahtumat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_F2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>uusi_peli<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tapahtuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>key <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>K_ESCAPE<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    exit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi piirretään ikkunan alalaitaan pelaajalle tiedoksi, että pelissä on tällaiset toiminnot:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"F2 = uusi peli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Esc = sulje peli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">400</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<h2 id=\"pelin-lapaiseminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin läpäiseminen<a href=\"#pelin-lapaiseminen\" aria-label=\"pelin lapaiseminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelaaja läpäisee pelin, kun jokainen laatikko on jossain kohderuudussa. Tämä voidaan tarkastaa seuraavalla metodilla:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peli_lapi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> y <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kartta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Metodi käy läpi kaikki ruudut ja jos jossain ruudussa on luku 2 (tyhjä kohderuutu) tai 6 (robotti kohderuudussa), peli ei ole vielä läpäisty ja metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Jos mitään tällaista ruutua ei ole ruudukossa, peli kuitenkin on läpäisty ja metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>.</p>\n<p>Jos pelaaja läpäisee pelin, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">piirra_naytto</code> näyttää asiaan kuuluvan viestin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piirra_naytto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peli_lapi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>fontti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>render<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnittelut, läpäisit pelin!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">255</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            teksti_x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            teksti_y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>skaala <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n            pygame<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>draw<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rect<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_width<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>get_height<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>naytto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>blit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>teksti_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> teksti_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Lisäksi metodin <code class=\"language-text\">liiku</code> alkua muutetaan niin, että liikkuminen ei ole enää mahdollista, kun pelaaja on läpäissyt pelin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">liiku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> liike_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peli_lapi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Tässä tilanteessa kuitenkin pelaaja näkee edelleen ruudukon ja lopullisen pelitilanteen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"vinkki-testauksen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vinkki testauksen<a href=\"#vinkki-testauksen\" aria-label=\"vinkki testauksen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Pelin kehityksen aikana tulee helposti tarve tarkastaa, mitä tapahtuu jossain vaiheessa myöhemmin pelissä. Esimerkiksi tässä pelissä tällainen tapahtuma on pelin läpäiseminen ja siitä tuleva ilmoitus.</p>\n<p>Tällaisen tapahtuman testaaminen voi olla hankalaa, jos esimerkiksi pitää aina läpäistä koko peli ennen kuin tapahtuman näkee. Kuitenkin pelin ohjelmoija voi helposti tehdä koodiin väliaikaisia muutoksia, jotka helpottavat testausta. Esimerkiksi pelin läpäisyä voi testata muuttamalla koodia näin:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peli_lapi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Nyt metodi palauttaa aina <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> eli peli on läpäisty heti pelin alkaessa. Tämän avulla voi mukavasti varmistaa, että pelin lopussa tuleva ilmoitus näyttää oikealta eikä pelaaja pysty enää siirtymään ruudukossa. Sitten kun pelin päättyminen toimii oikein, metodin voi jälleen palauttaa ennalleen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"peli-githubiin\" style=\"position:relative;\">Peli GitHubiin<a href=\"#peli-githubiin\" aria-label=\"peli githubiin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Peli on nyt valmis ja voit hakea pelin lopullisen koodin ja kuvat GitHubista:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://github.com/moocfi/sokoban</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>GitHub on hyvä paikka omille ohjelmointiprojekteille: sen avulla projektin koodin ja muut tiedostot saa talteen Git-versionhallintaan ja projektin pystyy helposti jakamaan muille. GitHubia käytetään paljon myöhemmillä tietojenkäsittelytieteen kursseilla.</p>\n<h2 id=\"montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Montako siirtoa tarvitaan?<a href=\"#montako-siirtoa-tarvitaan\" aria-label=\"montako siirtoa tarvitaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Vaikka pelin ruudukko on melko pieni, peli ei ole helppo. Ensimmäinen haaste on onnistua läpäisemään peli, ja sen jälkeen haasteena on keksiä ratkaisu, jossa siirtojen määrä on mahdollisimman pieni. Kuinka lyhyen ratkaisun onnistut muodostamaan?</p>\n<p>Lyhimmän mahdollisen ratkaisun etsiminen käsin on hyvin vaikeaa, mutta tässäkin voi käyttää apuna ohjelmointia. 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diff --git a/page-data/osa-14/4-oma-peli/page-data.json b/page-data/osa-14/4-oma-peli/page-data.json
index 09eb02dc7..02bc8c8cf 100644
--- a/page-data/osa-14/4-oma-peli/page-data.json
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Peliä varten tehtäväpohjassa on joukko kuvia, joita voit käyttää pelissä. Älä käytä muita kuvia, jotta muutkin pystyvät kokeilemaan peliä koodin perusteella."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Saat päättää pelin aiheen itse, ja pelin tulisi olla suunnilleen saman laajuinen kuin tämän viikon esimerkki. 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Tämän jälkeen tutustu vielä kahden muun kurssilaisen peliin ja anna niille mielestäsi sopiva arvosana ja kirjoita lyhyt arvio peleistä. Ota arvioinnissa huomioon sekä pelin kiinnostavuus ja pelattavuus että koodin selkeys."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"pelin-lahettaminen","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin lähettäminen"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#pelin-lahettaminen","ariaLabel":"pelin lahettaminen permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelin lähetys onnistuu lähettämällä oma ohjelmakoodi TMC Paste -ominaisuuden avulla palvelimelle ja liittämällä linkki palautuslomakkeeseen."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Klikkaa ensin TMC-painiketta (silmän oikealla puolella oleva painike). Tämä avaa valikon, josta löydät oikean ominaisuuden kirjoittamalla hakukenttään sanan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"send"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 626px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 10.869565217391305%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAACCAIAAADXZGvcAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAAAWElEQVQI12PQsfGwDYy38o208Aw1tPcwsHM3tPcwtPfQtXbVwY307b2U1bUZhHXs+c1D+I19hY09lUwc5Y0c5IzslUwdhTUt+NXMBNSxIEF1M1lDeylFNQBUlRfSchJdXQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); 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Koska osassa on vain yksi tehtävä, "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"myös yritys hyväksytään"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Voit siis palauttaa pelisi vaikka se ei toimisikaan haluamallasi tavalla."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos et saa peliä toimimaan, kirjoita ohjelmakoodin kommentteihin miten pelin (tai jonkin puuttuvan ominaisuuden) olisi tarkoitus toimia."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun arvioit (osittain tai kokonaan) toimimatonta peliä, pyri arviossasi mahdollisuuksien mukaan kertomaan mitä pelin valmiiksi saaminen olisi mielestäsi vaatinut."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"peli-ideoita","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Peli-ideoita"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#peli-ideoita","ariaLabel":"peli ideoita permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit valita pelin aiheen vapaasti mutta tässä on joitakin ideoita. Pelin tekemisessä on hyötyä myös viikon 13 materiaalista."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"kerailypeli","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Keräilypeli"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#kerailypeli","ariaLabel":"kerailypeli permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelaaja liikuttaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudulla on kolikko, joka robotin tulee kerätä. Kun robotti saa kolikon, se siirtyy uuteen paikkaan."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudulla liikkuu myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"rahasade","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rahasade"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#rahasade","ariaLabel":"rahasade permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudun alareunassa on robotti, jota pelaaja voi liikuttaa vasemmalle tai oikealle"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Taivaalta sataa rahaa, jota robotin tulee kerätä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Taivaalta sataa myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"vertaisarviointi","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vertaisarviointi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#vertaisarviointi","ariaLabel":"vertaisarviointi permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Arvioi peliä esimerkiksi seuraavien kriteerien mukaan:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Miltä peli näyttää?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Onko peli "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pelattava"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ts. onko sen pelaaminen hauskaa ja sujuvaa?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Onko peli-idea kiinnostava?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Miten hyvin peliohjelma on kirjoitettu? Onko pelissä hyödynnetty tarvittavissa kohdin järkevästi funktioita ja luokkia?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hyvään arvioon kuuluu yleensä se, että löydät ohjelmasta sekä hyviä puolia että jotain kehitettävää."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a4f0c714-747c-5da9-b2c4-9f101f49be12"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"loppukysely","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Loppukysely"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#loppukysely","ariaLabel":"loppukysely permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa ensin osion loppukyselyyn..."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"072e5e5a-8a6c-5e2c-9701-7c6f9d323d91"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"...ja sitten vielä koko kurssin loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"ec5d26c4-c6d0-56a5-ae8f-2cf58cbe7f96"},"children":[]}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<h2 id=\"viikon-tehtava\" style=\"position:relative;\">Viikon tehtävä<a href=\"#viikon-tehtava\" aria-label=\"viikon tehtava permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tämän viikon tehtäväsi on tehdä oma pieni peli Pygamen avulla. Peliä varten tehtäväpohjassa on joukko kuvia, joita voit käyttää pelissä. Älä käytä muita kuvia, jotta muutkin pystyvät kokeilemaan peliä koodin perusteella.</p>\n<p>Saat päättää pelin aiheen itse, ja pelin tulisi olla suunnilleen saman laajuinen kuin tämän viikon esimerkki. Pelin tulisi noudattaa seuraavia vaatimuksia:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pelissä on hahmo, jota pelaaja pystyy liikuttamaan</li>\n<li>Pelissä on kerättäviä asioita ja/tai vihollisia</li>\n<li>Pelaajalla on jokin selkeä tavoite</li>\n<li>Pelissä on laskuri, joka näyttää, miten pelaaminen sujuu</li>\n<li>Pelin koodi on jaettu sopivasti funktioihin tämän viikon esimerkin tyylisesti</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Kun peli on valmis, lähetä se vertaisarviointiin alla olevan lomakkeen avulla. Tämän jälkeen tutustu vielä kahden muun kurssilaisen peliin ja anna niille mielestäsi sopiva arvosana ja kirjoita lyhyt arvio peleistä. Ota arvioinnissa huomioon sekä pelin kiinnostavuus ja pelattavuus että koodin selkeys.</p>\n<h3 id=\"pelin-lahettaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin lähettäminen<a href=\"#pelin-lahettaminen\" aria-label=\"pelin lahettaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<p>Pelin lähetys onnistuu lähettämällä oma ohjelmakoodi TMC Paste -ominaisuuden avulla palvelimelle ja liittämällä linkki palautuslomakkeeseen.</p>\n<p>Klikkaa ensin TMC-painiketta (silmän oikealla puolella oleva painike). Tämä avaa valikon, josta löydät oikean ominaisuuden kirjoittamalla hakukenttään sanan <code class=\"language-text\">send</code>:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 626px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 10.869565217391305%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAACCAIAAADXZGvcAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAAAWElEQVQI12PQsfGwDYy38o208Aw1tPcwsHM3tPcwtPfQtXbVwY307b2U1bUZhHXs+c1D+I19hY09lUwc5Y0c5IzslUwdhTUt+NXMBNSxIEF1M1lDeylFNQBUlRfSchJdXQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/a0b58/tmc_paste_1.webp 230w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/bc10c/tmc_paste_1.webp 460w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/63b03/tmc_paste_1.webp 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/81c8e/tmc_paste_1.png 230w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/08a84/tmc_paste_1.png 460w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 1\" title=\"tmc paste 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Kun klikkaat valintaa <code class=\"language-text\">Send Exercise to TMC Paste</code>, ruudun oikeaan alakulmaan putkahtaa tieto siitä, että ohjelmakoodi on lähetetty palvelimelle:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 463px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.521739130434778%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAAA40lEQVQY02XKW3KEIBQEUPeRivLwKggCFy4wTh46TrKG/GQXs4asJFloasxnuk519Uc3nQ7KZevROJwOxidQpuXQyaGTYyugFcMBWK8Y6NGiDcTU3HAdqb68v+2X7bK9btu6Xvf96bxEjBHRe59SSjGlRJnIGtML7t1cIvbaNm0/aqVjooDR++BcQIz3Zy6ZckqZ8rFLrfXkneMTMkPdFDuNDUzhVAgxLsu5llJzrqVmIgAQQkgppRBS/EUKxvjnl7392Nv3w/rRtDCBsr0yoCzo+eg7Mej/eK9YeOb5yml/NPkXc5s2qFqAD9IAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/a0b58/tmc_paste_2.webp 230w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/bc10c/tmc_paste_2.webp 460w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/a7d21/tmc_paste_2.webp 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/81c8e/tmc_paste_2.png 230w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/08a84/tmc_paste_2.png 460w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 2\" title=\"tmc paste 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Saat linkin kopioitua leikepöydälle klikkaamalla painiketta <code class=\"language-text\">Open URL</code> ja valitsemalla aukeavasta ikkunasta valihtoehdon <code class=\"language-text\">Copy</code>.</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 463px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 31.304347826086953%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAABHUlEQVQY002Ly07CQBhG+8A+lQuXunGLISyUpAO4oUiAkrbQmfnn2s6FztRSA4nRLydfchYnqfKdrMsiP56KgjE2fMcYuj6GGG//j7v2IYbOex9jnEwmyWwLT0vpXFBtZ1zUJjY2qjYY17e2b13f2Nje6LUJXHXG9dfrMI5jmqbJ4/z88HLyPhDhhL5Q6YV2VFiuPIaWcINpQ7ipaUOFxdy1NgzDb+ycG8fRaCk5tEoqKSRnQIngjAGVQmgpgBJSny8XP973FzPGStBZXu8qWhDJOQcApZSUEgA4F0prxhgAUABCCMaYEGKtnU6nCRD8ecDPb+nrbJluq2N+QAiVZVmVxQItsmyDMc7W6/n7x2q5WiCEUoTSdLP52u/3P8PDR9k+xN7gAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/a0b58/tmc_paste_3.webp 230w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/bc10c/tmc_paste_3.webp 460w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/a7d21/tmc_paste_3.webp 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/81c8e/tmc_paste_3.png 230w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/08a84/tmc_paste_3.png 460w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 3\" title=\"tmc paste 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Tämä linkki sinun tulee liittää palautuslomakkeeseen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"osan-14-arvioinnista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osan 14 arvioinnista<a href=\"#osan-14-arvioinnista\" aria-label=\"osan 14 arvioinnista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tämän viikon tavoitteena on saada aikaan toimiva peli. Koska osassa on vain yksi tehtävä, <em>myös yritys hyväksytään</em>. Voit siis palauttaa pelisi vaikka se ei toimisikaan haluamallasi tavalla.</p>\n<p>Jos et saa peliä toimimaan, kirjoita ohjelmakoodin kommentteihin miten pelin (tai jonkin puuttuvan ominaisuuden) olisi tarkoitus toimia.</p>\n<p>Kun arvioit (osittain tai kokonaan) toimimatonta peliä, pyri arviossasi mahdollisuuksien mukaan kertomaan mitä pelin valmiiksi saaminen olisi mielestäsi vaatinut.</p>\n<h2 id=\"peli-ideoita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Peli-ideoita<a href=\"#peli-ideoita\" aria-label=\"peli ideoita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Voit valita pelin aiheen vapaasti mutta tässä on joitakin ideoita. Pelin tekemisessä on hyötyä myös viikon 13 materiaalista.</p>\n<h3 id=\"kerailypeli\" style=\"position:relative;\">Keräilypeli<a href=\"#kerailypeli\" aria-label=\"kerailypeli permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Pelaaja liikuttaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä</li>\n<li>Ruudulla on kolikko, joka robotin tulee kerätä. Kun robotti saa kolikon, se siirtyy uuteen paikkaan.</li>\n<li>Ruudulla liikkuu myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"rahasade\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rahasade<a href=\"#rahasade\" aria-label=\"rahasade permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ruudun alareunassa on robotti, jota pelaaja voi liikuttaa vasemmalle tai oikealle</li>\n<li>Taivaalta sataa rahaa, jota robotin tulee kerätä.</li>\n<li>Taivaalta sataa myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"vertaisarviointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertaisarviointi<a href=\"#vertaisarviointi\" aria-label=\"vertaisarviointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Arvioi peliä esimerkiksi seuraavien kriteerien mukaan:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Miltä peli näyttää?</li>\n<li>Onko peli <em>pelattava</em>, ts. onko sen pelaaminen hauskaa ja sujuvaa?</li>\n<li>Onko peli-idea kiinnostava?</li>\n<li>Miten hyvin peliohjelma on kirjoitettu? Onko pelissä hyödynnetty tarvittavissa kohdin järkevästi funktioita ja luokkia?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Hyvään arvioon kuuluu yleensä se, että löydät ohjelmasta sekä hyviä puolia että jotain kehitettävää.</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"a4f0c714-747c-5da9-b2c4-9f101f49be12\"></quiz></div>\n<h2 id=\"loppukysely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppukysely<a href=\"#loppukysely\" aria-label=\"loppukysely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Vastaa ensin osion loppukyselyyn...</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"072e5e5a-8a6c-5e2c-9701-7c6f9d323d91\"></quiz></div>\n<p>...ja sitten vielä koko kurssin loppukyselyyn:</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"ec5d26c4-c6d0-56a5-ae8f-2cf58cbe7f96\"></quiz></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/4-oma-peli","title":"Oma peli"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/4-oma-peli.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Koska osassa on vain yksi tehtävä, "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"myös yritys hyväksytään"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Voit siis palauttaa pelisi vaikka se ei toimisikaan haluamallasi tavalla."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos et saa peliä toimimaan, kirjoita ohjelmakoodin kommentteihin miten pelin (tai jonkin puuttuvan ominaisuuden) olisi tarkoitus toimia."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun arvioit (osittain tai kokonaan) toimimatonta peliä, pyri arviossasi mahdollisuuksien mukaan kertomaan mitä pelin valmiiksi saaminen olisi mielestäsi vaatinut."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"peli-ideoita","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Peli-ideoita"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#peli-ideoita","ariaLabel":"peli ideoita permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit valita pelin aiheen vapaasti mutta tässä on joitakin ideoita. Pelin tekemisessä on hyötyä myös viikon 13 materiaalista."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"kerailypeli","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Keräilypeli"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#kerailypeli","ariaLabel":"kerailypeli permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pelaaja liikuttaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudulla on kolikko, joka robotin tulee kerätä. Kun robotti saa kolikon, se siirtyy uuteen paikkaan."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudulla liikkuu myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"rahasade","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rahasade"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#rahasade","ariaLabel":"rahasade permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruudun alareunassa on robotti, jota pelaaja voi liikuttaa vasemmalle tai oikealle"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Taivaalta sataa rahaa, jota robotin tulee kerätä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Taivaalta sataa myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"vertaisarviointi","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vertaisarviointi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#vertaisarviointi","ariaLabel":"vertaisarviointi permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Arvioi peliä esimerkiksi seuraavien kriteerien mukaan:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Miltä peli näyttää?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Onko peli "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pelattava"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ts. onko sen pelaaminen hauskaa ja sujuvaa?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Onko peli-idea kiinnostava?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Miten hyvin peliohjelma on kirjoitettu? Onko pelissä hyödynnetty tarvittavissa kohdin järkevästi funktioita ja luokkia?"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hyvään arvioon kuuluu yleensä se, että löydät ohjelmasta sekä hyviä puolia että jotain kehitettävää."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a4f0c714-747c-5da9-b2c4-9f101f49be12"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"loppukysely","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Loppukysely"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#loppukysely","ariaLabel":"loppukysely permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa ensin osion loppukyselyyn..."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"072e5e5a-8a6c-5e2c-9701-7c6f9d323d91"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"...ja sitten vielä koko kurssin loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"ec5d26c4-c6d0-56a5-ae8f-2cf58cbe7f96"},"children":[]}]}],"data":{"quirksMode":false}},"html":"<h2 id=\"viikon-tehtava\" style=\"position:relative;\">Viikon tehtävä<a href=\"#viikon-tehtava\" aria-label=\"viikon tehtava permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tämän viikon tehtäväsi on tehdä oma pieni peli Pygamen avulla. Peliä varten tehtäväpohjassa on joukko kuvia, joita voit käyttää pelissä. Älä käytä muita kuvia, jotta muutkin pystyvät kokeilemaan peliä koodin perusteella.</p>\n<p>Saat päättää pelin aiheen itse, ja pelin tulisi olla suunnilleen saman laajuinen kuin tämän viikon esimerkki. Pelin tulisi noudattaa seuraavia vaatimuksia:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pelissä on hahmo, jota pelaaja pystyy liikuttamaan</li>\n<li>Pelissä on kerättäviä asioita ja/tai vihollisia</li>\n<li>Pelaajalla on jokin selkeä tavoite</li>\n<li>Pelissä on laskuri, joka näyttää, miten pelaaminen sujuu</li>\n<li>Pelin koodi on jaettu sopivasti funktioihin tämän viikon esimerkin tyylisesti</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Kun peli on valmis, lähetä se vertaisarviointiin alla olevan lomakkeen avulla. Tämän jälkeen tutustu vielä kahden muun kurssilaisen peliin ja anna niille mielestäsi sopiva arvosana ja kirjoita lyhyt arvio peleistä. Ota arvioinnissa huomioon sekä pelin kiinnostavuus ja pelattavuus että koodin selkeys.</p>\n<h3 id=\"pelin-lahettaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pelin lähettäminen<a href=\"#pelin-lahettaminen\" aria-label=\"pelin lahettaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<p>Pelin lähetys onnistuu lähettämällä oma ohjelmakoodi TMC Paste -ominaisuuden avulla palvelimelle ja liittämällä linkki palautuslomakkeeseen.</p>\n<p>Klikkaa ensin TMC-painiketta (silmän oikealla puolella oleva painike). Tämä avaa valikon, josta löydät oikean ominaisuuden kirjoittamalla hakukenttään sanan <code class=\"language-text\">send</code>:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 626px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 10.869565217391305%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAACCAIAAADXZGvcAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAAAWElEQVQI12PQsfGwDYy38o208Aw1tPcwsHM3tPcwtPfQtXbVwY307b2U1bUZhHXs+c1D+I19hY09lUwc5Y0c5IzslUwdhTUt+NXMBNSxIEF1M1lDeylFNQBUlRfSchJdXQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/a0b58/tmc_paste_1.webp 230w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/bc10c/tmc_paste_1.webp 460w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/63b03/tmc_paste_1.webp 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/81c8e/tmc_paste_1.png 230w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/08a84/tmc_paste_1.png 460w,\n/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png 626w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6bf3f5cce371044c253dc34c755ee566/af590/tmc_paste_1.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 1\" title=\"tmc paste 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Kun klikkaat valintaa <code class=\"language-text\">Send Exercise to TMC Paste</code>, ruudun oikeaan alakulmaan putkahtaa tieto siitä, että ohjelmakoodi on lähetetty palvelimelle:</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 463px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.521739130434778%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAAA40lEQVQY02XKW3KEIBQEUPeRivLwKggCFy4wTh46TrKG/GQXs4asJFloasxnuk519Uc3nQ7KZevROJwOxidQpuXQyaGTYyugFcMBWK8Y6NGiDcTU3HAdqb68v+2X7bK9btu6Xvf96bxEjBHRe59SSjGlRJnIGtML7t1cIvbaNm0/aqVjooDR++BcQIz3Zy6ZckqZ8rFLrfXkneMTMkPdFDuNDUzhVAgxLsu5llJzrqVmIgAQQkgppRBS/EUKxvjnl7392Nv3w/rRtDCBsr0yoCzo+eg7Mej/eK9YeOb5yml/NPkXc5s2qFqAD9IAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/a0b58/tmc_paste_2.webp 230w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/bc10c/tmc_paste_2.webp 460w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/a7d21/tmc_paste_2.webp 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/81c8e/tmc_paste_2.png 230w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/08a84/tmc_paste_2.png 460w,\n/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8513d666220a4b7cb4b0fe987d121287/71ce0/tmc_paste_2.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 2\" title=\"tmc paste 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Saat linkin kopioitua leikepöydälle klikkaamalla painiketta <code class=\"language-text\">Open URL</code> ja valitsemalla aukeavasta ikkunasta valihtoehdon <code class=\"language-text\">Copy</code>.</p>\n<span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 463px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 31.304347826086953%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAAA7DAAAOwwHHb6hkAAABHUlEQVQY002Ly07CQBhG+8A+lQuXunGLISyUpAO4oUiAkrbQmfnn2s6FztRSA4nRLydfchYnqfKdrMsiP56KgjE2fMcYuj6GGG//j7v2IYbOex9jnEwmyWwLT0vpXFBtZ1zUJjY2qjYY17e2b13f2Nje6LUJXHXG9dfrMI5jmqbJ4/z88HLyPhDhhL5Q6YV2VFiuPIaWcINpQ7ipaUOFxdy1NgzDb+ycG8fRaCk5tEoqKSRnQIngjAGVQmgpgBJSny8XP973FzPGStBZXu8qWhDJOQcApZSUEgA4F0prxhgAUABCCMaYEGKtnU6nCRD8ecDPb+nrbJluq2N+QAiVZVmVxQItsmyDMc7W6/n7x2q5WiCEUoTSdLP52u/3P8PDR9k+xN7gAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/a0b58/tmc_paste_3.webp 230w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/bc10c/tmc_paste_3.webp 460w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/a7d21/tmc_paste_3.webp 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/81c8e/tmc_paste_3.png 230w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/08a84/tmc_paste_3.png 460w,\n/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png 463w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9de4d62e51a1cf0025cc5500310d1edf/71ce0/tmc_paste_3.png\" alt=\"tmc paste 3\" title=\"tmc paste 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span>\n<p>Tämä linkki sinun tulee liittää palautuslomakkeeseen.</p>\n<h2 id=\"osan-14-arvioinnista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osan 14 arvioinnista<a href=\"#osan-14-arvioinnista\" aria-label=\"osan 14 arvioinnista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Tämän viikon tavoitteena on saada aikaan toimiva peli. Koska osassa on vain yksi tehtävä, <em>myös yritys hyväksytään</em>. Voit siis palauttaa pelisi vaikka se ei toimisikaan haluamallasi tavalla.</p>\n<p>Jos et saa peliä toimimaan, kirjoita ohjelmakoodin kommentteihin miten pelin (tai jonkin puuttuvan ominaisuuden) olisi tarkoitus toimia.</p>\n<p>Kun arvioit (osittain tai kokonaan) toimimatonta peliä, pyri arviossasi mahdollisuuksien mukaan kertomaan mitä pelin valmiiksi saaminen olisi mielestäsi vaatinut.</p>\n<h2 id=\"peli-ideoita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Peli-ideoita<a href=\"#peli-ideoita\" aria-label=\"peli ideoita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Voit valita pelin aiheen vapaasti mutta tässä on joitakin ideoita. Pelin tekemisessä on hyötyä myös viikon 13 materiaalista.</p>\n<h3 id=\"kerailypeli\" style=\"position:relative;\">Keräilypeli<a href=\"#kerailypeli\" aria-label=\"kerailypeli permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Pelaaja liikuttaa robottia nuolinäppäimillä</li>\n<li>Ruudulla on kolikko, joka robotin tulee kerätä. Kun robotti saa kolikon, se siirtyy uuteen paikkaan.</li>\n<li>Ruudulla liikkuu myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"rahasade\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rahasade<a href=\"#rahasade\" aria-label=\"rahasade permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ruudun alareunassa on robotti, jota pelaaja voi liikuttaa vasemmalle tai oikealle</li>\n<li>Taivaalta sataa rahaa, jota robotin tulee kerätä.</li>\n<li>Taivaalta sataa myös hirviöitä, joita robotin tulee väistellä.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"vertaisarviointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vertaisarviointi<a href=\"#vertaisarviointi\" aria-label=\"vertaisarviointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Arvioi peliä esimerkiksi seuraavien kriteerien mukaan:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Miltä peli näyttää?</li>\n<li>Onko peli <em>pelattava</em>, ts. onko sen pelaaminen hauskaa ja sujuvaa?</li>\n<li>Onko peli-idea kiinnostava?</li>\n<li>Miten hyvin peliohjelma on kirjoitettu? Onko pelissä hyödynnetty tarvittavissa kohdin järkevästi funktioita ja luokkia?</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Hyvään arvioon kuuluu yleensä se, että löydät ohjelmasta sekä hyviä puolia että jotain kehitettävää.</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"a4f0c714-747c-5da9-b2c4-9f101f49be12\"></quiz></div>\n<h2 id=\"loppukysely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppukysely<a href=\"#loppukysely\" aria-label=\"loppukysely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2>\n<p>Vastaa ensin osion loppukyselyyn...</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"072e5e5a-8a6c-5e2c-9701-7c6f9d323d91\"></quiz></div>\n<p>...ja sitten vielä koko kurssin loppukyselyyn:</p>\n<div><quiz id=\"ec5d26c4-c6d0-56a5-ae8f-2cf58cbe7f96\"></quiz></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-14/4-oma-peli","title":"Oma peli"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-14/4-oma-peli.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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diff --git a/page-data/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja/page-data.json b/page-data/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja/page-data.json
index c153d54e9..601bd2c77 100644
--- a/page-data/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja/page-data.json
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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lattiafunktiosta"}]},{"type":"text","value":"):"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8.99"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLämpötila on 8.99\n...eli pyöreästi 8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee int-funktiota hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä desimaaliluvun ja tulostaa erikseen luvun kokonaisosan ja desimaaliosan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom! Voit olettaa, että annettu desimaaliluku on suurempi kuin nolla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1.34"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKokonaisosa: 1\nDesimaaliosa: 0.34"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d267e7eb-f4cb-51db-9089-d1a49994f1f1"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet keskeistä ohjelmoinnin termistöä</li>\n<li>Tiedät lauseen ja lausekkeen eron</li>\n<li>Osaat selvittää lausekkeen arvon tyypin</li>\n<li>Opit etsimään virheitä debuggauksen avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Emme vielä kurssin ensimmäisessä osassa kiinnittäneet kovin tarkasti huomiota ohjelmoinnin terminologiaan. Nyt on hyvä hetki tutustua joihinkin käsitteisiin.</p><h2 id=\"lause\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lause<a href=\"#lause\" aria-label=\"lause permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lause</em> (engl. <em>statement</em>) tarkoittaa ohjelman osaa, joka suorittaa jonkin toiminnon. Usein lause viittaa yksittäiseen komentoon.</p><p>Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">print(\"Moi!\")</code> on lause, joka tulostaa rivin tekstiä,\nja <code class=\"language-text\">luku = 2</code> on lause, joka asettaa muuttujalle arvon.</p><p>Lause voi olla myös monimutkaisempi, ja sen sisällä voi olla muita lauseita.\nEsimerkiksi seuraava ehtolause muodostuu kolmesta rivistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa ehtolauseen sisällä on kaksi lausetta.</p><h2 id=\"lohko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lohko<a href=\"#lohko\" aria-label=\"lohko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lohko</em> (engl. <em>block</em>) on joukko peräkkäin sijoitettuja lauseita, jotka ovat samalla tasolla ohjelman rakenteessa. Esimerkiksi ehtolauseessa lohkossa ovat lauseet, jotka suoritetaan ehdon ollessa tosi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ehtolauseessa oleva lohko alkaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nyt vuoden vanhempi...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># lohko loppuu</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on eri lohkossa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pythonissa lohko ilmaistaan sisentämällä lohkon koodi eli lauseet samalle tasolle.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että Python-ohjelman \"päälohkon\" on oltava sisennetty tiedoston vasempaan reunaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ohjelma ei toimi sillä koodia ei ole sisennetty vasempaan reunaan</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei maailma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"huono ohjelma...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"lauseke\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lauseke<a href=\"#lauseke\" aria-label=\"lauseke permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lauseke</em> (engl. <em>expression</em>) on koodin osa, jolla on jokin tyyppi. Ohjelman suorituksen aikana lauseke saa arvon, jota voidaan käyttää ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan muutamaa esimerkkiä lausekkeista:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lauseke</th>\n<th>Arvo</th>\n<th>Tyyppi</th>\n<th>Tyyppi Pythonissa</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 + 4 + 3</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9</code></td>\n<td>kokonaisluku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">int</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"abc\" + \"de\"</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"abcde\"</code></td>\n<td>merkkijono</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">str</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">11 / 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">5.5</code></td>\n<td>liukuluku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">float</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 * 5 > 9</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">True</code></td>\n<td>totuusarvo</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">bool</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Koska lausekkeella on arvo, voi sen sijoittaa muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muuttuja x saa arvoksi lausekkeen 1 + 2 arvon</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Yksinkertaisesta lausekkeesta saa muodostettua monimutkaisempia lausekkeita esim. laskuoperaattorien avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muuttuja y saa arvoksi lausekkeen '3 kertaa x plus x toiseen' arvon</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"funktio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktio<a href=\"#funktio\" aria-label=\"funktio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Funktio</em> (engl. <em>function</em>) suorittaa jonkin toiminnon. Funktiolla voi olla yksi tai useampi <em>parametri</em> (engl. <em>parameter</em>), jotka ilmaisevat, mitä funktion tulee tehdä tarkalleen.</p><p>Funktio suoritetaan, kun sitä <em>kutsutaan</em> eli koodissa on funktion nimi ja funktiolle annettavat parametrit suluissa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kutsuu <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-funktiota parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">\"tämä on parametri\"</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on parametri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Myös käyttäjältä syötteitä lukeva <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> on funktio. Parametrina funktio saa käyttäjälle näytettävän viestin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kerro nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa funktio <em>palauttaa</em> arvon, mikä tarkoittaa, että funktion kutsukohtaan ilmestyy arvo funktion suorituksen jälkeen. Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> palauttama arvo on käyttäjän syöttämä teksti merkkijonona. Funktion palauttama arvo sijoitetaan usein muuttujan arvoksi, jotta arvoa voidaan hyödyntää ohjelmassa.</p><h2 id=\"tyyppi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyyppi<a href=\"#tyyppi\" aria-label=\"tyyppi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Tyyppi</em> (engl. <em>type</em>) tarkoittaa, millainen jokin koodissa esiintyvä arvo on. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa koodissa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> tyyppi on merkkijono ja muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> tyyppi on kokonaisluku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">type</code> kertoo annetun lausekkeen tyypin. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;class 'str'>\n&#x3C;class 'int'></p></sample-output><h2 id=\"syntaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syntaksi<a href=\"#syntaksi\" aria-label=\"syntaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Syntaksi</em> (engl. <em>syntax</em>) määrittää, miten ohjelman koodi tulee kirjoittaa. Jokaisella ohjelmointikielellä on omanlainen syntaksinsa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi Python-kielen syntaksiin kuuluu, että <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lauseen aloitusrivin lopussa on kaksoispiste ja ehtoon kuuluva koodi on sisennetty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos ohjelmointikielen syntaksia ei noudateta, seurauksena on virheilmoitus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n  File \"testi.py\", line 1\n    if nimi == \"Anna\"\n                    ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre></sample-output><h2 id=\"debuggaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debuggaaminen<a href=\"#debuggaaminen\" aria-label=\"debuggaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun ohjelman syntaksi on kunnossa mutta ohjelma ei toimi halutulla tavalla, ohjelmassa on <em>bugi</em>.</p><p>Bugit ilmenevät eri tavoin. Jotkin bugit aiheuttavat suoritusaikaisen virheen. Esim. ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> y\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> jaettuna </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>aiheuttaa seuraavan virheen:</p><sample-output><pre>\nZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero on line 3\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ongelma on siis siinä, että nollalla jakaminen ei ole sallittua ja se keskeyttää ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Suoritusaikaiseen virheeseen johtavat bugit ovat usein helpohkoja korjata, sillä virheen aiheuttava rivi selviää virheilmoituksesta. Tosin virheen varsinainen syy eli bugi on usein muualla kuin virheilmoituksen aiheuttaneessa rivissä.</p><p>Joskus bugi taas ilmenee siten, että koodin tuottama tulos on virheellinen. Tälläisten bugien havaitseminen ja niiden syyn paikallistaminen voi olla haastavaa. Kurssin tehtävissä testit paljastavat usein juuri tämän kategorian bugeja. Ennen kuin ongelma päästään korjaamaan, on bugi paikallistettava.</p><p>Koodarijargonissa bugien syiden selvittämistä kutsutaan <em>debuggaamiseksi</em>. Debuggaaminen on äärimmäisen keskeinen taito, ja ammatikseen ohjelmoivat käyttävät usein enemmän aikaa debuggaamiseen kuin varsinaiseen ohjelmointiin.</p><p>Yksinkertainen mutta tehokas debuggauskeino on lisätä ohjelmaan debug-tulostuksia eli <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoja, joiden avulla varmistetaan, että koodissa tapahtuu ohjelmoijan olettamia asioita.</p><p>Seuraavassa on ratkaisuyritys yhteen <a href=\"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne\">edellisen osan</a> tehtävään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntipalkka: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Työtunnit: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma ei näytä toimivan oikein ja testien suoritus kertoo seuraavaa:</p><sample-output><pre>\nFAIL: PalkkaTest: test_sunnuntai_1\n\nSyötteellä 23.0, 12, sunnuntai oikeaa palkkaa 552.0 ei löydy tulosteestasi Palkka 276.0 euroa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen askel debuggaamisessa on useimmiten kokeilla ohjelmaa ongelmallisella syötteellä. Kokeilu varmistaa, että tulos ei ole haluttu:</p><sample-output><p>Palkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Debugattaessa ohjelman toimintaa kokeillaan usein. Voikin olla hyödyllisä \"kovakoodata\" ongelman aiheuttavat syötteet suoraan koodiin sen sijaan, että ne kysyttäisiin joka kerta käyttäjältä. Tämä onnistuu esimerkiksi muuttamalla koodia tilapäisesti seuraavalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tuntipalkka = float(input(\"Tuntipalkka: \"))</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tunnit = int(input(\"Työtunnit: \"))</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># paiva = input(\"Viikonpäivä: \")</span>\ntuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">23.0</span>\ntunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span>\npaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava askel on lisäillä koodiin <em>debug-tulostuksia</em>. Koska nimenomaan sunnuntain palkka lasketaan väärin, laitetaan sen hoitavaan osaan tulostukset korotusta ennen ja sen jälkeen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma nyt suoritetaan, ei debug-tulostuksia jostain syystä näy ollenkaan. Vaikuttaa siltä, että ohjelman suoritus ei edes mene if-haaraan. Komennon ehdossa täytyy siis olla jokin ongelma. Myös ehdon arvo voidaan tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token operator\">==</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ja tosiaan, kun koodi suoritetaan, ehdon arvo on <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> eli koodi hyppää if-lohkon ohi:</p><sample-output><p>ehto:  False\nPalkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Vian täytyy siis olla if-komennon ehdossa, ja kun sitä katsotaan tarkemmin, huomataan, että <em>sunnuntai</em> on vahingossa kirjoitettu väärin. Korjataan typo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token operator\">==</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin suoritus aiheuttaa nyt seuraavan tulostuksen:</p><sample-output><p>ehto: True\npalkka alussa: 276.0\npalkka kasvatuksen jälkeen: 276.0\nPalkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Koska <code class=\"language-text\">tuntipalkka = 23.0</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">tunnit = 12</code>, vaikuttaa muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">palkka</code> olevan oikea arvo aluksi, mutta kasvatuskomento ei kuitenkaan kasvata muuttujan arvoa. Komento on siis mitä ilmeisimmin virheellinen. Ja toden totta, komento</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>ainoastaan laskee tuplapalkan mutta ei tee tulokselle mitään. Korjataan komento muotoon, joka tallentaa korotetun palkan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">palkka</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan nyt, huomataan että lopputuloskin on oikea:</p><sample-output><p>ehto:  True\npalkka alussa: 276.0\npalkka kasvatuksen jälkeen: 552.0\nPalkka 552.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Kun ohjelma on kunnossa, tulee debuggaustulosteet ja muu debuggauksen takia kirjoitettu ylimääräinen koodi poistaa.</p><p>Esimerkki oli yksinkertainen ja näin lyhyessä ohjelmassa oleva bugi selviäisi varmasti myös koodia lukemalla. Monesti kuitenkin debug-tulostuksilla pääsee huomattavasti nopeammin jyvälle siitä, missä vika piilee. Tulostamalla voidaan usein varmistua siitä, mitkä osat ohjelmasta toimivat \"varmuudella\" oikein, ja bugien jäljitys voidaan nopeasti kohdistaa niihin koodiriveihin, joissa ongelma todennäköisesti piileskelee.</p><p>Debuggaukseen on olemassa muitakin keinoja kuin debug-tulostusten tekeminen. Palaamme asiaan myöhemmin kurssilla. Sinun kannattaa tästä lähtien kurssilla käyttää debug-tulostamista virheiden etsimiseen. Ohjelmoinnin ammattilaiset eivät selviä työstään ilman debug-tulostuksia, joten on vaikea kuvitella, ettei aloittelijoidenkin kannattaisi laajentaa työkalupakkiaan tältä osin.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa virheet\" tmcname=\"osa02-01_korjaa_virheet\" height=\"400px\"><p>Seuraavassa ohjelmassa on useita <em>syntaksivirheitä</em>. Korjaa ohjelma siten, että syntaksi on kunnossa ja se toimii alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">  luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku oli suurempi kuin sata\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\"Nyt luvun arvo on pienentynyt sadalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n     <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arvo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\"Hyvää päivänjatkoa!<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>13</strong>\n13 taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\nHyvää päivänjatkoa!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>101</strong>\nLuku oli suurempi kuin sata\nNyt luvun arvo on pienentynyt sadalla\nArvo on nyt 1\n1 taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\nHyvää päivänjatkoa!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Merkkien määrä\" tmcname=\"osa02-02_merkkien_maara\"><p>Funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> voidaan laskea (muun muassa) merkkijonon pituus. Funktio palauttaa merkkijonossa olevien merkkien määrän.</p><p>Esimerkkejä funktion toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcd\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heipparallaa\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntyhja_merkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tyhja_merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4\n6\n12\n0</p></sample-output><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä sanan ja tulostaa sanan merkkien määrän, mikäli niitä on enemmän kuin yksi.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: hei\nSanassa hei on 3 kirjainta\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: banaani\nSanassa banaani on 7 kirjainta\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: b\nKiitos!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tyyppimuunnos\" tmcname=\"osa02-03_tyyppimuunnos\"><p>Pythonissa voidaan usein muuntaa jokin arvo tyypistä toiseen. Esimerkiksi liukuluku voidaan muuntaa kokonaisluvuksi funktion <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlampo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lämpötila: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lämpötila on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lampo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"...eli pyöreästi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lampo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila: <strong>5.15</strong>\nLämpötila on 5.15\n...eli pyöreästi 5</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio ei pyöristä arvoa matematiikasta tutulla tavalla, vaan pyöristää luvun alaspäin (kyse on siis ns. <em>lattiafunktiosta</em>):</p><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila: <strong>8.99</strong>\nLämpötila on 8.99\n...eli pyöreästi 8</p></sample-output><p>Tee int-funktiota hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä desimaaliluvun ja tulostaa erikseen luvun kokonaisosan ja desimaaliosan.</p><p>Huom! Voit olettaa, että annettu desimaaliluku on suurempi kuin nolla.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1.34</strong>\nKokonaisosa: 1\nDesimaaliosa: 0.34</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"d267e7eb-f4cb-51db-9089-d1a49994f1f1\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja","title":"Ohjelmoinnin termejä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Usein lause viittaa yksittäiseen komentoon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print(\"Moi!\")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on lause, joka tulostaa rivin tekstiä,\nja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"luku = 2"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on lause, joka asettaa muuttujalle arvon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lause voi olla myös monimutkaisempi, ja sen sisällä voi olla muita lauseita.\nEsimerkiksi seuraava ehtolause muodostuu kolmesta rivistä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" nimi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Anna\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Moi!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    luku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä tapauksessa ehtolauseen sisällä on kaksi lausetta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"lohko","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lohko"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#lohko","ariaLabel":"lohko permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lohko"}]},{"type":"text","value":" (engl. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"block"}]},{"type":"text","value":") on joukko peräkkäin sijoitettuja lauseita, jotka ovat samalla tasolla ohjelman rakenteessa. Esimerkiksi ehtolauseessa lohkossa ovat lauseet, jotka suoritetaan ehdon ollessa tosi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ika "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"17"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    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reunaan:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# tämä ohjelma ei toimi sillä koodia ei ole sisennetty vasempaan reunaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"hei maailma\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"huono ohjelma...\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"lauseke","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lauseke"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#lauseke","ariaLabel":"lauseke 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ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä sanan ja tulostaa sanan merkkien määrän, mikäli niitä on enemmän kuin yksi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna sana: hei\nSanassa hei on 3 kirjainta\nKiitos!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna sana: banaani\nSanassa banaani on 7 kirjainta\nKiitos!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna sana: b\nKiitos!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Tyyppimuunnos","tmcname":"osa02-03_tyyppimuunnos"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonissa voidaan usein muuntaa jokin arvo tyypistä toiseen. Esimerkiksi liukuluku voidaan muuntaa kokonaisluvuksi funktion "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"text","value":" avulla:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nlampo "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"float"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Anna lämpötila: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Lämpötila on\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" lampo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"...eli pyöreästi\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lampo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5.15"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLämpötila on 5.15\n...eli pyöreästi 5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että funktio ei pyöristä arvoa matematiikasta tutulla tavalla, vaan pyöristää luvun alaspäin (kyse on siis ns. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lattiafunktiosta"}]},{"type":"text","value":"):"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lämpötila: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8.99"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLämpötila on 8.99\n...eli pyöreästi 8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee int-funktiota hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä desimaaliluvun ja tulostaa erikseen luvun kokonaisosan ja desimaaliosan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom! Voit olettaa, että annettu desimaaliluku on suurempi kuin nolla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1.34"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKokonaisosa: 1\nDesimaaliosa: 0.34"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d267e7eb-f4cb-51db-9089-d1a49994f1f1"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet keskeistä ohjelmoinnin termistöä</li>\n<li>Tiedät lauseen ja lausekkeen eron</li>\n<li>Osaat selvittää lausekkeen arvon tyypin</li>\n<li>Opit etsimään virheitä debuggauksen avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Emme vielä kurssin ensimmäisessä osassa kiinnittäneet kovin tarkasti huomiota ohjelmoinnin terminologiaan. Nyt on hyvä hetki tutustua joihinkin käsitteisiin.</p><h2 id=\"lause\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lause<a href=\"#lause\" aria-label=\"lause permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lause</em> (engl. <em>statement</em>) tarkoittaa ohjelman osaa, joka suorittaa jonkin toiminnon. Usein lause viittaa yksittäiseen komentoon.</p><p>Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">print(\"Moi!\")</code> on lause, joka tulostaa rivin tekstiä,\nja <code class=\"language-text\">luku = 2</code> on lause, joka asettaa muuttujalle arvon.</p><p>Lause voi olla myös monimutkaisempi, ja sen sisällä voi olla muita lauseita.\nEsimerkiksi seuraava ehtolause muodostuu kolmesta rivistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa ehtolauseen sisällä on kaksi lausetta.</p><h2 id=\"lohko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lohko<a href=\"#lohko\" aria-label=\"lohko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lohko</em> (engl. <em>block</em>) on joukko peräkkäin sijoitettuja lauseita, jotka ovat samalla tasolla ohjelman rakenteessa. Esimerkiksi ehtolauseessa lohkossa ovat lauseet, jotka suoritetaan ehdon ollessa tosi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ehtolauseessa oleva lohko alkaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olet täysi-ikäinen!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nyt vuoden vanhempi...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># lohko loppuu</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on eri lohkossa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pythonissa lohko ilmaistaan sisentämällä lohkon koodi eli lauseet samalle tasolle.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että Python-ohjelman \"päälohkon\" on oltava sisennetty tiedoston vasempaan reunaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ohjelma ei toimi sillä koodia ei ole sisennetty vasempaan reunaan</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei maailma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"huono ohjelma...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"lauseke\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lauseke<a href=\"#lauseke\" aria-label=\"lauseke permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Lauseke</em> (engl. <em>expression</em>) on koodin osa, jolla on jokin tyyppi. Ohjelman suorituksen aikana lauseke saa arvon, jota voidaan käyttää ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan muutamaa esimerkkiä lausekkeista:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lauseke</th>\n<th>Arvo</th>\n<th>Tyyppi</th>\n<th>Tyyppi Pythonissa</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 + 4 + 3</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">9</code></td>\n<td>kokonaisluku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">int</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"abc\" + \"de\"</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"abcde\"</code></td>\n<td>merkkijono</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">str</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">11 / 2</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">5.5</code></td>\n<td>liukuluku</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">float</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">2 * 5 > 9</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">True</code></td>\n<td>totuusarvo</td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">bool</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Koska lausekkeella on arvo, voi sen sijoittaa muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muuttuja x saa arvoksi lausekkeen 1 + 2 arvon</span>\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Yksinkertaisesta lausekkeesta saa muodostettua monimutkaisempia lausekkeita esim. laskuoperaattorien avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muuttuja y saa arvoksi lausekkeen '3 kertaa x plus x toiseen' arvon</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"funktio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktio<a href=\"#funktio\" aria-label=\"funktio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Funktio</em> (engl. <em>function</em>) suorittaa jonkin toiminnon. Funktiolla voi olla yksi tai useampi <em>parametri</em> (engl. <em>parameter</em>), jotka ilmaisevat, mitä funktion tulee tehdä tarkalleen.</p><p>Funktio suoritetaan, kun sitä <em>kutsutaan</em> eli koodissa on funktion nimi ja funktiolle annettavat parametrit suluissa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kutsuu <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-funktiota parametrilla <code class=\"language-text\">\"tämä on parametri\"</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on parametri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Myös käyttäjältä syötteitä lukeva <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> on funktio. Parametrina funktio saa käyttäjälle näytettävän viestin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kerro nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa funktio <em>palauttaa</em> arvon, mikä tarkoittaa, että funktion kutsukohtaan ilmestyy arvo funktion suorituksen jälkeen. Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> palauttama arvo on käyttäjän syöttämä teksti merkkijonona. Funktion palauttama arvo sijoitetaan usein muuttujan arvoksi, jotta arvoa voidaan hyödyntää ohjelmassa.</p><h2 id=\"tyyppi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyyppi<a href=\"#tyyppi\" aria-label=\"tyyppi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Tyyppi</em> (engl. <em>type</em>) tarkoittaa, millainen jokin koodissa esiintyvä arvo on. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa koodissa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> tyyppi on merkkijono ja muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> tyyppi on kokonaisluku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">type</code> kertoo annetun lausekkeen tyypin. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">type</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>&#x3C;class 'str'>\n&#x3C;class 'int'></p></sample-output><h2 id=\"syntaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syntaksi<a href=\"#syntaksi\" aria-label=\"syntaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p><em>Syntaksi</em> (engl. <em>syntax</em>) määrittää, miten ohjelman koodi tulee kirjoittaa. Jokaisella ohjelmointikielellä on omanlainen syntaksinsa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi Python-kielen syntaksiin kuuluu, että <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lauseen aloitusrivin lopussa on kaksoispiste ja ehtoon kuuluva koodi on sisennetty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos ohjelmointikielen syntaksia ei noudateta, seurauksena on virheilmoitus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Anna\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n  File \"testi.py\", line 1\n    if nimi == \"Anna\"\n                    ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax\n</pre></sample-output><h2 id=\"debuggaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debuggaaminen<a href=\"#debuggaaminen\" aria-label=\"debuggaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun ohjelman syntaksi on kunnossa mutta ohjelma ei toimi halutulla tavalla, ohjelmassa on <em>bugi</em>.</p><p>Bugit ilmenevät eri tavoin. Jotkin bugit aiheuttavat suoritusaikaisen virheen. Esim. ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> y\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> jaettuna </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>aiheuttaa seuraavan virheen:</p><sample-output><pre>\nZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero on line 3\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ongelma on siis siinä, että nollalla jakaminen ei ole sallittua ja se keskeyttää ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Suoritusaikaiseen virheeseen johtavat bugit ovat usein helpohkoja korjata, sillä virheen aiheuttava rivi selviää virheilmoituksesta. Tosin virheen varsinainen syy eli bugi on usein muualla kuin virheilmoituksen aiheuttaneessa rivissä.</p><p>Joskus bugi taas ilmenee siten, että koodin tuottama tulos on virheellinen. Tälläisten bugien havaitseminen ja niiden syyn paikallistaminen voi olla haastavaa. Kurssin tehtävissä testit paljastavat usein juuri tämän kategorian bugeja. Ennen kuin ongelma päästään korjaamaan, on bugi paikallistettava.</p><p>Koodarijargonissa bugien syiden selvittämistä kutsutaan <em>debuggaamiseksi</em>. Debuggaaminen on äärimmäisen keskeinen taito, ja ammatikseen ohjelmoivat käyttävät usein enemmän aikaa debuggaamiseen kuin varsinaiseen ohjelmointiin.</p><p>Yksinkertainen mutta tehokas debuggauskeino on lisätä ohjelmaan debug-tulostuksia eli <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoja, joiden avulla varmistetaan, että koodissa tapahtuu ohjelmoijan olettamia asioita.</p><p>Seuraavassa on ratkaisuyritys yhteen <a href=\"/osa-1/5-ehtorakenne\">edellisen osan</a> tehtävään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tuntipalkka: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Työtunnit: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma ei näytä toimivan oikein ja testien suoritus kertoo seuraavaa:</p><sample-output><pre>\nFAIL: PalkkaTest: test_sunnuntai_1\n\nSyötteellä 23.0, 12, sunnuntai oikeaa palkkaa 552.0 ei löydy tulosteestasi Palkka 276.0 euroa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ensimmäinen askel debuggaamisessa on useimmiten kokeilla ohjelmaa ongelmallisella syötteellä. Kokeilu varmistaa, että tulos ei ole haluttu:</p><sample-output><p>Palkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Debugattaessa ohjelman toimintaa kokeillaan usein. Voikin olla hyödyllisä \"kovakoodata\" ongelman aiheuttavat syötteet suoraan koodiin sen sijaan, että ne kysyttäisiin joka kerta käyttäjältä. Tämä onnistuu esimerkiksi muuttamalla koodia tilapäisesti seuraavalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tuntipalkka = float(input(\"Tuntipalkka: \"))</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tunnit = int(input(\"Työtunnit: \"))</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># paiva = input(\"Viikonpäivä: \")</span>\ntuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">23.0</span>\ntunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span>\npaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava askel on lisäillä koodiin <em>debug-tulostuksia</em>. Koska nimenomaan sunnuntain palkka lasketaan väärin, laitetaan sen hoitavaan osaan tulostukset korotusta ennen ja sen jälkeen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma nyt suoritetaan, ei debug-tulostuksia jostain syystä näy ollenkaan. Vaikuttaa siltä, että ohjelman suoritus ei edes mene if-haaraan. Komennon ehdossa täytyy siis olla jokin ongelma. Myös ehdon arvo voidaan tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token operator\">==</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ja tosiaan, kun koodi suoritetaan, ehdon arvo on <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> eli koodi hyppää if-lohkon ohi:</p><sample-output><p>ehto:  False\nPalkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Vian täytyy siis olla if-komennon ehdossa, ja kun sitä katsotaan tarkemmin, huomataan, että <em>sunnuntai</em> on vahingossa kirjoitettu väärin. Korjataan typo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\npalkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuntipalkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> tunnit\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token operator\">==</span><span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> paiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sunnuntai\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkka kasvatuksen jälkeen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Palkka </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin suoritus aiheuttaa nyt seuraavan tulostuksen:</p><sample-output><p>ehto: True\npalkka alussa: 276.0\npalkka kasvatuksen jälkeen: 276.0\nPalkka 276.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Koska <code class=\"language-text\">tuntipalkka = 23.0</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">tunnit = 12</code>, vaikuttaa muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">palkka</code> olevan oikea arvo aluksi, mutta kasvatuskomento ei kuitenkaan kasvata muuttujan arvoa. Komento on siis mitä ilmeisimmin virheellinen. Ja toden totta, komento</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>ainoastaan laskee tuplapalkan mutta ei tee tulokselle mitään. Korjataan komento muotoon, joka tallentaa korotetun palkan muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">palkka</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">palkka <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma suoritetaan nyt, huomataan että lopputuloskin on oikea:</p><sample-output><p>ehto:  True\npalkka alussa: 276.0\npalkka kasvatuksen jälkeen: 552.0\nPalkka 552.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Kun ohjelma on kunnossa, tulee debuggaustulosteet ja muu debuggauksen takia kirjoitettu ylimääräinen koodi poistaa.</p><p>Esimerkki oli yksinkertainen ja näin lyhyessä ohjelmassa oleva bugi selviäisi varmasti myös koodia lukemalla. Monesti kuitenkin debug-tulostuksilla pääsee huomattavasti nopeammin jyvälle siitä, missä vika piilee. Tulostamalla voidaan usein varmistua siitä, mitkä osat ohjelmasta toimivat \"varmuudella\" oikein, ja bugien jäljitys voidaan nopeasti kohdistaa niihin koodiriveihin, joissa ongelma todennäköisesti piileskelee.</p><p>Debuggaukseen on olemassa muitakin keinoja kuin debug-tulostusten tekeminen. Palaamme asiaan myöhemmin kurssilla. Sinun kannattaa tästä lähtien kurssilla käyttää debug-tulostamista virheiden etsimiseen. Ohjelmoinnin ammattilaiset eivät selviä työstään ilman debug-tulostuksia, joten on vaikea kuvitella, ettei aloittelijoidenkin kannattaisi laajentaa työkalupakkiaan tältä osin.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Korjaa virheet\" tmcname=\"osa02-01_korjaa_virheet\" height=\"400px\"><p>Seuraavassa ohjelmassa on useita <em>syntaksivirheitä</em>. Korjaa ohjelma siten, että syntaksi on kunnossa ja se toimii alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">  luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku oli suurempi kuin sata\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\"Nyt luvun arvo on pienentynyt sadalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n     <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arvo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\"Hyvää päivänjatkoa!<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>13</strong>\n13 taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\nHyvää päivänjatkoa!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>101</strong>\nLuku oli suurempi kuin sata\nNyt luvun arvo on pienentynyt sadalla\nArvo on nyt 1\n1 taitaa olla onnenlukuni!\nHyvää päivänjatkoa!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Merkkien määrä\" tmcname=\"osa02-02_merkkien_maara\"><p>Funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> voidaan laskea (muun muassa) merkkijonon pituus. Funktio palauttaa merkkijonossa olevien merkkien määrän.</p><p>Esimerkkejä funktion toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcd\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsana2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heipparallaa\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntyhja_merkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tyhja_merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4\n6\n12\n0</p></sample-output><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä sanan ja tulostaa sanan merkkien määrän, mikäli niitä on enemmän kuin yksi.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: hei\nSanassa hei on 3 kirjainta\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: banaani\nSanassa banaani on 7 kirjainta\nKiitos!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: b\nKiitos!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tyyppimuunnos\" tmcname=\"osa02-03_tyyppimuunnos\"><p>Pythonissa voidaan usein muuntaa jokin arvo tyypistä toiseen. Esimerkiksi liukuluku voidaan muuntaa kokonaisluvuksi funktion <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nlampo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lämpötila: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lämpötila on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lampo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"...eli pyöreästi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lampo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila: <strong>5.15</strong>\nLämpötila on 5.15\n...eli pyöreästi 5</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio ei pyöristä arvoa matematiikasta tutulla tavalla, vaan pyöristää luvun alaspäin (kyse on siis ns. <em>lattiafunktiosta</em>):</p><sample-output><p>Anna lämpötila: <strong>8.99</strong>\nLämpötila on 8.99\n...eli pyöreästi 8</p></sample-output><p>Tee int-funktiota hyödyntäen ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä desimaaliluvun ja tulostaa erikseen luvun kokonaisosan ja desimaaliosan.</p><p>Huom! 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Jos luvut ovat yhtä suuret, ohjelma huomaa myös tämän."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkitulostuksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSuurempi luku: 5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSuurempi luku: 8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuvut ovat yhtä suuret!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vanhempi","tmcname":"osa02-06_vanhempi","height":"550px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kahden henkilön nimen ja iän ja tulostaa vanhemman henkilön nimen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisyötteitä"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Henkilö 1:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Teppo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"26"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiina"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"27"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVanhempi on Tiina"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Henkilö 1:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Antti"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Venla"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAntti ja Venla ovat yhtä vanhoja"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen","tmcname":"osa02-07_aakkkosjarjestyksessa_viimeinen","height":"500px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukujen lisäksi Python osaa vertailla myös merkkijonojen suuruusjärjestystä. Merkkijono a on pienempi kuin merkkijono b, jos merkkijono a tulee aakkosjärjestyksessä ennen jonoa b.\nHuomaa kuitenkin, että tämä pätee varmasti vain kun"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vertaillaan samankokoisia kirjaimia (eli ISOJA tai pieniä kirjaimia) keskenään ja"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vertailtavissa sanoissa on vain englannin kielestä tuttuja kirjaimia (eli a-z tai A-Z)."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kahta sanaa. Ohjelma tulostaa sanoista sen, joka on aakkosjärjestyksessä jälkimmäinen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että sanat on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia eri syötteillä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"auto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"mopo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmopo on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"zorro"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"batman"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nzorro on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnnoit saman sanan kahdesti."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"518a3af0-3773-5fbd-bbf2-5a82bdf3212d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda vaihtoehtoisia haaroja toistolauseisiin</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-, <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-lauseiden merkityksen ehtolauseessa</li>\n<li>Osaat soveltaa jakojäännöstä <code class=\"language-text\">%</code> ehdoissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, joka tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko käyttäjän syöte negatiivinen vai positiivinen tai nolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen tai nolla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma on hiukan kömpelö. Jokaisen mahdollisen syötteen kohdalla halutaan suorittaa vain toinen lohkoista, koska aina pätee joko <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 0</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 0</code>. Ensimmäinen vertailu sisältää tavallaan kaiken olennaisen: jos tulos on tosi, luku on negatiivinen, ja jos se on epätosi, luku on positiivinen tai nolla.</p><p>Toisen vertailun sijasta onkin usein näppärämpää luoda vaihtoehtoinen haara, joka suoritetaan, <em>jos ehto on epätosi</em>. Tätä tarkoitusta varten käytetään <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-lausetta.</p><p>Edellinen esimerkki kirjoitettuna uudestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen tai nolla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun käytetään if-else-rakennetta, suoritetaan vaihtoehtoisista lohkoista aina jompikumpi. Seuraava kuva havainnollistaa asiaa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 400px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 148.2608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/a0b58/2_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/7f61c/2_2_1.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/81c8e/2_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png\" alt=\"2 2 1\" title=\"2 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Huomaa, että else-haaraa ei voi olla olemassa ilman edeltävää if-haaraa. Koko if-else-rakenne lohkoineen muodostaa yhden <em>ehtolauseen</em>.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki tutkii, onko käyttäjän syöttämä luku parillinen vai ei. Parillisuuden selvittämiseen käytetään jakojäännösoperaattoria <code class=\"language-text\">%</code>. Jakojäännöksellä on kätevä testata luvun parillisuutta: jos luvun jakojäännös kahdella on nolla, luku on parillinen, ja muuten pariton.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuku on pariton</p></sample-output><p>Kolmas esimerkki, jossa vertaillaan merkkijonojen samuutta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span>\nsalasana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna salasana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> salasana <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tervetuloa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pääsy kielletty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna salasana: <strong>kissa</strong>\nTervetuloa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna salasana: <strong>apina</strong>\nPääsy kielletty</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Täysi-ikäisyys\" tmcname=\"osa02-04_taysi_ikaisyys\" height=\"400px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän ikää ja kertoo, onko tämä täysi-ikäinen (eli 18-vuotias tai vanhempi).</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>12</strong>\nEt ole täysi-ikäinen!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>32</strong>\nOlet täysi-ikäinen!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"vaihtoehtoiset-haarat-elif-lauseella\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoiset haarat elif-lauseella<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoiset-haarat-elif-lauseella\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoiset haarat elif lauseella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein vaihtoehtoja on kuitenkin enemmän kuin kaksi. Esimerkiksi jalkapallo-ottelun lopputulosta käsitellessä olisi hyvä varautua kolmeen vaihtoehtoiseen lopputulokseen kotijoukkueen kannalta: voitto, häviö tai tasapeli.</p><p>Ehtolausetta voidaan laajentaa <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-haaralla. Se on lyhenne sanoista \"else if\", ja tarkoittaa nimensä mukaisesti vaihtoehtoa alkuperäiselle ehdolle.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 498px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 168.69565217391306%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/a0b58/2_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/bc10c/2_2_2.webp 460w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/71ce1/2_2_2.webp 498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/81c8e/2_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/08a84/2_2_2.png 460w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png 498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png\" alt=\"2 2 2\" title=\"2 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa selvitetään ottelun voittaja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maalit_koti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmaalit_vieras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maalit_koti <span class=\"token operator\">></span> maalit_vieras<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kotijoukkue voitti!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> maalit_vieras <span class=\"token operator\">></span> maalit_koti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vierasjoukkue voitti!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tasapeli!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kolme esimerkkitulosta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>4</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>2</strong>\nKotijoukkue voitti!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>0</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>6</strong>\nVierasjoukkue voitti!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>3</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>3</strong>\nTasapeli!</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä ehtolauseessa on siis kolme vaihtoehtoista haaraa, joista suoritetaan aina yksi. Ehtolauseessa <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-haaroja voi olla useampia, eikä <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-haara ole pakollinen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joulukalenteri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä päivä nyt on? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"24.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on jouluaatto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"25.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on joulupäivä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"26.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on tapaninpäivä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja hei.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Joulukalenteri\nMikä päivä nyt on? <strong>25.12.</strong>\nNyt on joulupäivä\nKiitos ja hei.</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että ehtolauseessa ei edellisessä esimerkissä ole ollenkaan else-haaraa. Jos käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sellaisen päivämäärän, joka ei täytä ehtoa jossain <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>- tai <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-lauseessa, ohjelmassa ei suoriteta mitään ehtolauseen kolmesta lohkosta.</p><sample-output><p>Joulukalenteri\nMikä päivä nyt on? <strong>1.1.</strong>\nKiitos ja hei.</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\" Suurempi tai yhtäsuuri\" tmcname=\"osa02-05_suurempi_tai_yhtasuuri\"  height=\"400px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi kokonaislukua ja tulostaa niistä suuremman. Jos luvut ovat yhtä suuret, ohjelma huomaa myös tämän.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>3</strong>\nSuurempi luku: 5</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>8</strong>\nSuurempi luku: 8</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuvut ovat yhtä suuret!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Vanhempi\" tmcname=\"osa02-06_vanhempi\" height=\"550px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kahden henkilön nimen ja iän ja tulostaa vanhemman henkilön nimen.</p><p>Esimerkkisyötteitä</p><sample-output><p>Henkilö 1:\nNimi: <strong>Teppo</strong>\nIkä: <strong>26</strong>\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: <strong>Tiina</strong>\nIkä: <strong>27</strong>\nVanhempi on Tiina</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Henkilö 1:\nNimi: <strong>Antti</strong>\nIkä: <strong>1</strong>\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: <strong>Venla</strong>\nIkä: <strong>1</strong>\nAntti ja Venla ovat yhtä vanhoja</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen\" tmcname=\"osa02-07_aakkkosjarjestyksessa_viimeinen\"  height=\"500px\"><p>Lukujen lisäksi Python osaa vertailla myös merkkijonojen suuruusjärjestystä. Merkkijono a on pienempi kuin merkkijono b, jos merkkijono a tulee aakkosjärjestyksessä ennen jonoa b.\nHuomaa kuitenkin, että tämä pätee varmasti vain kun</p><ul>\n<li>vertaillaan samankokoisia kirjaimia (eli ISOJA tai pieniä kirjaimia) keskenään ja</li>\n<li>vertailtavissa sanoissa on vain englannin kielestä tuttuja kirjaimia (eli a-z tai A-Z).</li>\n</ul><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kahta sanaa. Ohjelma tulostaa sanoista sen, joka on aakkosjärjestyksessä jälkimmäinen.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että sanat on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>auto</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>mopo</strong>\nmopo on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>zorro</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>batman</strong>\nzorro on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>python</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>python</strong>\nAnnoit saman sanan kahdesti.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"518a3af0-3773-5fbd-bbf2-5a82bdf3212d\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/2-else-elif","title":"Lisää 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Ehtolauseessa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"elif"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-haaroja voi olla useampia, eikä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"else"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-haara ole pakollinen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Joulukalenteri\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npvm "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä päivä nyt on? 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"25.12."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nNyt on joulupäivä\nKiitos ja hei."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että ehtolauseessa ei edellisessä esimerkissä ole ollenkaan else-haaraa. Jos käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sellaisen päivämäärän, joka ei täytä ehtoa jossain "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":"- tai "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"elif"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lauseessa, ohjelmassa ei suoriteta mitään ehtolauseen kolmesta lohkosta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Joulukalenteri\nMikä päivä nyt on? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1.1."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKiitos ja hei."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":" Suurempi tai yhtäsuuri","tmcname":"osa02-05_suurempi_tai_yhtasuuri","height":"400px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi kokonaislukua ja tulostaa niistä suuremman. Jos luvut ovat yhtä suuret, ohjelma huomaa myös tämän."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkitulostuksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSuurempi luku: 5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSuurempi luku: 8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna ensimmäinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna toinen luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuvut ovat yhtä suuret!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vanhempi","tmcname":"osa02-06_vanhempi","height":"550px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kahden henkilön nimen ja iän ja tulostaa vanhemman henkilön nimen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisyötteitä"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Henkilö 1:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Teppo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"26"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiina"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"27"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVanhempi on Tiina"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Henkilö 1:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Antti"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Venla"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nIkä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAntti ja Venla ovat yhtä vanhoja"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen","tmcname":"osa02-07_aakkkosjarjestyksessa_viimeinen","height":"500px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukujen lisäksi Python osaa vertailla myös merkkijonojen suuruusjärjestystä. Merkkijono a on pienempi kuin merkkijono b, jos merkkijono a tulee aakkosjärjestyksessä ennen jonoa b.\nHuomaa kuitenkin, että tämä pätee varmasti vain kun"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vertaillaan samankokoisia kirjaimia (eli ISOJA tai pieniä kirjaimia) keskenään ja"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vertailtavissa sanoissa on vain englannin kielestä tuttuja kirjaimia (eli a-z tai A-Z)."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kahta sanaa. Ohjelma tulostaa sanoista sen, joka on aakkosjärjestyksessä jälkimmäinen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että sanat on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia eri syötteillä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"auto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"mopo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmopo on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"zorro"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"batman"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nzorro on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna 2. sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnnoit saman sanan kahdesti."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"518a3af0-3773-5fbd-bbf2-5a82bdf3212d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda vaihtoehtoisia haaroja toistolauseisiin</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-, <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-lauseiden merkityksen ehtolauseessa</li>\n<li>Osaat soveltaa jakojäännöstä <code class=\"language-text\">%</code> ehdoissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, joka tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko käyttäjän syöte negatiivinen vai positiivinen tai nolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen tai nolla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma on hiukan kömpelö. Jokaisen mahdollisen syötteen kohdalla halutaan suorittaa vain toinen lohkoista, koska aina pätee joko <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 0</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 0</code>. Ensimmäinen vertailu sisältää tavallaan kaiken olennaisen: jos tulos on tosi, luku on negatiivinen, ja jos se on epätosi, luku on positiivinen tai nolla.</p><p>Toisen vertailun sijasta onkin usein näppärämpää luoda vaihtoehtoinen haara, joka suoritetaan, <em>jos ehto on epätosi</em>. Tätä tarkoitusta varten käytetään <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-lausetta.</p><p>Edellinen esimerkki kirjoitettuna uudestaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on positiivinen tai nolla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun käytetään if-else-rakennetta, suoritetaan vaihtoehtoisista lohkoista aina jompikumpi. Seuraava kuva havainnollistaa asiaa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 400px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 148.2608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/a0b58/2_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/7f61c/2_2_1.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/81c8e/2_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/35830d6bd78153ffe23d80092b0482cb/e17e5/2_2_1.png\" alt=\"2 2 1\" title=\"2 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Huomaa, että else-haaraa ei voi olla olemassa ilman edeltävää if-haaraa. Koko if-else-rakenne lohkoineen muodostaa yhden <em>ehtolauseen</em>.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki tutkii, onko käyttäjän syöttämä luku parillinen vai ei. Parillisuuden selvittämiseen käytetään jakojäännösoperaattoria <code class=\"language-text\">%</code>. Jakojäännöksellä on kätevä testata luvun parillisuutta: jos luvun jakojäännös kahdella on nolla, luku on parillinen, ja muuten pariton.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuku on pariton</p></sample-output><p>Kolmas esimerkki, jossa vertaillaan merkkijonojen samuutta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oikea <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kissa\"</span>\nsalasana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna salasana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> salasana <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> oikea<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tervetuloa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pääsy kielletty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi esimerkkisuoritusta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna salasana: <strong>kissa</strong>\nTervetuloa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna salasana: <strong>apina</strong>\nPääsy kielletty</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Täysi-ikäisyys\" tmcname=\"osa02-04_taysi_ikaisyys\" height=\"400px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän ikää ja kertoo, onko tämä täysi-ikäinen (eli 18-vuotias tai vanhempi).</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>12</strong>\nEt ole täysi-ikäinen!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kuinka vanha olet? <strong>32</strong>\nOlet täysi-ikäinen!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"vaihtoehtoiset-haarat-elif-lauseella\" style=\"position:relative;\">Vaihtoehtoiset haarat elif-lauseella<a href=\"#vaihtoehtoiset-haarat-elif-lauseella\" aria-label=\"vaihtoehtoiset haarat elif lauseella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein vaihtoehtoja on kuitenkin enemmän kuin kaksi. Esimerkiksi jalkapallo-ottelun lopputulosta käsitellessä olisi hyvä varautua kolmeen vaihtoehtoiseen lopputulokseen kotijoukkueen kannalta: voitto, häviö tai tasapeli.</p><p>Ehtolausetta voidaan laajentaa <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-haaralla. Se on lyhenne sanoista \"else if\", ja tarkoittaa nimensä mukaisesti vaihtoehtoa alkuperäiselle ehdolle.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 498px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 168.69565217391306%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/a0b58/2_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/bc10c/2_2_2.webp 460w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/71ce1/2_2_2.webp 498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/81c8e/2_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/08a84/2_2_2.png 460w,\n/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png 498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/22229d7c746f99d073f0131c022eae85/79e1b/2_2_2.png\" alt=\"2 2 2\" title=\"2 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa selvitetään ottelun voittaja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maalit_koti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmaalit_vieras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maalit_koti <span class=\"token operator\">></span> maalit_vieras<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kotijoukkue voitti!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> maalit_vieras <span class=\"token operator\">></span> maalit_koti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vierasjoukkue voitti!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tasapeli!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kolme esimerkkitulosta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>4</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>2</strong>\nKotijoukkue voitti!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>0</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>6</strong>\nVierasjoukkue voitti!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kotijoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>3</strong>\nVierasjoukkueen maalimäärä: <strong>3</strong>\nTasapeli!</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä ehtolauseessa on siis kolme vaihtoehtoista haaraa, joista suoritetaan aina yksi. Ehtolauseessa <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-haaroja voi olla useampia, eikä <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-haara ole pakollinen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joulukalenteri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä päivä nyt on? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"24.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on jouluaatto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"25.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on joulupäivä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pvm <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"26.12.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt on tapaninpäivä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja hei.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Joulukalenteri\nMikä päivä nyt on? <strong>25.12.</strong>\nNyt on joulupäivä\nKiitos ja hei.</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että ehtolauseessa ei edellisessä esimerkissä ole ollenkaan else-haaraa. Jos käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sellaisen päivämäärän, joka ei täytä ehtoa jossain <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>- tai <code class=\"language-text\">elif</code>-lauseessa, ohjelmassa ei suoriteta mitään ehtolauseen kolmesta lohkosta.</p><sample-output><p>Joulukalenteri\nMikä päivä nyt on? <strong>1.1.</strong>\nKiitos ja hei.</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\" Suurempi tai yhtäsuuri\" tmcname=\"osa02-05_suurempi_tai_yhtasuuri\"  height=\"400px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi kokonaislukua ja tulostaa niistä suuremman. Jos luvut ovat yhtä suuret, ohjelma huomaa myös tämän.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>3</strong>\nSuurempi luku: 5</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>8</strong>\nSuurempi luku: 8</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ensimmäinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna toinen luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuvut ovat yhtä suuret!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Vanhempi\" tmcname=\"osa02-06_vanhempi\" height=\"550px\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy kahden henkilön nimen ja iän ja tulostaa vanhemman henkilön nimen.</p><p>Esimerkkisyötteitä</p><sample-output><p>Henkilö 1:\nNimi: <strong>Teppo</strong>\nIkä: <strong>26</strong>\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: <strong>Tiina</strong>\nIkä: <strong>27</strong>\nVanhempi on Tiina</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Henkilö 1:\nNimi: <strong>Antti</strong>\nIkä: <strong>1</strong>\nHenkilö 2:\nNimi: <strong>Venla</strong>\nIkä: <strong>1</strong>\nAntti ja Venla ovat yhtä vanhoja</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen\" tmcname=\"osa02-07_aakkkosjarjestyksessa_viimeinen\"  height=\"500px\"><p>Lukujen lisäksi Python osaa vertailla myös merkkijonojen suuruusjärjestystä. Merkkijono a on pienempi kuin merkkijono b, jos merkkijono a tulee aakkosjärjestyksessä ennen jonoa b.\nHuomaa kuitenkin, että tämä pätee varmasti vain kun</p><ul>\n<li>vertaillaan samankokoisia kirjaimia (eli ISOJA tai pieniä kirjaimia) keskenään ja</li>\n<li>vertailtavissa sanoissa on vain englannin kielestä tuttuja kirjaimia (eli a-z tai A-Z).</li>\n</ul><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kahta sanaa. Ohjelma tulostaa sanoista sen, joka on aakkosjärjestyksessä jälkimmäinen.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että sanat on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>auto</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>mopo</strong>\nmopo on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>zorro</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>batman</strong>\nzorro on aakkosjärjestyksessä viimeinen.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. sana: <strong>python</strong>\nAnna 2. sana: <strong>python</strong>\nAnnoit saman sanan kahdesti.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"518a3af0-3773-5fbd-bbf2-5a82bdf3212d\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/2-else-elif","title":"Lisää 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Ohjelma tulostaa kirjaimista aakkosjärjestyksessä keskimmäisen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että kirjaimet ovat joko kaikki isoja tai kaikki pieniä kirjaimia."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. kirjain: x\nAnna 2. kirjain: c\nAnna 3. kirjain: p\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on p"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna 1. kirjain: C\nAnna 2. kirjain: B\nAnna 3. kirjain: A\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on B"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lahjaverolaskuri","tmcname":"osa02-14_lahjaverolaskuri","height":"500px"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Verottajan mukaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":" lahja tarkoittaa sitä, että omaisuus siirtyy toiselle henkilölle ilman korvausta. Lahjasta pitää maksaa lahjaveroa, jos samalta lahjanantajalta saatujen lahjojen arvo on kolmen vuoden aikana 5 000 euroa tai enemmän."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun lahja tulee lähimmiltä sukulaisilta, lahjaveron määrä määräytyy seuraavan taulukon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/lahjaverolaskuri/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"mukaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"table","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"thead","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lahja"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vero alarajalla"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Veroprosentti ylimenevästä"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tbody","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5 000 — 25 000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"25 000 — 55 000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1 700"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"55 000 — 200 000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4 700"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"12"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"200 000 — 1 000 000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"22 100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1 000 000 —"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"142 100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"17"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkiksi 6000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 180 euroa (100 + (6000-5000) * 0.08) ja 75000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 7100 euroa (4700 + (75000-55000) * 0.12)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka laskee lahjaveron lähimpien sukulaisten antamalle lahjalle. Alla on muutama esimerkki ohjelman toiminnasta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lahjan suuruus? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3500"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nEi veroa!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lahjan suuruus? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5000"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVero: 100.0 euroa"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lahjan suuruus? "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"27500"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nVero: 1950.0 euroa"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"cd32ec18-caf4-56fb-aeb1-e5fb767fbd7a"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">and</code>-, <code class=\"language-text\">or</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">not</code>-operaattoreita ehdoissa</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"loogiset-operaattorit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loogiset operaattorit<a href=\"#loogiset-operaattorit\" aria-label=\"loogiset operaattorit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtojen yhdistämisessä voidaan käyttää loogisia operaattoreita <code class=\"language-text\">and</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">or</code>.\nOperaattori <code class=\"language-text\">and</code> vaatii, että useampi ehto pätee samaan aikaan,\nja operaattori <code class=\"language-text\">or</code> vaatii, että yksi tai useampi ehdoista pätee.</p><p>Esimerkiksi ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 5 and luku &lt;= 8</code> vaatii,\nettä luku on samaan aikaan ainakin 5 ja enintään 8.\nToisin sanoen luvun tulee olla välillä 5..8.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 5 or luku > 8</code> puolestaan vaatii,\nettä luku on alle 5 tai yli 8.\nToisin sanoen luku ei saa olla välillä 5..8.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku ei ole välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava taulukko näyttää operaattoreiden toiminnan eri tilanteissa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">a</th>\n<th align=\"center\">b</th>\n<th align=\"center\">a and b</th>\n<th align=\"center\">a or b</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Voimme käyttää ehdoissa myös operaattoria <code class=\"language-text\">not</code>, joka muuttaa totuusarvon\nkäänteiseksi:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">a</th>\n<th align=\"center\">not a</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkiksi voisimme toteuttaa äskeisen koodin myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku ei ole välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Ehtojen ketjuttaminen'><p>Ehto <code class=\"language-text\">x >= a and x &lt;= b</code> on tavallinen tapa testata,\nonko luku <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> välillä <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>..<code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.\nTällainen ehto toimii samalla tavalla eri ohjelmointikielissä.</p><p>Python-kielen erikoisuutena on, että myös lyhyempi ehto\n<code class=\"language-text\">a &lt;= x &lt;= b</code> toimii, eli ehtoja on mahdollista ketjuttaa.\nTällaisia ehtoja käytetään kuitenkin melko harvoin,\nehkä tottumuksesta muihin ohjelmointikieliin.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-ehtoja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää ehtoja<a href=\"#lisaa-ehtoja\" aria-label=\"lisaa ehtoja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä neljä lukua ja selvittää sitten\nluvuista suurimman ehtojen avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">n1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 1: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 2: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 3: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 4: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n2 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n3 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n1\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> n2 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n3 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n2 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n2\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> n3 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n3\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n4\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\" </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on suurin luku.\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna luku 4: <strong>1</strong>\n4 on suurin luku.</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä ensimmäinen ehto <code class=\"language-text\">n1 > n2 and n1 > n3 and n1 > n4</code> on tosi vain, mikäli kaikki kolme ehtoa ovat tosia.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Iän tarkistus\" tmcname=\"osa02-08_ian_tarkistus\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän ikää. Jos ikä ei ole uskottava (se on alle 5 tai mahdoton luku iälle), antaa ohjelma siihen liittyvän kommentin.</p><p>Vinkki: tarkastele esimerkkisuorituksia löytääksesi oikean vastineen eri vaihtoehdoille.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>13</strong>\nOk, olet siis 13-vuotias</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>2</strong>\nEn usko, että osaat kirjoittaa...</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>-4</strong>\nTaitaa olla virhe</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Veljenpojat\" tmcname=\"osa02-09_veljenpojat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä. Jos nimeksi syötetään Tupu, Hupu tai Lupu, ohjelma tunnistaa käyttäjän Aku Ankan veljenpojaksi.</p><p>Jos nimeksi annetaan Mortti tai Vertti, ohjelma vastaavasti tunnistaa käyttäjän Mikki Hiiren veljenpojaksi.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Mortti</strong>\nOlet luultavasti Mikki Hiiren veljenpoika.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Hupu</strong>\nOlet luultavasti Aku Ankan veljenpoika.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Keijo</strong>\nEt ole kenenkään tuntemani hahmon veljenpoika.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Arvosana ja pisteet\" tmcname=\"osa02-10_arvosana_ja_pisteet\"><p>Alla oleva taulukko kuvaa erään kurssin arvosanan muodostumista. Tee ohjelma, joka ilmoittaa kurssiarvosanan annetun taulukon mukaisesti.</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">pistemäärä</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">&#x3C; 0</td>\n<td align=\"center\">mahdotonta!</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0-49</td>\n<td align=\"center\">hylätty</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">50-59</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">60-69</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">70-79</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">80-89</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">90-100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">> 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">mahdotonta!</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>37</strong>\nArvosana: hylätty</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>76</strong>\nArvosana: 3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>-3</strong>\nArvosana: mahdotonta!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"FizzBuzz\" tmcname=\"osa02-11_fizzbuzz\"><p>Ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä lukua. Jos luku on jaollinen kolmella, tulostetaan Fizz. Jos luku on jaollinen viidellä, tulostetaan Buzz. Jos luku on jaollinen sekä kolmella, että viidellä, tulostetaan FizzBuzz</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>9</strong>\nFizz</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>7</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>20</strong>\nBuzz</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>45</strong>\nFizzBuzz</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-ehtolauseet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset ehtolauseet<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-ehtolauseet\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset ehtolauseet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtolauseita voidaan kirjoittaa toistensa sisään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tunnistaa positiivisista luvuista parittomat ja parilliset:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus kolmella eri syötteellä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLuku on pariton</p><p>Anna luku: <strong>18</strong>\nLuku on parillinen</p><p>Anna luku: <strong>-4</strong>\nLuku on negatiivinen</p></sample-output><p>Sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita käytettäessä on tärkeää muistaa oikeat sisennykset. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-haara yhdistetään oikeaan <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lauseeseen juuri saman sisennyksen perusteella.</p><p>Huomaa, että monissa tapauksissa voidaan käyttää joko sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita tai loogisia operaattoreita. Seuraava esimerkki on toiminnallisesti sama kuin edellinen esimerkki, eli se tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko positiivinen kokonaisluku parillinen vai pariton.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tilanteesta riippuu, kumpaa tapaa kannattaa käyttää. Tässä esimerkissä ensimmäinen vaihtoehto tuntuu useimpien mielestä paremmalta.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Karkausvuosi\" tmcname=\"osa02-12_karkausvuosi\"><p>Vuosi on karkausvuosi, jos se on jaollinen 4:llä. Kuitenkin jos vuosi on jaollinen 100:lla, se on karkausvuosi vain silloin, kun se on jaollinen myös 400:lla.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä vuosiluvun, ja tarkistaa, onko vuosi karkausvuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>2011</strong>\nVuosi ei ole karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>2020</strong>\nVuosi on karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>1800</strong>\nVuosi ei ole karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Aakkosjärjestyksessä keskimmäinen\" tmcname=\"osa02-13_aakkosjarjestyksessa_keskimmainen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kolme kirjainta. Ohjelma tulostaa kirjaimista aakkosjärjestyksessä keskimmäisen.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että kirjaimet ovat joko kaikki isoja tai kaikki pieniä kirjaimia.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. kirjain: x\nAnna 2. kirjain: c\nAnna 3. kirjain: p\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on p</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. kirjain: C\nAnna 2. kirjain: B\nAnna 3. kirjain: A\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on B</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lahjaverolaskuri\" tmcname=\"osa02-14_lahjaverolaskuri\"  height=\"500px\"><p><a href=\"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verottajan mukaan</a> lahja tarkoittaa sitä, että omaisuus siirtyy toiselle henkilölle ilman korvausta. Lahjasta pitää maksaa lahjaveroa, jos samalta lahjanantajalta saatujen lahjojen arvo on kolmen vuoden aikana 5 000 euroa tai enemmän.</p><p>Kun lahja tulee lähimmiltä sukulaisilta, lahjaveron määrä määräytyy seuraavan taulukon <a href=\"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/lahjaverolaskuri/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mukaan</a>:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Lahja</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Vero alarajalla</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Veroprosentti ylimenevästä</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">5 000 — 25 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">8</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">25 000 — 55 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1 700</td>\n<td align=\"center\">10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">55 000 — 200 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4 700</td>\n<td align=\"center\">12</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">200 000 — 1 000 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">22 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">15</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">1 000 000 —</td>\n<td align=\"center\">142 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">17</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkiksi 6000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 180 euroa (100 + (6000-5000) * 0.08) ja 75000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 7100 euroa (4700 + (75000-55000) * 0.12).</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka laskee lahjaveron lähimpien sukulaisten antamalle lahjalle. Alla on muutama esimerkki ohjelman toiminnasta.</p><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>3500</strong>\nEi veroa!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>5000</strong>\nVero: 100.0 euroa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>27500</strong>\nVero: 1950.0 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"cd32ec18-caf4-56fb-aeb1-e5fb767fbd7a\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/3-ehtojen-yhdistäminen","title":"Ehtojen yhdistäminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-2/3-ehtojen-yhdistaminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtojen yhdistämisessä voidaan käyttää loogisia operaattoreita <code class=\"language-text\">and</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">or</code>.\nOperaattori <code class=\"language-text\">and</code> vaatii, että useampi ehto pätee samaan aikaan,\nja operaattori <code class=\"language-text\">or</code> vaatii, että yksi tai useampi ehdoista pätee.</p><p>Esimerkiksi ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku >= 5 and luku &lt;= 8</code> vaatii,\nettä luku on samaan aikaan ainakin 5 ja enintään 8.\nToisin sanoen luvun tulee olla välillä 5..8.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 5 or luku > 8</code> puolestaan vaatii,\nettä luku on alle 5 tai yli 8.\nToisin sanoen luku ei saa olla välillä 5..8.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku ei ole välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava taulukko näyttää operaattoreiden toiminnan eri tilanteissa:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">a</th>\n<th align=\"center\">b</th>\n<th align=\"center\">a and b</th>\n<th align=\"center\">a or b</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Voimme käyttää ehdoissa myös operaattoria <code class=\"language-text\">not</code>, joka muuttaa totuusarvon\nkäänteiseksi:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">a</th>\n<th align=\"center\">not a</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">False</td>\n<td align=\"center\">True</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkiksi voisimme toteuttaa äskeisen koodin myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku ei ole välillä 5..8\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Ehtojen ketjuttaminen'><p>Ehto <code class=\"language-text\">x >= a and x &lt;= b</code> on tavallinen tapa testata,\nonko luku <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> välillä <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>..<code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.\nTällainen ehto toimii samalla tavalla eri ohjelmointikielissä.</p><p>Python-kielen erikoisuutena on, että myös lyhyempi ehto\n<code class=\"language-text\">a &lt;= x &lt;= b</code> toimii, eli ehtoja on mahdollista ketjuttaa.\nTällaisia ehtoja käytetään kuitenkin melko harvoin,\nehkä tottumuksesta muihin ohjelmointikieliin.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-ehtoja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää ehtoja<a href=\"#lisaa-ehtoja\" aria-label=\"lisaa ehtoja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä neljä lukua ja selvittää sitten\nluvuista suurimman ehtojen avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">n1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 1: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 2: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 3: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nn4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku 4: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n2 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n3 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n1 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n1\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> n2 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n3 <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> n2 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n2\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> n3 <span class=\"token operator\">></span> n4<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n3\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> n4\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\" </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on suurin luku.\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku 1: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna luku 4: <strong>1</strong>\n4 on suurin luku.</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkissä ensimmäinen ehto <code class=\"language-text\">n1 > n2 and n1 > n3 and n1 > n4</code> on tosi vain, mikäli kaikki kolme ehtoa ovat tosia.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Iän tarkistus\" tmcname=\"osa02-08_ian_tarkistus\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän ikää. Jos ikä ei ole uskottava (se on alle 5 tai mahdoton luku iälle), antaa ohjelma siihen liittyvän kommentin.</p><p>Vinkki: tarkastele esimerkkisuorituksia löytääksesi oikean vastineen eri vaihtoehdoille.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>13</strong>\nOk, olet siis 13-vuotias</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>2</strong>\nEn usko, että osaat kirjoittaa...</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerro ikäsi? <strong>-4</strong>\nTaitaa olla virhe</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Veljenpojat\" tmcname=\"osa02-09_veljenpojat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän nimeä. Jos nimeksi syötetään Tupu, Hupu tai Lupu, ohjelma tunnistaa käyttäjän Aku Ankan veljenpojaksi.</p><p>Jos nimeksi annetaan Mortti tai Vertti, ohjelma vastaavasti tunnistaa käyttäjän Mikki Hiiren veljenpojaksi.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Mortti</strong>\nOlet luultavasti Mikki Hiiren veljenpoika.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Hupu</strong>\nOlet luultavasti Aku Ankan veljenpoika.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Keijo</strong>\nEt ole kenenkään tuntemani hahmon veljenpoika.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Arvosana ja pisteet\" tmcname=\"osa02-10_arvosana_ja_pisteet\"><p>Alla oleva taulukko kuvaa erään kurssin arvosanan muodostumista. Tee ohjelma, joka ilmoittaa kurssiarvosanan annetun taulukon mukaisesti.</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">pistemäärä</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">&#x3C; 0</td>\n<td align=\"center\">mahdotonta!</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0-49</td>\n<td align=\"center\">hylätty</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">50-59</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">60-69</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">70-79</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">80-89</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">90-100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">> 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">mahdotonta!</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>37</strong>\nArvosana: hylätty</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>76</strong>\nArvosana: 3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna pisteet [0-100]: <strong>-3</strong>\nArvosana: mahdotonta!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"FizzBuzz\" tmcname=\"osa02-11_fizzbuzz\"><p>Ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä lukua. Jos luku on jaollinen kolmella, tulostetaan Fizz. Jos luku on jaollinen viidellä, tulostetaan Buzz. Jos luku on jaollinen sekä kolmella, että viidellä, tulostetaan FizzBuzz</p><p>Esimerkkitulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>9</strong>\nFizz</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>7</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>20</strong>\nBuzz</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Luku: <strong>45</strong>\nFizzBuzz</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-ehtolauseet\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset ehtolauseet<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-ehtolauseet\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset ehtolauseet permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ehtolauseita voidaan kirjoittaa toistensa sisään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tunnistaa positiivisista luvuista parittomat ja parilliset:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkitulostus kolmella eri syötteellä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLuku on pariton</p><p>Anna luku: <strong>18</strong>\nLuku on parillinen</p><p>Anna luku: <strong>-4</strong>\nLuku on negatiivinen</p></sample-output><p>Sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita käytettäessä on tärkeää muistaa oikeat sisennykset. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">else</code>-haara yhdistetään oikeaan <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lauseeseen juuri saman sisennyksen perusteella.</p><p>Huomaa, että monissa tapauksissa voidaan käyttää joko sisäkkäisiä ehtolauseita tai loogisia operaattoreita. Seuraava esimerkki on toiminnallisesti sama kuin edellinen esimerkki, eli se tulostaa tiedon siitä, onko positiivinen kokonaisluku parillinen vai pariton.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luku on negatiivinen.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tilanteesta riippuu, kumpaa tapaa kannattaa käyttää. Tässä esimerkissä ensimmäinen vaihtoehto tuntuu useimpien mielestä paremmalta.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Karkausvuosi\" tmcname=\"osa02-12_karkausvuosi\"><p>Vuosi on karkausvuosi, jos se on jaollinen 4:llä. Kuitenkin jos vuosi on jaollinen 100:lla, se on karkausvuosi vain silloin, kun se on jaollinen myös 400:lla.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä vuosiluvun, ja tarkistaa, onko vuosi karkausvuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>2011</strong>\nVuosi ei ole karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>2020</strong>\nVuosi on karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna vuosi: <strong>1800</strong>\nVuosi ei ole karkausvuosi.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Aakkosjärjestyksessä keskimmäinen\" tmcname=\"osa02-13_aakkosjarjestyksessa_keskimmainen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kolme kirjainta. Ohjelma tulostaa kirjaimista aakkosjärjestyksessä keskimmäisen.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että kirjaimet ovat joko kaikki isoja tai kaikki pieniä kirjaimia.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna 1. kirjain: x\nAnna 2. kirjain: c\nAnna 3. kirjain: p\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on p</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna 1. kirjain: C\nAnna 2. kirjain: B\nAnna 3. kirjain: A\nKeskimmäinen kirjain on B</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lahjaverolaskuri\" tmcname=\"osa02-14_lahjaverolaskuri\"  height=\"500px\"><p><a href=\"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verottajan mukaan</a> lahja tarkoittaa sitä, että omaisuus siirtyy toiselle henkilölle ilman korvausta. Lahjasta pitää maksaa lahjaveroa, jos samalta lahjanantajalta saatujen lahjojen arvo on kolmen vuoden aikana 5 000 euroa tai enemmän.</p><p>Kun lahja tulee lähimmiltä sukulaisilta, lahjaveron määrä määräytyy seuraavan taulukon <a href=\"https://www.vero.fi/henkiloasiakkaat/omaisuus/lahja/lahjaverolaskuri/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mukaan</a>:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">Lahja</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Vero alarajalla</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Veroprosentti ylimenevästä</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">5 000 — 25 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">8</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">25 000 — 55 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1 700</td>\n<td align=\"center\">10</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">55 000 — 200 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4 700</td>\n<td align=\"center\">12</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">200 000 — 1 000 000</td>\n<td align=\"center\">22 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">15</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">1 000 000 —</td>\n<td align=\"center\">142 100</td>\n<td align=\"center\">17</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Esimerkiksi 6000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 180 euroa (100 + (6000-5000) * 0.08) ja 75000 euron lahjasta tulee maksaa veroa 7100 euroa (4700 + (75000-55000) * 0.12).</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka laskee lahjaveron lähimpien sukulaisten antamalle lahjalle. Alla on muutama esimerkki ohjelman toiminnasta.</p><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>3500</strong>\nEi veroa!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>5000</strong>\nVero: 100.0 euroa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Lahjan suuruus? <strong>27500</strong>\nVero: 1950.0 euroa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"cd32ec18-caf4-56fb-aeb1-e5fb767fbd7a\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-2/3-ehtojen-yhdistäminen","title":"Ehtojen yhdistäminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-2/3-ehtojen-yhdistaminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon lukumäärässä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tarvitset tässä uuden muuttujan, jonka avulla pidät kirjaa luettujen lukujen määrästä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"osa-2-summa","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Osa 2: summa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#osa-2-summa","ariaLabel":"osa 2 summa permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen summa. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon summan laskemisessa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulostus laajenee seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"osa-3-keskiarvo","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Osa 3: keskiarvo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#osa-3-keskiarvo","ariaLabel":"osa 3 keskiarvo permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen keskiarvon. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon keskiarvon laskemisessa. Voit olettaa, että käyttäjä syöttää aina vähintään yhden luvun."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h4","properties":{"id":"osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Osa 4: positiiviset ja negatiiviset"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset","ariaLabel":"osa 4 positiiviset ja negatiiviset permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa positiivisten ja negatiivisten lukujen lukumäärät"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5\nPositiivisia 3\nNegatiivisia 1"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"71abac8c-0fc5-51fe-81cc-c605495db56e"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi koko toista osaa koskevaan loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e658a273-0d9e-5fe0-92d2-9a4833073796"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä silmukka tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa osana ohjelmaasi</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten toisto voidaan katkaista <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komennolla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Silmukka eli toistolause on ehtolauseen lisäksi keskeinen ohjausrakenne ohjelmoinnissa. Aloitetaan toistamiseen tutustuminen tarkastelemalla Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukkaa yksinkertaisten esimerkkien kautta. Ensi viikolla tutustutaan sitten monipuolisemmin sen mahdollisuuksiin.</p><p>Periaatteessa silmukka muistuttaa ehtolausetta. Ideana kuitenkin on, että sen avulla voidaan toistaa samaa koodia useamman kerran.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa ohjelma laskee käyttäjän syöttämien lukujen neliöitä, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää luvun -1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\n4\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\n16\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>10</strong>\n100\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output><p>Kuten esimerkistä huomataan, ohjelma kysyy <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-lauseen ansiosta käyttäjältä useita lukuja. Sitten kun käyttäjän syöte on -1, suoritetaan <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komento, jolloin suoritus hyppää ensimmäiselle lohkon jälkeiselle riville.</p><p>Silmukoita käytettäessä on oltava tarkkana, että ei jouduta tilanteeseen, missä silmukan suoritus ei koskaan lopu. Muutetaan edellistä esimerkkiä seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis lukua kysytään <em>silmukan ulkopuolella</em>. Jos käyttäjä antaa minkä tahansa muun luvun kuin -1:n, ei silmukasta tulla koskaan pois, eli syntyy <em>ikuinen silmukka</em>. Tällöin silmukassa olevaa lohkoa suoritetaan ikuisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n(jatkuu ikuisesti...)</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkkinä ohjelma, joka antaa käyttäjän jatkaa eteenpäin vasta sen jälkeen, kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt oikean PIN-koodin <em>1234</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    koodi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> koodi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nPIN-koodi oikein!</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Jatketaanko\" tmcname=\"osa02-15_jatketaanko\"><p>Kirjoita edellä olevaa toistolause-esimerkkiä mukaillen ohjelma, joka tulostaa viestin \"moi\" ja kysyy käyttäjältä \"Jatketaanko?\" kunnes käyttäjä syöttää merkkijonon \"ei\". Tämän jälkeen tulostetaan merkkijono \"ei sitten\" ja suoritus päättyy.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus</p><sample-output><p>moi\nJatketaanko? <strong>kyllä</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>yes</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>jawohl</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>ei</strong>\nei sitten</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Syötteen rajaus\" tmcname=\"osa02-16_syotteen_rajaus\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukuja. Mikäli luku on negatiivinen (eli pienempi kuin nolla), käyttäjälle tulostetaan viesti \"Epäkelpo luku\" ja käyttäjältä kysytään uutta lukua. Jos taas luku on nolla, lukujen lukeminen lopetetaan ja ohjelma poistuu toistolauseesta.</p><p>Mikäli luku on positiivinen, ohjelma tulostaa luvun neliöjuuren käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code>-funktiota, joka on tuotu ohjelmaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä pitää olla ohjelman alussa, jotta sqrt toimii</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sqrt\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3.0</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki ohjelman suorituksesta:</p><sample-output><p>Syötä luku: <strong>16</strong>\n4.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>4</strong>\n2.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>-3</strong>\nEpäkelpo luku\nSyötä luku: <strong>1</strong>\n1.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>0</strong>\nLopetetaan...</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lähtölaskenta\" tmcname=\"osa02-17_lahtolaskenta\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa olevan ohjelman</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lähtölaskenta!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi tarkoitus toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Lähtölaskenta!\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nNyt!</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelmassa oleva ongelma.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Salasana uudelleen\" tmcname=\"osa02-18_salasana_uudelleen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä salasanaa ja tämän jälkeen pyytää toistamaan salasanan niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää ensimmäisenä annetun salasanan uudelleen.</p><sample-output><p>Salasana: <strong>sekred</strong>\nToista salasana: <strong>salainen</strong>\nEi ollut sama!\nToista salasana: <strong>enmuistaenää123</strong>\nEi ollut sama!\nToista salasana: <strong>sekred</strong>\nKäyttäjätunnus luotu!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"silmukka-ja-apumuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukka ja apumuuttujat<a href=\"#silmukka-ja-apumuuttujat\" aria-label=\"silmukka ja apumuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä PIN-koodin tarkastavasta ohjelmasta monimutkaisempi versio, joka antaa käyttäjälle vain kolme mahdollisuutta yrittää PIN-koodin syöttämistä.</p><p>Ohjelma käyttää nyt kahta apumuuttujaa. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">yritykset</code> pitää kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa käyttäjä on syöttänyt koodin.  Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">onnistui</code> saa arvokseen joko <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> riippuen siitä, onnistuuko kirjautuminen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne tullaan jos väärin JA ei ole jo kolmea yritystä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> onnistui<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liian monta yritystä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nPIN-koodi oikein!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Silmukasta tullaan siis ulos, jos käyttäjä syöttää oikean PIN-koodin <em>tai</em> jos yrityksiä tehdään liian monta. Silmukan jälkeinen if-lause tarkastaa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">onnistui</code> arvon perusteella, onko kirjautuminen onnistunut vai ei.</p><h2 id=\"debug-tulostus-silmukassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debug-tulostus silmukassa<a href=\"#debug-tulostus-silmukassa\" aria-label=\"debug tulostus silmukassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun ohjelma sisältää silmukoita, kasvavat mahdolliset bugienkin lähteet uudelle tasolle, ja tämän osan <a href=\"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja\">ensimmäisessä luvussa</a> mainittujen debug-tulostusten tekeminen muuttuu entistäkin tärkeämmäksi.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa edellinen ohjelma on koodattu hieman väärin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> onnistui<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liian monta yritystä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma toimii kummallisesti: se antaa yrittää PIN-koodia kolmesti mutta valittaa, että yrityksiä on liian monta, vaikka lopussa syötettiin oikea koodi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Bugin syy selviää lisäämällä sopivia debug-tulostuksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"whilen lohko alkaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"yritykset:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yritykset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto1:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tunnus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>whilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>2233</strong>\nyritykset: 1\nehto1: False\ntunnus: 2233\nehto2: False\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nwhilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>4545</strong>\nyritykset: 2\nehto1: False\ntunnus: 4545\nehto2: False\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nwhilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nyritykset: 3\nehto1: True\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Tulostuksista huomataan, että kolmannella silmukan kierroksella ensimmäisen <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-komennon ehto on tosi ja silmukasta poistutaan, ennen kuin ehditään tarkastaa, oliko juuri syötetty salasana oikein:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">  <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ....</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä lohko on liian aikaisin</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei päästä enää kolmannella yrityksellä...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"PIN ja yritysten määrä\" tmcname=\"osa02-19_pin_ja_yritysten_maara\"><p>Tee sovellus, joka kysyy käyttäjältä PIN-koodia niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä antaa oikean PIN-koodin <em>4321</em>. Ohjelma kertoo yritysten lukumäärän:</p><sample-output><p>PIN-koodi: <strong>3245</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nOikein, tarvitsit 4 yritystä</p></sample-output><p>Tulostus on hieman erilainen jos PIN-koodi on oikea heti ensimmäisellä yrityksellä:</p><sample-output><p>PIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nOikein, tarvitsit vain yhden yrityksen!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Seuraava karkausvuosi\" tmcname=\"osa02-20_seuraava_karkausvuosi\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä vuosilukua ja kertoo, milloin on seuraava karkausvuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Vuosi: <strong>2019</strong>\nVuotta 2019 seuraava karkausvuosi on 2020</p></sample-output><p>Jos käyttäjän syöttämä vuosi on karkausvuosi (kuten 2020), ohjelma ei kerro tätä vuotta vaan sitä seuraavan karkausvuoden:</p><sample-output><p>Vuosi: <strong>2020</strong>\nVuotta 2020 seuraava karkausvuosi on 2024</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-kokoaminen-plus-operaattorilla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon kokoaminen plus-operaattorilla<a href=\"#merkkijonon-kokoaminen-plus-operaattorilla\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon kokoaminen plus operaattorilla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>PIN-koodin tarkastavassa esimerkissä käytimme apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">yritykset</code> pitämään kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa PIN-koodi on syötetty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div><p>Muuttuja saa arvon nolla silmukan ulkopuolella, ja jokainen silmukan suoritus kasvattaa sen arvoa yhdellä.</p><p>Vastaava idea toimii myös merkkijonoille. Voisimme laajentaa ohjelmaa siten, että se kokoaa yhteen merkkijonoon kaikki käyttäjän syöttämät PIN-koodit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\nyritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div><p>Apumuuttuja saa aluksi arvokseen <em>tyhjän merkkijonon</em> eli merkkijonon, jossa ei ole yhtään merkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Silmukan sisällä merkkijonoa kasvatetaan lisäämällä siihen aina silmukassa syötetty tunnus ja pilkku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos käyttäjä syöttäisi tunnukset <em>1111 2222 1234</em> olisi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tunnukset</code> arvo lopulta</p><sample-output><p>1111, 2222, 1234,</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tarina\" tmcname=\"osa02-21_tarina\"><h3 id=\"osa-1\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 1<a href=\"#osa-1\" aria-label=\"osa 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään sanoja. Kun käyttäjä syöttää sanan <code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code>, ohjelma tulostaa sanoista muodostuneen tarinan ja suoritus päättyy.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>Olipa</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>pieni</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>talo</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>preerialla</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>loppu</strong>\nOlipa kerran pieni talo preerialla</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-2\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 2<a href=\"#osa-2\" aria-label=\"osa 2 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Muokkaa edellisen tehtävän ohjelmaa niin, että sanojen syöttäminen päättyy, jos käyttäjä syöttää sanan <code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code> tai käyttäjä syöttää saman sanan kaksi kertaa peräkkäin.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>Alussa</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>oli</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>suo</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>kuokka</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>ja</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>Jussi</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>Jussi</strong>\nAlussa oli suo kuokka ja Jussi</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen käsittelyä\" tmcname=\"osa02-22_lukujen_kasittelya\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään kokonaislukuja. Ohjelma pyytää lukuja niin kauan kunnes käyttäjä syöttää nollan.</p><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaislukuja, 0 lopettaa:\nLuku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuku: <strong>22</strong>\nLuku: <strong>9</strong>\nLuku: <strong>-2</strong>\nLuku: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-1-lukumaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 1: lukumäärä<a href=\"#osa-1-lukumaara\" aria-label=\"osa 1 lukumaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Syötteiden lukemisen jälkeen ohjelman tulee tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen lukumäärä. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon lukumäärässä.</p><p>Tarvitset tässä uuden muuttujan, jonka avulla pidät kirjaa luettujen lukujen määrästä.</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-2-summa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 2: summa<a href=\"#osa-2-summa\" aria-label=\"osa 2 summa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen summa. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon summan laskemisessa.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus laajenee seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-3-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 3: keskiarvo<a href=\"#osa-3-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"osa 3 keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen keskiarvon. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon keskiarvon laskemisessa. Voit olettaa, että käyttäjä syöttää aina vähintään yhden luvun.</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5</p></sample-output><h4 id=\"osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 4: positiiviset ja negatiiviset<a href=\"#osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset\" aria-label=\"osa 4 positiiviset ja negatiiviset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa positiivisten ja negatiivisten 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Voit olettaa, että käyttäjä syöttää aina vähintään yhden luvun."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h4","properties":{"id":"osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Osa 4: positiiviset ja negatiiviset"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset","ariaLabel":"osa 4 positiiviset ja negatiiviset permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa positiivisten ja negatiivisten lukujen lukumäärät"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5\nPositiivisia 3\nNegatiivisia 1"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"71abac8c-0fc5-51fe-81cc-c605495db56e"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi koko toista osaa koskevaan loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e658a273-0d9e-5fe0-92d2-9a4833073796"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä silmukka tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa osana ohjelmaasi</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten toisto voidaan katkaista <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komennolla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Silmukka eli toistolause on ehtolauseen lisäksi keskeinen ohjausrakenne ohjelmoinnissa. Aloitetaan toistamiseen tutustuminen tarkastelemalla Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukkaa yksinkertaisten esimerkkien kautta. Ensi viikolla tutustutaan sitten monipuolisemmin sen mahdollisuuksiin.</p><p>Periaatteessa silmukka muistuttaa ehtolausetta. Ideana kuitenkin on, että sen avulla voidaan toistaa samaa koodia useamman kerran.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa ohjelma laskee käyttäjän syöttämien lukujen neliöitä, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää luvun -1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\n4\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\n16\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>10</strong>\n100\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output><p>Kuten esimerkistä huomataan, ohjelma kysyy <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-lauseen ansiosta käyttäjältä useita lukuja. Sitten kun käyttäjän syöte on -1, suoritetaan <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komento, jolloin suoritus hyppää ensimmäiselle lohkon jälkeiselle riville.</p><p>Silmukoita käytettäessä on oltava tarkkana, että ei jouduta tilanteeseen, missä silmukan suoritus ei koskaan lopu. Muutetaan edellistä esimerkkiä seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos ja moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis lukua kysytään <em>silmukan ulkopuolella</em>. Jos käyttäjä antaa minkä tahansa muun luvun kuin -1:n, ei silmukasta tulla koskaan pois, eli syntyy <em>ikuinen silmukka</em>. Tällöin silmukassa olevaa lohkoa suoritetaan ikuisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n4\n(jatkuu ikuisesti...)</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkkinä ohjelma, joka antaa käyttäjän jatkaa eteenpäin vasta sen jälkeen, kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt oikean PIN-koodin <em>1234</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    koodi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> koodi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nPIN-koodi oikein!</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Jatketaanko\" tmcname=\"osa02-15_jatketaanko\"><p>Kirjoita edellä olevaa toistolause-esimerkkiä mukaillen ohjelma, joka tulostaa viestin \"moi\" ja kysyy käyttäjältä \"Jatketaanko?\" kunnes käyttäjä syöttää merkkijonon \"ei\". Tämän jälkeen tulostetaan merkkijono \"ei sitten\" ja suoritus päättyy.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus</p><sample-output><p>moi\nJatketaanko? <strong>kyllä</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>yes</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>jawohl</strong>\nmoi\nJatketaanko? <strong>ei</strong>\nei sitten</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Syötteen rajaus\" tmcname=\"osa02-16_syotteen_rajaus\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukuja. Mikäli luku on negatiivinen (eli pienempi kuin nolla), käyttäjälle tulostetaan viesti \"Epäkelpo luku\" ja käyttäjältä kysytään uutta lukua. Jos taas luku on nolla, lukujen lukeminen lopetetaan ja ohjelma poistuu toistolauseesta.</p><p>Mikäli luku on positiivinen, ohjelma tulostaa luvun neliöjuuren käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code>-funktiota, joka on tuotu ohjelmaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä pitää olla ohjelman alussa, jotta sqrt toimii</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sqrt\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3.0</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki ohjelman suorituksesta:</p><sample-output><p>Syötä luku: <strong>16</strong>\n4.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>4</strong>\n2.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>-3</strong>\nEpäkelpo luku\nSyötä luku: <strong>1</strong>\n1.0\nSyötä luku: <strong>0</strong>\nLopetetaan...</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lähtölaskenta\" tmcname=\"osa02-17_lahtolaskenta\"><p>Tehtäväpohjassa olevan ohjelman</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lähtölaskenta!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n  luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>olisi tarkoitus toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Lähtölaskenta!\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nNyt!</p></sample-output><p>Korjaa ohjelmassa oleva ongelma.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Salasana uudelleen\" tmcname=\"osa02-18_salasana_uudelleen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä salasanaa ja tämän jälkeen pyytää toistamaan salasanan niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää ensimmäisenä annetun salasanan uudelleen.</p><sample-output><p>Salasana: <strong>sekred</strong>\nToista salasana: <strong>salainen</strong>\nEi ollut sama!\nToista salasana: <strong>enmuistaenää123</strong>\nEi ollut sama!\nToista salasana: <strong>sekred</strong>\nKäyttäjätunnus luotu!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"silmukka-ja-apumuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukka ja apumuuttujat<a href=\"#silmukka-ja-apumuuttujat\" aria-label=\"silmukka ja apumuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä PIN-koodin tarkastavasta ohjelmasta monimutkaisempi versio, joka antaa käyttäjälle vain kolme mahdollisuutta yrittää PIN-koodin syöttämistä.</p><p>Ohjelma käyttää nyt kahta apumuuttujaa. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">yritykset</code> pitää kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa käyttäjä on syöttänyt koodin.  Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">onnistui</code> saa arvokseen joko <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> riippuen siitä, onnistuuko kirjautuminen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne tullaan jos väärin JA ei ole jo kolmea yritystä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> onnistui<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liian monta yritystä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nPIN-koodi oikein!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Silmukasta tullaan siis ulos, jos käyttäjä syöttää oikean PIN-koodin <em>tai</em> jos yrityksiä tehdään liian monta. Silmukan jälkeinen if-lause tarkastaa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">onnistui</code> arvon perusteella, onko kirjautuminen onnistunut vai ei.</p><h2 id=\"debug-tulostus-silmukassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debug-tulostus silmukassa<a href=\"#debug-tulostus-silmukassa\" aria-label=\"debug tulostus silmukassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun ohjelma sisältää silmukoita, kasvavat mahdolliset bugienkin lähteet uudelle tasolle, ja tämän osan <a href=\"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja\">ensimmäisessä luvussa</a> mainittujen debug-tulostusten tekeminen muuttuu entistäkin tärkeämmäksi.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkiä, jossa edellinen ohjelma on koodattu hieman väärin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> onnistui<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PIN-koodi oikein!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liian monta yritystä...\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma toimii kummallisesti: se antaa yrittää PIN-koodia kolmesti mutta valittaa, että yrityksiä on liian monta, vaikka lopussa syötettiin oikea koodi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna PIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>9999</strong>\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Bugin syy selviää lisäämällä sopivia debug-tulostuksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"whilen lohko alkaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"yritykset:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yritykset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto1:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tunnus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ehto2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Väärin... yritä uudelleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>whilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>2233</strong>\nyritykset: 1\nehto1: False\ntunnus: 2233\nehto2: False\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nwhilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>4545</strong>\nyritykset: 2\nehto1: False\ntunnus: 4545\nehto2: False\nVäärin... yritä uudelleen\nwhilen lohko alkaa:\nAnna PIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nyritykset: 3\nehto1: True\nLiian monta yritystä...</p></sample-output><p>Tulostuksista huomataan, että kolmannella silmukan kierroksella ensimmäisen <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-komennon ehto on tosi ja silmukasta poistutaan, ennen kuin ehditään tarkastaa, oliko juuri syötetty salasana oikein:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">  <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ....</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä lohko on liian aikaisin</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei päästä enää kolmannella yrityksellä...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        onnistui <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span></code></pre></div><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"PIN ja yritysten määrä\" tmcname=\"osa02-19_pin_ja_yritysten_maara\"><p>Tee sovellus, joka kysyy käyttäjältä PIN-koodia niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä antaa oikean PIN-koodin <em>4321</em>. Ohjelma kertoo yritysten lukumäärän:</p><sample-output><p>PIN-koodi: <strong>3245</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>1234</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>0000</strong>\nVäärin\nPIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nOikein, tarvitsit 4 yritystä</p></sample-output><p>Tulostus on hieman erilainen jos PIN-koodi on oikea heti ensimmäisellä yrityksellä:</p><sample-output><p>PIN-koodi: <strong>4321</strong>\nOikein, tarvitsit vain yhden yrityksen!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Seuraava karkausvuosi\" tmcname=\"osa02-20_seuraava_karkausvuosi\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä vuosilukua ja kertoo, milloin on seuraava karkausvuosi.</p><sample-output><p>Vuosi: <strong>2019</strong>\nVuotta 2019 seuraava karkausvuosi on 2020</p></sample-output><p>Jos käyttäjän syöttämä vuosi on karkausvuosi (kuten 2020), ohjelma ei kerro tätä vuotta vaan sitä seuraavan karkausvuoden:</p><sample-output><p>Vuosi: <strong>2020</strong>\nVuotta 2020 seuraava karkausvuosi on 2024</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-kokoaminen-plus-operaattorilla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon kokoaminen plus-operaattorilla<a href=\"#merkkijonon-kokoaminen-plus-operaattorilla\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon kokoaminen plus operaattorilla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>PIN-koodin tarkastavassa esimerkissä käytimme apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">yritykset</code> pitämään kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa PIN-koodi on syötetty:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div><p>Muuttuja saa arvon nolla silmukan ulkopuolella, ja jokainen silmukan suoritus kasvattaa sen arvoa yhdellä.</p><p>Vastaava idea toimii myös merkkijonoille. Voisimme laajentaa ohjelmaa siten, että se kokoaa yhteen merkkijonoon kaikki käyttäjän syöttämät PIN-koodit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\nyritykset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    yritykset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div><p>Apumuuttuja saa aluksi arvokseen <em>tyhjän merkkijonon</em> eli merkkijonon, jossa ei ole yhtään merkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Silmukan sisällä merkkijonoa kasvatetaan lisäämällä siihen aina silmukassa syötetty tunnus ja pilkku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">    tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna PIN-koodi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> tunnus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos käyttäjä syöttäisi tunnukset <em>1111 2222 1234</em> olisi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tunnukset</code> arvo lopulta</p><sample-output><p>1111, 2222, 1234,</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tarina\" tmcname=\"osa02-21_tarina\"><h3 id=\"osa-1\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 1<a href=\"#osa-1\" aria-label=\"osa 1 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään sanoja. Kun käyttäjä syöttää sanan <code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code>, ohjelma tulostaa sanoista muodostuneen tarinan ja suoritus päättyy.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>Olipa</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>pieni</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>talo</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>preerialla</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>loppu</strong>\nOlipa kerran pieni talo preerialla</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-2\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 2<a href=\"#osa-2\" aria-label=\"osa 2 permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Muokkaa edellisen tehtävän ohjelmaa niin, että sanojen syöttäminen päättyy, jos käyttäjä syöttää sanan <code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code> tai käyttäjä syöttää saman sanan kaksi kertaa peräkkäin.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>Alussa</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>oli</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>suo</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>kuokka</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>ja</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>Jussi</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>Jussi</strong>\nAlussa oli suo kuokka ja Jussi</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lukujen käsittelyä\" tmcname=\"osa02-22_lukujen_kasittelya\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään kokonaislukuja. Ohjelma pyytää lukuja niin kauan kunnes käyttäjä syöttää nollan.</p><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaislukuja, 0 lopettaa:\nLuku: <strong>5</strong>\nLuku: <strong>22</strong>\nLuku: <strong>9</strong>\nLuku: <strong>-2</strong>\nLuku: <strong>0</strong></p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-1-lukumaara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 1: lukumäärä<a href=\"#osa-1-lukumaara\" aria-label=\"osa 1 lukumaara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Syötteiden lukemisen jälkeen ohjelman tulee tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen lukumäärä. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon lukumäärässä.</p><p>Tarvitset tässä uuden muuttujan, jonka avulla pidät kirjaa luettujen lukujen määrästä.</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-2-summa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 2: summa<a href=\"#osa-2-summa\" aria-label=\"osa 2 summa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen summa. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon summan laskemisessa.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus laajenee seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"osa-3-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 3: keskiarvo<a href=\"#osa-3-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"osa 3 keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa syötettyjen lukujen keskiarvon. Syötteen loppumisesta kertovaa nollaa ei tule ottaa huomioon keskiarvon laskemisessa. Voit olettaa, että käyttäjä syöttää aina vähintään yhden luvun.</p><sample-output><p>... lukujen kysely\nLukuja yhteensä 4\nLukujen summa 34\nLukujen keskiarvo 8.5</p></sample-output><h4 id=\"osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osa 4: positiiviset ja negatiiviset<a href=\"#osa-4-positiiviset-ja-negatiiviset\" aria-label=\"osa 4 positiiviset ja negatiiviset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Laajenna ohjelmaa siten, että se tulostaa positiivisten ja negatiivisten 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Kurssin suorittaminen ei edellytä kyselyyn vastaamista, mutta yliopistoissa tutkimus on luonnollisesti tärkeässä osassa myös opetuksen kehittämisessä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos sinulta siis löytyy hetki aikaa, niin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://link.webropolsurveys.com/S/EB89556E704FA59B","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vastaa kyselyyn"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kyselyyn ei ole pakko antaa henkilötietoja (esimerkiksi nimeä), vaikka niitä ensimmäisellä sivulla kysytäänkin."}]},{"type":"comment","value":"vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä"},{"type":"element","tagName":"text-box","properties":{"variant":"hint","name":"Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"arvosteluperusteet"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toteavat, "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä."}]},{"type":"text","value":" Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edellisen osan lopussa opimme käyttämään "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while True"}]},{"type":"text","value":" -silmukkaa koodin toistamiseen. Tässä tapauksessa silmukan ehtona on "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka on aina tosi. Esimerkiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# Tulosta lukuja kunnes muuttujan a arvo on 5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\na "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","boolean"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"a"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    a "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" a "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"break"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1\n2\n3\n4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Silmukan toimintaa voidaan monipuolistaa käyttämällä ehtoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-määrittelyssä. Yleisemmin voimme siis käyttää silmukkaa näin:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":"ehtolauseke"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":"lohko"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ideana on, että silmukka vuorotellen tarkastaa ehdon ja suorittaa lohkossa olevan koodin, jos ehto on tosi. Sitten kun ehto on epätosi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 417px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 103.04347826086956%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\nSuoritus valmis."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koska ehto tarkastetaan aina ennen silmukan koodin suoritusta, on mahdollista, ettei koodia suoriteta kertaakaan. Esimerkiksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"12"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSuoritus valmis."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koska 12 ei ole pienempi kuin 10, ohjelma ei tulosta yhtään lukua."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"alustus-testaus-ja-muutos","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Alustus, testaus ja muutos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#alustus-testaus-ja-muutos","ariaLabel":"alustus testaus ja muutos permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Monessa silmukassa on kolme osaa: alustus, ehto ja muutos."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Alustus"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarkoittaa silmukassa käytettävän muuttujan tai muuttujien alkuarvojen antamista. 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koodia"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tässä on aloitettu syötteen lukemisesta, minkä jälkeen ruvetaan miettimään silmukan lopetusehtoa sekä silmukan toimintaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Todennäköisesti ohjelma ei ensimmäisillä kokeilukerroilla toimi halutulla tavalla ja koodia on testailtava kymmeniä tai jopa satoja kertoja ennen kuin se alkaa toimia."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koska koodi lukee syötteitä käyttäjältä, sen toiminnan kokeileminen on hidasta ja vaivalloista, koska jokaisella testauskerralla on ohjelmalle annettava näppäimistöltä käsin sen haluamat syötteet."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Yksi tapa toimia on \"kovakoodata\" syöte aluksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# kovakoodataan syötteen arvo aluksi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nasti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nluku 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koodia"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun ohjelma toimii yhdellä syötteellä, sitä on helppo kokeilla muilla kovakoodatuilla syötteillä ja lopulta lukemalla syöte käyttäjältä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaava kikka toimii myös kurssien tehtäviin liittyvien testien ongelmatilanteita selvitellessä. Jos testi kertoo, että ohjelmasi toimii väärin, kun syöte on vaikkapa 42, niin kovakoodataan se syötteeksi bugin etsinnän ajaksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# testi ilmoitti että koodi toimii väärin kun syöte on 42"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nasti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"42"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nluku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" asti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n   "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# koodia"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kurssin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-2"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"edellisessä osassa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" oli jo pariinkin otteeseen puhetta tulostuskomennon avulla tapahtuvasta debuggaamisesta. Kurssin aikana vastaan tulevat ohjelmat muuttuvat koko ajan haastavammiksi ja debuggauksen tarve tulee kasvamaan entisestään. Esimerkiksi silmukoiden lopetusehtojen saaminen toimimaan kaikissa tapauksissa voi olla haastavaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tulostuskomentoihin perustuva debuggaus kannattaa ottaa omaan työkalupakkiin viimeistään nyt. Kertaa tarvittaessa edellisen osan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ensimmäisessä "}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"neljännessä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" luvussa olleet debuggausohjeet."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tulostamisen lisäksi on olemassa muitakin debuggaukseen sopivia työkaluja. Eräs tälläinen on sivuston "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Python Tutor"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarjoama "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"visualisointityökalu"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jonka avulla oman ohjelman koodia on mahdollista suorittaa komento komennolta havainnoiden samalla, mitä arvoja ohjelman muuttujat saavat."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa kuvassa Python Tutorilla visualisoidaan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"edellisen osan"}]},{"type":"text","value":" debuggausmateriaalissa olevan hieman rikkinäisen koodin toimintaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 69.1304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a0b58/3_1_0.webp 230w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/bc10c/3_1_0.webp 460w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/966d8/3_1_0.webp 920w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/445df/3_1_0.webp 1380w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a8768/3_1_0.webp 1816w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/81c8e/3_1_0.png 230w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/08a84/3_1_0.png 460w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png 920w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/b1001/3_1_0.png 1380w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png 1816w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png","alt":"3 1 0","title":"3 1 0","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Punainen nuoli kertoo, missä kohtaa ohjelman suoritus on menossa. Visualisaattori näyttää, mitä ohjelma on tulostanut ruudulle ja mitkä ovat ohjelman muuttujien arvot kullakin suorituksen hetkellä. Koodin suoritus etenee komento komennolta painiketta "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Next>"}]},{"type":"text","value":" painellessa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visualisaattorin käyttö on erittäin helppoa, koska riittää että tarkasteltava koodi kopioidaan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koodi-ikkunaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Huomaa, että visualisaattori ei saalli ääkkösten käyttämistä muuttujien eikä funktioiden nimissä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kokeneemmat ohjelmoijat tuskin käyttävät visualisaattoria koskaan, mutta aloittelijalle se voi olla oiva apuväline. Ohjelmointi ei nimittäin voi perustua tuuriin tai sattumaan. Ohjelmoijan on koko ajan tiedettävä tarkalleen, mitä muuttujien arvot ohjelman suorituksen aikana ovat. Jos muuttujien arvot eivät vastaakaan ohjelmoijan olettamaa, on tuloksena mitä suurimmalla todennäköisyydellä bugi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visualisaattori ja debuggaustulostukset ovat erinomainen väline siihen, että ohjelmoija voi omin silmin varmistaa, että ohjelma todellakin toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kahden potenssit","tmcname":"osa03-03_kahden_potenssit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa ensin luvun 1 ja sen jälkeen kerta toisensa jälkeen aina kaksi kertaa suuremman luvun. Ohjelma siis tulostaa luvun kaksi potensseja."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun on tulostettu luku, joka on korkeintaan käyttäjän syötteen suuruinen. Yhtään käyttäjän syötettä suurempaa lukua ei siis tulosteta!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n2\n4\n8"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"20"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16\n32\n64"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-komennon ehtona arvoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":"!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Miten kahden potenssit lasketaan?"}]},{"type":"text","value":" Ensimmäinen kahden potenssi on luku 1. Seuraava saadaan kertomalla 1 luvulla 2, eli se on 2. Sitä seuraava saadaan taas kertomalla edellinen kahden potenssi kahdella, eli kyseessä on 2 * 2 eli 4, ja seuraava saadaan kertomalla kahdella 4 * 2 eli kyseessä on 8, jne..."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Luvun n potenssit","tmcname":"osa03-04_luvun_n_potenssit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa siten, että käyttäjä saa määrätä kertoimen (edellisessä ohjelmassa kerroin oli aina 2), eli sen, minkä luvun potensseja ohjelma tulostaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"27"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä kerroin: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n3\n9\n27"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1234567"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä kerroin: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n10\n100\n1000\n10000\n100000\n1000000"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-komennon ehtona arvoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":"!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 1","tmcname":"osa03-04a_perakkaisten_summa_helpompi"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka laskee peräkkäisten lukujen summaa 1 + 2 + 3 + ... kunnes sen arvo on vähintään käyttäjän syöttämä luku. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n21"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista","ariaLabel":"merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jo kurssin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ensimetreillä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" opimme, että merkkijono on mahdollista \"rakentaa\" useammasta pienemmästä merkkijonosta +-operaattorin avulla. Esimerkiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"suo\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\", kuokka\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\" ja python\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"suo, kuokka ja python"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että edellinen on mahdollista kirjoittaa hieman tiiviimmin operaattorin += avulla:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"suo\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\", kuokka\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nsanat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\" ja python\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sanat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Yhdistettävä merkkijonon pätkä voi olla myös f-merkkijono. Tämä saattaa olla kätevää, jos rakennettavaan merkkijonoon lisätään muuttujissa olevia arvoja. Voimme siis tehdä esim. seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kurssi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\narvosana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nlausunto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Olet saanut \""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlausunto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string-interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"f\"kurssilta "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{"}]},{"type":"text","value":"kurssi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":" \""}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlausunto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string-interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"f\"arvosanan "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{"}]},{"type":"text","value":"arvosana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lausunto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa..."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 2","tmcname":"osa03-05_perakkaisten_summa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta hieman kehittyneempi versio, joka tulostaa lopputuloksen lisäksi myös sen miten kyseinen summa lasketaan:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 = 3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"2b66a88b-973a-5cec-b9ef-0926e5ecc2c5"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat tehdä while-silmukan, jonka alkurivillä on ehto</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mikä merkitys alustuksella, ehdolla ja muutoksella on silmukassa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää erilaisia ehtoja silmukoissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"osallistu-tutkimukseen---vastaa-kyselyyn\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osallistu tutkimukseen - vastaa kyselyyn<a href=\"#osallistu-tutkimukseen---vastaa-kyselyyn\" aria-label=\"osallistu tutkimukseen   vastaa kyselyyn permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Alla olevan linkin takaa löytyy Hannu Pesosen väitöskirjatutkimukseen liittyvä kysely. Kurssin suorittaminen ei edellytä kyselyyn vastaamista, mutta yliopistoissa tutkimus on luonnollisesti tärkeässä osassa myös opetuksen kehittämisessä.</p><p>Jos sinulta siis löytyy hetki aikaa, niin <a href=\"https://link.webropolsurveys.com/S/EB89556E704FA59B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vastaa kyselyyn</a>.</p><p>Kyselyyn ei ole pakko antaa henkilötietoja (esimerkiksi nimeä), vaikka niitä ensimmäisellä sivulla kysytäänkin.</p><!--vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><text-box variant='hint' name='Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä'><p>Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><p>Edellisen osan lopussa opimme käyttämään <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa koodin toistamiseen. Tässä tapauksessa silmukan ehtona on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, joka on aina tosi. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tulosta lukuja kunnes muuttujan a arvo on 5</span>\na <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    a <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Silmukan toimintaa voidaan monipuolistaa käyttämällä ehtoa <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-määrittelyssä. Yleisemmin voimme siis käyttää silmukkaa näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>ehtolauseke<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>lohko<span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Ideana on, että silmukka vuorotellen tarkastaa ehdon ja suorittaa lohkossa olevan koodin, jos ehto on tosi. Sitten kun ehto on epätosi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 417px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 103.04347826086956%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/a0b58/3_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/b6b2f/3_1_1.webp 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/81c8e/3_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png\" alt=\"3 1 1\" title=\"3 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa silmukassa ehtona on <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 10</code> eli silmukan koodi suoritetaan, jos luku on alle 10.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suoritus valmis.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus voi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\nSuoritus valmis.</p></sample-output><p>Koska ehto tarkastetaan aina ennen silmukan koodin suoritusta, on mahdollista, ettei koodia suoriteta kertaakaan. Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>12</strong>\nSuoritus valmis.</p></sample-output><p>Koska 12 ei ole pienempi kuin 10, ohjelma ei tulosta yhtään lukua.</p><h2 id=\"alustus-testaus-ja-muutos\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alustus, testaus ja muutos<a href=\"#alustus-testaus-ja-muutos\" aria-label=\"alustus testaus ja muutos permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Monessa silmukassa on kolme osaa: alustus, ehto ja muutos.</p><p><em>Alustus</em> tarkoittaa silmukassa käytettävän muuttujan tai muuttujien alkuarvojen antamista. Tämä vaihe tehdään ennen silmukkaa. <em>Ehto</em> kirjoitetaan silmukan alkuun, ja se määrittelee, kuinka kauan silmukkaa suoritetaan. Joka kierroksella tapahtuva <em>muutos</em> vie silmukan askeleen lähemmäs sen loppumista. Esimerkiksi:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 508px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 60%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/a0b58/3_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/bc10c/3_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/7b066/3_1_2.webp 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/81c8e/3_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/08a84/3_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png\" alt=\"3 1 2\" title=\"3 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos jokin kolmesta osasta puuttuu, silmukka ei toimi oikein. Yksi tyypillinen virhe on muutoksen unohtaminen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suoritus valmis.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvo ei koskaan muutu, jää ohjelma suoritettaessa ikuiseen silmukkaan eli toistaa samaa koodia, kunnes käyttäjä katkaisee ohjelman suorituksen (esimerkiksi painamalla <code class=\"language-text\">Control</code> + <code class=\"language-text\">C</code>):</p><sample-output><p>1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n(tämä jatkuu ikuisesti...)</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tulosta luvut\" tmcname=\"osa03-00_tulosta_luvut\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa silmukassa luvut kahdesta kolmeenkymmeneen kahden luvun välein. Jokainen luku tulostetaan omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Ohjelman tulosteen alku näytää siis tältä:</p><sample-output>\n2\n4\n6\n8\njne...\n</sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lähtölaskenta\" tmcname=\"osa03-01_lahtolaskenta\"><p>Korjaa tehtäväpohjassa oleva ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Valmiina?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>siten että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Valmiina?\nAnna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nNyt!</p></sample-output><p>Älä tällä kertaa käytä <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"ehdoista-tarkemmin\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ehdoista tarkemmin<a href=\"#ehdoista-tarkemmin\" aria-label=\"ehdoista tarkemmin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukan ehtona voidaan käyttää mitä tahansa ehtolauseketta. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa lukuja kolmen välein niin kauan kuin luku on pienempi kuin 100 eikä se ole jaollinen 5:llä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi esimerkkitulostusta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>28</strong>\n28\n31\n34\n37</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>96</strong>\n96\n99</p></sample-output><p>Luvun 28 kohdalla silmukka päättyy lukuun 37, koska seuraava luku 40 on jaollinen 5:llä. Luvun 96 kohdalla silmukka päättyy lukuun 99, koska seuraava luku 102 ei ole alle 100.</p><p>Silmukan ehtoa kirjoittaessa on tärkeä varmistua siitä, että silmukan suoritus päättyy. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma on joko päättyvä tai ei-päättyvä riippuen alkuarvosta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos syötteenä on parillinen luku, joka on enintään 10, silmukan suoritus päättyy:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n6\n8</p></sample-output><p>Muissa tapauksissa silmukka on kuitenkin ikuinen, koska muuttuja ei koskaan saavuta arvoa 10. Tällaisia syötteitä ovat esimerkiksi 3 ja 12.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvut\" tmcname=\"osa03-02_luvut\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kaikki käyttäjän antamaa lukua pienemmät luvut alkaen luvusta yksi.</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>5</strong>\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä while-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lisaa-debuggauksesta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää debuggauksesta<a href=\"#lisaa-debuggauksesta\" aria-label=\"lisaa debuggauksesta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Hieman haastavampaa ohjelmaa, esim. seuraavaksi vuorossa olevaa tehtävää <em>Kahden potenssit</em>, koodatessa voitaisiin lähteä liikkeelle seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mihin asti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä on aloitettu syötteen lukemisesta, minkä jälkeen ruvetaan miettimään silmukan lopetusehtoa sekä silmukan toimintaa.</p><p>Todennäköisesti ohjelma ei ensimmäisillä kokeilukerroilla toimi halutulla tavalla ja koodia on testailtava kymmeniä tai jopa satoja kertoja ennen kuin se alkaa toimia.</p><p>Koska koodi lukee syötteitä käyttäjältä, sen toiminnan kokeileminen on hidasta ja vaivalloista, koska jokaisella testauskerralla on ohjelmalle annettava näppäimistöltä käsin sen haluamat syötteet.</p><p>Yksi tapa toimia on \"kovakoodata\" syöte aluksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># kovakoodataan syötteen arvo aluksi</span>\nasti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma toimii yhdellä syötteellä, sitä on helppo kokeilla muilla kovakoodatuilla syötteillä ja lopulta lukemalla syöte käyttäjältä.</p><p>Vastaava kikka toimii myös kurssien tehtäviin liittyvien testien ongelmatilanteita selvitellessä. Jos testi kertoo, että ohjelmasi toimii väärin, kun syöte on vaikkapa 42, niin kovakoodataan se syötteeksi bugin etsinnän ajaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># testi ilmoitti että koodi toimii väärin kun syöte on 42</span>\nasti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Kurssin <a href=\"/osa-2\">edellisessä osassa</a> oli jo pariinkin otteeseen puhetta tulostuskomennon avulla tapahtuvasta debuggaamisesta. Kurssin aikana vastaan tulevat ohjelmat muuttuvat koko ajan haastavammiksi ja debuggauksen tarve tulee kasvamaan entisestään. Esimerkiksi silmukoiden lopetusehtojen saaminen toimimaan kaikissa tapauksissa voi olla haastavaa.</p><p>Tulostuskomentoihin perustuva debuggaus kannattaa ottaa omaan työkalupakkiin viimeistään nyt. Kertaa tarvittaessa edellisen osan <a href=\"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja\">ensimmäisessä </a> ja <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka\">neljännessä</a> luvussa olleet debuggausohjeet.</p><p>Tulostamisen lisäksi on olemassa muitakin debuggaukseen sopivia työkaluja. Eräs tälläinen on sivuston <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Python Tutor</a> tarjoama <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisointityökalu</a>, jonka avulla oman ohjelman koodia on mahdollista suorittaa komento komennolta havainnoiden samalla, mitä arvoja ohjelman muuttujat saavat.</p><p>Seuraavassa kuvassa Python Tutorilla visualisoidaan <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka\">edellisen osan</a> debuggausmateriaalissa olevan hieman rikkinäisen koodin toimintaa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 69.1304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a0b58/3_1_0.webp 230w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/bc10c/3_1_0.webp 460w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/966d8/3_1_0.webp 920w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/445df/3_1_0.webp 1380w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a8768/3_1_0.webp 1816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/81c8e/3_1_0.png 230w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/08a84/3_1_0.png 460w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png 920w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/b1001/3_1_0.png 1380w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png 1816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png\" alt=\"3 1 0\" title=\"3 1 0\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Punainen nuoli kertoo, missä kohtaa ohjelman suoritus on menossa. Visualisaattori näyttää, mitä ohjelma on tulostanut ruudulle ja mitkä ovat ohjelman muuttujien arvot kullakin suorituksen hetkellä. Koodin suoritus etenee komento komennolta painiketta <em>Next></em> painellessa.</p><p>Visualisaattorin käyttö on erittäin helppoa, koska riittää että tarkasteltava koodi kopioidaan <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">koodi-ikkunaan</a>. Huomaa, että visualisaattori ei saalli ääkkösten käyttämistä muuttujien eikä funktioiden nimissä.</p><p>Kokeneemmat ohjelmoijat tuskin käyttävät visualisaattoria koskaan, mutta aloittelijalle se voi olla oiva apuväline. Ohjelmointi ei nimittäin voi perustua tuuriin tai sattumaan. Ohjelmoijan on koko ajan tiedettävä tarkalleen, mitä muuttujien arvot ohjelman suorituksen aikana ovat. Jos muuttujien arvot eivät vastaakaan ohjelmoijan olettamaa, on tuloksena mitä suurimmalla todennäköisyydellä bugi.</p><p>Visualisaattori ja debuggaustulostukset ovat erinomainen väline siihen, että ohjelmoija voi omin silmin varmistaa, että ohjelma todellakin toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kahden potenssit\" tmcname=\"osa03-03_kahden_potenssit\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa ensin luvun 1 ja sen jälkeen kerta toisensa jälkeen aina kaksi kertaa suuremman luvun. Ohjelma siis tulostaa luvun kaksi potensseja.</p><p>Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun on tulostettu luku, joka on korkeintaan käyttäjän syötteen suuruinen. Yhtään käyttäjän syötettä suurempaa lukua ei siis tulosteta!</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>8</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>20</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>100</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16\n32\n64</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p><p><strong>Miten kahden potenssit lasketaan?</strong> Ensimmäinen kahden potenssi on luku 1. Seuraava saadaan kertomalla 1 luvulla 2, eli se on 2. Sitä seuraava saadaan taas kertomalla edellinen kahden potenssi kahdella, eli kyseessä on 2 * 2 eli 4, ja seuraava saadaan kertomalla kahdella 4 * 2 eli kyseessä on 8, jne...</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvun n potenssit\" tmcname=\"osa03-04_luvun_n_potenssit\"><p>Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa siten, että käyttäjä saa määrätä kertoimen (edellisessä ohjelmassa kerroin oli aina 2), eli sen, minkä luvun potensseja ohjelma tulostaa.</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>27</strong>\nMikä kerroin: <strong>3</strong>\n1\n3\n9\n27</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>1234567</strong>\nMikä kerroin: <strong>10</strong>\n1\n10\n100\n1000\n10000\n100000\n1000000</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 1\" tmcname=\"osa03-04a_perakkaisten_summa_helpompi\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka laskee peräkkäisten lukujen summaa 1 + 2 + 3 + ... kunnes sen arvo on vähintään käyttäjän syöttämä luku. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>2</strong>\n3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>10</strong>\n10</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>18</strong>\n21</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista<a href=\"#merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jo kurssin <a href=\"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta\">ensimetreillä</a> opimme, että merkkijono on mahdollista \"rakentaa\" useammasta pienemmästä merkkijonosta +-operaattorin avulla. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", kuokka\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja python\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suo, kuokka ja python</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että edellinen on mahdollista kirjoittaa hieman tiiviimmin operaattorin += avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", kuokka\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja python\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yhdistettävä merkkijonon pätkä voi olla myös f-merkkijono. Tämä saattaa olla kätevää, jos rakennettavaan merkkijonoon lisätään muuttujissa olevia arvoja. Voimme siis tehdä esim. seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span>\narvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Olet saanut \"</span>\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kurssilta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span>\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"arvosanan </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lausunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4</p></sample-output><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä.</p><p>Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa...</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 2\" tmcname=\"osa03-05_perakkaisten_summa\"><p>Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta hieman kehittyneempi versio, joka tulostaa lopputuloksen lisäksi myös sen miten kyseinen summa lasketaan:</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>2</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 = 3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>10</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>18</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"2b66a88b-973a-5cec-b9ef-0926e5ecc2c5\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa","title":"Ehdot silmukoissa"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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Kurssin suorittaminen ei edellytä kyselyyn vastaamista, mutta yliopistoissa tutkimus on luonnollisesti tärkeässä osassa myös opetuksen kehittämisessä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos sinulta siis löytyy hetki aikaa, niin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://link.webropolsurveys.com/S/EB89556E704FA59B","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vastaa kyselyyn"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kyselyyn ei ole pakko antaa henkilötietoja (esimerkiksi nimeä), vaikka niitä ensimmäisellä sivulla kysytäänkin."}]},{"type":"comment","value":"vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä"},{"type":"element","tagName":"text-box","properties":{"variant":"hint","name":"Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"arvosteluperusteet"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toteavat, "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä."}]},{"type":"text","value":" Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":". 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Sitten kun ehto on epätosi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 417px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 103.04347826086956%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: 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Eräs tälläinen on sivuston "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Python Tutor"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarjoama "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"visualisointityökalu"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jonka avulla oman ohjelman koodia on mahdollista suorittaa komento komennolta havainnoiden samalla, mitä arvoja ohjelman muuttujat saavat."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa kuvassa Python Tutorilla visualisoidaan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"edellisen osan"}]},{"type":"text","value":" debuggausmateriaalissa olevan hieman rikkinäisen koodin toimintaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 69.1304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a0b58/3_1_0.webp 230w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/bc10c/3_1_0.webp 460w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/966d8/3_1_0.webp 920w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/445df/3_1_0.webp 1380w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a8768/3_1_0.webp 1816w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/81c8e/3_1_0.png 230w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/08a84/3_1_0.png 460w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png 920w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/b1001/3_1_0.png 1380w","/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png 1816w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png","alt":"3 1 0","title":"3 1 0","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Punainen nuoli kertoo, missä kohtaa ohjelman suoritus on menossa. Visualisaattori näyttää, mitä ohjelma on tulostanut ruudulle ja mitkä ovat ohjelman muuttujien arvot kullakin suorituksen hetkellä. Koodin suoritus etenee komento komennolta painiketta "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Next>"}]},{"type":"text","value":" painellessa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visualisaattorin käyttö on erittäin helppoa, koska riittää että tarkasteltava koodi kopioidaan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koodi-ikkunaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Huomaa, että visualisaattori ei saalli ääkkösten käyttämistä muuttujien eikä funktioiden nimissä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kokeneemmat ohjelmoijat tuskin käyttävät visualisaattoria koskaan, mutta aloittelijalle se voi olla oiva apuväline. Ohjelmointi ei nimittäin voi perustua tuuriin tai sattumaan. Ohjelmoijan on koko ajan tiedettävä tarkalleen, mitä muuttujien arvot ohjelman suorituksen aikana ovat. Jos muuttujien arvot eivät vastaakaan ohjelmoijan olettamaa, on tuloksena mitä suurimmalla todennäköisyydellä bugi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visualisaattori ja debuggaustulostukset ovat erinomainen väline siihen, että ohjelmoija voi omin silmin varmistaa, että ohjelma todellakin toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kahden potenssit","tmcname":"osa03-03_kahden_potenssit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa ensin luvun 1 ja sen jälkeen kerta toisensa jälkeen aina kaksi kertaa suuremman luvun. Ohjelma siis tulostaa luvun kaksi potensseja."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun on tulostettu luku, joka on korkeintaan käyttäjän syötteen suuruinen. 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Seuraava saadaan kertomalla 1 luvulla 2, eli se on 2. Sitä seuraava saadaan taas kertomalla edellinen kahden potenssi kahdella, eli kyseessä on 2 * 2 eli 4, ja seuraava saadaan kertomalla kahdella 4 * 2 eli kyseessä on 8, jne..."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Luvun n potenssit","tmcname":"osa03-04_luvun_n_potenssit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa siten, että käyttäjä saa määrätä kertoimen (edellisessä ohjelmassa kerroin oli aina 2), eli sen, minkä luvun potensseja ohjelma tulostaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"27"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä kerroin: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n3\n9\n27"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1234567"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMikä kerroin: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n10\n100\n1000\n10000\n100000\n1000000"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-komennon ehtona arvoa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"text","value":"!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 1","tmcname":"osa03-04a_perakkaisten_summa_helpompi"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka laskee peräkkäisten lukujen summaa 1 + 2 + 3 + ... kunnes sen arvo on vähintään käyttäjän syöttämä luku. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n21"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista","ariaLabel":"merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jo kurssin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ensimetreillä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" opimme, että merkkijono on mahdollista \"rakentaa\" useammasta pienemmästä merkkijonosta +-operaattorin avulla. 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"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{"}]},{"type":"text","value":"arvosana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lausunto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa..."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 2","tmcname":"osa03-05_perakkaisten_summa"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta hieman kehittyneempi versio, joka tulostaa lopputuloksen lisäksi myös sen miten kyseinen summa lasketaan:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 = 3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Mihin asti: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"2b66a88b-973a-5cec-b9ef-0926e5ecc2c5"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat tehdä while-silmukan, jonka alkurivillä on ehto</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mikä merkitys alustuksella, ehdolla ja muutoksella on silmukassa</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää erilaisia ehtoja silmukoissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"osallistu-tutkimukseen---vastaa-kyselyyn\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osallistu tutkimukseen - vastaa kyselyyn<a href=\"#osallistu-tutkimukseen---vastaa-kyselyyn\" aria-label=\"osallistu tutkimukseen   vastaa kyselyyn permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Alla olevan linkin takaa löytyy Hannu Pesosen väitöskirjatutkimukseen liittyvä kysely. Kurssin suorittaminen ei edellytä kyselyyn vastaamista, mutta yliopistoissa tutkimus on luonnollisesti tärkeässä osassa myös opetuksen kehittämisessä.</p><p>Jos sinulta siis löytyy hetki aikaa, niin <a href=\"https://link.webropolsurveys.com/S/EB89556E704FA59B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vastaa kyselyyn</a>.</p><p>Kyselyyn ei ole pakko antaa henkilötietoja (esimerkiksi nimeä), vaikka niitä ensimmäisellä sivulla kysytäänkin.</p><!--vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><text-box variant='hint' name='Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä'><p>Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><p>Edellisen osan lopussa opimme käyttämään <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa koodin toistamiseen. Tässä tapauksessa silmukan ehtona on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, joka on aina tosi. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tulosta lukuja kunnes muuttujan a arvo on 5</span>\na <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    a <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Silmukan toimintaa voidaan monipuolistaa käyttämällä ehtoa <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-määrittelyssä. Yleisemmin voimme siis käyttää silmukkaa näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>ehtolauseke<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>lohko<span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Ideana on, että silmukka vuorotellen tarkastaa ehdon ja suorittaa lohkossa olevan koodin, jos ehto on tosi. Sitten kun ehto on epätosi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 417px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 103.04347826086956%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/a0b58/3_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/b6b2f/3_1_1.webp 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/81c8e/3_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png 417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/424da59634e40bf73e0e8f025df3bf97/f27fb/3_1_1.png\" alt=\"3 1 1\" title=\"3 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa silmukassa ehtona on <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt; 10</code> eli silmukan koodi suoritetaan, jos luku on alle 10.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suoritus valmis.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus voi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\nSuoritus valmis.</p></sample-output><p>Koska ehto tarkastetaan aina ennen silmukan koodin suoritusta, on mahdollista, ettei koodia suoriteta kertaakaan. Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>12</strong>\nSuoritus valmis.</p></sample-output><p>Koska 12 ei ole pienempi kuin 10, ohjelma ei tulosta yhtään lukua.</p><h2 id=\"alustus-testaus-ja-muutos\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alustus, testaus ja muutos<a href=\"#alustus-testaus-ja-muutos\" aria-label=\"alustus testaus ja muutos permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Monessa silmukassa on kolme osaa: alustus, ehto ja muutos.</p><p><em>Alustus</em> tarkoittaa silmukassa käytettävän muuttujan tai muuttujien alkuarvojen antamista. Tämä vaihe tehdään ennen silmukkaa. <em>Ehto</em> kirjoitetaan silmukan alkuun, ja se määrittelee, kuinka kauan silmukkaa suoritetaan. Joka kierroksella tapahtuva <em>muutos</em> vie silmukan askeleen lähemmäs sen loppumista. Esimerkiksi:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 508px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 60%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/a0b58/3_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/bc10c/3_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/7b066/3_1_2.webp 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/81c8e/3_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/08a84/3_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/773a3863d322b19f5fceeae0dc3638e2/2fd48/3_1_2.png\" alt=\"3 1 2\" title=\"3 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos jokin kolmesta osasta puuttuu, silmukka ei toimi oikein. Yksi tyypillinen virhe on muutoksen unohtaminen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suoritus valmis.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvo ei koskaan muutu, jää ohjelma suoritettaessa ikuiseen silmukkaan eli toistaa samaa koodia, kunnes käyttäjä katkaisee ohjelman suorituksen (esimerkiksi painamalla <code class=\"language-text\">Control</code> + <code class=\"language-text\">C</code>):</p><sample-output><p>1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n(tämä jatkuu ikuisesti...)</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tulosta luvut\" tmcname=\"osa03-00_tulosta_luvut\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka tulostaa silmukassa luvut kahdesta kolmeenkymmeneen kahden luvun välein. Jokainen luku tulostetaan omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Ohjelman tulosteen alku näytää siis tältä:</p><sample-output>\n2\n4\n6\n8\njne...\n</sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lähtölaskenta\" tmcname=\"osa03-01_lahtolaskenta\"><p>Korjaa tehtäväpohjassa oleva ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Valmiina?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nyt!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>siten että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Valmiina?\nAnna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nNyt!</p></sample-output><p>Älä tällä kertaa käytä <code class=\"language-text\">while True</code> -silmukkaa!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"ehdoista-tarkemmin\" style=\"position:relative;\">Ehdoista tarkemmin<a href=\"#ehdoista-tarkemmin\" aria-label=\"ehdoista tarkemmin permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukan ehtona voidaan käyttää mitä tahansa ehtolauseketta. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa lukuja kolmen välein niin kauan kuin luku on pienempi kuin 100 eikä se ole jaollinen 5:llä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">%</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi esimerkkitulostusta eri syötteillä:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>28</strong>\n28\n31\n34\n37</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>96</strong>\n96\n99</p></sample-output><p>Luvun 28 kohdalla silmukka päättyy lukuun 37, koska seuraava luku 40 on jaollinen 5:llä. Luvun 96 kohdalla silmukka päättyy lukuun 99, koska seuraava luku 102 ei ole alle 100.</p><p>Silmukan ehtoa kirjoittaessa on tärkeä varmistua siitä, että silmukan suoritus päättyy. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma on joko päättyvä tai ei-päättyvä riippuen alkuarvosta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos syötteenä on parillinen luku, joka on enintään 10, silmukan suoritus päättyy:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n6\n8</p></sample-output><p>Muissa tapauksissa silmukka on kuitenkin ikuinen, koska muuttuja ei koskaan saavuta arvoa 10. Tällaisia syötteitä ovat esimerkiksi 3 ja 12.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvut\" tmcname=\"osa03-02_luvut\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kaikki käyttäjän antamaa lukua pienemmät luvut alkaen luvusta yksi.</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>5</strong>\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä while-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lisaa-debuggauksesta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää debuggauksesta<a href=\"#lisaa-debuggauksesta\" aria-label=\"lisaa debuggauksesta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Hieman haastavampaa ohjelmaa, esim. seuraavaksi vuorossa olevaa tehtävää <em>Kahden potenssit</em>, koodatessa voitaisiin lähteä liikkeelle seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mihin asti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä on aloitettu syötteen lukemisesta, minkä jälkeen ruvetaan miettimään silmukan lopetusehtoa sekä silmukan toimintaa.</p><p>Todennäköisesti ohjelma ei ensimmäisillä kokeilukerroilla toimi halutulla tavalla ja koodia on testailtava kymmeniä tai jopa satoja kertoja ennen kuin se alkaa toimia.</p><p>Koska koodi lukee syötteitä käyttäjältä, sen toiminnan kokeileminen on hidasta ja vaivalloista, koska jokaisella testauskerralla on ohjelmalle annettava näppäimistöltä käsin sen haluamat syötteet.</p><p>Yksi tapa toimia on \"kovakoodata\" syöte aluksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># kovakoodataan syötteen arvo aluksi</span>\nasti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun ohjelma toimii yhdellä syötteellä, sitä on helppo kokeilla muilla kovakoodatuilla syötteillä ja lopulta lukemalla syöte käyttäjältä.</p><p>Vastaava kikka toimii myös kurssien tehtäviin liittyvien testien ongelmatilanteita selvitellessä. Jos testi kertoo, että ohjelmasi toimii väärin, kun syöte on vaikkapa 42, niin kovakoodataan se syötteeksi bugin etsinnän ajaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># testi ilmoitti että koodi toimii väärin kun syöte on 42</span>\nasti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># int(input(\"Mihin asti\"))</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> asti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span></code></pre></div><p>Kurssin <a href=\"/osa-2\">edellisessä osassa</a> oli jo pariinkin otteeseen puhetta tulostuskomennon avulla tapahtuvasta debuggaamisesta. Kurssin aikana vastaan tulevat ohjelmat muuttuvat koko ajan haastavammiksi ja debuggauksen tarve tulee kasvamaan entisestään. Esimerkiksi silmukoiden lopetusehtojen saaminen toimimaan kaikissa tapauksissa voi olla haastavaa.</p><p>Tulostuskomentoihin perustuva debuggaus kannattaa ottaa omaan työkalupakkiin viimeistään nyt. Kertaa tarvittaessa edellisen osan <a href=\"/osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja\">ensimmäisessä </a> ja <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka\">neljännessä</a> luvussa olleet debuggausohjeet.</p><p>Tulostamisen lisäksi on olemassa muitakin debuggaukseen sopivia työkaluja. Eräs tälläinen on sivuston <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Python Tutor</a> tarjoama <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisointityökalu</a>, jonka avulla oman ohjelman koodia on mahdollista suorittaa komento komennolta havainnoiden samalla, mitä arvoja ohjelman muuttujat saavat.</p><p>Seuraavassa kuvassa Python Tutorilla visualisoidaan <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka\">edellisen osan</a> debuggausmateriaalissa olevan hieman rikkinäisen koodin toimintaa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 69.1304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a0b58/3_1_0.webp 230w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/bc10c/3_1_0.webp 460w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/966d8/3_1_0.webp 920w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/445df/3_1_0.webp 1380w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/a8768/3_1_0.webp 1816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/81c8e/3_1_0.png 230w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/08a84/3_1_0.png 460w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png 920w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/b1001/3_1_0.png 1380w,\n/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/95fa1/3_1_0.png 1816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d0cc22babf6824495497d96f07b56664/c0255/3_1_0.png\" alt=\"3 1 0\" title=\"3 1 0\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Punainen nuoli kertoo, missä kohtaa ohjelman suoritus on menossa. Visualisaattori näyttää, mitä ohjelma on tulostanut ruudulle ja mitkä ovat ohjelman muuttujien arvot kullakin suorituksen hetkellä. Koodin suoritus etenee komento komennolta painiketta <em>Next></em> painellessa.</p><p>Visualisaattorin käyttö on erittäin helppoa, koska riittää että tarkasteltava koodi kopioidaan <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">koodi-ikkunaan</a>. Huomaa, että visualisaattori ei saalli ääkkösten käyttämistä muuttujien eikä funktioiden nimissä.</p><p>Kokeneemmat ohjelmoijat tuskin käyttävät visualisaattoria koskaan, mutta aloittelijalle se voi olla oiva apuväline. Ohjelmointi ei nimittäin voi perustua tuuriin tai sattumaan. Ohjelmoijan on koko ajan tiedettävä tarkalleen, mitä muuttujien arvot ohjelman suorituksen aikana ovat. Jos muuttujien arvot eivät vastaakaan ohjelmoijan olettamaa, on tuloksena mitä suurimmalla todennäköisyydellä bugi.</p><p>Visualisaattori ja debuggaustulostukset ovat erinomainen väline siihen, että ohjelmoija voi omin silmin varmistaa, että ohjelma todellakin toimii kuten sen olettaa toimivan.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kahden potenssit\" tmcname=\"osa03-03_kahden_potenssit\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa ensin luvun 1 ja sen jälkeen kerta toisensa jälkeen aina kaksi kertaa suuremman luvun. Ohjelma siis tulostaa luvun kaksi potensseja.</p><p>Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun on tulostettu luku, joka on korkeintaan käyttäjän syötteen suuruinen. Yhtään käyttäjän syötettä suurempaa lukua ei siis tulosteta!</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>8</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>20</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>100</strong>\n1\n2\n4\n8\n16\n32\n64</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p><p><strong>Miten kahden potenssit lasketaan?</strong> Ensimmäinen kahden potenssi on luku 1. Seuraava saadaan kertomalla 1 luvulla 2, eli se on 2. Sitä seuraava saadaan taas kertomalla edellinen kahden potenssi kahdella, eli kyseessä on 2 * 2 eli 4, ja seuraava saadaan kertomalla kahdella 4 * 2 eli kyseessä on 8, jne...</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Luvun n potenssit\" tmcname=\"osa03-04_luvun_n_potenssit\"><p>Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa siten, että käyttäjä saa määrätä kertoimen (edellisessä ohjelmassa kerroin oli aina 2), eli sen, minkä luvun potensseja ohjelma tulostaa.</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>27</strong>\nMikä kerroin: <strong>3</strong>\n1\n3\n9\n27</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>1234567</strong>\nMikä kerroin: <strong>10</strong>\n1\n10\n100\n1000\n10000\n100000\n1000000</p></sample-output><p>Älä käytä tässä tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-komennon ehtona arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>!</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 1\" tmcname=\"osa03-04a_perakkaisten_summa_helpompi\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka laskee peräkkäisten lukujen summaa 1 + 2 + 3 + ... kunnes sen arvo on vähintään käyttäjän syöttämä luku. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>2</strong>\n3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>10</strong>\n10</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>18</strong>\n21</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista<a href=\"#merkkijonon-rakentaminen-paloista\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon rakentaminen paloista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jo kurssin <a href=\"/osa-1/2-tietoa-kayttajalta\">ensimetreillä</a> opimme, että merkkijono on mahdollista \"rakentaa\" useammasta pienemmästä merkkijonosta +-operaattorin avulla. Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", kuokka\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja python\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suo, kuokka ja python</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että edellinen on mahdollista kirjoittaa hieman tiiviimmin operaattorin += avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", kuokka\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ja python\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yhdistettävä merkkijonon pätkä voi olla myös f-merkkijono. Tämä saattaa olla kätevää, jos rakennettavaan merkkijonoon lisätään muuttujissa olevia arvoja. Voimme siis tehdä esim. seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span>\narvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Olet saanut \"</span>\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kurssilta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span>\nlausunto <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"arvosanan </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lausunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olet saanut kurssilta Ohjelmoinnin perusteet arvosanan 4</p></sample-output><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä laskettiin lukujen summaa kasvattamalla sen arvoa silmukan sisällä.</p><p>Täsmälleen samalla idealla on mahdollista rakentaa myös merkkijonoa siten, että siihen lisätään yksi osa kerrallaan silmukassa...</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Peräkkäisten summa, versio 2\" tmcname=\"osa03-05_perakkaisten_summa\"><p>Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta hieman kehittyneempi versio, joka tulostaa lopputuloksen lisäksi myös sen miten kyseinen summa lasketaan:</p><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>2</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 = 3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>10</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Mihin asti: <strong>18</strong>\nLaskettiin 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että käyttäjän antama luku on 2 tai suurempi.</p></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"2b66a88b-973a-5cec-b9ef-0926e5ecc2c5\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa","title":"Ehdot silmukoissa"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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Jos toista (tai edes ensimmäistä) esiintymää ei löydy, ohjelma tulostaa tästä tiedon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Määritellään tässä yhteydessä, että esiintymät "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"eivät"}]},{"type":"text","value":" voi mennä päällekkäin, merkkijonossa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aaaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osajonon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toinen esiintymä löytyy siis indeksin 2 kohdalta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muutama esimerkkisuoritus:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"abcabc"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ab"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 3."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"saippuakauppias"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 6."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aybabtu"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ba"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajono ei esiinny merkkijonossa kahdesti."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"c5153430-cc5e-5fc8-9f9e-af4a06167a0f"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää operaattoreita <code class=\"language-text\">+</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">*</code> merkkijonojen kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat laskea merkkijonon pituuden</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon indeksointi</li>\n<li>Osaat etsiä osajonoja merkkijonosta</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"merkkijono-operaatiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijono-operaatiot<a href=\"#merkkijono-operaatiot\" aria-label=\"merkkijono operaatiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonojen yhdistäminen tapahtuu <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esi\"</span>\nloppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"merkki\"</span>\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>loppu\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>esimerkki</p></sample-output><p>Myös <code class=\"language-text\">*</code>-operaattoria voidaan käyttää merkkijonojen yhteydessä. Jos toinen operandi kertolaskussa on merkkijono ja toinen kokonaisluku, saadaan merkkijonoa monistettua annettu määrä. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>apinaapinaapina</p></sample-output><p>Silmukan ja merkkijono-operaatioiden avulla voimme tehdä ohjelman, joka piirtää pyramidin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># pyramidin kerrosten määrä</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"**\"</span>\n    n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">          *\n         ***\n        *****\n       *******\n      *********\n     ***********\n    *************\n   ***************\n  *****************\n *******************</code></pre></div><p>Silmukassa oleva <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento tulostaa rivin, jonka alussa on <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> välilyöntiä ja sitten muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> sisältö. Tämän jälkeen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> loppuun lisätään kaksi tähteä ja muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> arvo vähenee yhdellä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Monta jonoa\" tmcname=\"osa03-05a_monistetut_jonot\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja määrän ja tulostaa sitten annettua merkkijonoa annetun määrän. Tulostuksen tulee tapahtua yhdelle riville yhteen pötköön.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa</strong>\nAnna määrä: <strong>4</strong>\nheippaheippaheippaheippa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-pituus-ja-indeksointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon pituus ja indeksointi<a href=\"#merkkijonon-pituus-ja-indeksointi\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon pituus ja indeksointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> palauttaa kokonaisluvun, joka on merkkijonon pituus merkkeinä. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">len(\"moi\")</code> palauttaa 3, koska merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">moi</code> on 3 merkkiä.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän syöttämän merkkijonon \"alleviivattuna\" monistamalla merkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">-</code> syötteen pituuden mukaisen määrän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Moi kaikki!</strong></p><pre>\nMoi kaikki!\n-----------\n</pre></sample-output><p>Pituuteen lasketaan mukaan kaikki merkkijonossa olevat merkit, mukaan lukien välilyönnit. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">moi moi</code> pituus on 7.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Pidempi jono\" tmcname=\"osa03-05b_pidempi_jono\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi merkkijonoa ja tulostaa jonoista pidemmän (ts. sen, jossa on enemmän merkkejä). Jos jonot ovat yhtä pitkiä tulostetaan viesti \"Jonot ovat yhtä pitkät\"</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moi</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>heippa</strong>\nheippa on pidempi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moikkelis koikkelis</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>heipparallaa</strong>\nmoikkelis koikkelis on pidempi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moi</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>hei</strong>\nJonot ovat yhtä pitkät</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Yksittäinen merkkijonon merkki voidaan hakea operaattorin <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code> avulla. Operaattori kirjoitetaan merkkijonon perään, ja hakasulkeiden väliin kirjoitetaan halutun merkin <em>indeksi</em> eli kohta merkkijonossa.</p><p>Huomaa, että merkkien indeksointi alkaa nollasta: ensimmäinen merkki on indeksin 0 kohdalla, toinen indeksin 1 kohdalla jne.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 27.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAv0lEQVQY042QVw7DMAxDff/r5QrZ29mbxRPgoH9tAIK2RFJyXJ7nKstS0zRpXVc7p2lqyLJM9OM4tv7zPD/hEIJ933Vdl87z1DiO6vte3nvrwYj/+RxmwsK3bZtxCDiOwzgMhO/7Nh3DuaOhxwtdFEVKkuQNbNvWGmyGqes6Mw3DoHme7U6dF7AMdfSEVlUl970uwqZpVNe1GWBM1PifMIGAoKIoXgb4HeuDEEgQIjaEqREazPSXZXmHcw6DyPkAEHPQodT6lKAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/a0b58/3_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/bfa8c/3_2_1.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/81c8e/3_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png\" alt=\"3 2 1\" title=\"3 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>apina</strong>\na\np\nn</p></sample-output><p>Koska merkkijonon ensimmäinen merkki on indeksin 0 kohdalla, on viimeinen merkki vastaavasti indeksin <em>pituus</em> – 1 kohdalla. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa merkkijonon ensimmäisen ja viimeisen merkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nEnsimmäinen: t\nViimeinen: i</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan käy läpi kaikki merkkijonon merkit vasemmalta oikealle silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nt\ne\ns\nt\ni</p></sample-output><p>Pythonissa merkkeihin voi viitata myös alkaen merkkijonon lopusta käyttämällä negatiivisia indeksejä. Merkkijonon viimeinen merkki on indeksin -1 kohdalla, toiseksi viimeinen indeksin -2 kohdalla jne. Onkin kätevämpi kirjoittaa <code class=\"language-text\">mjono[-1]</code> kuin <code class=\"language-text\">mjono[len(mjono) - 1]</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 27.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAwUlEQVQY042RVw7DMAxDff/r5QrZ29lbxSPgoH+tAYKyJVFU4vI8t7IsbZomW9dVcZqmQpZlRj6OY+Wf5/kJRyHY992u67LzPG0cR/PeC+Rgiv85jmbEwiG+79uO49A9MO4ZuG2bOBiAMUEddxdFkSVJ8gr2fS9HdV3bPM82DIPEqqqSWNu2cg3zHragDnbfdmlAqGkaFcJsAPMt4a7rBAR4g4ui0MBlWcyxHgiCOAzTYFZClCbu5GnEHQOIYRzzUz7RE9BZcbNucQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/a0b58/3_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/bfa8c/3_2_2.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/81c8e/3_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png\" alt=\"3 2 2\" title=\"3 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tämän avulla aiempi ohjelma voidaan toteuttaa paremmin näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nEnsimmäinen: t\nViimeinen: i</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"indexerror-string-index-out-of-range\" style=\"position:relative;\">IndexError: string index out of range<a href=\"#indexerror-string-index-out-of-range\" aria-label=\"indexerror string index out of range permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonon käsittelyssä tulee olla tarkkana indeksien kanssa. Jos viitataan merkkijonon ulkopuolelle, on seurauksena virheilmoitus <em>IndexError: string index out of range</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kymmenes merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>ohjelmoinnin perusteet</strong>\nKymmenes merkki: n</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>python</strong></p><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nIndexError: string index out of range</div></sample-output><p>Joskus virhetilanne johtuu ohjelmointivirheestä. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon viimeistä merkkiä tarkasteltaessa on yleistä indeksoida vahingossa yhtä liian pitkälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska merkkijonojen indeksit alkavat nollasta, niin viimeinen merkki on indeksissä <code class=\"language-text\">len(mjono) - 1</code> eikä <code class=\"language-text\">len(mjono)</code>.</p><p>On myös tilanteita, joissa ohjelman on syytä varautua siihen, että virheen lähde on käyttäjän antama syöte:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Merkkijono on tyhjä eli ensimmäistä merkkiä ei ole\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä koodissa tyhjä syöte (käyttäjä painaa ainoastaan Enter) aiheuttaisi virheen, ellei koodari olisi lisännyt tarkastusta tilanteen varalta.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lopusta alkuun\" tmcname=\"osa03-05c_lopusta_alkuun\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten merkkijonon merkit allekkain käänteisessä järjestyksessä lopusta alkuun.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa</strong>\na\np\np\ni\ne\nh</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toinen ja toiseksi viimeinen\" tmcname=\"osa03-06_toinen_ja_toiseksi_viimeinen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä sanan ja kertoo, ovatko sen toinen ja toiseksi viimeinen merkki samoja.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>python</strong>\nToinen ja toiseksi viimeinen kirjain eroavat</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>pascal</strong>\nToinen ja toiseksi viimeinen kirjain on a</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuaitaviiva\" tmcname=\"osa03-09_risuaitaviiva\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää käyttäjän määräämän levyisen risuaitaviivan.</p><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>3</strong></p><pre>\n###\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>8</strong></p><pre>\n########\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuaitasuorakulmio\" tmcname=\"osa03-10_risuaitanelio\"><p>Laajenna edellistä niin, että käyttäjä syöttää myös piirrettävien rivien määrän</p><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>10</strong>\nKorkeus: <strong>3</strong>\n##########\n##########\n##########</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Alleviivaus\" tmcname=\"osa03-11_alleviivaus\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjältä merkkijonoja ja tulostaa kunkin merkkijonon oheisen esimerkin mukaisesti alleviivattuna. Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän merkkijonon, eli merkkijonon jonka pituus on 0.</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Moi kaikki!</strong></p><pre>\nMoi kaikki!\n-----------\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Tämä on testijono</strong></p><pre>\nTämä on testijono\n-----------------\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>a</strong></p><pre>\na\n-\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono:</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tasaus oikeaan\" tmcname=\"osa03-12_tasaus_oikeaan\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sen niin, että tulostetuksi tulee tasan 20 merkkiä. Jos merkkijono on lyhyempi, alkuun tulee tarvittava määrä tähtiä <code class=\"language-text\">*</code>.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että syötetyssä merkkijonossa on enintään 20 merkkiä.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong></p><pre>\n**************python\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>pitkämerkkijono</strong></p><pre>\n*****pitkämerkkijono\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>tosipitkämerkkijono</strong></p><pre>\n*tosipitkämerkkijono\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sanalaatikko\" tmcname=\"osa03-13_sanalaatikko\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä sanaa ja tulostaa sanan tähtiraameihin, joissa sana on keskellä. Raamien leveys on 30 merkkiä, ja voit olettaa, että sana mahtuu raameihin.</p><p>Huom! Jos sanan pituus on pariton, voit tulostaa sanan kumpaan tahansa mahdollisista keskikohdista.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>koe</strong></p><pre>\n******************************\n*            koe             *\n******************************\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong></p><pre>\n******************************\n*           python           *\n******************************\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"osajonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osajonot<a href=\"#osajonot\" aria-label=\"osajonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonon <em>osajono</em> muodostuu peräkkäisistä merkeistä, jotka ovat merkkijonon osana. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">esimerkki</code> osajonoja ovat <code class=\"language-text\">esi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">imer</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">merkki</code>.</p><p>Voimme erottaa halutussa kohdassa olevan osajonon syntaksilla <code class=\"language-text\">[a:b]</code>, mikä tarkoittaa, että osajono alkaa kohdasta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja päättyy juuri ennen kohtaa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. Voimme ajatella alku- ja loppukohdan merkkien vasemmalle puolelle piirretyiksi viivoiksi alla olevan kuvan mukaisesti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 33.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/a0b58/3_2_3.webp 230w,\n/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/bfa8c/3_2_3.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/81c8e/3_2_3.png 230w,\n/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png\" alt=\"3 2 3\" title=\"3 2 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Seuraava esimerkki esittelee osajonojen hakemista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># jos alkukohta puuttuu, se on oletuksena 0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># jos loppukohta puuttuu, se on oletuksena merkkijonon pituus</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>sai\npuakau\nsai\npuakauppias</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Puoliavoimet välit'><p>Merkkijonojen käsittelyssä väli <code class=\"language-text\">[a:b]</code> on <em>puoliavoin</em> eli alkukohta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>\nkuuluu väliin mutta loppukohta <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> ei kuulu väliin. Miksi näin?</p><p>Tähän ei ole syvällistä syytä, vaan kyseessä on käytäntö, joka esiintyy\nmonessa ohjelmointikielessä.</p><p>Yksi etu tästä on, että osajonon pituus saadaan helposti laskettua kaavalla <code class=\"language-text\">b-a</code>.\nToisaalta täytyy aina muistaa, että kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> oleva merkki\nei tule mukaan osajonoon.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Osajonot 1\" tmcname=\"osa03-07_osajonot1\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten kaikki sen ensimmäisestä merkistä alkavat osajonot pituusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nt\nte\ntes\ntest\ntesti</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Osajonot 2\" tmcname=\"osa03-08_osajonot2\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten kaikki sen viimeiseen merkkiin päättyvät osajonot pituusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\ni\nti\nsti\nesti\ntesti</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"osajonon-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osajonon etsiminen<a href=\"#osajonon-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"osajonon etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme tutkia <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattorin avulla, onko merkkijonossa tiettyä osajonoa.\nLauseke <code class=\"language-text\">a in b</code> on tosi, jos merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> on osajono <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"testi\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"t\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"est\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ets\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma antaa käyttäjän etsiä merkkijonon osajonoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mitä etsit? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Löytyi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mitä etsit? <strong>kaup</strong>\nLöytyi\nMitä etsit? <strong>abc</strong>\nEi löytynyt\nMitä etsit? <strong>ippu</strong>\nLöytyi\n...</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Löytyvätkö vokaalit\" tmcname=\"osa03-13b_loytyvatko_vokaalit\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten tiedon löytyvätkö vokaalit a, e ja o merkkijonosta.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla. Katso mallia esimerkkitulostuksesta.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa sulle</strong>\na löytyy\ne löytyy\no ei löydy</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>moi</strong>\na ei löydy\ne ei löydy\no löytyy</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Operaattori <code class=\"language-text\">in</code> palauttaa tiedon osajonon esiintymisestä, muttei tietoa siitä, <em>mistä</em> se löytyy. Tätä varten löytyy Pythonin merkkijonojen <em>metodi</em> <code class=\"language-text\">find</code>, joka saa parametrikseen etsittävän osajonon ja palauttaa joko ensimmäisen indeksin, josta osajono löytyy, tai <code class=\"language-text\">-1</code>, jos osajonoa ei löydy merkkijonosta.</p><p>Metodia käytetään seuraavasti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 227px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.11453744493392%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/7d72c/3_2_4.webp 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png\" alt=\"3 2 4\" title=\"3 2 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkkejä metodin käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"testi\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"t\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"est\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ets\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n-1\n1\n-1</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös laajentaa hakuohjelmaa näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mitä etsit? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Löytyi kohdasta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mitä etsit? <strong>kaup</strong>\nLöytyi kohdasta 7\nMitä etsit? <strong>abc</strong>\nEi löytynyt\nMitä etsit? <strong>ippu</strong>\nLöytyi kohdasta 2\n...</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Metodi'><p>Merkkijonon sisältä merkkijonoa etsivä <code class=\"language-text\">find</code> on siis <em>metodi</em>. Metodit ovat sukua jo meille tutuille asioille eli <em>funktioille</em>. Metodit ovatkin eräänlaisia funktioita, mutta niiden suorittama operaatio kohdistuu siihen <em>olioon</em>, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan, eli joka esiintyy metodikutsun alussa ennen metodin nimeä. Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">find</code> tapauksessa oliona on merkkijono, jonka osajonoa etsitään.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ensimmäisen osajonon haku\" tmcname=\"osa03-13c_osajonon_haku\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonoa ja yksittäistä merkkiä. Ohjelma tulostaa merkkijonosta löytyvän ensimmäisen kolmen merkin pituisen osajonon, jonka alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>a</strong>\napi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>banaani</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong>\nnaa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>tomaatti</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>x</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong></p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kaikkien osajonojen haku\" tmcname=\"osa03-14_osajonojen_haku\"><p>Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta laajennettu versio, joka tulostaa <em>kaikki merkkijonon sisältämät kolmen merkin pituiset osajonot</em>, joiden alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>a</strong>\napi\nata\nalo</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>banaani</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong>\nnaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong> seuraava esimerkki saattaa antaa jotain inspiraatiota eräästä tavasta miten tätä tehtävää voi lähestyä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\napinatalo\ninatalo\natalo\nalo\no</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toinen esiintymä\" tmcname=\"osa03-15_toinen_esiintyma\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka etsii merkkijonosta osajonon toisen esiintymän. Jos toista (tai edes ensimmäistä) esiintymää ei löydy, ohjelma tulostaa tästä tiedon.</p><p>Määritellään tässä yhteydessä, että esiintymät <em>eivät</em> voi mennä päällekkäin, merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">aaaa</code> osajonon <code class=\"language-text\">aa</code> toinen esiintymä löytyy siis indeksin 2 kohdalta.</p><p>Muutama esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>abcabc</strong>\nAnna osajono: <strong>ab</strong>\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 3.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>saippuakauppias</strong>\nAnna osajono: <strong>a</strong>\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 6.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>aybabtu</strong>\nAnna osajono: <strong>ba</strong>\nOsajono ei esiinny merkkijonossa kahdesti.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz 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Metodit ovat sukua jo meille tutuille asioille eli "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"funktioille"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Metodit ovatkin eräänlaisia funktioita, mutta niiden suorittama operaatio kohdistuu siihen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"olioon"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan, eli joka esiintyy metodikutsun alussa ennen metodin nimeä. Metodin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"find"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tapauksessa oliona on merkkijono, jonka osajonoa etsitään."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Ensimmäisen osajonon haku","tmcname":"osa03-13c_osajonon_haku"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonoa ja yksittäistä merkkiä. Ohjelma tulostaa merkkijonosta löytyvän ensimmäisen kolmen merkin pituisen osajonon, jonka alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"apinatalo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\napi"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"banaani"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nnaa"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tomaatti"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"x"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kaikkien osajonojen haku","tmcname":"osa03-14_osajonojen_haku"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta laajennettu versio, joka tulostaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kaikki merkkijonon sisältämät kolmen merkin pituiset osajonot"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joiden alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"apinatalo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\napi\nata\nalo"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"banaani"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMerkki: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nnaa"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vihje"}]},{"type":"text","value":" seuraava esimerkki saattaa antaa jotain inspiraatiota eräästä tavasta miten tätä tehtävää voi lähestyä"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Sana: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","boolean"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"True"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"break"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    sana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"apinatalo"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\napinatalo\ninatalo\natalo\nalo\no"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Toinen esiintymä","tmcname":"osa03-15_toinen_esiintyma"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka etsii merkkijonosta osajonon toisen esiintymän. Jos toista (tai edes ensimmäistä) esiintymää ei löydy, ohjelma tulostaa tästä tiedon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Määritellään tässä yhteydessä, että esiintymät "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"eivät"}]},{"type":"text","value":" voi mennä päällekkäin, merkkijonossa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aaaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" osajonon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aa"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toinen esiintymä löytyy siis indeksin 2 kohdalta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muutama esimerkkisuoritus:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"abcabc"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ab"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 3."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"saippuakauppias"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"a"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajonon toinen esiintymä on kohdassa 6."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna merkkijono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aybabtu"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna osajono: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ba"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nOsajono ei esiinny merkkijonossa kahdesti."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"c5153430-cc5e-5fc8-9f9e-af4a06167a0f"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää operaattoreita <code class=\"language-text\">+</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">*</code> merkkijonojen kanssa</li>\n<li>Osaat laskea merkkijonon pituuden</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon indeksointi</li>\n<li>Osaat etsiä osajonoja merkkijonosta</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"merkkijono-operaatiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijono-operaatiot<a href=\"#merkkijono-operaatiot\" aria-label=\"merkkijono operaatiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonojen yhdistäminen tapahtuu <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattorin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esi\"</span>\nloppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"merkki\"</span>\nsana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>loppu\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>esimerkki</p></sample-output><p>Myös <code class=\"language-text\">*</code>-operaattoria voidaan käyttää merkkijonojen yhteydessä. Jos toinen operandi kertolaskussa on merkkijono ja toinen kokonaisluku, saadaan merkkijonoa monistettua annettu määrä. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>apinaapinaapina</p></sample-output><p>Silmukan ja merkkijono-operaatioiden avulla voimme tehdä ohjelman, joka piirtää pyramidin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">n <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># pyramidin kerrosten määrä</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"**\"</span>\n    n <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">          *\n         ***\n        *****\n       *******\n      *********\n     ***********\n    *************\n   ***************\n  *****************\n *******************</code></pre></div><p>Silmukassa oleva <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento tulostaa rivin, jonka alussa on <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> välilyöntiä ja sitten muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> sisältö. Tämän jälkeen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> loppuun lisätään kaksi tähteä ja muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> arvo vähenee yhdellä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Monta jonoa\" tmcname=\"osa03-05a_monistetut_jonot\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja määrän ja tulostaa sitten annettua merkkijonoa annetun määrän. Tulostuksen tulee tapahtua yhdelle riville yhteen pötköön.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa</strong>\nAnna määrä: <strong>4</strong>\nheippaheippaheippaheippa</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonon-pituus-ja-indeksointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonon pituus ja indeksointi<a href=\"#merkkijonon-pituus-ja-indeksointi\" aria-label=\"merkkijonon pituus ja indeksointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> palauttaa kokonaisluvun, joka on merkkijonon pituus merkkeinä. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">len(\"moi\")</code> palauttaa 3, koska merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">moi</code> on 3 merkkiä.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän syöttämän merkkijonon \"alleviivattuna\" monistamalla merkkiä <code class=\"language-text\">-</code> syötteen pituuden mukaisen määrän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Moi kaikki!</strong></p><pre>\nMoi kaikki!\n-----------\n</pre></sample-output><p>Pituuteen lasketaan mukaan kaikki merkkijonossa olevat merkit, mukaan lukien välilyönnit. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">moi moi</code> pituus on 7.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Pidempi jono\" tmcname=\"osa03-05b_pidempi_jono\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kaksi merkkijonoa ja tulostaa jonoista pidemmän (ts. sen, jossa on enemmän merkkejä). Jos jonot ovat yhtä pitkiä tulostetaan viesti \"Jonot ovat yhtä pitkät\"</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moi</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>heippa</strong>\nheippa on pidempi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moikkelis koikkelis</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>heipparallaa</strong>\nmoikkelis koikkelis on pidempi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna jono 1: <strong>moi</strong>\nAnna jono 2: <strong>hei</strong>\nJonot ovat yhtä pitkät</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Yksittäinen merkkijonon merkki voidaan hakea operaattorin <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code> avulla. Operaattori kirjoitetaan merkkijonon perään, ja hakasulkeiden väliin kirjoitetaan halutun merkin <em>indeksi</em> eli kohta merkkijonossa.</p><p>Huomaa, että merkkien indeksointi alkaa nollasta: ensimmäinen merkki on indeksin 0 kohdalla, toinen indeksin 1 kohdalla jne.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 27.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAv0lEQVQY042QVw7DMAxDff/r5QrZ29mbxRPgoH9tAIK2RFJyXJ7nKstS0zRpXVc7p2lqyLJM9OM4tv7zPD/hEIJ933Vdl87z1DiO6vte3nvrwYj/+RxmwsK3bZtxCDiOwzgMhO/7Nh3DuaOhxwtdFEVKkuQNbNvWGmyGqes6Mw3DoHme7U6dF7AMdfSEVlUl970uwqZpVNe1GWBM1PifMIGAoKIoXgb4HeuDEEgQIjaEqREazPSXZXmHcw6DyPkAEHPQodT6lKAAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/a0b58/3_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/bfa8c/3_2_1.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/81c8e/3_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5fd25536ae63a100630f2df0e41f42a2/8574c/3_2_1.png\" alt=\"3 2 1\" title=\"3 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>apina</strong>\na\np\nn</p></sample-output><p>Koska merkkijonon ensimmäinen merkki on indeksin 0 kohdalla, on viimeinen merkki vastaavasti indeksin <em>pituus</em> – 1 kohdalla. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa merkkijonon ensimmäisen ja viimeisen merkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nEnsimmäinen: t\nViimeinen: i</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan käy läpi kaikki merkkijonon merkit vasemmalta oikealle silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nt\ne\ns\nt\ni</p></sample-output><p>Pythonissa merkkeihin voi viitata myös alkaen merkkijonon lopusta käyttämällä negatiivisia indeksejä. Merkkijonon viimeinen merkki on indeksin -1 kohdalla, toiseksi viimeinen indeksin -2 kohdalla jne. Onkin kätevämpi kirjoittaa <code class=\"language-text\">mjono[-1]</code> kuin <code class=\"language-text\">mjono[len(mjono) - 1]</code>.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 27.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAwUlEQVQY042RVw7DMAxDff/r5QrZ29lbxSPgoH+tAYKyJVFU4vI8t7IsbZomW9dVcZqmQpZlRj6OY+Wf5/kJRyHY992u67LzPG0cR/PeC+Rgiv85jmbEwiG+79uO49A9MO4ZuG2bOBiAMUEddxdFkSVJ8gr2fS9HdV3bPM82DIPEqqqSWNu2cg3zHragDnbfdmlAqGkaFcJsAPMt4a7rBAR4g4ui0MBlWcyxHgiCOAzTYFZClCbu5GnEHQOIYRzzUz7RE9BZcbNucQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/a0b58/3_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/bfa8c/3_2_2.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/81c8e/3_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8a3725dd40636e3419c7e27e82163b5a/8574c/3_2_2.png\" alt=\"3 2 2\" title=\"3 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Tämän avulla aiempi ohjelma voidaan toteuttaa paremmin näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nEnsimmäinen: t\nViimeinen: i</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"indexerror-string-index-out-of-range\" style=\"position:relative;\">IndexError: string index out of range<a href=\"#indexerror-string-index-out-of-range\" aria-label=\"indexerror string index out of range permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonon käsittelyssä tulee olla tarkkana indeksien kanssa. Jos viitataan merkkijonon ulkopuolelle, on seurauksena virheilmoitus <em>IndexError: string index out of range</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kymmenes merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>ohjelmoinnin perusteet</strong>\nKymmenes merkki: n</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>python</strong></p><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nIndexError: string index out of range</div></sample-output><p>Joskus virhetilanne johtuu ohjelmointivirheestä. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon viimeistä merkkiä tarkasteltaessa on yleistä indeksoida vahingossa yhtä liian pitkälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska merkkijonojen indeksit alkavat nollasta, niin viimeinen merkki on indeksissä <code class=\"language-text\">len(mjono) - 1</code> eikä <code class=\"language-text\">len(mjono)</code>.</p><p>On myös tilanteita, joissa ohjelman on syytä varautua siihen, että virheen lähde on käyttäjän antama syöte:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ensimmäinen merkki: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Merkkijono on tyhjä eli ensimmäistä merkkiä ei ole\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä koodissa tyhjä syöte (käyttäjä painaa ainoastaan Enter) aiheuttaisi virheen, ellei koodari olisi lisännyt tarkastusta tilanteen varalta.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Lopusta alkuun\" tmcname=\"osa03-05c_lopusta_alkuun\"><p>Kirjoita ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten merkkijonon merkit allekkain käänteisessä järjestyksessä lopusta alkuun.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa</strong>\na\np\np\ni\ne\nh</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toinen ja toiseksi viimeinen\" tmcname=\"osa03-06_toinen_ja_toiseksi_viimeinen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä sanan ja kertoo, ovatko sen toinen ja toiseksi viimeinen merkki samoja.</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>python</strong>\nToinen ja toiseksi viimeinen kirjain eroavat</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>pascal</strong>\nToinen ja toiseksi viimeinen kirjain on a</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuaitaviiva\" tmcname=\"osa03-09_risuaitaviiva\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka piirtää käyttäjän määräämän levyisen risuaitaviivan.</p><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>3</strong></p><pre>\n###\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>8</strong></p><pre>\n########\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuaitasuorakulmio\" tmcname=\"osa03-10_risuaitanelio\"><p>Laajenna edellistä niin, että käyttäjä syöttää myös piirrettävien rivien määrän</p><sample-output><p>Leveys: <strong>10</strong>\nKorkeus: <strong>3</strong>\n##########\n##########\n##########</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Alleviivaus\" tmcname=\"osa03-11_alleviivaus\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjältä merkkijonoja ja tulostaa kunkin merkkijonon oheisen esimerkin mukaisesti alleviivattuna. Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän merkkijonon, eli merkkijonon jonka pituus on 0.</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Moi kaikki!</strong></p><pre>\nMoi kaikki!\n-----------\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Tämä on testijono</strong></p><pre>\nTämä on testijono\n-----------------\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>a</strong></p><pre>\na\n-\n</pre><p>Anna merkkijono:</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Tasaus oikeaan\" tmcname=\"osa03-12_tasaus_oikeaan\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sen niin, että tulostetuksi tulee tasan 20 merkkiä. Jos merkkijono on lyhyempi, alkuun tulee tarvittava määrä tähtiä <code class=\"language-text\">*</code>.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että syötetyssä merkkijonossa on enintään 20 merkkiä.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong></p><pre>\n**************python\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>pitkämerkkijono</strong></p><pre>\n*****pitkämerkkijono\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>tosipitkämerkkijono</strong></p><pre>\n*tosipitkämerkkijono\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sanalaatikko\" tmcname=\"osa03-13_sanalaatikko\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä sanaa ja tulostaa sanan tähtiraameihin, joissa sana on keskellä. Raamien leveys on 30 merkkiä, ja voit olettaa, että sana mahtuu raameihin.</p><p>Huom! Jos sanan pituus on pariton, voit tulostaa sanan kumpaan tahansa mahdollisista keskikohdista.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>koe</strong></p><pre>\n******************************\n*            koe             *\n******************************\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong></p><pre>\n******************************\n*           python           *\n******************************\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"osajonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osajonot<a href=\"#osajonot\" aria-label=\"osajonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonon <em>osajono</em> muodostuu peräkkäisistä merkeistä, jotka ovat merkkijonon osana. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon <code class=\"language-text\">esimerkki</code> osajonoja ovat <code class=\"language-text\">esi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">imer</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">merkki</code>.</p><p>Voimme erottaa halutussa kohdassa olevan osajonon syntaksilla <code class=\"language-text\">[a:b]</code>, mikä tarkoittaa, että osajono alkaa kohdasta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja päättyy juuri ennen kohtaa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. Voimme ajatella alku- ja loppukohdan merkkien vasemmalle puolelle piirretyiksi viivoiksi alla olevan kuvan mukaisesti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 436px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 33.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/a0b58/3_2_3.webp 230w,\n/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/bfa8c/3_2_3.webp 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/81c8e/3_2_3.png 230w,\n/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png 436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/49c600ef1e17a304f10d29a288a47467/8574c/3_2_3.png\" alt=\"3 2 3\" title=\"3 2 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Seuraava esimerkki esittelee osajonojen hakemista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># jos alkukohta puuttuu, se on oletuksena 0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># jos loppukohta puuttuu, se on oletuksena merkkijonon pituus</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>sai\npuakau\nsai\npuakauppias</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Puoliavoimet välit'><p>Merkkijonojen käsittelyssä väli <code class=\"language-text\">[a:b]</code> on <em>puoliavoin</em> eli alkukohta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>\nkuuluu väliin mutta loppukohta <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> ei kuulu väliin. Miksi näin?</p><p>Tähän ei ole syvällistä syytä, vaan kyseessä on käytäntö, joka esiintyy\nmonessa ohjelmointikielessä.</p><p>Yksi etu tästä on, että osajonon pituus saadaan helposti laskettua kaavalla <code class=\"language-text\">b-a</code>.\nToisaalta täytyy aina muistaa, että kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> oleva merkki\nei tule mukaan osajonoon.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Osajonot 1\" tmcname=\"osa03-07_osajonot1\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten kaikki sen ensimmäisestä merkistä alkavat osajonot pituusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\nt\nte\ntes\ntest\ntesti</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Osajonot 2\" tmcname=\"osa03-08_osajonot2\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten kaikki sen viimeiseen merkkiin päättyvät osajonot pituusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>testi</strong>\ni\nti\nsti\nesti\ntesti</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"osajonon-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Osajonon etsiminen<a href=\"#osajonon-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"osajonon etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme tutkia <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattorin avulla, onko merkkijonossa tiettyä osajonoa.\nLauseke <code class=\"language-text\">a in b</code> on tosi, jos merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">b</code> on osajono <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"testi\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"t\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"est\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ets\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma antaa käyttäjän etsiä merkkijonon osajonoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mitä etsit? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Löytyi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mitä etsit? <strong>kaup</strong>\nLöytyi\nMitä etsit? <strong>abc</strong>\nEi löytynyt\nMitä etsit? <strong>ippu</strong>\nLöytyi\n...</p></sample-output><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Löytyvätkö vokaalit\" tmcname=\"osa03-13b_loytyvatko_vokaalit\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten tiedon löytyvätkö vokaalit a, e ja o merkkijonosta.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on syötetty kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla. Katso mallia esimerkkitulostuksesta.</p><p>Esimerkkitulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>heippa sulle</strong>\na löytyy\ne löytyy\no ei löydy</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>moi</strong>\na ei löydy\ne ei löydy\no löytyy</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><p>Operaattori <code class=\"language-text\">in</code> palauttaa tiedon osajonon esiintymisestä, muttei tietoa siitä, <em>mistä</em> se löytyy. Tätä varten löytyy Pythonin merkkijonojen <em>metodi</em> <code class=\"language-text\">find</code>, joka saa parametrikseen etsittävän osajonon ja palauttaa joko ensimmäisen indeksin, josta osajono löytyy, tai <code class=\"language-text\">-1</code>, jos osajonoa ei löydy merkkijonosta.</p><p>Metodia käytetään seuraavasti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 227px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.11453744493392%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/7d72c/3_2_4.webp 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5ce89dd815f6b20f038005e995598c4f/9b5be/3_2_4.png\" alt=\"3 2 4\" title=\"3 2 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkkejä metodin käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"testi\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"t\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"est\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ets\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n-1\n1\n-1</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös laajentaa hakuohjelmaa näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saippuakauppias\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mitä etsit? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Löytyi kohdasta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mitä etsit? <strong>kaup</strong>\nLöytyi kohdasta 7\nMitä etsit? <strong>abc</strong>\nEi löytynyt\nMitä etsit? <strong>ippu</strong>\nLöytyi kohdasta 2\n...</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Metodi'><p>Merkkijonon sisältä merkkijonoa etsivä <code class=\"language-text\">find</code> on siis <em>metodi</em>. Metodit ovat sukua jo meille tutuille asioille eli <em>funktioille</em>. Metodit ovatkin eräänlaisia funktioita, mutta niiden suorittama operaatio kohdistuu siihen <em>olioon</em>, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan, eli joka esiintyy metodikutsun alussa ennen metodin nimeä. Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">find</code> tapauksessa oliona on merkkijono, jonka osajonoa etsitään.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ensimmäisen osajonon haku\" tmcname=\"osa03-13c_osajonon_haku\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä merkkijonoa ja yksittäistä merkkiä. Ohjelma tulostaa merkkijonosta löytyvän ensimmäisen kolmen merkin pituisen osajonon, jonka alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>a</strong>\napi</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>banaani</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong>\nnaa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>tomaatti</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>x</strong></p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>python</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong></p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kaikkien osajonojen haku\" tmcname=\"osa03-14_osajonojen_haku\"><p>Tee edellisestä ohjelmasta laajennettu versio, joka tulostaa <em>kaikki merkkijonon sisältämät kolmen merkin pituiset osajonot</em>, joiden alkukirjain on käyttäjän syöttämä merkki. Voit olettaa, että merkkijono on vähintään kolmen merkin pituinen.</p><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>a</strong>\napi\nata\nalo</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>banaani</strong>\nMerkki: <strong>n</strong>\nnaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong> seuraava esimerkki saattaa antaa jotain inspiraatiota eräästä tavasta miten tätä tehtävää voi lähestyä</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Sana: <strong>apinatalo</strong>\napinatalo\ninatalo\natalo\nalo\no</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Toinen esiintymä\" tmcname=\"osa03-15_toinen_esiintyma\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka etsii merkkijonosta osajonon toisen esiintymän. 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diff --git a/page-data/osa-3/3-lisaa-silmukoista/page-data.json b/page-data/osa-3/3-lisaa-silmukoista/page-data.json
index 29484a6fb..3a125ac43 100644
--- a/page-data/osa-3/3-lisaa-silmukoista/page-data.json
+++ b/page-data/osa-3/3-lisaa-silmukoista/page-data.json
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Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa parilliset luvut käyttäjän haluamaan lukuun asti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"raja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Anna luku: \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ni "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" i "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"<"}]},{"type":"text","value":" raja"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"i"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    i "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n0\n2\n4\n6"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Apumuuttujan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"i"}]},{"type":"text","value":" arvo on silmukkaan ensimmäistä kertaa mentäessä 0 ja se kasvaa jokaisella silmukan suorituskerralla kahdella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sisäkkäisten silmukoiden tapauksessa on tilanteita, joissa sisempi silmukka tarvitsee oman indeksimuuttujansa. Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän antamaan lukuun perustuvan \"lukupyramidin\":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"luku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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\""}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" end"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        i "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"+="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    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1 2 3 4\n0 1 2 3\n0 1 2\n0 1\n0"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Nyt sisemmässä silmukassa on käytössä apumuuttuja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"i"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jonka arvo on aina sisempään silmukkaan mentäessä 0. Muuttujan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"i"}]},{"type":"text","value":" arvo kasvaa yhden välein, kunnes se on yhtä suuri kuin muuttujan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"luku"}]},{"type":"text","value":" nykyinen arvo, joka taas vähenee ulomman silmukan vuoksi kohti nollaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sisempi silmukka tulostaa apumuuttujan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"i"}]},{"type":"text","value":" arvot välilyönnillä eroteltuna samalle riville. Kun sisempi silmukka päättyy, tulostetaan aina rivinvaihto komennolla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos et ole täysin varma, että ymmärrät esimerkkikoodin toiminnan, kokeile kopioida koodi Python Tutorin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"visualisaattoriin"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja tarkastele, mitä ohjelma tulostaa ja miten muuttujien arvot vaihtuvat koodin edetessä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kertotaulut","tmcname":"osa03-15b_kertotaulut"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä positiivisen kokonaisluvun. Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkkitulostuksen mukaisesti kertolaskuja lukuun asti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: 2\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: 3\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n1 x 3 = 3\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4\n2 x 3 = 6\n3 x 1 = 3\n3 x 2 = 6\n3 x 3 = 9"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Sanojen ensimmäiset kirjaimet","tmcname":"osa03-16_sanojen_ensimmaiset_kirjaimet"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lauseen. Ohjelma tulostaa jokaisen sanan ensimmäisen kirjaimen ruudulle omille riveilleen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuoritus:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lause: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nV\ns\nh"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kertomat","tmcname":"osa03-17_kertomat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun. Jos käyttäjä syöttää negatiivisen luvun tai nollan, ohjelman suoritus päättyy. Muuten ohjelma tulostaa luvun kertoman."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertoma lasketaan kertomalla keskenään luku ja kaikki sitä pienemmät positiiviset kokonaisluvut. Esim. luvun 5 kertoma on 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkkisuorituksia:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuvun 3 kertoma on 6\nAnna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuvun 4 kertoma on 24\nAnna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKiitos ja moi!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nLuvun 1 kertoma on 1\nAnna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKiitos ja moi!"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Parit ympäri","tmcname":"osa03-18_parit_ympari"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa luvut 1:stä käyttäjän antamaan lukuun. Luvut on kuitenkin käännetty pareittain ympäri."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n2\n1\n4\n3\n5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n2\n1\n4\n3\n6\n5"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vuorotellen","tmcname":"osa03-19_vuorotellen"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä luvun ja tulostaa sitten lukuja vuorotellen seuraavien esimerkkien mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n5\n2\n4\n3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n6\n2\n5\n3\n4"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e2f853d1-544b-55c5-b257-7bc531034d9a"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Ymmärrät milloin <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoa tarvitaan silmukan keskeyttämiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat siirtyä silmukan seuraavalle kierrokselle <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code>-komennolla</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät sisäkkäisen silmukan toiminnan</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"break-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">break-komento<a href=\"#break-komento\" aria-label=\"break komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aiemmin silmukoiden yhteydessä tutustuttiin <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoon. Komennolla voidaan katkaista silmukan suoritus välittömästi. Tyypillinen esimerkki komennon käytöstä on silmukka, jossa kysytään käyttäjältä syötteitä, ja suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä antaa tietyn syötteen.</p><p>Vastaavaan toiminnallisuuteen päästään myös ilman <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoa sopivan ehdon avulla. Alla olevat esimerkit toteuttavat molemmat ohjelman, joka laskee käyttäjän syötteiden summan kunnes käyttäjä syöttää luvun -1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># 1. versio break-komennon avulla</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># 2. versio ilman break-komentoa</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien ohjelmien esimerkkisuoritus voisi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 14</p></sample-output><p>Molemmat versiot ovat toiminnallisuudeltaan siis käytännössä samanlaisia. Ensimmäinen tapa on kuitenkin usein helpompi, koska ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku == -1</code> riittää kirjoittaa vain kerran eikä muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> tarvitse alustaa silmukan ulkopuolella.</p><p>Komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">break</code> voidaan käyttää myös silloin, kun silmukassa on annettu jokin muu ehto kuin pelkkä totuusarvo <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava silmukka jatkuu niin kauan, kuin annettujen lukujen summa on enintään 100. Kuitenkin silmukka katkeaa myös, jos käyttäjä antaa luvun -1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Mahdollisia suorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>15</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>8</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>21</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 44</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>15</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>8</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>21</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>45</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>17</strong>\nSumma on 106</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisessä tapauksessa silmukka päättyy, koska käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Toisessa tapauksessa silmukka päättyy, koska lukujen summa on yli 100.</p><p>Toisaalta voisimme toteuttaa vastaavasti toimivan silmukan myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"continue-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">continue-komento<a href=\"#continue-komento\" aria-label=\"continue komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code> on toinen tapa vaikuttaa silmukan suoritukseen. Kun silmukan sisällä tulee vastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code>, hyppää suoritus välittömästi silmukan alkuun riville, jossa on silmukan ehto. Tämän jälkeen silmukan suoritus jatkuu normaalisti ehdon tarkastamisella:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 546px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/a0b58/3_3.webp 230w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/bc10c/3_3.webp 460w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/a3666/3_3.webp 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/81c8e/3_3.png 230w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/08a84/3_3.png 460w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png\" alt=\"3 3\" title=\"3 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma laskee summaan mukaan vain luvut, jotka ovat pienempiä kuin 10. Jos luku on 10 tai suurempi, suoritus palaa silmukan alkuun eikä lukua lisätä summaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>7</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>99</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 16</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-silmukat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset silmukat<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-silmukat\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset silmukat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukoita voidaan kirjoittaa toisten silmukoiden sisään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä silmukassa luvun ja tulostaa sen avulla lukujonon toisen silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>3</strong>\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>6</strong>\n6\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>-1</strong></p></Sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kun silmukoita on sisäkkäin, komennot <code class=\"language-text\">break</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code> vaikuttavat vain sisimpään silmukkaan. Esimerkiksi voisimme toteuttaa äskeisen ohjelman vähän eri tavalla myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt jälkimmäinen <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komento keskeyttää vain sisimmän silmukan, joka tulostaa lukuja, jos ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt;= 0</code> pätee.</p><h2 id=\"silmukoiden-apumuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukoiden apumuuttujat<a href=\"#silmukoiden-apumuuttujat\" aria-label=\"silmukoiden apumuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme jo monesti käyttäneet silmukoissa apu- tai indeksimuuttujaa, jonka arvo kasvaa tai laskee jokaisella silmukan lohkon suorituskerralla. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa parilliset luvut käyttäjän haluamaan lukuun asti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">raja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ni <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> raja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>8</strong>\n0\n2\n4\n6</p></sample-output><p>Apumuuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvo on silmukkaan ensimmäistä kertaa mentäessä 0 ja se kasvaa jokaisella silmukan suorituskerralla kahdella.</p><p>Sisäkkäisten silmukoiden tapauksessa on tilanteita, joissa sisempi silmukka tarvitsee oman indeksimuuttujansa. Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän antamaan lukuun perustuvan \"lukupyramidin\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n0 1 2 3 4\n0 1 2 3\n0 1 2\n0 1\n0</p></sample-output><p>Nyt sisemmässä silmukassa on käytössä apumuuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">i</code>, jonka arvo on aina sisempään silmukkaan mentäessä 0. Muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvo kasvaa yhden välein, kunnes se on yhtä suuri kuin muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> nykyinen arvo, joka taas vähenee ulomman silmukan vuoksi kohti nollaa.</p><p>Sisempi silmukka tulostaa apumuuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvot välilyönnillä eroteltuna samalle riville. Kun sisempi silmukka päättyy, tulostetaan aina rivinvaihto komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>.</p><p>Jos et ole täysin varma, että ymmärrät esimerkkikoodin toiminnan, kokeile kopioida koodi Python Tutorin <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattoriin</a> ja tarkastele, mitä ohjelma tulostaa ja miten muuttujien arvot vaihtuvat koodin edetessä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kertotaulut\" tmcname=\"osa03-15b_kertotaulut\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä positiivisen kokonaisluvun. Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkkitulostuksen mukaisesti kertolaskuja lukuun asti:</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: 2\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: 3\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n1 x 3 = 3\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4\n2 x 3 = 6\n3 x 1 = 3\n3 x 2 = 6\n3 x 3 = 9</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sanojen ensimmäiset kirjaimet\" tmcname=\"osa03-16_sanojen_ensimmaiset_kirjaimet\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lauseen. Ohjelma tulostaa jokaisen sanan ensimmäisen kirjaimen ruudulle omille riveilleen.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lause: <strong>Vesihiisi sihisi hississä</strong>\nV\ns\nh</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kertomat\" tmcname=\"osa03-17_kertomat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun. Jos käyttäjä syöttää negatiivisen luvun tai nollan, ohjelman suoritus päättyy. Muuten ohjelma tulostaa luvun kertoman.</p><p>Kertoma lasketaan kertomalla keskenään luku ja kaikki sitä pienemmät positiiviset kokonaisluvut. Esim. luvun 5 kertoma on 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLuvun 3 kertoma on 6\nAnna luku: <strong>4</strong>\nLuvun 4 kertoma on 24\nAnna luku: <strong>-1</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLuvun 1 kertoma on 1\nAnna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Parit ympäri\" tmcname=\"osa03-18_parit_ympari\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa luvut 1:stä käyttäjän antamaan lukuun. 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Muuten ohjelma tulostaa luvun kertoman."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kertoma lasketaan kertomalla keskenään luku ja kaikki sitä pienemmät positiiviset kokonaisluvut. 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Luvut on kuitenkin käännetty pareittain ympäri."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n2\n1\n4\n3\n5"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n2\n1\n4\n3\n6\n5"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Vuorotellen","tmcname":"osa03-19_vuorotellen"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä luvun ja tulostaa sitten lukuja vuorotellen seuraavien esimerkkien mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n5\n2\n4\n3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna luku: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n1\n6\n2\n5\n3\n4"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e2f853d1-544b-55c5-b257-7bc531034d9a"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Ymmärrät milloin <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoa tarvitaan silmukan keskeyttämiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat siirtyä silmukan seuraavalle kierrokselle <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code>-komennolla</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät sisäkkäisen silmukan toiminnan</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"break-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">break-komento<a href=\"#break-komento\" aria-label=\"break komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Aiemmin silmukoiden yhteydessä tutustuttiin <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoon. Komennolla voidaan katkaista silmukan suoritus välittömästi. Tyypillinen esimerkki komennon käytöstä on silmukka, jossa kysytään käyttäjältä syötteitä, ja suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä antaa tietyn syötteen.</p><p>Vastaavaan toiminnallisuuteen päästään myös ilman <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komentoa sopivan ehdon avulla. Alla olevat esimerkit toteuttavat molemmat ohjelman, joka laskee käyttäjän syötteiden summan kunnes käyttäjä syöttää luvun -1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># 1. versio break-komennon avulla</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># 2. versio ilman break-komentoa</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien ohjelmien esimerkkisuoritus voisi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 14</p></sample-output><p>Molemmat versiot ovat toiminnallisuudeltaan siis käytännössä samanlaisia. Ensimmäinen tapa on kuitenkin usein helpompi, koska ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku == -1</code> riittää kirjoittaa vain kerran eikä muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> tarvitse alustaa silmukan ulkopuolella.</p><p>Komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">break</code> voidaan käyttää myös silloin, kun silmukassa on annettu jokin muu ehto kuin pelkkä totuusarvo <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava silmukka jatkuu niin kauan, kuin annettujen lukujen summa on enintään 100. Kuitenkin silmukka katkeaa myös, jos käyttäjä antaa luvun -1.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Mahdollisia suorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>15</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>8</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>21</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 44</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>15</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>8</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>21</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>45</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>17</strong>\nSumma on 106</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisessä tapauksessa silmukka päättyy, koska käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Toisessa tapauksessa silmukka päättyy, koska lukujen summa on yli 100.</p><p>Toisaalta voisimme toteuttaa vastaavasti toimivan silmukan myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> summa <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"continue-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">continue-komento<a href=\"#continue-komento\" aria-label=\"continue komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code> on toinen tapa vaikuttaa silmukan suoritukseen. Kun silmukan sisällä tulee vastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code>, hyppää suoritus välittömästi silmukan alkuun riville, jossa on silmukan ehto. Tämän jälkeen silmukan suoritus jatkuu normaalisti ehdon tarkastamisella:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 546px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 78.69565217391303%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/a0b58/3_3.webp 230w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/bc10c/3_3.webp 460w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/a3666/3_3.webp 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/81c8e/3_3.png 230w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/08a84/3_3.png 460w,\n/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e4c20762d6e18dc80431b1926dfe4222/76aed/3_3.png\" alt=\"3 3\" title=\"3 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma laskee summaan mukaan vain luvut, jotka ovat pienempiä kuin 10. Jos luku on 10 tai suurempi, suoritus palaa silmukan alkuun eikä lukua lisätä summaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> luku\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>7</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>99</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku, -1 lopettaa: <strong>-1</strong>\nSumma on 16</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-silmukat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset silmukat<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-silmukat\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset silmukat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukoita voidaan kirjoittaa toisten silmukoiden sisään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä silmukassa luvun ja tulostaa sen avulla lukujonon toisen silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n4\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>3</strong>\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>6</strong>\n6\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\nAnna luku: <strong>-1</strong></p></Sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kun silmukoita on sisäkkäin, komennot <code class=\"language-text\">break</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">continue</code> vaikuttavat vain sisimpään silmukkaan. Esimerkiksi voisimme toteuttaa äskeisen ohjelman vähän eri tavalla myös näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt jälkimmäinen <code class=\"language-text\">break</code>-komento keskeyttää vain sisimmän silmukan, joka tulostaa lukuja, jos ehto <code class=\"language-text\">luku &lt;= 0</code> pätee.</p><h2 id=\"silmukoiden-apumuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukoiden apumuuttujat<a href=\"#silmukoiden-apumuuttujat\" aria-label=\"silmukoiden apumuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme jo monesti käyttäneet silmukoissa apu- tai indeksimuuttujaa, jonka arvo kasvaa tai laskee jokaisella silmukan lohkon suorituskerralla. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa parilliset luvut käyttäjän haluamaan lukuun asti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">raja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ni <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> raja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>8</strong>\n0\n2\n4\n6</p></sample-output><p>Apumuuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvo on silmukkaan ensimmäistä kertaa mentäessä 0 ja se kasvaa jokaisella silmukan suorituskerralla kahdella.</p><p>Sisäkkäisten silmukoiden tapauksessa on tilanteita, joissa sisempi silmukka tarvitsee oman indeksimuuttujansa. Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa käyttäjän antamaan lukuun perustuvan \"lukupyramidin\":</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n0 1 2 3 4\n0 1 2 3\n0 1 2\n0 1\n0</p></sample-output><p>Nyt sisemmässä silmukassa on käytössä apumuuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">i</code>, jonka arvo on aina sisempään silmukkaan mentäessä 0. Muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvo kasvaa yhden välein, kunnes se on yhtä suuri kuin muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> nykyinen arvo, joka taas vähenee ulomman silmukan vuoksi kohti nollaa.</p><p>Sisempi silmukka tulostaa apumuuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">i</code> arvot välilyönnillä eroteltuna samalle riville. Kun sisempi silmukka päättyy, tulostetaan aina rivinvaihto komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>.</p><p>Jos et ole täysin varma, että ymmärrät esimerkkikoodin toiminnan, kokeile kopioida koodi Python Tutorin <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattoriin</a> ja tarkastele, mitä ohjelma tulostaa ja miten muuttujien arvot vaihtuvat koodin edetessä.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kertotaulut\" tmcname=\"osa03-15b_kertotaulut\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä positiivisen kokonaisluvun. Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkkitulostuksen mukaisesti kertolaskuja lukuun asti:</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: 2\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: 3\n1 x 1 = 1\n1 x 2 = 2\n1 x 3 = 3\n2 x 1 = 2\n2 x 2 = 4\n2 x 3 = 6\n3 x 1 = 3\n3 x 2 = 6\n3 x 3 = 9</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sanojen ensimmäiset kirjaimet\" tmcname=\"osa03-16_sanojen_ensimmaiset_kirjaimet\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lauseen. Ohjelma tulostaa jokaisen sanan ensimmäisen kirjaimen ruudulle omille riveilleen.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lause: <strong>Vesihiisi sihisi hississä</strong>\nV\ns\nh</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Kertomat\" tmcname=\"osa03-17_kertomat\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun. Jos käyttäjä syöttää negatiivisen luvun tai nollan, ohjelman suoritus päättyy. Muuten ohjelma tulostaa luvun kertoman.</p><p>Kertoma lasketaan kertomalla keskenään luku ja kaikki sitä pienemmät positiiviset kokonaisluvut. Esim. luvun 5 kertoma on 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120.</p><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLuvun 3 kertoma on 6\nAnna luku: <strong>4</strong>\nLuvun 4 kertoma on 24\nAnna luku: <strong>-1</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLuvun 1 kertoma on 1\nAnna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nKiitos ja moi!</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Parit ympäri\" tmcname=\"osa03-18_parit_ympari\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa luvut 1:stä käyttäjän antamaan lukuun. Luvut on kuitenkin käännetty pareittain ympäri.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n2\n1\n4\n3\n5</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>6</strong>\n2\n1\n4\n3\n6\n5</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Vuorotellen\" tmcname=\"osa03-19_vuorotellen\"><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä luvun ja tulostaa sitten lukuja vuorotellen seuraavien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>5</strong>\n1\n5\n2\n4\n3</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>6</strong>\n1\n6\n2\n5\n3\n4</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"e2f853d1-544b-55c5-b257-7bc531034d9a\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-3/3-lisaa-silmukoista","title":"Lisää 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_monesti(merkkijono, kertaa)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon sekä kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo, montako kertaa funktion tulee tulostaa parametrina saamansa merkkijono:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_monesti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"hei\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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suo, kuokka ja Python\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nkertaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntulosta_monesti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"merkkijono"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" kertaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"hei\nhei\nhei\nhei\nhei"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Alussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python."}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Risuneliö","tmcname":"osa03-23_risunelio"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"risunelio(pituus)"}]},{"type":"text","value":" joka saa parametriksi kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo kuinka suuri risuneliö funktion pitää tulostaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"risunelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nrisunelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"###\n###\n###\n\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Shakkilauta","tmcname":"osa03-26_shakkilauta"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"shakkilauta"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka tulostaa shakkilaudan numeroista 0 ja 1 alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"shakkilauta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nshakkilauta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"101\n010\n101\n\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Sananeliö","tmcname":"osa03-27_sananelio"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nelio"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka tulostaa sananeliön alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ab\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nnelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"aybabtu\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aba\nbab\naba\n\naybab\ntuayb\nabtua\nybabt\nuayba\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"36e8c4c5-bb71-51ac-85cf-d79b955b41d3"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"c0df9677-2cb5-5ae1-b4b7-275ba5e534aa"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda oman funktion ja kutsua sitä</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mikä on funktion parametri</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää parametreja omissa funktioissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aikaisemmissa osissa on käytetty esimerkiksi funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">len</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> eri tarkoituksiin. Nämä ovat Pythonin sisäänrakennettuja funktioita, mutta voimme myös määritellä omia funktioita.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-maarittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion määrittely<a href=\"#funktion-maarittely\" aria-label=\"funktion maarittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Oma funktio määritellään avainsanalla <code class=\"language-text\">def</code> (lyhenne sanasta define). Funktiolle annetaan jokin <em>nimi</em>, jonka jälkeen on alku- ja loppusulku. Tämän jälkeen annetaan lohkossa funktioon kuuluva koodi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi määrittelee funktion <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos yllä oleva ohjelma suoritetaan, se ei näytä tekevän mitään. Tämä johtuu siitä, että funktion sisältämä koodi suoritetaan vasta silloin, kun funktiota <em>kutsutaan</em>.</p><p>Funktion kutsuminen tapahtuu funktion nimellä. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kutsuu funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on oma funktio!</p></sample-output><p>Samaa funktiota voidaan määrittelyn jälkeen kutsua useita kertoja.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on oma funktio!\nTämä on oma funktio!\nTämä on oma funktio!</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Omien funktioiden testaaminen'><p>Huom! Tästä eteenpäin valtaosassa kurssin tehtäviä pyydetään kirjoittamaan oma funktio (tai funktioita).</p><p>Kun ohjelma koostuu pelkästään funktiosta, ei sen suorittaminen näytä tekevän mitään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma ei tulosta mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">moikkaa</code> sisällä oleva koodi suoritetaan vasta, kun funktiota kutsutaan.</p><p>Funktion alla olevaan \"pääohjelmaan\" kannattaa siis kirjoittaa sopivia funktiokutsuja ohjelman testaamiseksi, esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Pääohjelma on se ohjelman osa, joka ei ole minkään funktion sisällä</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan omaa funktiota</span>\n\nmoikkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Tärkeä huomio</strong>: kurssin tehtävien testit edellyttävät, että funktioita testaava pääohjelma tulee kirjoittaa seuraavasti määriteltyyn <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kirjoita pääohjelma aina seuraavanlaisen lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    moikkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Lohkon ulkopuolelle jätetty testikoodi aiheuttaa seuraavan virheilmoituksen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/7575b/3_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/a0b58/3_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/bc10c/3_4_1.webp 460w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/966d8/3_4_1.webp 920w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/445df/3_4_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/40fa0/3_4_1.webp 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/81c8e/3_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/08a84/3_4_1.png 460w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/c0255/3_4_1.png 920w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/b1001/3_4_1.png 1380w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/7575b/3_4_1.png 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/c0255/3_4_1.png\" alt=\"3 4 1\" title=\"3 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kannattaa myös huomata, että testit eivät suorita <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkon sisälle kirjoitettua koodia eikä sinne tule sijoittaa tehtävien edellyttämää koodia.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Seitsemän veljestä\" tmcname=\"osa03-21_seitseman_veljesta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">seitseman_veljesta</code> jonka kutsuminen tulostaa seitsemän veljeksen nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:</p><sample-output><p>Aapo\nEero\nJuhani\nLauri\nSimeoni\nTimo\nTuomas</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktion-parametri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion parametri<a href=\"#funktion-parametri\" aria-label=\"funktion parametri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein funktiolla on yksi tai useampi <em>parametri</em>, jolla sen toimintaan voi vaikuttaa. Esimerkiksi Pythonin valmiissa funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> parametrin avulla annetaan näytettävä teksti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>                     <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina merkkijono \"Hei!\"</span>\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kerro nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>    <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina merkkijono \"Kerro nimesi: \"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>                       <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina muuttujan nimi arvo</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme määritellä parametreja myös omille funktioillemme. Parametrit määritellään funktion nimen jälkeen olevien sulkujen sisällä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos funktiota kutsutaan kaksi kertaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"maailma!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa se kaksi erilaista tervehdystä:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Emilia\nHei maailma!</p></sample-output><p>Katsotaan funktion määrittelyä vielä tarkemmin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Määrittelimme ensimmäisellä rivillä, että funktion parametri on nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code>. Toisella rivillä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento käyttää parametrissa <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code> olevaa arvoa.</p><p>Kun funktiota kutsutaan, saa parametri <em>funktiokutsussa</em> annettavan arvon. Esimerkiksi kun kutsutaan</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>niin parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code> arvo funktiossa on merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">Antti</code>.</p><p>Funktioiden ja parametrien nimeämistä koskevat samat periaatteet kuin mitä olemme jo aiemmin käsitelleet, eli nimien kannattaa olla kuvaavia ja käytössä ovat ensisijaisesti pienet kirjaimet sekä alaviiva.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ensimmäinen merkki\" tmcname=\"osa03-22_ensimmainen_merkki\"><p>Täydennä koodipohjassa oleva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">ensimmainen</code> siten, että se tulostaa parametrinaan saamansa merkkijonon ensimmäisen merkin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ensimmainen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n     <span class=\"token comment\"># kirjoita koodia tähän</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kokeillaan funktiota:</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'python'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'yhtälö'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'tieto'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'huominen'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'omena'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'nukkumaanmenoaika'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>p\ny\nt\nh\no\nn</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><text-box variant='hint' name='Omien funktioiden testaaminen: parametrit'><p>Kun omassa funktiossa on määritelty yksi tai useampia parametreja, kannattaa funktiota testata usealla erilaisella parametrilla.</p><p>Kannattaa erityisesti miettiä, toimivatko myös \"erikoistapaukset\": mitä funktio esimerkiksi tekee, jos sille annetaan negatiivinen luku tai liukuluku kokonaisluvun sijasta.</p><p>Jos tehtävänannossa ei ole erityisesti käsketty kirjoittamaan tiettyjä funktiokutsuja, voit vapaasti lisätä omia kutsujasi pääohjelmaan ja testit jättävät nämä huomiotta.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-esimerkkeja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää esimerkkejä<a href=\"#lisaa-esimerkkeja\" aria-label=\"lisaa esimerkkeja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Katsotaan vielä pari muuta esimerkkiä parametrien käyttämisestä. Seuraavassa funktiossa parametri on luku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nelio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> neliö on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luvun 2 neliö on 4\nLuvun 5 neliö on 25</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktion sisällä on ehtorakenne:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Heippa, Emilia\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa funktiossa puolestaan on kaksi parametria:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Parametrien </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Parametrien 1 ja 2 summa on 3\nParametrien 5 ja 24 summa on 29</p></sample-output><p>Funktio myös määrittelee \"apumuuttujan\" <em>tulos</em>, mihin se sijoittaa parametriensa summan.</p><p>Huomaa, että parametrien nimillä ei ole mitään tekemistä funktion ulkopuolella olevien muuttujien kanssa. Esimerkiksi jos kutsumme äskeistä funktiota</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>niin tuloksena on:</p><sample-output><p>Parametrien 1 ja 2 summa on 3\nParametrien 130 ja 10 summa on 140</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisessä kutsussa parametrien arvot funktion sisällä ovat <code class=\"language-text\">x = 1</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y = 2</code>, ja toisessa kutsussa arvot ovat <code class=\"language-text\">x = 130</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y = 10</code>.</p><p>Palaamme funktioihin ja parametrien määrittelyyn tarkemmin seuraavan osan alussa.</p><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><h2 id=\"varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: globaalin muuttujan käyttö funktion sisällä<a href=\"#varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" aria-label=\"varoitus globaalin muuttujan kaytto funktion sisalla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia. Kannattaa myös huomata se, että funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella eli pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globaalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalin muuttujan arvo</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei Emilia\nHei Emilia</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa olevan nimen <em>Emilia</em>.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Keskiarvo\" tmcname=\"osa03-25_keskiarvo\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka saa parametrina kolme kokonaislukua. Funktio tulostaa parametriensa keskiarvon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3.0\n4.0</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Monta tulostusta\" tmcname=\"osa03-24_monta_tulostusta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_monesti(merkkijono, kertaa)</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon sekä kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo, montako kertaa funktion tulee tulostaa parametrina saamansa merkkijono:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmerkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Alussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python\"</span>\nkertaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kertaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>hei\nhei\nhei\nhei\nhei</p><p>Alussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuneliö\" tmcname=\"osa03-23_risunelio\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risunelio(pituus)</code> joka saa parametriksi kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo kuinka suuri risuneliö funktion pitää tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n###\n###\n###\n\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Shakkilauta\" tmcname=\"osa03-26_shakkilauta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">shakkilauta</code>, joka tulostaa shakkilaudan numeroista 0 ja 1 alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">shakkilauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nshakkilauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n101\n010\n101\n\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sananeliö\" tmcname=\"osa03-27_sananelio\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio</code>, joka tulostaa sananeliön alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ab\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"aybabtu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\naba\nbab\naba\n\naybab\ntuayb\nabtua\nybabt\nuayba\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"36e8c4c5-bb71-51ac-85cf-d79b955b41d3\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"c0df9677-2cb5-5ae1-b4b7-275ba5e534aa\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-3/4-omat-funktiot","title":"Omat funktiot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-3/4-omat-funktiot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"shakkilauta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nshakkilauta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"101\n010\n101\n\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"in-browser-programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Sananeliö","tmcname":"osa03-27_sananelio"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nelio"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka tulostaa sananeliön alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ab\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nnelio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"aybabtu\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"aba\nbab\naba\n\naybab\ntuayb\nabtua\nybabt\nuayba\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"36e8c4c5-bb71-51ac-85cf-d79b955b41d3"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"c0df9677-2cb5-5ae1-b4b7-275ba5e534aa"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda oman funktion ja kutsua sitä</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mikä on funktion parametri</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää parametreja omissa funktioissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aikaisemmissa osissa on käytetty esimerkiksi funktioita <code class=\"language-text\">len</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> eri tarkoituksiin. Nämä ovat Pythonin sisäänrakennettuja funktioita, mutta voimme myös määritellä omia funktioita.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-maarittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion määrittely<a href=\"#funktion-maarittely\" aria-label=\"funktion maarittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Oma funktio määritellään avainsanalla <code class=\"language-text\">def</code> (lyhenne sanasta define). Funktiolle annetaan jokin <em>nimi</em>, jonka jälkeen on alku- ja loppusulku. Tämän jälkeen annetaan lohkossa funktioon kuuluva koodi.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi määrittelee funktion <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos yllä oleva ohjelma suoritetaan, se ei näytä tekevän mitään. Tämä johtuu siitä, että funktion sisältämä koodi suoritetaan vasta silloin, kun funktiota <em>kutsutaan</em>.</p><p>Funktion kutsuminen tapahtuu funktion nimellä. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kutsuu funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on oma funktio!</p></sample-output><p>Samaa funktiota voidaan määrittelyn jälkeen kutsua useita kertoja.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on oma funktio!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on oma funktio!\nTämä on oma funktio!\nTämä on oma funktio!</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Omien funktioiden testaaminen'><p>Huom! Tästä eteenpäin valtaosassa kurssin tehtäviä pyydetään kirjoittamaan oma funktio (tai funktioita).</p><p>Kun ohjelma koostuu pelkästään funktiosta, ei sen suorittaminen näytä tekevän mitään. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma ei tulosta mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktion <code class=\"language-text\">moikkaa</code> sisällä oleva koodi suoritetaan vasta, kun funktiota kutsutaan.</p><p>Funktion alla olevaan \"pääohjelmaan\" kannattaa siis kirjoittaa sopivia funktiokutsuja ohjelman testaamiseksi, esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Pääohjelma on se ohjelman osa, joka ei ole minkään funktion sisällä</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan omaa funktiota</span>\n\nmoikkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Tärkeä huomio</strong>: kurssin tehtävien testit edellyttävät, että funktioita testaava pääohjelma tulee kirjoittaa seuraavasti määriteltyyn <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">moikkaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kirjoita pääohjelma aina seuraavanlaisen lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    moikkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Lohkon ulkopuolelle jätetty testikoodi aiheuttaa seuraavan virheilmoituksen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/7575b/3_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/a0b58/3_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/bc10c/3_4_1.webp 460w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/966d8/3_4_1.webp 920w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/445df/3_4_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/40fa0/3_4_1.webp 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/81c8e/3_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/08a84/3_4_1.png 460w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/c0255/3_4_1.png 920w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/b1001/3_4_1.png 1380w,\n/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/7575b/3_4_1.png 1608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/198bfb36dc5d02ba030280b89c26ecee/c0255/3_4_1.png\" alt=\"3 4 1\" title=\"3 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kannattaa myös huomata, että testit eivät suorita <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkon sisälle kirjoitettua koodia eikä sinne tule sijoittaa tehtävien edellyttämää koodia.</p></text-box><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Seitsemän veljestä\" tmcname=\"osa03-21_seitseman_veljesta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">seitseman_veljesta</code> jonka kutsuminen tulostaa seitsemän veljeksen nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:</p><sample-output><p>Aapo\nEero\nJuhani\nLauri\nSimeoni\nTimo\nTuomas</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktion-parametri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion parametri<a href=\"#funktion-parametri\" aria-label=\"funktion parametri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein funktiolla on yksi tai useampi <em>parametri</em>, jolla sen toimintaan voi vaikuttaa. Esimerkiksi Pythonin valmiissa funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> parametrin avulla annetaan näytettävä teksti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>                     <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina merkkijono \"Hei!\"</span>\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kerro nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>    <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina merkkijono \"Kerro nimesi: \"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>                       <span class=\"token comment\"># parametrina muuttujan nimi arvo</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme määritellä parametreja myös omille funktioillemme. Parametrit määritellään funktion nimen jälkeen olevien sulkujen sisällä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos funktiota kutsutaan kaksi kertaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"maailma!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostaa se kaksi erilaista tervehdystä:</p><sample-output><p>Hei Emilia\nHei maailma!</p></sample-output><p>Katsotaan funktion määrittelyä vielä tarkemmin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kohde<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Määrittelimme ensimmäisellä rivillä, että funktion parametri on nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code>. Toisella rivillä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento käyttää parametrissa <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code> olevaa arvoa.</p><p>Kun funktiota kutsutaan, saa parametri <em>funktiokutsussa</em> annettavan arvon. Esimerkiksi kun kutsutaan</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>niin parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">kohde</code> arvo funktiossa on merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">Antti</code>.</p><p>Funktioiden ja parametrien nimeämistä koskevat samat periaatteet kuin mitä olemme jo aiemmin käsitelleet, eli nimien kannattaa olla kuvaavia ja käytössä ovat ensisijaisesti pienet kirjaimet sekä alaviiva.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Ensimmäinen merkki\" tmcname=\"osa03-22_ensimmainen_merkki\"><p>Täydennä koodipohjassa oleva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">ensimmainen</code> siten, että se tulostaa parametrinaan saamansa merkkijonon ensimmäisen merkin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ensimmainen</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n     <span class=\"token comment\"># kirjoita koodia tähän</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kokeillaan funktiota:</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'python'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'yhtälö'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'tieto'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'huominen'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'omena'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ensimmainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'nukkumaanmenoaika'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>p\ny\nt\nh\no\nn</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><text-box variant='hint' name='Omien funktioiden testaaminen: parametrit'><p>Kun omassa funktiossa on määritelty yksi tai useampia parametreja, kannattaa funktiota testata usealla erilaisella parametrilla.</p><p>Kannattaa erityisesti miettiä, toimivatko myös \"erikoistapaukset\": mitä funktio esimerkiksi tekee, jos sille annetaan negatiivinen luku tai liukuluku kokonaisluvun sijasta.</p><p>Jos tehtävänannossa ei ole erityisesti käsketty kirjoittamaan tiettyjä funktiokutsuja, voit vapaasti lisätä omia kutsujasi pääohjelmaan ja testit jättävät nämä huomiotta.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-esimerkkeja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää esimerkkejä<a href=\"#lisaa-esimerkkeja\" aria-label=\"lisaa esimerkkeja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Katsotaan vielä pari muuta esimerkkiä parametrien käyttämisestä. Seuraavassa funktiossa parametri on luku:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nelio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> neliö on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luvun 2 neliö on 4\nLuvun 5 neliö on 25</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktion sisällä on ehtorakenne:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Heippa,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Heippa, Emilia\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa funktiossa puolestaan on kaksi parametria:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Parametrien </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> summa on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Parametrien 1 ja 2 summa on 3\nParametrien 5 ja 24 summa on 29</p></sample-output><p>Funktio myös määrittelee \"apumuuttujan\" <em>tulos</em>, mihin se sijoittaa parametriensa summan.</p><p>Huomaa, että parametrien nimillä ei ole mitään tekemistä funktion ulkopuolella olevien muuttujien kanssa. Esimerkiksi jos kutsumme äskeistä funktiota</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span>\ny <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>niin tuloksena on:</p><sample-output><p>Parametrien 1 ja 2 summa on 3\nParametrien 130 ja 10 summa on 140</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisessä kutsussa parametrien arvot funktion sisällä ovat <code class=\"language-text\">x = 1</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y = 2</code>, ja toisessa kutsussa arvot ovat <code class=\"language-text\">x = 130</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">y = 10</code>.</p><p>Palaamme funktioihin ja parametrien määrittelyyn tarkemmin seuraavan osan alussa.</p><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><h2 id=\"varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: globaalin muuttujan käyttö funktion sisällä<a href=\"#varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" aria-label=\"varoitus globaalin muuttujan kaytto funktion sisalla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia. Kannattaa myös huomata se, että funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella eli pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globaalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalin muuttujan arvo</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei Emilia\nHei Emilia</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa olevan nimen <em>Emilia</em>.</p><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Keskiarvo\" tmcname=\"osa03-25_keskiarvo\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka saa parametrina kolme kokonaislukua. Funktio tulostaa parametriensa keskiarvon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3.0\n4.0</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Monta tulostusta\" tmcname=\"osa03-24_monta_tulostusta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_monesti(merkkijono, kertaa)</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon sekä kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo, montako kertaa funktion tulee tulostaa parametrina saamansa merkkijono:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmerkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Alussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python\"</span>\nkertaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kertaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>hei\nhei\nhei\nhei\nhei</p><p>Alussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.\nAlussa olivat suo, kuokka ja Python.</p></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Risuneliö\" tmcname=\"osa03-23_risunelio\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risunelio(pituus)</code> joka saa parametriksi kokonaisluvun, joka kertoo kuinka suuri risuneliö funktion pitää tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n###\n###\n###\n\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Shakkilauta\" tmcname=\"osa03-26_shakkilauta\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">shakkilauta</code>, joka tulostaa shakkilaudan numeroista 0 ja 1 alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">shakkilauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nshakkilauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n101\n010\n101\n\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n101010\n010101\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><in-browser-programming-exercise name=\"Sananeliö\" tmcname=\"osa03-27_sananelio\"><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio</code>, joka tulostaa sananeliön alla olevien esimerkkien mukaisesti.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ab\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"aybabtu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\naba\nbab\naba\n\naybab\ntuayb\nabtua\nybabt\nuayba\n</pre></sample-output></in-browser-programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"36e8c4c5-bb71-51ac-85cf-d79b955b41d3\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"c0df9677-2cb5-5ae1-b4b7-275ba5e534aa\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-3/4-omat-funktiot","title":"Omat funktiot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-3/4-omat-funktiot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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Koodia voidaan suorittaa rivi riviltä painelemalla alaspäin osoittavaa nuolta ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Step into"}]},{"type":"text","value":")."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa tilanteessa silmukkaa on suoritettu muutamia kertoja:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 51.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/a0b58/4_1_8.webp 230w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/bc10c/4_1_8.webp 460w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/966d8/4_1_8.webp 920w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/445df/4_1_8.webp 1380w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/78de1/4_1_8.webp 1840w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/75f48/4_1_8.webp 1992w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/81c8e/4_1_8.png 230w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/08a84/4_1_8.png 460w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png 920w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/b1001/4_1_8.png 1380w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/161ec/4_1_8.png 1840w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png 1992w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png","alt":"4 1 8","title":"4 1 8","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Debuggerin välilehti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Debug console"}]},{"type":"text","value":" mahdollistaa myös lausekkeiden arvojen näyttämisen debuggaushetken muuttujien arvoilla. Voidaan esimerkiksi kokeilla, mikä silmukan lopetusehdon arvo on:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/a0b58/4_1_9.webp 230w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/bc10c/4_1_9.webp 460w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/966d8/4_1_9.webp 920w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/445df/4_1_9.webp 1380w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/78de1/4_1_9.webp 1840w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb61f/4_1_9.webp 1936w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/81c8e/4_1_9.png 230w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/08a84/4_1_9.png 460w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png 920w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/b1001/4_1_9.png 1380w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/161ec/4_1_9.png 1840w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png 1936w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png","alt":"4 1 9","title":"4 1 9","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Continue"}]},{"type":"text","value":") ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa."}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää Visual studio Code -editoria kurssin tehtävien tekemiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat suorittaa koodia interaktiivisen Python-tulkin avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän mennessä ohjelmoineet kaikki tehtävät kurssisivuille upotettuihin editori-ikkunoihin. Selaineditorissa tapahtuva ohjelmointi sopii hyvin kurssin alkuun, mutta siirrymme nyt käyttämään erillistä ohjelmointiin tarkoitettua editoria.</p><p>Erilaisia ohjelmointiin sopivia editoreja on kymmeniä. Käytämme kurssilla viime vuosina suureen suosioon noussutta <a href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visual Studio Code</a> -editoria.</p><p>Asenna nyt Visual Studio Code ja kurssin tehtävien testien suorittamiseen käytettävä TMC-plugin <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tämän ohjeen</a> avulla. Valitse TMC-pluginissa organisaatioksi <strong>MOOC</strong> ja kurssiksi <strong>Ohjelmoinnin MOOC 2023</strong>.</p><programming-exercise name='Hello Visual Studio Code' tmcname='osa04-01_hello_visualstudio_code'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä, mikä editori on käytössä. Ohjelma jatkaa, kunnes vastaus on <em>Visual Studio Code</em>.</p><p>Seuraava käyttöesimerkki havainnollistaa ohjelman haluttua tulostusta:</p><sample-output><p>Editori: <strong>Emacs</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Vim</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Word</strong>\nsurkea\nEditori: <strong>Atom</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Visual Studio Code</strong>\nloistava valinta!</p></sample-output><p>Jos käyttäjä kirjoittaa Word tai Notepad, ohjelma vastaa <em>surkea</em>. Muissa epäkelvoissa tapauksissa vastaus on <em>ei ole hyvä</em>.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia siten, että \"oikean vastauksen\" kirjoitusasu ei riipu siitä, kirjoitetaanko vastaus isoja vai pieniä kirjaimia käyttämällä:</p><sample-output><p>Editori: <strong>NOTEPAD</strong>\nsurkea\nEditori: <strong>viSUal STudiO cODe</strong>\nloistava valinta!</p></sample-output><p>Kirjainten koon voi jättää huomiotta esim. muuttamalla kirjaimet pieniksi merkkijonojen metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">lower</code>, jota voi käyttää seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Visual Studio CODE\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"visual studio code\"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lower<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkkijono oli etsitty!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"koodin-suorittaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Koodin suorittaminen<a href=\"#koodin-suorittaminen\" aria-label=\"koodin suorittaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Visual Studio Codessa koodi suoritetaan painamalla vihreää kolmiota. Joskus koodisi suoritus voi jäädä kesken, esimerkiksi odottamaan käyttäjän syötettä tai ikuiseen silmukkaan, vaikka siirryt jo seuraavaan tehtävään. Kun yrität suorittaa seuraavan tehtävän koodia, esille tuleekin edellisen tehtävän kesken ollut suoritus. Näissä tilanteissa voit joutua sammuttamaan edellisen suorituksen painamalla yhtä aikaa näppäimiä <em>Control</em>+<em>C</em>, jotta saat suoritetuksi uuden tehtävän koodin.</p><h2 id=\"interaktiivinen-python-tulkki\" style=\"position:relative;\">Interaktiivinen Python-tulkki<a href=\"#interaktiivinen-python-tulkki\" aria-label=\"interaktiivinen python tulkki permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Emme ole toistaiseksi puhuneet kurssilla sanallakaan eräästä Python-ohjelmoinnin tärkeimmästä työkalusta, interaktiivisesta komentotulkista.</p><p>Komentotulkki käynnistyy antamalla komentoriviltä komento <code class=\"language-text\">python3</code> (joissain tapauksissa, esim. Windowsilla, komento saattaa olla <code class=\"language-text\">python</code>). Esim. Macilla komentotulkin avaaminen näyttää seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/0f246/4_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 17.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAArUlEQVQI13XLywqDMBCFYd//tbroMhiYZFppBG/YJAQTN+o4sVS77bc6HPiL2/Pe1E3ftc8HlmWJiFprKWVVVQAgpUT8/gCglBJCGGPatm1ORV2Zruve49s5F2O01nrvnXMppb7vQwjHfwU+cBxHRBRCAIB5GaUUIg7DoLUGgJRSjDGEME2T995aO8/zLyainDMzExEzH8ex7zsz55yvvW0bEW2ndV2XZSGiK/4AItbceE5Q2z8AAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/a0b58/4_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/bc10c/4_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/966d8/4_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/34186/4_1_1.webp 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/81c8e/4_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/08a84/4_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/c0255/4_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/0f246/4_1_1.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/c0255/4_1_1.png\" alt=\"4 1 1\" title=\"4 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komentotulkki on myös mahdollista avata Visual Studio Coden sisälle, ensin suorittamalla jokin ohjelma \"vihreällä kolmiolla\" ja sen jälkeen kirjoittamalla avautuvaan <em>Terminal</em>-näkymään <code class=\"language-text\">python3</code> (tai <code class=\"language-text\">python</code>)</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/e431d/4_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 49.130434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAKCAIAAAA7N+mxAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABF0lEQVQoz52RWW7DIBCGuUcLw2I2Ox42O7hZrtCXqve/SgVOokh5aNVPCM32s8wQjDHFlHIOIRhjnfP78r7ttgVuEWedMuZo58mNNak4e+JHnxYsBXPBcfbaaGOsbSKntZZqMM4111qplGfySyYL4h2AASeUUiG4EJxzAAD6BOs8uwr4G6MUGPQU6Wl2K/wNym4y9hD/GwIAfyyFO7vdxLajtUbEaZqsMcZZLsUDKSXnfBzHdV0Ph8M8z62kt5PUWtd1RcRSSs4ZQ9hy+UjLmkuKMYSwx2OMy7KkNtOcOqUUcr1eL5dLrXXbtvPpVOrxO54/h4jSDEoJIeD+yNdfkG3bEHE/MvarQgiD1koPzjml1GNmrw37AVG5Vxy3ozSFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/a0b58/4_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/bc10c/4_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/966d8/4_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/445df/4_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/78de1/4_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/609ff/4_1_2.webp 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/81c8e/4_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/08a84/4_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/c0255/4_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/b1001/4_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/161ec/4_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/e431d/4_1_2.png 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/c0255/4_1_2.png\" alt=\"4 1 2\" title=\"4 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>On olemassa myös selaimessa toimivia interaktiivisia tulkkeja, kuten <a href=\"https://www.python.org/shell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.python.org/shell/</a>.</p><p>Komentotulkki tarjoaa interaktiivisen tavan suorittaa Python-koodia rivi riviltä sitä mukaa kuin käyttäjä kirjoittaa koodia. Ideana on, että kun käyttäjä kirjoittaa rivin koodia, Python suorittaa rivin välittömästi ja näyttää rivin operaation tuloksen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/0f246/4_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 19.565217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAkElEQVQI143LwQqDMAwAUP//53qQRq0zKmJALe0wB3HRZtDtOti7v6Kua0QchmEcRwCoqso5BwDOub7vjTFEpKoi8srO8xQRzYppmh4ZESHiuq7HcXjvY4zMHELw3jPzM4sxLsvCzN88z3PTNGVZtm2773tKSUTu+9Y/FETUdZ21FgAQcdu2kF3Xparph09+Az024L8JLoKAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/a0b58/4_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/bc10c/4_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/966d8/4_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/34186/4_1_3.webp 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/81c8e/4_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/08a84/4_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/c0255/4_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/0f246/4_1_3.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/c0255/4_1_3.png\" alt=\"4 1 3\" title=\"4 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komentotulkkiin on mahdollista kirjoittaa mitä tahansa Pythonia, muuttujien ja metodienkin määrittely on mahdollista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> t <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">itseisarvo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>      luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>luku\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nTraceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  File <span class=\"token string\">\"&lt;stdin>\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> line <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>module<span class=\"token operator\">></span>\nNameError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> name <span class=\"token string\">'luku'</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> defined\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Parhaimmillaan komentotulkki on pienten tarkistusten tekemiseen, esim. miten tietty metodi toimii tai onko metodia ylipäätään olemassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TekstIä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>toupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nTraceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  File <span class=\"token string\">\"&lt;stdin>\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> line <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>module<span class=\"token operator\">></span>\nAttributeError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'str'</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">object</span> has no attribute <span class=\"token string\">'toupper'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TekstIä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'TEKSTIÄ'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Jos muistaa melkein jonkin metodin nimen, googlaamisen sijaan voi olla nopeampi käyttää komentotulkkia ja kysyä funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">dir</code>, mitä metodeja tietyllä oliolla on:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"teksti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'__add__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__class__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__contains__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__dir__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__doc__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__eq__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__format__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ge__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getattribute__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getnewargs__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__gt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__hash__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init_subclass__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__iter__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__le__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__len__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__lt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__mod__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__mul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ne__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__new__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce_ex__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__repr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__rmod__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__rmul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__sizeof__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__str__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__subclasshook__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'capitalize'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'casefold'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'center'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'count'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'encode'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'endswith'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'expandtabs'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'find'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'format'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'format_map'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'index'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isalnum'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isalpha'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isascii'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isdecimal'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isdigit'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'isidentifier'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'islower'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isnumeric'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isprintable'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isspace'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'istitle'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isupper'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'join'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'ljust'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'lower'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'lstrip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'maketrans'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'partition'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'replace'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rfind'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rindex'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rjust'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">'rpartition'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rsplit'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rstrip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'split'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'splitlines'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'startswith'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'strip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'swapcase'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'title'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'translate'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'upper'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'zfill'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten näemme, merkkijonoilla on suuri määrä metodeja. Kurssin tässä vaiheessa ei kannata välittää alaviivoja sisältävistä metodeista, mutta muut voivat olla käyttökelpoisia. Osa metodien toiminnasta voi selvitä kokeilemalla, osan toiminta selviää googlaamalla.</p><p>Listojen metodeista käy ilmi seuraavaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'__add__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__class__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__contains__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__dir__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__doc__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__eq__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__format__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ge__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getattribute__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__gt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__hash__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__iadd__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__imul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init_subclass__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__iter__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__le__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__len__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__lt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__mul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ne__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__new__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce_ex__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__repr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__reversed__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__rmul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__sizeof__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__str__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__subclasshook__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'append'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'clear'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'copy'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'count'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'extend'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'index'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'insert'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'pop'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'remove'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'reverse'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'sort'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Tarjolla näyttää siis olevan mm. metodit <code class=\"language-text\">reverse</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">clear</code>. Kokeillaan niitä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reverse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>clear<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodit siis tekevät aika lailla sen, mitä nimen perusteella voi olettaa.</p><p>Huomaa, että komentotulkki ei näytä mitään tulosta, kun kutsutaan esim. metodia <code class=\"language-text\">lista.reverse()</code>. Mistä tämä johtuu? Komentotulkki tekee komentojen suorituksen yhteydessä tulostuksen vain, jos suoritetulla koodirivillä on jokin arvo. Edellisessä esimerkissä saatiin tulostettua listan <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> arvo kirjoittamalla komentotulkkiin pelkkä muuttujan nimi. Komentotulkissa ei siis useinkaan ole tarvetta kirjottaa erikseen <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoja.</p><p>Tärkeä komento on <code class=\"language-text\">exit()</code>, joka sulkee komentotulkin. Erityisesti jos käytät komentotulkkia Visual Studio Codessa, se tulee muistaa sulkea, ennen kuin suoritat jonkin ohjelman uudelleen \"vihreällä kolmiolla\". Jos tämä unohtuu, on seurauksena hieman erikoinen virheilmoitus:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966ce/4_1_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 28.695652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA7klEQVQY023G0W6EIBCFYd9jBQZQgWEERdx1FTdbTd//lZqYthdNT76T/FXOkyMa0phzTikhekRy1nXGInrvyVqrlP4DVBNJVwbtOA8u9tA2QggAkFJKgO+4kv+MMc6uc8YAZKV0E4YQxwRaMyFqzm91fWOXK2rGfoGSoJSQwEEwwatnTFtM52MtcVrD+KA4O8rWz67PjiaDFz9Znwy+0v2dl1ea15BWjNVxnp/HeX4ceynPZdme615KWbfXvpdtC9QTInnfe+o92c5YYwjRIS4uVHcfHxgWGobGRt1FbaI2wyXqLsj2H6oj1S7KfgH1/DpLnHkC8gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/a0b58/4_1_4.webp 230w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/bc10c/4_1_4.webp 460w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966d8/4_1_4.webp 920w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/445df/4_1_4.webp 1380w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/78de1/4_1_4.webp 1840w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/df82e/4_1_4.webp 2050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/81c8e/4_1_4.png 230w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/08a84/4_1_4.png 460w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/c0255/4_1_4.png 920w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/b1001/4_1_4.png 1380w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/161ec/4_1_4.png 1840w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966ce/4_1_4.png 2050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/c0255/4_1_4.png\" alt=\"4 1 4\" title=\"4 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"debuggeri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debuggeri<a href=\"#debuggeri\" aria-label=\"debuggeri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muutamassa edellisessä osassa on jo korostettu debuggaustaitojen tärkeyttä ja demonstroitu tulostamalla tapahtuvaa debuggausta. Visual Studio Code sisältää debuggausta varten <em>visuaalisen debuggerin</em>.</p><p>Debuggaus aloitetaan määrittelemällä koodiin <em>breakpoint</em> eli kohta, johon debuggeri pysäyttää koodin suorituksen. Breakpoint asetetaan klikkaamalla hiirellä halutun koodirivin vasemmalta puolelta.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä breakpoint on asetettu <a href=\"/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa\">edellisen osan</a> tehtävän <em>Peräkkäisten summa</em> hieman virheellisen ratkaisun riville 5:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/6e29b/4_1_5.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 39.130434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAICAIAAAB2/0i6AAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAv0lEQVQY042NW66DMAwFWQiO47wdY7glJEXd/8Iq+nelVmJ0/o5GM6WUZN3O8zyOo/euuubCXEVk0UVFFpGFuX7dpLrlwr33R2vtHM/R/oRrrarKzKWUlBIAmG9MsqwAUHLWbQUENEAWLV7fPM8A8y/zkpPzAbGyvJ6vozWugmjxHlMM0dEV2x/7GCPmQuSN+Vn7V/YhOu+ttTnmMUZlRgAD9+QQovc+xhBT3PemqvnDXdkYJLJEZD+Qc0R0R34DaJdB2A9pXSUAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/a0b58/4_1_5.webp 230w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/bc10c/4_1_5.webp 460w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/966d8/4_1_5.webp 920w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/445df/4_1_5.webp 1380w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/a9e74/4_1_5.webp 1610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/81c8e/4_1_5.png 230w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/08a84/4_1_5.png 460w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/c0255/4_1_5.png 920w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/b1001/4_1_5.png 1380w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/6e29b/4_1_5.png 1610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/c0255/4_1_5.png\" alt=\"4 1 5\" title=\"4 1 5\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Breakpointin asetuksen jälkeen valitaan valikosta <em>Run</em> kohta <em>Start debugging</em>. Tämä avaa valintanäkymän, josta valitaan <em>Python File</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/adef7/4_1_6.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 36.52173913043478%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA/klEQVQY043PyW6DMBSFYT9HEyZPYBsINpMxeGjSpqCmUt//aaoIRUpX7a9vec/igrxgSspgFzebYJdz8NvH9XNbb9v6/XVb398uwbvZWDO52aim4ZwLIUQpyroCVVnjUsmwnexVTBfSWdq7fPC4tVAtmVwyOaPW3nUuwiw6HqJHQHBR1Kp/3U7mzAcrRi9GX2kP6+FQNLuXfCePkCRJnDwCKINS8ODcYiajR933Y9fpYagFpxjlBD+DaZo8BSDEZVVZ67quH7WWbdtIJVVbMH6/J7+kaRY/BTAmCCFKKUKYMQ4hiuN4fyn+K0AITdMMoYxQUjBGKS0YRxj/Z/wD++1E6Al0/nYAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/a0b58/4_1_6.webp 230w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/bc10c/4_1_6.webp 460w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/966d8/4_1_6.webp 920w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/445df/4_1_6.webp 1380w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/211fa/4_1_6.webp 1716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/81c8e/4_1_6.png 230w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/08a84/4_1_6.png 460w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/c0255/4_1_6.png 920w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/b1001/4_1_6.png 1380w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/adef7/4_1_6.png 1716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/c0255/4_1_6.png\" alt=\"4 1 6\" title=\"4 1 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Debuggeri käynnistyy ja alkaa suorittaa koodia normaaliin tapaan, kunnes se törmää breakpointiin ja pysähtyy:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/3145a/4_1_7.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 46.95652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/a0b58/4_1_7.webp 230w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/bc10c/4_1_7.webp 460w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/966d8/4_1_7.webp 920w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/445df/4_1_7.webp 1380w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/78de1/4_1_7.webp 1840w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/407bd/4_1_7.webp 2112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/81c8e/4_1_7.png 230w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/08a84/4_1_7.png 460w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/c0255/4_1_7.png 920w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/b1001/4_1_7.png 1380w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/161ec/4_1_7.png 1840w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/3145a/4_1_7.png 2112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/c0255/4_1_7.png\" alt=\"4 1 7\" title=\"4 1 7\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Vasempaan reunaan on avautunut näkymä <em>Variables</em>, joka kertoo senhetkisten muuttujien arvot. Koodia voidaan suorittaa rivi riviltä painelemalla alaspäin osoittavaa nuolta (<em>Step into</em>).</p><p>Seuraavassa tilanteessa silmukkaa on suoritettu muutamia kertoja:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 51.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/a0b58/4_1_8.webp 230w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/bc10c/4_1_8.webp 460w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/966d8/4_1_8.webp 920w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/445df/4_1_8.webp 1380w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/78de1/4_1_8.webp 1840w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/75f48/4_1_8.webp 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/81c8e/4_1_8.png 230w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/08a84/4_1_8.png 460w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png 920w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/b1001/4_1_8.png 1380w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/161ec/4_1_8.png 1840w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png\" alt=\"4 1 8\" title=\"4 1 8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Debuggerin välilehti <em>Debug console</em> mahdollistaa myös lausekkeiden arvojen näyttämisen debuggaushetken muuttujien arvoilla. Voidaan esimerkiksi kokeilla, mikä silmukan lopetusehdon arvo on:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/a0b58/4_1_9.webp 230w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/bc10c/4_1_9.webp 460w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/966d8/4_1_9.webp 920w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/445df/4_1_9.webp 1380w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/78de1/4_1_9.webp 1840w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb61f/4_1_9.webp 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/81c8e/4_1_9.png 230w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/08a84/4_1_9.png 460w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png 920w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/b1001/4_1_9.png 1380w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/161ec/4_1_9.png 1840w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png\" alt=\"4 1 9\" title=\"4 1 9\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla (<em>Continue</em>) ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin.</p><p>Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa.</p></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/1-vscode","title":"Visual Studio Code -editori, Python-tulkki ja debuggeri"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/1-vscode.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Koodia voidaan suorittaa rivi riviltä painelemalla alaspäin osoittavaa nuolta ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Step into"}]},{"type":"text","value":")."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa tilanteessa silmukkaa on suoritettu muutamia kertoja:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 51.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/a0b58/4_1_8.webp 230w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/bc10c/4_1_8.webp 460w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/966d8/4_1_8.webp 920w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/445df/4_1_8.webp 1380w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/78de1/4_1_8.webp 1840w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/75f48/4_1_8.webp 1992w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/81c8e/4_1_8.png 230w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/08a84/4_1_8.png 460w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png 920w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/b1001/4_1_8.png 1380w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/161ec/4_1_8.png 1840w","/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png 1992w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png","alt":"4 1 8","title":"4 1 8","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Debuggerin välilehti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Debug console"}]},{"type":"text","value":" mahdollistaa myös lausekkeiden arvojen näyttämisen debuggaushetken muuttujien arvoilla. Voidaan esimerkiksi kokeilla, mikä silmukan lopetusehdon arvo on:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/a0b58/4_1_9.webp 230w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/bc10c/4_1_9.webp 460w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/966d8/4_1_9.webp 920w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/445df/4_1_9.webp 1380w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/78de1/4_1_9.webp 1840w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb61f/4_1_9.webp 1936w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/81c8e/4_1_9.png 230w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/08a84/4_1_9.png 460w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png 920w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/b1001/4_1_9.png 1380w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/161ec/4_1_9.png 1840w","/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png 1936w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png","alt":"4 1 9","title":"4 1 9","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla ("},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Continue"}]},{"type":"text","value":") ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa."}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää Visual studio Code -editoria kurssin tehtävien tekemiseen</li>\n<li>Osaat suorittaa koodia interaktiivisen Python-tulkin avulla</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän mennessä ohjelmoineet kaikki tehtävät kurssisivuille upotettuihin editori-ikkunoihin. Selaineditorissa tapahtuva ohjelmointi sopii hyvin kurssin alkuun, mutta siirrymme nyt käyttämään erillistä ohjelmointiin tarkoitettua editoria.</p><p>Erilaisia ohjelmointiin sopivia editoreja on kymmeniä. Käytämme kurssilla viime vuosina suureen suosioon noussutta <a href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visual Studio Code</a> -editoria.</p><p>Asenna nyt Visual Studio Code ja kurssin tehtävien testien suorittamiseen käytettävä TMC-plugin <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tämän ohjeen</a> avulla. Valitse TMC-pluginissa organisaatioksi <strong>MOOC</strong> ja kurssiksi <strong>Ohjelmoinnin MOOC 2023</strong>.</p><programming-exercise name='Hello Visual Studio Code' tmcname='osa04-01_hello_visualstudio_code'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä, mikä editori on käytössä. Ohjelma jatkaa, kunnes vastaus on <em>Visual Studio Code</em>.</p><p>Seuraava käyttöesimerkki havainnollistaa ohjelman haluttua tulostusta:</p><sample-output><p>Editori: <strong>Emacs</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Vim</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Word</strong>\nsurkea\nEditori: <strong>Atom</strong>\nei ole hyvä\nEditori: <strong>Visual Studio Code</strong>\nloistava valinta!</p></sample-output><p>Jos käyttäjä kirjoittaa Word tai Notepad, ohjelma vastaa <em>surkea</em>. Muissa epäkelvoissa tapauksissa vastaus on <em>ei ole hyvä</em>.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia siten, että \"oikean vastauksen\" kirjoitusasu ei riipu siitä, kirjoitetaanko vastaus isoja vai pieniä kirjaimia käyttämällä:</p><sample-output><p>Editori: <strong>NOTEPAD</strong>\nsurkea\nEditori: <strong>viSUal STudiO cODe</strong>\nloistava valinta!</p></sample-output><p>Kirjainten koon voi jättää huomiotta esim. muuttamalla kirjaimet pieniksi merkkijonojen metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">lower</code>, jota voi käyttää seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Visual Studio CODE\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"visual studio code\"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lower<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkkijono oli etsitty!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"koodin-suorittaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Koodin suorittaminen<a href=\"#koodin-suorittaminen\" aria-label=\"koodin suorittaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Visual Studio Codessa koodi suoritetaan painamalla vihreää kolmiota. Joskus koodisi suoritus voi jäädä kesken, esimerkiksi odottamaan käyttäjän syötettä tai ikuiseen silmukkaan, vaikka siirryt jo seuraavaan tehtävään. Kun yrität suorittaa seuraavan tehtävän koodia, esille tuleekin edellisen tehtävän kesken ollut suoritus. Näissä tilanteissa voit joutua sammuttamaan edellisen suorituksen painamalla yhtä aikaa näppäimiä <em>Control</em>+<em>C</em>, jotta saat suoritetuksi uuden tehtävän koodin.</p><h2 id=\"interaktiivinen-python-tulkki\" style=\"position:relative;\">Interaktiivinen Python-tulkki<a href=\"#interaktiivinen-python-tulkki\" aria-label=\"interaktiivinen python tulkki permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Emme ole toistaiseksi puhuneet kurssilla sanallakaan eräästä Python-ohjelmoinnin tärkeimmästä työkalusta, interaktiivisesta komentotulkista.</p><p>Komentotulkki käynnistyy antamalla komentoriviltä komento <code class=\"language-text\">python3</code> (joissain tapauksissa, esim. Windowsilla, komento saattaa olla <code class=\"language-text\">python</code>). Esim. Macilla komentotulkin avaaminen näyttää seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/0f246/4_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 17.82608695652174%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAArUlEQVQI13XLywqDMBCFYd//tbroMhiYZFppBG/YJAQTN+o4sVS77bc6HPiL2/Pe1E3ftc8HlmWJiFprKWVVVQAgpUT8/gCglBJCGGPatm1ORV2Zruve49s5F2O01nrvnXMppb7vQwjHfwU+cBxHRBRCAIB5GaUUIg7DoLUGgJRSjDGEME2T995aO8/zLyainDMzExEzH8ex7zsz55yvvW0bEW2ndV2XZSGiK/4AItbceE5Q2z8AAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/a0b58/4_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/bc10c/4_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/966d8/4_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/34186/4_1_1.webp 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/81c8e/4_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/08a84/4_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/c0255/4_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/0f246/4_1_1.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7267d91f6d4cbf0f25e0a55ca8dea0ce/c0255/4_1_1.png\" alt=\"4 1 1\" title=\"4 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komentotulkki on myös mahdollista avata Visual Studio Coden sisälle, ensin suorittamalla jokin ohjelma \"vihreällä kolmiolla\" ja sen jälkeen kirjoittamalla avautuvaan <em>Terminal</em>-näkymään <code class=\"language-text\">python3</code> (tai <code class=\"language-text\">python</code>)</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/e431d/4_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 49.130434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAKCAIAAAA7N+mxAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABF0lEQVQoz52RWW7DIBCGuUcLw2I2Ox42O7hZrtCXqve/SgVOokh5aNVPCM32s8wQjDHFlHIOIRhjnfP78r7ttgVuEWedMuZo58mNNak4e+JHnxYsBXPBcfbaaGOsbSKntZZqMM4111qplGfySyYL4h2AASeUUiG4EJxzAAD6BOs8uwr4G6MUGPQU6Wl2K/wNym4y9hD/GwIAfyyFO7vdxLajtUbEaZqsMcZZLsUDKSXnfBzHdV0Ph8M8z62kt5PUWtd1RcRSSs4ZQ9hy+UjLmkuKMYSwx2OMy7KkNtOcOqUUcr1eL5dLrXXbtvPpVOrxO54/h4jSDEoJIeD+yNdfkG3bEHE/MvarQgiD1koPzjml1GNmrw37AVG5Vxy3ozSFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/a0b58/4_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/bc10c/4_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/966d8/4_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/445df/4_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/78de1/4_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/609ff/4_1_2.webp 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/81c8e/4_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/08a84/4_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/c0255/4_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/b1001/4_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/161ec/4_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/e431d/4_1_2.png 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/895b071970fc467ecad71d69e6d70d5a/c0255/4_1_2.png\" alt=\"4 1 2\" title=\"4 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>On olemassa myös selaimessa toimivia interaktiivisia tulkkeja, kuten <a href=\"https://www.python.org/shell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.python.org/shell/</a>.</p><p>Komentotulkki tarjoaa interaktiivisen tavan suorittaa Python-koodia rivi riviltä sitä mukaa kuin käyttäjä kirjoittaa koodia. Ideana on, että kun käyttäjä kirjoittaa rivin koodia, Python suorittaa rivin välittömästi ja näyttää rivin operaation tuloksen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/0f246/4_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 19.565217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAkElEQVQI143LwQqDMAwAUP//53qQRq0zKmJALe0wB3HRZtDtOti7v6Kua0QchmEcRwCoqso5BwDOub7vjTFEpKoi8srO8xQRzYppmh4ZESHiuq7HcXjvY4zMHELw3jPzM4sxLsvCzN88z3PTNGVZtm2773tKSUTu+9Y/FETUdZ21FgAQcdu2kF3Xparph09+Az024L8JLoKAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/a0b58/4_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/bc10c/4_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/966d8/4_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/34186/4_1_3.webp 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/81c8e/4_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/08a84/4_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/c0255/4_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/0f246/4_1_3.png 1118w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7977922a8e37fd253a7fd34e364e6d58/c0255/4_1_3.png\" alt=\"4 1 3\" title=\"4 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komentotulkkiin on mahdollista kirjoittaa mitä tahansa Pythonia, muuttujien ja metodienkin määrittely on mahdollista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> t <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> t<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">itseisarvo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>      luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>luku\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>   <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nTraceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  File <span class=\"token string\">\"&lt;stdin>\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> line <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>module<span class=\"token operator\">></span>\nNameError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> name <span class=\"token string\">'luku'</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> defined\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> itseisarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Parhaimmillaan komentotulkki on pienten tarkistusten tekemiseen, esim. miten tietty metodi toimii tai onko metodia ylipäätään olemassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TekstIä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>toupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nTraceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  File <span class=\"token string\">\"&lt;stdin>\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> line <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>module<span class=\"token operator\">></span>\nAttributeError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'str'</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">object</span> has no attribute <span class=\"token string\">'toupper'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TekstIä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>upper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'TEKSTIÄ'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Jos muistaa melkein jonkin metodin nimen, googlaamisen sijaan voi olla nopeampi käyttää komentotulkkia ja kysyä funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">dir</code>, mitä metodeja tietyllä oliolla on:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"teksti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'__add__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__class__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__contains__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__dir__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__doc__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__eq__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__format__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ge__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getattribute__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getnewargs__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__gt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__hash__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init_subclass__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__iter__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__le__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__len__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__lt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__mod__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__mul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ne__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__new__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce_ex__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__repr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__rmod__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__rmul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__sizeof__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__str__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__subclasshook__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'capitalize'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'casefold'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'center'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'count'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'encode'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'endswith'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'expandtabs'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'find'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'format'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'format_map'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'index'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isalnum'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isalpha'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isascii'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isdecimal'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isdigit'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'isidentifier'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'islower'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isnumeric'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isprintable'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isspace'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'istitle'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'isupper'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'join'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'ljust'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'lower'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'lstrip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'maketrans'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'partition'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'replace'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rfind'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rindex'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rjust'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">'rpartition'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rsplit'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'rstrip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'split'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'splitlines'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'startswith'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'strip'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'swapcase'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'title'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'translate'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'upper'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'zfill'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuten näemme, merkkijonoilla on suuri määrä metodeja. Kurssin tässä vaiheessa ei kannata välittää alaviivoja sisältävistä metodeista, mutta muut voivat olla käyttökelpoisia. Osa metodien toiminnasta voi selvitä kokeilemalla, osan toiminta selviää googlaamalla.</p><p>Listojen metodeista käy ilmi seuraavaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">'__add__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__class__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__contains__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__delitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__dir__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__doc__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__eq__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__format__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ge__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getattribute__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__getitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__gt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__hash__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__iadd__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__imul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__init_subclass__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__iter__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__le__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__len__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__lt__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__mul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__ne__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__new__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__reduce_ex__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__repr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__reversed__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__rmul__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setattr__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__setitem__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__sizeof__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'__str__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'__subclasshook__'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'append'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'clear'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'copy'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'count'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'extend'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'index'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'insert'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'pop'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'remove'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'reverse'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'sort'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Tarjolla näyttää siis olevan mm. metodit <code class=\"language-text\">reverse</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">clear</code>. Kokeillaan niitä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reverse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>clear<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> luvut\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodit siis tekevät aika lailla sen, mitä nimen perusteella voi olettaa.</p><p>Huomaa, että komentotulkki ei näytä mitään tulosta, kun kutsutaan esim. metodia <code class=\"language-text\">lista.reverse()</code>. Mistä tämä johtuu? Komentotulkki tekee komentojen suorituksen yhteydessä tulostuksen vain, jos suoritetulla koodirivillä on jokin arvo. Edellisessä esimerkissä saatiin tulostettua listan <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> arvo kirjoittamalla komentotulkkiin pelkkä muuttujan nimi. Komentotulkissa ei siis useinkaan ole tarvetta kirjottaa erikseen <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoja.</p><p>Tärkeä komento on <code class=\"language-text\">exit()</code>, joka sulkee komentotulkin. Erityisesti jos käytät komentotulkkia Visual Studio Codessa, se tulee muistaa sulkea, ennen kuin suoritat jonkin ohjelman uudelleen \"vihreällä kolmiolla\". Jos tämä unohtuu, on seurauksena hieman erikoinen virheilmoitus:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966ce/4_1_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 28.695652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA7klEQVQY023G0W6EIBCFYd9jBQZQgWEERdx1FTdbTd//lZqYthdNT76T/FXOkyMa0phzTikhekRy1nXGInrvyVqrlP4DVBNJVwbtOA8u9tA2QggAkFJKgO+4kv+MMc6uc8YAZKV0E4YQxwRaMyFqzm91fWOXK2rGfoGSoJSQwEEwwatnTFtM52MtcVrD+KA4O8rWz67PjiaDFz9Znwy+0v2dl1ea15BWjNVxnp/HeX4ceynPZdme615KWbfXvpdtC9QTInnfe+o92c5YYwjRIS4uVHcfHxgWGobGRt1FbaI2wyXqLsj2H6oj1S7KfgH1/DpLnHkC8gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/a0b58/4_1_4.webp 230w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/bc10c/4_1_4.webp 460w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966d8/4_1_4.webp 920w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/445df/4_1_4.webp 1380w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/78de1/4_1_4.webp 1840w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/df82e/4_1_4.webp 2050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/81c8e/4_1_4.png 230w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/08a84/4_1_4.png 460w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/c0255/4_1_4.png 920w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/b1001/4_1_4.png 1380w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/161ec/4_1_4.png 1840w,\n/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/966ce/4_1_4.png 2050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/030410f1be5c4a9d02209afb96fe30e4/c0255/4_1_4.png\" alt=\"4 1 4\" title=\"4 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"debuggeri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debuggeri<a href=\"#debuggeri\" aria-label=\"debuggeri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Muutamassa edellisessä osassa on jo korostettu debuggaustaitojen tärkeyttä ja demonstroitu tulostamalla tapahtuvaa debuggausta. Visual Studio Code sisältää debuggausta varten <em>visuaalisen debuggerin</em>.</p><p>Debuggaus aloitetaan määrittelemällä koodiin <em>breakpoint</em> eli kohta, johon debuggeri pysäyttää koodin suorituksen. Breakpoint asetetaan klikkaamalla hiirellä halutun koodirivin vasemmalta puolelta.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä breakpoint on asetettu <a href=\"/osa-3/1-ehdot-silmukoissa\">edellisen osan</a> tehtävän <em>Peräkkäisten summa</em> hieman virheellisen ratkaisun riville 5:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/6e29b/4_1_5.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 39.130434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAICAIAAAB2/0i6AAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAv0lEQVQY042NW66DMAwFWQiO47wdY7glJEXd/8Iq+nelVmJ0/o5GM6WUZN3O8zyOo/euuubCXEVk0UVFFpGFuX7dpLrlwr33R2vtHM/R/oRrrarKzKWUlBIAmG9MsqwAUHLWbQUENEAWLV7fPM8A8y/zkpPzAbGyvJ6vozWugmjxHlMM0dEV2x/7GCPmQuSN+Vn7V/YhOu+ttTnmMUZlRgAD9+QQovc+xhBT3PemqvnDXdkYJLJEZD+Qc0R0R34DaJdB2A9pXSUAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/a0b58/4_1_5.webp 230w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/bc10c/4_1_5.webp 460w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/966d8/4_1_5.webp 920w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/445df/4_1_5.webp 1380w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/a9e74/4_1_5.webp 1610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/81c8e/4_1_5.png 230w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/08a84/4_1_5.png 460w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/c0255/4_1_5.png 920w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/b1001/4_1_5.png 1380w,\n/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/6e29b/4_1_5.png 1610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/b2aa8f4cae6fd0db736f2cf1d62607f9/c0255/4_1_5.png\" alt=\"4 1 5\" title=\"4 1 5\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Breakpointin asetuksen jälkeen valitaan valikosta <em>Run</em> kohta <em>Start debugging</em>. Tämä avaa valintanäkymän, josta valitaan <em>Python File</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/adef7/4_1_6.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 36.52173913043478%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA/klEQVQY043PyW6DMBSFYT9HEyZPYBsINpMxeGjSpqCmUt//aaoIRUpX7a9vec/igrxgSspgFzebYJdz8NvH9XNbb9v6/XVb398uwbvZWDO52aim4ZwLIUQpyroCVVnjUsmwnexVTBfSWdq7fPC4tVAtmVwyOaPW3nUuwiw6HqJHQHBR1Kp/3U7mzAcrRi9GX2kP6+FQNLuXfCePkCRJnDwCKINS8ODcYiajR933Y9fpYagFpxjlBD+DaZo8BSDEZVVZ67quH7WWbdtIJVVbMH6/J7+kaRY/BTAmCCFKKUKYMQ4hiuN4fyn+K0AITdMMoYxQUjBGKS0YRxj/Z/wD++1E6Al0/nYAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/a0b58/4_1_6.webp 230w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/bc10c/4_1_6.webp 460w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/966d8/4_1_6.webp 920w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/445df/4_1_6.webp 1380w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/211fa/4_1_6.webp 1716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/81c8e/4_1_6.png 230w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/08a84/4_1_6.png 460w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/c0255/4_1_6.png 920w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/b1001/4_1_6.png 1380w,\n/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/adef7/4_1_6.png 1716w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/4ab241b5d1246646156624044be64914/c0255/4_1_6.png\" alt=\"4 1 6\" title=\"4 1 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Debuggeri käynnistyy ja alkaa suorittaa koodia normaaliin tapaan, kunnes se törmää breakpointiin ja pysähtyy:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/3145a/4_1_7.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 46.95652173913043%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/a0b58/4_1_7.webp 230w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/bc10c/4_1_7.webp 460w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/966d8/4_1_7.webp 920w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/445df/4_1_7.webp 1380w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/78de1/4_1_7.webp 1840w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/407bd/4_1_7.webp 2112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/81c8e/4_1_7.png 230w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/08a84/4_1_7.png 460w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/c0255/4_1_7.png 920w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/b1001/4_1_7.png 1380w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/161ec/4_1_7.png 1840w,\n/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/3145a/4_1_7.png 2112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8a01f8e6fba73266b2dd512d79dfb681/c0255/4_1_7.png\" alt=\"4 1 7\" title=\"4 1 7\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Vasempaan reunaan on avautunut näkymä <em>Variables</em>, joka kertoo senhetkisten muuttujien arvot. Koodia voidaan suorittaa rivi riviltä painelemalla alaspäin osoittavaa nuolta (<em>Step into</em>).</p><p>Seuraavassa tilanteessa silmukkaa on suoritettu muutamia kertoja:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 51.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/a0b58/4_1_8.webp 230w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/bc10c/4_1_8.webp 460w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/966d8/4_1_8.webp 920w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/445df/4_1_8.webp 1380w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/78de1/4_1_8.webp 1840w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/75f48/4_1_8.webp 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/81c8e/4_1_8.png 230w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/08a84/4_1_8.png 460w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png 920w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/b1001/4_1_8.png 1380w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/161ec/4_1_8.png 1840w,\n/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/cc418/4_1_8.png 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/748cafbc68941c7eaaebec0f9b422806/c0255/4_1_8.png\" alt=\"4 1 8\" title=\"4 1 8\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Debuggerin välilehti <em>Debug console</em> mahdollistaa myös lausekkeiden arvojen näyttämisen debuggaushetken muuttujien arvoilla. Voidaan esimerkiksi kokeilla, mikä silmukan lopetusehdon arvo on:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.913043478260875%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/a0b58/4_1_9.webp 230w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/bc10c/4_1_9.webp 460w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/966d8/4_1_9.webp 920w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/445df/4_1_9.webp 1380w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/78de1/4_1_9.webp 1840w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb61f/4_1_9.webp 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/81c8e/4_1_9.png 230w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/08a84/4_1_9.png 460w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png 920w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/b1001/4_1_9.png 1380w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/161ec/4_1_9.png 1840w,\n/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/cb1ac/4_1_9.png 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cb417e312ed6b45c9910c5a50d7fa175/c0255/4_1_9.png\" alt=\"4 1 9\" title=\"4 1 9\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Ohjelmassa voi olla myös useita breakpointeja. Pysähtymisen jälkeen koodi voidaan taas käynnistää sinisellä kolmiolla (<em>Continue</em>) ja suoritus jatkuu, kunnes ohjelma törmää seuraavaan breakpointiin.</p><p>Visuaalinen debuggeri on vaihtoehto debug-tulostuksille, mutta on mieltymyksistä kiinni, mitä debuggaustekniikoita kukin ohjelmoija käyttää. On hyvä kokeilla erilaisia tapoja ja valita itselle sopiva tapa.</p></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/1-vscode","title":"Visual Studio Code -editori, Python-tulkki ja debuggeri"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/1-vscode.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Kun parametri on "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Emilia\""}]},{"type":"text","value":" eikä kokonaisluku, tämä aiheuttaa virheen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voimme antaa funktion määrittelyssä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tyyppivihjeen"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka ilmaisee, millaista tietoa parametreihin on tarkoitus sijoittaa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_monesti"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"viesti "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"str"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" kerrat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"while"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kerrat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"viesti"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        kerrat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että parametrin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viesti"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on tarkoitus olla merkkijono, kun taas parametrin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kerrat"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on tarkoitus olla kokonaisluku."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaavasti funktion paluuarvon tyypin voi vihjata funktion määrittelyssä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kysy_nimi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":">"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"str"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    nimi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä on nimesi? \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"return"}]},{"type":"text","value":" nimi"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. Jos funktiolle annetaan väärän tyyppinen parametri tai se palauttaa väärän tyyppisen arvon, funktio suoritetaan kuitenkin, mutta se toimii mahdollisesti väärin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"497c46b6-3edd-597e-a50f-a4b6aa013948"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät lisää funktion parametrien käyttämisestä</li>\n<li>Osaat palauttaa arvon funktiosta ja käyttää sitä kutsukohdassa</li>\n<li>Osaat merkitä tyyppivihjeet parametreille ja paluuarvolle</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Funktioiden määrittely tapahtuu avainsanan <code class=\"language-text\">def</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä tulee funktiosta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin määriteltyä funktiota nimeltä <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code> kutsutaan seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Tämä tulee funktiosta</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"funktion-parametrit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion parametrit<a href=\"#funktion-parametrit\" aria-label=\"funktion parametrit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla voi olla yksi tai useampi parametri. Parametrit määritellään suluissa funktion nimen jälkeen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa koodissa funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi</code> on yksi parametri ja funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> on kaksi parametria.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Parametrien summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nParametrien summa on 5</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Muodollinen ja todellinen parametri'><p>Mitä oikeastaan tapahtuu, kun suoritetaan funktiokutsu <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(\"Emilia\")</code>?</p><p>Funktion määrittelyssä <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(nimi)</code> oleva <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on funktion\n<em>muodollinen parametri</em>. Parametrin nimi on annettu funktion alussa,\nja sitä voidaan käyttää funktiossa muuttujan tavoin.</p><p>Funktion kutsussa <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(\"Emilia\")</code> oleva <code class=\"language-text\">\"Emilia\"</code> on funktion\n<em>todellinen parametri</em>. Kun funktiota kutsutaan, todellinen parametri\nsijoitetaan muodollisen parametrin arvoksi.</p><p>Joskus termillä <em>parametri</em> viitataan muodolliseen parametriin ja\ntermillä <em>argumentti</em> viitataan todelliseen parametriin,\nmutta monet myös käyttävät termejä sekaisin.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"testien-virheilmoitukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Testien virheilmoitukset<a href=\"#testien-virheilmoitukset\" aria-label=\"testien virheilmoitukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelmasi ei toimi oikein, antavat testit enemmän tai vähemmän hyvän virheilmoituksen. Virheilmoitus kannattaa ehdottomasti lukea huolellisesti.</p><p>Joissain tilanteissa virheilmoitus ei kerro tarkemmin, mistä on kyse. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa tehtävässä saatat törmätä seuraavaan virheeseen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/76435/4_2_0a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 41.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/a0b58/4_2_0a.webp 230w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/bc10c/4_2_0a.webp 460w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/966d8/4_2_0a.webp 920w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/445df/4_2_0a.webp 1380w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/97499/4_2_0a.webp 1742w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/81c8e/4_2_0a.png 230w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/08a84/4_2_0a.png 460w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/c0255/4_2_0a.png 920w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/b1001/4_2_0a.png 1380w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/76435/4_2_0a.png 1742w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/c0255/4_2_0a.png\" alt=\"4 2 0a\" title=\"4 2 0a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Virhe kertoo, että tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> pitäisi pystyä kutsumaan seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Varsinainen ongelma paljastuu, kun kokeillaan, mitä funktiokutsu tekee, eli kopioidaan virheilmoituksen kertoma funktiokutsu koodiin ja painetaan vihreää kolmiota:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/701e9/4_2_0b.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/a0b58/4_2_0b.webp 230w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/bc10c/4_2_0b.webp 460w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/966d8/4_2_0b.webp 920w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/445df/4_2_0b.webp 1380w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/e11e5/4_2_0b.webp 1780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/81c8e/4_2_0b.png 230w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/08a84/4_2_0b.png 460w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/c0255/4_2_0b.png 920w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/b1001/4_2_0b.png 1380w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/701e9/4_2_0b.png 1780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/c0255/4_2_0b.png\" alt=\"4 2 0b\" title=\"4 2 0b\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Koodin suorituksen viimeiset rivit kertovat, mikä on vikana: koodin rivi 4 aiheuttaa virheen <em>IndexError: string index out of range</em>. Kuten <a href=\"/osa-3/2-merkkijonojen-kasittely\">edellisessä osassa</a> mainittiin, syy tälle on se, että koodissa yritetään indeksoida merkkijonon ulkopuolelle. Tällä kertaa syynä on se, että yritetään hakea nollan pituisen merkkijonon ensimmäistä merkkiä.</p><programming-exercise name='Viiva' tmcname='osa04-02_viiva'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code>, joka saa kaksi parametria (leveys, merkkijono). Funktio tulostaa ensimmäisen parametrin määrittämän pituisen viivan käyttäen toisena parametrina olevan merkkijonon ensimmäistä merkkiä. Jos parametrina oleva merkkijono on tyhjä, tulostuu viiva tähtinä.</p><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"%\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"LOL\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n%%%%%%%\nLLLLLLLLLL\n***\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-kutsut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset kutsut<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-kutsut\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset kutsut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme kutsua funktiota myös toisen funktion sisältä. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa funktio\n<code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi_monesti</code> kutsuu funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi</code> halutun määrän kertoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\ntervehdi_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Emilia</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Risulaatikko' tmcname='osa04-02a_risulaatikko'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risulaatikko</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa korkuisen, kymmenen merkkiä leveän risulaatikon.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkään!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risulaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisulaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n##########\n##########\n##########\n##########\n##########\n\n##########\n##########\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Risuneliö' tmcname='osa04-02b_risunelio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risunelio</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa kokoisen risuneliön.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n\n###\n###\n###\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Neliö' tmcname='osa04-02c_nelio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio</code>, joka saa kaksi parametria. Funktio tulostaa neliön jonka korkeuden ja leveyden kertoo ensimmäinen parametri.  Toinen parametri määrittelee mitä merkkiä käyttäen neliö piirretään.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"o\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n*****\n*****\n*****\n*****\n*****\n\nooo\nooo\nooo\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kolmio' tmcname='osa04-02d_kolmio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kolmio</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa korkuisen ja levyisen, risuaitakolmion.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n#\n##\n###\n####\n#####\n######\n\n#\n##\n###\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuvio' tmcname='osa04-03_kuvio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kuvio</code>, joka saa neljä parametria. Funktio tulostaa kuvion, jonka yläosana on kahden ensimmäisen parametrin määrittelemä kolmio ja alaosana ensimmäisen ja kahden jälkimmäisen parametrin määrittelemä suorakulmio.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle.</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"X\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"o\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nX\nXX\nXXX\nXXXX\nXXXXX\n*****\n*****\n*****\n\no\noo\n++\n++\n++\n++\n\n.\n..\n...\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong></p><p>Älä yritä ratkaista tehtävässä \"kaikkia asioita\" yhtä aikaa. Keskity ensin esim. siihen että saat kuvion yläosan kolmion piirtymään oikein, ja vasta sen jälkeen jatka kuvion täydentämistä alaosan suorakulmiolla.</p><p>Tämä on ylipäätänsäkin ohjelmoinnissa erittäin tärkeää: <strong>keskity pieniin osiin kerrallaan</strong>, varmista että ne toimivat ennen kuin laajennat ratkaisuasi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Joulukuusi' tmcname='osa04-04_joulukuusi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi</code>, joka saa yhden parametrin. Funktio tulostaa tekstin joulukuusi! ja parametrinsa kokoisen joulukuusen.</p><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi(3)</code> tulostuu</p><sample-output><pre>\njoulukuusi!\n  *\n ***\n*****\n  *\n</pre></sample-output><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi(5)</code> tulostuu</p><sample-output><pre>\njoulukuusi!\n    *\n   ***\n  *****\n *******\n*********\n    *\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa, että joulukuusen vasemmalla puolella pitää olla täsmälleen oikea määrä välilyöntejä</strong>. Eli vaikka kuusen muoto olisi täysin oikea, mutta sen alin \"neulastaso\" ei lähde ruudun vasemmasta reunasta, ei vastaus kelpaa testeille.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktion-paluuarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion paluuarvo<a href=\"#funktion-paluuarvo\" aria-label=\"funktion paluuarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiot voivat myös palauttaa arvoja. Esimerkiksi Pythonin valmis funktio <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> <em>palauttaa</em> käyttäjän antaman syötteen. Funktion palauttama arvo voidaan esimerkiksi sijoittaa muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Myös kokonaislukujen lukemisessa yhdessä funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> kanssa käytettävä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> palauttaa arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> saa parametrinaan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> palauttaman merkkijonon ja palauttaa sen kokonaislukutyyppisenä.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-arvon-palauttaminen-return-komennolla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion arvon palauttaminen return-komennolla<a href=\"#funktion-arvon-palauttaminen-return-komennolla\" aria-label=\"funktion arvon palauttaminen return komennolla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Myös itse määrittelemämme funktiot voivat palauttaa arvoja käyttämällä komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> palauttaa annettujen lukujen summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Summa: 5</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa on vielä toinen esimerkki, jossa funktio kysyy käyttäjän nimen ja palauttaa sen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kysy_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimi\n\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kysy_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi? <strong>Anna</strong>\nMoikka, Anna</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa huomata, että komento <code class=\"language-text\">return</code> lopettaa funktion suorituksen saman tien. Niinpä voimme tehdä seuraavan funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä ideana on, että jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on pienempi kuin <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>, niin funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja päättyy. Muuten funktion suoritus jatkuu eteenpäin, jolloin se palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.</p><sample-output><p>3\n2</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komentoa siihen, että poistumme funktiosta palauttamatta mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"???\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on tyhjä merkkijono, niin funktio tulostaa <code class=\"language-text\">???</code> ja päättyy.</p><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\n???\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"funktion-paluuarvojen-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion paluuarvojen käyttö<a href=\"#funktion-paluuarvojen-kaytto\" aria-label=\"funktion paluuarvojen kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme jo nähneet, funktioiden paluuarvoja on mahdollista sijoittaa muuttujiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Summa on 10</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktion paluuarvo käyttäytyy kuten mikä tahansa arvo, ei apumuuttuja ole tarpeen ja paluuarvoa on mahdollista käyttää suoraan komennon <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme myös antaa funktion palauttaman arvon toiselle funktiolle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">erotus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vastaus on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vastaus on 2</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa suoritetaan ensin sisemmät funktiokutsut <code class=\"language-text\">summa(5, 2)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">summa(2, 3)</code>, joiden  palauttamat arvot 7 ja 5 käytetään ulomman funktiokutsun parametreina.</p><p>Ulompi funktiokutsu <code class=\"language-text\">erotus(7, 5)</code> palauttaa arvon 2, joka sijoitetaan muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> arvoksi ja tulostetaan ruudulle.</p><p>Funktioiden palauttamat arvot toimivat täysin samalla tavalla kuin mitkä tahansa arvot Pythonissa. Niitä voidaan tulostaa, sijoittaa muuttujaan, käyttää osana lausekkeita tai käyttää parametreina muissa funktiokutsuissa.</p><h2 id=\"arvon-palauttaminen-return-ja-print\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvon palauttaminen, return ja print<a href=\"#arvon-palauttaminen-return-ja-print\" aria-label=\"arvon palauttaminen return ja print permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus aloittelija hämmentyy funktioiden paluuarvon ja funktiossa tapahtuvan tulostuksen välistä eroa. Tarkastellaan kahta versiota funktiosta, joka selvittää kahden parametrinsa maksimiarvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maksimi1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">></span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maksimi2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">></span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmaksimi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n7</p></sample-output><p>Molemmat funktiot näyttävät toimivan hyvin, kumpikin selvittää maksimiarvon. Funktioissa on kuitenkin eräs ratkaiseva ero. Funktioista ensimmäinen <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi1</code> <em>palauttaa</em> selvittämänsä arvon. Se ei itse tulosta mitään, eli jos suoritetaan koodi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ei näytä tapahtuvan mitään. Funktion paluuarvo on siis otettava talteen muuttujaan, jos se halutaan tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">vastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktioista toinen <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi2</code> taas tulostaa itse <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoa käyttäen lukujen maksimin, eli riittää kutsua</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maksimi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ja maksimi tulostuu ruudulle. Tämän funktion huono puoli on kuitenkin se, että funktion selvittämää arvoa ei ole mahdollista saada funktion ulkopuolelle muun ohjelman käsiteltäväksi. Tämän takia arvon palauttava funktio on useimmiten parempi vaihtoehto.</p><programming-exercise name='Luvuista suurin' tmcname='osa04-05_luvuista_suurin'><p>Tee funktio  <code class=\"language-text\">luvuista_suurin</code>, joka saa parametriksi kolme kokonaislukua. Funktio palauttaa return-lausetta käyttäen luvuista suurimman.</p><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 4</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 99</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 0</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Merkit samat' tmcname='osa04-06_merkit_samat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">samat</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon ja kaksi merkkijonon indeksejä kuvaavaa kokonaislukua. Funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-lausetta käyttäen tiedon (<code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>) siitä, ovatko merkkijonon parametreina olevien indeksien osoittamissa paikoissa olevat merkit samat. Jos jompikumpi indekseistä ei osu merkkijonon sisälle, palauttaa metodi <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Muutama esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># samat merkit o ja o</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># eri merkit k ja a</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># toinen indeksi ei ole merkkijonon sisällä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Eka, toka ja vika sana' tmcname='osa04-07_eka_toka_vika_sana'><p>Tee kolme funktiota: <code class=\"language-text\">eka_sana</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">toka_sana</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vika_sana</code>. Jokainen funktioista saa parametrikseen lauseen (eli merkkijonon).</p><p>Funktiot palauttavat nimensä mukaisesti lauseen ensimmäisen, toisen tai viimeisen sanan.</p><p>Voit olettaa jokaisessa tapauksessa, että merkkijono koostuu vähintään kahdesta sanasta, ja että sanojen välillä on aina täsmälleen yksi välilyönti, ja että merkkijonon alussa ja lopussa ei ole välilyöntejä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran kauan sitten ohjelmoija\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># olipa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelmoija</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>olipa\nkerran\nohjelmoija</p></sample-output><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"parametrin-tyyppi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrin tyyppi<a href=\"#parametrin-tyyppi\" aria-label=\"parametrin tyyppi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kerrataan vielä tähän mennessä läpikäydyt tyypit:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Tyyppi</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Pythonissa</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Kokonaisluku</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">int</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">23</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Liukuluku</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">float</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-0.45</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Merkkijono</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">str</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"Pekka Python\"</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Totuusarvo</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">bool</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">True</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Kun kutsumme funktiota, funktio toimii oikein vain,\njos annamme sille sopivan tyyppiset parametrit.\nTarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio toimii mainiosti, jos kutsumme sitä näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka\nMoikka\nMoikka\nMoikka\nMoikka</p></sample-output><p>Kuitenkaan funktio ei toimi, jos annamme sille väärän tyyppisen parametrin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'</p></sample-output><p>Tässä ongelmaksi tulee, että funktion jälkimmäistä parametria <code class=\"language-text\">kerrat</code> vertaillaan kokonaislukuun 0. Kun parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">\"Emilia\"</code> eikä kokonaisluku, tämä aiheuttaa virheen.</p><p>Voimme antaa funktion määrittelyssä <em>tyyppivihjeen</em>, joka ilmaisee, millaista tietoa parametreihin on tarkoitus sijoittaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code> on tarkoitus olla merkkijono, kun taas parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">kerrat</code> on tarkoitus olla kokonaisluku.</p><p>Vastaavasti funktion paluuarvon tyypin voi vihjata funktion määrittelyssä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kysy_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono.</p><p>Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. 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määrittelyssä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kysy_nimi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"input"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Mikä on nimesi? \""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"return"}]},{"type":"text","value":" nimi"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. Jos funktiolle annetaan väärän tyyppinen parametri tai se palauttaa väärän tyyppisen arvon, funktio suoritetaan kuitenkin, mutta se toimii mahdollisesti väärin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"497c46b6-3edd-597e-a50f-a4b6aa013948"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät lisää funktion parametrien käyttämisestä</li>\n<li>Osaat palauttaa arvon funktiosta ja käyttää sitä kutsukohdassa</li>\n<li>Osaat merkitä tyyppivihjeet parametreille ja paluuarvolle</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Funktioiden määrittely tapahtuu avainsanan <code class=\"language-text\">def</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">viesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä tulee funktiosta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin määriteltyä funktiota nimeltä <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code> kutsutaan seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tällöin ohjelman tulostus on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Tämä tulee funktiosta</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"funktion-parametrit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion parametrit<a href=\"#funktion-parametrit\" aria-label=\"funktion parametrit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla voi olla yksi tai useampi parametri. Parametrit määritellään suluissa funktion nimen jälkeen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa koodissa funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi</code> on yksi parametri ja funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> on kaksi parametria.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Parametrien summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nParametrien summa on 5</p></sample-output><text-box variant='hint' name='Muodollinen ja todellinen parametri'><p>Mitä oikeastaan tapahtuu, kun suoritetaan funktiokutsu <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(\"Emilia\")</code>?</p><p>Funktion määrittelyssä <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(nimi)</code> oleva <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on funktion\n<em>muodollinen parametri</em>. Parametrin nimi on annettu funktion alussa,\nja sitä voidaan käyttää funktiossa muuttujan tavoin.</p><p>Funktion kutsussa <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi(\"Emilia\")</code> oleva <code class=\"language-text\">\"Emilia\"</code> on funktion\n<em>todellinen parametri</em>. Kun funktiota kutsutaan, todellinen parametri\nsijoitetaan muodollisen parametrin arvoksi.</p><p>Joskus termillä <em>parametri</em> viitataan muodolliseen parametriin ja\ntermillä <em>argumentti</em> viitataan todelliseen parametriin,\nmutta monet myös käyttävät termejä sekaisin.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"testien-virheilmoitukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Testien virheilmoitukset<a href=\"#testien-virheilmoitukset\" aria-label=\"testien virheilmoitukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelmasi ei toimi oikein, antavat testit enemmän tai vähemmän hyvän virheilmoituksen. Virheilmoitus kannattaa ehdottomasti lukea huolellisesti.</p><p>Joissain tilanteissa virheilmoitus ei kerro tarkemmin, mistä on kyse. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa tehtävässä saatat törmätä seuraavaan virheeseen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/76435/4_2_0a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 41.73913043478261%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/a0b58/4_2_0a.webp 230w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/bc10c/4_2_0a.webp 460w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/966d8/4_2_0a.webp 920w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/445df/4_2_0a.webp 1380w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/97499/4_2_0a.webp 1742w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/81c8e/4_2_0a.png 230w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/08a84/4_2_0a.png 460w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/c0255/4_2_0a.png 920w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/b1001/4_2_0a.png 1380w,\n/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/76435/4_2_0a.png 1742w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/fd084faad6510920cd24630f3868f652/c0255/4_2_0a.png\" alt=\"4 2 0a\" title=\"4 2 0a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Virhe kertoo, että tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> pitäisi pystyä kutsumaan seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Varsinainen ongelma paljastuu, kun kokeillaan, mitä funktiokutsu tekee, eli kopioidaan virheilmoituksen kertoma funktiokutsu koodiin ja painetaan vihreää kolmiota:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/701e9/4_2_0b.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/a0b58/4_2_0b.webp 230w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/bc10c/4_2_0b.webp 460w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/966d8/4_2_0b.webp 920w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/445df/4_2_0b.webp 1380w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/e11e5/4_2_0b.webp 1780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/81c8e/4_2_0b.png 230w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/08a84/4_2_0b.png 460w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/c0255/4_2_0b.png 920w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/b1001/4_2_0b.png 1380w,\n/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/701e9/4_2_0b.png 1780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5a22494efd4d5af2a80255c7ee6431f3/c0255/4_2_0b.png\" alt=\"4 2 0b\" title=\"4 2 0b\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Koodin suorituksen viimeiset rivit kertovat, mikä on vikana: koodin rivi 4 aiheuttaa virheen <em>IndexError: string index out of range</em>. Kuten <a href=\"/osa-3/2-merkkijonojen-kasittely\">edellisessä osassa</a> mainittiin, syy tälle on se, että koodissa yritetään indeksoida merkkijonon ulkopuolelle. Tällä kertaa syynä on se, että yritetään hakea nollan pituisen merkkijonon ensimmäistä merkkiä.</p><programming-exercise name='Viiva' tmcname='osa04-02_viiva'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code>, joka saa kaksi parametria (leveys, merkkijono). Funktio tulostaa ensimmäisen parametrin määrittämän pituisen viivan käyttäen toisena parametrina olevan merkkijonon ensimmäistä merkkiä. Jos parametrina oleva merkkijono on tyhjä, tulostuu viiva tähtinä.</p><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"%\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"LOL\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n%%%%%%%\nLLLLLLLLLL\n***\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-kutsut\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset kutsut<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-kutsut\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset kutsut permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme kutsua funktiota myös toisen funktion sisältä. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa funktio\n<code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi_monesti</code> kutsuu funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">tervehdi</code> halutun määrän kertoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        tervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\ntervehdi_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Emilia</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Risulaatikko' tmcname='osa04-02a_risulaatikko'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risulaatikko</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa korkuisen, kymmenen merkkiä leveän risulaatikon.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkään!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risulaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisulaatikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n##########\n##########\n##########\n##########\n##########\n\n##########\n##########\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Risuneliö' tmcname='osa04-02b_risunelio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">risunelio</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa kokoisen risuneliön.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">risunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrisunelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n#####\n\n###\n###\n###\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Neliö' tmcname='osa04-02c_nelio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio</code>, joka saa kaksi parametria. Funktio tulostaa neliön jonka korkeuden ja leveyden kertoo ensimmäinen parametri.  Toinen parametri määrittelee mitä merkkiä käyttäen neliö piirretään.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnelio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"o\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n*****\n*****\n*****\n*****\n*****\n\nooo\nooo\nooo\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kolmio' tmcname='osa04-02d_kolmio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kolmio</code>, joka piirtää risuaitamerkkiä käyttäen parametrinsa korkuisen ja levyisen, risuaitakolmion.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle. Älä muuta funktiota mitenkaan!</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n#\n##\n###\n####\n#####\n######\n\n#\n##\n###\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuvio' tmcname='osa04-03_kuvio'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kuvio</code>, joka saa neljä parametria. Funktio tulostaa kuvion, jonka yläosana on kahden ensimmäisen parametrin määrittelemä kolmio ja alaosana ensimmäisen ja kahden jälkimmäisen parametrin määrittelemä suorakulmio.</p><p>Funktion tulee kutsua edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">viiva</code> kaiken tulostuksen tekemiseen! Kopioi edellisen tehtävän funktion koodi tämän tehtävän funktion koodin yläpuolelle.</p><p>Pari käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"X\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"*\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"o\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nX\nXX\nXXX\nXXXX\nXXXXX\n*****\n*****\n*****\n\no\noo\n++\n++\n++\n++\n\n.\n..\n...\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong></p><p>Älä yritä ratkaista tehtävässä \"kaikkia asioita\" yhtä aikaa. Keskity ensin esim. siihen että saat kuvion yläosan kolmion piirtymään oikein, ja vasta sen jälkeen jatka kuvion täydentämistä alaosan suorakulmiolla.</p><p>Tämä on ylipäätänsäkin ohjelmoinnissa erittäin tärkeää: <strong>keskity pieniin osiin kerrallaan</strong>, varmista että ne toimivat ennen kuin laajennat ratkaisuasi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Joulukuusi' tmcname='osa04-04_joulukuusi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi</code>, joka saa yhden parametrin. Funktio tulostaa tekstin joulukuusi! ja parametrinsa kokoisen joulukuusen.</p><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi(3)</code> tulostuu</p><sample-output><pre>\njoulukuusi!\n  *\n ***\n*****\n  *\n</pre></sample-output><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">joulukuusi(5)</code> tulostuu</p><sample-output><pre>\njoulukuusi!\n    *\n   ***\n  *****\n *******\n*********\n    *\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa, että joulukuusen vasemmalla puolella pitää olla täsmälleen oikea määrä välilyöntejä</strong>. Eli vaikka kuusen muoto olisi täysin oikea, mutta sen alin \"neulastaso\" ei lähde ruudun vasemmasta reunasta, ei vastaus kelpaa testeille.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktion-paluuarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion paluuarvo<a href=\"#funktion-paluuarvo\" aria-label=\"funktion paluuarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiot voivat myös palauttaa arvoja. Esimerkiksi Pythonin valmis funktio <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> <em>palauttaa</em> käyttäjän antaman syötteen. Funktion palauttama arvo voidaan esimerkiksi sijoittaa muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Myös kokonaislukujen lukemisessa yhdessä funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> kanssa käytettävä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> palauttaa arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> saa parametrinaan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">input</code> palauttaman merkkijonon ja palauttaa sen kokonaislukutyyppisenä.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-arvon-palauttaminen-return-komennolla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion arvon palauttaminen return-komennolla<a href=\"#funktion-arvon-palauttaminen-return-komennolla\" aria-label=\"funktion arvon palauttaminen return komennolla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Myös itse määrittelemämme funktiot voivat palauttaa arvoja käyttämällä komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> palauttaa annettujen lukujen summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Summa: 5</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa on vielä toinen esimerkki, jossa funktio kysyy käyttäjän nimen ja palauttaa sen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kysy_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimi\n\nnimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kysy_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mikä on nimesi? <strong>Anna</strong>\nMoikka, Anna</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa huomata, että komento <code class=\"language-text\">return</code> lopettaa funktion suorituksen saman tien. Niinpä voimme tehdä seuraavan funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä ideana on, että jos <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> on pienempi kuin <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>, niin funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja päättyy. Muuten funktion suoritus jatkuu eteenpäin, jolloin se palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.</p><sample-output><p>3\n2</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komentoa siihen, että poistumme funktiosta palauttamatta mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"???\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> on tyhjä merkkijono, niin funktio tulostaa <code class=\"language-text\">???</code> ja päättyy.</p><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\n???\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"funktion-paluuarvojen-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion paluuarvojen käyttö<a href=\"#funktion-paluuarvojen-kaytto\" aria-label=\"funktion paluuarvojen kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme jo nähneet, funktioiden paluuarvoja on mahdollista sijoittaa muuttujiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Summa on 10</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktion paluuarvo käyttäytyy kuten mikä tahansa arvo, ei apumuuttuja ole tarpeen ja paluuarvoa on mahdollista käyttää suoraan komennon <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme myös antaa funktion palauttaman arvon toiselle funktiolle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a<span class=\"token operator\">+</span>b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">erotus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vastaus on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vastaus on 2</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa suoritetaan ensin sisemmät funktiokutsut <code class=\"language-text\">summa(5, 2)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">summa(2, 3)</code>, joiden  palauttamat arvot 7 ja 5 käytetään ulomman funktiokutsun parametreina.</p><p>Ulompi funktiokutsu <code class=\"language-text\">erotus(7, 5)</code> palauttaa arvon 2, joka sijoitetaan muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tulos</code> arvoksi ja tulostetaan ruudulle.</p><p>Funktioiden palauttamat arvot toimivat täysin samalla tavalla kuin mitkä tahansa arvot Pythonissa. Niitä voidaan tulostaa, sijoittaa muuttujaan, käyttää osana lausekkeita tai käyttää parametreina muissa funktiokutsuissa.</p><h2 id=\"arvon-palauttaminen-return-ja-print\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvon palauttaminen, return ja print<a href=\"#arvon-palauttaminen-return-ja-print\" aria-label=\"arvon palauttaminen return ja print permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joskus aloittelija hämmentyy funktioiden paluuarvon ja funktiossa tapahtuvan tulostuksen välistä eroa. Tarkastellaan kahta versiota funktiosta, joka selvittää kahden parametrinsa maksimiarvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maksimi1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">></span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maksimi2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">></span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmaksimi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n7</p></sample-output><p>Molemmat funktiot näyttävät toimivan hyvin, kumpikin selvittää maksimiarvon. Funktioissa on kuitenkin eräs ratkaiseva ero. Funktioista ensimmäinen <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi1</code> <em>palauttaa</em> selvittämänsä arvon. Se ei itse tulosta mitään, eli jos suoritetaan koodi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ei näytä tapahtuvan mitään. Funktion paluuarvo on siis otettava talteen muuttujaan, jos se halutaan tulostaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">vastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maksimi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktioista toinen <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi2</code> taas tulostaa itse <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoa käyttäen lukujen maksimin, eli riittää kutsua</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">maksimi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>ja maksimi tulostuu ruudulle. Tämän funktion huono puoli on kuitenkin se, että funktion selvittämää arvoa ei ole mahdollista saada funktion ulkopuolelle muun ohjelman käsiteltäväksi. Tämän takia arvon palauttava funktio on useimmiten parempi vaihtoehto.</p><programming-exercise name='Luvuista suurin' tmcname='osa04-05_luvuista_suurin'><p>Tee funktio  <code class=\"language-text\">luvuista_suurin</code>, joka saa parametriksi kolme kokonaislukua. Funktio palauttaa return-lausetta käyttäen luvuista suurimman.</p><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 4</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 99</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvuista_suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 0</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Merkit samat' tmcname='osa04-06_merkit_samat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">samat</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon ja kaksi merkkijonon indeksejä kuvaavaa kokonaislukua. Funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-lausetta käyttäen tiedon (<code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>) siitä, ovatko merkkijonon parametreina olevien indeksien osoittamissa paikoissa olevat merkit samat. Jos jompikumpi indekseistä ei osu merkkijonon sisälle, palauttaa metodi <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>.</p><p>Muutama esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># samat merkit o ja o</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># eri merkit k ja a</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># toinen indeksi ei ole merkkijonon sisällä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>samat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Eka, toka ja vika sana' tmcname='osa04-07_eka_toka_vika_sana'><p>Tee kolme funktiota: <code class=\"language-text\">eka_sana</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">toka_sana</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">vika_sana</code>. Jokainen funktioista saa parametrikseen lauseen (eli merkkijonon).</p><p>Funktiot palauttavat nimensä mukaisesti lauseen ensimmäisen, toisen tai viimeisen sanan.</p><p>Voit olettaa jokaisessa tapauksessa, että merkkijono koostuu vähintään kahdesta sanasta, ja että sanojen välillä on aina täsmälleen yksi välilyönti, ja että merkkijonon alussa ja lopussa ei ole välilyöntejä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran kauan sitten ohjelmoija\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># olipa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelmoija</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>olipa\nkerran\nohjelmoija</p></sample-output><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># kerran</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"parametrin-tyyppi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrin tyyppi<a href=\"#parametrin-tyyppi\" aria-label=\"parametrin tyyppi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kerrataan vielä tähän mennessä läpikäydyt tyypit:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Tyyppi</th>\n<th align=\"center\">Pythonissa</th>\n<th>Esimerkki</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Kokonaisluku</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">int</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">23</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Liukuluku</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">float</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">-0.45</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Merkkijono</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">str</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">\"Pekka Python\"</code></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Totuusarvo</td>\n<td align=\"center\"><code class=\"language-text\">bool</code></td>\n<td><code class=\"language-text\">True</code></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Kun kutsumme funktiota, funktio toimii oikein vain,\njos annamme sille sopivan tyyppiset parametrit.\nTarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio toimii mainiosti, jos kutsumme sitä näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka\nMoikka\nMoikka\nMoikka\nMoikka</p></sample-output><p>Kuitenkaan funktio ei toimi, jos annamme sille väärän tyyppisen parametrin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulosta_monesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'int'</p></sample-output><p>Tässä ongelmaksi tulee, että funktion jälkimmäistä parametria <code class=\"language-text\">kerrat</code> vertaillaan kokonaislukuun 0. Kun parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">\"Emilia\"</code> eikä kokonaisluku, tämä aiheuttaa virheen.</p><p>Voimme antaa funktion määrittelyssä <em>tyyppivihjeen</em>, joka ilmaisee, millaista tietoa parametreihin on tarkoitus sijoittaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_monesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kerrat <span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>viesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kerrat <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">viesti</code> on tarkoitus olla merkkijono, kun taas parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">kerrat</code> on tarkoitus olla kokonaisluku.</p><p>Vastaavasti funktion paluuarvon tyypin voi vihjata funktion määrittelyssä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kysy_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mikä on nimesi? \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Tämä kertoo funktion käyttäjälle, että funktion on tarkoitus palauttaa merkkijono.</p><p>Huomaa kuitenkin, että tyyppivihje ainoastaan neuvoo, mikä tyypin tulisi olla, mutta ei valvo sitä. Jos funktiolle annetaan väärän tyyppinen parametri tai se palauttaa väärän tyyppisen arvon, funktio suoritetaan kuitenkin, mutta se toimii mahdollisesti väärin.</p><div><quiz id=\"497c46b6-3edd-597e-a50f-a4b6aa013948\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista","title":"Lisää funktioista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonissa on paljon muitakin mahdollisuuksia listan käsittelyyn. Voit tutustua niihin Pythonin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dokumentaation"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kautta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"7e6bcb22-cfcc-5908-a370-b69d792e4fe1"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä lista tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Osaat viitata listan yksittäisiin alkioihin</li>\n<li>Osaat lisätä ja poistaa listan alkioita</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää valmiita funktioita ja metodeita listojen käsittelyyn</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän asti olemme tallentaneet ohjelmissa käytettävää tietoa muuttujien avulla. Yksittäisillä muuttujilla on kuitenkin rajoituksensa. Jos ohjelman käsittelemä tiedon määrä on vaihteleva ja saattaa olla suuri, olisi vaivalloista määritellä jokaiselle arvolle erillinen muuttuja.</p><p><em>Lista</em> on kokoelma tietoa, johon viitataan yhteisen nimen kautta. Listan sisältö kirjoitetaan hakasulkeiden sisään, ja jokaista listalla olevaa arvoa kutsutaan <em>alkioksi</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo uuden tyhjän listan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan luo listan, jossa on valmiina viisi alkiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"listan-alkioihin-viittaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan alkioihin viittaaminen<a href=\"#listan-alkioihin-viittaaminen\" aria-label=\"listan alkioihin viittaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot on indeksoitu samalla tavalla kuin merkkijonon yksittäiset merkit. Tässäkin tapauksessa indeksointi alkaa nollasta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 581px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.08695652173913%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAYAAABFA8wzAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAvUlEQVQY031QWQqEMBTr/a/jWQQFFxRBtIL7vkQS6DDzM4WQvjRN36tZlgVt22IcR5zniXmesW0b1nUV9n3HcRwfjfW/Zb4LmnnpeR7c9y12e4LL6eTrurRnI87zE1jXNZIkkYkd0UiwQz7GADI19zhDOCVr3jMccZomgWMT1lqZhmEQ86zve32Hq93X0N91nYJ934cpyxJFUUhsmkZh7DLLMoRhiDRNEUURgiCQTsRxLM7zXGcMqqoKnufhBUAvgMcmbGmAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/a0b58/4_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/bc10c/4_2_1.webp 460w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/39daa/4_2_1.webp 581w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/81c8e/4_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/08a84/4_2_1.png 460w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png 581w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png\" alt=\"Lista indeksoidaan nollasta alkaen\" title=\"Lista indeksoidaan nollasta alkaen\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yksittäiseen listan alkioon voidaan viitata samalla tavalla kuin merkkijonon yksittäisiin merkkeihin hakasulkujen avulla. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kahden ekan summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>7\n2\n5\nKahden ekan summa: 9</p></sample-output><p>Voimme tulostaa listan koko sisällön näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[7, 2, 2, 5, 2]</p></sample-output><p>Listan alkioita voidaan myös muuttaa. Alkion arvon muuttaminen tapahtuu sijoittamalla uusi arvo vanhan paikalle – siis samalla tavalla kuin muuttujia käytettäessä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[7, 2, 2, 5, 2]\n[7, 3, 2, 5, 2]</p></sample-output><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> antaa listan alkioiden määrän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden arvojen muutokset' tmcname='osa04-07a_alkioiden_arvojen_muutokset'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka alustaa listan jossa on arvot <code class=\"language-text\">[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</code>. Tämän jälkeen ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä alkion indeksin ja uuden arvon, vaihtaa kyseisen alkion arvon ja tulostaa listan uudelleen. Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, jos käyttäjä antaa alkion indeksiksi -1.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna indeksi: <strong>0</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>10</strong>\n[10, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>250</strong>\n[10, 2, 250, 4, 5]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>-45</strong>\n[10, 2, 250, 4, -45]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>-1</strong></p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkioiden lisääminen ja poistaminen<a href=\"#alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\" aria-label=\"alkioiden lisaaminen ja poistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan loppuun voidaan lisätä uusia alkioita <code class=\"language-text\">append</code>-metodin avulla. Metodia käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 10, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä ohjelman käytössä on kaksi erillistä listaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkengannumerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">37</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumerot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäys menee siis siihen listaan, mihin metodikutsu kohdistetaan:</p><sample-output><p>Luvut:\n[5, 10, 3]\nKengännumerot:\n[37, 44, 40, 28]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden lisäys listaan' tmcname='osa04-07b_alkoiden_lisays_listaan'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä ensin lukujen määrän. Sen jälkeen ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään annetun määrän lukuja yksitellen ja lisää ne listaan samassa järjestyksessä.</p><p>Lopuksi lista tulostetaan.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monta lukua: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku 1: <strong>10</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>250</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>34</strong>\n[10, 250, 34]</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><p>Mikäli halutaan lisätä alkio johonkin muualle kuin listan loppuun, voidaan käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">insert</code>-metodia. Metodi lisää alkion halutun indeksin paikalle. Kaikkia listalla valmiina olevia alkioita lisäyspaikasta alkaen siirretään yhdellä askeleella eteenpäin:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 632px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 65.21739130434783%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/a0b58/4_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/bc10c/4_2_2.webp 460w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/59680/4_2_2.webp 632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/81c8e/4_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/08a84/4_2_2.png 460w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png 632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png\" alt=\"Alkion lisäys listaan\" title=\"Alkion lisäys listaan\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[10, 1, 20, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Alkioita voidaan poistaa listasta kahden eri lähtökohdan mukaisesti:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos tiedetään, <em>missä</em> poistettava alkio sijaitsee, voidaan käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>.</li>\n<li>Jos tiedetään, <em>mikä</em> poistettavan alkion arvo on, käytetään metodia <code class=\"language-text\">remove</code>.</li>\n</ul><p>Metodille <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> annetaan poistettavan alkion indeksi. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi poistaa listalta alkiot kohdista 2 ja 3. Huomaa, että alkioiden indeksit muuttuvat poiston jälkeen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 2, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> myös <em>palauttaa</em> poistetun listan alkion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>7\n[4, 2, 2, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Metodille <code class=\"language-text\">remove</code> annetaan indeksin sijasta poistettavan alkion arvo. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 3, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodi poistaa listalta <em>ensimmäisen</em> alkion, jolla on annettu arvo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 1, 2]\n[2, 2]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lisäys ja poisto' tmcname='osa04-07c_lisays_ja_poisto'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää valitsemaan alkion lisäyksen tai poiston. Sekä lisäys että poisto tehdään listan loppuun. Lisättävän alkion arvo on aina yhtä suurempi kuin listan viimeinen alkio (tai 1, jos listassa ei ole alkioita).</p><p>Joka operaation välissä lista tulostetaan. Katso esimerkkiä seuraavasta tulosteesta:</p><sample-output><p>Lista on nyt []\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2, 3]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>p</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2, 3]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>x</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että listalta ei yritetä poistaa alkioita, jos lista on tyhjä.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><p>Jos listalla ei ole poistettavaa alkiota, seuraa virhe. Merkkijonoista tutulla tavalla alkion olemassaolon listalla voi testata <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattorin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listalla on alkio 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"listalla on alkio 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Listalla on alkio 1</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Sama sana kahdesti' tmcname='osa04-08_sama_sana_kahdesti'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä sanoja. Kun käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sanan kahdesti, ohjelma tulostaa eri sanojen määrän ja lopettaa toimintansa.</p><sample-output><p>sana: <strong>olipa</strong>\nsana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nsana: <strong>kauan</strong>\nsana: <strong>sitten</strong>\nsana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nAnnoit 4 eri sanaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"listan-jarjestaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan järjestäminen<a href=\"#listan-jarjestaminen\" aria-label=\"listan jarjestaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot voidaan <em>järjestää</em> pienimmästä suurimpaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Toinen tapa on käyttää funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code>, joka <em>palauttaa</em> järjestetyn listan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa ero näissä tavoissa: <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> muuttaa listan sisällön järjestetyksi, kun taas <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> luo uuden järjestetyn listan. Jälkimmäisessä tavassa voimme säilyttää myös listan alkuperäisen järjestyksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alkuperainen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\njarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkuperainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkuperainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 5, 1, 2, 4]\n[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lista kahdesti' tmcname='osa04-08b_lista_kahdesti'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukuja ja lisää niitä listaan. Lista tulostetaan jokaisen luvun lisäyksen jälkeen kahdella eri tavalla:</p><ul>\n<li>alkiot lisäysjärjestyksessä ja</li>\n<li>järjestettynä pienimmästä suurimpaan alkioon</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä syöttää luvun 0.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLista: [3]\nJärjestettynä: [3]\nAnna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLista: [3, 1]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3]\nAnna luku: <strong>9</strong>\nLista: [3, 1, 9]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3, 9]\nAnna luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLista: [3, 1, 9, 5]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3, 5, 9]\nAnna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"suurin-pienin-ja-summa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suurin, pienin ja summa<a href=\"#suurin-pienin-ja-summa\" aria-label=\"suurin pienin ja summa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">max</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">min</code> antavat listan suurimman ja pienimmän alkion.\nFunktio <code class=\"language-text\">sum</code> puolestaan laskee listan alkioiden summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsuurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npienin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pienin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin: 1\nSuurin: 5\nSumma: 15</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"metodit-vs-funktiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodit vs. funktiot<a href=\"#metodit-vs-funktiot\" aria-label=\"metodit vs funktiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on ehkä hieman hämmentävästi käytössä kaksi eri tapaa listojen käsittelyyn.</p><p>Suurin osa käsittelystä tapahtuu <em>metodien</em> avulla. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">append</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> ovat metodeja, joita kutsutaan listamuuttujan kautta pistenotaatiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># metodikutsuja</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># metodikutsu</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sen sijaan esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">max</code>,  <code class=\"language-text\">min</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> ovat <em>funktioita</em>, joille lista annetaan parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiokutsuissa lista on parametrina</span>\nsuurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npienin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pienin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listan pituus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiokutsu: lista on parametrina, järjestetty lista paluuarvona</span>\njarjestyksessa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestyksessa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin: 1\nSuurin: 7\nListan pituus: 4\n[1, 2, 3, 7]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lista-funktion-parametrina-ja-paluuarvona\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona<a href=\"#lista-funktion-parametrina-ja-paluuarvona\" aria-label=\"lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Itse tekemiemme funktioiden parametreina voi olla myös listoja. Seuraavassa on funktio, joka selvittää parametrina listan <em>mediaanin</em> eli keskimmäisen alkion järjestetyssä listassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">mediaani</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    keskikohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">//</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keskikohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio selvittää mediaanin tekemällä parametrinaan saamasta listasta järjestetyn version ja palauttamalla sen keskimmäisen alkion. Huomaa, että käytössä on kokonaislukujakolasku <code class=\"language-text\">//</code>, koska listan indeksin tulee olla kokonaisluku.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kengannumerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">36</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumeroiden mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\niat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">56</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">34</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">77</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikien mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>iat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kengännumeroiden mediaani on 40\nIkien mediaani on 22</p></sample-output><p>Funktio voi myös palauttaa listan. Seuraavassa on funktio, joka palauttaa listan käyttäjän syöttämiä kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_luvut</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut</code></pre></div><p>Funktio käyttää lista-tyyppistä apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code>, johon se lisää kaikki käyttäjän antamat luvut. Silmukan jälkeen funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komennon avulla listan <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code>.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin luku on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>-22</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>35</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>1</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa):\nSuurin luku on 35\nLukujen mediaani on 4</p></sample-output><p>Pieni esimerkkiohjelmamme demonstroi jo yhtä funktioiden tärkeimmistä käyttötarkoituksista: niiden avulla ohjelma saadaan jaettua loogisiin selkeästi ymmärrettäviin kokonaisuuksiin.</p><p>Sinänsä sama ohjelma olisi voitu tehdä myös ilman funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\njarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskikohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">//</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\nmediaani <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keskikohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin luku on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt kuitenkin ohjelman logiikan seuraaminen on vaikeampaa, koska ei ole enää yhtä selvää, mitkä komennot liittyvät minkäkin kokonaisuuden (syötteiden lukeminen, mediaanin laskeminen, ohjelman muu toiminta) toteuttamiseen.</p><p>Jako funktioiksi siis selkeyttää koodin rakennetta ja tuo esille loogisia kokonaisuuksia. Tämän ansiosta on myös helpompaa varmistaa, että ohjelma toimii halutulla tavalla, koska voimme testata erikseen tiettyä funktiota (esim. toimiiko funktio <code class=\"language-text\">mediaani</code> oikein).</p><p>Ohjelman rakenteen loogisen jakamisen lisäksi funktioiden toinen käyttötarkoitus on koodin <em>uusiokäyttö</em>. Jos ohjelmassa on tarvetta tehdä samankaltainen operaatio useaan kertaan, kannattaa sitä varten luoda oma selkeästi nimetty funktio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumerot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Painot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npainot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pituudet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Listan pituus' tmcname='osa04-09_listan_pituus'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa listan pituuden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että voit kutsua funktiota myös antamalla listan suoraan funktion parametriksi</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 5\nvastaus 4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Keskiarvo' tmcname='osa04-10_keskiarvo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan alkioiden keskiarvon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 3.0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vaihteluväli' tmcname='osa04-11_vaihteluvali'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaihteluvali</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan vaihteluvälin (eli suurimman ja pienimmän alkion erotuksen).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vaihteluvali<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lisaa-listan-kasittelysta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää listan käsittelystä<a href=\"#lisaa-listan-kasittelysta\" aria-label=\"lisaa listan kasittelysta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on paljon muitakin mahdollisuuksia listan käsittelyyn. Voit tutustua niihin Pythonin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dokumentaation</a> kautta.</p><div><quiz id=\"7e6bcb22-cfcc-5908-a370-b69d792e4fe1\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/3-listat","title":"Listat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/3-listat.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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erotuksen)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nvastaus "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" vaihteluvali"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"vastaus\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" vastaus"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vastaus 4"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"lisaa-listan-kasittelysta","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lisää listan käsittelystä"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#lisaa-listan-kasittelysta","ariaLabel":"lisaa listan kasittelysta permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonissa on paljon muitakin mahdollisuuksia listan käsittelyyn. Voit tutustua niihin Pythonin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dokumentaation"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kautta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"7e6bcb22-cfcc-5908-a370-b69d792e4fe1"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä lista tarkoittaa ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Osaat viitata listan yksittäisiin alkioihin</li>\n<li>Osaat lisätä ja poistaa listan alkioita</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää valmiita funktioita ja metodeita listojen käsittelyyn</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän asti olemme tallentaneet ohjelmissa käytettävää tietoa muuttujien avulla. Yksittäisillä muuttujilla on kuitenkin rajoituksensa. Jos ohjelman käsittelemä tiedon määrä on vaihteleva ja saattaa olla suuri, olisi vaivalloista määritellä jokaiselle arvolle erillinen muuttuja.</p><p><em>Lista</em> on kokoelma tietoa, johon viitataan yhteisen nimen kautta. Listan sisältö kirjoitetaan hakasulkeiden sisään, ja jokaista listalla olevaa arvoa kutsutaan <em>alkioksi</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo uuden tyhjän listan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan luo listan, jossa on valmiina viisi alkiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"listan-alkioihin-viittaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan alkioihin viittaaminen<a href=\"#listan-alkioihin-viittaaminen\" aria-label=\"listan alkioihin viittaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot on indeksoitu samalla tavalla kuin merkkijonon yksittäiset merkit. Tässäkin tapauksessa indeksointi alkaa nollasta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 581px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.08695652173913%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAYAAABFA8wzAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAvUlEQVQY031QWQqEMBTr/a/jWQQFFxRBtIL7vkQS6DDzM4WQvjRN36tZlgVt22IcR5zniXmesW0b1nUV9n3HcRwfjfW/Zb4LmnnpeR7c9y12e4LL6eTrurRnI87zE1jXNZIkkYkd0UiwQz7GADI19zhDOCVr3jMccZomgWMT1lqZhmEQ86zve32Hq93X0N91nYJ934cpyxJFUUhsmkZh7DLLMoRhiDRNEUURgiCQTsRxLM7zXGcMqqoKnufhBUAvgMcmbGmAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/a0b58/4_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/bc10c/4_2_1.webp 460w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/39daa/4_2_1.webp 581w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/81c8e/4_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/08a84/4_2_1.png 460w,\n/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png 581w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/0c718cff85e5c83bbec15a7ce1a29896/92d15/4_2_1.png\" alt=\"Lista indeksoidaan nollasta alkaen\" title=\"Lista indeksoidaan nollasta alkaen\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yksittäiseen listan alkioon voidaan viitata samalla tavalla kuin merkkijonon yksittäisiin merkkeihin hakasulkujen avulla. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kahden ekan summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>7\n2\n5\nKahden ekan summa: 9</p></sample-output><p>Voimme tulostaa listan koko sisällön näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[7, 2, 2, 5, 2]</p></sample-output><p>Listan alkioita voidaan myös muuttaa. Alkion arvon muuttaminen tapahtuu sijoittamalla uusi arvo vanhan paikalle – siis samalla tavalla kuin muuttujia käytettäessä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[7, 2, 2, 5, 2]\n[7, 3, 2, 5, 2]</p></sample-output><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> antaa listan alkioiden määrän:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden arvojen muutokset' tmcname='osa04-07a_alkioiden_arvojen_muutokset'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka alustaa listan jossa on arvot <code class=\"language-text\">[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</code>. Tämän jälkeen ohjelma kysyy käyttäjältä alkion indeksin ja uuden arvon, vaihtaa kyseisen alkion arvon ja tulostaa listan uudelleen. Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, jos käyttäjä antaa alkion indeksiksi -1.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna indeksi: <strong>0</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>10</strong>\n[10, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>250</strong>\n[10, 2, 250, 4, 5]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>4</strong>\nAnna arvo: <strong>-45</strong>\n[10, 2, 250, 4, -45]\nAnna indeksi: <strong>-1</strong></p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkioiden lisääminen ja poistaminen<a href=\"#alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\" aria-label=\"alkioiden lisaaminen ja poistaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan loppuun voidaan lisätä uusia alkioita <code class=\"language-text\">append</code>-metodin avulla. Metodia käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[5, 10, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä ohjelman käytössä on kaksi erillistä listaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkengannumerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">37</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">28</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumerot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäys menee siis siihen listaan, mihin metodikutsu kohdistetaan:</p><sample-output><p>Luvut:\n[5, 10, 3]\nKengännumerot:\n[37, 44, 40, 28]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden lisäys listaan' tmcname='osa04-07b_alkoiden_lisays_listaan'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä ensin lukujen määrän. Sen jälkeen ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään annetun määrän lukuja yksitellen ja lisää ne listaan samassa järjestyksessä.</p><p>Lopuksi lista tulostetaan.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Kuinka monta lukua: <strong>3</strong>\nAnna luku 1: <strong>10</strong>\nAnna luku 2: <strong>250</strong>\nAnna luku 3: <strong>34</strong>\n[10, 250, 34]</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><p>Mikäli halutaan lisätä alkio johonkin muualle kuin listan loppuun, voidaan käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">insert</code>-metodia. Metodi lisää alkion halutun indeksin paikalle. Kaikkia listalla valmiina olevia alkioita lisäyspaikasta alkaen siirretään yhdellä askeleella eteenpäin:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 632px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 65.21739130434783%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/a0b58/4_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/bc10c/4_2_2.webp 460w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/59680/4_2_2.webp 632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/81c8e/4_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/08a84/4_2_2.png 460w,\n/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png 632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/fbc699b555a562e011de8d156d23ff29/084e2/4_2_2.png\" alt=\"Alkion lisäys listaan\" title=\"Alkion lisäys listaan\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>insert<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[10, 1, 20, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Alkioita voidaan poistaa listasta kahden eri lähtökohdan mukaisesti:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos tiedetään, <em>missä</em> poistettava alkio sijaitsee, voidaan käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>.</li>\n<li>Jos tiedetään, <em>mikä</em> poistettavan alkion arvo on, käytetään metodia <code class=\"language-text\">remove</code>.</li>\n</ul><p>Metodille <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> annetaan poistettavan alkion indeksi. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi poistaa listalta alkiot kohdista 2 ja 3. Huomaa, että alkioiden indeksit muuttuvat poiston jälkeen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 2, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> myös <em>palauttaa</em> poistetun listan alkion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>7\n[4, 2, 2, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Metodille <code class=\"language-text\">remove</code> annetaan indeksin sijasta poistettavan alkion arvo. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n[1, 3, 4, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodi poistaa listalta <em>ensimmäisen</em> alkion, jolla on annettu arvo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 1, 2]\n[2, 2]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lisäys ja poisto' tmcname='osa04-07c_lisays_ja_poisto'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää valitsemaan alkion lisäyksen tai poiston. Sekä lisäys että poisto tehdään listan loppuun. Lisättävän alkion arvo on aina yhtä suurempi kuin listan viimeinen alkio (tai 1, jos listassa ei ole alkioita).</p><p>Joka operaation välissä lista tulostetaan. Katso esimerkkiä seuraavasta tulosteesta:</p><sample-output><p>Lista on nyt []\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2, 3]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>p</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>l</strong>\nLista on nyt [1, 2, 3]\n(l)isää, (p)oista vai e(x)it: <strong>x</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että listalta ei yritetä poistaa alkioita, jos lista on tyhjä.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><p>Jos listalla ei ole poistettavaa alkiota, seuraa virhe. Merkkijonoista tutulla tavalla alkion olemassaolon listalla voi testata <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattorin avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listalla on alkio 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"listalla on alkio 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Listalla on alkio 1</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Sama sana kahdesti' tmcname='osa04-08_sama_sana_kahdesti'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä sanoja. Kun käyttäjä syöttää jonkin sanan kahdesti, ohjelma tulostaa eri sanojen määrän ja lopettaa toimintansa.</p><sample-output><p>sana: <strong>olipa</strong>\nsana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nsana: <strong>kauan</strong>\nsana: <strong>sitten</strong>\nsana: <strong>kerran</strong>\nAnnoit 4 eri sanaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"listan-jarjestaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan järjestäminen<a href=\"#listan-jarjestaminen\" aria-label=\"listan jarjestaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot voidaan <em>järjestää</em> pienimmästä suurimpaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Toinen tapa on käyttää funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code>, joka <em>palauttaa</em> järjestetyn listan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa ero näissä tavoissa: <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> muuttaa listan sisällön järjestetyksi, kun taas <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> luo uuden järjestetyn listan. Jälkimmäisessä tavassa voimme säilyttää myös listan alkuperäisen järjestyksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">alkuperainen <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\njarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkuperainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkuperainen<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 5, 1, 2, 4]\n[1, 2, 2, 4, 5]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lista kahdesti' tmcname='osa04-08b_lista_kahdesti'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjältä lukuja ja lisää niitä listaan. Lista tulostetaan jokaisen luvun lisäyksen jälkeen kahdella eri tavalla:</p><ul>\n<li>alkiot lisäysjärjestyksessä ja</li>\n<li>järjestettynä pienimmästä suurimpaan alkioon</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelman suoritus päättyy, kun käyttäjä syöttää luvun 0.</p><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>3</strong>\nLista: [3]\nJärjestettynä: [3]\nAnna luku: <strong>1</strong>\nLista: [3, 1]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3]\nAnna luku: <strong>9</strong>\nLista: [3, 1, 9]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3, 9]\nAnna luku: <strong>5</strong>\nLista: [3, 1, 9, 5]\nJärjestettynä: [1, 3, 5, 9]\nAnna luku: <strong>0</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"suurin-pienin-ja-summa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Suurin, pienin ja summa<a href=\"#suurin-pienin-ja-summa\" aria-label=\"suurin pienin ja summa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">max</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">min</code> antavat listan suurimman ja pienimmän alkion.\nFunktio <code class=\"language-text\">sum</code> puolestaan laskee listan alkioiden summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsuurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npienin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pienin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin: 1\nSuurin: 5\nSumma: 15</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"metodit-vs-funktiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodit vs. funktiot<a href=\"#metodit-vs-funktiot\" aria-label=\"metodit vs funktiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on ehkä hieman hämmentävästi käytössä kaksi eri tapaa listojen käsittelyyn.</p><p>Suurin osa käsittelystä tapahtuu <em>metodien</em> avulla. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">append</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code> ovat metodeja, joita kutsutaan listamuuttujan kautta pistenotaatiolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># metodikutsuja</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># metodikutsu</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sen sijaan esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">max</code>,  <code class=\"language-text\">min</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> ovat <em>funktioita</em>, joille lista annetaan parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiokutsuissa lista on parametrina</span>\nsuurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npienin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pienin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listan pituus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiokutsu: lista on parametrina, järjestetty lista paluuarvona</span>\njarjestyksessa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestyksessa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin: 1\nSuurin: 7\nListan pituus: 4\n[1, 2, 3, 7]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lista-funktion-parametrina-ja-paluuarvona\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona<a href=\"#lista-funktion-parametrina-ja-paluuarvona\" aria-label=\"lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Itse tekemiemme funktioiden parametreina voi olla myös listoja. Seuraavassa on funktio, joka selvittää parametrina listan <em>mediaanin</em> eli keskimmäisen alkion järjestetyssä listassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">mediaani</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    keskikohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">//</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keskikohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio selvittää mediaanin tekemällä parametrinaan saamasta listasta järjestetyn version ja palauttamalla sen keskimmäisen alkion. Huomaa, että käytössä on kokonaislukujakolasku <code class=\"language-text\">//</code>, koska listan indeksin tulee olla kokonaisluku.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kengannumerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">36</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumeroiden mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kengannumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\niat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">56</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">34</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">77</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikien mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>iat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kengännumeroiden mediaani on 40\nIkien mediaani on 22</p></sample-output><p>Funktio voi myös palauttaa listan. Seuraavassa on funktio, joka palauttaa listan käyttäjän syöttämiä kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_luvut</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut</code></pre></div><p>Funktio käyttää lista-tyyppistä apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code>, johon se lisää kaikki käyttäjän antamat luvut. Silmukan jälkeen funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komennon avulla listan <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code>.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin luku on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>5</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>-22</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>4</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>35</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): <strong>1</strong>\nAnna luku (tyhjä lopettaa):\nSuurin luku on 35\nLukujen mediaani on 4</p></sample-output><p>Pieni esimerkkiohjelmamme demonstroi jo yhtä funktioiden tärkeimmistä käyttötarkoituksista: niiden avulla ohjelma saadaan jaettua loogisiin selkeästi ymmärrettäviin kokonaisuuksiin.</p><p>Sinänsä sama ohjelma olisi voitu tehdä myös ilman funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku (tyhjä lopettaa): \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n    luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\njarjestetty <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskikohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">//</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\nmediaani <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> jarjestetty<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>keskikohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suurin luku on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen mediaani on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> mediaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt kuitenkin ohjelman logiikan seuraaminen on vaikeampaa, koska ei ole enää yhtä selvää, mitkä komennot liittyvät minkäkin kokonaisuuden (syötteiden lukeminen, mediaanin laskeminen, ohjelman muu toiminta) toteuttamiseen.</p><p>Jako funktioiksi siis selkeyttää koodin rakennetta ja tuo esille loogisia kokonaisuuksia. Tämän ansiosta on myös helpompaa varmistaa, että ohjelma toimii halutulla tavalla, koska voimme testata erikseen tiettyä funktiota (esim. toimiiko funktio <code class=\"language-text\">mediaani</code> oikein).</p><p>Ohjelman rakenteen loogisen jakamisen lisäksi funktioiden toinen käyttötarkoitus on koodin <em>uusiokäyttö</em>. Jos ohjelmassa on tarvetta tehdä samankaltainen operaatio useaan kertaan, kannattaa sitä varten luoda oma selkeästi nimetty funktio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kengännumerot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkengat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Painot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npainot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pituudet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npituudet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Listan pituus' tmcname='osa04-09_listan_pituus'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa listan pituuden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että voit kutsua funktiota myös antamalla listan suoraan funktion parametriksi</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 5\nvastaus 4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Keskiarvo' tmcname='osa04-10_keskiarvo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan alkioiden keskiarvon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 3.0</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vaihteluväli' tmcname='osa04-11_vaihteluvali'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaihteluvali</code>, joka palauttaa parametrinaan saamansa kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan vaihteluvälin (eli suurimman ja pienimmän alkion erotuksen).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vaihteluvali<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lisaa-listan-kasittelysta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää listan käsittelystä<a href=\"#lisaa-listan-kasittelysta\" aria-label=\"lisaa listan kasittelysta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa on paljon muitakin mahdollisuuksia listan käsittelyyn. 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Funktio palauttaa listan, joka sisältää parametrina annetun listan pisimmän merkkijonon. Jos pisimpiä merkkijonoja on useampia, funktio palauttaa ne kaikki listassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Merkkijonojen järjestyksen tuloslistassa tulee noudattaa merkkijonojen järjestystä alkuperäisessä listassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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'juhani']"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"35160dc1-19b5-51e4-b779-5299765ff2f2"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan iteroinnilla</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka toimii</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa listojen ja merkkijonojen läpikäyntiin</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Voimme käydä listan alkiot läpi <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukalla samaan tapaan kuin olemme aiemmin käyneet läpi merkkijonon merkkejä. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa kaikki listan alkiot omille riveilleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n2\n4\n5\n2</p></sample-output><p>Tämä on kuitenkin melko vaivalloinen tapa, sillä joudumme käyttämään indeksimuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">kohta</code>, joka \"muistaa\", missä kohtaa listaa ollaan menossa. Nyt on aika opetella parempi tapa listan, merkkijonon tai muun vastaavan rakenteen läpikäyntiin.</p><h2 id=\"for-silmukka\" style=\"position:relative;\">for-silmukka<a href=\"#for-silmukka\" aria-label=\"for silmukka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka käy läpi annetun rakenteen sisällön. Esimerkiksi voimme käydä läpi kaikki listalla olevat alkiot vasemmalta oikealle. Ohjelmoinnissa tällaista läpikäyntiä kutsutaan myös nimellä <em>iterointi</em>.</p><p>Ideana on, että <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka poimii yksi kerrallaan kunkin alkion ja suorittaa kaikille saman operaation. Näin ohjelmoijan ei tarvitse itse huolehtia, mistä kohdasta alkio haetaan missäkin vaiheessa. Silmukan syntaksi on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>muuttuja<span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>rakenne<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>lohko<span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Kun <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka käy listan läpi, se poimii vuorollaan kunkin alkion, sijoittaa sen muuttujaan ja suorittaa lohkon. Kun silmukka on käynyt kaikki alkiot läpi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 327px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 214.3478260869565%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/a0b58/4_3_1.webp 230w,\n/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/e25e9/4_3_1.webp 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/81c8e/4_3_1.png 230w,\n/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\" title=\"Listan iterointi\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa listan kaikki alkiot <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n2\n4\n5\n2</p></sample-output><p>Jos verrataan tätä edelliseen esimerkkiin, huomataan, että <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka selkeyttää suoraviivaista listan alkioiden läpikäyntiä huomattavasti.</p><p>Voimme käydä samalla idealla läpi myös merkkijonon merkit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\nP\ne\nk\nk\na</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Tulostus tähdillä' tmcname='osa04-11a_tulostus_tahdilla'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten merkkijonon kirjaimet yksitellen allekkain.</p><p>Jokaisen kirjaimen jälkeen tulostetaan lisäksi tähti (*) omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Python</strong>\nP\n*\ny\n*\nt\n*\nh\n*\no\n*\nn\n*</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktio-range\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code><a href=\"#funktio-range\" aria-label=\"funktio range permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukkaa tarvitaan usein myös siihen, että haluamme toistaa jonkin asian tietyn määrän kertoja tai käydä läpi tietyn lukuvälin (esimerkiksi kaikki luvut väliltä 1–100). Myös tämä onnistuu kätevästi <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla funktion <code class=\"language-text\">range</code> avulla.</p><p>Voimme kutsua <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktiota monella tavalla. Yksinkertaisin tapa on <code class=\"language-text\">range(n)</code>, jolloin silmukka käy läpi kokonaisluvut 0:sta lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">n</code>–1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Kun annamme kaksi parametria, <code class=\"language-text\">range(a, b)</code> aloittaa luvusta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja lopettaa lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>–1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n4\n5\n6</p></sample-output><p>Kun annamme kolme parametria, <code class=\"language-text\">range(a, b, c)</code> aloittaa luvusta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>, lopettaa lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>–1 ja muuttaa lukua <code class=\"language-text\">c</code>:llä joka askeleella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n3\n5\n7</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös antaa negatiivisen askeleen, jolloin luvut käydään läpi käänteisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>6\n5\n4\n3</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Negatiivisesta positiiviseen' tmcname='osa04-11b_negatiivisesta_positiiviseen'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä positiivisen kokonaisluvun N. Ohjelma tulostaa sen jälkeen luvut väliltä -N...N <em>nollaa lukuunottamatta</em>. Jokainen luku tulostetaan omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n-4\n-3\n-2\n-1\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lukuvali-listaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukuväli listaksi<a href=\"#lukuvali-listaksi\" aria-label=\"lukuvali listaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code> palauttaa lukuvälin, joka voidaan käydä läpi listan kaltaisesti mutta joka ei kuitenkaan ole lista. Tämän näkee siitä, että jos tulostamme funktion palauttaman arvon, näemme vain kuvauksen lukuvälistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>range(2, 7)</p></sample-output><p>Tutustumme asiaan tarkemmin Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla, mutta on hyvä tietää, että voimme muuttaa lukuvälin listaksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>. Tällöin listaan tulevat kaikki lukuväliin kuuluvat arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muistutus-tehtavien-funktioita-testaavasta-omasta-koodista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muistutus tehtävien funktioita testaavasta omasta koodista<a href=\"#muistutus-tehtavien-funktioita-testaavasta-omasta-koodista\" aria-label=\"muistutus tehtavien funktioita testaavasta omasta koodista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiotehtävien tehtäväpohjat ovat tähän asti näyttäneet seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tee ratkaisu tänne</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiota kannattaa testata kutsumalla sitä täällä seuraavasti</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran kauan sitten ohjelmoija\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä eteenpäin muistutusta siitä, että testikoodi on sijoitettava <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkoon, jota ei tehtäväpohjissa enää ole. Testit kuitenkin vaativat lohkon edelleen, eli joudut lisäämään sen itse.</p><p><strong>Huomaa kuitenkin</strong>, että jotkut tehtävät, esim. hetken kuluttua vuorossa oleva <em>Palindromit</em>, edellyttävät funktioiden lisäksi myös funktiota kutsuvaa koodia. Tätä koodia <em>ei tule</em> sijoittaa  <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkon sisälle. Testit eivät nimittäin suorita mitään kyseisen lohkon koodista.</p><programming-exercise name='Tähdet' tmcname='osa04-12_tahdet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lista_tahtina</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio tulostaa joukon tähtirivejä siten, että listalla olevat luvut kertovat kunkin rivin tähtimäärän.</p><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">lista_tahtina([3, 7, 1, 1, 2])</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\n***\n*******\n*\n*\n**\n</pre></sample-output><!-- **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. Siirrossa saattaa kestää hetken, joten odotathan operaation päättymistä.\n\n<img src=\"4_3_3.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nOngelmaan pyritään saamaan parempi ratkaisu lähipäivinä. --></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Anagrammi' tmcname='osa04-13_anagrammi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">anagrammi</code> joka saa parametriksi kaksi merkkijonoa. Funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijonot ovat anagrammeja eli ne muodostuvat täsmälleen samoista kirjaimista.</p><p>Esimerkiksi funktiota voisi käyttää näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tola\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lato\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tammi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mitta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span></code></pre></div><p>Vihje: funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> toimii myös merkkijonoille.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Palindromit' tmcname='osa04-14_palindromit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">palindromi</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon ja palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijono on palindromi (eli samansisältöinen luettuna alusta loppuun tai lopusta alkuun).</p><p>Tee myös funktiota hyödyntävä pääohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä sanoja niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää palindromin:</p><sample-output><p>Anna palindromi: <strong>python</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>java</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>kauppias</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>saippuakauppias</strong>\nsaippuakauppias on palindromi!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että pääohjelmaa <strong>ei tule kirjoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\":</code>-lohkon sisälle</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Positiivisten summa' tmcname='osa04-15_positiivisten_summa'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">positiivisten_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listan positiivisten lukujen summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> positiivisten_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 9</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Kertaa nyt tarvittaessa <a href=\"/osa-4/3-listat\">edellisen osion</a> luku <em>Lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona</em>!</p><programming-exercise name='Parilliset' tmcname='osa04-16_parilliset'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">parilliset</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jolla on parametrina olevan listan sisältämät parilliset luvut.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nuusi_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkuperäinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alkuperäinen [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nuusi [2, 4]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Summalista' tmcname='osa04-17_summalista'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi kaksi kokonaislukuja sisältävää listaa. Molemmissa listoissa on sama määrä alkioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jonka alkiot muodostuvat parametreina olevien listojen alkioiden summista.</p><p>Esim:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># [8, 10, 12]</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Uniikit' tmcname='osa04-18_uniikit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uniikit</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, joka sisältää parametrina annetun listan luvut suuruusjärjestyksessä siten, että jokainen luku on listalla vain kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uniikit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># [1, 2, 3]</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"parhaan-tai-huonoimman-etsiminen-listalta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parhaan tai huonoimman etsiminen listalta<a href=\"#parhaan-tai-huonoimman-etsiminen-listalta\" aria-label=\"parhaan tai huonoimman etsiminen listalta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelmoinnissa tulee usein esiin tilanne, missä listalta on löydettävä jonkin kriteerin mukaan paras tai huonoin alkio. Ratkaisu onnistuu käyttämällä sopivaa apumuuttujaa, jonka avulla voidaan \"muistaa\" läpikäynnin aikana siihen mennessä löytynyt paras alkio. Tätä muistettavaa alkiota verrataan sitten yksi kerrallaan jokaiseen vastaantulevaan alkioon, ja lopulta on tiedossa koko listan paras.</p><p>Algoritmin \"luonnos\" on seuraavassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkuarvo <span class=\"token comment\"># sopiva alkuarvo riippuu tilanteesta</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio parempi kuin paras<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkio\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># paras on nyt tiedossa!</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin yksityiskohdat riippuvat siitä minkä tyyppisiä alkioita listalla on ja mikä parhauden/huonouden vertailukriteeri on käytössä. Joissain tilanteissa myös apumuuttujia saatetaan tarvita useampia.</p><p>Harjoitellaan hieman tämän ratkaisumenetelmän käyttöä.</p><programming-exercise name='Listan pisimmän pituus' tmcname='osa04-18a_listan_pimman_pituus'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisimman_pituus</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa tiedon mikä on listan pisimmän merkkijonon pituus.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>9\n6</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Listan lyhin' tmcname='osa04-18b_listan_lyhin'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lyhin</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa listan lyhimmän merkkijonon. Jos samanpituisia on useita (testeissä näin ei ole), voi funktio palauttaa niistä minkä vaan. Funktio voi olettaa että listalla ei ole tyhjiä eli nollan pituisia merkkijonoja.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"johanna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eka\neero</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Listan pisimmät' tmcname='osa04-19_listan_pisimmat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisimmat</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka sisältää parametrina annetun listan pisimmän merkkijonon. Jos pisimpiä merkkijonoja on useampia, funktio palauttaa ne kaikki listassa.</p><p>Merkkijonojen järjestyksen tuloslistassa tulee noudattaa merkkijonojen järjestystä alkuperäisessä listassa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ['seitsemäs']</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ['emilia', 'juhani']</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"35160dc1-19b5-51e4-b779-5299765ff2f2\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/4-silmukat-ja-iterointi","title":"Silmukat ja iterointi"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/4-silmukat-ja-iterointi.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Jos pisimpiä merkkijonoja on useampia, funktio palauttaa ne kaikki listassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Merkkijonojen järjestyksen tuloslistassa tulee noudattaa merkkijonojen järjestystä alkuperäisessä listassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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'juhani']"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"35160dc1-19b5-51e4-b779-5299765ff2f2"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan iteroinnilla</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka toimii</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa listojen ja merkkijonojen läpikäyntiin</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Voimme käydä listan alkiot läpi <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukalla samaan tapaan kuin olemme aiemmin käyneet läpi merkkijonon merkkejä. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma tulostaa kaikki listan alkiot omille riveilleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkohta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> kohta <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>kohta<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kohta <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n2\n4\n5\n2</p></sample-output><p>Tämä on kuitenkin melko vaivalloinen tapa, sillä joudumme käyttämään indeksimuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">kohta</code>, joka \"muistaa\", missä kohtaa listaa ollaan menossa. Nyt on aika opetella parempi tapa listan, merkkijonon tai muun vastaavan rakenteen läpikäyntiin.</p><h2 id=\"for-silmukka\" style=\"position:relative;\">for-silmukka<a href=\"#for-silmukka\" aria-label=\"for silmukka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka käy läpi annetun rakenteen sisällön. Esimerkiksi voimme käydä läpi kaikki listalla olevat alkiot vasemmalta oikealle. Ohjelmoinnissa tällaista läpikäyntiä kutsutaan myös nimellä <em>iterointi</em>.</p><p>Ideana on, että <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka poimii yksi kerrallaan kunkin alkion ja suorittaa kaikille saman operaation. Näin ohjelmoijan ei tarvitse itse huolehtia, mistä kohdasta alkio haetaan missäkin vaiheessa. Silmukan syntaksi on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>muuttuja<span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>rakenne<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>lohko<span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Kun <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka käy listan läpi, se poimii vuorollaan kunkin alkion, sijoittaa sen muuttujaan ja suorittaa lohkon. Kun silmukka on käynyt kaikki alkiot läpi, ohjelman suoritus jatkuu silmukan jälkeiseltä riviltä.</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 327px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 214.3478260869565%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/a0b58/4_3_1.webp 230w,\n/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/e25e9/4_3_1.webp 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/81c8e/4_3_1.png 230w,\n/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png 327w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d00a7a558297b987a466855819434573/00e65/4_3_1.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\" title=\"Listan iterointi\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Seuraava ohjelma tulostaa listan kaikki alkiot <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n2\n4\n5\n2</p></sample-output><p>Jos verrataan tätä edelliseen esimerkkiin, huomataan, että <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukka selkeyttää suoraviivaista listan alkioiden läpikäyntiä huomattavasti.</p><p>Voimme käydä samalla idealla läpi myös merkkijonon merkit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna nimesi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna nimesi: <strong>Pekka</strong>\nP\ne\nk\nk\na</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Tulostus tähdillä' tmcname='osa04-11a_tulostus_tahdilla'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää syöttämään merkkijonon ja tulostaa sitten merkkijonon kirjaimet yksitellen allekkain.</p><p>Jokaisen kirjaimen jälkeen tulostetaan lisäksi tähti (*) omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><sample-output><p>Anna merkkijono: <strong>Python</strong>\nP\n*\ny\n*\nt\n*\nh\n*\no\n*\nn\n*</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktio-range\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code><a href=\"#funktio-range\" aria-label=\"funktio range permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Silmukkaa tarvitaan usein myös siihen, että haluamme toistaa jonkin asian tietyn määrän kertoja tai käydä läpi tietyn lukuvälin (esimerkiksi kaikki luvut väliltä 1–100). Myös tämä onnistuu kätevästi <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla funktion <code class=\"language-text\">range</code> avulla.</p><p>Voimme kutsua <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktiota monella tavalla. Yksinkertaisin tapa on <code class=\"language-text\">range(n)</code>, jolloin silmukka käy läpi kokonaisluvut 0:sta lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">n</code>–1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p>Kun annamme kaksi parametria, <code class=\"language-text\">range(a, b)</code> aloittaa luvusta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> ja lopettaa lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>–1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n4\n5\n6</p></sample-output><p>Kun annamme kolme parametria, <code class=\"language-text\">range(a, b, c)</code> aloittaa luvusta <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>, lopettaa lukuun <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>–1 ja muuttaa lukua <code class=\"language-text\">c</code>:llä joka askeleella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n3\n5\n7</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös antaa negatiivisen askeleen, jolloin luvut käydään läpi käänteisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>6\n5\n4\n3</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Negatiivisesta positiiviseen' tmcname='osa04-11b_negatiivisesta_positiiviseen'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka lukee käyttäjältä positiivisen kokonaisluvun N. Ohjelma tulostaa sen jälkeen luvut väliltä -N...N <em>nollaa lukuunottamatta</em>. Jokainen luku tulostetaan omalle rivilleen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>4</strong>\n-4\n-3\n-2\n-1\n1\n2\n3\n4</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"lukuvali-listaksi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukuväli listaksi<a href=\"#lukuvali-listaksi\" aria-label=\"lukuvali listaksi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code> palauttaa lukuvälin, joka voidaan käydä läpi listan kaltaisesti mutta joka ei kuitenkaan ole lista. Tämän näkee siitä, että jos tulostamme funktion palauttaman arvon, näemme vain kuvauksen lukuvälistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>range(2, 7)</p></sample-output><p>Tutustumme asiaan tarkemmin Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla, mutta on hyvä tietää, että voimme muuttaa lukuvälin listaksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">list</code>. Tällöin listaan tulevat kaikki lukuväliin kuuluvat arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muistutus-tehtavien-funktioita-testaavasta-omasta-koodista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muistutus tehtävien funktioita testaavasta omasta koodista<a href=\"#muistutus-tehtavien-funktioita-testaavasta-omasta-koodista\" aria-label=\"muistutus tehtavien funktioita testaavasta omasta koodista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiotehtävien tehtäväpohjat ovat tähän asti näyttäneet seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tee ratkaisu tänne</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktiota kannattaa testata kutsumalla sitä täällä seuraavasti</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olipa kerran kauan sitten ohjelmoija\"</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä eteenpäin muistutusta siitä, että testikoodi on sijoitettava <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkoon, jota ei tehtäväpohjissa enää ole. Testit kuitenkin vaativat lohkon edelleen, eli joudut lisäämään sen itse.</p><p><strong>Huomaa kuitenkin</strong>, että jotkut tehtävät, esim. hetken kuluttua vuorossa oleva <em>Palindromit</em>, edellyttävät funktioiden lisäksi myös funktiota kutsuvaa koodia. Tätä koodia <em>ei tule</em> sijoittaa  <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code> -lohkon sisälle. Testit eivät nimittäin suorita mitään kyseisen lohkon koodista.</p><programming-exercise name='Tähdet' tmcname='osa04-12_tahdet'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lista_tahtina</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan kokonaislukuja. Funktio tulostaa joukon tähtirivejä siten, että listalla olevat luvut kertovat kunkin rivin tähtimäärän.</p><p>Esim. kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">lista_tahtina([3, 7, 1, 1, 2])</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\n***\n*******\n*\n*\n**\n</pre></sample-output><!-- **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. Siirrossa saattaa kestää hetken, joten odotathan operaation päättymistä.\n\n<img src=\"4_3_3.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nOngelmaan pyritään saamaan parempi ratkaisu lähipäivinä. --></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Anagrammi' tmcname='osa04-13_anagrammi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">anagrammi</code> joka saa parametriksi kaksi merkkijonoa. Funktio palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijonot ovat anagrammeja eli ne muodostuvat täsmälleen samoista kirjaimista.</p><p>Esimerkiksi funktiota voisi käyttää näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tola\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lato\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"talo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># True</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tammi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mitta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>anagrammi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># False</span></code></pre></div><p>Vihje: funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> toimii myös merkkijonoille.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Palindromit' tmcname='osa04-14_palindromit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">palindromi</code>, joka saa parametriksi merkkijonon ja palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijono on palindromi (eli samansisältöinen luettuna alusta loppuun tai lopusta alkuun).</p><p>Tee myös funktiota hyödyntävä pääohjelma, joka kyselee käyttäjältä sanoja niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää palindromin:</p><sample-output><p>Anna palindromi: <strong>python</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>java</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>kauppias</strong>\nei ollut palindromi\nAnna palindromi: <strong>saippuakauppias</strong>\nsaippuakauppias on palindromi!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että pääohjelmaa <strong>ei tule kirjoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\":</code>-lohkon sisälle</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Positiivisten summa' tmcname='osa04-15_positiivisten_summa'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">positiivisten_summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listan positiivisten lukujen summan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nvastaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> positiivisten_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vastaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vastaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>vastaus 9</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Kertaa nyt tarvittaessa <a href=\"/osa-4/3-listat\">edellisen osion</a> luku <em>Lista funktion parametrina ja paluuarvona</em>!</p><programming-exercise name='Parilliset' tmcname='osa04-16_parilliset'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">parilliset</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jolla on parametrina olevan listan sisältämät parilliset luvut.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nuusi_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> parilliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkuperäinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> uusi_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alkuperäinen [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nuusi [2, 4]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Summalista' tmcname='osa04-17_summalista'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code>, joka saa parametriksi kaksi kokonaislukuja sisältävää listaa. Molemmissa listoissa on sama määrä alkioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jonka alkiot muodostuvat parametreina olevien listojen alkioiden summista.</p><p>Esim:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># [8, 10, 12]</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Uniikit' tmcname='osa04-18_uniikit'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uniikit</code>, joka saa parametriksi kokonaislukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, joka sisältää parametrina annetun listan luvut suuruusjärjestyksessä siten, että jokainen luku on listalla vain kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uniikit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># [1, 2, 3]</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"parhaan-tai-huonoimman-etsiminen-listalta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parhaan tai huonoimman etsiminen listalta<a href=\"#parhaan-tai-huonoimman-etsiminen-listalta\" aria-label=\"parhaan tai huonoimman etsiminen listalta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelmoinnissa tulee usein esiin tilanne, missä listalta on löydettävä jonkin kriteerin mukaan paras tai huonoin alkio. Ratkaisu onnistuu käyttämällä sopivaa apumuuttujaa, jonka avulla voidaan \"muistaa\" läpikäynnin aikana siihen mennessä löytynyt paras alkio. Tätä muistettavaa alkiota verrataan sitten yksi kerrallaan jokaiseen vastaantulevaan alkioon, ja lopulta on tiedossa koko listan paras.</p><p>Algoritmin \"luonnos\" on seuraavassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkuarvo <span class=\"token comment\"># sopiva alkuarvo riippuu tilanteesta</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkio parempi kuin paras<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkio\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># paras on nyt tiedossa!</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodin yksityiskohdat riippuvat siitä minkä tyyppisiä alkioita listalla on ja mikä parhauden/huonouden vertailukriteeri on käytössä. Joissain tilanteissa myös apumuuttujia saatetaan tarvita useampia.</p><p>Harjoitellaan hieman tämän ratkaisumenetelmän käyttöä.</p><programming-exercise name='Listan pisimmän pituus' tmcname='osa04-18a_listan_pimman_pituus'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisimman_pituus</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa tiedon mikä on listan pisimmän merkkijonon pituus.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>9\n6</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Listan lyhin' tmcname='osa04-18b_listan_lyhin'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lyhin</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa listan lyhimmän merkkijonon. Jos samanpituisia on useita (testeissä näin ei ole), voi funktio palauttaa niistä minkä vaan. Funktio voi olettaa että listalla ei ole tyhjiä eli nollan pituisia merkkijonoja.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"johanna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eka\neero</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Listan pisimmät' tmcname='osa04-19_listan_pisimmat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisimmat</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa listan, joka sisältää parametrina annetun listan pisimmän merkkijonon. Jos pisimpiä merkkijonoja on useampia, funktio palauttaa ne kaikki listassa.</p><p>Merkkijonojen järjestyksen tuloslistassa tulee noudattaa merkkijonojen järjestystä alkuperäisessä listassa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"seitsemäs\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ['seitsemäs']</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juhani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisimmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># ['emilia', 'juhani']</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"35160dc1-19b5-51e4-b779-5299765ff2f2\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-4/4-silmukat-ja-iterointi","title":"Silmukat ja iterointi"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-4/4-silmukat-ja-iterointi.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{"}]},{"type":"text","value":"kaupunki"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hei Pekka, olet 59-vuotias, asuinpaikkasi on Lappeenranta"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"F-merkkijonon voi ajatella olevan eräänlainen funktio, joka tuottaa normaalin merkkijonon aaltosuluissa olevien \"parametrien\" perusteella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lukulistasta merkkijonolistaksi","tmcname":"osa04-20_lukulistasta_merkkijonolistaksi"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"muotoile"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen liukulukuja sisältävän listan. Funktio muodostaa listan perusteella uuden merkkijonoja sisältävän listan, jossa jokainen liukulukulistan alkio esitetään pyöristettynä kahden desimaalin tarkkuuteen. Listan alkioiden järjestyksen tulee säilyä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vinkki: Käytä liukulukujen muotoiluun merkkijonoiksi f-merkkijonoa."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1.234"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0.3333"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0.11111"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3.446"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlista2 "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" muotoile"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"['1.23', '0.33', '0.11', '3.45']"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"aae62107-cdf7-5af8-9256-b057a53d522b"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon tulostusta saa muokattua parametrien avulla</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää f-merkkijonoja tulosteen muotoilussa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän mennessä yhdistelleet tulostettavaa tietoa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa kolmella eri tavalla.</p><p>Ensimmäinen tapa on käyttää merkkijonojen <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattoria ja muodostaa näin yksittäinen merkkijono, jonka print saa parametrikseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ikäsi on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" vuotta\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tapa edellyttää, että kaikki yhdistettävät osat ovat merkkijonoja. Koska muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code> on tyypiltään kokonaisluku, se on muutettu yhdistämistä varten merkkijonoksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>.</p><p>Toinen käyttämämme tapa on eritellä tulostuksen osat pilkulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän koodin lopputulos on sama kuin edellisen esimerkin. Näin käytettynä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> tulostaa kaikki parametrinsa välilyönnillä eroteltuna. Etuna tässä tavassa on, että tulostettavat osat voivat olla eri tyyppisiä eli tyyppimuunnosta merkkijonoksi ei tarvita.</p><p>Automaattisesta välilyönnistä pilkulla eriteltyjen osien välillä on mahdollista päästä eroon antamalla funktiolle parametri <code class=\"language-text\">sep</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sep<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on nyt seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>HeiErkkiikäsi on39vuotta</p></sample-output><p>Parametri <code class=\"language-text\">sep=\"\"</code> on <em>nimetty parametri</em>, joka määrittelee, että pilkulla eroteltujen osien väliin laitetaan ainoastaan tyhjä merkkijono. Voisimme myös saada jokaisen osan tulostumaan omalle rivilleen määrittelemällä erottimeksi <code class=\"language-text\">\"\\n\"</code> eli rivinvaihtoa kuvaavan merkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sep<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei\nErkki\nikäsi on\n39\nvuotta</p></sample-output><p>Oletusarvoisesti print-komento päättyy rivinvaihtoon, mutta tätä voidaan muokata parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">end</code> avulla. Esim. jos <code class=\"language-text\">end</code> saa arvoksi tyhjän merkkijonon, <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento ei aiheuta automaattista rivinvaihtoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"f-merkkijonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">f-merkkijonot<a href=\"#f-merkkijonot\" aria-label=\"f merkkijonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kolmas käyttämämme tapa on f-merkkijonot. Aiempi nimen ja iän tulostava esimerkki tehtäisiin f-merkkijonojen avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ikäsi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Olemme toistaiseksi käyttäneet f-merkkijonoja vain niiden yksinkertaisimmassa muodossa. F-merkkijonot tarjoavat kuitenkin monia muitakin mahdollisuuksia tulostuksen muotoiluun. Yksi tavallinen käyttötapa on antaa liukuluvun tulostuksessa näytettävien desimaalien määrä. Oletusarvoisesti tulostuu jokin määrä desimaaleja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luku on 0.333333333333333</p></sample-output><p>Saamme määriteltyä tulostuvien desimaalien määrän f-merkkijonon avulla. Tulostuksen muoto määritellään lisäämällä aaltosulkeiden sisään tulostettavan muuttujan jälkeen kaksoispiste ja <em>muotoiluohje</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.2f</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Luku on <span class=\"token number\">0.33</span></code></pre></div><p>Muotoiluohje <code class=\"language-text\">.2f</code> siis määrittelee, että desimaaliluku tulostetaan <em>kahden desimaalin</em> tarkkuudella. Kirjain <em>f</em> luvun 2 jälkeen tarkoittaa, että muotoiluohje koskee desimaalilukua eli <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>-tyyppistä arvoa!</p><p>Tässä on vielä toisenlainen esimerkki, jossa tulostetaan nimiä 15 merkin levyiseen tekstialueeseen, ensin vasemmalle sisennettynä ja sen jälkeen oikealle sisennettynä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Juha-Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maya\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> keskellä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">>15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Antti           keskellä           Antti\nEmilia          keskellä          Emilia\nJuha<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>Pekka      keskellä      Juha<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>Pekka\nMaya            keskellä            Maya</code></pre></div><p>F-merkkijonoja voi käyttää muuallakin kuin tulostuskomennossa. Niitä voi esimerkiksi sijoittaa muuttujiin ja sekä yhdistellä normaaleihin merkkijonoihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">59</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lappeenranta\"</span>\ntervehdys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, olet </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">-vuotias\"</span></span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tervehdys <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\", asuinpaikkasi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei Pekka, olet 59-vuotias, asuinpaikkasi on Lappeenranta</p></sample-output><p>F-merkkijonon voi ajatella olevan eräänlainen funktio, joka tuottaa normaalin merkkijonon aaltosuluissa olevien \"parametrien\" perusteella.</p><programming-exercise name='Lukulistasta merkkijonolistaksi' tmcname='osa04-20_lukulistasta_merkkijonolistaksi'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">muotoile</code>, joka saa parametrikseen liukulukuja sisältävän listan. Funktio muodostaa listan perusteella uuden merkkijonoja sisältävän listan, jossa jokainen liukulukulistan alkio esitetään pyöristettynä kahden desimaalin tarkkuuteen. Listan alkioiden järjestyksen tulee säilyä.</p><p><em>Vinkki: Käytä liukulukujen muotoiluun merkkijonoiksi f-merkkijonoa.</em></p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1.234</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.3333</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.11111</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.446</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muotoile<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token 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"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","interpolation"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{"}]},{"type":"text","value":"kaupunki"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"}"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\""}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Hei Pekka, olet 59-vuotias, asuinpaikkasi on Lappeenranta"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"F-merkkijonon voi ajatella olevan eräänlainen funktio, joka tuottaa normaalin merkkijonon aaltosuluissa olevien \"parametrien\" perusteella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Lukulistasta merkkijonolistaksi","tmcname":"osa04-20_lukulistasta_merkkijonolistaksi"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"muotoile"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen liukulukuja sisältävän listan. Funktio muodostaa listan perusteella uuden merkkijonoja sisältävän listan, jossa jokainen liukulukulistan alkio esitetään pyöristettynä kahden desimaalin tarkkuuteen. Listan alkioiden järjestyksen tulee säilyä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vinkki: Käytä liukulukujen muotoiluun merkkijonoiksi f-merkkijonoa."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1.234"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0.3333"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0.11111"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3.446"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlista2 "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" muotoile"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"['1.23', '0.33', '0.11', '3.45']"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"aae62107-cdf7-5af8-9256-b057a53d522b"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennon tulostusta saa muokattua parametrien avulla</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää f-merkkijonoja tulosteen muotoilussa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän mennessä yhdistelleet tulostettavaa tietoa <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa kolmella eri tavalla.</p><p>Ensimmäinen tapa on käyttää merkkijonojen <code class=\"language-text\">+</code>-operaattoria ja muodostaa näin yksittäinen merkkijono, jonka print saa parametrikseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" ikäsi on \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" vuotta\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tapa edellyttää, että kaikki yhdistettävät osat ovat merkkijonoja. Koska muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code> on tyypiltään kokonaisluku, se on muutettu yhdistämistä varten merkkijonoksi funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>.</p><p>Toinen käyttämämme tapa on eritellä tulostuksen osat pilkulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän koodin lopputulos on sama kuin edellisen esimerkin. Näin käytettynä <code class=\"language-text\">print</code> tulostaa kaikki parametrinsa välilyönnillä eroteltuna. Etuna tässä tavassa on, että tulostettavat osat voivat olla eri tyyppisiä eli tyyppimuunnosta merkkijonoksi ei tarvita.</p><p>Automaattisesta välilyönnistä pilkulla eriteltyjen osien välillä on mahdollista päästä eroon antamalla funktiolle parametri <code class=\"language-text\">sep</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sep<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus on nyt seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>HeiErkkiikäsi on39vuotta</p></sample-output><p>Parametri <code class=\"language-text\">sep=\"\"</code> on <em>nimetty parametri</em>, joka määrittelee, että pilkulla eroteltujen osien väliin laitetaan ainoastaan tyhjä merkkijono. Voisimme myös saada jokaisen osan tulostumaan omalle rivilleen määrittelemällä erottimeksi <code class=\"language-text\">\"\\n\"</code> eli rivinvaihtoa kuvaavan merkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikäsi on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuotta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sep<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei\nErkki\nikäsi on\n39\nvuotta</p></sample-output><p>Oletusarvoisesti print-komento päättyy rivinvaihtoon, mutta tätä voidaan muokata parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">end</code> avulla. Esim. jos <code class=\"language-text\">end</code> saa arvoksi tyhjän merkkijonon, <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento ei aiheuta automaattista rivinvaihtoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"f-merkkijonot\" style=\"position:relative;\">f-merkkijonot<a href=\"#f-merkkijonot\" aria-label=\"f merkkijonot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kolmas käyttämämme tapa on f-merkkijonot. Aiempi nimen ja iän tulostava esimerkki tehtäisiin f-merkkijonojen avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ikäsi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Olemme toistaiseksi käyttäneet f-merkkijonoja vain niiden yksinkertaisimmassa muodossa. F-merkkijonot tarjoavat kuitenkin monia muitakin mahdollisuuksia tulostuksen muotoiluun. Yksi tavallinen käyttötapa on antaa liukuluvun tulostuksessa näytettävien desimaalien määrä. Oletusarvoisesti tulostuu jokin määrä desimaaleja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luku on 0.333333333333333</p></sample-output><p>Saamme määriteltyä tulostuvien desimaalien määrän f-merkkijonon avulla. Tulostuksen muoto määritellään lisäämällä aaltosulkeiden sisään tulostettavan muuttujan jälkeen kaksoispiste ja <em>muotoiluohje</em>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token operator\">/</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.2f</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Luku on <span class=\"token number\">0.33</span></code></pre></div><p>Muotoiluohje <code class=\"language-text\">.2f</code> siis määrittelee, että desimaaliluku tulostetaan <em>kahden desimaalin</em> tarkkuudella. Kirjain <em>f</em> luvun 2 jälkeen tarkoittaa, että muotoiluohje koskee desimaalilukua eli <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>-tyyppistä arvoa!</p><p>Tässä on vielä toisenlainen esimerkki, jossa tulostetaan nimiä 15 merkin levyiseen tekstialueeseen, ensin vasemmalle sisennettynä ja sen jälkeen oikealle sisennettynä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Juha-Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Maya\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> keskellä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">>15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Antti           keskellä           Antti\nEmilia          keskellä          Emilia\nJuha<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>Pekka      keskellä      Juha<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>Pekka\nMaya            keskellä            Maya</code></pre></div><p>F-merkkijonoja voi käyttää muuallakin kuin tulostuskomennossa. Niitä voi esimerkiksi sijoittaa muuttujiin ja sekä yhdistellä normaaleihin merkkijonoihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">59</span>\nkaupunki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lappeenranta\"</span>\ntervehdys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Hei </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, olet </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">-vuotias\"</span></span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tervehdys <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\", asuinpaikkasi on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kaupunki<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei Pekka, olet 59-vuotias, asuinpaikkasi on Lappeenranta</p></sample-output><p>F-merkkijonon voi ajatella olevan eräänlainen funktio, joka tuottaa normaalin merkkijonon aaltosuluissa olevien \"parametrien\" perusteella.</p><programming-exercise name='Lukulistasta merkkijonolistaksi' tmcname='osa04-20_lukulistasta_merkkijonolistaksi'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">muotoile</code>, joka saa parametrikseen liukulukuja sisältävän listan. Funktio muodostaa listan perusteella uuden merkkijonoja sisältävän listan, jossa jokainen liukulukulistan alkio esitetään pyöristettynä kahden desimaalin tarkkuuteen. Listan alkioiden järjestyksen tulee säilyä.</p><p><em>Vinkki: Käytä liukulukujen muotoiluun merkkijonoiksi f-merkkijonoa.</em></p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1.234</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.3333</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.11111</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3.446</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muotoile<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token 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Ohjelma tulostaa niiden perusteella arvosanoihin liittyviä tilastoja."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ovat kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–20. Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärät taas kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–100."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma kyselee käyttäjältä rivejä niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän rivin. Voit olettaa, että kaikki rivit on syötetty \"oikein\", eli rivillä on joko kaksi kokonaislukua tai rivi on tyhjä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteiden ja harjoitustehtävien syöttäminen etenee seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15 87"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10 55"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11 40"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4 17"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä:\nTilasto:"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt tyhjän rivin, tulostaa ohjelma tilastot."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tilastot muodostuvat seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärästä saa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"harjoituspisteitä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo yhden harjoituspisteen, 20 % tuo 2 harjoituspistettä, jne., ja 100 % eli 100 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 harjoituspistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen pistemäärän ja harjoitustehtävistä saatavien pisteiden summasta seuraavan taulukon mukaan:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"table","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"thead","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koepisteet+harjoituspisteet"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"arvosana"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tbody","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0–14"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0 (eli hylätty)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15–17"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18–20"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21–23"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24–27"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"28–30"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edelliseen on kuitenkin poikkeus: jos kokeen pistemäärä on alle 10, on arvosana kokonaispistemäärästä riippumatta 0 eli hylätty."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Yllä olevalla esimerkkisyötteellä ohjelma tulostaa seuraavat tilastot:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tilasto:\nPisteiden keskiarvo: 14.5\nHyväksymisprosentti: 75.0\nArvosanajakauma:\n  5:\n  4:\n  3: *\n  2:\n  1: **\n  0: *\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Desimaaliluvut tulostetaan yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon! Eli jos ohjelmasi toiminnallisuus on esim. funktiossa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"main"}]},{"type":"text","value":", tulee sitä kutsuva koodi kirjoittaa normaaliin tapaan, eikä ym. if-lohkoon kuten on tehtävä niissä tehtävissä, joissa edellytetään funktioiden toteuttamista."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vihje:"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman syöte koostuu riveistä joilla on peräkkäin kaksi numeroa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15 87"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Syöterivi pitää pilkkoa ensin kahtia ja muuttaa palaset kokonaisluvuksi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-funktiolla. Rivin pilkkominen onnistuu samalla tavalla kun tehtävässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Eka, toka ja vika sana"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Siihen on olemassa myös hieman helpompi keino, merkkijonojen metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"split"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Googlaa jos haluat, käytä esim. hakusanoja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python string split"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"comment","value":" **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. Siirrossa saattaa kestää hetken, joten odotathan operaation päättymistä.\n\n<img src=\"4_3_3.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nOngelmaan pyritään saamaan parempi ratkaisu lähipäivinä. "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"1dbc837b-d925-5f7f-b248-5bf90a09540c"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"9b354cf1-f413-5ec3-befd-992039b09100"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet lisää tapoja erottaa osia merkkijonosta tai listasta</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon muuttumattomuus</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää metodeita <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code></li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme käyttäneet aiemmin <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-syntaksia merkkijonon osajonon erottamiseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>merk</p></sample-output><p>Sama syntaksi toimii myös listoissa, ja voimme erottaa sen avulla listan osan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[4, 6, 1, 2]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lisaa-erottamisesta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää erottamisesta<a href=\"#lisaa-erottamisesta\" aria-label=\"lisaa erottamisesta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Itse asiassa <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-syntaksi toimii hyvin samalla periaatteella kuin <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktio, eli voimme antaa sille myös askeleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eiek\n[7, 6, 5, 4]</p></sample-output><p>Jos emme anna jotain arvoa, oletuksena koko sisältö valitaan mukaan. Tämän avulla voimme tehdä seuraavan lyhyen ohjelman, joka kääntää merkkijonon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjoita merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kirjoita merkkijono: <strong>esimerkki</strong>\nikkremise</p></sample-output><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat--><h2 id=\"varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: globaalin muuttujan käyttö funktion sisällä<a href=\"#varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" aria-label=\"varoitus globaalin muuttujan kaytto funktion sisalla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia, mutta tämän lisäksi funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globaalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa <em>nimilista</em> olevat nimet.</p><p>Kaikki funktioita testaava koodi on kirjoitettava erillisen lohkon sisälle, jotta TMC-testit hyväksyisivät koodin. Edellinen esimerkki siis tulisi toteuttaa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaikki funktiota testaava koodi tämän lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\n    nimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt myös globaalin muuttujan määrittely on siirtynyt <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon.</p><p>TMC-testit suoritetaan aina siten, että mitään <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkon sisällä olevaa koodia ei suoriteta. Tämän takia funktio ei voi edes teoriassa toimia, sillä se viittaa muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">nimilista</code>, jota ei testejä suoritettaessa ole lainkaan olemassa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kaikki väärinpäin' tmcname='osa04-21_kaikki_vaarinpain'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_vaarinpain</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio luo ja palauttaa uuden listan, jossa kaikki alkuperäisellä listalla olevat merkkijonot on käännetty. Myös listan alkioiden järjestys muutetaan käänteiseksi.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vielä yksi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikki_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['isky äleiv', 'ikkremise', 'ikkiak', 'ioM']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa<a href=\"#merkkijonoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" aria-label=\"merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonoilla ja listoilla on paljon yhteistä, ja useimmat operaatiot toimivat samalla tavalla sekä merkkijonoille että listoille. Kuitenkin erona on, että merkkijonoa <em>ei voi muuttaa</em>. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ei toimi tarkoitetulla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\nmjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa, ohjelman suoritus aiheuttaa virheen:</p><sample-output><p>TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment</p></sample-output><p>Samankaltainen virhe seuraa, jos yritetään esimerkiksi järjestää merkkijonoa järjestykseen <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code>-metodilla.</p><p>Vaikka merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa, voimme silti sijoittaa merkkijonon paikalle toisen merkkijonon.</p><p>Onkin tärkeää huomata ero seuraavien esimerkkien välillä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/a0b58/4_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/cadab/4_4_1.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/81c8e/4_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png\" alt=\"4 4 1\" title=\"4 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 281px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 85.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/a0b58/4_4_2.webp 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/f44a8/4_4_2.webp 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/81c8e/4_4_2.png 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png\" alt=\"4 4 2\" title=\"4 4 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Ensimmäisessä esimerkissä listan sisältö muuttuu. Toisessa esimerkissä alkuperäinen merkkijono korvataan toisella merkkijonolla. Alkuperäinen merkkijono jää muistiin, mutta siihen ei enää ole viittausta, joten sitä ei voi enää käyttää ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tähän palataan tarkemmin ensi viikolla, kun viittauksia listoihin käsitellään tarkemmin.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-metodeita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää metodeita<a href=\"#lisaa-metodeita\" aria-label=\"lisaa metodeita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> avulla voidaan laskea osajonon esiintymien määrä. Metodi toimii samaan tapaan sekä merkkijonon että listan kanssa. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"si\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodi <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ei laske päällekkäisiä esiintymiä. Esimerkiksi metodin mukaan merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">aaaa</code> esiintyy kaksi kertaa osajono <code class=\"language-text\">aa</code>, vaikka oikeastaan esiintymiä olisi kolme, jos päällekkäiset esiintymät sallitaan.</p><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code> avulla voidaan muodostaa uusi merkkijono, jossa tietty merkkijono on korvattu toisella merkkijonolla. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki\"</span>\nuusi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei kaikki</p></sample-output><p>Metodi korvaa kaikki merkkijonon esiintymät:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hei heilan löysin minä heinikosta hei\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"HEI\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>HEI HEIlan löysin minä HEInikosta HEI</p></sample-output><p>Tyypillinen virhe <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>-metodia käytettäessä on unohtaa, että merkkijonot ovat muuttumattomia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python on kivaa\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Korvataan alijono, muttei tallenneta tulosta mihinkään...</span>\nmjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python on kivaa</p></sample-output><p>Jos vanhaa jonoa ei tarvita, voidaan uusi jono sijoittaa samaan muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python on kivaa\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Korvataan alijono, tallennetaan tulos samaan muuttujaan</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Java on kivaa</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Eniten kirjaimia' tmcname='osa04-22_eniten_kirjaimia'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_kirjainta</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa kirjaimen, jota esiintyy eniten merkkijonossa. Jos yhtä yleisiä kirjaimia on monta, funktion tulee palauttaa niistä ensimmäisenä merkkijonossa esiintyvä.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcbdbe\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_kirjainta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntoinen_jono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkkimerkkijonokki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_kirjainta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toinen_jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>b\nk</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vokaalit pois' tmcname='osa04-23_vokaalit_pois'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">ilman_vokaaleja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa uuden merkkijonon, jossa alkuperäisen merkkijonon vokaalit on poistettu.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että merkkijono koostuu pelkästään pienistä suomen kielen kirjaimista a...ö.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ilman_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>tm n smrkk</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Poista isot' tmcname='osa04-24_poista_isot'><p>Pythonin merkkijonometodi <code class=\"language-text\">isupper()</code> palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijono koostuu <em>pelkästään isoista kirjaimista</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"XYZ\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nonko_iso <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Abc\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_iso<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Kirjoita metodia hyödyntäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_isot</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jolla on sen parametrina olevasta listasta ne merkkijonot, jotka eivät koostu kokonaan isoista kirjaimista.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ABC\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"def\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ISO\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TOINENISO\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toinen pieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Osittain Iso\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkarsittu_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> poista_isot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>karsittu_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['def', 'pieni', 'toinen pieni', 'Osittain Iso']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Naapureita listassa' tmcname='osa04-25_naapureita_listassa'><p>Määritellään, että listan alkiot ovat naapureita, jos niiden erotus on 1. Naapureita olisivat siis esim alkiot 1 ja 2 tai alkiot 56 ja 55.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_naapurijono</code>, joka etsii listasta pisimmän peräkkäisiä naapureita sisältävän osalistan ja palauttaa sen pituuden.</p><p>Esimerkiksi listassa <code class=\"language-text\">[1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4]</code> pisin tällainen osalista olisi <code class=\"language-text\">[5, 4, 3, 4]</code>, ja sen pituus 4.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisin_naapurijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"laajemman-ohjelman-tekeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laajemman ohjelman tekeminen<a href=\"#laajemman-ohjelman-tekeminen\" aria-label=\"laajemman ohjelman tekeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tämän osan huipentaa ensimmäinen hieman laajempi ohjelma, jota tehdessäsi pääset soveltamaan kaikkea tähän asti opeteltua.</p><p>Sääntö numero yksi isompaa tai oikeastaan mitä tahansa ohjelmaa tehdessä on se, että ei kannata yrittää ratkaista kaikkia ongelmia yhtä aikaa. Ohjelma kannattaa rakentaa pienistä paloista kuten sopivista apufunktioista, ja kunkin palan toimivuus kannattaa varmistaa ennen kun alkaa rakentaa seuraavaa palaa. Jos näin ei tee, on aika varmaa että edessä on suuri kaaos.</p><p>Isompaa ohjelmaa rakentaessa on järkevää testailla ohjelman funktioita aluksi erillään pääohjelmasta. Yksi helppo tapa on tehdä myös pääohjelmasta oma funktio, esimerkiksi nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, jonka ohjelman funktioiden ulkopuoleinen osa käynnistää. Esimerkiksi seuraavaa tehtävää voitaisiin ruveta lähestymään näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman koodi tänne</span>\n\nmain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin ohjelman apufunktioita on mahdollista testata ilman pääohjelman suorittamista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># apufunktio, joka laskee arvosanan pisteiden perusteella</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman koodi tänne</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kommentoidaan pääohjelma pois</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\">#main()</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># testataan apufunktiota</span>\npistemaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pistemaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon välittäminen funktiosta toiseen<a href=\"#tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen\" aria-label=\"tiedon valittaminen funktiosta toiseen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelma koostuu useista funktioista, nousee esiin kysymys, miten tietoa siirretään funktiosta toiseen.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki ohjelmasta, joka lukee käyttäjältä joukon kokonaislukuarvoja. Sen jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa arvot ja tekee niille vielä \"analyysin\". Ohjelma on jaettu kolmeen erilliseen funktioon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    keskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskiarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, pienin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktioita käyttävä \"pääohjelma\"</span>\nsyotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nanalyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Syötä 5 lukua:\nAnna luku: <strong>10</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>34</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>-32</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>99</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>-53</strong>\nLuvut ovat:\n10\n34\n-32\n99\n-53\nLukuja yhteensä 5, keskiarvo 11.6, pienin -53 ja suurin 99</p></sample-output><p>Perusperiaatteena ohjelmassa on se, että pääohjelma \"tallentaa\" ohjelman käsittelemän tiedon eli tässä tapauksessa käyttäjän syöttämät luvut muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>.</p><p>Jos lukuja on tarve käsitellä jossain funktiossa, ne välitetään sinne parametrina. Näin tapahtuu funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>. Jos taas funktio tuottaa tietoa, jota muut ohjelman osat tarvitsevat, palauttaa funktio datan <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komennolla. Näin tekevät käyttäjän syötteen lukeva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kayttajalta</code> sekä analyysin tekevä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.</p><p>Olisi periaatteessa mahdollista, että funktiot käyttäisivät suoraan \"pääohjelman\" globaalia muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>. Se <a href=\"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/148108/why-is-global-state-so-evil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ei kuitenkaan ole järkevää</a>, sillä jos funktiot pystyvät muuttamaan globaalia muuttujaa, voi ohjelmassa alkaa tapahtua jotain hallitsematonta, varsinkin kun funktioiden määrä kasvaa.</p><p>Tiedon välitys funktioihin ja niistä ulos on siis järkevintä hoitaa parametrien ja paluuarvojen avulla.</p><p>Jos haluaisimme tehdä edellisen esimerkin ohjelman siten, että sen pääohjelma eriytettäisiin omaan funktioon <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, siirrettäisiin ohjelman käsittelemä data pääohjelmaa edustavan funktion sisäiseksi muuttujaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># pääohjelmaa edustava funktio</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    analyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman käynnistys</span>\nmain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Arvosanatilasto' tmcname='osa04-26_arvosanatilasto'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan ohjelma kurssin arvosanatilastojen tulostamiseen.</p><p>Ohjelmalle syötetään rivejä, jotka sisältävät yhden opiskelijan koepistemäärän sekä tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien määrän. Ohjelma tulostaa niiden perusteella arvosanoihin liittyviä tilastoja.</p><p>Koepisteet ovat kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–20. Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärät taas kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–100.</p><p>Ohjelma kyselee käyttäjältä rivejä niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän rivin. Voit olettaa, että kaikki rivit on syötetty \"oikein\", eli rivillä on joko kaksi kokonaislukua tai rivi on tyhjä.</p><p>Koepisteiden ja harjoitustehtävien syöttäminen etenee seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>15 87</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>10 55</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>11 40</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>4 17</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä:\nTilasto:</p></sample-output><p>Kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt tyhjän rivin, tulostaa ohjelma tilastot.</p><p>Tilastot muodostuvat seuraavasti:</p><p>Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärästä saa <em>harjoituspisteitä</em> siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo yhden harjoituspisteen, 20 % tuo 2 harjoituspistettä, jne., ja 100 % eli 100 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 harjoituspistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen pistemäärän ja harjoitustehtävistä saatavien pisteiden summasta seuraavan taulukon mukaan:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">koepisteet+harjoituspisteet</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0–14</td>\n<td align=\"center\">0 (eli hylätty)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">15–17</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">18–20</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">21–23</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">24–27</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">28–30</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Edelliseen on kuitenkin poikkeus: jos kokeen pistemäärä on alle 10, on arvosana kokonaispistemäärästä riippumatta 0 eli hylätty.</p><p>Yllä olevalla esimerkkisyötteellä ohjelma tulostaa seuraavat tilastot:</p><sample-output><pre>\nTilasto:\nPisteiden keskiarvo: 14.5\nHyväksymisprosentti: 75.0\nArvosanajakauma:\n  5:\n  4:\n  3: *\n  2:\n  1: **\n  0: *\n</pre></sample-output><p>Desimaaliluvut tulostetaan yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon! Eli jos ohjelmasi toiminnallisuus on esim. funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, tulee sitä kutsuva koodi kirjoittaa normaaliin tapaan, eikä ym. if-lohkoon kuten on tehtävä niissä tehtävissä, joissa edellytetään funktioiden toteuttamista.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong></p><p>Ohjelman syöte koostuu riveistä joilla on peräkkäin kaksi numeroa:</p><sample-output><p>Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>15 87</strong></p></sample-output><p>Syöterivi pitää pilkkoa ensin kahtia ja muuttaa palaset kokonaisluvuksi <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>-funktiolla. Rivin pilkkominen onnistuu samalla tavalla kun tehtävässä <a href=\"/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista\">Eka, toka ja vika sana</a>. Siihen on olemassa myös hieman helpompi keino, merkkijonojen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>. Googlaa jos haluat, käytä esim. hakusanoja <em>python string split</em>.</p><!-- **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. 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Ohjelma tulostaa niiden perusteella arvosanoihin liittyviä tilastoja."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ovat kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–20. Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärät taas kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–100."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma kyselee käyttäjältä rivejä niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän rivin. Voit olettaa, että kaikki rivit on syötetty \"oikein\", eli rivillä on joko kaksi kokonaislukua tai rivi on tyhjä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteiden ja harjoitustehtävien syöttäminen etenee seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15 87"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10 55"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"11 40"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4 17"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä:\nTilasto:"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt tyhjän rivin, tulostaa ohjelma tilastot."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tilastot muodostuvat seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärästä saa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"harjoituspisteitä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo yhden harjoituspisteen, 20 % tuo 2 harjoituspistettä, jne., ja 100 % eli 100 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 harjoituspistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen pistemäärän ja harjoitustehtävistä saatavien pisteiden summasta seuraavan taulukon mukaan:"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"table","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"thead","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"koepisteet+harjoituspisteet"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"arvosana"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tbody","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0–14"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0 (eli hylätty)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15–17"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"18–20"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"21–23"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24–27"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"28–30"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"center"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edelliseen on kuitenkin poikkeus: jos kokeen pistemäärä on alle 10, on arvosana kokonaispistemäärästä riippumatta 0 eli hylätty."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Yllä olevalla esimerkkisyötteellä ohjelma tulostaa seuraavat tilastot:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tilasto:\nPisteiden keskiarvo: 14.5\nHyväksymisprosentti: 75.0\nArvosanajakauma:\n  5:\n  4:\n  3: *\n  2:\n  1: **\n  0: *\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Desimaaliluvut tulostetaan yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon! Eli jos ohjelmasi toiminnallisuus on esim. funktiossa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"main"}]},{"type":"text","value":", tulee sitä kutsuva koodi kirjoittaa normaaliin tapaan, eikä ym. if-lohkoon kuten on tehtävä niissä tehtävissä, joissa edellytetään funktioiden toteuttamista."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vihje:"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman syöte koostuu riveistä joilla on peräkkäin kaksi numeroa:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"15 87"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Syöterivi pitää pilkkoa ensin kahtia ja muuttaa palaset kokonaisluvuksi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"int"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-funktiolla. Rivin pilkkominen onnistuu samalla tavalla kun tehtävässä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Eka, toka ja vika sana"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Siihen on olemassa myös hieman helpompi keino, merkkijonojen metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"split"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Googlaa jos haluat, käytä esim. hakusanoja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"python string split"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"comment","value":" **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. Siirrossa saattaa kestää hetken, joten odotathan operaation päättymistä.\n\n<img src=\"4_3_3.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nOngelmaan pyritään saamaan parempi ratkaisu lähipäivinä. "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"1dbc837b-d925-5f7f-b248-5bf90a09540c"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"9b354cf1-f413-5ec3-befd-992039b09100"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet lisää tapoja erottaa osia merkkijonosta tai listasta</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoittaa merkkijonon muuttumattomuus</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää metodeita <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code></li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme käyttäneet aiemmin <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-syntaksia merkkijonon osajonon erottamiseen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>merk</p></sample-output><p>Sama syntaksi toimii myös listoissa, ja voimme erottaa sen avulla listan osan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[4, 6, 1, 2]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lisaa-erottamisesta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää erottamisesta<a href=\"#lisaa-erottamisesta\" aria-label=\"lisaa erottamisesta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Itse asiassa <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-syntaksi toimii hyvin samalla periaatteella kuin <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktio, eli voimme antaa sille myös askeleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>eiek\n[7, 6, 5, 4]</p></sample-output><p>Jos emme anna jotain arvoa, oletuksena koko sisältö valitaan mukaan. Tämän avulla voimme tehdä seuraavan lyhyen ohjelman, joka kääntää merkkijonon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjoita merkkijono: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kirjoita merkkijono: <strong>esimerkki</strong>\nikkremise</p></sample-output><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat--><h2 id=\"varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: globaalin muuttujan käyttö funktion sisällä<a href=\"#varoitus-globaalin-muuttujan-kaytto-funktion-sisalla\" aria-label=\"varoitus globaalin muuttujan kaytto funktion sisalla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia, mutta tämän lisäksi funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globaalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa <em>nimilista</em> olevat nimet.</p><p>Kaikki funktioita testaava koodi on kirjoitettava erillisen lohkon sisälle, jotta TMC-testit hyväksyisivät koodin. Edellinen esimerkki siis tulisi toteuttaa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaikki funktiota testaava koodi tämän lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\n    nimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt myös globaalin muuttujan määrittely on siirtynyt <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon.</p><p>TMC-testit suoritetaan aina siten, että mitään <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkon sisällä olevaa koodia ei suoriteta. Tämän takia funktio ei voi edes teoriassa toimia, sillä se viittaa muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">nimilista</code>, jota ei testejä suoritettaessa ole lainkaan olemassa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kaikki väärinpäin' tmcname='osa04-21_kaikki_vaarinpain'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaikki_vaarinpain</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio luo ja palauttaa uuden listan, jossa kaikki alkuperäisellä listalla olevat merkkijonot on käännetty. Myös listan alkioiden järjestys muutetaan käänteiseksi.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaikki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vielä yksi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikki_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['isky äleiv', 'ikkremise', 'ikkiak', 'ioM']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"merkkijonoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa<a href=\"#merkkijonoa-ei-voi-muuttaa\" aria-label=\"merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Merkkijonoilla ja listoilla on paljon yhteistä, ja useimmat operaatiot toimivat samalla tavalla sekä merkkijonoille että listoille. Kuitenkin erona on, että merkkijonoa <em>ei voi muuttaa</em>. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ei toimi tarkoitetulla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki\"</span>\nmjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa, ohjelman suoritus aiheuttaa virheen:</p><sample-output><p>TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment</p></sample-output><p>Samankaltainen virhe seuraa, jos yritetään esimerkiksi järjestää merkkijonoa järjestykseen <code class=\"language-text\">sort</code>-metodilla.</p><p>Vaikka merkkijonoa ei voi muuttaa, voimme silti sijoittaa merkkijonon paikalle toisen merkkijonon.</p><p>Onkin tärkeää huomata ero seuraavien esimerkkien välillä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/a0b58/4_4_1.webp 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/cadab/4_4_1.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/81c8e/4_4_1.png 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/4_4_1.png\" alt=\"4 4 1\" title=\"4 4 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"!\"</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 281px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 85.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAARCAYAAADdRIy+AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAABpklEQVQ4y52UWYsCQQyE+2eL/8xnQVAQHxXvA+/7vq3lC2TpHca9AmEy6e50qiozYblcqtfrqd/vazabab/f63A4qNvtqtlsajqd6nQ6CXu9Xj96oACFFouF1uu1rterHo+HFaEY6775Nxb0B9tut1qtVnbxZrMxJ8ZBejweFW63m0E8n8/WHc4CTpcUqdVqtmc+n4v98R7iy+Wi+/2uyWSi0Ol0lMvlVCgUVCqVLAl3rVbLeKxWq8pms2IfBdzG47HlYoM2g+y84e8MDkejkcEDNg5Mj8lbh0myXYDn8/npnudCIDvsOPamgm92o8A7RTnA+ndIAqMBZ41GQ4PBwMaE9uGw3W5bHmjkd7udjRhCvZvLLyqjlsN0lV1B/N9z+A4yl/vFziGxO2vWIfOFIzvvaXwSc8ARsA8UPJ1XEwU+isWi8vm8yuWyjcZwOLQb446BHOc4zJeSFCgVMp3ydfDDiDuGU4RBIP+JuFj+DGlKuUFDvV43xZkEOiKH6sT+bfOOMwEhrViycKVSUSaTsWJuFEpSkwo5LhTHHIQKN+DyTt4bgOcPk2YlBJdlLTcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/a0b58/4_4_2.webp 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/f44a8/4_4_2.webp 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/81c8e/4_4_2.png 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/4_4_2.png\" alt=\"4 4 2\" title=\"4 4 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Ensimmäisessä esimerkissä listan sisältö muuttuu. Toisessa esimerkissä alkuperäinen merkkijono korvataan toisella merkkijonolla. Alkuperäinen merkkijono jää muistiin, mutta siihen ei enää ole viittausta, joten sitä ei voi enää käyttää ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tähän palataan tarkemmin ensi viikolla, kun viittauksia listoihin käsitellään tarkemmin.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-metodeita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää metodeita<a href=\"#lisaa-metodeita\" aria-label=\"lisaa metodeita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> avulla voidaan laskea osajonon esiintymien määrä. Metodi toimii samaan tapaan sekä merkkijonon että listan kanssa. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"si\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että metodi <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ei laske päällekkäisiä esiintymiä. Esimerkiksi metodin mukaan merkkijonossa <code class=\"language-text\">aaaa</code> esiintyy kaksi kertaa osajono <code class=\"language-text\">aa</code>, vaikka oikeastaan esiintymiä olisi kolme, jos päällekkäiset esiintymät sallitaan.</p><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code> avulla voidaan muodostaa uusi merkkijono, jossa tietty merkkijono on korvattu toisella merkkijonolla. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki\"</span>\nuusi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Hei kaikki</p></sample-output><p>Metodi korvaa kaikki merkkijonon esiintymät:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hei heilan löysin minä heinikosta hei\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"hei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"HEI\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>HEI HEIlan löysin minä HEInikosta HEI</p></sample-output><p>Tyypillinen virhe <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>-metodia käytettäessä on unohtaa, että merkkijonot ovat muuttumattomia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python on kivaa\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Korvataan alijono, muttei tallenneta tulosta mihinkään...</span>\nmjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Python on kivaa</p></sample-output><p>Jos vanhaa jonoa ei tarvita, voidaan uusi jono sijoittaa samaan muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python on kivaa\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Korvataan alijono, tallennetaan tulos samaan muuttujaan</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Java on kivaa</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Eniten kirjaimia' tmcname='osa04-22_eniten_kirjaimia'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">eniten_kirjainta</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa kirjaimen, jota esiintyy eniten merkkijonossa. Jos yhtä yleisiä kirjaimia on monta, funktion tulee palauttaa niistä ensimmäisenä merkkijonossa esiintyvä.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcbdbe\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_kirjainta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntoinen_jono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkkimerkkijonokki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eniten_kirjainta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toinen_jono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>b\nk</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vokaalit pois' tmcname='osa04-23_vokaalit_pois'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">ilman_vokaaleja</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa uuden merkkijonon, jossa alkuperäisen merkkijonon vokaalit on poistettu.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että merkkijono koostuu pelkästään pienistä suomen kielen kirjaimista a...ö.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tämä on esimerkki\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ilman_vokaaleja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>tm n smrkk</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Poista isot' tmcname='osa04-24_poista_isot'><p>Pythonin merkkijonometodi <code class=\"language-text\">isupper()</code> palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos merkkijono koostuu <em>pelkästään isoista kirjaimista</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"XYZ\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nonko_iso <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Abc\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isupper<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_iso<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output><p>Kirjoita metodia hyödyntäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_isot</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jolla on sen parametrina olevasta listasta ne merkkijonot, jotka eivät koostu kokonaan isoista kirjaimista.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ABC\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"def\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ISO\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"TOINENISO\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toinen pieni\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Osittain Iso\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkarsittu_lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> poista_isot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>karsittu_lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['def', 'pieni', 'toinen pieni', 'Osittain Iso']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Naapureita listassa' tmcname='osa04-25_naapureita_listassa'><p>Määritellään, että listan alkiot ovat naapureita, jos niiden erotus on 1. Naapureita olisivat siis esim alkiot 1 ja 2 tai alkiot 56 ja 55.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_naapurijono</code>, joka etsii listasta pisimmän peräkkäisiä naapureita sisältävän osalistan ja palauttaa sen pituuden.</p><p>Esimerkiksi listassa <code class=\"language-text\">[1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4]</code> pisin tällainen osalista olisi <code class=\"language-text\">[5, 4, 3, 4]</code>, ja sen pituus 4.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisin_naapurijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"laajemman-ohjelman-tekeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laajemman ohjelman tekeminen<a href=\"#laajemman-ohjelman-tekeminen\" aria-label=\"laajemman ohjelman tekeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tämän osan huipentaa ensimmäinen hieman laajempi ohjelma, jota tehdessäsi pääset soveltamaan kaikkea tähän asti opeteltua.</p><p>Sääntö numero yksi isompaa tai oikeastaan mitä tahansa ohjelmaa tehdessä on se, että ei kannata yrittää ratkaista kaikkia ongelmia yhtä aikaa. Ohjelma kannattaa rakentaa pienistä paloista kuten sopivista apufunktioista, ja kunkin palan toimivuus kannattaa varmistaa ennen kun alkaa rakentaa seuraavaa palaa. Jos näin ei tee, on aika varmaa että edessä on suuri kaaos.</p><p>Isompaa ohjelmaa rakentaessa on järkevää testailla ohjelman funktioita aluksi erillään pääohjelmasta. Yksi helppo tapa on tehdä myös pääohjelmasta oma funktio, esimerkiksi nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, jonka ohjelman funktioiden ulkopuoleinen osa käynnistää. Esimerkiksi seuraavaa tehtävää voitaisiin ruveta lähestymään näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman koodi tänne</span>\n\nmain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Näin ohjelman apufunktioita on mahdollista testata ilman pääohjelman suorittamista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># apufunktio, joka laskee arvosanan pisteiden perusteella</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># koodia</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman koodi tänne</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kommentoidaan pääohjelma pois</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\">#main()</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># testataan apufunktiota</span>\npistemaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pistemaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon välittäminen funktiosta toiseen<a href=\"#tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen\" aria-label=\"tiedon valittaminen funktiosta toiseen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelma koostuu useista funktioista, nousee esiin kysymys, miten tietoa siirretään funktiosta toiseen.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki ohjelmasta, joka lukee käyttäjältä joukon kokonaislukuarvoja. Sen jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa arvot ja tekee niille vielä \"analyysin\". Ohjelma on jaettu kolmeen erilliseen funktioon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    keskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskiarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, pienin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktioita käyttävä \"pääohjelma\"</span>\nsyotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nanalyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Syötä 5 lukua:\nAnna luku: <strong>10</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>34</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>-32</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>99</strong>\nAnna luku: <strong>-53</strong>\nLuvut ovat:\n10\n34\n-32\n99\n-53\nLukuja yhteensä 5, keskiarvo 11.6, pienin -53 ja suurin 99</p></sample-output><p>Perusperiaatteena ohjelmassa on se, että pääohjelma \"tallentaa\" ohjelman käsittelemän tiedon eli tässä tapauksessa käyttäjän syöttämät luvut muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>.</p><p>Jos lukuja on tarve käsitellä jossain funktiossa, ne välitetään sinne parametrina. Näin tapahtuu funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>. Jos taas funktio tuottaa tietoa, jota muut ohjelman osat tarvitsevat, palauttaa funktio datan <code class=\"language-text\">return</code>-komennolla. Näin tekevät käyttäjän syötteen lukeva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kayttajalta</code> sekä analyysin tekevä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.</p><p>Olisi periaatteessa mahdollista, että funktiot käyttäisivät suoraan \"pääohjelman\" globaalia muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>. Se <a href=\"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/148108/why-is-global-state-so-evil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ei kuitenkaan ole järkevää</a>, sillä jos funktiot pystyvät muuttamaan globaalia muuttujaa, voi ohjelmassa alkaa tapahtua jotain hallitsematonta, varsinkin kun funktioiden määrä kasvaa.</p><p>Tiedon välitys funktioihin ja niistä ulos on siis järkevintä hoitaa parametrien ja paluuarvojen avulla.</p><p>Jos haluaisimme tehdä edellisen esimerkin ohjelman siten, että sen pääohjelma eriytettäisiin omaan funktioon <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, siirrettäisiin ohjelman käsittelemä data pääohjelmaa edustavan funktion sisäiseksi muuttujaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># pääohjelmaa edustava funktio</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    analyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman käynnistys</span>\nmain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Arvosanatilasto' tmcname='osa04-26_arvosanatilasto'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan ohjelma kurssin arvosanatilastojen tulostamiseen.</p><p>Ohjelmalle syötetään rivejä, jotka sisältävät yhden opiskelijan koepistemäärän sekä tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien määrän. Ohjelma tulostaa niiden perusteella arvosanoihin liittyviä tilastoja.</p><p>Koepisteet ovat kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–20. Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärät taas kokonaislukuja väliltä 0–100.</p><p>Ohjelma kyselee käyttäjältä rivejä niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä syöttää tyhjän rivin. Voit olettaa, että kaikki rivit on syötetty \"oikein\", eli rivillä on joko kaksi kokonaislukua tai rivi on tyhjä.</p><p>Koepisteiden ja harjoitustehtävien syöttäminen etenee seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>15 87</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>10 55</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>11 40</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>4 17</strong>\nKoepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä:\nTilasto:</p></sample-output><p>Kun käyttäjä on syöttänyt tyhjän rivin, tulostaa ohjelma tilastot.</p><p>Tilastot muodostuvat seuraavasti:</p><p>Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien lukumäärästä saa <em>harjoituspisteitä</em> siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo yhden harjoituspisteen, 20 % tuo 2 harjoituspistettä, jne., ja 100 % eli 100 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 harjoituspistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen pistemäärän ja harjoitustehtävistä saatavien pisteiden summasta seuraavan taulukon mukaan:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">koepisteet+harjoituspisteet</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0–14</td>\n<td align=\"center\">0 (eli hylätty)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">15–17</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">18–20</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">21–23</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">24–27</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">28–30</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Edelliseen on kuitenkin poikkeus: jos kokeen pistemäärä on alle 10, on arvosana kokonaispistemäärästä riippumatta 0 eli hylätty.</p><p>Yllä olevalla esimerkkisyötteellä ohjelma tulostaa seuraavat tilastot:</p><sample-output><pre>\nTilasto:\nPisteiden keskiarvo: 14.5\nHyväksymisprosentti: 75.0\nArvosanajakauma:\n  5:\n  4:\n  3: *\n  2:\n  1: **\n  0: *\n</pre></sample-output><p>Desimaaliluvut tulostetaan yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon! Eli jos ohjelmasi toiminnallisuus on esim. funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, tulee sitä kutsuva koodi kirjoittaa normaaliin tapaan, eikä ym. if-lohkoon kuten on tehtävä niissä tehtävissä, joissa edellytetään funktioiden toteuttamista.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong></p><p>Ohjelman syöte koostuu riveistä joilla on peräkkäin kaksi numeroa:</p><sample-output><p>Koepisteet ja harjoitusten määrä: <strong>15 87</strong></p></sample-output><p>Syöterivi pitää pilkkoa ensin kahtia ja muuttaa palaset kokonaisluvuksi <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>-funktiolla. Rivin pilkkominen onnistuu samalla tavalla kun tehtävässä <a href=\"/osa-4/2-lisaa-funktioista\">Eka, toka ja vika sana</a>. Siihen on olemassa myös hieman helpompi keino, merkkijonojen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>. Googlaa jos haluat, käytä esim. hakusanoja <em>python string split</em>.</p><!-- **Huomaa** että tällä hetkellä Windowsissa on ongelmia joidenkin tehtävien testien suorittamisessa. Jos törmäät seuraavaan virheilmoitukseen\n\n<img src=\"4_3_2.png\" alt=\"Listan iterointi\">\n\nvoit suorittaa testit lähettämällä ne palvelimelle valitsemalla testien suoritusnapin oikealla puolella olevasta symbolista avautuvasta TMC-valikosta _Submit solutions_.\n\nOngelman saa korjattua menemällä laajennuksen asennusvalikkoon ja muuttamalla \"TMC Data\" -kohdassa tehtävien sijainnin johonkin toiseen sijaintiin, jonka tiedostopolku on lyhempi, allaolevassa kuvassa nappi _change path_. 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variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda listoja, joissa on erityyppistä tietoa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten listoja voi käyttää tiedon ryhmittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat tallentaa matriisin kaksiulotteisena listana</li>\n</ul></text-box><!--vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><text-box variant='hint' name='Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä'><p>Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-listoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää listoista<a href=\"#lisaa-listoista\" aria-label=\"lisaa listoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viime kerralla käsiteltiin lähes yksinomaan listoja, joissa alkiot ovat kokonaislukuja. Listoihin voi kuitenkin tallentaa minkä tahansa tyyppisiä arvoja. Esimerkiksi voimme tallentaa listaan merkkijonoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listalla nimiä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Maija', 'Liisa', 'Pekka']\n['Maija', 'Liisa', 'Pekka', 'Kalle']\nListalla nimiä: 4\nNimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:\nKalle\nLiisa\nMaija\nPekka</p></sample-output><p>Samalla tavalla listalle voidaan tallentaa liukulukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mittaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19.2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> mittaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkeskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskiarvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>-2.5\n1.1\n7.5\n14.6\n21.0\n19.2\nKeskiarvo: 10.15</p></sample-output><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><h2 id=\"muistutus-globaalin-muuttujan-kayton-sudenkuoppa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muistutus: globaalin muuttujan käytön sudenkuoppa<a href=\"#muistutus-globaalin-muuttujan-kayton-sudenkuoppa\" aria-label=\"muistutus globaalin muuttujan kayton sudenkuoppa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia. Kannattaa myös huomata se, että funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella, eli pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa <em>nimilista</em> olevat nimet.</p><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, kaikki funktioita testaava koodi on kirjoitettava erillisen lohkon sisälle, jotta TMC-testit hyväksyisivät koodin. Edellinen esimerkki siis tulisi toteuttaa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaikki funktiota testaava koodi tämän lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\n    nimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt myös globaalin muuttujan määrittely on siirtynyt <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon.</p><p>TMC-testit suoritetaan aina siten, että mitään <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkon sisällä olevaa koodia ei huomioida. Tämän takia funktio ei voi edes teoriassa toimia, sillä se viittaa muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">nimilista</code> mitä ei testejä suoritettaessa ole ollenkaan olemassa.</p><h2 id=\"varoitus-parametrin-ylikirjoittaminen-ja-liian-aikainen-return\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: parametrin ylikirjoittaminen ja liian aikainen return<a href=\"#varoitus-parametrin-ylikirjoittaminen-ja-liian-aikainen-return\" aria-label=\"varoitus parametrin ylikirjoittaminen ja liian aikainen return permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ennen tämän osan tehtäviin menemistä on syytä kiinnittää huomiota pariin potentiaaliseen ongelmalähteeseen. Tarkastellaan funktiota, joka kertoo löytyykö parametrina oleva luku listalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio palauttaa jostain syystä aina <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Syynä tälle on se, että for-silmukka ylikirjoittaa parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvon, ja tämän takia if-lauseen ehto on aina tosi.</p><p>Ongelmasta päästään eroon nimeämällä parametri uudelleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt if-lauseen ehto on kunnossa. Funktiossa on kuitenkin uusi ongelma, se ei näytä edelleenkään toimivan. Esim. seuraava kokeilu tuo esiin bugin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">on <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku_listalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu False</span></code></pre></div><p>Vika on nyt siinä että funktiosta poistutaan liian aikaisin. Funktio tarkistaa ainoastaan ensimmäisen luvun ja riippuen sen arvosta palauttaa heti joko arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Lopullista tuomiota, eli tietoa siitä että luku <em>ei ole listalla</em> ei voi kuitenkaan antaa ennen kuin kaikki luvut on tarkastettu. Komento <code class=\"language-text\">return False</code> pitääkin siirtää silmukan ulkopuolelle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkastellaan vielä yhtä virheellistä esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luvut_erisuuret</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># apumuuttuja, johon kerätään ne luvut jotka on jo tarkastettu</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># joko luku on nähty?</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\non <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luvut_erisuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu True</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis yrittää testata ovatko kaikki listan alkiot erisuuria. Se kuitenkin palauttaa aina arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>.</p><p>Ongelmana on jälleen se, että funktio vahingossa ylikirjottaa parametrinsa arvon. Funktio yrittää käyttää muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> pitämään kirjaa jo vastaan tulleista luvuista ja tämä ylikirjoittaa parametrin. Lääke ongelmaan on muuttujan uudelleennimeäminen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luvut_erisuuret</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># apumuuttuja, johon kerätään ne luvut jotka on jo tarkastettu</span>\n    havaitut_luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># joko luku on nähty?</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> havaitut_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        havaitut_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\non <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luvut_erisuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nämä kuten oikeastaan kaikki koodia vaivaavat ongelmat selviävät debuggerilla tai <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>, jonka käytön tärkeyttä ei voi olla korostamatta liikaa.</p><programming-exercise name='Pisin merkkijono' tmcname='osa05-01a_pisin_merkkijono'><p><strong>HUOM:</strong> tämä ja seuraava tehtävä ovat väärässä järjestyksessä VS Coden sivupalkissa</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisin(merkkijonot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio etsii ja palauttaa listalta pisimmän merkkijonon. Voit olettaa, että vain yksi jonoista on pisin.</p><p>Esimerkkikutsu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heip\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hellurei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"terve\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>hellurei</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-listat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset listat<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-listat\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset listat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot voivat olla myös listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[5, 2, 3], [4, 1], [2, 2, 5, 1]]\n[4, 1]\n4</p></sample-output><p>Mihin voimme käyttää listoja jonka sisällä on listoja?</p><p>Voisimme esimerkiksi esittää henkilön tiedot listana, jossa ensimmäisenä alkiona on henkilön nimi, toisena ikä ja kolmantena kengännumero:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Vastaavasti joukko henkilöitä on lista, joka sisältää yksittäisiä henkilöä kuvaavia listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Petteri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">37</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  kenka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: ikä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta, kengännumero </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kenka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anu: ikä 10 vuotta, kengännumero 26\nPetteri: ikä  7 vuotta, kengännumero 22\nEmilia: ikä 32 vuotta, kengännumero 37\nAntti: ikä 39 vuotta, kengännumero 44</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, miten <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lause käy läpi henkilöt yksitellen, eli toiston lohko-osassa muuttuja  <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo</code> saa yksi kerrallaan arvokseen kutakin henkilöä esittävän listan.</p><p>Lista ei ole välttämättä paras Pythonin tietorakenne henkilön tietojen esittämiseen. Tutustumme pian <em>sanakirjaan</em>, joka on usein luontevampi tapa hoitaa vastaava tilanne.</p><h2 id=\"matriisit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Matriisit<a href=\"#matriisit\" aria-label=\"matriisit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sisäkkäisten listojen avulla voidaan myös esittää <em>matriisi</em> eli kaksiulotteinen taulukko.</p><p>Esimerkiksi matriisi</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 151px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/8d139/5_1_0.webp 151w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png 151w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png\" alt=\"5 1 0\" title=\"5 1 0\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>voitaisiin mallintaa kaksiulotteisena listana näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska matriisi on lista listoja, matriisin alkioihin viitataan käyttämällä peräkkäisiä hakasulkuja. Ensimmäinen indeksi viittaa riviin ja toinen sarakkeeseen. Niinpä esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">m[0][1]</code> tarkoittaa ensimmäisen rivin toista alkiota (kun muistetaan, että indeksointi alkaa nollasta).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n[[1, 2, 3], [10, 2, 1], [4, 5, 6]]</p></sample-output><p>Voimme käydä läpi matriisin rivit <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa matriisin rivit allekkain:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3]\n[4, 5, 6]\n[7, 8, 9]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan tulostaa matriisin alkiot yksitellen kahden <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>uusi rivi\n1\n2\n3\nuusi rivi\n4\n5\n6\nuusi rivi\n7\n8\n9</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäisiä listoja käyttävän koodin visualisointi<a href=\"#sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\" aria-label=\"sisakkaisia listoja kayttavan koodin visualisointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos sisäkkäisiä listoja käsittelevät ohjelmat tuntuvat hankalalta ymmärtää, kannattaa ehdottomasti havainnollistaa niitä Python Tutorin <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>. Seuraavassa kuva edellisen esimerkin visualisoinnista:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/769f8/5_1_0a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAICAIAAAB2/0i6AAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABFElEQVQY03WQ207DMAyG+/7PtgtuBhMSDG1rx+jWJG0OtuMDamCIm32yLCv6fzt2Z2Yigoi10rzkY38dLq4UICIAUFUiSikRESJSQ0S00ZkZiyzLkn7JeNcBQOtLYZ6Z2RrNJSLMzKu5QiHEvu8Ph8P5PPzp/qm1lCzCpaxfbI9rrGYhNDMACGEZrz6mdWBrLmZGxK/78+6tB5IY/ZKOGW4IvUjoYnDOB+cc16pqBRhJ7jPXjMQv+6/N9iOC5jJdbk9uPqX0DHDqatsPEd3K1MJN05RS+lmOKvuIV5dYxNQy8Od1C2Wnpl3MtOSaYslz8CEMwzCOY4yRiOwBfh5ifDeDjkVZVETtMdrOdi+tgPd+Q3T8Bqyl0FSTvoR1AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/a0b58/5_1_0a.webp 230w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/bc10c/5_1_0a.webp 460w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/966d8/5_1_0a.webp 920w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/445df/5_1_0a.webp 1380w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/78de1/5_1_0a.webp 1840w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/7e82b/5_1_0a.webp 1924w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/81c8e/5_1_0a.png 230w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/08a84/5_1_0a.png 460w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/c0255/5_1_0a.png 920w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/b1001/5_1_0a.png 1380w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/161ec/5_1_0a.png 1840w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/769f8/5_1_0a.png 1924w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/c0255/5_1_0a.png\" alt=\"5 1 0a\" title=\"5 1 0a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kuten kuva paljastaa, 3x3-matriisi koostuu teknisesti ottaen neljästä listasta. Ensimmäinen lista edustaa koko matriisia ja sen alkioina on erillisiä rivejä edustavat listat.</p><p>Kuva havainnollistaa jo sitä seikkaa, josta puhumme tarkemmin <a href=\"/osa-5/2-viittaukset\">seuraavassa osassa</a>: moniulotteisessa listassa listat eivät ole todellisuudessa sisäkkäin, vaan matriisia edustava lista \"viittaa\" jokaista riviä edustavaan listaan.</p><p>Kuvassa tulostus on edennyt matriisin toiselle riville, johon muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> parhaillaan viittaa. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">alkio</code> kertoo sen alkion, jonka kohdalla tulostus on menossa. Muuttujan arvo on nyt keskimmäisen rivin keskimmäinen eli 5.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-matriisin-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää matriisin käsittelyä<a href=\"#lisaa-matriisin-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"lisaa matriisin kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Matriisin yksittäisten rivien käsittely on helppoa, riittää että valitaan haluttu rivi. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio laskee halutun rivin alkioiden summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rivin_alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tarkasteluun valitaan yksi rivi</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkio\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivin_alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu 33 (saadaan laskemalla 9 + 1 + 12 + 11)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos taas haluttaisiin laskea tietyn sarakkeen eli \"pystyrivin\" alkioiden summa, tilanne olisi jo monimutkaisempi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sarakkeen_alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># summaan lisätään kaikkien rivien halutussa kohdassa oleva alkio</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sarakkeen_alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu 39 (saadaan laskemalla 3 + 12 + 9 + 15)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkasteltava sarake siis koostuu <em>jokaisen rivin</em> paikassa 2 olevasta alkiosta.</p><p>Näidenkin ohjelmien toiminta kannattaa ehdottomasti käydä läpi <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>!</p><p>Matriisissa olevan yksittäisen arvon vaihtaminen on helppoa. Riittää että valitaan matriisin sisältä oikea rivi ja sen sisältä sarake:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vaihda_arvoon</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># haetaan oikea rivi</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja sen sisältä oikea kohta</span>\n    rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvaihda_arvoon<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[4, 2, 3, 2], [9, 1, 12, 11], [7, 8, 9, 5], [2, 9, 15, 1]]\n[[4, 2, 3, 2], [9, 1, 12, 11], [7, 8, 9, 1000], [2, 9, 15, 1]]</p></sample-output><p>Mikäli halutaan muuttaa matriisin sisältöä silmukan sisällä, ei ole mahdollista käyttää \"normaalia\" for-silmukkaa, sillä muutettaessa sisältöä on pakko tietää muutettavien alkioiden indeksit.</p><p>Tämä taas onnistuu <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukalla tai <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla hyödyntämällä <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktiota iteroinnissa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kasvattaa jokaista matriisin alkiota yhdellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">m <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> j <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        m<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>j<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]]</p></sample-output><p>Ulompi silmukka käy <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktion avulla läpi arvot nollasta matriisin pituuteen (eli matriisin rivien määrään) ja sisempi silmukka jokaisen rivin alkiot nollasta rivin pituuteen.</p><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden määrä' tmcname='osa05-01_alkoiden_maara'><p><strong>HUOM:</strong> tämä ja edellinen tehtävä ovat väärässä järjestyksessä VS Coden sivupalkissa</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">laske_alkiot(matriisi: list, alkio: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen kokonaislukutaulukon. Funktio laskee, kuinka monta annetun alkion mukaista arvoa taulukosta löytyy.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">m <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"kaksiulotteinen-taulukko-pelin-tietorakenteena\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kaksiulotteinen taulukko pelin tietorakenteena<a href=\"#kaksiulotteinen-taulukko-pelin-tietorakenteena\" aria-label=\"kaksiulotteinen taulukko pelin tietorakenteena permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Matriisi sopii hyvin monien pelien tietorakenteeksi. Esim. sudokun ruudukko</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 410px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100.43478260869566%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/a0b58/5_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/0cb6c/5_1_1.webp 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/81c8e/5_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png\" alt=\"5 1 1\" title=\"5 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>voitaisiin esittää seuraavana matriisina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Arvolla nolla siis kuvataan tilanne, jossa ruutu on vielä tyhjä.</p><p>Seuraavassa vielä yksinkertainen versio sudokun tulostavasta metodista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> ruutu <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\" </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" _\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">\n 9 _ _ _ 8 _ 3 _ _\n _ _ _ 2 5 _ 7 _ _\n _ 2 _ 3 _ _ _ _ 4\n _ 9 4 _ _ _ _ _ _\n _ _ _ 7 3 _ 5 6 _\n 7 _ 5 _ 6 _ 4 _ _\n _ _ 7 8 _ 3 9 _ _\n _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3\n 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2\n</code></pre></div><p>Vastaavalla tavalla on mahdollista kuvata moni tuttu peli (esim. shakki, miinaharava, laivan upotus, mastermind, ...) matriisina. Pelistä riippuu, mikä on sopiva tapa \"koodata\" pelin tilanne matriisiin.</p><programming-exercise name='Go' tmcname='osa05-02_go'><p>Go-pelissä lisätään vuorotellen mustia ja valkoisia kiviä pelilaudalle. Pelin voittaa se pelaaja, joka saa omilla kivillään rajattua enemmän aluetta pelilaudalta.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kumpi_voitti(pelilauta: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen taulukon, joka kuvaa pelilautaa. Taulukko koostuu kokonaisluvuista seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li>0: tyhjä ruutu</li>\n<li>1: pelaajan 1 nappula</li>\n<li>2: pelaajan 2 nappula</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkissä pelilaudan koko voi olla mikä tahansa.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa arvon 1, jos pelaaja 1 on voittanut pelin, ja arvon 2, jos pelaaja 2 on voittanut pelin. Jos molemmilla pelaajilla on yhtä paljon nappuloita laudalla, funktio palauttaa arvon 0.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: rivit oikein' tmcname='osa05-03_sudoku_osa1'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivi_oikein(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon ja rivin numeron kertovan kokonaisluvun (rivit on numeroitu nollasta alkaen). Metodi palauttaa tiedon, onko rivi oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: sarakkeet oikein' tmcname='osa05-04_sudoku_osa2'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sarake_oikein(sudoku: list, sarake_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon ja sarakkeen (eli pystyrivin) numeron kertovan kokonaisluvun. Metodi palauttaa tiedon, onko sarake oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarake_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarake_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: neliöt oikein' tmcname='osa05-05_sudoku_osa3'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio_oikein(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon sekä yhden ruudun paikan kertovat rivi- ja sarakenumerot.</p><p>Funktio kertoo onko parametrina saadusta rivi/sarakenumerosta alkava 3x3-kokoinen neliö oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><p>Huomaa, että tässä tehtävässä toteutettava funktio on hieman yleiskäyttöisempi kuin sudokussa oikeasti tarvitaan. Todellisuudessahan oikeassa sudokussa tarkastellaan ainoastaan kohdista (0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 6), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 6), (6, 0), (6, 3) ja (6, 6) alkavia neliöitä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisen funktiokutsun tarkastelema kohdasta 0, 0 alkava neliö on</p><pre>\n9 0 0\n2 0 0\n0 2 0\n</pre><p>Toisen funktiokutsun tarkastelema kohdasta riviltä 1 ja sarakkeesta 2 alkava neliö on</p><pre>\n0 2 5\n0 3 0\n4 0 0\n</pre><p>Tämä neliö on siis sellainen, jota oikeassa sudokussa ei tarkasteltaisi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: ruudukko oikein' tmcname='osa05-06_sudoku_osa4'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sudoku_oikein(sudoku: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon. Funktio kertoo käyttäen edellisen kolmen tehtävän funktioita (kopioi ne tämän tehtävän koodin joukkoon), onko parametrina saatu ruudukko täytetty oikein, eli sen jokainen rivi, jokainen sarake sekä kaikki erilliset 3x3-neliöt sisältävät korkeintaan kertaalleen jokaisen luvuista 1–9.</p><p>Huom: ylempänä olevaan sudokuruudukkoa esittävään kuvaan on merkitty ne 3x3-neliöt, joita sudokua ratkaistessa tulee tarkastella.\nNämä ovat siis kohdista (0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 6), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 6), (6, 0), (6, 3) ja (6, 6) alkavat yhdeksän neliöä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsudoku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"ee5b8fc7-11bd-532a-8462-2f19587db240\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoja","title":"Lisää listoista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda listoja, joissa on erityyppistä tietoa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten listoja voi käyttää tiedon ryhmittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat tallentaa matriisin kaksiulotteisena listana</li>\n</ul></text-box><!--vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><text-box variant='hint' name='Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä'><p>Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"lisaa-listoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää listoista<a href=\"#lisaa-listoista\" aria-label=\"lisaa listoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Viime kerralla käsiteltiin lähes yksinomaan listoja, joissa alkiot ovat kokonaislukuja. Listoihin voi kuitenkin tallentaa minkä tahansa tyyppisiä arvoja. Esimerkiksi voimme tallentaa listaan merkkijonoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Listalla nimiä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Maija', 'Liisa', 'Pekka']\n['Maija', 'Liisa', 'Pekka', 'Kalle']\nListalla nimiä: 4\nNimet aakkosjärjestyksessä:\nKalle\nLiisa\nMaija\nPekka</p></sample-output><p>Samalla tavalla listalle voidaan tallentaa liukulukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">mittaukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">2.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1.1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14.6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19.2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> mittaus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkeskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mittaukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskiarvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>-2.5\n1.1\n7.5\n14.6\n21.0\n19.2\nKeskiarvo: 10.15</p></sample-output><!--vastaava varoitusteksti löytyy osioista 3-4, 4-6 ja 5-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><h2 id=\"muistutus-globaalin-muuttujan-kayton-sudenkuoppa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muistutus: globaalin muuttujan käytön sudenkuoppa<a href=\"#muistutus-globaalin-muuttujan-kayton-sudenkuoppa\" aria-label=\"muistutus globaalin muuttujan kayton sudenkuoppa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, funktioiden sisällä on mahdollista määritellä muuttujia. Kannattaa myös huomata se, että funktio näkee sen ulkopuolella, eli pääohjelmassa määritellyt muuttujat. Tälläisia muuttujia sanotaan <em>globaaleiksi</em> muuttujiksi.</p><p>Globalien muuttujien käyttämistä funktioista käsin ei useimmiten pidetä hyvänä asiana muun muassa siksi, että ne saattavat johtaa ikäviin bugeihin.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka käyttää \"vahingossa\" globaalia muuttujaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\nnimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p><p>Margaret\nErkki\nEmilia\nAntti</p></sample-output><p>Vaikka funktiota kutsutaan oikein, se tulostaa aina globaalissa muuttujassa <em>nimilista</em> olevat nimet.</p><p>Kuten olemme nähneet, kaikki funktioita testaava koodi on kirjoitettava erillisen lohkon sisälle, jotta TMC-testit hyväksyisivät koodin. Edellinen esimerkki siis tulisi toteuttaa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_vaarinpain</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># käytetään vahingossa parametrin sijaan globaalia muuttujaa nimilista</span>\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">>=</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kaikki funktiota testaava koodi tämän lohkon sisälle</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># globaali muuttuja</span>\n    nimilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Margaret\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta_vaarinpain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lupu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt myös globaalin muuttujan määrittely on siirtynyt <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkoon.</p><p>TMC-testit suoritetaan aina siten, että mitään <code class=\"language-text\">if</code>-lohkon sisällä olevaa koodia ei huomioida. Tämän takia funktio ei voi edes teoriassa toimia, sillä se viittaa muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">nimilista</code> mitä ei testejä suoritettaessa ole ollenkaan olemassa.</p><h2 id=\"varoitus-parametrin-ylikirjoittaminen-ja-liian-aikainen-return\" style=\"position:relative;\">Varoitus: parametrin ylikirjoittaminen ja liian aikainen return<a href=\"#varoitus-parametrin-ylikirjoittaminen-ja-liian-aikainen-return\" aria-label=\"varoitus parametrin ylikirjoittaminen ja liian aikainen return permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ennen tämän osan tehtäviin menemistä on syytä kiinnittää huomiota pariin potentiaaliseen ongelmalähteeseen. Tarkastellaan funktiota, joka kertoo löytyykö parametrina oleva luku listalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio palauttaa jostain syystä aina <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>. Syynä tälle on se, että for-silmukka ylikirjoittaa parametrin <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> arvon, ja tämän takia if-lauseen ehto on aina tosi.</p><p>Ongelmasta päästään eroon nimeämällä parametri uudelleen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt if-lauseen ehto on kunnossa. Funktiossa on kuitenkin uusi ongelma, se ei näytä edelleenkään toimivan. Esim. seuraava kokeilu tuo esiin bugin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">on <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku_listalla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu False</span></code></pre></div><p>Vika on nyt siinä että funktiosta poistutaan liian aikaisin. Funktio tarkistaa ainoastaan ensimmäisen luvun ja riippuen sen arvosta palauttaa heti joko arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>. Lopullista tuomiota, eli tietoa siitä että luku <em>ei ole listalla</em> ei voi kuitenkaan antaa ennen kuin kaikki luvut on tarkastettu. Komento <code class=\"language-text\">return False</code> pitääkin siirtää silmukan ulkopuolelle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luku_listalla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> etsittava_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkastellaan vielä yhtä virheellistä esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luvut_erisuuret</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># apumuuttuja, johon kerätään ne luvut jotka on jo tarkastettu</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># joko luku on nähty?</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\non <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luvut_erisuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu True</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis yrittää testata ovatko kaikki listan alkiot erisuuria. Se kuitenkin palauttaa aina arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>.</p><p>Ongelmana on jälleen se, että funktio vahingossa ylikirjottaa parametrinsa arvon. Funktio yrittää käyttää muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> pitämään kirjaa jo vastaan tulleista luvuista ja tämä ylikirjoittaa parametrin. Lääke ongelmaan on muuttujan uudelleennimeäminen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">luvut_erisuuret</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># apumuuttuja, johon kerätään ne luvut jotka on jo tarkastettu</span>\n    havaitut_luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># joko luku on nähty?</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> havaitut_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n        havaitut_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\non <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luvut_erisuuret<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>on<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nämä kuten oikeastaan kaikki koodia vaivaavat ongelmat selviävät debuggerilla tai <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>, jonka käytön tärkeyttä ei voi olla korostamatta liikaa.</p><programming-exercise name='Pisin merkkijono' tmcname='osa05-01a_pisin_merkkijono'><p><strong>HUOM:</strong> tämä ja seuraava tehtävä ovat väärässä järjestyksessä VS Coden sivupalkissa</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pisin(merkkijonot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan merkkijonoja. Funktio etsii ja palauttaa listalta pisimmän merkkijonon. Voit olettaa, että vain yksi jonoista on pisin.</p><p>Esimerkkikutsu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    jonot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"moi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"moikka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"heip\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hellurei\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"terve\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jonot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>hellurei</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sisakkaiset-listat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäiset listat<a href=\"#sisakkaiset-listat\" aria-label=\"sisakkaiset listat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Listan alkiot voivat olla myös listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[5, 2, 3], [4, 1], [2, 2, 5, 1]]\n[4, 1]\n4</p></sample-output><p>Mihin voimme käyttää listoja jonka sisällä on listoja?</p><p>Voisimme esimerkiksi esittää henkilön tiedot listana, jossa ensimmäisenä alkiona on henkilön nimi, toisena ikä ja kolmantena kengännumero:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Vastaavasti joukko henkilöitä on lista, joka sisältää yksittäisiä henkilöä kuvaavia listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">26</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Petteri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">37</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">39</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  kenka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: ikä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> vuotta, kengännumero </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kenka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anu: ikä 10 vuotta, kengännumero 26\nPetteri: ikä  7 vuotta, kengännumero 22\nEmilia: ikä 32 vuotta, kengännumero 37\nAntti: ikä 39 vuotta, kengännumero 44</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, miten <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lause käy läpi henkilöt yksitellen, eli toiston lohko-osassa muuttuja  <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo</code> saa yksi kerrallaan arvokseen kutakin henkilöä esittävän listan.</p><p>Lista ei ole välttämättä paras Pythonin tietorakenne henkilön tietojen esittämiseen. Tutustumme pian <em>sanakirjaan</em>, joka on usein luontevampi tapa hoitaa vastaava tilanne.</p><h2 id=\"matriisit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Matriisit<a href=\"#matriisit\" aria-label=\"matriisit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sisäkkäisten listojen avulla voidaan myös esittää <em>matriisi</em> eli kaksiulotteinen taulukko.</p><p>Esimerkiksi matriisi</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 151px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/8d139/5_1_0.webp 151w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png 151w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/57e8504bd70c2538405be5b5e1572347/29fe9/5_1_0.png\" alt=\"5 1 0\" title=\"5 1 0\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>voitaisiin mallintaa kaksiulotteisena listana näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska matriisi on lista listoja, matriisin alkioihin viitataan käyttämällä peräkkäisiä hakasulkuja. Ensimmäinen indeksi viittaa riviin ja toinen sarakkeeseen. Niinpä esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">m[0][1]</code> tarkoittaa ensimmäisen rivin toista alkiota (kun muistetaan, että indeksointi alkaa nollasta).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n[[1, 2, 3], [10, 2, 1], [4, 5, 6]]</p></sample-output><p>Voimme käydä läpi matriisin rivit <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa matriisin rivit allekkain:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3]\n[4, 5, 6]\n[7, 8, 9]</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava koodi puolestaan tulostaa matriisin alkiot yksitellen kahden <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>uusi rivi\n1\n2\n3\nuusi rivi\n4\n5\n6\nuusi rivi\n7\n8\n9</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sisäkkäisiä listoja käyttävän koodin visualisointi<a href=\"#sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\" aria-label=\"sisakkaisia listoja kayttavan koodin visualisointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos sisäkkäisiä listoja käsittelevät ohjelmat tuntuvat hankalalta ymmärtää, kannattaa ehdottomasti havainnollistaa niitä Python Tutorin <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>. Seuraavassa kuva edellisen esimerkin visualisoinnista:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/769f8/5_1_0a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAICAIAAAB2/0i6AAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABFElEQVQY03WQ207DMAyG+/7PtgtuBhMSDG1rx+jWJG0OtuMDamCIm32yLCv6fzt2Z2Yigoi10rzkY38dLq4UICIAUFUiSikRESJSQ0S00ZkZiyzLkn7JeNcBQOtLYZ6Z2RrNJSLMzKu5QiHEvu8Ph8P5PPzp/qm1lCzCpaxfbI9rrGYhNDMACGEZrz6mdWBrLmZGxK/78+6tB5IY/ZKOGW4IvUjoYnDOB+cc16pqBRhJ7jPXjMQv+6/N9iOC5jJdbk9uPqX0DHDqatsPEd3K1MJN05RS+lmOKvuIV5dYxNQy8Od1C2Wnpl3MtOSaYslz8CEMwzCOY4yRiOwBfh5ifDeDjkVZVETtMdrOdi+tgPd+Q3T8Bqyl0FSTvoR1AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/a0b58/5_1_0a.webp 230w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/bc10c/5_1_0a.webp 460w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/966d8/5_1_0a.webp 920w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/445df/5_1_0a.webp 1380w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/78de1/5_1_0a.webp 1840w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/7e82b/5_1_0a.webp 1924w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/81c8e/5_1_0a.png 230w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/08a84/5_1_0a.png 460w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/c0255/5_1_0a.png 920w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/b1001/5_1_0a.png 1380w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/161ec/5_1_0a.png 1840w,\n/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/769f8/5_1_0a.png 1924w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9450893ea3ce24ad2a607cde889d3e70/c0255/5_1_0a.png\" alt=\"5 1 0a\" title=\"5 1 0a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kuten kuva paljastaa, 3x3-matriisi koostuu teknisesti ottaen neljästä listasta. Ensimmäinen lista edustaa koko matriisia ja sen alkioina on erillisiä rivejä edustavat listat.</p><p>Kuva havainnollistaa jo sitä seikkaa, josta puhumme tarkemmin <a href=\"/osa-5/2-viittaukset\">seuraavassa osassa</a>: moniulotteisessa listassa listat eivät ole todellisuudessa sisäkkäin, vaan matriisia edustava lista \"viittaa\" jokaista riviä edustavaan listaan.</p><p>Kuvassa tulostus on edennyt matriisin toiselle riville, johon muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">rivi</code> parhaillaan viittaa. Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">alkio</code> kertoo sen alkion, jonka kohdalla tulostus on menossa. Muuttujan arvo on nyt keskimmäisen rivin keskimmäinen eli 5.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-matriisin-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää matriisin käsittelyä<a href=\"#lisaa-matriisin-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"lisaa matriisin kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Matriisin yksittäisten rivien käsittely on helppoa, riittää että valitaan haluttu rivi. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio laskee halutun rivin alkioiden summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rivin_alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tarkasteluun valitaan yksi rivi</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> alkio\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivin_alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu 33 (saadaan laskemalla 9 + 1 + 12 + 11)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos taas haluttaisiin laskea tietyn sarakkeen eli \"pystyrivin\" alkioiden summa, tilanne olisi jo monimutkaisempi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sarakkeen_alkioiden_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># summaan lisätään kaikkien rivien halutussa kohdassa oleva alkio</span>\n    summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> summa\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nsumma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sarakkeen_alkioiden_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostuu 39 (saadaan laskemalla 3 + 12 + 9 + 15)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkasteltava sarake siis koostuu <em>jokaisen rivin</em> paikassa 2 olevasta alkiosta.</p><p>Näidenkin ohjelmien toiminta kannattaa ehdottomasti käydä läpi <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a>!</p><p>Matriisissa olevan yksittäisen arvon vaihtaminen on helppoa. Riittää että valitaan matriisin sisältä oikea rivi ja sen sisältä sarake:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vaihda_arvoon</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># haetaan oikea rivi</span>\n    rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>rivi_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja sen sisältä oikea kohta</span>\n    rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sarake_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo\n\nm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvaihda_arvoon<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[4, 2, 3, 2], [9, 1, 12, 11], [7, 8, 9, 5], [2, 9, 15, 1]]\n[[4, 2, 3, 2], [9, 1, 12, 11], [7, 8, 9, 1000], [2, 9, 15, 1]]</p></sample-output><p>Mikäli halutaan muuttaa matriisin sisältöä silmukan sisällä, ei ole mahdollista käyttää \"normaalia\" for-silmukkaa, sillä muutettaessa sisältöä on pakko tietää muutettavien alkioiden indeksit.</p><p>Tämä taas onnistuu <code class=\"language-text\">while</code>-silmukalla tai <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla hyödyntämällä <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktiota iteroinnissa. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi kasvattaa jokaista matriisin alkiota yhdellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">m <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> j <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        m<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>j<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]]</p></sample-output><p>Ulompi silmukka käy <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>-funktion avulla läpi arvot nollasta matriisin pituuteen (eli matriisin rivien määrään) ja sisempi silmukka jokaisen rivin alkiot nollasta rivin pituuteen.</p><programming-exercise name='Alkioiden määrä' tmcname='osa05-01_alkoiden_maara'><p><strong>HUOM:</strong> tämä ja edellinen tehtävä ovat väärässä järjestyksessä VS Coden sivupalkissa</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">laske_alkiot(matriisi: list, alkio: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen kokonaislukutaulukon. Funktio laskee, kuinka monta annetun alkion mukaista arvoa taulukosta löytyy.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">m <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"kaksiulotteinen-taulukko-pelin-tietorakenteena\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kaksiulotteinen taulukko pelin tietorakenteena<a href=\"#kaksiulotteinen-taulukko-pelin-tietorakenteena\" aria-label=\"kaksiulotteinen taulukko pelin tietorakenteena permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Matriisi sopii hyvin monien pelien tietorakenteeksi. Esim. sudokun ruudukko</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 410px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 100.43478260869566%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/a0b58/5_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/0cb6c/5_1_1.webp 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/81c8e/5_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/5a4d938ae5202e8db72b179ff4d76293/d68e4/5_1_1.png\" alt=\"5 1 1\" title=\"5 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>voitaisiin esittää seuraavana matriisina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Arvolla nolla siis kuvataan tilanne, jossa ruutu on vielä tyhjä.</p><p>Seuraavassa vielä yksinkertainen versio sudokun tulostavasta metodista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> ruutu <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ruutu <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\" </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ruutu<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" _\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">\n 9 _ _ _ 8 _ 3 _ _\n _ _ _ 2 5 _ 7 _ _\n _ 2 _ 3 _ _ _ _ 4\n _ 9 4 _ _ _ _ _ _\n _ _ _ 7 3 _ 5 6 _\n 7 _ 5 _ 6 _ 4 _ _\n _ _ 7 8 _ 3 9 _ _\n _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3\n 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2\n</code></pre></div><p>Vastaavalla tavalla on mahdollista kuvata moni tuttu peli (esim. shakki, miinaharava, laivan upotus, mastermind, ...) matriisina. Pelistä riippuu, mikä on sopiva tapa \"koodata\" pelin tilanne matriisiin.</p><programming-exercise name='Go' tmcname='osa05-02_go'><p>Go-pelissä lisätään vuorotellen mustia ja valkoisia kiviä pelilaudalle. Pelin voittaa se pelaaja, joka saa omilla kivillään rajattua enemmän aluetta pelilaudalta.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kumpi_voitti(pelilauta: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen taulukon, joka kuvaa pelilautaa. Taulukko koostuu kokonaisluvuista seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li>0: tyhjä ruutu</li>\n<li>1: pelaajan 1 nappula</li>\n<li>2: pelaajan 2 nappula</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkissä pelilaudan koko voi olla mikä tahansa.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa arvon 1, jos pelaaja 1 on voittanut pelin, ja arvon 2, jos pelaaja 2 on voittanut pelin. Jos molemmilla pelaajilla on yhtä paljon nappuloita laudalla, funktio palauttaa arvon 0.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: rivit oikein' tmcname='osa05-03_sudoku_osa1'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivi_oikein(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon ja rivin numeron kertovan kokonaisluvun (rivit on numeroitu nollasta alkaen). Metodi palauttaa tiedon, onko rivi oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\nFalse</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: sarakkeet oikein' tmcname='osa05-04_sudoku_osa2'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sarake_oikein(sudoku: list, sarake_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon ja sarakkeen (eli pystyrivin) numeron kertovan kokonaisluvun. Metodi palauttaa tiedon, onko sarake oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarake_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarake_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: neliöt oikein' tmcname='osa05-05_sudoku_osa3'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nelio_oikein(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon sekä yhden ruudun paikan kertovat rivi- ja sarakenumerot.</p><p>Funktio kertoo onko parametrina saadusta rivi/sarakenumerosta alkava 3x3-kokoinen neliö oikein täytetty eli onko siinä kukin luvuista 1–9 korkeintaan kerran.</p><p>Huomaa, että tässä tehtävässä toteutettava funktio on hieman yleiskäyttöisempi kuin sudokussa oikeasti tarvitaan. Todellisuudessahan oikeassa sudokussa tarkastellaan ainoastaan kohdista (0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 6), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 6), (6, 0), (6, 3) ja (6, 6) alkavia neliöitä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nelio_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><p>Ensimmäisen funktiokutsun tarkastelema kohdasta 0, 0 alkava neliö on</p><pre>\n9 0 0\n2 0 0\n0 2 0\n</pre><p>Toisen funktiokutsun tarkastelema kohdasta riviltä 1 ja sarakkeesta 2 alkava neliö on</p><pre>\n0 2 5\n0 3 0\n4 0 0\n</pre><p>Tämä neliö on siis sellainen, jota oikeassa sudokussa ei tarkasteltaisi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: ruudukko oikein' tmcname='osa05-06_sudoku_osa4'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sudoku_oikein(sudoku: list)</code>, joka saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen taulukon. Funktio kertoo käyttäen edellisen kolmen tehtävän funktioita (kopioi ne tämän tehtävän koodin joukkoon), onko parametrina saatu ruudukko täytetty oikein, eli sen jokainen rivi, jokainen sarake sekä kaikki erilliset 3x3-neliöt sisältävät korkeintaan kertaalleen jokaisen luvuista 1–9.</p><p>Huom: ylempänä olevaan sudokuruudukkoa esittävään kuvaan on merkitty ne 3x3-neliöt, joita sudokua ratkaistessa tulee tarkastella.\nNämä ovat siis kohdista (0, 0), (0, 3), (0, 6), (3, 0), (3, 3), (3, 6), (6, 0), (6, 3) ja (6, 6) alkavat yhdeksän neliöä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsudoku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku_oikein<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"ee5b8fc7-11bd-532a-8462-2f19587db240\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoja","title":"Lisää listoista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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rakentamaan näin. Palaamme aiheeseen tarkemmin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"7384687a-fe87-53d4-be99-05a98f5e467e"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan viittaustyyppisellä muuttujalla</li>\n<li>Tiedät, että samaan olioon voi olla useampia viittauksia</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää listoja funktioiden parametreina</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan funktion sivuvaikutuksella</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän asti ajatelleet, että muuttuja on eräänlainen \"laatikko\", joka sisältää muuttujan arvon. Teknisesti ottaen tämä ei pidä paikkaansa Pythonissa: muuttujat eivät sisällä arvoa vaan ne <em>viittaavat</em> arvona olevaan <em>olioon</em>, kuten lukuun, merkkijonoon tai listaan.</p><p>Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että muuttujaan <em>ei tallenneta</em> arvoa, vaan tieto siitä paikasta, mistä muuttujan arvo löytyy.</p><p>Viittausta voidaan kuvata nuolena muuttujasta sen varsinaiseen arvoon:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 261px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 30.869565217391305%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAA1ElEQVQY041ROQ6EQAyb7/MBfsA/aCgoEHQcDQ2XOMQlxI1XzgqKbdhIljzJ2JNk1DiOKIoCdV1jnmfEcYymaZBlmSBJEjDO88R1Xa9Qx3FgWRYRMUHTaZoE5Kwx/2+om7yJ+AA7b9tWprl5VVXCu66TiaRDgoY3v8FI0xR93z8idlyWpRhxAtaZZ5imCUXXKIpkj77vCyeCIECe59A0Dbquyw7XdX0m4e750L7vgm3b4Lrut0MeeJGiXwzDIAb8LM/zEIYhbNuG4zjCLcuSPOuGYeADgRnJTrwaxUwAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/a0b58/5_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/ad293/5_2_1.webp 261w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/81c8e/5_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png 261w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png\" alt=\"5 2 1\" title=\"5 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Viittaus siis kertoo, mistä varsinainen arvo löytyy. Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">id</code> kertoo, mihin muuttuja viittaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tämäkin on viittaus\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4538357072\n4537788912</p></sample-output><p>Viittaus eli muuttujan id on kokonaisluku, jonka voi ajatella olevan muuttujan arvon sijainnin osoite tietokoneen muistissa. Huomaa, että jos suoritat yllä olevan koodin omalla koneellasi, tulos on luultavasti erilainen, koska muuttujilla on eri viitteet.</p><p>Kuten jo <a href=\"/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoja#sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\">edellisen osan</a> esimerkistä näimme, Python Tutorin visualisaattori näyttää viitteet \"nuolina\" varsinaiseen sisältöön. Visualisaattori kuitenkin \"huijaa\" merkkijonojen tapauksessa ja näyttää ne ikään kuin merkkijonon sisältö olisi tallennettu muuttujan sisälle:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/94cea/5_2_1a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 29.565217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA2klEQVQY00VQ207EIBDt//+ZzxoT48boBsEs2wKlMMBcMFLbPQ/nYeZcMjP1f0jvnYhDiBkKsxzzTkRhYNs2GCAiZhaR6RQx87yE67e18yryMCPiPM/OeQBgZiKSASI6zCKQkzFaqS+AlNJWaz02jyCAzEyttZyrSJ/2GEbEAj7Eq7J3F1trxLwbakNjw8999bHdfK7IUHLKtvcyRbcsi3POneqzkEdnyvXlYp7f9dunff24xUxQVx+eAC4TIRIRIhpjtNaDtFLKey/y9whmqZWgVCgtl7ZfsfMv95hb032qZjcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/a0b58/5_2_1a.webp 230w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/bc10c/5_2_1a.webp 460w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/966d8/5_2_1a.webp 920w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/445df/5_2_1a.webp 1380w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/78de1/5_2_1a.webp 1840w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/0dc73/5_2_1a.webp 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/81c8e/5_2_1a.png 230w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/08a84/5_2_1a.png 460w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/c0255/5_2_1a.png 920w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/b1001/5_2_1a.png 1380w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/161ec/5_2_1a.png 1840w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/94cea/5_2_1a.png 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/c0255/5_2_1a.png\" alt=\"5 2 1a\" title=\"5 2 1a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Näin ei kuitaan ole todellisuudessa, vaan merkkijonotkin käsitellään Pythonin sisäisissä rakenteissa samaan tapaan kuin listat.</p><p>Monet Pythonin sisäänrakennetut tyypit, kuten <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>, ovat <em>muuttumattomia</em>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että olion arvo ei voi koskaan muuttua. Sen sijaan arvo voidaan korvata uudella arvolla:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 281px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 85.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/a0b58/5_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/f44a8/5_2_2.webp 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/81c8e/5_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png\" alt=\"5 2 2\" title=\"5 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Pythonissa on myös tyyppejä, jotka ovat muuttuvia. Esimerkiksi listan sisältö voi muuttua ilman, että tarvitsee luoda kokonaan uusi lista:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/a0b58/5_2_3.webp 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/cadab/5_2_3.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/81c8e/5_2_3.png 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png\" alt=\"5 2 3\" title=\"5 2 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Hieman yllättäen myös lukuja ja totuusarvoja edustavat perustietotyypit <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">float</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code> ovat muuttumattomia. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Vaikka vaikuttaa siltä, että koodi muuttaa lukua, teknisesti ottaen ei näin ole, vaan jokainen komento luo uuden luvun.</p><p>Seuraavan ohjelman tulostus on mielenkiintoinen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4535856912\n4535856944\n4535856912</p></sample-output><p>Aluksi muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> viittaa paikkaan 4535856912, ja kun muuttujan arvo muuttuu, se alkaa viitata paikkaan 4535856944. Kun muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> sijoitetaan arvo 1, se alkaa viitata samaan paikkaan kuin mihin <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> viittasi, kun sen arvo oli 1.</p><p>Vaikuttaakin siltä, että Python on tallentanut luvun 1 paikkaan 4535856912 ja aina kun jonkin muuttujan arvona on 1, muuttuja <em>viittaa</em> tuohon paikkaan \"tietokoneen muistissa\".</p><p>Vaikka perustietotyypit <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">float</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code> ovat viittauksia, ohjelmoijan ei oikeastaan tarvitse välittää asiasta.</p><h2 id=\"useampi-viittaus-samaan-listaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useampi viittaus samaan listaan<a href=\"#useampi-viittaus-samaan-listaan\" aria-label=\"useampi viittaus samaan listaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä listamuuttujan arvon kopiointia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a\nb<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">b = a</code> kopioi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> arvon muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. On tärkeä kuitenkin huomata, että muuttujan arvona <em>ei ole lista</em> vaan <em>viittaus listaan</em>.</p><p>Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">b = a</code> siis kopioi viittauksen, minkä seurauksena kopioinnin jälkeen samaan listaan on kaksi viittausta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 129.99999999999997%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/a0b58/5_2_4.webp 230w,\n/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/cadab/5_2_4.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/81c8e/5_2_4.png 230w,\n/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png\" alt=\"5 2 4\" title=\"5 2 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Listaa voidaan käsitellä kumman tahansa viittauksen avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nlista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 20, 3, 4]\n[10, 20, 3, 4]</p></sample-output><p>Mikäli samaan listaan on useampia viittauksia, sitä voidaan käsitellä minkä tahansa viittauksen kautta samalla tavalla. Toisaalta yhden viittauksen kautta tehtävä muutos heijastuu myös muihin viittauksiin.</p><p>Visualisaattori näyttää jälleen selkeästi mitä ohjelmassa tapahtuu:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c6720/5_2_4a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 32.608695652173914%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA30lEQVQY03WQwW7DIAyG8/7vtcsm7bLTTu0ydQmFMMC4CWCbKUyjUaV9Bw6WP/4fhnogpew95FyOQxEBgBBCjPHWSClxY+hLRDR+qtM4T8qu68rMfT5Ns1JXACh/iMij7J1DjIhIRCLSk9u5R4lwzvk3lojuMjMbs2htELGb+6XMLuDXbCDeiOjb2Vq51n3hLqecrF2M0Yjx+OZC/D4uz2/niwbcNutevX+K8UUEB9nLCDGXUpRxp/G62NDb7o1EXEwfFx3X3DJg21zOQYQHa60xxnvfhEpcWerDb9d/+AGpwZhBrvAmDQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/a0b58/5_2_4a.webp 230w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/bc10c/5_2_4a.webp 460w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/966d8/5_2_4a.webp 920w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/445df/5_2_4a.webp 1380w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/78de1/5_2_4a.webp 1840w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/da98d/5_2_4a.webp 1922w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/81c8e/5_2_4a.png 230w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/08a84/5_2_4a.png 460w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c0255/5_2_4a.png 920w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/b1001/5_2_4a.png 1380w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/161ec/5_2_4a.png 1840w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c6720/5_2_4a.png 1922w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c0255/5_2_4a.png\" alt=\"5 2 4a\" title=\"5 2 4a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"listan-kopiointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan kopiointi<a href=\"#listan-kopiointi\" aria-label=\"listan kopiointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluamme tehdä listasta erillisen kopion, voimme luoda uuden listan ja lisätä siihen jokaisen aluperäisen listan alkion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kopio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>lista [1, 2, 3, 3, 5]\nkopio [10, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Visualisaattorilla tarkastellen kopiointi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/e431d/5_2_4b.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABGElEQVQoz32RzW7DIBCE/f4v1kY99NBTFFWtZMcQ29iADRjvD5WhcXJpPyEOLLM7mq3SHeZkZzdOFpDSEwDg7vgMAFCmOj45H1qpWjlqs4Tgmbm8bxlALBpEJCJmBoCHeJ6ttQZgI0RAfHLEef7GzDFuMW5ETMSImMWcKK5uWW5dd+s6KW/GmEPsQ5S9/q4FIjm3OG9Sgny4OnpP09Q0zfV6XZalGCu+rYsfF/F+blwkF5S1J61frH1lXh+2lVJ13Qgh+r4fxzEb2gkRL3V//pIR2IXZhxpgINr2yQB7EiUGpb3SPqxwpFV8MTPRvoIQtDFv6/pZStU4TcMweO9TSnsD+hXyE+kPqlJTSrVtK6UstxDiWOY/4h8FSwu1d8EohwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/a0b58/5_2_4b.webp 230w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/bc10c/5_2_4b.webp 460w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/966d8/5_2_4b.webp 920w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/445df/5_2_4b.webp 1380w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/78de1/5_2_4b.webp 1840w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/609ff/5_2_4b.webp 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/81c8e/5_2_4b.png 230w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/08a84/5_2_4b.png 460w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/c0255/5_2_4b.png 920w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/b1001/5_2_4b.png 1380w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/161ec/5_2_4b.png 1840w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/e431d/5_2_4b.png 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/c0255/5_2_4b.png\" alt=\"5 2 4b\" title=\"5 2 4b\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">kopio</code> siis viittaa nyt eri listaan kuin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">lista</code>.</p><p>Helpompi tapa listan kopioimiseen on hyödyntää <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-operaattoria, johon tutustuimme aiemmin kurssilla. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[:]</code> tarkoittaa, että listalta valitaan kaikki alkiot, ja tämän sivuvaikutuksena syntyy kopio listasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 20, 3, 4]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lista-funktion-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lista funktion parametrina<a href=\"#lista-funktion-parametrina\" aria-label=\"lista funktion parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun lista välitetään parametrina funktiolle, välitetään viittaus listaan. Tämä tarkoittaa, että funktio voi muuttaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio lisää uuden alkion parametrinaan saamaansa listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_alkio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 10]\n</sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_alkio</code> ei palauta mitään, vaan muuttaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa.</p><p>Visualisaattori havainnollistaa tilanteen seuraavasti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/764d0/5_2_4c.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 35.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA+UlEQVQY01WO226DMBAF+f9/62P7UFVKq0BCMdgLOOs1e6sITdTO45FGZxp/oKZY6NwN5y6UUlXVzNzdzOZ5jjHmnG93aq1mJiLNYZrqVimm1Lbd5dqP47Qui6oespnpHXcXkWNh5ofMzERrXodhiDGWUojo+WxmtVZEVFUAEOFjbJ7ZiNh1bd9fc17dzf8AAG3bIqK7r+st54KIe7Y9ICKA+dJPMWVmOSKPZ2aBeaFaN1ZYPhDfVIu7NzhDShBjJCJ3Z/GNj95fzP3UTS+vX21YVK1QX8rJrO6ybBsziwgAjGOIcZqmMYSQUlJVkT3hOi7vn98hrf6fH4cdljeAKLvbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/a0b58/5_2_4c.webp 230w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/bc10c/5_2_4c.webp 460w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/966d8/5_2_4c.webp 920w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/445df/5_2_4c.webp 1380w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/78de1/5_2_4c.webp 1840w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/b4500/5_2_4c.webp 1898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/81c8e/5_2_4c.png 230w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/08a84/5_2_4c.png 460w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/c0255/5_2_4c.png 920w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/b1001/5_2_4c.png 1380w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/161ec/5_2_4c.png 1840w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/764d0/5_2_4c.png 1898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/c0255/5_2_4c.png\" alt=\"5 2 4c\" title=\"5 2 4c\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p><em>Global frame</em> tarkoittaa pääohjelman muuttujia ja sinisellä oleva laatikko <em>lisaa_alkio</em> taas funktion parametreja ja muuttujia. Kuten visualisaatio havainnollistaa, funktio viittaa samaan listaan mihin pääohjelmakin viittaa, eli funktiossa listalle tehtävät muutokset näkyvät pääohjelmaan.</p><p>Toinen tapa olisi luoda uusi lista ja palauttaa se:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_alkio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n    kopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kopio\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lisaa_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Alkuperäinen lista:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Uusi lista:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Alkuperäinen lista: [1, 2, 3]\nUusi lista: [1, 2, 3, 10]</p></sample-output><p>Jos et ole 100% varma mitä koodissa tapahtuu, käy sen toiminta läpi visualisaattorilla!</p><h2 id=\"parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrina olevan listan muokkaaminen<a href=\"#parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\" aria-label=\"parametrina olevan listan muokkaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa on yritys tehdä funktio, joka kasvattaa parametrina saamansa listan jokaista alkiota kymmenellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alussa \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasvata_kaikkia<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"funktion jälkeen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alussa: [1, 2, 3]\nfunktion jälkeen: [1, 2, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Jostain syystä funktio ei kuitenkaan näytä toimivan. Mistä on kyse?</p><p>Funktiolle on välitetty parametrina <em>viite</em> muutettavaan listaan. Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">lista = uusilista</code> saa aikaan sen, että parametriin talletettu viite muuttaa arvoaan funktion sisällä eli se alkaa viitata funktion sisällä luotuun uuteen listaan. Sijoitus ei kuitenkaan vaikuta funktion ulkopuolelle, siellä viitataan edelleen alkuperäiseen listaan.</p><p>Seuraava kuvasarja havainnollistaa, mihin eri muuttujat viittaavat ohjelman suorituksen aikana:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 442px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 157.82608695652175%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/a0b58/5_2_6.webp 230w,\n/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/3fa5c/5_2_6.webp 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/81c8e/5_2_6.png 230w,\n/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png\" alt=\"5 2 6\" title=\"5 2 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Funktion sisällä muutettu lista siis \"kadotetaan\" kun funktiosta palataan, ja muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> viittaa koko ajan alkuperäiseen listaan.</p><p>Visualisaattori on tässäkin tapauksessa ystävä: se näyttää selkeästi, miten funktio ei koske alkuperäiseen listaan ollenkaan vaan luo uuden listan, johon muutokset tehdään:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/75d3b/5_2_4d.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 41.30434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/a0b58/5_2_4d.webp 230w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/bc10c/5_2_4d.webp 460w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/966d8/5_2_4d.webp 920w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/445df/5_2_4d.webp 1380w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/78de1/5_2_4d.webp 1840w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/ee81e/5_2_4d.webp 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/81c8e/5_2_4d.png 230w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/08a84/5_2_4d.png 460w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/c0255/5_2_4d.png 920w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/b1001/5_2_4d.png 1380w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/161ec/5_2_4d.png 1840w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/75d3b/5_2_4d.png 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/c0255/5_2_4d.png\" alt=\"5 2 4d\" title=\"5 2 4d\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yksi tapa korjata ongelma on kopioida uuden listan kaikki alkiot takaisin vanhaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kopioidaan vanhaan listaan uuden listan arvot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Pythonissa on olemassa myös ovela tapa sijoittaa monta alkiota kerrallaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkissä siis sijoitetaan \"osalistaan\" eli listan kohtiin 1 ja 2 taulukollinen alkioita.</p><p>Osalistaksi voidaan myös valita koko lista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">98</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">97</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">98</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">97</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Eli näin tulee korvatuksi koko vanhan listan sisältö. Siispä eräs toimiva versio funktiosta näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista</code></pre></div><p>...tai ilman listan kopiontia yksinkertaisesti sijoittamalla uudet arvot heti vanhaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Alkiot tuplana' tmcname='osa05-06a_alkiot_tuplana'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tuplaa_alkiot(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen lukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jossa alkuperäisen listan alkiot on kerrottu kahdella. Funkto <em>ei</em> saa muuttaa alkuperäistä listaa.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tuplaluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuplaa_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkuperäinen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tuplattu:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuplaluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alkuperäinen: [2, 4, 5, 3, 11, -4]\ntuplattu: [4, 8, 10, 6, 22, -8]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Poista pienin' tmcname='osa05-06b_poista_pienin'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_pienin(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen lukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio etsii ja poistaa listasta pienimmän alkion. Voit olettaa, että pienin alkio esiintyy listassa vain kerran.</p><p>Funktio ei siis palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    poista_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 4, 6, 3, 5]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: ruudukon tulostus ja luvun lisäys' tmcname='osa05-07_sudoku_osa5'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan vielä kaksi funktiota sudokua varten: <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">lisays</code>.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan ja tulostaa sen alla olevan esimerkkitulostuksen mukaisessa muodossa.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisays(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int, luku:int)</code> saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan, rivi- ja sarakenumerot sekä luvun väliltä 1–9. Funktio lisää luvun parametrien ilmoittamaan kohtaan sudokuruudukkoa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku  <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolme numeroa lisätty:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\nKolme numeroa lisätty:\n\n2 _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ 7  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ 3 _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong></p><p>Saatat tässä tehtävässä hyötyä siitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoa on mahdollista käyttää myös siten, että se ei aiheuta rivinvaihtoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkkejä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ilman välejä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>merkkejä ilman välejä</p></sample-output><p>Joskus taas tarvitaan pelkkää rivinvaihtoa, ja se onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: luvun lisäys ruudukon kopioon' tmcname='osa05-08_sudoku_osa6'><p>Viimeisessä sudokua käsittelevässä tehtävässä toteutetaan hieman erilainen versio funktiosta, jonka avulla sudokuruudukkoon lisätään uusia lukuja.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kopioi_ja_lisaa(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int, luku:int)</code> saa parametreikseen sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan, rivinumeron, sarakenumeron sekä luvun väliltä 1–9. Funktio <em>palauttaa</em> parametrina saadusta sudokuruudukosta <em>kopion</em>, johon on lisätty parametrina saatu luku parametrina saatuun sijaintiin sijoitettuna. Funktio <em>ei saa muuttaa</em> parametrina annettua sudokuruudukkoa.</p><p>Seuraavassa on edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> hyödyntävä käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku  <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kopioi_ja_lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Alkuperäinen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kopio:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nAlkuperäinen:\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\nKopio:\n2 _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong> tässä tehtävässä pitää olla tarkkana mitä kaikkea tulee kopioida, ja mihin lisäys lopulta kohdistuu. Kuten yleensäkin, <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattori</a> auttaa myös nyt. Sudokuruudukon koon takia näkymä tosin on hieman normaalia sekavampi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Ristinolla' tmcname='osa05-09_ristinolla'><p>Ristinollaa pelataan 3 x 3 -kokoisella ruudukolla, johon pelaajat merkitsevät vuorotellen ristin tai nollan. Pelin voittaa se pelaaja, joka saa ensimmäisenä kolme merkkiä pystyyn, vaakaan tai kulmittain. Peli päättyy tasapeliin, jos kumpikaan pelaaja ei saa kolmen sarjaa.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pelaa_siirto(lauta: list, x: int, y: int, nappula: str)</code>, jossa sijoitetaan annettu pelinappula annettuihin koordinaatteihin pelilaudalla. Koordinaattien arvot ovat väliltä 0..2.</p><p><strong>Huomaa</strong> että tässä tehtävässä parametrit ovat eri päin kuin sudokussa, ensin annetaan saraketta kuvaava <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja sen jälkeen riviä kuvaava <code class=\"language-text\">y</code>.</p><p>Pelilauta koostuu merkkijonoista seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"\"</code>: tyhjä ruutu</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"X\"</code>: pelaajan 1 merkki</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"O\"</code>: pelaajan 2 merkki</li>\n</ul><p>Funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nappula saatiin sijoitettua laudalle (eli jos paikka oli tyhjä), ja arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>, jos paikka oli varattu TAI jos koordinaatin arvo oli liian pieni tai suuri (eli ei väliltä 0..2).</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lauta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaa_siirto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"X\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\n[['', '', 'X'], ['', '', ''], ['', '', '']]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Matriisin kääntö' tmcname='osa05-10_matriisin_kaanto'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">transponoi(matriisi: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen kokonaislukuja sisältävän taulukon eli matriisin. Funktio <em>transponoi</em> matriisin eli muuntaa rivit sarakkeiksi ja päinvastoin.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että matriisissa on yhtä monta riviä kuin sarakettakin (eli matriisi on <em>neliömatriisi</em>).</p><p>Esimerkiksi matriisista</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">4</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">7</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>tulisi transponoinnin jälkeen tällainen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio ei palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa matriisia.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktioiden-sivuvaikutukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktioiden sivuvaikutukset<a href=\"#funktioiden-sivuvaikutukset\" aria-label=\"funktioiden sivuvaikutukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koska funktio saa parametrinaan viittauksen listaan, se voi muuttaa tätä listaa. Jos funktion varsinaisena tarkoituksena ei ole muuttaa listaa, muutokset voivat aiheuttaa ongelmia toisaalla ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiota, jonka tarkoituksena on etsiä listan toiseksi pienin alkio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">toiseksi_pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># järjestetyn listan toiseksi pienin alkio on kohdassa 1</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toiseksi_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n2\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n</sample-output><p>Funktio kyllä etsii ja löytää toiseksi pienimmän alkion, mutta sen lisäksi se muuttaa listan alkioiden järjestyksen. Jos järjestyksellä on merkitystä muualla ohjelmassa, funktion kutsuminen voi aiheuttaa virheitä. Esimerkin kaltaista muutosta viittauksena saatuun olioon kutsutaan funktion <em>sivuvaikutukseksi</em>.</p><p>Voimme toteuttaa funktion ilman sivuvaikutuksia näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">toiseksi_pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toiseksi_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n[1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7]</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> palauttaa uuden järjestetyn listan, toiseksi pienimmän alkion etsiminen ei enää sotke listan alkuperäistä järjestystä.</p><p>Usein pidetään hyvänä asiana, että funktiot eivät aiheuta sivuvaikutuksia, sillä sivuvaikutukset voivat hankaloittaa ohjelmien toimivuuden varmistamista.</p><p>Sivuvaikutuksettomia funktioita kutsutaan myös <em>puhtaiksi funktioiksi</em> ja erityisesti funktionaalista ohjelmointityyliä käytettäessä funktiot pyritään rakentamaan näin. 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2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio kyllä etsii ja löytää toiseksi pienimmän alkion, mutta sen lisäksi se muuttaa listan alkioiden järjestyksen. Jos järjestyksellä on merkitystä muualla ohjelmassa, funktion kutsuminen voi aiheuttaa virheitä. Esimerkin kaltaista muutosta viittauksena saatuun olioon kutsutaan funktion "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sivuvaikutukseksi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voimme toteuttaa funktion ilman sivuvaikutuksia näin:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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kopio"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nluvut "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"7"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"toiseksi_pienin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"luvut"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"luvut"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2\n[1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7]"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koska funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sorted"}]},{"type":"text","value":" palauttaa uuden järjestetyn listan, toiseksi pienimmän alkion etsiminen ei enää sotke listan alkuperäistä järjestystä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Usein pidetään hyvänä asiana, että funktiot eivät aiheuta sivuvaikutuksia, sillä sivuvaikutukset voivat hankaloittaa ohjelmien toimivuuden varmistamista."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sivuvaikutuksettomia funktioita kutsutaan myös "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"puhtaiksi funktioiksi"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja erityisesti funktionaalista ohjelmointityyliä käytettäessä funktiot pyritään rakentamaan näin. Palaamme aiheeseen tarkemmin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"7384687a-fe87-53d4-be99-05a98f5e467e"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan viittaustyyppisellä muuttujalla</li>\n<li>Tiedät, että samaan olioon voi olla useampia viittauksia</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää listoja funktioiden parametreina</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan funktion sivuvaikutuksella</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olemme tähän asti ajatelleet, että muuttuja on eräänlainen \"laatikko\", joka sisältää muuttujan arvon. Teknisesti ottaen tämä ei pidä paikkaansa Pythonissa: muuttujat eivät sisällä arvoa vaan ne <em>viittaavat</em> arvona olevaan <em>olioon</em>, kuten lukuun, merkkijonoon tai listaan.</p><p>Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa, että muuttujaan <em>ei tallenneta</em> arvoa, vaan tieto siitä paikasta, mistä muuttujan arvo löytyy.</p><p>Viittausta voidaan kuvata nuolena muuttujasta sen varsinaiseen arvoon:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 261px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 30.869565217391305%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAYAAADDl76dAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAA1ElEQVQY041ROQ6EQAyb7/MBfsA/aCgoEHQcDQ2XOMQlxI1XzgqKbdhIljzJ2JNk1DiOKIoCdV1jnmfEcYymaZBlmSBJEjDO88R1Xa9Qx3FgWRYRMUHTaZoE5Kwx/2+om7yJ+AA7b9tWprl5VVXCu66TiaRDgoY3v8FI0xR93z8idlyWpRhxAtaZZ5imCUXXKIpkj77vCyeCIECe59A0Dbquyw7XdX0m4e750L7vgm3b4Lrut0MeeJGiXwzDIAb8LM/zEIYhbNuG4zjCLcuSPOuGYeADgRnJTrwaxUwAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/a0b58/5_2_1.webp 230w,\n/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/ad293/5_2_1.webp 261w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/81c8e/5_2_1.png 230w,\n/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png 261w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8687855d3e59d8151e4fce49ec9669b0/edf96/5_2_1.png\" alt=\"5 2 1\" title=\"5 2 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Viittaus siis kertoo, mistä varsinainen arvo löytyy. Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">id</code> kertoo, mihin muuttuja viittaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Tämäkin on viittaus\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4538357072\n4537788912</p></sample-output><p>Viittaus eli muuttujan id on kokonaisluku, jonka voi ajatella olevan muuttujan arvon sijainnin osoite tietokoneen muistissa. Huomaa, että jos suoritat yllä olevan koodin omalla koneellasi, tulos on luultavasti erilainen, koska muuttujilla on eri viitteet.</p><p>Kuten jo <a href=\"/osa-5/1-lisaa-listoja#sisakkaisia-listoja-kayttavan-koodin-visualisointi\">edellisen osan</a> esimerkistä näimme, Python Tutorin visualisaattori näyttää viitteet \"nuolina\" varsinaiseen sisältöön. Visualisaattori kuitenkin \"huijaa\" merkkijonojen tapauksessa ja näyttää ne ikään kuin merkkijonon sisältö olisi tallennettu muuttujan sisälle:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/94cea/5_2_1a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 29.565217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAGCAIAAABM9SnKAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA2klEQVQY00VQ207EIBDt//+ZzxoT48boBsEs2wKlMMBcMFLbPQ/nYeZcMjP1f0jvnYhDiBkKsxzzTkRhYNs2GCAiZhaR6RQx87yE67e18yryMCPiPM/OeQBgZiKSASI6zCKQkzFaqS+AlNJWaz02jyCAzEyttZyrSJ/2GEbEAj7Eq7J3F1trxLwbakNjw8999bHdfK7IUHLKtvcyRbcsi3POneqzkEdnyvXlYp7f9dunff24xUxQVx+eAC4TIRIRIhpjtNaDtFLKey/y9whmqZWgVCgtl7ZfsfMv95hb032qZjcAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/a0b58/5_2_1a.webp 230w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/bc10c/5_2_1a.webp 460w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/966d8/5_2_1a.webp 920w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/445df/5_2_1a.webp 1380w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/78de1/5_2_1a.webp 1840w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/0dc73/5_2_1a.webp 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/81c8e/5_2_1a.png 230w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/08a84/5_2_1a.png 460w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/c0255/5_2_1a.png 920w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/b1001/5_2_1a.png 1380w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/161ec/5_2_1a.png 1840w,\n/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/94cea/5_2_1a.png 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9d19433a6bc55bf386a8fbcc572dba74/c0255/5_2_1a.png\" alt=\"5 2 1a\" title=\"5 2 1a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Näin ei kuitaan ole todellisuudessa, vaan merkkijonotkin käsitellään Pythonin sisäisissä rakenteissa samaan tapaan kuin listat.</p><p>Monet Pythonin sisäänrakennetut tyypit, kuten <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>, ovat <em>muuttumattomia</em>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että olion arvo ei voi koskaan muuttua. Sen sijaan arvo voidaan korvata uudella arvolla:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 281px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 85.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/a0b58/5_2_2.webp 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/f44a8/5_2_2.webp 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/81c8e/5_2_2.png 230w,\n/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/e24d125e0a5ab22b6d68096ab4edaa6d/6b1e2/5_2_2.png\" alt=\"5 2 2\" title=\"5 2 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Pythonissa on myös tyyppejä, jotka ovat muuttuvia. Esimerkiksi listan sisältö voi muuttua ilman, että tarvitsee luoda kokonaan uusi lista:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 70.43478260869564%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/a0b58/5_2_3.webp 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/cadab/5_2_3.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/81c8e/5_2_3.png 230w,\n/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/8b07a257ace229cc26a5eedf03a60986/5fce1/5_2_3.png\" alt=\"5 2 3\" title=\"5 2 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Hieman yllättäen myös lukuja ja totuusarvoja edustavat perustietotyypit <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">float</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code> ovat muuttumattomia. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Vaikka vaikuttaa siltä, että koodi muuttaa lukua, teknisesti ottaen ei näin ole, vaan jokainen komento luo uuden luvun.</p><p>Seuraavan ohjelman tulostus on mielenkiintoinen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\na <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">id</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4535856912\n4535856944\n4535856912</p></sample-output><p>Aluksi muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> viittaa paikkaan 4535856912, ja kun muuttujan arvo muuttuu, se alkaa viitata paikkaan 4535856944. Kun muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> sijoitetaan arvo 1, se alkaa viitata samaan paikkaan kuin mihin <code class=\"language-text\">luku</code> viittasi, kun sen arvo oli 1.</p><p>Vaikuttaakin siltä, että Python on tallentanut luvun 1 paikkaan 4535856912 ja aina kun jonkin muuttujan arvona on 1, muuttuja <em>viittaa</em> tuohon paikkaan \"tietokoneen muistissa\".</p><p>Vaikka perustietotyypit <code class=\"language-text\">int</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">float</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">bool</code> ovat viittauksia, ohjelmoijan ei oikeastaan tarvitse välittää asiasta.</p><h2 id=\"useampi-viittaus-samaan-listaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useampi viittaus samaan listaan<a href=\"#useampi-viittaus-samaan-listaan\" aria-label=\"useampi viittaus samaan listaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä listamuuttujan arvon kopiointia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">a <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nb <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a\nb<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">b = a</code> kopioi muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> arvon muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. On tärkeä kuitenkin huomata, että muuttujan arvona <em>ei ole lista</em> vaan <em>viittaus listaan</em>.</p><p>Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">b = a</code> siis kopioi viittauksen, minkä seurauksena kopioinnin jälkeen samaan listaan on kaksi viittausta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 271px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 129.99999999999997%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/a0b58/5_2_4.webp 230w,\n/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/cadab/5_2_4.webp 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/81c8e/5_2_4.png 230w,\n/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/73c7fae5118d6e5b03c576f1a9d14c3f/5fce1/5_2_4.png\" alt=\"5 2 4\" title=\"5 2 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Listaa voidaan käsitellä kumman tahansa viittauksen avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nlista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 20, 3, 4]\n[10, 20, 3, 4]</p></sample-output><p>Mikäli samaan listaan on useampia viittauksia, sitä voidaan käsitellä minkä tahansa viittauksen kautta samalla tavalla. Toisaalta yhden viittauksen kautta tehtävä muutos heijastuu myös muihin viittauksiin.</p><p>Visualisaattori näyttää jälleen selkeästi mitä ohjelmassa tapahtuu:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c6720/5_2_4a.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 32.608695652173914%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA30lEQVQY03WQwW7DIAyG8/7vtcsm7bLTTu0ydQmFMMC4CWCbKUyjUaV9Bw6WP/4fhnogpew95FyOQxEBgBBCjPHWSClxY+hLRDR+qtM4T8qu68rMfT5Ns1JXACh/iMij7J1DjIhIRCLSk9u5R4lwzvk3lojuMjMbs2htELGb+6XMLuDXbCDeiOjb2Vq51n3hLqecrF2M0Yjx+OZC/D4uz2/niwbcNutevX+K8UUEB9nLCDGXUpRxp/G62NDb7o1EXEwfFx3X3DJg21zOQYQHa60xxnvfhEpcWerDb9d/+AGpwZhBrvAmDQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/a0b58/5_2_4a.webp 230w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/bc10c/5_2_4a.webp 460w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/966d8/5_2_4a.webp 920w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/445df/5_2_4a.webp 1380w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/78de1/5_2_4a.webp 1840w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/da98d/5_2_4a.webp 1922w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/81c8e/5_2_4a.png 230w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/08a84/5_2_4a.png 460w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c0255/5_2_4a.png 920w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/b1001/5_2_4a.png 1380w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/161ec/5_2_4a.png 1840w,\n/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c6720/5_2_4a.png 1922w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/cf84b632e91094d24c611bd9d800a737/c0255/5_2_4a.png\" alt=\"5 2 4a\" title=\"5 2 4a\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"listan-kopiointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Listan kopiointi<a href=\"#listan-kopiointi\" aria-label=\"listan kopiointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluamme tehdä listasta erillisen kopion, voimme luoda uuden listan ja lisätä siihen jokaisen aluperäisen listan alkion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"lista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kopio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>lista [1, 2, 3, 3, 5]\nkopio [10, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Visualisaattorilla tarkastellen kopiointi näyttää seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/e431d/5_2_4b.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAABGElEQVQoz32RzW7DIBCE/f4v1kY99NBTFFWtZMcQ29iADRjvD5WhcXJpPyEOLLM7mq3SHeZkZzdOFpDSEwDg7vgMAFCmOj45H1qpWjlqs4Tgmbm8bxlALBpEJCJmBoCHeJ6ttQZgI0RAfHLEef7GzDFuMW5ETMSImMWcKK5uWW5dd+s6KW/GmEPsQ5S9/q4FIjm3OG9Sgny4OnpP09Q0zfV6XZalGCu+rYsfF/F+blwkF5S1J61frH1lXh+2lVJ13Qgh+r4fxzEb2gkRL3V//pIR2IXZhxpgINr2yQB7EiUGpb3SPqxwpFV8MTPRvoIQtDFv6/pZStU4TcMweO9TSnsD+hXyE+kPqlJTSrVtK6UstxDiWOY/4h8FSwu1d8EohwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/a0b58/5_2_4b.webp 230w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/bc10c/5_2_4b.webp 460w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/966d8/5_2_4b.webp 920w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/445df/5_2_4b.webp 1380w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/78de1/5_2_4b.webp 1840w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/609ff/5_2_4b.webp 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/81c8e/5_2_4b.png 230w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/08a84/5_2_4b.png 460w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/c0255/5_2_4b.png 920w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/b1001/5_2_4b.png 1380w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/161ec/5_2_4b.png 1840w,\n/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/e431d/5_2_4b.png 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/66b9f72bbac2f55cd8fac4539ba92dba/c0255/5_2_4b.png\" alt=\"5 2 4b\" title=\"5 2 4b\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">kopio</code> siis viittaa nyt eri listaan kuin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">lista</code>.</p><p>Helpompi tapa listan kopioimiseen on hyödyntää <code class=\"language-text\">[]</code>-operaattoria, johon tutustuimme aiemmin kurssilla. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[:]</code> tarkoittaa, että listalta valitaan kaikki alkiot, ja tämän sivuvaikutuksena syntyy kopio listasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\nkopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[10, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 20, 3, 4]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lista-funktion-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lista funktion parametrina<a href=\"#lista-funktion-parametrina\" aria-label=\"lista funktion parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun lista välitetään parametrina funktiolle, välitetään viittaus listaan. Tämä tarkoittaa, että funktio voi muuttaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio lisää uuden alkion parametrinaan saamaansa listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_alkio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 10]\n</sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_alkio</code> ei palauta mitään, vaan muuttaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa.</p><p>Visualisaattori havainnollistaa tilanteen seuraavasti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/764d0/5_2_4c.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 35.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAHCAIAAACHqfpvAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA+UlEQVQY01WO226DMBAF+f9/62P7UFVKq0BCMdgLOOs1e6sITdTO45FGZxp/oKZY6NwN5y6UUlXVzNzdzOZ5jjHmnG93aq1mJiLNYZrqVimm1Lbd5dqP47Qui6oespnpHXcXkWNh5ofMzERrXodhiDGWUojo+WxmtVZEVFUAEOFjbJ7ZiNh1bd9fc17dzf8AAG3bIqK7r+st54KIe7Y9ICKA+dJPMWVmOSKPZ2aBeaFaN1ZYPhDfVIu7NzhDShBjJCJ3Z/GNj95fzP3UTS+vX21YVK1QX8rJrO6ybBsziwgAjGOIcZqmMYSQUlJVkT3hOi7vn98hrf6fH4cdljeAKLvbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/a0b58/5_2_4c.webp 230w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/bc10c/5_2_4c.webp 460w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/966d8/5_2_4c.webp 920w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/445df/5_2_4c.webp 1380w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/78de1/5_2_4c.webp 1840w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/b4500/5_2_4c.webp 1898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/81c8e/5_2_4c.png 230w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/08a84/5_2_4c.png 460w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/c0255/5_2_4c.png 920w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/b1001/5_2_4c.png 1380w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/161ec/5_2_4c.png 1840w,\n/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/764d0/5_2_4c.png 1898w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/9be11dea0a28e2151e4f4f7101f82472/c0255/5_2_4c.png\" alt=\"5 2 4c\" title=\"5 2 4c\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p><em>Global frame</em> tarkoittaa pääohjelman muuttujia ja sinisellä oleva laatikko <em>lisaa_alkio</em> taas funktion parametreja ja muuttujia. Kuten visualisaatio havainnollistaa, funktio viittaa samaan listaan mihin pääohjelmakin viittaa, eli funktiossa listalle tehtävät muutokset näkyvät pääohjelmaan.</p><p>Toinen tapa olisi luoda uusi lista ja palauttaa se:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_alkio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_alkio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n    kopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kopio\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nluvut2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lisaa_alkio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Alkuperäinen lista:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Uusi lista:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Alkuperäinen lista: [1, 2, 3]\nUusi lista: [1, 2, 3, 10]</p></sample-output><p>Jos et ole 100% varma mitä koodissa tapahtuu, käy sen toiminta läpi visualisaattorilla!</p><h2 id=\"parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrina olevan listan muokkaaminen<a href=\"#parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\" aria-label=\"parametrina olevan listan muokkaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa on yritys tehdä funktio, joka kasvattaa parametrina saamansa listan jokaista alkiota kymmenellä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alussa \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasvata_kaikkia<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"funktion jälkeen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alussa: [1, 2, 3]\nfunktion jälkeen: [1, 2, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Jostain syystä funktio ei kuitenkaan näytä toimivan. Mistä on kyse?</p><p>Funktiolle on välitetty parametrina <em>viite</em> muutettavaan listaan. Sijoitus <code class=\"language-text\">lista = uusilista</code> saa aikaan sen, että parametriin talletettu viite muuttaa arvoaan funktion sisällä eli se alkaa viitata funktion sisällä luotuun uuteen listaan. Sijoitus ei kuitenkaan vaikuta funktion ulkopuolelle, siellä viitataan edelleen alkuperäiseen listaan.</p><p>Seuraava kuvasarja havainnollistaa, mihin eri muuttujat viittaavat ohjelman suorituksen aikana:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 442px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 157.82608695652175%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/a0b58/5_2_6.webp 230w,\n/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/3fa5c/5_2_6.webp 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/81c8e/5_2_6.png 230w,\n/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png 442w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/1dd6dd7dab6b2cff3cdbe11741d2b26a/e03bf/5_2_6.png\" alt=\"5 2 6\" title=\"5 2 6\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Funktion sisällä muutettu lista siis \"kadotetaan\" kun funktiosta palataan, ja muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">luvut</code> viittaa koko ajan alkuperäiseen listaan.</p><p>Visualisaattori on tässäkin tapauksessa ystävä: se näyttää selkeästi, miten funktio ei koske alkuperäiseen listaan ollenkaan vaan luo uuden listan, johon muutokset tehdään:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/75d3b/5_2_4d.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 41.30434782608695%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/a0b58/5_2_4d.webp 230w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/bc10c/5_2_4d.webp 460w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/966d8/5_2_4d.webp 920w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/445df/5_2_4d.webp 1380w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/78de1/5_2_4d.webp 1840w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/ee81e/5_2_4d.webp 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/81c8e/5_2_4d.png 230w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/08a84/5_2_4d.png 460w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/c0255/5_2_4d.png 920w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/b1001/5_2_4d.png 1380w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/161ec/5_2_4d.png 1840w,\n/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/75d3b/5_2_4d.png 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/19d3606e35d311c11edb9891cf40eeeb/c0255/5_2_4d.png\" alt=\"5 2 4d\" title=\"5 2 4d\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Yksi tapa korjata ongelma on kopioida uuden listan kaikki alkiot takaisin vanhaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kopioidaan vanhaan listaan uuden listan arvot</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Pythonissa on olemassa myös ovela tapa sijoittaa monta alkiota kerrallaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkissä siis sijoitetaan \"osalistaan\" eli listan kohtiin 1 ja 2 taulukollinen alkioita.</p><p>Osalistaksi voidaan myös valita koko lista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">98</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">97</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> lista\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">98</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">97</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Eli näin tulee korvatuksi koko vanhan listan sisältö. Siispä eräs toimiva versio funktiosta näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusilista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> alkio <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        uusilista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>alkio <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusilista</code></pre></div><p>...tai ilman listan kopiontia yksinkertaisesti sijoittamalla uudet arvot heti vanhaan listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kasvata_kaikkia</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Alkiot tuplana' tmcname='osa05-06a_alkiot_tuplana'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tuplaa_alkiot(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen lukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jossa alkuperäisen listan alkiot on kerrottu kahdella. Funkto <em>ei</em> saa muuttaa alkuperäistä listaa.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    tuplaluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tuplaa_alkiot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alkuperäinen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tuplattu:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tuplaluvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>alkuperäinen: [2, 4, 5, 3, 11, -4]\ntuplattu: [4, 8, 10, 6, 22, -8]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Poista pienin' tmcname='osa05-06b_poista_pienin'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_pienin(luvut: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen lukuja sisältävän listan.</p><p>Funktio etsii ja poistaa listasta pienimmän alkion. Voit olettaa, että pienin alkio esiintyy listassa vain kerran.</p><p>Funktio ei siis palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa listaa!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    poista_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 4, 6, 3, 5]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: ruudukon tulostus ja luvun lisäys' tmcname='osa05-07_sudoku_osa5'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan vielä kaksi funktiota sudokua varten: <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">lisays</code>.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan ja tulostaa sen alla olevan esimerkkitulostuksen mukaisessa muodossa.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisays(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int, luku:int)</code> saa parametriksi sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan, rivi- ja sarakenumerot sekä luvun väliltä 1–9. Funktio lisää luvun parametrien ilmoittamaan kohtaan sudokuruudukkoa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku  <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kolme numeroa lisätty:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\nKolme numeroa lisätty:\n\n2 _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ 7  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ 3 _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong></p><p>Saatat tässä tehtävässä hyötyä siitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komentoa on mahdollista käyttää myös siten, että se ei aiheuta rivinvaihtoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"merkkejä \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ilman välejä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>merkkejä ilman välejä</p></sample-output><p>Joskus taas tarvitaan pelkkää rivinvaihtoa, ja se onnistuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sudoku: luvun lisäys ruudukon kopioon' tmcname='osa05-08_sudoku_osa6'><p>Viimeisessä sudokua käsittelevässä tehtävässä toteutetaan hieman erilainen versio funktiosta, jonka avulla sudokuruudukkoon lisätään uusia lukuja.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kopioi_ja_lisaa(sudoku: list, rivi_nro: int, sarake_nro: int, luku:int)</code> saa parametreikseen sudokuruudukkoa esittävän kaksiulotteisen listan, rivinumeron, sarakenumeron sekä luvun väliltä 1–9. Funktio <em>palauttaa</em> parametrina saadusta sudokuruudukosta <em>kopion</em>, johon on lisätty parametrina saatu luku parametrina saatuun sijaintiin sijoitettuna. Funktio <em>ei saa muuttaa</em> parametrina annettua sudokuruudukkoa.</p><p>Seuraavassa on edellisen tehtävän funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> hyödyntävä käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sudoku  <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nkopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kopioi_ja_lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Alkuperäinen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sudoku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kopio:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nAlkuperäinen:\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\nKopio:\n2 _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n_ _ _  _ _ _  _ _ _\n\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong> tässä tehtävässä pitää olla tarkkana mitä kaikkea tulee kopioida, ja mihin lisäys lopulta kohdistuu. Kuten yleensäkin, <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattori</a> auttaa myös nyt. Sudokuruudukon koon takia näkymä tosin on hieman normaalia sekavampi.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Ristinolla' tmcname='osa05-09_ristinolla'><p>Ristinollaa pelataan 3 x 3 -kokoisella ruudukolla, johon pelaajat merkitsevät vuorotellen ristin tai nollan. Pelin voittaa se pelaaja, joka saa ensimmäisenä kolme merkkiä pystyyn, vaakaan tai kulmittain. Peli päättyy tasapeliin, jos kumpikaan pelaaja ei saa kolmen sarjaa.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pelaa_siirto(lauta: list, x: int, y: int, nappula: str)</code>, jossa sijoitetaan annettu pelinappula annettuihin koordinaatteihin pelilaudalla. Koordinaattien arvot ovat väliltä 0..2.</p><p><strong>Huomaa</strong> että tässä tehtävässä parametrit ovat eri päin kuin sudokussa, ensin annetaan saraketta kuvaava <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> ja sen jälkeen riviä kuvaava <code class=\"language-text\">y</code>.</p><p>Pelilauta koostuu merkkijonoista seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"\"</code>: tyhjä ruutu</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"X\"</code>: pelaajan 1 merkki</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"O\"</code>: pelaajan 2 merkki</li>\n</ul><p>Funktio palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos nappula saatiin sijoitettua laudalle (eli jos paikka oli tyhjä), ja arvon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>, jos paikka oli varattu TAI jos koordinaatin arvo oli liian pieni tai suuri (eli ei väliltä 0..2).</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lauta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaa_siirto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"X\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lauta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>True\n[['', '', 'X'], ['', '', ''], ['', '', '']]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Matriisin kääntö' tmcname='osa05-10_matriisin_kaanto'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">transponoi(matriisi: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kaksiulotteisen kokonaislukuja sisältävän taulukon eli matriisin. Funktio <em>transponoi</em> matriisin eli muuntaa rivit sarakkeiksi ja päinvastoin.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että matriisissa on yhtä monta riviä kuin sarakettakin (eli matriisi on <em>neliömatriisi</em>).</p><p>Esimerkiksi matriisista</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">4</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">7</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>tulisi transponoinnin jälkeen tällainen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio ei palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa matriisia.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"funktioiden-sivuvaikutukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktioiden sivuvaikutukset<a href=\"#funktioiden-sivuvaikutukset\" aria-label=\"funktioiden sivuvaikutukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Koska funktio saa parametrinaan viittauksen listaan, se voi muuttaa tätä listaa. Jos funktion varsinaisena tarkoituksena ei ole muuttaa listaa, muutokset voivat aiheuttaa ongelmia toisaalla ohjelmassa.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä funktiota, jonka tarkoituksena on etsiä listan toiseksi pienin alkio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">toiseksi_pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># järjestetyn listan toiseksi pienin alkio on kohdassa 1</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toiseksi_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n2\n[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n</sample-output><p>Funktio kyllä etsii ja löytää toiseksi pienimmän alkion, mutta sen lisäksi se muuttaa listan alkioiden järjestyksen. Jos järjestyksellä on merkitystä muualla ohjelmassa, funktion kutsuminen voi aiheuttaa virheitä. Esimerkin kaltaista muutosta viittauksena saatuun olioon kutsutaan funktion <em>sivuvaikutukseksi</em>.</p><p>Voimme toteuttaa funktion ilman sivuvaikutuksia näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">toiseksi_pienin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kopio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kopio<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nluvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>toiseksi_pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n[1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7]</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sorted</code> palauttaa uuden järjestetyn listan, toiseksi pienimmän alkion etsiminen ei enää sotke listan alkuperäistä järjestystä.</p><p>Usein pidetään hyvänä asiana, että funktiot eivät aiheuta sivuvaikutuksia, sillä sivuvaikutukset voivat hankaloittaa ohjelmien toimivuuden varmistamista.</p><p>Sivuvaikutuksettomia funktioita kutsutaan myös <em>puhtaiksi funktioiksi</em> ja erityisesti funktionaalista ohjelmointityyliä käytettäessä funktiot pyritään rakentamaan näin. Palaamme aiheeseen tarkemmin <em>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssilla</em>.</p><div><quiz id=\"7384687a-fe87-53d4-be99-05a98f5e467e\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-5/2-viittaukset","title":"Viittaukset"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-5/2-viittaukset.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Tämä hankaloittaa alkioiden etsimistä listalta: jotta löydämme tietyn alkion, on pahimmassa tapauksessa käytävä läpi koko lista.</p><p>Tutustumme seuraavaksi <em>sanakirjaan</em>, (englanniksi <em>dictionary</em>) joka on listan lisäksi toinen Pythonin perustietorakenne. Sanakirjassa jokainen alkio koostuu <em>avaimesta</em> ja <em>arvosta</em>, ja voimme etsiä ja muuttaa tietoa avaimen perusteella.</p><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-kayttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan käyttäminen<a href=\"#sanakirjan-kayttaminen\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan kayttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma näyttää esimerkin sanakirjan käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n{'apina': 'monkey', 'banaani': 'banana', 'cembalo': 'harpsichord'}\nmonkey</p></sample-output><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">{}</code> luo tyhjän sanakirjan, minkä jälkeen voimme lisätä sanakirjaan sisältöä. Tässä tapauksessa lisäämme kolme avainta <code class=\"language-text\">\"apina\"</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">\"banaani\"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">\"cembalo\"</code>, joita vastaavat arvot <code class=\"language-text\">\"monkey\"</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">\"banana\"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">\"harpsichord\"</code>. Lopuksi tulostamme koko sanakirjan sisällön ja sitten avaimen <code class=\"language-text\">\"apina\"</code> arvon.</p><p>Voisimme käyttää tätä sanakirjaa vaikka seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Käännös:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sanaa ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä käytössä on <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattori, joka sanakirjan tapauksessa tarkastaa, onko siinä tiettyä avainta. Mahdollisia ohjelman tulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>apina</strong>\nKäännös: monkey</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>pöllö</strong>\nSanaa ei löytynyt</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"mita-sanakirjassa-voi-olla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä sanakirjassa voi olla?<a href=\"#mita-sanakirjassa-voi-olla\" aria-label=\"mita sanakirjassa voi olla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Vaikka tietorakenteen nimi on sanakirja, siinä ei ole usein sanakirjaa vaan jotain muuta tietoa. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa sanakirjassa avaimet ovat merkkijonoja ja arvot ovat kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulokset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraavassa sanakirjassa puolestaan avaimet ovat kokonaislukuja ja arvot ovat listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">listat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">42</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"avaimista-ja-arvoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avaimista ja arvoista<a href=\"#avaimista-ja-arvoista\" aria-label=\"avaimista ja arvoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tietty avain voi esiintyä sanakirjassa enintään kerran. Jos asetamme samalle avaimelle uuden arvon, korvaa uusi arvo vanhan arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"big\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"large\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>large</p></sample-output><p>Sanakirjan avaimen vaatimuksena on, että sen tulee olla muuttumaton. Tämän vuoksi emme voi käyttää listaa avaimena, koska lista voi muuttua. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ei toimi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'</p></sample-output><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Hajautustaulu\"><p>Python tallentaa sanakirjan sisällön sisäisesti tietorakenteena nimeltä <em>hajautustaulu</em> (<em>hash table</em>). Ideana on laskea avaimelle <em>hajautusarvo</em> (<em>hash value</em>), jonka avulla määräytyy avaimen paikka muistissa. Yllä oleva virheilmoitus ilmaisee, että listalle ei voida laskea hajautusarvoa, joten se ei kelpaa sanakirjan avaimeksi.</p><p>Kurssilla <em>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit</em> tutustutaan tarkemmin hajautustauluihin, eli sanakirjojen pellin alla olevaan mekanismiin.</p></text-box><p>Huomaa, että sanakirjassa olevaa avainta vastaavan arvon ei tarvitse olla muuttumaton, vaan voimme tallentaa mitä tahansa tietoa arvoiksi. Sama arvo voi myös esiintyä samassa hakemistossa enemmän kuin yhden kerran.</p><programming-exercise name='Kertaa kymmenen' tmcname='osa05-10b_kertaa_kymmenen'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertaa_kymmenen(alku: int, loppu: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa uuden sanakirjan. Sanakirjassa on avaimina luvut väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">alku</code>..<code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code>.</p><p>Jokaisen avaimen arvona on avain kerrottuna kymmenellä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">d <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertaa_kymmenen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{3: 30, 4: 40, 5: 50, 6: 60}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kertomat' tmcname='osa05-11_kertomat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertomat(n: int)</code>, joka palauttaa lukujen 1..<code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kertomat sanakirjassa siten, että luku on avain ja luvun kertoma arvo, johon avain viittaa.</p><p>Muistutuksena: luvun <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kertoma <code class=\"language-text\">n</code>! lasketaan kertomalla luku kaikilla itseään pienemmillä positiivisilla kokonaisluvuilla. Luvun 4 kertoma on siis 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 24.</p><p>Esimerkki käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n6\n120</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-lapikaynti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan läpikäynti<a href=\"#sanakirjan-lapikaynti\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan lapikaynti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sanakirjan läpikäyntiin voidaan käyttää tuttuun tapaan <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa. Rakenne <code class=\"language-text\">for avain in sanakirja</code> käy läpi kaikki sanakirjan avaimet yksi kerrallaan. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa kaikki sanakirjan avaimet ja niiden arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>avain: apina\narvo: monkey\navain: banaani\narvo: banana\navain: cembalo\narvo: harpsichord</p></sample-output><p>Python tarjoaa myös mahdollisuuden käydä läpi samaan aikaan sekä avaimet että vastaavat arvot. Tämä onnistuu käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">items</code>-metodia, joka palauttaa kaikki avaimet ja arvot yksi kerrallaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että läpikäynnissä avaimet tulevat samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne on lisätty sanakirjaan. Sanakirjan avainten järjestyksellä ei kuitenkaan yleensä ole merkitystä sovelluksissa.</p><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-edistyneempi-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan edistyneempi käyttö<a href=\"#sanakirjan-edistyneempi-kaytto\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan edistyneempi kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan tilannetta, jossa listassa on joukko sanoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juusto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mehu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"makkara\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"tomaatti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kurkku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"voi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"margariini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juusto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"makkara\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"voi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suklaa\"</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Haluamme analysoida sanalistaa eri tavoin, kuten selvittää, montako kertaa kukin sana listalla esiintyy.</p><p>Sanakirja sopii tähän tilanteeseen hyvin. Ideana on käydä listan sanat läpi yksi kerrallaan ja ylläpitää sanakirjassa tietoa sanojen esiintymiskerroista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lukumaarat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># jos sana ei ole vielä tullut vastaan, alusta avaimen arvo</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># kasvata sanan esiintymislukumäärää</span>\n        sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> sanat\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kutsutaan funktiota</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukumaarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraavassa:</p><sample-output><p>{'banaani': 1, 'maito': 1, 'olut': 3, 'juusto': 2, 'piimä': 3, 'mehu': 1, 'makkara': 2, 'tomaatti': 1, 'kurkku': 1, 'voi': 2, 'margariini': 1, 'suklaa': 1}</p></sample-output><p>Tehdään vielä toinen sanalistaa käsittelevä metodi, joka jaottelee listalla olevat sanat niiden alkukirjaimen mukaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjaimen_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ryhmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        alkukirjain <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># alusta alkukirjaimeen liittyvä lista kun kirjain tulee vastaan 1. kerran</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkukirjain <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää sana alkukirjainta vastaavalle listalle</span>\n        ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> ryhmat\n\nryhmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkukirjaimen_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kirjaimella </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> alkavat sanat: \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio toimii pitkälti saman periaatteen mukaan kuin edellisen esimerkin funktio. Tällä kertaa kuitenkin sanakirjassa avaimiin (eli alkukirjaimiin) liittyvät arvot ovat listoja.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraavassa:</p><sample-output><p>kirjaimella b alkavat sanat:\nbanaani\nkirjaimella m alkavat sanat:\nmaito\nmehu\nmakkara\nmargariini\nmakkara\nkirjaimella o alkavat sanat:\nolut\nolut\nolut\nkirjaimella j alkavat sanat:\njuusto\njuusto\nkirjaimella p alkavat sanat:\npiimä\npiimä\npiimä\nkirjaimella t alkavat sanat:\ntomaatti\nkirjaimella k alkavat sanat:\nkurkku\nkirjaimella v alkavat sanat:\nvoi\nvoi\nkirjaimella s alkavat sanat:\nsuklaa</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Histogrammi' tmcname='osa05-12_histogrammi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi</code>, joka saa parametrina merkkijonon ja tulostaa merkkijonon eri kirjainten lukumäärää kuvaavan histogrammin, jossa kirjaimen jokaista esiintymää kohti tulostuu yksi tähti kirjaimen riville.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi(\"abba\")</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\na **\nb **\n</pre></sample-output><p>Vastaavasti kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi(\"saippuakauppias\")</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\ns **\na ****\ni **\np ****\nu **\nk *\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelo, versio 1' tmcname='osa05-13_puhelinluettelo_versio1'><p>Tee puhelinluettelo, joka toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>040-5466745</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>emilia</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-1212344</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>maija</strong>\nei numeroa\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>09-22223333</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n09-22223333\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>3</strong>\nlopetetaan...</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että jokaiseen nimeen voi liittyä vain yksi puhelinnumero. Jos samalle henkilölle lisätään uusi numero, se korvaa aiemmin lisätyn numeron.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelo, versio 2' tmcname='osa05-14_puhelinluettelo_versio2'><p>Tee puhelinluettelosta paranneltu versio, missä jokaisella henkilöllä voi olla useampia puhelinnumeroita. Ohjelma toimii kuten edellisessä tehtävässä, mutta nyt se listaa jokaisen numeron:</p><sample-output><p>komento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>040-5466745</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>emilia</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-1212344</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>maija</strong>\nei numeroa\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>09-22223333</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\n09-22223333\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>3</strong>\nlopetetaan...</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"avaimien-poistaminen-sanakirjasta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avaimien poistaminen sanakirjasta<a href=\"#avaimien-poistaminen-sanakirjasta\" aria-label=\"avaimien poistaminen sanakirjasta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sanakirjasta on mahdollista myös poistaa avain-arvo-pareja. Menetelmiä tähän on kaksi. Ensimmäinen näistä on komento <code class=\"language-text\">del</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Antti': 'lehtori', 'Emilia': 'professori'}</p></sample-output><p>Jos komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">del</code> kutsutaan avaimille, joita sanakirjassa ei ole, seurauksena on virhe:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n>>> del henkilokunta[\"Jukka\"]\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nKeyError: 'Jukka'\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ennen poistoa on siis syytä tarkistaa, että poistettava avain löytyy sanakirjasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toinen vaihtoehto alkion poistamiseen on metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Antti': 'lehtori', 'Emilia': 'professori'}\nPoistettiin lehtori</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> siis myös palauttaa poistettua avainta vastaavan arvon.</p><p>Oletusarvoisesti myös <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> aiheuttaa virheen, jos sanakirjasta yritetään poistaa avain, jota siellä ei ole. Metodille on kuitenkin mahdollista antaa toisena parametrina <em>oletusarvoinen paluuarvo</em>, joka palautetaan siinä tilanteessa, kun poistettavaa ei löydy. Esimerkiksi arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>, joka tarkoittaa \"ei mitään\", sopii hyvin tälläisiin tilanteisiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> poistettu <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa huomata, että jos on tarvetta poistaa koko sanakirjan sisältö:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>seurauksena on virheilmoitus</p><sample-output><p>RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration</p></sample-output><p>Syynä on se, että käytäessä läpi rakennetta <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella, ei sen sisältöä saa muuttaa.</p><p>Koko sanakirjan tyhjennys onnistuu komennolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>clear<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Sanakirjan kääntö' tmcname='osa05-15_sanakirjan_kaanto'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaanna(sanakirja: dict)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen sanakirjan ja kääntää sen niin, että arvoista tulee avaimia ja päinvastoin.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nkaanna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{\"eka\": 1, \"toka\": 2, \"kolmas\": 3, \"neljas\": 4}</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että <a href=\"/osa-5/2-viittaukset#parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\">tämä</a> pitää paikkansa myös parametrina oleville sanakirjoille!</p><p>Jos kohtaat tehtävässä ongelmia, katso <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a> mitä koodisi tekee.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Luvut sanoina' tmcname='osa05-16_luvut_sanoina'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lukukirja()</code>, joka palauttaa uuden sanakirjan. Palautettu rakenne sisältää avaimina luvut nollasta 99:ään. Sanakirjan arvoina ovat luvut kirjaimin kirjoitettuna. Katso esimerkkiä alla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lukukirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>kaksi\nyksitoista\nneljäkymmentäviisi\nyhdensänkymmentäyhdeksän\nnolla</p></sample-output><p>HUOM! Älä muodosta jokaista lukusanaa yksitellen, vaan mieti, miten voisit hyödyntää silmukoita ja sanakirjaa jotenkin ratkaisussasi!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sanakirja-tiedon-ryhmittelyssa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirja tiedon ryhmittelyssä<a href=\"#sanakirja-tiedon-ryhmittelyssa\" aria-label=\"sanakirja tiedon ryhmittelyssa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme käyttää sanakirjaa myös tiedon ryhmittelyssä. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo sanakirjan, jossa on tietoa henkilöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä:\"</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että henkilön nimi on Pirjo Python, pituus on 154, paino on 61 ja ikä on 44.\nHuomaa, että olisimme voineet tallentaa tiedot myös näin muuttujiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjan etuna on kuitenkin, että se kokoaa kaikki samaan asiaan liittyvät tiedot yhteisen nimen alle, jonka kautta voimme viitata tietoihin. Periaatteessa lista tarjoaa saman edun:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">153</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Listan huono puoli on kuitenkin, että ohjelmoijan on muistettava, mihin kohtaan listaa mikäkin arvo tallennetaan. Pitää siis muistaa esimerkiksi, että <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo[2]</code> tarkoittaa painoa ja <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo[3]</code> ikää. Sanakirjassa tätä ongelmaa ei ole, sillä kaikki sanakirjassa olevat erilliset tiedot on tallennettu selkeästi nimetyn avaimen taakse.</p><p>Esimerkiksi voimme käsitellä henkilöitä näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">174</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">103</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">31</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pedro Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">191</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">71</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nhenkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nyhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskipituus on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pirjo Python\nPekka Pythonen\nPedro Python\nKeskipituus on 173.0</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Elokuvarekisteri' tmcname='osa05-17_elokuvarekisteri'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_elokuva(rekisteri: list, nimi: str, ohjaaja: str, vuosi: int, pituus: int)</code>, joka lisää yhden elokuvaolion elokuvarekisteriin.</p><p>Rekisteri on toteutettu listana, ja jokainen listan alkio on yksi sanakirja. Sanakirjassa on seuraavat avaimet:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>ohjaaja</li>\n<li>vuosi</li>\n<li>pituus</li>\n</ul><p>Arvot tulevat metodin parametreina.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rekisteri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlisaa_elokuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonin viemää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">116</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_elokuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python lentokoneessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Renny Pytholin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">94</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[{\"nimi\": \"Pythonin viemää\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Pekka Python\", \"vuosi\": 2017, \"pituus\": 116}, {\"nimi\": \"Python lentokoneessa\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Renny Pytholin\", \"vuosi\": 2001, \"pituus\": 94}]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Etsi elokuvat' tmcname='osa05-17b_etsi_elokuvat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_elokuvat(rekisteri: list, hakusana: str)</code>, joka käsittelee edellisessä tehtävässä luotua elokuvarekisteriä. Funktio muodostaa uuden listan, jolle kopioidaan rekisteristä ne elokuvat, joiden nimestä löytyy hakusana. Pienet ja isot kirjaimet eivät merkitse haussa, joten hakusanalla <code class=\"language-text\">paj</code> pitää löytyä sekä elokuva <code class=\"language-text\">Tappajahai</code> että elokuva <code class=\"language-text\">Pajatoiminnan historia</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rekisteri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonin viemää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">116</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python lentokoneessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Renny Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">94</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Koodaajien yö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"M. Night Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2011</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">101</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etsi_elokuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[{\"nimi\": \"Pythonin viemää\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Pekka Python\", \"vuosi\": 2017, \"pituus\": 116}, {\"nimi\": \"Python lentokoneessa\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Renny Pythonen\", \"vuosi\": 2001, \"pituus\": 94}]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"61bfc0f9-fcbf-56ec-a157-afed3fe96128\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-5/3-dictionary","title":"Sanakirja"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-5/3-dictionary.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Tämä hankaloittaa alkioiden etsimistä listalta: jotta löydämme tietyn alkion, on pahimmassa tapauksessa käytävä läpi koko lista.</p><p>Tutustumme seuraavaksi <em>sanakirjaan</em>, (englanniksi <em>dictionary</em>) joka on listan lisäksi toinen Pythonin perustietorakenne. Sanakirjassa jokainen alkio koostuu <em>avaimesta</em> ja <em>arvosta</em>, ja voimme etsiä ja muuttaa tietoa avaimen perusteella.</p><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-kayttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan käyttäminen<a href=\"#sanakirjan-kayttaminen\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan kayttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava ohjelma näyttää esimerkin sanakirjan käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n{'apina': 'monkey', 'banaani': 'banana', 'cembalo': 'harpsichord'}\nmonkey</p></sample-output><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">{}</code> luo tyhjän sanakirjan, minkä jälkeen voimme lisätä sanakirjaan sisältöä. Tässä tapauksessa lisäämme kolme avainta <code class=\"language-text\">\"apina\"</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">\"banaani\"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">\"cembalo\"</code>, joita vastaavat arvot <code class=\"language-text\">\"monkey\"</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">\"banana\"</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">\"harpsichord\"</code>. Lopuksi tulostamme koko sanakirjan sisällön ja sitten avaimen <code class=\"language-text\">\"apina\"</code> arvon.</p><p>Voisimme käyttää tätä sanakirjaa vaikka seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna sana: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Käännös:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sanaa ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä käytössä on <code class=\"language-text\">in</code>-operaattori, joka sanakirjan tapauksessa tarkastaa, onko siinä tiettyä avainta. Mahdollisia ohjelman tulostuksia:</p><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>apina</strong>\nKäännös: monkey</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna sana: <strong>pöllö</strong>\nSanaa ei löytynyt</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"mita-sanakirjassa-voi-olla\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä sanakirjassa voi olla?<a href=\"#mita-sanakirjassa-voi-olla\" aria-label=\"mita sanakirjassa voi olla permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Vaikka tietorakenteen nimi on sanakirja, siinä ei ole usein sanakirjaa vaan jotain muuta tietoa. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa sanakirjassa avaimet ovat merkkijonoja ja arvot ovat kokonaislukuja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulokset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\ntulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kalle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span></code></pre></div><p>Seuraavassa sanakirjassa puolestaan avaimet ovat kokonaislukuja ja arvot ovat listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">listat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">42</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlistat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"avaimista-ja-arvoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avaimista ja arvoista<a href=\"#avaimista-ja-arvoista\" aria-label=\"avaimista ja arvoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tietty avain voi esiintyä sanakirjassa enintään kerran. Jos asetamme samalle avaimelle uuden arvon, korvaa uusi arvo vanhan arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"big\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"large\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"suuri\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>large</p></sample-output><p>Sanakirjan avaimen vaatimuksena on, että sen tulee olla muuttumaton. Tämän vuoksi emme voi käyttää listaa avaimena, koska lista voi muuttua. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ei toimi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'</p></sample-output><text-box variant=\"hint\" name=\"Hajautustaulu\"><p>Python tallentaa sanakirjan sisällön sisäisesti tietorakenteena nimeltä <em>hajautustaulu</em> (<em>hash table</em>). Ideana on laskea avaimelle <em>hajautusarvo</em> (<em>hash value</em>), jonka avulla määräytyy avaimen paikka muistissa. Yllä oleva virheilmoitus ilmaisee, että listalle ei voida laskea hajautusarvoa, joten se ei kelpaa sanakirjan avaimeksi.</p><p>Kurssilla <em>Tietorakenteet ja algoritmit</em> tutustutaan tarkemmin hajautustauluihin, eli sanakirjojen pellin alla olevaan mekanismiin.</p></text-box><p>Huomaa, että sanakirjassa olevaa avainta vastaavan arvon ei tarvitse olla muuttumaton, vaan voimme tallentaa mitä tahansa tietoa arvoiksi. Sama arvo voi myös esiintyä samassa hakemistossa enemmän kuin yhden kerran.</p><programming-exercise name='Kertaa kymmenen' tmcname='osa05-10b_kertaa_kymmenen'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertaa_kymmenen(alku: int, loppu: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa uuden sanakirjan. Sanakirjassa on avaimina luvut väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">alku</code>..<code class=\"language-text\">loppu</code>.</p><p>Jokaisen avaimen arvona on avain kerrottuna kymmenellä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">d <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertaa_kymmenen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>d<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{3: 30, 4: 40, 5: 50, 6: 60}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kertomat' tmcname='osa05-11_kertomat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertomat(n: int)</code>, joka palauttaa lukujen 1..<code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kertomat sanakirjassa siten, että luku on avain ja luvun kertoma arvo, johon avain viittaa.</p><p>Muistutuksena: luvun <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kertoma <code class=\"language-text\">n</code>! lasketaan kertomalla luku kaikilla itseään pienemmillä positiivisilla kokonaisluvuilla. Luvun 4 kertoma on siis 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 24.</p><p>Esimerkki käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kertomat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n6\n120</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-lapikaynti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan läpikäynti<a href=\"#sanakirjan-lapikaynti\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan lapikaynti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sanakirjan läpikäyntiin voidaan käyttää tuttuun tapaan <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa. Rakenne <code class=\"language-text\">for avain in sanakirja</code> käy läpi kaikki sanakirjan avaimet yksi kerrallaan. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa kaikki sanakirjan avaimet ja niiden arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>avain: apina\narvo: monkey\navain: banaani\narvo: banana\navain: cembalo\narvo: harpsichord</p></sample-output><p>Python tarjoaa myös mahdollisuuden käydä läpi samaan aikaan sekä avaimet että vastaavat arvot. Tämä onnistuu käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">items</code>-metodia, joka palauttaa kaikki avaimet ja arvot yksi kerrallaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että läpikäynnissä avaimet tulevat samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne on lisätty sanakirjaan. Sanakirjan avainten järjestyksellä ei kuitenkaan yleensä ole merkitystä sovelluksissa.</p><h2 id=\"sanakirjan-edistyneempi-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirjan edistyneempi käyttö<a href=\"#sanakirjan-edistyneempi-kaytto\" aria-label=\"sanakirjan edistyneempi kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan tilannetta, jossa listassa on joukko sanoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juusto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"mehu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"makkara\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"tomaatti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kurkku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"voi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"margariini\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"juusto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"makkara\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"piimä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"voi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"olut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"suklaa\"</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Haluamme analysoida sanalistaa eri tavoin, kuten selvittää, montako kertaa kukin sana listalla esiintyy.</p><p>Sanakirja sopii tähän tilanteeseen hyvin. Ideana on käydä listan sanat läpi yksi kerrallaan ja ylläpitää sanakirjassa tietoa sanojen esiintymiskerroista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lukumaarat</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># jos sana ei ole vielä tullut vastaan, alusta avaimen arvo</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># kasvata sanan esiintymislukumäärää</span>\n        sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> sanat\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kutsutaan funktiota</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lukumaarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraavassa:</p><sample-output><p>{'banaani': 1, 'maito': 1, 'olut': 3, 'juusto': 2, 'piimä': 3, 'mehu': 1, 'makkara': 2, 'tomaatti': 1, 'kurkku': 1, 'voi': 2, 'margariini': 1, 'suklaa': 1}</p></sample-output><p>Tehdään vielä toinen sanalistaa käsittelevä metodi, joka jaottelee listalla olevat sanat niiden alkukirjaimen mukaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">alkukirjaimen_mukaan</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ryhmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        alkukirjain <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># alusta alkukirjaimeen liittyvä lista kun kirjain tulee vastaan 1. kerran</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> alkukirjain <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää sana alkukirjainta vastaavalle listalle</span>\n        ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>alkukirjain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> ryhmat\n\nryhmat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkukirjaimen_mukaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> ryhmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"kirjaimella </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> alkavat sanat: \"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio toimii pitkälti saman periaatteen mukaan kuin edellisen esimerkin funktio. Tällä kertaa kuitenkin sanakirjassa avaimiin (eli alkukirjaimiin) liittyvät arvot ovat listoja.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus on seuraavassa:</p><sample-output><p>kirjaimella b alkavat sanat:\nbanaani\nkirjaimella m alkavat sanat:\nmaito\nmehu\nmakkara\nmargariini\nmakkara\nkirjaimella o alkavat sanat:\nolut\nolut\nolut\nkirjaimella j alkavat sanat:\njuusto\njuusto\nkirjaimella p alkavat sanat:\npiimä\npiimä\npiimä\nkirjaimella t alkavat sanat:\ntomaatti\nkirjaimella k alkavat sanat:\nkurkku\nkirjaimella v alkavat sanat:\nvoi\nvoi\nkirjaimella s alkavat sanat:\nsuklaa</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Histogrammi' tmcname='osa05-12_histogrammi'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi</code>, joka saa parametrina merkkijonon ja tulostaa merkkijonon eri kirjainten lukumäärää kuvaavan histogrammin, jossa kirjaimen jokaista esiintymää kohti tulostuu yksi tähti kirjaimen riville.</p><p>Esimerkiksi kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi(\"abba\")</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\na **\nb **\n</pre></sample-output><p>Vastaavasti kutsuttaessa <code class=\"language-text\">histogrammi(\"saippuakauppias\")</code> tulostus on:</p><sample-output><pre>\ns **\na ****\ni **\np ****\nu **\nk *\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelo, versio 1' tmcname='osa05-13_puhelinluettelo_versio1'><p>Tee puhelinluettelo, joka toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>komento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>040-5466745</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>emilia</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-1212344</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>maija</strong>\nei numeroa\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>09-22223333</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n09-22223333\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>3</strong>\nlopetetaan...</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että jokaiseen nimeen voi liittyä vain yksi puhelinnumero. Jos samalle henkilölle lisätään uusi numero, se korvaa aiemmin lisätyn numeron.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Puhelinluettelo, versio 2' tmcname='osa05-14_puhelinluettelo_versio2'><p>Tee puhelinluettelosta paranneltu versio, missä jokaisella henkilöllä voi olla useampia puhelinnumeroita. Ohjelma toimii kuten edellisessä tehtävässä, mutta nyt se listaa jokaisen numeron:</p><sample-output><p>komento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>040-5466745</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>emilia</strong>\nnumero: <strong>045-1212344</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>maija</strong>\nei numeroa\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>2</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\nnumero: <strong>09-22223333</strong>\nok!\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>1</strong>\nnimi: <strong>pekka</strong>\n040-5466745\n09-22223333\nkomento (1 hae, 2 lisää, 3 lopeta): <strong>3</strong>\nlopetetaan...</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"avaimien-poistaminen-sanakirjasta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Avaimien poistaminen sanakirjasta<a href=\"#avaimien-poistaminen-sanakirjasta\" aria-label=\"avaimien poistaminen sanakirjasta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Sanakirjasta on mahdollista myös poistaa avain-arvo-pareja. Menetelmiä tähän on kaksi. Ensimmäinen näistä on komento <code class=\"language-text\">del</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Antti': 'lehtori', 'Emilia': 'professori'}</p></sample-output><p>Jos komentoa <code class=\"language-text\">del</code> kutsutaan avaimille, joita sanakirjassa ei ole, seurauksena on virhe:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n>>> del henkilokunta[\"Jukka\"]\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nKeyError: 'Jukka'\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ennen poistoa on siis syytä tarkistaa, että poistettava avain löytyy sanakirjasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Toinen vaihtoehto alkion poistamiseen on metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Antti': 'lehtori', 'Emilia': 'professori'}\nPoistettiin lehtori</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> siis myös palauttaa poistettua avainta vastaavan arvon.</p><p>Oletusarvoisesti myös <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code> aiheuttaa virheen, jos sanakirjasta yritetään poistaa avain, jota siellä ei ole. Metodille on kuitenkin mahdollista antaa toisena parametrina <em>oletusarvoinen paluuarvo</em>, joka palautetaan siinä tilanteessa, kun poistettavaa ei löydy. Esimerkiksi arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>, joka tarkoittaa \"ei mitään\", sopii hyvin tälläisiin tilanteisiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> poistettu <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Poistettiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Poistettavaa henkilöä ei löytynyt henkilökunnasta</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa huomata, että jos on tarvetta poistaa koko sanakirjan sisältö:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"professori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lehtori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">del</span> henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>seurauksena on virheilmoitus</p><sample-output><p>RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration</p></sample-output><p>Syynä on se, että käytäessä läpi rakennetta <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-lauseella, ei sen sisältöä saa muuttaa.</p><p>Koko sanakirjan tyhjennys onnistuu komennolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilokunta<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>clear<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Sanakirjan kääntö' tmcname='osa05-15_sanakirjan_kaanto'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kaanna(sanakirja: dict)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen sanakirjan ja kääntää sen niin, että arvoista tulee avaimia ja päinvastoin.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"eka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"toka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kolmas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"neljas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nkaanna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>s<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{\"eka\": 1, \"toka\": 2, \"kolmas\": 3, \"neljas\": 4}</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että <a href=\"/osa-5/2-viittaukset#parametrina-olevan-listan-muokkaaminen\">tämä</a> pitää paikkansa myös parametrina oleville sanakirjoille!</p><p>Jos kohtaat tehtävässä ongelmia, katso <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualisaattorilla</a> mitä koodisi tekee.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Luvut sanoina' tmcname='osa05-16_luvut_sanoina'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lukukirja()</code>, joka palauttaa uuden sanakirjan. Palautettu rakenne sisältää avaimina luvut nollasta 99:ään. Sanakirjan arvoina ovat luvut kirjaimin kirjoitettuna. Katso esimerkkiä alla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lukukirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">99</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>kaksi\nyksitoista\nneljäkymmentäviisi\nyhdensänkymmentäyhdeksän\nnolla</p></sample-output><p>HUOM! Älä muodosta jokaista lukusanaa yksitellen, vaan mieti, miten voisit hyödyntää silmukoita ja sanakirjaa jotenkin ratkaisussasi!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"sanakirja-tiedon-ryhmittelyssa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sanakirja tiedon ryhmittelyssä<a href=\"#sanakirja-tiedon-ryhmittelyssa\" aria-label=\"sanakirja tiedon ryhmittelyssa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme käyttää sanakirjaa myös tiedon ryhmittelyssä. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo sanakirjan, jossa on tietoa henkilöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä:\"</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tarkoittaa, että henkilön nimi on Pirjo Python, pituus on 154, paino on 61 ja ikä on 44.\nHuomaa, että olisimme voineet tallentaa tiedot myös näin muuttujiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span>\npituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span>\npaino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span>\nika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjan etuna on kuitenkin, että se kokoaa kaikki samaan asiaan liittyvät tiedot yhteisen nimen alle, jonka kautta voimme viitata tietoihin. Periaatteessa lista tarjoaa saman edun:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">153</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Listan huono puoli on kuitenkin, että ohjelmoijan on muistettava, mihin kohtaan listaa mikäkin arvo tallennetaan. Pitää siis muistaa esimerkiksi, että <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo[2]</code> tarkoittaa painoa ja <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo[3]</code> ikää. Sanakirjassa tätä ongelmaa ei ole, sillä kaikki sanakirjassa olevat erilliset tiedot on tallennettu selkeästi nimetyn avaimen taakse.</p><p>Esimerkiksi voimme käsitellä henkilöitä näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">154</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">61</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">174</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">103</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">31</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pedro Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">191</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"paino\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">71</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nhenkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nyhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskipituus on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pirjo Python\nPekka Pythonen\nPedro Python\nKeskipituus on 173.0</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Elokuvarekisteri' tmcname='osa05-17_elokuvarekisteri'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_elokuva(rekisteri: list, nimi: str, ohjaaja: str, vuosi: int, pituus: int)</code>, joka lisää yhden elokuvaolion elokuvarekisteriin.</p><p>Rekisteri on toteutettu listana, ja jokainen listan alkio on yksi sanakirja. Sanakirjassa on seuraavat avaimet:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi</li>\n<li>ohjaaja</li>\n<li>vuosi</li>\n<li>pituus</li>\n</ul><p>Arvot tulevat metodin parametreina.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rekisteri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlisaa_elokuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonin viemää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">116</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_elokuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python lentokoneessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Renny Pytholin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">94</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[{\"nimi\": \"Pythonin viemää\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Pekka Python\", \"vuosi\": 2017, \"pituus\": 116}, {\"nimi\": \"Python lentokoneessa\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Renny Pytholin\", \"vuosi\": 2001, \"pituus\": 94}]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Etsi elokuvat' tmcname='osa05-17b_etsi_elokuvat'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">etsi_elokuvat(rekisteri: list, hakusana: str)</code>, joka käsittelee edellisessä tehtävässä luotua elokuvarekisteriä. Funktio muodostaa uuden listan, jolle kopioidaan rekisteristä ne elokuvat, joiden nimestä löytyy hakusana. Pienet ja isot kirjaimet eivät merkitse haussa, joten hakusanalla <code class=\"language-text\">paj</code> pitää löytyä sekä elokuva <code class=\"language-text\">Tappajahai</code> että elokuva <code class=\"language-text\">Pajatoiminnan historia</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">rekisteri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonin viemää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">116</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Python lentokoneessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Renny Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">94</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Koodaajien yö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjaaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"M. Night Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2011</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pituus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">101</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etsi_elokuvat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rekisteri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[{\"nimi\": \"Pythonin viemää\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Pekka Python\", \"vuosi\": 2017, \"pituus\": 116}, {\"nimi\": \"Python lentokoneessa\", \"ohjaaja\": \"Renny Pythonen\", \"vuosi\": 2001, \"pituus\": 94}]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"61bfc0f9-fcbf-56ec-a157-afed3fe96128\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-5/3-dictionary","title":"Sanakirja"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-5/3-dictionary.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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seuraavalta"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"opiskelijoita 2\neniten suorituksia 3 Pekka\nparas keskiarvo 4.5 Liisa\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kirjainruudukko","tmcname":"osa05-21_kirjainruudukko"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämän osan huipentaa suhteellisen haastava ongelmanratkaisua vaativa tehtävä, jonka voi ratkaista monella eri tavalla. Vaikka tehtävä on tupleja käsittelevässä luvussa, tupleja tässä tuskin kannattaa käyttää."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kirjainruudukon oheisten esimerkkien mukaisesti. Voit olettaa, että kerroksia on enintään 26."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerrokset: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"CCCCC\nCBBBC\nCBABC\nCBBBC\nCCCCC\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerrokset: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"DDDDDDD\nDCCCCCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCBABCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCCCCCD\nDDDDDDD\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"80966e29-402a-55c4-a555-49ec9f14d65c"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"115efd0a-e1c3-52ea-a81a-b020d1863707"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, millainen tietorakenne on tuple</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa tuplen erityyppisistä arvoista</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä eroa on tuplella ja listalla</li>\n<li>Tiedät esimerkkejä tyypillisistä tavoista käyttää tuplea</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tuple eli monikko on listan tapainen tietorakenne. Sen olennaiset erot listaan ovat:</p><ul>\n<li>Tuple merkitään kaarisuluilla <code class=\"language-text\">(</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">)</code>, lista merkitään hakasuluilla <code class=\"language-text\">[</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">]</code></li>\n<li>Tuple on <em>muuttumaton</em>, kun taas listan sisältö voi muuttua</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo tuplen, jossa on pisteen koordinaatit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tuplen sisällä oleviin alkioihin viitataan samalla tavalla kuin listassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x-koordinaatti:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"y-koordinaatti:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>x-koordinaatti: 10\ny-koordinaatti: 20</p></sample-output><p>Tuplen määrittelyn jälkeen sen arvoa ei kuitenkaan voi muuttaa, eli seuraava koodi <em>ei</em> toimi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npiste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Muodosta tuple' tmcname='osa05-17c_muodosta_tuple'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tee_tuple(x: int, y: int, z: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa parametrinaan saamistaan kokonaisluvuista tuplen seuraavien sääntöjen mukaaan:</p><ol>\n<li>Tuplen ensimmäinen alkio on parametreista pienin</li>\n<li>Tuplen toinen alkio on parametreista suurin</li>\n<li>Tuplen kolmas alkio on parametrien summa</li>\n</ol><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tee_tuple<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(-1, 5, 7)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhin henkilöistä' tmcname='osa05-18_vanhin_henkiloista'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhin(henkilot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan henkilöitä esittäviä tupleja. Funktio etsii ja palauttaa vanhimman henkilön nimen.</p><p>Henkilötuplessa on ensin henkilön nimi merkkijonona ja toisena alkiona henkilön <em>syntymävuosi</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">h1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1977</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Einari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1953</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Essi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>h1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Maija</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhemmat henkilöt' tmcname='osa05-19_vanhemmat_henkilot'><p>Oletetaan, että meillä on edelleen käytössä edellisessä tehtävässä esitellyt henkilö-tuplet.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhemmat(henkilot: list, vuosi: int)</code>, joka palauttaa uuden listan, jolle on tallennettu kaikki <em>ennen</em> annettua vuotta syntyneet henkilöiden nimet parametrina saadulta henkilöiden listalta.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">h1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1977</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Einari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1953</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Essi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>h1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nvanhemmat_henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vanhemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1979</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanhemmat_henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[ 'Arto', Maija' ]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"miksi-tuple-on-olemassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Miksi tuple on olemassa?<a href=\"#miksi-tuple-on-olemassa\" aria-label=\"miksi tuple on olemassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tuplen ideana on tallentaa jokin kiinteä kokoelma arvoja, jotka liittyvät toisiinsa. Esimerkiksi kun tallennamme pisteen, jossa on x- ja y-koordinaatti, tuple on luonteva valinta, koska pisteeseen kuuluu aina kaksi arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voisimme sinänsä tallentaa pisteen myös listana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei kuitenkaan tuntuisi yhtä hyvältä ratkaisulta, koska lista sisältää peräkkäisiä alkioita jossakin järjestyksessä ja sen koko voi muuttua. Kun tallennamme pisteen, haluamme tallentaa nimenomaan x- ja y-koordinaatin eikä listaa koordinaateista.</p><p>Koska tuple on muuttumaton, sitä voidaan käyttää sanakirjan avaimena (toisin kuin listaa).\nEsimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma luo sanakirjan, jonka avaimet ovat pisteitä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\napina\n</sample-output><p>Vastaava koodi <em>ei</em> toimisi, jos käyttäisimme listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"tuple-ilman-sulkuja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tuple ilman sulkuja<a href=\"#tuple-ilman-sulkuja\" aria-label=\"tuple ilman sulkuja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tuplen määrittelyssä ei ole pakko antaa sulkuja. Esimerkiksi seuraavat koodit toimivat samalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän ansiosta voimme tehdä luontevasti funktion, joka palauttaa useita arvoja tuplena. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">minmax</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">88</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">312</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\npienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Pienin luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin luku on 5 ja suurin on 312</p></sample-output><p>Tämä funktio palauttaa kaksi arvoa tuplena, ja funktion paluuarvo vastaanotetaan \"yhtä aikaa\" kahteen muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa sijoitusoperaation vasemmalla puolella on tuple, jonka sisällä oleviin muuttujiin asetetaan funktion palauttaman tuplen sisältämät arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjojen yhteydessä esiteltiin <code class=\"language-text\">items</code>-metodiin perustuvaa tapaa käydä läpi sanakirjan kaikki avaimet ja arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässäkin Python käyttää taustalla tupleja: <code class=\"language-text\">sanakirja.items()</code> palauttaa yksi kerrallaan avain-arvo-parit tuplena, jonka ensimmäinen alkio on avain ja toinen arvo.</p><p>Vielä yksi tuplen käyttötarkoitus on kahden muuttujan arvon vaihtaminen keskenään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku1</code></pre></div><p>Yllä oleva koodi vaihtaa keskenään muuttujien <code class=\"language-text\">luku1</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">luku2</code> arvot, eli koodi toimii samoin kuin seuraava, apumuuttujaa käyttävä koodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku1\nluku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku2\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> apu</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Opiskelijarekisteri' tmcname='osa05-20_opiskelijarekisteri'><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa toteutetaan yksinkertainen opiskelijarekisteri. Ennen ohjelmoinnin aloittamista kannattanee hetki miettiä, minkälaisen tietorakenteen tarvitset ohjelman tallentamien tietojen organisointiin.</p><h4 id=\"opiskelijoiden-lisays\" style=\"position:relative;\">opiskelijoiden lisäys<a href=\"#opiskelijoiden-lisays\" aria-label=\"opiskelijoiden lisays permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Toteuta ensin funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_opiskelija</code> uuden opiskelijan lisäämiseen sekä ensimmäinen versio funktiosta <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code>, joka tulostaa yhden opiskelijan tiedot.</p><p>Funktioita käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa tässä vaiheessa</p><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n ei suorituksia\nLiisa:\n ei suorituksia\nei löytynyt ketään nimellä Jukka\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"suoritusten-lisays\" style=\"position:relative;\">suoritusten lisäys<a href=\"#suoritusten-lisays\" aria-label=\"suoritusten lisays permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_suoritus</code>, jonka avulla opiskelijalle voidaan lisätä kurssin suoritus. Suoritus on tuple, joka koostuu kurssin nimestä ja arvosanasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Opiskelijan tietojen tulostus muuttuu, kun suorituksia on lisätty:</p><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n suorituksia 2 kurssilta:\n  Ohpe 3\n  Tira 2\n keskiarvo 2.5\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"arvosanojen-korotus\" style=\"position:relative;\">arvosanojen korotus<a href=\"#arvosanojen-korotus\" aria-label=\"arvosanojen korotus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Suorituksen lisäämisen pitää toimia siten, että se jättää arvosanan 0 suoritukset huomiotta eikä alenna kurssilla ennestään olevaa arvosanaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n suorituksia 2 kurssilta:\n  Ohpe 3\n  Tira 2\n keskiarvo 2.5\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"kooste-opiskelijoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">kooste opiskelijoista<a href=\"#kooste-opiskelijoista\" aria-label=\"kooste opiskelijoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kooste</code>, joka tulostaa koosteen opiskelijoiden suorituksista. Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jtkt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkooste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostus näyttää seuraavalta</p><sample-output><pre>\nopiskelijoita 2\neniten suorituksia 3 Pekka\nparas keskiarvo 4.5 Liisa\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name=\"Kirjainruudukko\" tmcname=\"osa05-21_kirjainruudukko\"><p>Tämän osan huipentaa suhteellisen haastava ongelmanratkaisua vaativa tehtävä, jonka voi ratkaista monella eri tavalla. Vaikka tehtävä on tupleja käsittelevässä luvussa, tupleja tässä tuskin kannattaa käyttää.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kirjainruudukon oheisten esimerkkien mukaisesti. Voit olettaa, että kerroksia on enintään 26.</p><sample-output><p>Kerrokset: <strong>3</strong></p><pre>\nCCCCC\nCBBBC\nCBABC\nCBBBC\nCCCCC\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerrokset: <strong>4</strong></p><pre>\nDDDDDDD\nDCCCCCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCBABCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCCCCCD\nDDDDDDD\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"80966e29-402a-55c4-a555-49ec9f14d65c\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz 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Vaikka tehtävä on tupleja käsittelevässä luvussa, tupleja tässä tuskin kannattaa käyttää."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kirjainruudukon oheisten esimerkkien mukaisesti. Voit olettaa, että kerroksia on enintään 26."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerrokset: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"CCCCC\nCBBBC\nCBABC\nCBBBC\nCCCCC\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kerrokset: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"DDDDDDD\nDCCCCCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCBABCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCCCCCD\nDDDDDDD\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"80966e29-402a-55c4-a555-49ec9f14d65c"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"115efd0a-e1c3-52ea-a81a-b020d1863707"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, millainen tietorakenne on tuple</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa tuplen erityyppisistä arvoista</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä eroa on tuplella ja listalla</li>\n<li>Tiedät esimerkkejä tyypillisistä tavoista käyttää tuplea</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tuple eli monikko on listan tapainen tietorakenne. Sen olennaiset erot listaan ovat:</p><ul>\n<li>Tuple merkitään kaarisuluilla <code class=\"language-text\">(</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">)</code>, lista merkitään hakasuluilla <code class=\"language-text\">[</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">]</code></li>\n<li>Tuple on <em>muuttumaton</em>, kun taas listan sisältö voi muuttua</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi luo tuplen, jossa on pisteen koordinaatit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tuplen sisällä oleviin alkioihin viitataan samalla tavalla kuin listassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"x-koordinaatti:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"y-koordinaatti:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>x-koordinaatti: 10\ny-koordinaatti: 20</p></sample-output><p>Tuplen määrittelyn jälkeen sen arvoa ei kuitenkaan voi muuttaa, eli seuraava koodi <em>ei</em> toimi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npiste<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Muodosta tuple' tmcname='osa05-17c_muodosta_tuple'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tee_tuple(x: int, y: int, z: int)</code>, joka muodostaa ja palauttaa parametrinaan saamistaan kokonaisluvuista tuplen seuraavien sääntöjen mukaaan:</p><ol>\n<li>Tuplen ensimmäinen alkio on parametreista pienin</li>\n<li>Tuplen toinen alkio on parametreista suurin</li>\n<li>Tuplen kolmas alkio on parametrien summa</li>\n</ol><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tee_tuple<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(-1, 5, 7)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhin henkilöistä' tmcname='osa05-18_vanhin_henkiloista'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhin(henkilot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan henkilöitä esittäviä tupleja. Funktio etsii ja palauttaa vanhimman henkilön nimen.</p><p>Henkilötuplessa on ensin henkilön nimi merkkijonona ja toisena alkiona henkilön <em>syntymävuosi</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">h1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1977</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Einari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1953</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Essi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>h1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Maija</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhemmat henkilöt' tmcname='osa05-19_vanhemmat_henkilot'><p>Oletetaan, että meillä on edelleen käytössä edellisessä tehtävässä esitellyt henkilö-tuplet.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhemmat(henkilot: list, vuosi: int)</code>, joka palauttaa uuden listan, jolle on tallennettu kaikki <em>ennen</em> annettua vuotta syntyneet henkilöiden nimet parametrina saadulta henkilöiden listalta.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">h1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1977</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Einari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1985</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1953</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nh4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Essi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1997</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>h1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> h4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\nvanhemmat_henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vanhemmat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1979</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vanhemmat_henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[ 'Arto', Maija' ]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"miksi-tuple-on-olemassa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Miksi tuple on olemassa?<a href=\"#miksi-tuple-on-olemassa\" aria-label=\"miksi tuple on olemassa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tuplen ideana on tallentaa jokin kiinteä kokoelma arvoja, jotka liittyvät toisiinsa. Esimerkiksi kun tallennamme pisteen, jossa on x- ja y-koordinaatti, tuple on luonteva valinta, koska pisteeseen kuuluu aina kaksi arvoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voisimme sinänsä tallentaa pisteen myös listana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei kuitenkaan tuntuisi yhtä hyvältä ratkaisulta, koska lista sisältää peräkkäisiä alkioita jossakin järjestyksessä ja sen koko voi muuttua. Kun tallennamme pisteen, haluamme tallentaa nimenomaan x- ja y-koordinaatin eikä listaa koordinaateista.</p><p>Koska tuple on muuttumaton, sitä voidaan käyttää sanakirjan avaimena (toisin kuin listaa).\nEsimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma luo sanakirjan, jonka avaimet ovat pisteitä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\napina\n</sample-output><p>Vastaava koodi <em>ei</em> toimisi, jos käyttäisimme listoja:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span>\npisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"tuple-ilman-sulkuja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tuple ilman sulkuja<a href=\"#tuple-ilman-sulkuja\" aria-label=\"tuple ilman sulkuja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tuplen määrittelyssä ei ole pakko antaa sulkuja. Esimerkiksi seuraavat koodit toimivat samalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän ansiosta voimme tehdä luontevasti funktion, joka palauttaa useita arvoja tuplena. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">minmax</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">21</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">88</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">312</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\npienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Pienin luku on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pienin luku on 5 ja suurin on 312</p></sample-output><p>Tämä funktio palauttaa kaksi arvoa tuplena, ja funktion paluuarvo vastaanotetaan \"yhtä aikaa\" kahteen muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä tapauksessa sijoitusoperaation vasemmalla puolella on tuple, jonka sisällä oleviin muuttujiin asetetaan funktion palauttaman tuplen sisältämät arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> minmax<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjojen yhteydessä esiteltiin <code class=\"language-text\">items</code>-metodiin perustuvaa tapaa käydä läpi sanakirjan kaikki avaimet ja arvot:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"monkey\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banana\"</span>\nsanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"harpsichord\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"avain:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> avain<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässäkin Python käyttää taustalla tupleja: <code class=\"language-text\">sanakirja.items()</code> palauttaa yksi kerrallaan avain-arvo-parit tuplena, jonka ensimmäinen alkio on avain ja toinen arvo.</p><p>Vielä yksi tuplen käyttötarkoitus on kahden muuttujan arvon vaihtaminen keskenään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku1</code></pre></div><p>Yllä oleva koodi vaihtaa keskenään muuttujien <code class=\"language-text\">luku1</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">luku2</code> arvot, eli koodi toimii samoin kuin seuraava, apumuuttujaa käyttävä koodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku1\nluku1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> luku2\nluku2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> apu</code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Opiskelijarekisteri' tmcname='osa05-20_opiskelijarekisteri'><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa toteutetaan yksinkertainen opiskelijarekisteri. Ennen ohjelmoinnin aloittamista kannattanee hetki miettiä, minkälaisen tietorakenteen tarvitset ohjelman tallentamien tietojen organisointiin.</p><h4 id=\"opiskelijoiden-lisays\" style=\"position:relative;\">opiskelijoiden lisäys<a href=\"#opiskelijoiden-lisays\" aria-label=\"opiskelijoiden lisays permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Toteuta ensin funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_opiskelija</code> uuden opiskelijan lisäämiseen sekä ensimmäinen versio funktiosta <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code>, joka tulostaa yhden opiskelijan tiedot.</p><p>Funktioita käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jukka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa tässä vaiheessa</p><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n ei suorituksia\nLiisa:\n ei suorituksia\nei löytynyt ketään nimellä Jukka\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"suoritusten-lisays\" style=\"position:relative;\">suoritusten lisäys<a href=\"#suoritusten-lisays\" aria-label=\"suoritusten lisays permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_suoritus</code>, jonka avulla opiskelijalle voidaan lisätä kurssin suoritus. Suoritus on tuple, joka koostuu kurssin nimestä ja arvosanasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Opiskelijan tietojen tulostus muuttuu, kun suorituksia on lisätty:</p><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n suorituksia 2 kurssilta:\n  Ohpe 3\n  Tira 2\n keskiarvo 2.5\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"arvosanojen-korotus\" style=\"position:relative;\">arvosanojen korotus<a href=\"#arvosanojen-korotus\" aria-label=\"arvosanojen korotus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Suorituksen lisäämisen pitää toimia siten, että se jättää arvosanan 0 suoritukset huomiotta eikä alenna kurssilla ennestään olevaa arvosanaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\nPekka:\n suorituksia 2 kurssilta:\n  Ohpe 3\n  Tira 2\n keskiarvo 2.5\n</pre></sample-output><h4 id=\"kooste-opiskelijoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">kooste opiskelijoista<a href=\"#kooste-opiskelijoista\" aria-label=\"kooste opiskelijoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kooste</code>, joka tulostaa koosteen opiskelijoiden suorituksista. Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Liisa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jtkt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkooste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulostus näyttää seuraavalta</p><sample-output><pre>\nopiskelijoita 2\neniten suorituksia 3 Pekka\nparas keskiarvo 4.5 Liisa\n</pre></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name=\"Kirjainruudukko\" tmcname=\"osa05-21_kirjainruudukko\"><p>Tämän osan huipentaa suhteellisen haastava ongelmanratkaisua vaativa tehtävä, jonka voi ratkaista monella eri tavalla. Vaikka tehtävä on tupleja käsittelevässä luvussa, tupleja tässä tuskin kannattaa käyttää.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka tulostaa kirjainruudukon oheisten esimerkkien mukaisesti. Voit olettaa, että kerroksia on enintään 26.</p><sample-output><p>Kerrokset: <strong>3</strong></p><pre>\nCCCCC\nCBBBC\nCBABC\nCBBBC\nCCCCC\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Kerrokset: <strong>4</strong></p><pre>\nDDDDDDD\nDCCCCCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCBABCD\nDCBBBCD\nDCCCCCD\nDDDDDDD\n</pre></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"80966e29-402a-55c4-a555-49ec9f14d65c\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz 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Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><p>Yksi tavallinen ohjelmoinnin käyttötarkoitus on käsitellä tiedostoissa olevaa tietoa. Ohjelmat voivat lukea tietoa tiedostoista ja tallentaa tuloksia tiedostoihin. Tiedostojen avulla voimme käsitellä suuriakin aineistoja helposti automaattisesti.</p><p>Oletamme tällä kurssilla, että käsiteltävät tiedostot ovat <em>tekstitiedostoja</em> eli ne muodostuvat riveistä, joilla on tekstiä. Esimerkiksi kurssilla käytetty Visual Studio Code -editori käsittelee tekstitiedostoja. Huomaa, että esimerkiksi Word-dokumentti ei ole tekstitiedosto, vaan siinä on tekstin lisäksi muotoilutietoja ja sen käsittely ohjelmallisesti olisi vaikeaa.</p><h2 id=\"tiedostosta-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedostosta lukeminen<a href=\"#tiedostosta-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"tiedostosta lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Käytetään esimerkkinä tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">esimerkki.txt</code>, jonka sisältönä on:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nViimeinen rivi.</p></sample-data><p>Hyvä tapa käsitellä tiedostoja Pythonissa on käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lausetta, jonka alkurivi avaa tiedoston. Tämän jälkeen tulee lohko, jonka sisällä tiedostoa voi käsitellä. Lohkon jälkeen tiedosto sulkeutuu automaattisesti, eikä sitä voi enää käsitellä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi lukee ja tulostaa tiedoston sisällön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sisalto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sisalto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nViimeinen rivi.</p></sample-output><p>Koodissa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">tiedosto</code> on <em>tiedostokahva</em>, jonka kautta tiedostoa voi käsitellä avaamisen jälkeen. Tässä tapauksessa käytämme metodia <code class=\"language-text\">read</code>, joka palauttaa koko tiedoston sisällön yhtenä merkkijonona. Tässä tapauksessa palautettu merkkijono on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"text\"><pre class=\"language-text\"><code class=\"language-text\">\"Moi kaikki!\\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\\nViimeinen rivi.\"</code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedoston-sisallon-lapikaynti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedoston sisällön läpikäynti<a href=\"#tiedoston-sisallon-lapikaynti\" aria-label=\"tiedoston sisallon lapikaynti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">read</code> on näppärä, jos halutaan esimerkiksi tulostaa tiedoston sisältö kokonaisuudessaan ruudulle. Usein haluamme kuitenkin käsitellä tiedostoa rivi kerrallaan.</p><p>Voimme käyttää tiedoston sisällön lukemiseen <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa, joka käy läpi tiedoston rivit yksi kerrallaan – siis samaan tapaan kuin esimerkiksi listan läpikäynnissä.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki lukee saman tiedoston nyt käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa, poistaa joka rivin perästä rivinvaihdon ja laskee rivien yhteispituuden:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> pituus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivien yhteispituus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yhteispituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Rivi 1 Moi kaikki!\nRivi 2 Esimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nRivi 3 Viimeinen rivi.\nRivien yhteispituus: 63</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että rivien läpikäynnissä jokaisen rivin perässä on rivinvaihto <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>. Yllä oleva koodi kuitenkin poistaa rivinvaihdot <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>-funktiolla, joka korvaa rivinvaihdot tyhjillä merkkijonoilla. Tämän ansiosta tulostukseen ei tule ylimääräisiä rivivaihtoja ja ohjelma laskee oikein tiedoston rivien yhteispituuden.</p><programming-exercise name='Suurin luku' tmcname='osa06-01_suurin_luku'><p>Tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">luvut.txt</code> on tallennettu lukuja, yksi luku per rivi seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">45</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">108</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token parameter variable\">-10</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">1100</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin</code>, joka lukee tiedoston ja palauttaa suurimman tiedostosta löytyvän luvun.</p><p>Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">luvut.txt</code> eikä funktiolle anneta parametria.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla seuraavaa heti tehtävän jälkeen olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä jos VS code ei löydä tiedostoja koodia suoritettaessa?<a href=\"#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\" aria-label=\"mita jos vs code ei loyda tiedostoja koodia suoritettaessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa suorittaessasi koodia (vihreää nappia painamalla) vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla seuraavaa:</p><ul>\n<li>Mene asetuksiin valikosta <em>File</em> -> <em>Preferences</em> -> <em>Settings</em></li>\n<li>Etsi muutettava kohta hakusanalla \"executeinfile\"</li>\n<li>Valitse välilehti <em>Workspace</em></li>\n<li>Laita raksi kohtaan <em>Python</em> -> <em>Terminal</em> -> <em>Execute In File Dir</em></li>\n</ul><p>Oikein tehtynä asetus näyttää suunilleen seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/e405b/6_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 16.521739130434785%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAADCAIAAAAcOLh5AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAZElEQVQI11XOQQqAMAwEwP5DknRNkNIilaInvXn3/8+RKIoOOe4uCQAQHYDWWq01/xS/UnLO07rP+9HbEEU8DQT+SCmZmZqlB77GRdvGUCa687+yiDAzVH3i8hb9MyZQJ0xv/gSEjBk5LU20dgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/a0b58/6_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/bc10c/6_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/966d8/6_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/445df/6_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/9b2c8/6_1_1.webp 1566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/81c8e/6_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/08a84/6_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/c0255/6_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/b1001/6_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/e405b/6_1_1.png 1566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/c0255/6_1_1.png\" alt=\"6 1 1\" title=\"6 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos edellinenkään ei toimi, voit kopioida kansiossa <em>src</em> olevan testaukseen käytetyn tiedoston sisällön</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/6297e/6_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 22.17391304347826%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAApklEQVQI123N0QqCQBAFUH/CUVlnt3JnVtcSyx1XikKCHur/PyhQih463KcLl5s87rcQRcLoa98037TO1czsFtba6p/kFESm8+U6HyTuT4FcY11Dtd9WVH4gol7keQ4Aa4OIySBjfxwkyKuLc90P5ImYiHeWtdmYRVmWSqmiKLIsAwCllDFGa50EiW3Xj3F6tjKQr5YlE28tozbrISKmaQoAiPg7fgOYxyLFEKvBSAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/a0b58/6_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/bc10c/6_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/966d8/6_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/445df/6_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/78de1/6_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/4b7c9/6_1_2.webp 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/81c8e/6_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/08a84/6_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/c0255/6_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/b1001/6_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/161ec/6_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/6297e/6_1_2.png 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/c0255/6_1_2.png\" alt=\"6 1 2\" title=\"6 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>suoraan tehtäväkansion alle</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/6297e/6_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.956521739130434%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAt0lEQVQY023P3Q6CMAwFYN6DjqjtNta1MxlDdILGxBvf/4UMGO/4cm5Pf5pa79N0m+eHSBJJMSqzMKv3vaqklPq+995ba51zdkNkPR2COzallJzL8/lalketc86FWWJUIsfMqtq2bdd1sDF/AOaE2AzDUIYyjmPOWUQRiWidjYgxRlU1xnQ7DBGtmyWdy2ViZqL1ul8QSSQyMwDsVI1BxOZ6md65fsYlyTms3/6iznnd7JYBIITwBcyRLmVWTxqEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/a0b58/6_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/bc10c/6_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/966d8/6_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/445df/6_1_3.webp 1380w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/78de1/6_1_3.webp 1840w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/4b7c9/6_1_3.webp 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/81c8e/6_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/08a84/6_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/c0255/6_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/b1001/6_1_3.png 1380w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/161ec/6_1_3.png 1840w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/6297e/6_1_3.png 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/c0255/6_1_3.png\" alt=\"6 1 3\" title=\"6 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedostoja lukevan koodin debuggaus<a href=\"#tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\" aria-label=\"tiedostoja lukevan koodin debuggaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos yrität käyttää VS Coden <a href=\"/osa-4/1-vscode#debuggeri\">debuggeria</a> tiedostoja lukevan koodin suorittamiseen, törmäät ikävään virheilmoitukseen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/eff3b/6_1_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 31.304347826086953%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/a0b58/6_1_4.webp 230w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/bc10c/6_1_4.webp 460w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/966d8/6_1_4.webp 920w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/445df/6_1_4.webp 1380w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/78de1/6_1_4.webp 1840w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/5340a/6_1_4.webp 2072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/81c8e/6_1_4.png 230w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/08a84/6_1_4.png 460w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/c0255/6_1_4.png 920w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/b1001/6_1_4.png 1380w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/161ec/6_1_4.png 1840w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/eff3b/6_1_4.png 2072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/c0255/6_1_4.png\" alt=\"6 1 4\" title=\"6 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Syynä tälle on se, että debuggeri etsii tiedostoja tehtäväkansion juuresta eikä edes <em>Execute In File Dir</em> -asetus ei asiaa muuta. Helpoin ratkaisu ongelmaan on edellisessä luvussa kuvattu testaukseen käytetyn tiedoston kopioiminen  tehtävähakemiston juureen.</p><p>Kun olet kopioinut tiedostot tehtävähakemiston juureen, joudut ehkä vielä käynnistämään visual studio coden uudelleen jotta kaikki toimisi.</p><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-tiedosto (<em>Comma Separated Values</em>) on tekstitiedosto, jonka jokaisella rivillä on tietyllä välimerkillä erotettua tietoa. Välimerkkinä on usein pilkku <code class=\"language-text\">,</code> tai puolipiste <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>, mutta mikä tahansa muukin merkki on periaatteessa mahdollinen.</p><p>CSV-tiedostoja käytetään usein erilaisten aineistojen esittämiseen. Myös Excelin ja muiden vastaavien ohjelmien taulukot voidaan tallentaa CSV-muodossa, jolloin niitä on helppo käsitellä muilla ohjelmilla.</p><p>Voimme lukea CSV-tiedoston rivit <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla, mutta miten erottaa rivillä olevat tiedot toisistaan? Helppo tapa on käyttää merkkijonojen <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-metodia: metodille annetaan haluttu välimerkki, ja se palauttaa tiedot välimerkin mukaan eroteltuna listana merkkijonoja.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina,banaani,cembalo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>apina\nbanaani\ncembalo</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat.csv</code>, joka sisältää jokaisella rivillä aluksi opiskelijan nimen ja sen jälkeen tämän eri kursseista saamat arvosanat. Tiedot on erotettu toisistaan puolipisteillä.</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;5;4;5;3;4;5;5;4;2;4\nPaula;3;4;2;4;4;2;3;1;3;3\nPirjo;4;5;5;4;5;5;4;5;4;4</p></sample-data><p>Seuraava ohjelma käy läpi tiedoston rivit, jakaa jokaisen rivin osiin ja näyttää opiskelijan nimen sekä arvosanat.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosanat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        arvosanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arvosanat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nimi: Pekka\nArvosanat: ['5', '4', '5', '3', '4', '5', '5', '4', '2', '4']\nNimi: Paula\nArvosanat: ['3', '4', '2', '4', '4', '2', '3', '1', '3', '3']\nNimi: Pirjo\nArvosanat: ['4', '5', '5', '4', '5', '5', '4', '5', '4', '4']</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Hedelmäkauppa' tmcname='osa06-02_hedelmakauppa'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">hedelmat.csv</code> on hedelmiä hintoineen seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">banaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">6.50</span>\nomena<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">4.95</span>\nappelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">8.0</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_hedelmat</code>, joka lukee hedelmätiedoston ja muodostaa siitä sanakirjan, jossa hedelmän nimi on avain ja hinta arvo. Hinnan tulee olla <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>-arvona sanakirjassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">hedelmat.csv</code> eikä funktiolle anneta parametria.</p><p>Lopuksi funktio palauttaa tämän sanakirjan.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Matriisi' tmcname='osa06-03_matriisi'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">matriisi.txt</code> on seuraavan esimerkin kaltainen matriisi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">1,0</span>,2,8,2,1,3,2,5,2,2,2\n<span class=\"token number\">9,2</span>,4,5,2,4,2,4,1,10,4,2\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi</code>, jotka lukevat ja palauttavat nimensä mukaisesti matriisin kaikkien alkioiden summan ja suurimman alkion.</p><p>Kirjoita lisäksi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivisummat</code>, joka palauttaa listassa kaikkien matriisin rivien summat. Esimerkiksi matriisille</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">1,2</span>,3\n<span class=\"token number\">2,3</span>,4</code></pre></div><p>funktio palauttaisi listan <code class=\"language-text\">[6, 9]</code>.</p><p>Vinkki: Voit kirjoittaa ohjelmaan myös muita funktioita – kannattaa siis miettiä, mitä kaikkia yhteisiä toimintoja kolmea funktiota varten vaaditaan. Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">matriisi.txt</code> eikä tehtävänannossa määritellyille funktioille anneta parametreja. Itse lisäämäsi funktiot voivat hyödyntää myös parametreja.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"saman-tiedoston-lukeminen-moneen-kertaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Saman tiedoston lukeminen moneen kertaan<a href=\"#saman-tiedoston-lukeminen-moneen-kertaan\" aria-label=\"saman tiedoston lukeminen moneen kertaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joissain tilanteissa ohjelman on tarvetta lukea sama tiedosto useampaan kertaan. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa ohjelmaa, joka käsittelee henkilötietoja sisältävää tiedostoa:</p><sample-data>\nPekka;40;Helsinki\nEmilia;34;Espoo\nErkki;42;Turku\nAntti;100;Helsinki\nLiisa;58;Suonenjoki\n</sample-data><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\n    vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n            vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma aiheuttaa erikoisen virheilmoituksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Traceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nUnboundLocalError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> local variable <span class=\"token string\">'vanhin'</span> referenced before assignment</code></pre></div><p>Syynä virheelle on se, että jälkimmäistä for-silmukkaa ei suoriteta ollenkaan, sillä tiedoston voi lukea vain kerran. Tämän jälkeen ollaan päästy \"tiedoston loppuun\", ja vaikka yritetään lukea tiedostosta lisää jälkimmäisessä silmukassa, tietoon ei päästä enää käsiksi.</p><p>Tiedosto onkin avattava uudelleen komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">open</code> toista lukukertaa varten:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\n    vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n            vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yleensä aina on kuitenkin parasta lukea tiedosto vain kerran ja tallentaa se muotoon, jota ohjelman toiminnallisuudet pystyvät hyödyntämään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luetaan tiedostosta henkilöt listaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\nvanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"lisaa-csv-tiedoston-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää CSV-tiedoston käsittelyä<a href=\"#lisaa-csv-tiedoston-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"lisaa csv tiedoston kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jatketaan opiskelijoiden arvosanoja sisältävän tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat.csv</code> käsittelyä. Tiedosto näyttää siis seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;5;4;5;3;4;5;5;4;2;4\nPaula;3;4;2;4;4;2;3;1;3;3\nPirjo;4;5;5;4;5;5;4;5;4;4</p></sample-data><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo tiedoston perusteella sanakirjan <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat</code>, jossa jokainen avain on opiskelijan nimi ja vastaava arvo on lista arvosanoista. Ohjelma muuttaa arvosanat kokonaisluvuiksi, jotta niitä on mukavampaa käsitellä myöhemmin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">arvosanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosanat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvosana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Pekka': [5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4], 'Paula': [3, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3], 'Pirjo': [4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4]}</p></sample-output><p>Tämän jälkeen voimme vaikkapa tulostaa analyysin arvosanoista käymällä läpi sanakirjan <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat</code> perusteella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    keskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: paras arvosana </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>paras<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskiarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.2f</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka: paras arvosana 5, keskiarvo 4.10\nPaula: paras arvosana 4, keskiarvo 2.90\nPirjo: paras arvosana 5, keskiarvo 4.50</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa tutustua huolella esimerkkikoodiin. Se voi ensisilmäyksellä vaikuttaa monimutkaiselta, mutta ratkaisu on helposti sovellettavissa monenlaisiin datatiedostoihin.</p><h2 id=\"eroon-turhista-riveista-valilyonneista-ja-rivinvaihdoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eroon turhista riveistä, välilyönneistä ja rivinvaihdoista<a href=\"#eroon-turhista-riveista-valilyonneista-ja-rivinvaihdoista\" aria-label=\"eroon turhista riveista valilyonneista ja rivinvaihdoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme tallentaneet Excelistä nimiä taulukon CSV-muodossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> sukunimi\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Python\nJaana<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Java\nHeikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Haskell</code></pre></div><p>Kuten tyypillistä, Excel on lisännyt sarakkeiden väliin erottimena toimivan puolipisteen lisäksi myös välilyönnin.</p><p>Haluamme tulostaa listalla olevat sukunimet. Koska ensimmäinen rivi kertoo sarakkeiden otsikot, ohitamme sen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ohitetaan otsikkorivi</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"etunimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>[' Python\\n', ' Java\\n', ' Haskell']</p></sample-output><p>Kaikkiin paitsi viimeiseen rivin sukunimeen on jäänyt mukaan rivinvaihtomerkki, ja jokaisen sukunimen alkuun on jäänyt ikävä välilyönti.</p><p>Pääsisimme näistä eroon aiempien esimerkkien tapaan käyttämällä metodia <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>, mutta parempi vaihtoehto tässä tilanteessa on käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">strip</code>, joka poistaa merkkijonon alusta ja lopusta ns. whitespace-merkit, eli välilyönnit, rivinvaihdot ja muut normaalina merkkinä tulostumattomat merkit.</p><p>Kokeillaan metodin toimintaa konsolissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" koe \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'koe'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\\ntesti\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'testi'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Tarvittava muutos ohjelmaan on helppo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"etunimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä oli otsikkorivi, ei huomioida!</span>\n        sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen tulostus on halutunlainen:</p><sample-output><p>['Python', 'Java', 'Haskell']</p></sample-output><p>Merkkijonoilla on myös metodit <code class=\"language-text\">lstrip</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">rstrip</code>, jotka poistavat ainoastaan merkkijonon vasemmalla tai oikealla puolella olevia merkkejä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" testimerkkijono  \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rstrip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">' testimerkkijono'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" testimerkkijono  \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lstrip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'testimerkkijono  '</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"eri-tiedostoissa-olevien-tietojen-yhdistely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eri tiedostoissa olevien tietojen yhdistely<a href=\"#eri-tiedostoissa-olevien-tietojen-yhdistely\" aria-label=\"eri tiedostoissa olevien tietojen yhdistely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>On hyvin yleistä, että ohjelmassa tarvittava data on talletettu useaan erilliseen tiedostoon. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa yrityksen henkilöstön tiedot ovat omassa tiedostossaan <code class=\"language-text\">tyontekijat.csv</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">hetu;nimi;osoite;kaupunki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">080488-123X;Pekka Mikkola;Vilppulantie 7;00700 Helsinki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">290274-044S;Liisa Marttinen;Mannerheimintie 100 A 10;00100 Helsinki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010479-007Z;Arto Vihavainen;Pihapolku 4;01010 Kerava</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010499-345K;Leevi Hellas;Tapiolantie 11 B;02000 Espoo</span></code></pre></div><p>Työntekijöiden palkat taas ovat talletettu omaan tiedostoonsa <code class=\"language-text\">palkat.csv</code></p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">hetu;palkka;bonus</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">080488-123X;3300;0</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">290274-044S;4150;200</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010479-007Z;1300;1200</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien tiedostojen riveillä on ensin <em>henkilötunnus</em>, joka kertoo kenen tiedoista on kyse. Käyttämällä henkilötunnusta yhdistävänä tekijänä, on helppo yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja palkat toisiinsa, ja tehdä esimerkiksi ohjelma, joka tulostaa seuraavanlaisen näkymän henkilöiden ansioihin:</p><sample-output><pre>\nansiot:\nPekka Mikkola    3300 euroa\nLiisa Marttinen  4350 euroa\nArto Vihavainen  2500 euroa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena kahta saankirjaa <code class=\"language-text\">nimet</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">palkat</code>, joissa molemmissa avaimena toimii henkilötunnus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tyontekijat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hetu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\npalkat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hetu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ansiot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> hetu<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hetu <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        palkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>hetu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> 0 euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma siis muodostaa ensin sanakirjat <code class=\"language-text\">nimet</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">palkat</code>, joiden sisältö näyttää seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token string\">'080488-123X'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Pekka Mikkola'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'290274-044S'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Liisa Marttinen'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010479-007Z'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Arto Vihavainen'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010499-345K'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Leevi Hellas'</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token string\">'080488-123X'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3300</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'290274-044S'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">4350</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010479-007Z'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Lopun for-silmukka yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja niitä vastaavat palkat sanakirjojen avulla.</p><p>Ohjelma huomioi myös tilanteen, jossa henkilön palkkatietoja ei ole olemassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että koska ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena sanakirjaa, ei henkilöitä vastaavien rivien järjestyksellä ole merkitystä.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 1' tmcname='osa06-04_kurssin_tulokset_osa1'><p>Ohjelma käsittelee kahta CSV-muotoista tiedostoa. Toisessa on tieto opiskelijoista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;etunimi;sukunimi</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;pekka;peloton</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;jaana;javanainen</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;liisa;virtanen</span></code></pre></div><p>ja toisessa opiskelijoiden viikoittaisesta tehtävien lukumäärästä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;v1;v2;v3;v4;v5;v6;v7</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;4;1;1;4;5;2;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;3;5;3;1;5;4;6</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;10;2;2;7;10;2;2</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien CSV-tiedostojen ensimmäinen rivi on otsikkorivi, joka kertoo kunkin kentän sisällön.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy tiedostojen nimet ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa kunkin opiskelijan tehtävien yhteenlasketun määrän. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti, kun tiedostojen sisältö on yllä oleva:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\npekka peloton 21\njaana javanainen 27\nliisa virtanen 35</p></sample-output><p>Vinkki: Ohjelman testaileminen on toivottoman hidasta, jos käyttäjä joutuu kirjoittamaan syötteen aina käsin. Testausvaiheessa syötteet kannattaakin antaa \"kovakoodaamalla\" ne esim. seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei tulla</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijatiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tehtävätiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kovakoodatut syötteet</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelijat1.csv\"</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tehtavat1.csv\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman varsinainen toiminnallisuus on nyt \"piilotettu\" ehdon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>-haaraan, jota ei suoriteta koskaan.</p><p>Jos taas halutaan nopeasti tarkastaa, toimiiko ohjelma myös käyttäjän kirjoittaessa syötteen, voidaan arvo <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> muuttaa arvoksi <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijatiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tehtävätiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei tulla!</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelijat1.csv\"</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tehtavat1.csv\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun koodi on kunnossa, voi ehtorakenteen poistaa.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p><p><strong>Toinen huomio</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 2' tmcname='osa06-05_kurssin_tulokset_osa2'><p>Edellinen tehtävä laajenee vielä siten, että myös opiskelijan koepisteet luetaan CSV-tiedostosta. Tiedoston sisältö näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;k1;k2;k3</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;4;1;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;3;5;3</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;10;2;2</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkiksi opiskelija jonka opiskelijanumero on 12345678 on saanut kokeesta 4+1+4 eli yhteensä 9 pistettä.</p><p>Ohjelma kysyy tiedostojen nimet ja tulostaa jokaisen opiskelijan arvosanan:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nKoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong>\npekka peloton 0\njaana javanainen 1\nliisa virtanen 3</p></sample-output><p>Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien määrästä saa <em>pisteitä</em> siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo 1 pisteen, vähintään 20% tuo 2 pistettä jne., ja 100 % eli 40 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 pistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen ja harjoituspisteiden summan perusteella seuraavan taulukon mukaan:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">kokeen pisteet + harjoitusten pisteet</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0-14</td>\n<td align=\"center\">0 (eli hylätty)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">15-17</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">18-20</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">21-23</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">24-27</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">28-</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 3' tmcname='osa06-06_kurssin_tulokset_osa3'><p>Tässä tehtävässä muotoillaan edellisen tehtävän tulostus parempaan muotoon:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nKoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong></p><pre>\nnimi                          teht_lkm  teht_pist koe_pist  yht_pist  arvosana\npekka peloton                 21        5         9         14        0\njaana javanainen              27        6         11        17        1\nliisa virtanen                35        8         14        22        3\n</pre></sample-output><p>Jokaisella rivillä siis tulostetaan opiskelijan tehtävien lukumäärä, tehtävistä saatavat pisteet, kokeen pisteet, yhteispisteet (koe+harjoitukset) sekä arvosana \"siististi\" siten, että tulostus on jaoteltu sarakkeisiin. Nimisarakkeen leveys on 30 merkkiä ja muiden sarakkeiden leveys on tasan 10 merkkiä.</p><p>Tehtävässä kannattaa käyttää <a href=\"/osa-4/5-tulostuksen-muotoilu\">osassa 4</a> käsiteltyjä f-merkkijonoja.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että merkkijonojen ja lukujen tulostaminen noudattaa hieman erilaista logiikkaa f-merkkijonoissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">>10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\npython    jatkuu\n    pythonjatkuu\n</pre></sample-output><p>Oletusarvoisesti siis merkkijono sisentyy määritellyn levyisen alueen <em>vasempaan</em> reunaan. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">></code>voidaan ohjata tulostus sisentymään oikeaan reunaan.</p><p>Lukuja tulostettaessa logiikka on päinvastainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">&lt;10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n        42jatkuu\n42        jatkuu\n</pre></sample-output><p>Oletusarvo lukujen yhteydessä on tulostuksen sisentyminen <em>oikeaan</em> reunaan. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code> voidaan ohjata luvun tulostus sisentymään vasempaan reunaan.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Spell checker' tmcname='osa06-07_spellchecker'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><sample-output><p>Write text: <strong>We use ptython to make a spell checker</strong></p><pre>\nWe use *ptython* to make a spell checker\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Write text: <strong>This is acually a good and usefull program</strong></p><pre>\nThis is *acually* good and *usefull* program\n</pre></sample-output><p>Kirjainten koolla ei ole merkitystä ohjelman toiminnan kannalta.</p><p>Ohjelma tunnistaa oikein kirjoitetut sanat käyttämällä tehtäväpohjassa olevaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">wordlist.txt</code>.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p><p><strong>Toinen huomio</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Reseptihaku' tmcname='osa06-08_reseptihaku'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään ohjelma, joka tarjoaa käyttäjälle mahdollisuuden reseptien hakuun reseptin nimen, valmistusajan tai raaka-aineen nimen perusteella. Ohjelma lukee reseptit käyttäjän antamasta tiedostosta.</p><p>Jokainen resepti koostuu kolmesta tai useammasta rivistä reseptitiedostossa. Ensimmäisellä rivillä on reseptin nimi, toisella rivillä reseptin valmistusaika (kokonaisluku), ja kolmas ja sitä seuraavat rivit kertovat reseptin raaka-aineet. Reseptin raaka-aineiden kuvaus päättyy tyhjään riviin, poislukien viimeinen resepti. Tiedostossa voi olla useampia reseptejä. Alla kuvattuna esimerkkitiedosto.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">Lettutaikina\n<span class=\"token number\">15</span>\nmaito\nkananmuna\njauho\nsokeri\nsuola\nvoi\n\nLihapullat\n<span class=\"token number\">45</span>\njauheliha\nkananmuna\nkorppujauho\n\nTofurullat\n<span class=\"token number\">30</span>\ntofu\nriisi\nvesi\nporkkana\nkurkku\navokado\nwasabi\n\nPullataikina\n<span class=\"token number\">60</span>\nmaito\nhiiva\nkananmuna\nsuola\nsokeri\nkardemumma\nvoi</code></pre></div><p><strong>Vihje</strong> tässä tehtävässä lienee järkevintä lukea ensin tiedoston rivit listalle ja käsitellä sitten tätä listaa tehtävän edellyttämällä tavalla.</p><h4 id=\"reseptien-haku-nimen-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien haku nimen perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-haku-nimen-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien haku nimen perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_nimi(tiedosto: str, sana: str)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, joiden nimessä esiintyy toisena parametrina annettu merkkijono. Funktio palauttaa listan, jossa kutakin löydettyä reseptiä vastaa merkkijono, joka kertoo reseptin nimen.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pulla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lihapullat\nPullataikina</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että hakusanojen kirjainten koolla ei ole merkitystä, eli hakusana <em>pulla</em> löytää myös reseptin <em>Pullataikina</em>, joka alkaa isolla kirjaimella.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p><h4 id=\"reseptien-hakeminen-valmistusajan-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien hakeminen valmistusajan perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-hakeminen-valmistusajan-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien hakeminen valmistusajan perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_aika(tiedosto: str, aika: int)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, joiden valmistusaika on korkeintaan parametrina kerrottu minuuttimäärä.</p><p>Kriteerin täyttävät reseptit palautetaan edellisen tehtävän tapaan listana, nyt kerrotaan myös reseptin valmistumisaika. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lettutaikina, valmistusaika 15 min</p></sample-output><h4 id=\"reseptien-hakeminen-raaka-aineen-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien hakeminen raaka-aineen perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-hakeminen-raaka-aineen-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien hakeminen raaka aineen perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p><strong>Varoitus</strong> tämä osa on edellisiä selvästi haastavampi. Jos tehtävä ei lähde heti aukenemaan, kannattanee tehdä ensin osan muut tehtävät ja palata lopuksi takaisin tähän. Huomaa, että voit lähettää moniosaisessa tehtävässä palvelimelle myös yksittäiset osat</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_raakaaine(tiedosto: str, aine: str)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, jotka sisältävät toisena parametrina annetun raaka-aineen.</p><p>Kriteerin täyttävät reseptit palautetaan edellisen tehtävän tapaan listana. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_raakaaine<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lettutaikina, valmistusaika 15 min\nPullataikina, valmistusaika 60 min</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaupunkipyörät' tmcname='osa06-09_kaupunkipyorat'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään muutama funktio, joiden avulla voidaan tarkastella <a href=\"https://kaupunkipyorat.hsl.fi/fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kaupunkipyörien</a> asemien sijaintia sisältävää tiedostoa.</p><p>Tiedostot näyttävät seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Longitude;Latitude;FID;name;total_slot;operative;id</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.950292890004903;60.155444793742276;1;Kaivopuisto;30;Yes;001</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.956347471358754;60.160959093887129;2;Laivasillankatu;12;Yes;002</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.944927399779715;60.158189199971673;3;Kapteeninpuistikko;16;Yes;003</span></code></pre></div><p>Kutakin asemaa kohti tiedostossa on yksi rivi, joka kertoo aseman koordinaatit, aseman nimen ja muuta tunnistetietoa.</p><h4 id=\"asemien-valinen-etaisyys\" style=\"position:relative;\">asemien välinen etäisyys<a href=\"#asemien-valinen-etaisyys\" aria-label=\"asemien valinen etaisyys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee ensin funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_asematiedot(tiedosto: str)</code>, joka lukee asematiedot tiedostosta ja palauttaa ne sanakirjana, joka näyttää tältä:</p><sample-output><pre>\n{\n  \"Kaivopuisto: (24.950292890004903, 60.155444793742276),\n  \"Laivasillankatu: (24.956347471358754, 60.160959093887129),\n  \"Kapteeninpuistikko: (24.944927399779715, 60.158189199971673)\n}\n</pre></sample-output><p>Eli sanakirjan avaimena on aseman nimi ja arvona tuple, joka koostuu aseman koordinaateista, ensimmäisenä <em>Longitude</em> ja toisena <em>Latitude</em>.</p><p>Tee seuraavaksi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">etaisyys(asemat: dict, asema1: str, asema2: str)</code>, joka palauttaa parametrina kerrottujen asemien välisen etäisyyden.</p><p>Etäisyys lasketaan seuraavalla kaavalla (hyödyntäen Pythagoraan lausetta):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tämä rivi tarvitaan, jotta saadaan käyttöön metodi sqrt</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\nx_kilometreina <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>longitude1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> longitude2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">55.26</span>\ny_kilometreina <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>latitude1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> latitude2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">111.2</span>\netaisyys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x_kilometreina<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y_kilometreina<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asemat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_asematiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'stations1.csv'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Designmuseo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hietalahdentori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Viiskulma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kaivopuisto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0.9032737292463177\n0.7753594392019532</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p><h4 id=\"pisin-valimatka\" style=\"position:relative;\">pisin välimatka<a href=\"#pisin-valimatka\" aria-label=\"pisin valimatka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_etaisyys(asemat: dict)</code>, joka selvittää, mitkä kaksi asemaa ovat kauimpana toisistaan. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, jonka ensimmäiset kaksi arvoa kertovat asemien nimet ja kolmas arvo niiden välisen etäisyyden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asemat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_asematiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'stations1.csv'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asema2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suurin_etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asema2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Laivasillankatu Hietalahdentori 1.478708873076181</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"d8fd5f8f-1185-50d0-9d08-9cd248a5989e\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen","title":"Tiedostojen lukeminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"täällä"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kokeilla olevaa ohjetta."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h4","properties":{"id":"pisin-valimatka","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"pisin välimatka"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#pisin-valimatka","ariaLabel":"pisin valimatka permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"suurin_etaisyys(asemat: dict)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka selvittää, mitkä kaksi asemaa ovat kauimpana toisistaan. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, jonka ensimmäiset kaksi arvoa kertovat asemien nimet ja kolmas arvo niiden välisen etäisyyden."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"asemat "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" hae_asematiedot"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"'stations1.csv'"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nasema1"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" asema2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" suurin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" suurin_etaisyys"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asemat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asema1"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" asema2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" suurin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Laivasillankatu Hietalahdentori 1.478708873076181"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d8fd5f8f-1185-50d0-9d08-9cd248a5989e"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten tiedoston sisällön voi lukea Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä ovat tekstitiedosto ja CSV-tiedosto</li>\n<li>Osaat purkaa ja käsitellä CSV-tiedoston sisällön ohjelmassa</li>\n</ul></text-box><!--vastaava teksti löytyy osioista 3-1, 5-1 ja 6-1, tsekkaa kaikki jos muokkaat tätä--><text-box variant='hint' name='Kurssin tehtävien tekemisestä'><p>Ohjelmointitaidon kehittyminen edellyttää vahvaa rutiinia ja myös omaa soveltavaa oivaltamista. Tämän takia kurssilla on paljon tehtäviä. Osa tehtävistä on kohtuullisen suoraviivaisesti materiaalia hyödyntäviä ja osa taas aivan tarkoituksella haastavampia soveltavia tehtäviä.</p><p>Ei kannata huolestua, vaikka osa kurssin tehtävistä tuntuisikin ensiyrittämällä liian vaikealta. Kaikkia tehtäviä ei ole pakko tehdä, kuten <a href=\"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet\">arvosteluperusteet</a> toteavat, <em>kurssin läpipääsyyn vaaditaan vähintään 25 % jokaisen osan ohjelmointitehtävien pisteistä.</em></p><p><strong>Kurssin osien tehtävät eivät etene vaikeusjärjestyksessä.</strong> Jokaisessa aliosassa esitellään yleensä muutama uusi konsepti, joita harjoitellaan sekä helpommilla että soveltavimmilla tehtävillä. <strong>Jos törmäät liian haastavan tuntuiseen tehtävään, hyppää seuraavaan</strong>. Voit palata vaikeimpiin tehtäviin osan lopuksi, jos aikaa vielä jää.</p><p>Lohdutuksen sanana todettakoon, että tällä viikolla mahdottomalta vaikuttava tehtävä näyttää melko varmasti neljän viikon päästä melko helpolta.</p></text-box><p>Yksi tavallinen ohjelmoinnin käyttötarkoitus on käsitellä tiedostoissa olevaa tietoa. Ohjelmat voivat lukea tietoa tiedostoista ja tallentaa tuloksia tiedostoihin. Tiedostojen avulla voimme käsitellä suuriakin aineistoja helposti automaattisesti.</p><p>Oletamme tällä kurssilla, että käsiteltävät tiedostot ovat <em>tekstitiedostoja</em> eli ne muodostuvat riveistä, joilla on tekstiä. Esimerkiksi kurssilla käytetty Visual Studio Code -editori käsittelee tekstitiedostoja. Huomaa, että esimerkiksi Word-dokumentti ei ole tekstitiedosto, vaan siinä on tekstin lisäksi muotoilutietoja ja sen käsittely ohjelmallisesti olisi vaikeaa.</p><h2 id=\"tiedostosta-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedostosta lukeminen<a href=\"#tiedostosta-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"tiedostosta lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Käytetään esimerkkinä tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">esimerkki.txt</code>, jonka sisältönä on:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nViimeinen rivi.</p></sample-data><p>Hyvä tapa käsitellä tiedostoja Pythonissa on käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lausetta, jonka alkurivi avaa tiedoston. Tämän jälkeen tulee lohko, jonka sisällä tiedostoa voi käsitellä. Lohkon jälkeen tiedosto sulkeutuu automaattisesti, eikä sitä voi enää käsitellä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi lukee ja tulostaa tiedoston sisällön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    sisalto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sisalto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nViimeinen rivi.</p></sample-output><p>Koodissa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">tiedosto</code> on <em>tiedostokahva</em>, jonka kautta tiedostoa voi käsitellä avaamisen jälkeen. Tässä tapauksessa käytämme metodia <code class=\"language-text\">read</code>, joka palauttaa koko tiedoston sisällön yhtenä merkkijonona. Tässä tapauksessa palautettu merkkijono on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"text\"><pre class=\"language-text\"><code class=\"language-text\">\"Moi kaikki!\\nEsimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\\nViimeinen rivi.\"</code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedoston-sisallon-lapikaynti\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedoston sisällön läpikäynti<a href=\"#tiedoston-sisallon-lapikaynti\" aria-label=\"tiedoston sisallon lapikaynti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">read</code> on näppärä, jos halutaan esimerkiksi tulostaa tiedoston sisältö kokonaisuudessaan ruudulle. Usein haluamme kuitenkin käsitellä tiedostoa rivi kerrallaan.</p><p>Voimme käyttää tiedoston sisällön lukemiseen <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa, joka käy läpi tiedoston rivit yksi kerrallaan – siis samaan tapaan kuin esimerkiksi listan läpikäynnissä.</p><p>Seuraava esimerkki lukee saman tiedoston nyt käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukkaa, poistaa joka rivin perästä rivinvaihdon ja laskee rivien yhteispituuden:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        yhteispituus <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> pituus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivien yhteispituus:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yhteispituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Rivi 1 Moi kaikki!\nRivi 2 Esimerkkitiedostomme on kolmerivinen.\nRivi 3 Viimeinen rivi.\nRivien yhteispituus: 63</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että rivien läpikäynnissä jokaisen rivin perässä on rivinvaihto <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>. Yllä oleva koodi kuitenkin poistaa rivinvaihdot <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>-funktiolla, joka korvaa rivinvaihdot tyhjillä merkkijonoilla. Tämän ansiosta tulostukseen ei tule ylimääräisiä rivivaihtoja ja ohjelma laskee oikein tiedoston rivien yhteispituuden.</p><programming-exercise name='Suurin luku' tmcname='osa06-01_suurin_luku'><p>Tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">luvut.txt</code> on tallennettu lukuja, yksi luku per rivi seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">45</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">108</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n<span class=\"token parameter variable\">-10</span>\n<span class=\"token number\">1100</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin</code>, joka lukee tiedoston ja palauttaa suurimman tiedostosta löytyvän luvun.</p><p>Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">luvut.txt</code> eikä funktiolle anneta parametria.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla seuraavaa heti tehtävän jälkeen olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mitä jos VS code ei löydä tiedostoja koodia suoritettaessa?<a href=\"#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\" aria-label=\"mita jos vs code ei loyda tiedostoja koodia suoritettaessa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa suorittaessasi koodia (vihreää nappia painamalla) vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla seuraavaa:</p><ul>\n<li>Mene asetuksiin valikosta <em>File</em> -> <em>Preferences</em> -> <em>Settings</em></li>\n<li>Etsi muutettava kohta hakusanalla \"executeinfile\"</li>\n<li>Valitse välilehti <em>Workspace</em></li>\n<li>Laita raksi kohtaan <em>Python</em> -> <em>Terminal</em> -> <em>Execute In File Dir</em></li>\n</ul><p>Oikein tehtynä asetus näyttää suunilleen seuraavalta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/e405b/6_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 16.521739130434785%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAADCAIAAAAcOLh5AAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAZElEQVQI11XOQQqAMAwEwP5DknRNkNIilaInvXn3/8+RKIoOOe4uCQAQHYDWWq01/xS/UnLO07rP+9HbEEU8DQT+SCmZmZqlB77GRdvGUCa687+yiDAzVH3i8hb9MyZQJ0xv/gSEjBk5LU20dgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/a0b58/6_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/bc10c/6_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/966d8/6_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/445df/6_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/9b2c8/6_1_1.webp 1566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/81c8e/6_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/08a84/6_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/c0255/6_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/b1001/6_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/e405b/6_1_1.png 1566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/6e5d89f76dfd47af6f9ea67b097452e8/c0255/6_1_1.png\" alt=\"6 1 1\" title=\"6 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos edellinenkään ei toimi, voit kopioida kansiossa <em>src</em> olevan testaukseen käytetyn tiedoston sisällön</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/6297e/6_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 22.17391304347826%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAECAIAAAABPYjBAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAApklEQVQI123N0QqCQBAFUH/CUVlnt3JnVtcSyx1XikKCHur/PyhQih463KcLl5s87rcQRcLoa98037TO1czsFtba6p/kFESm8+U6HyTuT4FcY11Dtd9WVH4gol7keQ4Aa4OIySBjfxwkyKuLc90P5ImYiHeWtdmYRVmWSqmiKLIsAwCllDFGa50EiW3Xj3F6tjKQr5YlE28tozbrISKmaQoAiPg7fgOYxyLFEKvBSAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/a0b58/6_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/bc10c/6_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/966d8/6_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/445df/6_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/78de1/6_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/4b7c9/6_1_2.webp 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/81c8e/6_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/08a84/6_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/c0255/6_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/b1001/6_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/161ec/6_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/6297e/6_1_2.png 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/a57483e6084d39a596ee24c41a42de70/c0255/6_1_2.png\" alt=\"6 1 2\" title=\"6 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>suoraan tehtäväkansion alle</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/6297e/6_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 26.956521739130434%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAIAAADKYVtkAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAAt0lEQVQY023P3Q6CMAwFYN6DjqjtNta1MxlDdILGxBvf/4UMGO/4cm5Pf5pa79N0m+eHSBJJMSqzMKv3vaqklPq+995ba51zdkNkPR2COzallJzL8/lalketc86FWWJUIsfMqtq2bdd1sDF/AOaE2AzDUIYyjmPOWUQRiWidjYgxRlU1xnQ7DBGtmyWdy2ViZqL1ul8QSSQyMwDsVI1BxOZ6md65fsYlyTms3/6iznnd7JYBIITwBcyRLmVWTxqEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/a0b58/6_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/bc10c/6_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/966d8/6_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/445df/6_1_3.webp 1380w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/78de1/6_1_3.webp 1840w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/4b7c9/6_1_3.webp 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/81c8e/6_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/08a84/6_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/c0255/6_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/b1001/6_1_3.png 1380w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/161ec/6_1_3.png 1840w,\n/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/6297e/6_1_3.png 2044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/bc83b27162a67ce98f825821dc304a7e/c0255/6_1_3.png\" alt=\"6 1 3\" title=\"6 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedostoja lukevan koodin debuggaus<a href=\"#tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\" aria-label=\"tiedostoja lukevan koodin debuggaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos yrität käyttää VS Coden <a href=\"/osa-4/1-vscode#debuggeri\">debuggeria</a> tiedostoja lukevan koodin suorittamiseen, törmäät ikävään virheilmoitukseen:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/eff3b/6_1_4.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 31.304347826086953%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/a0b58/6_1_4.webp 230w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/bc10c/6_1_4.webp 460w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/966d8/6_1_4.webp 920w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/445df/6_1_4.webp 1380w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/78de1/6_1_4.webp 1840w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/5340a/6_1_4.webp 2072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/81c8e/6_1_4.png 230w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/08a84/6_1_4.png 460w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/c0255/6_1_4.png 920w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/b1001/6_1_4.png 1380w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/161ec/6_1_4.png 1840w,\n/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/eff3b/6_1_4.png 2072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/b0c7745f7a4cc9c485a52d483e0aa290/c0255/6_1_4.png\" alt=\"6 1 4\" title=\"6 1 4\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Syynä tälle on se, että debuggeri etsii tiedostoja tehtäväkansion juuresta eikä edes <em>Execute In File Dir</em> -asetus ei asiaa muuta. Helpoin ratkaisu ongelmaan on edellisessä luvussa kuvattu testaukseen käytetyn tiedoston kopioiminen  tehtävähakemiston juureen.</p><p>Kun olet kopioinut tiedostot tehtävähakemiston juureen, joudut ehkä vielä käynnistämään visual studio coden uudelleen jotta kaikki toimisi.</p><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-tiedosto (<em>Comma Separated Values</em>) on tekstitiedosto, jonka jokaisella rivillä on tietyllä välimerkillä erotettua tietoa. Välimerkkinä on usein pilkku <code class=\"language-text\">,</code> tai puolipiste <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>, mutta mikä tahansa muukin merkki on periaatteessa mahdollinen.</p><p>CSV-tiedostoja käytetään usein erilaisten aineistojen esittämiseen. Myös Excelin ja muiden vastaavien ohjelmien taulukot voidaan tallentaa CSV-muodossa, jolloin niitä on helppo käsitellä muilla ohjelmilla.</p><p>Voimme lukea CSV-tiedoston rivit <code class=\"language-text\">for</code>-silmukalla, mutta miten erottaa rivillä olevat tiedot toisistaan? Helppo tapa on käyttää merkkijonojen <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-metodia: metodille annetaan haluttu välimerkki, ja se palauttaa tiedot välimerkin mukaan eroteltuna listana merkkijonoja.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">teksti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"apina,banaani,cembalo\"</span>\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> teksti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\",\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>apina\nbanaani\ncembalo</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat.csv</code>, joka sisältää jokaisella rivillä aluksi opiskelijan nimen ja sen jälkeen tämän eri kursseista saamat arvosanat. Tiedot on erotettu toisistaan puolipisteillä.</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;5;4;5;3;4;5;5;4;2;4\nPaula;3;4;2;4;4;2;3;1;3;3\nPirjo;4;5;5;4;5;5;4;5;4;4</p></sample-data><p>Seuraava ohjelma käy läpi tiedoston rivit, jakaa jokaisen rivin osiin ja näyttää opiskelijan nimen sekä arvosanat.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosanat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        arvosanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arvosanat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nimi: Pekka\nArvosanat: ['5', '4', '5', '3', '4', '5', '5', '4', '2', '4']\nNimi: Paula\nArvosanat: ['3', '4', '2', '4', '4', '2', '3', '1', '3', '3']\nNimi: Pirjo\nArvosanat: ['4', '5', '5', '4', '5', '5', '4', '5', '4', '4']</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Hedelmäkauppa' tmcname='osa06-02_hedelmakauppa'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">hedelmat.csv</code> on hedelmiä hintoineen seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">banaani<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">6.50</span>\nomena<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">4.95</span>\nappelsiini<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">8.0</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_hedelmat</code>, joka lukee hedelmätiedoston ja muodostaa siitä sanakirjan, jossa hedelmän nimi on avain ja hinta arvo. Hinnan tulee olla <code class=\"language-text\">float</code>-arvona sanakirjassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">hedelmat.csv</code> eikä funktiolle anneta parametria.</p><p>Lopuksi funktio palauttaa tämän sanakirjan.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Matriisi' tmcname='osa06-03_matriisi'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">matriisi.txt</code> on seuraavan esimerkin kaltainen matriisi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">1,0</span>,2,8,2,1,3,2,5,2,2,2\n<span class=\"token number\">9,2</span>,4,5,2,4,2,4,1,10,4,2\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.jne<span class=\"token punctuation\">..</span>.</code></pre></div><p>Kirjoita funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">maksimi</code>, jotka lukevat ja palauttavat nimensä mukaisesti matriisin kaikkien alkioiden summan ja suurimman alkion.</p><p>Kirjoita lisäksi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivisummat</code>, joka palauttaa listassa kaikkien matriisin rivien summat. Esimerkiksi matriisille</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token number\">1,2</span>,3\n<span class=\"token number\">2,3</span>,4</code></pre></div><p>funktio palauttaisi listan <code class=\"language-text\">[6, 9]</code>.</p><p>Vinkki: Voit kirjoittaa ohjelmaan myös muita funktioita – kannattaa siis miettiä, mitä kaikkia yhteisiä toimintoja kolmea funktiota varten vaaditaan. Huomaa, että tiedoston nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">matriisi.txt</code> eikä tehtävänannossa määritellyille funktioille anneta parametreja. Itse lisäämäsi funktiot voivat hyödyntää myös parametreja.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit kokeilla <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"saman-tiedoston-lukeminen-moneen-kertaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Saman tiedoston lukeminen moneen kertaan<a href=\"#saman-tiedoston-lukeminen-moneen-kertaan\" aria-label=\"saman tiedoston lukeminen moneen kertaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joissain tilanteissa ohjelman on tarvetta lukea sama tiedosto useampaan kertaan. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa ohjelmaa, joka käsittelee henkilötietoja sisältävää tiedostoa:</p><sample-data>\nPekka;40;Helsinki\nEmilia;34;Espoo\nErkki;42;Turku\nAntti;100;Helsinki\nLiisa;58;Suonenjoki\n</sample-data><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\n    vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n            vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma aiheuttaa erikoisen virheilmoituksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">Traceback <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>most recent call last<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nUnboundLocalError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> local variable <span class=\"token string\">'vanhin'</span> referenced before assignment</code></pre></div><p>Syynä virheelle on se, että jälkimmäistä for-silmukkaa ei suoriteta ollenkaan, sillä tiedoston voi lukea vain kerran. Tämän jälkeen ollaan päästy \"tiedoston loppuun\", ja vaikka yritetään lukea tiedostosta lisää jälkimmäisessä silmukassa, tietoon ei päästä enää käsiksi.</p><p>Tiedosto onkin avattava uudelleen komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">open</code> toista lukukertaa varten:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\n    vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n            vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yleensä aina on kuitenkin parasta lukea tiedosto vain kerran ja tallentaa se muotoon, jota ohjelman toiminnallisuudet pystyvät hyödyntämään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luetaan tiedostosta henkilöt listaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tulostetaan nimet</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># etsitään vanhin</span>\nvanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> henkilot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">></span> vanhimman_ika<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        vanhimman_ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ika\n        vanhin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"vanhin on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vanhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"lisaa-csv-tiedoston-kasittelya\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää CSV-tiedoston käsittelyä<a href=\"#lisaa-csv-tiedoston-kasittelya\" aria-label=\"lisaa csv tiedoston kasittelya permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jatketaan opiskelijoiden arvosanoja sisältävän tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat.csv</code> käsittelyä. Tiedosto näyttää siis seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;5;4;5;3;4;5;5;4;2;4\nPaula;3;4;2;4;4;2;3;1;3;3\nPirjo;4;5;5;4;5;5;4;5;4;4</p></sample-data><p>Seuraava ohjelma luo tiedoston perusteella sanakirjan <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat</code>, jossa jokainen avain on opiskelijan nimi ja vastaava arvo on lista arvosanoista. Ohjelma muuttaa arvosanat kokonaisluvuiksi, jotta niitä on mukavampaa käsitellä myöhemmin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">arvosanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosanat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>replace<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvosana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'Pekka': [5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4], 'Paula': [3, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3], 'Pirjo': [4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4]}</p></sample-output><p>Tämän jälkeen voimme vaikkapa tulostaa analyysin arvosanoista käymällä läpi sanakirjan <code class=\"language-text\">arvosanat</code> perusteella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvosanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    paras <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    keskiarvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: paras arvosana </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>paras<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskiarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">.2f</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka: paras arvosana 5, keskiarvo 4.10\nPaula: paras arvosana 4, keskiarvo 2.90\nPirjo: paras arvosana 5, keskiarvo 4.50</p></sample-output><p>Kannattaa tutustua huolella esimerkkikoodiin. Se voi ensisilmäyksellä vaikuttaa monimutkaiselta, mutta ratkaisu on helposti sovellettavissa monenlaisiin datatiedostoihin.</p><h2 id=\"eroon-turhista-riveista-valilyonneista-ja-rivinvaihdoista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eroon turhista riveistä, välilyönneistä ja rivinvaihdoista<a href=\"#eroon-turhista-riveista-valilyonneista-ja-rivinvaihdoista\" aria-label=\"eroon turhista riveista valilyonneista ja rivinvaihdoista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme tallentaneet Excelistä nimiä taulukon CSV-muodossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> sukunimi\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Python\nJaana<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Java\nHeikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span> Haskell</code></pre></div><p>Kuten tyypillistä, Excel on lisännyt sarakkeiden väliin erottimena toimivan puolipisteen lisäksi myös välilyönnin.</p><p>Haluamme tulostaa listalla olevat sukunimet. Koska ensimmäinen rivi kertoo sarakkeiden otsikot, ohitamme sen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ohitetaan otsikkorivi</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"etunimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>[' Python\\n', ' Java\\n', ' Haskell']</p></sample-output><p>Kaikkiin paitsi viimeiseen rivin sukunimeen on jäänyt mukaan rivinvaihtomerkki, ja jokaisen sukunimen alkuun on jäänyt ikävä välilyönti.</p><p>Pääsisimme näistä eroon aiempien esimerkkien tapaan käyttämällä metodia <code class=\"language-text\">replace</code>, mutta parempi vaihtoehto tässä tilanteessa on käyttää metodia <code class=\"language-text\">strip</code>, joka poistaa merkkijonon alusta ja lopusta ns. whitespace-merkit, eli välilyönnit, rivinvaihdot ja muut normaalina merkkinä tulostumattomat merkit.</p><p>Kokeillaan metodin toimintaa konsolissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" koe \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'koe'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\\ntesti\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'testi'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Tarvittava muutos ohjelmaan on helppo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"henkilot.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"etunimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä oli otsikkorivi, ei huomioida!</span>\n        sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän jälkeen tulostus on halutunlainen:</p><sample-output><p>['Python', 'Java', 'Haskell']</p></sample-output><p>Merkkijonoilla on myös metodit <code class=\"language-text\">lstrip</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">rstrip</code>, jotka poistavat ainoastaan merkkijonon vasemmalla tai oikealla puolella olevia merkkejä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" testimerkkijono  \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rstrip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">' testimerkkijono'</span>\n<span class=\"token operator\">>></span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token string\">\" testimerkkijono  \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lstrip<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token string\">'testimerkkijono  '</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"eri-tiedostoissa-olevien-tietojen-yhdistely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Eri tiedostoissa olevien tietojen yhdistely<a href=\"#eri-tiedostoissa-olevien-tietojen-yhdistely\" aria-label=\"eri tiedostoissa olevien tietojen yhdistely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>On hyvin yleistä, että ohjelmassa tarvittava data on talletettu useaan erilliseen tiedostoon. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa yrityksen henkilöstön tiedot ovat omassa tiedostossaan <code class=\"language-text\">tyontekijat.csv</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">hetu;nimi;osoite;kaupunki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">080488-123X;Pekka Mikkola;Vilppulantie 7;00700 Helsinki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">290274-044S;Liisa Marttinen;Mannerheimintie 100 A 10;00100 Helsinki</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010479-007Z;Arto Vihavainen;Pihapolku 4;01010 Kerava</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010499-345K;Leevi Hellas;Tapiolantie 11 B;02000 Espoo</span></code></pre></div><p>Työntekijöiden palkat taas ovat talletettu omaan tiedostoonsa <code class=\"language-text\">palkat.csv</code></p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">hetu;palkka;bonus</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">080488-123X;3300;0</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">290274-044S;4150;200</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">010479-007Z;1300;1200</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien tiedostojen riveillä on ensin <em>henkilötunnus</em>, joka kertoo kenen tiedoista on kyse. Käyttämällä henkilötunnusta yhdistävänä tekijänä, on helppo yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja palkat toisiinsa, ja tehdä esimerkiksi ohjelma, joka tulostaa seuraavanlaisen näkymän henkilöiden ansioihin:</p><sample-output><pre>\nansiot:\nPekka Mikkola    3300 euroa\nLiisa Marttinen  4350 euroa\nArto Vihavainen  2500 euroa\n</pre></sample-output><p>Ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena kahta saankirjaa <code class=\"language-text\">nimet</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">palkat</code>, joissa molemmissa avaimena toimii henkilötunnus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tyontekijat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hetu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\npalkat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"palkat.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">';'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hetu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">continue</span>\n        palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ansiot:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> hetu<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> nimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> hetu <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        palkka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> palkat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>hetu<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>palkka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> 0 euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma siis muodostaa ensin sanakirjat <code class=\"language-text\">nimet</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">palkat</code>, joiden sisältö näyttää seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token string\">'080488-123X'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Pekka Mikkola'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'290274-044S'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Liisa Marttinen'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010479-007Z'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Arto Vihavainen'</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010499-345K'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'Leevi Hellas'</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token string\">'080488-123X'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3300</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'290274-044S'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">4350</span>,\n    <span class=\"token string\">'010479-007Z'</span><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Lopun for-silmukka yhdistää henkilöiden nimet ja niitä vastaavat palkat sanakirjojen avulla.</p><p>Ohjelma huomioi myös tilanteen, jossa henkilön palkkatietoja ei ole olemassa.</p><p>Huomaa, että koska ohjelma käyttää aputietorakenteena sanakirjaa, ei henkilöitä vastaavien rivien järjestyksellä ole merkitystä.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 1' tmcname='osa06-04_kurssin_tulokset_osa1'><p>Ohjelma käsittelee kahta CSV-muotoista tiedostoa. Toisessa on tieto opiskelijoista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;etunimi;sukunimi</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;pekka;peloton</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;jaana;javanainen</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;liisa;virtanen</span></code></pre></div><p>ja toisessa opiskelijoiden viikoittaisesta tehtävien lukumäärästä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;v1;v2;v3;v4;v5;v6;v7</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;4;1;1;4;5;2;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;3;5;3;1;5;4;6</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;10;2;2;7;10;2;2</span></code></pre></div><p>Molempien CSV-tiedostojen ensimmäinen rivi on otsikkorivi, joka kertoo kunkin kentän sisällön.</p><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy tiedostojen nimet ja tämän jälkeen tulostaa kunkin opiskelijan tehtävien yhteenlasketun määrän. Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti, kun tiedostojen sisältö on yllä oleva:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\npekka peloton 21\njaana javanainen 27\nliisa virtanen 35</p></sample-output><p>Vinkki: Ohjelman testaileminen on toivottoman hidasta, jos käyttäjä joutuu kirjoittamaan syötteen aina käsin. Testausvaiheessa syötteet kannattaakin antaa \"kovakoodaamalla\" ne esim. seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei tulla</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijatiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tehtävätiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># kovakoodatut syötteet</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelijat1.csv\"</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tehtavat1.csv\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman varsinainen toiminnallisuus on nyt \"piilotettu\" ehdon <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>-haaraan, jota ei suoriteta koskaan.</p><p>Jos taas halutaan nopeasti tarkastaa, toimiiko ohjelma myös käyttäjän kirjoittaessa syötteen, voidaan arvo <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> muuttaa arvoksi <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijatiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tehtävätiedot: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tänne ei tulla!</span>\n    opiskelijatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelijat1.csv\"</span>\n    tehtavatiedot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tehtavat1.csv\"</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun koodi on kunnossa, voi ehtorakenteen poistaa.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p><p><strong>Toinen huomio</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 2' tmcname='osa06-05_kurssin_tulokset_osa2'><p>Edellinen tehtävä laajenee vielä siten, että myös opiskelijan koepisteet luetaan CSV-tiedostosta. Tiedoston sisältö näyttää seuraavalta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">opnro;k1;k2;k3</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345678;4;1;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345687;3;5;3</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">12345699;10;2;2</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkiksi opiskelija jonka opiskelijanumero on 12345678 on saanut kokeesta 4+1+4 eli yhteensä 9 pistettä.</p><p>Ohjelma kysyy tiedostojen nimet ja tulostaa jokaisen opiskelijan arvosanan:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nKoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong>\npekka peloton 0\njaana javanainen 1\nliisa virtanen 3</p></sample-output><p>Tehtyjen harjoitustehtävien määrästä saa <em>pisteitä</em> siten, että vähintään 10 % tehtävämäärästä tuo 1 pisteen, vähintään 20% tuo 2 pistettä jne., ja 100 % eli 40 harjoitustehtävää tuo 10 pistettä. Harjoitustehtävistä saatava pistemäärä on kokonaisluku.</p><p>Kurssin arvosana määräytyy kokeen ja harjoituspisteiden summan perusteella seuraavan taulukon mukaan:</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\">kokeen pisteet + harjoitusten pisteet</th>\n<th align=\"center\">arvosana</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">0-14</td>\n<td align=\"center\">0 (eli hylätty)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">15-17</td>\n<td align=\"center\">1</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">18-20</td>\n<td align=\"center\">2</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">21-23</td>\n<td align=\"center\">3</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">24-27</td>\n<td align=\"center\">4</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">28-</td>\n<td align=\"center\">5</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 3' tmcname='osa06-06_kurssin_tulokset_osa3'><p>Tässä tehtävässä muotoillaan edellisen tehtävän tulostus parempaan muotoon:</p><sample-output><p>Opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\nTehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nKoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong></p><pre>\nnimi                          teht_lkm  teht_pist koe_pist  yht_pist  arvosana\npekka peloton                 21        5         9         14        0\njaana javanainen              27        6         11        17        1\nliisa virtanen                35        8         14        22        3\n</pre></sample-output><p>Jokaisella rivillä siis tulostetaan opiskelijan tehtävien lukumäärä, tehtävistä saatavat pisteet, kokeen pisteet, yhteispisteet (koe+harjoitukset) sekä arvosana \"siististi\" siten, että tulostus on jaoteltu sarakkeisiin. Nimisarakkeen leveys on 30 merkkiä ja muiden sarakkeiden leveys on tasan 10 merkkiä.</p><p>Tehtävässä kannattaa käyttää <a href=\"/osa-4/5-tulostuksen-muotoilu\">osassa 4</a> käsiteltyjä f-merkkijonoja.</p><p>Kannattaa huomata, että merkkijonojen ja lukujen tulostaminen noudattaa hieman erilaista logiikkaa f-merkkijonoissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">sana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">>10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\npython    jatkuu\n    pythonjatkuu\n</pre></sample-output><p>Oletusarvoisesti siis merkkijono sisentyy määritellyn levyisen alueen <em>vasempaan</em> reunaan. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">></code>voidaan ohjata tulostus sisentymään oikeaan reunaan.</p><p>Lukuja tulostettaessa logiikka on päinvastainen</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">42</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token format-spec\">&lt;10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">jatkuu\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><pre>\n        42jatkuu\n42        jatkuu\n</pre></sample-output><p>Oletusarvo lukujen yhteydessä on tulostuksen sisentyminen <em>oikeaan</em> reunaan. Merkillä <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code> voidaan ohjata luvun tulostus sisentymään vasempaan reunaan.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Spell checker' tmcname='osa06-07_spellchecker'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><sample-output><p>Write text: <strong>We use ptython to make a spell checker</strong></p><pre>\nWe use *ptython* to make a spell checker\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>Write text: <strong>This is acually a good and usefull program</strong></p><pre>\nThis is *acually* good and *usefull* program\n</pre></sample-output><p>Kirjainten koolla ei ole merkitystä ohjelman toiminnan kannalta.</p><p>Ohjelma tunnistaa oikein kirjoitetut sanat käyttämällä tehtäväpohjassa olevaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">wordlist.txt</code>.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p><p><strong>Toinen huomio</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Reseptihaku' tmcname='osa06-08_reseptihaku'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään ohjelma, joka tarjoaa käyttäjälle mahdollisuuden reseptien hakuun reseptin nimen, valmistusajan tai raaka-aineen nimen perusteella. Ohjelma lukee reseptit käyttäjän antamasta tiedostosta.</p><p>Jokainen resepti koostuu kolmesta tai useammasta rivistä reseptitiedostossa. Ensimmäisellä rivillä on reseptin nimi, toisella rivillä reseptin valmistusaika (kokonaisluku), ja kolmas ja sitä seuraavat rivit kertovat reseptin raaka-aineet. Reseptin raaka-aineiden kuvaus päättyy tyhjään riviin, poislukien viimeinen resepti. Tiedostossa voi olla useampia reseptejä. Alla kuvattuna esimerkkitiedosto.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">Lettutaikina\n<span class=\"token number\">15</span>\nmaito\nkananmuna\njauho\nsokeri\nsuola\nvoi\n\nLihapullat\n<span class=\"token number\">45</span>\njauheliha\nkananmuna\nkorppujauho\n\nTofurullat\n<span class=\"token number\">30</span>\ntofu\nriisi\nvesi\nporkkana\nkurkku\navokado\nwasabi\n\nPullataikina\n<span class=\"token number\">60</span>\nmaito\nhiiva\nkananmuna\nsuola\nsokeri\nkardemumma\nvoi</code></pre></div><p><strong>Vihje</strong> tässä tehtävässä lienee järkevintä lukea ensin tiedoston rivit listalle ja käsitellä sitten tätä listaa tehtävän edellyttämällä tavalla.</p><h4 id=\"reseptien-haku-nimen-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien haku nimen perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-haku-nimen-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien haku nimen perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_nimi(tiedosto: str, sana: str)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, joiden nimessä esiintyy toisena parametrina annettu merkkijono. Funktio palauttaa listan, jossa kutakin löydettyä reseptiä vastaa merkkijono, joka kertoo reseptin nimen.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pulla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lihapullat\nPullataikina</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että hakusanojen kirjainten koolla ei ole merkitystä, eli hakusana <em>pulla</em> löytää myös reseptin <em>Pullataikina</em>, joka alkaa isolla kirjaimella.</p><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p><h4 id=\"reseptien-hakeminen-valmistusajan-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien hakeminen valmistusajan perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-hakeminen-valmistusajan-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien hakeminen valmistusajan perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_aika(tiedosto: str, aika: int)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, joiden valmistusaika on korkeintaan parametrina kerrottu minuuttimäärä.</p><p>Kriteerin täyttävät reseptit palautetaan edellisen tehtävän tapaan listana, nyt kerrotaan myös reseptin valmistumisaika. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lettutaikina, valmistusaika 15 min</p></sample-output><h4 id=\"reseptien-hakeminen-raaka-aineen-perusteella\" style=\"position:relative;\">reseptien hakeminen raaka-aineen perusteella<a href=\"#reseptien-hakeminen-raaka-aineen-perusteella\" aria-label=\"reseptien hakeminen raaka aineen perusteella permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p><strong>Varoitus</strong> tämä osa on edellisiä selvästi haastavampi. Jos tehtävä ei lähde heti aukenemaan, kannattanee tehdä ensin osan muut tehtävät ja palata lopuksi takaisin tähän. Huomaa, että voit lähettää moniosaisessa tehtävässä palvelimelle myös yksittäiset osat</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_raakaaine(tiedosto: str, aine: str)</code> joka hakee parametrina annetun nimisestä tiedostosta reseptit, jotka sisältävät toisena parametrina annetun raaka-aineen.</p><p>Kriteerin täyttävät reseptit palautetaan edellisen tehtävän tapaan listana. Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">loydetyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_raakaaine<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"reseptit1.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> resepti <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loydetyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>resepti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lettutaikina, valmistusaika 15 min\nPullataikina, valmistusaika 60 min</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kaupunkipyörät' tmcname='osa06-09_kaupunkipyorat'><p>Tässä tehtävässä tehdään muutama funktio, joiden avulla voidaan tarkastella <a href=\"https://kaupunkipyorat.hsl.fi/fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kaupunkipyörien</a> asemien sijaintia sisältävää tiedostoa.</p><p>Tiedostot näyttävät seuraavilta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Longitude;Latitude;FID;name;total_slot;operative;id</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.950292890004903;60.155444793742276;1;Kaivopuisto;30;Yes;001</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.956347471358754;60.160959093887129;2;Laivasillankatu;12;Yes;002</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">24.944927399779715;60.158189199971673;3;Kapteeninpuistikko;16;Yes;003</span></code></pre></div><p>Kutakin asemaa kohti tiedostossa on yksi rivi, joka kertoo aseman koordinaatit, aseman nimen ja muuta tunnistetietoa.</p><h4 id=\"asemien-valinen-etaisyys\" style=\"position:relative;\">asemien välinen etäisyys<a href=\"#asemien-valinen-etaisyys\" aria-label=\"asemien valinen etaisyys permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee ensin funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_asematiedot(tiedosto: str)</code>, joka lukee asematiedot tiedostosta ja palauttaa ne sanakirjana, joka näyttää tältä:</p><sample-output><pre>\n{\n  \"Kaivopuisto: (24.950292890004903, 60.155444793742276),\n  \"Laivasillankatu: (24.956347471358754, 60.160959093887129),\n  \"Kapteeninpuistikko: (24.944927399779715, 60.158189199971673)\n}\n</pre></sample-output><p>Eli sanakirjan avaimena on aseman nimi ja arvona tuple, joka koostuu aseman koordinaateista, ensimmäisenä <em>Longitude</em> ja toisena <em>Latitude</em>.</p><p>Tee seuraavaksi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">etaisyys(asemat: dict, asema1: str, asema2: str)</code>, joka palauttaa parametrina kerrottujen asemien välisen etäisyyden.</p><p>Etäisyys lasketaan seuraavalla kaavalla (hyödyntäen Pythagoraan lausetta):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># tämä rivi tarvitaan, jotta saadaan käyttöön metodi sqrt</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\nx_kilometreina <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>longitude1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> longitude2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">55.26</span>\ny_kilometreina <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>latitude1 <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> latitude2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">111.2</span>\netaisyys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x_kilometreina<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> y_kilometreina<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuorituksia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asemat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_asematiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'stations1.csv'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Designmuseo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Hietalahdentori\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ne <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Viiskulma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Kaivopuisto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0.9032737292463177\n0.7753594392019532</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom!</strong> Jos VS Code ei löydä tiedostoa vaikka olet tarkastanut tiedoston nimen kirjoitusasun, voit <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#mita-jos-vs-code-ei-loyda-tiedostoja-koodia-suoritettaessa\">täällä</a> kokeilla olevaa ohjetta.</p><h4 id=\"pisin-valimatka\" style=\"position:relative;\">pisin välimatka<a href=\"#pisin-valimatka\" aria-label=\"pisin valimatka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_etaisyys(asemat: dict)</code>, joka selvittää, mitkä kaksi asemaa ovat kauimpana toisistaan. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, jonka ensimmäiset kaksi arvoa kertovat asemien nimet ja kolmas arvo niiden välisen etäisyyden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asemat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hae_asematiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'stations1.csv'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asema2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suurin_etaisyys<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asemat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> asema2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suurin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Laivasillankatu Hietalahdentori 1.478708873076181</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"d8fd5f8f-1185-50d0-9d08-9cd248a5989e\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen","title":"Tiedostojen lukeminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"auto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"car"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"roska"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"garbage"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laukku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nroska - garbage\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"car"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nauto - car\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laukku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMoi!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sanat tallennetaan tiedostoon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanakirja.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Ohjelma lukee tiedoston sisällön kun se käynnistetään. Uudet sanaparit lisätään tiedostoon aina tallennuksen yhteydessä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit itse päättää tiedostoon tallennettavan tiedon muodon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että paikallisten TMC-testien ajaminen voi tyhjentää sanakirja-tiedoston."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a4414b90-5cf5-520c-8c9e-2f18fed17fd5"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda itse tiedoston Pythonilla</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa tekstimuotoista tietoa tiedostoon</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa CSV-muotoisen tiedoston omasta datastasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tiedoston lukemisen lisäksi voimme luonnollisesti myös kirjoittaa tiedostoon tietoa. Tyypillinen esimerkki on ohjelman tulosten tallentaminen tiedostoon, jotta niitä voidaan käyttää myös myöhemmin tai muokata edelleen jollain toisella ohjelmalla.</p><p>Tiedoston kirjoittamisessa voimme joko luoda uuden tiedoston tai lisätä tietoa olemassa olevan tiedoston vanhan tiedon perään. Molemmissa tapauksissa käytetään edellisestä osasta tuttua <code class=\"language-text\">open</code>-funktiota, mutta kirjoittamista varten funktiolle annetaan toinen parametri.</p><h2 id=\"uuden-tiedoston-luominen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Uuden tiedoston luominen<a href=\"#uuden-tiedoston-luominen\" aria-label=\"uuden tiedoston luominen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Uusi tiedosto luodaan antamalla <code class=\"language-text\">open</code>-funktiolle tiedoston nimen lisäksi avaustilaksi <code class=\"language-text\">w</code> (tulee sanasta \"write\"). Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tiedostoon kirjoittaminen</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että <strong>mikäli tiedosto on jo olemassa, kaikki sen sisältö ylikirjoitetaan</strong>. Ole siis erittäin huolellinen uusia tiedostoja luodessasi.</p><p>Kun tiedosto on avattu, sinne voidaan kirjoittaa tietoa. Kirjoittaminen tapahtuu metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">write</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kirjoitettavan merkkijonon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suorittamisen jälkeen samaan hakemistoon ilmestyy tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code>, jonka sisältö näyttää tältä:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-data><p>Huomaa, että jos tiedostoon halutaan rivinvaihtoja, ne täytyy lisätä tekstiin itse. Esimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tuottaa seuraavanlaisen tiedoston:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!Toinen riviViimeinen rivi</p></sample-data><p>Tulostukset saadaan omille riveilleen lisäämällä rivien loppuun rivivaihtomerkki <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen rivi\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen rivi\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code> näyttää tältä:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!\nToinen rivi\nViimeinen rivi</p></sample-data><programming-exercise name='Omistuskirjoitus' tmcname='osa06-10_omistuskirjoitus'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy nimeä ja luo \"omistuskirjoituksen\" käyttäjän haluamaan tiedostoon. Seuraavassa ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Kenelle teos omistetaan: <strong>Arto</strong>\nMihin kirjoitetaan: <strong>omistettu.txt</strong></p></sample-output><p>Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">omistettu.txt</code> sisällöksi tulee</p><sample-data><p>Hei Arto, toivomme viihtyisiä hetkiä python-kurssimateriaalin parissa! Terveisin mooc.fi-tiimi</p></sample-data><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tiedon-lisaaminen-olemassaolevaan-tiedostoon\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon lisääminen olemassaolevaan tiedostoon<a href=\"#tiedon-lisaaminen-olemassaolevaan-tiedostoon\" aria-label=\"tiedon lisaaminen olemassaolevaan tiedostoon permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluamme lisätä tietoa olemassa olevaan tiedostoon, voimme avata tiedoston tilassa <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> (lyhenne sanasta \"append\"). Tällöin tiedoston nykyistä sisältöä ei pyyhitä, vaan uusi tieto kirjoitetaan tiedoston loppuun.</p><p>Jos tiedostoa ei ole olemassa, tila <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> toimii samalla tavalla kuin tila <code class=\"language-text\">w</code>.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma avaa edellisen esimerkin tuottaman tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code> ja lisää sen perään pari riviä tekstiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivi numero 4\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ja taas yksi.\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suorituksen jälkeen tiedosto näyttää tältä:</p><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!\nToinen rivi\nViimeinen rivi\nRivi numero 4\nJa taas yksi.</p></sample-output><p>Tiedon lisääminen tiedostoon on kuitenkin suhteellisen harvoin tarvittava operaatio.</p><p>Tiedostoon lisäämisen sijaan on usein yksinkertaisinta kirjoittaa tiedosto kokonaan uudelleen. Näin joudutaan useimmiten tekemään jos esimerkiksi tiedoston sisältö muuttuu keskeltä tiedostoa.</p><programming-exercise name='Päiväkirja' tmcname='osa06-11_paivakirja'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka mallintaa yksinkertaista päiväkirjaa. Ohjelman tulee tallentaa päiväkirjamerkinnät tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">paivakirja.txt</code>. Kun ohjelma käynnistetään, se lukee merkinnät tiedostosta.</p><p>Huom! Paikalliset testit voivat muuttaa tiedoston sisältöä - kopioi siis tiedosto talteen ennen testien ajamista, jos haluat säilyttää sen sisällön.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna merkintä: <strong>Tänään söin puuroa</strong>\nPäiväkirja tallennettu</p><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna merkintä: <strong>Illalla kävin saunassa</strong>\nPäiväkirja tallennettu</p><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\nIllalla kävin saunassa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>0</strong>\nHeippa!</p></sample-output><p>Uusi käynnistys:</p><sample-output><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\nIllalla kävin saunassa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>0</strong>\nHeippa!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-kirjoittaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston kirjoittaminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-kirjoittaminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston kirjoittaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-tiedoston voi kirjoittaa rivi riviltä <code class=\"language-text\">write</code>-metodilla. Esimerkiksi seuraava esimerkki luo tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">koodarit.csv</code>, jonka jokaisella rivillä on koodarin nimi, työympäristö, lempikieli ja kokemus vuosissa. Tiedot on erotettu puolipisteillä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki;Windows;Pascal;10\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti;Linux;PHP;2\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti;Linux;Java;17\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia;Mac;Cobol;9\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän tuloksena on seuraava tiedosto:</p><sample-output><p>Erkki;Windows;Pascal;10\nMatti;Linux;PHP;2\nAntti;Linux;Java;17\nEmilia;Mac;Cobol;9</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan sitten tilannetta, jossa tiedostoon kirjoitettavat tiedot ovatkin muistissa listoina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">koodarit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Windows\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Linux\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"PHP\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Linux\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mac\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Cobol\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt voimme kirjoittaa koodarien tiedot CSV-tiedostoon näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos koodaria kuvaavissa listoissa olisi suuri määrä alkioita, olisi csv-tiedostoon kirjoitetavien rivien muodostaminen yllä olevalla tekniikalla työläähköä, ja rivit kannattaisikin koota silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;\"</span></span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedoston-tyhjentaminen-ja-poisto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedoston tyhjentäminen ja poisto<a href=\"#tiedoston-tyhjentaminen-ja-poisto\" aria-label=\"tiedoston tyhjentaminen ja poisto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joissain tilanteissa ohjelmassa on tarvetta tyhjentää olemassaolevan tiedoston sisältö. Tämä onnistuu avaamalla tiedosto kirjoitustilassa \"w\" ja sulkemalla tiedosto välittömästi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tyhjennettava_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lohkossa on ainoastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code>, joka ei tee mitään. Komento tarvitaan, sillä Python ei salli sellaisia lohkoja missä ei ole mitään komentoja.</p><p>Tiedoston tyhjennys on mahdollista tehdä myös ilman <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lohkokon käyttöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'tyhjennettava_tiedosto.txt'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'w'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>close<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Tiedoston poistaminen'><p>Tiedosto voidaan myös poistaa kokonaan. Poisto tapahtuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># poisto-komento tuodaan koodin käyttöön import-lauseella</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> os\n\nos<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tarpeeton_tiedosto.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei kuitenkaan teknisten rajoitteiden takia toimi palvelimella suoritettavissa testeissä, joten käytä ylläolevia tapoja jos joudut tehtävissä tyhjentämään tiedoston.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Aineiston suodatus' tmcname='osa06-12_aineiston_suodatus'><p>Tiedostossa laskut.csv on tehtävien ratkaisuja seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Arto;2+5;7</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Pekka;3-2;1</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Erkki;9+3;11</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Arto;8-3;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Pekka;5+5;10</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">...jne...</span></code></pre></div><p>Jokaisella rivin muoto on siis <code class=\"language-text\">oppilaan_nimi;lasku;lopputulos</code>. Laskut ovat kaikki esimerkin mukaisesti joko yhteen- tai vähennyslaskuja, ja kaikissa on kaksi operandia.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_laskut()</code>, joka</p><ul>\n<li>Lukee tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">laskut.csv</code> sisällön ja</li>\n<li>kirjoittaa tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">oikeat.csv</code> ne rivit, joilla laskutoimituksen lopputulos on oikein sekä</li>\n<li>kirjoittaa tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">vaarat.csv</code> ne rivit, joilla laskutoimituksen lopputulos on väärin.</li>\n</ul><p>Edellisestä esimerkistä tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">oikeat.csv</code> olisi siis kirjoitettu rivit</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">Arto<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>+5<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span>\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>-2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span>+5<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi muuta riviä olisi kirjoitettu tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">vaarat.csv</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita rivit samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne esiintyvät alkuperäisessä tiedostossa. Älä muuta alkuperäistä tiedostoa.</p><p><em>Huomaa</em> että funktion tulee toimia oikein siinäkin tapauksessa että funktiota kutsutaan monta kertaa perkkäin. Eli riippumatta siitä suoritatko funktion vain kerran</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tai useita kertoja peräkkän</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tiedostojen sisältöjen tulee lopulta olla samat.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Henkilöt talteen' tmcname='osa06-13_henkilot_talteen'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tallenna_henkilo(henkilo: tuple)</code> joka saa parametrikseen henkilöä kuvaavan tuplen. Tuplessa on seuraavat tiedot tässä järjestyksessä:</p><ul>\n<li>Nimi (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>Ikä (kokonaisluku)</li>\n<li>Pituus (liukuluku)</li>\n</ul><p>Tallenna henkilön tiedot tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">henkilot.csv</code> olemassa olevien tietojen perään. Tiedot tulee tallentaa muodosssa</p><p>nimi;ikä;pituus</p><p>eli yhden henkilön tiedot tulevat yhdelle riville. Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametrien arvoilla <code class=\"language-text\">(\"Kimmo Kimmonen\", 37, 175.5)</code>, ohjelma kirjoittaisi tiedoston loppuun rivin</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">Kimmo Kimmonen;37;175.5</code></p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tiedon-kasittely-csvna\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon käsittely CSV:nä<a href=\"#tiedon-kasittely-csvna\" aria-label=\"tiedon kasittely csvna permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä lopuksi ohjelma, joka lukee CSV-tiedostosta opiskelijoiden viikoittaiset kurssipistemäärät ja laskee näiden avulla kurssin arvosanan. Lopuksi ohjelma luo CSV-tiedoston, josta selviää opiskelijan yhteispistemäärä sekä arvosana</p><p>Ohjelman lukema CSV-tiedosto näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;4;2;3;5;4;0;0\nPaula;7;2;8;3;5;4;5\nPirjo;3;4;3;5;3;4;4\nEmilia;6;6;5;5;0;4;8</p></sample-data><p>Ohjelman logiikka on jaettu kolmeen funktioon. Tiedoston lukeminen tapahtuu samaan tapaan kuin edellisessä aliluvussa: tiedot talletetaan sanakirjaan, jossa avaimena on opiskelijan nimi ja arvona lista viikkopisteistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_viikkopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    viikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pisteet <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> viikkopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Arvosanojen laskemista varten on tehty oma funktionsa, jota tiedostoon kirjoittava funktio hyödyntää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tallenna_tulokset</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\\n\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Itse \"pääohjelma\" on nyt hyvin yksinkertainen. Huomaa, että luettavan ja kirjoitettavan tiedoston nimet annetaan funktioille parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"viikkopisteet.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntallenna_tulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tulokset.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Suorituksen tuloksena oleva CSV-tiedosto näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;18;0\nPaula;34;3\nPirjo;26;2\nEmilia;41;5</p></sample-data><p>Huomaa, miten ohjelma on koostettu suhteellisen yksinkertaisista, vain yhteen asiaan keskittyvistä funktioista. Tämä on yleisesti ottaen suositeltava tapa ohjelmoinnissa, se helpottaa ohjelman toiminnallisuuden varmistamista sekä myöhemmin ohjelmaan tehtävien muutosten sekä laajennusten tekemistä.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi haluaisimme ohjelmaan toiminnallisuuden, joka tulostaa yhden opiskelijan arvosanan, olisi toiminnallisuus helppo koostaa käyttäen apuna jo valmiina olevaa arvosanan laskevaa funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>haettava<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> haettava<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\nviikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"viikkopisteet.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hae_arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paula\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-data><p>3</p></sample-data><p>Jos ohjelmasta halutaan muuttaa tai korjata \"yhtä asiaa\", esimerkiksi arvosanojen pisterajoja, kohdistuu muokkaus hyvin rakennetussa ohjelmassa ainoastaan yhteen tai muutamaan funktioon. Jos sama logiikka, esimerkiksi arvosanan laskeminen, olisi kopioitu useaan paikkaan, kasvaisi riski, että muutoksia ei muistettaisi tehdä kaikkiin oikeisiin paikkoihin.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 4' tmcname='osa06-14_kurssin_tulokset_osa4'><p>Laajennetaan vielä hieman aiemmin kurssien tulokset generoivaa sovellusta.</p><p>Tällä hetkellä tiedostosta luetaan opiskelijoiden nimet, tehtäväpisteet sekä koepisteet. Laajennetaan ohjelmaa siten, että myös kurssin nimi ja laajuus luetaan tiedostosta, jonka muoto on seuraava (tiedosto on kirjoitettu ilman ääkkösiä, jotta se ei aiheuttaisi ongelmia Windowsissa):</p><sample-data><pre>\n\nnimi: Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\nlaajuus opintopisteina: 5\n</pre></sample-data><p>Ohjelma luo kaksi tiedostoa. Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">tulos.txt</code> muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-data><pre>\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet, 5 opintopistettä\n========================================\nnimi                          teht_lkm  teht_pist koe_pist  yht_pist  arvosana\npekka peloton                 21        5         9         14        0\njaana javanainen              27        6         11        17        1\nliisa virtanen                35        8         14        22        3\n</pre></sample-data><p>Tulokset kertova osa on siis samanlainen kuin tehtävän edellisen osan tulostus.</p><p>Tämän lisäksi luodaan tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">tulos.csv</code>, jonka muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-data><pre>\n12345678;pekka peloton;0\n12345687;jaana javanainen;1\n12345699;liisa virtanen;3\n</pre></sample-data><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\ntehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nkoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong>\nkurssin tiedot: <strong>kurssi1.txt</strong>\nTulokset talletettu tiedostoihin tulos.txt ja tulos.csv</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma siis ainoastaan kyselee tiedostojen nimet ja varsinaiset tulokset tallennetaan vain tiedostoihin.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sanahaku' tmcname='osa06-15_sanahaku'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.txt</code>, joka sisältää englanninkielisiä sanoja.</p><p>Tehtäväsi on kirjoittaa funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_sanat(hakusana: str)</code>, joka palauttaa listana annetun hakusanan mukaiset sanat tiedostosta.</p><p>Hakusanassa voi käyttää pienten kirjainten lisäksi seuraavia erikoismerkkejä:</p><ul>\n<li>Piste <code class=\"language-text\">.</code> tarkoittaa, että mikä tahansa merkki käy (esim <code class=\"language-text\">ca.</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja cat ja car, <code class=\"language-text\">p.ng</code> sanoja ping ja pong ja <code class=\"language-text\">.a.e</code> sanoja sane, care tai late.</li>\n<li>Asteriski <code class=\"language-text\">*</code> tarkoittaa, että sanan alku- tai loppuosaksi käy mikä tahansa jono, esim. <code class=\"language-text\">ca*</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja california, cat, caring tai catapult. Vastaavasti hakusana <code class=\"language-text\">*ane</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja crane, insane tai aeroplane. Voit olettaa, että asteriski on aina joko hakusanan alussa tai lopussa, ja että hakusanassa esiintyy korkeintaan yksi asteriski.</li>\n<li>Jos hakusanassa ei ole erikoismerkkejä, haetaan vain täsmälleen hakusanaa vastaava sana.</li>\n</ul><p>Sovitaan, että samassa hakusanassa ei voi käyttää molempia erikoismerkkejä.</p><p>Sanat ovat tiedostossa kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla kirjoitettuna. Voit myös olettaa, että funktion parametri on annettu kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla.</p><p>Jos yhtään tulosta ei löydy, funktio palauttaa tyhjän listan.</p><p>Vinkki: Pythonin merkkijonometodeista startswith() ja endswith() saattaa olla hyötyä tehtävässä, googlaa niiden toiminta tarvittaessa tarkemmin!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hae_sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"*vokes\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['convokes', 'equivokes', 'evokes', 'invokes', 'provokes', 'reinvokes', 'revokes']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Muistava sanakirja' tmcname='osa06-16_muistava_sanakirja'><p>Tee sanakirjaa mallintava ohjelma, johon voi syöttää uusia sanoja tai josta voi hakea syötettyjä sanoja.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia näin:</p><sample-output><p>1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>auto</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>car</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>roska</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>garbage</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>laukku</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>bag</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>bag</strong>\nroska - garbage\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>car</strong>\nauto - car\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>laukku</strong>\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>3</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p>Sanat tallennetaan tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">sanakirja.txt</code>. Ohjelma lukee tiedoston sisällön kun se käynnistetään. Uudet sanaparit lisätään tiedostoon aina tallennuksen yhteydessä.</p><p>Voit itse päättää tiedostoon tallennettavan tiedon muodon.</p><p>Huomaa, että paikallisten TMC-testien ajaminen voi tyhjentää sanakirja-tiedoston.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"a4414b90-5cf5-520c-8c9e-2f18fed17fd5\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/2-tiedostojen-kirjoittaminen","title":"Tiedostojen kirjoittaminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/2-tiedostojen-kirjoittaminen.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"auto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"car"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"roska"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"garbage"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana suomeksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laukku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana englanniksi: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"bag"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nroska - garbage\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"car"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nauto - car\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna sana: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"laukku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMoi!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Sanat tallennetaan tiedostoon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanakirja.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Ohjelma lukee tiedoston sisällön kun se käynnistetään. Uudet sanaparit lisätään tiedostoon aina tallennuksen yhteydessä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit itse päättää tiedostoon tallennettavan tiedon muodon."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että paikallisten TMC-testien ajaminen voi tyhjentää sanakirja-tiedoston."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom:"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei"}]},{"type":"text","value":" erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ei tule sijoittaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkoon!"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"a4414b90-5cf5-520c-8c9e-2f18fed17fd5"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda itse tiedoston Pythonilla</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa tekstimuotoista tietoa tiedostoon</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa CSV-muotoisen tiedoston omasta datastasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tiedoston lukemisen lisäksi voimme luonnollisesti myös kirjoittaa tiedostoon tietoa. Tyypillinen esimerkki on ohjelman tulosten tallentaminen tiedostoon, jotta niitä voidaan käyttää myös myöhemmin tai muokata edelleen jollain toisella ohjelmalla.</p><p>Tiedoston kirjoittamisessa voimme joko luoda uuden tiedoston tai lisätä tietoa olemassa olevan tiedoston vanhan tiedon perään. Molemmissa tapauksissa käytetään edellisestä osasta tuttua <code class=\"language-text\">open</code>-funktiota, mutta kirjoittamista varten funktiolle annetaan toinen parametri.</p><h2 id=\"uuden-tiedoston-luominen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Uuden tiedoston luominen<a href=\"#uuden-tiedoston-luominen\" aria-label=\"uuden tiedoston luominen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Uusi tiedosto luodaan antamalla <code class=\"language-text\">open</code>-funktiolle tiedoston nimen lisäksi avaustilaksi <code class=\"language-text\">w</code> (tulee sanasta \"write\"). Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tiedostoon kirjoittaminen</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että <strong>mikäli tiedosto on jo olemassa, kaikki sen sisältö ylikirjoitetaan</strong>. Ole siis erittäin huolellinen uusia tiedostoja luodessasi.</p><p>Kun tiedosto on avattu, sinne voidaan kirjoittaa tietoa. Kirjoittaminen tapahtuu metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">write</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kirjoitettavan merkkijonon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suorittamisen jälkeen samaan hakemistoon ilmestyy tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code>, jonka sisältö näyttää tältä:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!</p></sample-data><p>Huomaa, että jos tiedostoon halutaan rivinvaihtoja, ne täytyy lisätä tekstiin itse. Esimerkiksi ohjelma</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen rivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tuottaa seuraavanlaisen tiedoston:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!Toinen riviViimeinen rivi</p></sample-data><p>Tulostukset saadaan omille riveilleen lisäämällä rivien loppuun rivivaihtomerkki <code class=\"language-text\">\\n</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Toinen rivi\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen rivi\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code> näyttää tältä:</p><sample-data><p>Moi kaikki!\nToinen rivi\nViimeinen rivi</p></sample-data><programming-exercise name='Omistuskirjoitus' tmcname='osa06-10_omistuskirjoitus'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy nimeä ja luo \"omistuskirjoituksen\" käyttäjän haluamaan tiedostoon. Seuraavassa ohjelman esimerkkisuoritus:</p><sample-output><p>Kenelle teos omistetaan: <strong>Arto</strong>\nMihin kirjoitetaan: <strong>omistettu.txt</strong></p></sample-output><p>Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">omistettu.txt</code> sisällöksi tulee</p><sample-data><p>Hei Arto, toivomme viihtyisiä hetkiä python-kurssimateriaalin parissa! Terveisin mooc.fi-tiimi</p></sample-data><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tiedon-lisaaminen-olemassaolevaan-tiedostoon\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon lisääminen olemassaolevaan tiedostoon<a href=\"#tiedon-lisaaminen-olemassaolevaan-tiedostoon\" aria-label=\"tiedon lisaaminen olemassaolevaan tiedostoon permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos haluamme lisätä tietoa olemassa olevaan tiedostoon, voimme avata tiedoston tilassa <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> (lyhenne sanasta \"append\"). Tällöin tiedoston nykyistä sisältöä ei pyyhitä, vaan uusi tieto kirjoitetaan tiedoston loppuun.</p><p>Jos tiedostoa ei ole olemassa, tila <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> toimii samalla tavalla kuin tila <code class=\"language-text\">w</code>.</p><p>Seuraava ohjelma avaa edellisen esimerkin tuottaman tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_tiedosto.txt</code> ja lisää sen perään pari riviä tekstiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"a\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rivi numero 4\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ja taas yksi.\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman suorituksen jälkeen tiedosto näyttää tältä:</p><sample-output><p>Moi kaikki!\nToinen rivi\nViimeinen rivi\nRivi numero 4\nJa taas yksi.</p></sample-output><p>Tiedon lisääminen tiedostoon on kuitenkin suhteellisen harvoin tarvittava operaatio.</p><p>Tiedostoon lisäämisen sijaan on usein yksinkertaisinta kirjoittaa tiedosto kokonaan uudelleen. Näin joudutaan useimmiten tekemään jos esimerkiksi tiedoston sisältö muuttuu keskeltä tiedostoa.</p><programming-exercise name='Päiväkirja' tmcname='osa06-11_paivakirja'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka mallintaa yksinkertaista päiväkirjaa. Ohjelman tulee tallentaa päiväkirjamerkinnät tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">paivakirja.txt</code>. Kun ohjelma käynnistetään, se lukee merkinnät tiedostosta.</p><p>Huom! Paikalliset testit voivat muuttaa tiedoston sisältöä - kopioi siis tiedosto talteen ennen testien ajamista, jos haluat säilyttää sen sisällön.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna merkintä: <strong>Tänään söin puuroa</strong>\nPäiväkirja tallennettu</p><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna merkintä: <strong>Illalla kävin saunassa</strong>\nPäiväkirja tallennettu</p><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\nIllalla kävin saunassa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>0</strong>\nHeippa!</p></sample-output><p>Uusi käynnistys:</p><sample-output><p>1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nMerkinnät:\nTänään söin puuroa\nIllalla kävin saunassa\n1 - lisää merkintä, 2 - lue merkinnät, 0 - lopeta\nValinta: <strong>0</strong>\nHeippa!</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-kirjoittaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston kirjoittaminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-kirjoittaminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston kirjoittaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-tiedoston voi kirjoittaa rivi riviltä <code class=\"language-text\">write</code>-metodilla. Esimerkiksi seuraava esimerkki luo tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">koodarit.csv</code>, jonka jokaisella rivillä on koodarin nimi, työympäristö, lempikieli ja kokemus vuosissa. Tiedot on erotettu puolipisteillä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki;Windows;Pascal;10\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti;Linux;PHP;2\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti;Linux;Java;17\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia;Mac;Cobol;9\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän tuloksena on seuraava tiedosto:</p><sample-output><p>Erkki;Windows;Pascal;10\nMatti;Linux;PHP;2\nAntti;Linux;Java;17\nEmilia;Mac;Cobol;9</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan sitten tilannetta, jossa tiedostoon kirjoitettavat tiedot ovatkin muistissa listoina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">koodarit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Windows\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Linux\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"PHP\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Linux\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Java\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mac\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Cobol\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt voimme kirjoittaa koodarien tiedot CSV-tiedostoon näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n        tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos koodaria kuvaavissa listoissa olisi suuri määrä alkioita, olisi csv-tiedostoon kirjoitetavien rivien muodostaminen yllä olevalla tekniikalla työläähköä, ja rivit kannattaisikin koota silmukan avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"koodarit.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koodari <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodarit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koodari<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            rivi <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;\"</span></span>\n        rivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\\n\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tiedoston-tyhjentaminen-ja-poisto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedoston tyhjentäminen ja poisto<a href=\"#tiedoston-tyhjentaminen-ja-poisto\" aria-label=\"tiedoston tyhjentaminen ja poisto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Joissain tilanteissa ohjelmassa on tarvetta tyhjentää olemassaolevan tiedoston sisältö. Tämä onnistuu avaamalla tiedosto kirjoitustilassa \"w\" ja sulkemalla tiedosto välittömästi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tyhjennettava_tiedosto.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lohkossa on ainoastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code>, joka ei tee mitään. Komento tarvitaan, sillä Python ei salli sellaisia lohkoja missä ei ole mitään komentoja.</p><p>Tiedoston tyhjennys on mahdollista tehdä myös ilman <code class=\"language-text\">with</code>-lohkokon käyttöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'tyhjennettava_tiedosto.txt'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">'w'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>close<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><text-box variant='hint' name='Tiedoston poistaminen'><p>Tiedosto voidaan myös poistaa kokonaan. Poisto tapahtuu seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># poisto-komento tuodaan koodin käyttöön import-lauseella</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> os\n\nos<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>remove<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tarpeeton_tiedosto.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei kuitenkaan teknisten rajoitteiden takia toimi palvelimella suoritettavissa testeissä, joten käytä ylläolevia tapoja jos joudut tehtävissä tyhjentämään tiedoston.</p></text-box><programming-exercise name='Aineiston suodatus' tmcname='osa06-12_aineiston_suodatus'><p>Tiedostossa laskut.csv on tehtävien ratkaisuja seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">Arto;2+5;7</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Pekka;3-2;1</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Erkki;9+3;11</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Arto;8-3;4</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">Pekka;5+5;10</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">...jne...</span></code></pre></div><p>Jokaisella rivin muoto on siis <code class=\"language-text\">oppilaan_nimi;lasku;lopputulos</code>. Laskut ovat kaikki esimerkin mukaisesti joko yhteen- tai vähennyslaskuja, ja kaikissa on kaksi operandia.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_laskut()</code>, joka</p><ul>\n<li>Lukee tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">laskut.csv</code> sisällön ja</li>\n<li>kirjoittaa tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">oikeat.csv</code> ne rivit, joilla laskutoimituksen lopputulos on oikein sekä</li>\n<li>kirjoittaa tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">vaarat.csv</code> ne rivit, joilla laskutoimituksen lopputulos on väärin.</li>\n</ul><p>Edellisestä esimerkistä tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">oikeat.csv</code> olisi siis kirjoitettu rivit</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">Arto<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span>+5<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span>\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span>-2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\nPekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span>+5<span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><p>Kaksi muuta riviä olisi kirjoitettu tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">vaarat.csv</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita rivit samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne esiintyvät alkuperäisessä tiedostossa. Älä muuta alkuperäistä tiedostoa.</p><p><em>Huomaa</em> että funktion tulee toimia oikein siinäkin tapauksessa että funktiota kutsutaan monta kertaa perkkäin. Eli riippumatta siitä suoritatko funktion vain kerran</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tai useita kertoja peräkkän</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsuodata_laskut<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tiedostojen sisältöjen tulee lopulta olla samat.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Henkilöt talteen' tmcname='osa06-13_henkilot_talteen'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tallenna_henkilo(henkilo: tuple)</code> joka saa parametrikseen henkilöä kuvaavan tuplen. Tuplessa on seuraavat tiedot tässä järjestyksessä:</p><ul>\n<li>Nimi (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>Ikä (kokonaisluku)</li>\n<li>Pituus (liukuluku)</li>\n</ul><p>Tallenna henkilön tiedot tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">henkilot.csv</code> olemassa olevien tietojen perään. Tiedot tulee tallentaa muodosssa</p><p>nimi;ikä;pituus</p><p>eli yhden henkilön tiedot tulevat yhdelle riville. Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametrien arvoilla <code class=\"language-text\">(\"Kimmo Kimmonen\", 37, 175.5)</code>, ohjelma kirjoittaisi tiedoston loppuun rivin</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">Kimmo Kimmonen;37;175.5</code></p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tiedon-kasittely-csvna\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon käsittely CSV:nä<a href=\"#tiedon-kasittely-csvna\" aria-label=\"tiedon kasittely csvna permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tehdään vielä lopuksi ohjelma, joka lukee CSV-tiedostosta opiskelijoiden viikoittaiset kurssipistemäärät ja laskee näiden avulla kurssin arvosanan. Lopuksi ohjelma luo CSV-tiedoston, josta selviää opiskelijan yhteispistemäärä sekä arvosana</p><p>Ohjelman lukema CSV-tiedosto näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;4;2;3;5;4;0;0\nPaula;7;2;8;3;5;4;5\nPirjo;3;4;3;5;3;4;4\nEmilia;6;6;5;5;0;4;8</p></sample-data><p>Ohjelman logiikka on jaettu kolmeen funktioon. Tiedoston lukeminen tapahtuu samaan tapaan kuin edellisessä aliluvussa: tiedot talletetaan sanakirjaan, jossa avaimena on opiskelijan nimi ja arvona lista viikkopisteistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_viikkopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    viikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pisteet <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> viikkopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Arvosanojen laskemista varten on tehty oma funktionsa, jota tiedostoon kirjoittava funktio hyödyntää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">35</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tallenna_tulokset</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedostonimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"w\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>write<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">;</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\\n\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Itse \"pääohjelma\" on nyt hyvin yksinkertainen. Huomaa, että luettavan ja kirjoitettavan tiedoston nimet annetaan funktioille parametrina:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"viikkopisteet.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntallenna_tulokset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tulokset.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Suorituksen tuloksena oleva CSV-tiedosto näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Pekka;18;0\nPaula;34;3\nPirjo;26;2\nEmilia;41;5</p></sample-data><p>Huomaa, miten ohjelma on koostettu suhteellisen yksinkertaisista, vain yhteen asiaan keskittyvistä funktioista. Tämä on yleisesti ottaen suositeltava tapa ohjelmoinnissa, se helpottaa ohjelman toiminnallisuuden varmistamista sekä myöhemmin ohjelmaan tehtävien muutosten sekä laajennusten tekemistä.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi haluaisimme ohjelmaan toiminnallisuuden, joka tulostaa yhden opiskelijan arvosanan, olisi toiminnallisuus helppo koostaa käyttäen apuna jo valmiina olevaa arvosanan laskevaa funktiota:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_arvosana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>haettava<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lista <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>items<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> haettava<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n\nviikkopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"viikkopisteet.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hae_arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paula\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikkopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-data><p>3</p></sample-data><p>Jos ohjelmasta halutaan muuttaa tai korjata \"yhtä asiaa\", esimerkiksi arvosanojen pisterajoja, kohdistuu muokkaus hyvin rakennetussa ohjelmassa ainoastaan yhteen tai muutamaan funktioon. Jos sama logiikka, esimerkiksi arvosanan laskeminen, olisi kopioitu useaan paikkaan, kasvaisi riski, että muutoksia ei muistettaisi tehdä kaikkiin oikeisiin paikkoihin.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssin tulokset, osa 4' tmcname='osa06-14_kurssin_tulokset_osa4'><p>Laajennetaan vielä hieman aiemmin kurssien tulokset generoivaa sovellusta.</p><p>Tällä hetkellä tiedostosta luetaan opiskelijoiden nimet, tehtäväpisteet sekä koepisteet. Laajennetaan ohjelmaa siten, että myös kurssin nimi ja laajuus luetaan tiedostosta, jonka muoto on seuraava (tiedosto on kirjoitettu ilman ääkkösiä, jotta se ei aiheuttaisi ongelmia Windowsissa):</p><sample-data><pre>\n\nnimi: Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\nlaajuus opintopisteina: 5\n</pre></sample-data><p>Ohjelma luo kaksi tiedostoa. Tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">tulos.txt</code> muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-data><pre>\nOhjelmoinnin perusteet, 5 opintopistettä\n========================================\nnimi                          teht_lkm  teht_pist koe_pist  yht_pist  arvosana\npekka peloton                 21        5         9         14        0\njaana javanainen              27        6         11        17        1\nliisa virtanen                35        8         14        22        3\n</pre></sample-data><p>Tulokset kertova osa on siis samanlainen kuin tehtävän edellisen osan tulostus.</p><p>Tämän lisäksi luodaan tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">tulos.csv</code>, jonka muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-data><pre>\n12345678;pekka peloton;0\n12345687;jaana javanainen;1\n12345699;liisa virtanen;3\n</pre></sample-data><p>Ohjelman suoritus näyttää seuraavalta:</p><sample-output><p>opiskelijatiedot: <strong>opiskelijat1.csv</strong>\ntehtävätiedot: <strong>tehtavat1.csv</strong>\nkoepisteet: <strong>koepisteet1.csv</strong>\nkurssin tiedot: <strong>kurssi1.txt</strong>\nTulokset talletettu tiedostoihin tulos.txt ja tulos.csv</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelma siis ainoastaan kyselee tiedostojen nimet ja varsinaiset tulokset tallennetaan vain tiedostoihin.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Sanahaku' tmcname='osa06-15_sanahaku'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.txt</code>, joka sisältää englanninkielisiä sanoja.</p><p>Tehtäväsi on kirjoittaa funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_sanat(hakusana: str)</code>, joka palauttaa listana annetun hakusanan mukaiset sanat tiedostosta.</p><p>Hakusanassa voi käyttää pienten kirjainten lisäksi seuraavia erikoismerkkejä:</p><ul>\n<li>Piste <code class=\"language-text\">.</code> tarkoittaa, että mikä tahansa merkki käy (esim <code class=\"language-text\">ca.</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja cat ja car, <code class=\"language-text\">p.ng</code> sanoja ping ja pong ja <code class=\"language-text\">.a.e</code> sanoja sane, care tai late.</li>\n<li>Asteriski <code class=\"language-text\">*</code> tarkoittaa, että sanan alku- tai loppuosaksi käy mikä tahansa jono, esim. <code class=\"language-text\">ca*</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja california, cat, caring tai catapult. Vastaavasti hakusana <code class=\"language-text\">*ane</code> vastaa vaikkapa sanoja crane, insane tai aeroplane. Voit olettaa, että asteriski on aina joko hakusanan alussa tai lopussa, ja että hakusanassa esiintyy korkeintaan yksi asteriski.</li>\n<li>Jos hakusanassa ei ole erikoismerkkejä, haetaan vain täsmälleen hakusanaa vastaava sana.</li>\n</ul><p>Sovitaan, että samassa hakusanassa ei voi käyttää molempia erikoismerkkejä.</p><p>Sanat ovat tiedostossa kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla kirjoitettuna. Voit myös olettaa, että funktion parametri on annettu kokonaan pienillä kirjaimilla.</p><p>Jos yhtään tulosta ei löydy, funktio palauttaa tyhjän listan.</p><p>Vinkki: Pythonin merkkijonometodeista startswith() ja endswith() saattaa olla hyötyä tehtävässä, googlaa niiden toiminta tarvittaessa tarkemmin!</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hae_sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"*vokes\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['convokes', 'equivokes', 'evokes', 'invokes', 'provokes', 'reinvokes', 'revokes']</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Muistava sanakirja' tmcname='osa06-16_muistava_sanakirja'><p>Tee sanakirjaa mallintava ohjelma, johon voi syöttää uusia sanoja tai josta voi hakea syötettyjä sanoja.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia näin:</p><sample-output><p>1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>auto</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>car</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>roska</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>garbage</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>1</strong>\nAnna sana suomeksi: <strong>laukku</strong>\nAnna sana englanniksi: <strong>bag</strong>\nSanapari lisätty\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>bag</strong>\nroska - garbage\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>car</strong>\nauto - car\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>2</strong>\nAnna sana: <strong>laukku</strong>\nlaukku - bag\n1 - Lisää sana, 2 - Hae sanaa, 3 - Poistu\nValinta: <strong>3</strong>\nMoi!</p></sample-output><p>Sanat tallennetaan tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">sanakirja.txt</code>. Ohjelma lukee tiedoston sisällön kun se käynnistetään. Uudet sanaparit lisätään tiedostoon aina tallennuksen yhteydessä.</p><p>Voit itse päättää tiedostoon tallennettavan tiedon muodon.</p><p>Huomaa, että paikallisten TMC-testien ajaminen voi tyhjentää sanakirja-tiedoston.</p><p><strong>Huom:</strong> tässä tehtävässä (eikä missään muussakaan tehtävissä missä <em>ei</em> erikseen pyydetä funktioiden toteuttamista) mitään koodia <strong>ei tule sijoittaa</strong>\n<code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkoon!</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"a4414b90-5cf5-520c-8c9e-2f18fed17fd5\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/2-tiedostojen-kirjoittaminen","title":"Tiedostojen 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k\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kertoma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kertoma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kertoma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"6\n720\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"testi.py\", line 11, in "},{"type":"element","tagName":"module","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\nprint(kertoma(-1))\nFile \"testi.py\", line 3, in kertoma\nraise ValueError(\"Negatiivinen syöte: \" + str(n))\nValueError: Negatiivinen syöte: -1"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Parametrien validointi ","tmcname":"osa06-18_parametrien_validointi"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"uusi_henkilo(nimi: str, ika: int)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka luo ja palauttaa uuden henkilö-tuplen. Tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio on nimi ja jälkimmäinen ikä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos funktion parametrit ovat virheelliset, sen tulee tuplen palauttamisen sijasta tuottaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ValueError"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-poikkeus."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Virheellisiä parametreja tässä tapauksessa ovat:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimi on tyhjä merkkijono"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimi ei koostu vähintään kahdesta sanasta"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimen pituus on yli 40 merkkiä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ikä on negatiivinen luku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ikä on suurempi kuin 150"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Virheelliset lottonumerot","tmcname":"osa06-19_virheelliset_lottonumerot"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiedostoon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lottonumerot.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on tallennettu lottonumeroita seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 1;5,7,11,13,23,24,30\nviikko 2;9,13,14,24,34,35,37\n...jne..."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Aluksi pitäisi olla siis otsikko "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko x"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ja sen jälkeen seitsemän numeroa väliltä 1...39."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiedosto on kuitenkin osittain korruptoitunut. Seuraavat rivit ovat esimerkkejä virheellisistä riveistä (huomaa, että tehtäväpohjassa olevassa tiedostossa ei ole juuri näitä virheitä):"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Viikkonumero pielessä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko zzc;1,5,13,22,24,25,26"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Numero tai numeroita pielessä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 22;1,**,5,6,13,2b,34"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Liian vähän numeroita:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 13;4,6,17,19,24,33"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Liian pieniä tai suuria numeroita:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 39;5,9,15,35,39,41,105"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rivissä esiintyy sama numero kahdesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 41;5,12,3,35,12,14,36"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"suodata_virheelliset()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka luo tiedoston "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"korjatut_numerot.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Tiedostoon on kopioitu kelvolliset rivit alkuperäisestä tiedostosta."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"bbc6d86e-5d2e-5614-b71f-f92532ae48e7"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten virheellisiä syötteitä voidaan käsitellä</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan poikkeuksella ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Tunnistat tyypillisiä poikkeuksia Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Osaat käsitellä poikkeuksia omissa ohjelmissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Ohjelmointiin liittyvät virheet voidaan jakaa kahteen ryhmään:</p><ol>\n<li>Syntaksivirheet, jotka estävät ohjelman suorittamisen kokonaan</li>\n<li>Suorituksen aikaiset virheet, jotka keskeyttävät ohjelman suorituksen</li>\n</ol><p>Ryhmän 1 virheet on yleensä helppoa korjata, koska Python-tulkki huomauttaa niistä, kun ohjelmaa yritetään suorittaa. Tällaisia virheitä ovat esimerkiksi puuttuva kaksoispiste silmukan alussa tai puuttuva lainausmerkki merkkijonon lopussa.</p><p>Ryhmän 2 virheet voivat olla hankalampia havaita, koska virhe voi tapahtua jossain vaiheessa ohjelman suorituksen aikana ja vain tietyissä tilanteissa. Ohjelma saattaa toimia yleensä hyvin mutta keskeytyä virheen takia jossain reunatapauksessa. Keskitymme seuraavaksi tällaisten virheiden käsittelyyn.</p><h2 id=\"syotteiden-tarkastaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syötteiden tarkastaminen<a href=\"#syotteiden-tarkastaminen\" aria-label=\"syotteiden tarkastaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein virhetilanteet ohjelmien suorituksen aikana liittyvät jotenkin virheelliseen syötteeseen. Esimerkkejä virheellisistä syötteistä ovat</p><ul>\n<li>puuttuvat tai tyhjät arvot: esimerkiksi pituus nolla tai tyhjä merkkijono nimenä</li>\n<li>negatiiviset arvot: esimerkiksi –15 reseptin aineosan painona</li>\n<li>puuttuva tai väärän niminen tiedosto</li>\n<li>liian pienet tai liian suuret arvot</li>\n<li>väärä indeksi (esim. viittaaminen indeksiin 3 merkkijonossa \"moi\")</li>\n<li>väärän tyyppiset arvot, esimerkiksi merkkijono luvun sijasta</li>\n</ul><p>Useimpiin virheistä voidaan onneksi varautua ohjelmallisesti. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka lukee käyttäjältä syötteenä tämän iän ja testaa, että se on sallituissa rajoissa (vähintään 0 ja korkeintaan 150):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna ikäsi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikä kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>25</strong>\nIkä kelpaa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>-3</strong>\nVirheellinen ikä</p></sample-output><p>Syötteen tarkastamisessa (eli <em>validoinnissa</em>) ilmenee kuitenkin puutteita, jos syötteeksi annetaan esimerkiksi merkkijono:</p><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>kakskytkolme</strong>\nValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'kakskytkolme'</p></sample-output><p>Virhe johtuu siitä, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> ei pysty muuttamaan merkkijonoa <code class=\"language-text\">kakskytkolme</code> kokonaisluvuksi. Tämän seurauksena ohjelman suoritus keskeytyy yllä olevaan virheilmoitukseen.</p><h2 id=\"poikkeukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeukset<a href=\"#poikkeukset\" aria-label=\"poikkeukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelman suorituksen aikaisia virheitä kutsutaan <em>poikkeuksiksi</em> (exception). Ohjelman koodissa on mahdollista varautua poikkeuksiin ja käsitellä ne ilman, että ohjelman suoritus keskeytyy.</p><p>Pythonissa poikkeukset käsitellään <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseilla. Ideana on, että mikäli <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkossa tapahtuu jokin poikkeus, Python tarkistaa, onko tälle poikkeukselle määritelty <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lohkoa. Mikäli on, suoritetaan tämä lohko ja suoritus jatkuu sen jälkeen normaalisti.</p><p>Muutetaan edellä esitettyä esimerkkiä siten, että ohjelma varautuu poikkeukseen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna ikäsi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikä kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>kakskytkolme</strong>\nVirheellinen ikä</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa voidaan siis <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lauseella ilmoittaa, että seuraavan lohkon sisällä tapahtuva toiminta voi aiheuttaa virheen. Välittömästi <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkoa seuraavassa <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseessa ilmoitetaan, mihin virheeseen varaudutaan. Edellisessä esimerkissä varauduttiin ainoastaan virheeseen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code> - jokin muu virhe olisi edelleen katkaissut ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Tässä tapauksessa virhetilanteessa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code> saa arvon -1, jolloin ohjelma tunnistaa oikein virheellisen iän, koska ehtona on, että ikä on vähintään 0.</p><p>Seuraava funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kokonaisluku</code> lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun varautuen siihen, että käyttäjä antaa virheellisen syötteen. Funktio kysyy lukua uudestaan niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä lopulta antaa kelvollisen luvun.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kokonaisluku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syötä kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen syöte\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kokonaisluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"potenssiin kolme on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaisluku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>aybabtu</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>5</strong>\nKiitos!\n5 potenssiin kolme on 125</p></sample-output><p>Joissain tilanteissa saattaa olla tarvetta varautua poikkeukseen, mutta poikkeuksen tapahtuessa riittää \"ignoorata\" se, eli jättää koko asia huomiomatta <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lohkossa.</p><p>Jos muuttaisimme edellistä esimerkkiä siten, että funktio hyväksyisi ainoastaan lukua 100 pienemmät kokonaisluvut, voisimme muuttaa toteutusta seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_pieni_kokonaisluku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syötä kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä komento ei tee mitään</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen syöte\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_pieni_kokonaisluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"potenssiin kolme on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaisluku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>1000</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>5</strong>\nKiitos!\n5 potenssiin kolme on 125</p></sample-output><p>Nyt siis poikkeuksen käsittelevässä lohkossa on ainoastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code>, joka ei tee mitään. Komento tarvitaan, sillä Python ei salli tyhjiä lohkoja.</p><programming-exercise name='Syötteen luku' tmcname='osa06-17_syotteen_luku'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue</code>, joka kysyy käyttäjältä syötettä, kunnes se on parametrien määrittelemällä välillä oleva kokonaisluku. Funktio palauttaa käyttäjän antaman syötteen.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"syötä luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"syötit luvun:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>syötä luku: <strong>seitsemän</strong>\nSyötteen on oltava kokonaisluku väliltä 5...10\nsyötä luku: <strong>-3</strong>\nSyötteen on oltava kokonaisluku väliltä 5...10\nsyötä luku: <strong>8</strong>\nsyötit luvun: 8</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tyypillisia-virheita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyypillisiä virheitä<a href=\"#tyypillisia-virheita\" aria-label=\"tyypillisia virheita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa on listattu joitakin yleisiä virheitä ja syitä niiden ilmenemiselle:</p><p><strong>ValueError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus voi johtua siitä, että funktion parametri on vääränlainen. Esimerkiksi kutsu <code class=\"language-text\">float(\"1,23\")</code> tuottaa tämän poikkeuksen, koska Pythonissa desimaalierottimen tulee olla piste eikä pilkku.</p><p><strong>TypeError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, kun arvo on väärän tyyppinen. Esimerkiksi kutsu <code class=\"language-text\">len(10)</code> saa aikaan tämän poikkeuksen, koska funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> haluaa parametrin, jolle voidaan laskea pituus (kuten merkkijonon tai listan).</p><p><strong>IndexError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, jos yritetään viitata indeksiin, jota ei ole olemassa. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">\"abc\"[5]</code> aiheuttaa tämän poikkeuksen, koska merkkijonossa ei ole indeksiä 5.</p><p><strong>ZeroDivisionError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, jos yritetään jakaa nollalla. Yksi esimerkki on tilanne, jossa yritetään laskea listan arvojen keskiarvo kaavalla <code class=\"language-text\">sum(lista) / len(lista)</code>, mutta listan pituus on nolla.</p><p><strong>Tiedostojen poikkeukset</strong></p><p>Tiedostojen käsittelyssä voi tulla vastaan esimerkiksi poikkeukset <strong>FileNotFoundError</strong> (koetetaan lukea tiedostoa, jota ei ole olemassa), <strong>io.UnsupportedOperation</strong> (tiedosto on avattu tilassa, joka ei salli operaatiota) tai <strong>PermissionError</strong> (ohjelmalla ei ole oikeutta käsitellä tiedostoa).</p><h2 id=\"useamman-poikkeuksen-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useamman poikkeuksen käsittely<a href=\"#useamman-poikkeuksen-kasittely\" aria-label=\"useamman poikkeuksen kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Yhtä <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkoa kohti voi olla useampia <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseita. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa varaudutaan sekä poikkeukseen <code class=\"language-text\">FileNotFoundException</code> että <code class=\"language-text\">PermissionError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> FileNotFoundError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiedostoa esimerkki.txt ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> PermissionError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei oikeutta avata tiedostoa esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Aina ei ole tarpeen eritellä tapahtuneita virheitä. Esimerkiksi juuri tiedostoa avatessa saattaa riittää, että tiedetään virheen tapahtuneen, muttei ole niin tärkeää tietää, miksi virhe tapahtui. Kaikki mahdolliset virheet voi käsitellä käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lausetta määrittelemättä poikkeuksen tyyppiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tapahtui virhe tiedoston lukemisessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että tällaisessa tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lause käsittelee kaikki mahdolliset virheet, myös ohjelmoijan tekemät virheet lukuun ottamatta syntaksivirheitä, jotka estävät ohjelman suorittamisen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma heittää aina poikkeuksen, koska muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tiedosto</code> nimi on kirjoitettu toisessa kohdassa väärin <code class=\"language-text\">tiedotso</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedotso<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tapahtui virhe tiedoston lukemisessa.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä näkee, että <code class=\"language-text\">except</code> voi peittää varsinaisen virheen: tässä tapauksessa virheen syynä ei ole tiedoston käsittely vaan väärin kirjoitettu muuttuja.</p><h2 id=\"poikkeusten-valittyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeusten välittyminen<a href=\"#poikkeusten-valittyminen\" aria-label=\"poikkeusten valittyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos funktion sisällä tapahtuu poikkeus, jota ei käsitellä, poikkeus välitetään funktion kutsujalle. Tätä jatketaan, kunnes ollaan pääohjelman tasolla. Jos poikkeusta ei tässäkään käsitellä sopivalla <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseella, ohjelman suoritus katkeaa ja poikkeus yleensä tulostetaan ruudulle.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> tapahtuva poikkeus käsitellään vasta pääohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jotain meni pieleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nJotain meni pieleen</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"poikkeusten-tuottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeusten tuottaminen<a href=\"#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\" aria-label=\"poikkeusten tuottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme myös tarvittaessa tuottaa poikkeuksen itse komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">raise</code>. Vaikka virheiden tuottaminen varta vasten voi aluksi tuntua oudolta ajatukselta, mekanismi on itse asiassa hyvinkin hyödyllinen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi jos teemme funktion, jolle annetaan virheellinen parametri, voimme ilmaista tämän poikkeuksen avulla. Tämä voi olla parempi tapa kuin esimerkiksi palauttaa jokin virhearvo tai tulostaa viesti ruudulle, koska funktion käyttäjä ei välttämättä huomaisi asiaa.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertoma</code> laskee parametrina annetun luvun kertoman (esimerkiksi luvun 5 kertoma on 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5). Kuitenkin jos annettu luku on negatiivinen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Negatiivinen syöte: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> i\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>6\n720\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"testi.py\", line 11, in <module>\nprint(kertoma(-1))\nFile \"testi.py\", line 3, in kertoma\nraise ValueError(\"Negatiivinen syöte: \" + str(n))\nValueError: Negatiivinen syöte: -1</div></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Parametrien validointi ' tmcname='osa06-18_parametrien_validointi'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_henkilo(nimi: str, ika: int)</code>, joka luo ja palauttaa uuden henkilö-tuplen. Tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio on nimi ja jälkimmäinen ikä.</p><p>Jos funktion parametrit ovat virheelliset, sen tulee tuplen palauttamisen sijasta tuottaa <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>-poikkeus.</p><p>Virheellisiä parametreja tässä tapauksessa ovat:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi on tyhjä merkkijono</li>\n<li>nimi ei koostu vähintään kahdesta sanasta</li>\n<li>nimen pituus on yli 40 merkkiä</li>\n<li>ikä on negatiivinen luku</li>\n<li>ikä on suurempi kuin 150</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Virheelliset lottonumerot' tmcname='osa06-19_virheelliset_lottonumerot'><p>Tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">lottonumerot.csv</code> on tallennettu lottonumeroita seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 1;5,7,11,13,23,24,30\nviikko 2;9,13,14,24,34,35,37\n...jne...</p></sample-data><p>Aluksi pitäisi olla siis otsikko <code class=\"language-text\">viikko x</code>, ja sen jälkeen seitsemän numeroa väliltä 1...39.</p><p>Tiedosto on kuitenkin osittain korruptoitunut. Seuraavat rivit ovat esimerkkejä virheellisistä riveistä (huomaa, että tehtäväpohjassa olevassa tiedostossa ei ole juuri näitä virheitä):</p><p>Viikkonumero pielessä:</p><sample-data><p>viikko zzc;1,5,13,22,24,25,26</p></sample-data><p>Numero tai numeroita pielessä:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 22;1,**,5,6,13,2b,34</p></sample-data><p>Liian vähän numeroita:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 13;4,6,17,19,24,33</p></sample-data><p>Liian pieniä tai suuria numeroita:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 39;5,9,15,35,39,41,105</p></sample-data><p>Rivissä esiintyy sama numero kahdesti:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 41;5,12,3,35,12,14,36</p></sample-data><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_virheelliset()</code>, joka luo tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">korjatut_numerot.csv</code>. Tiedostoon on kopioitu kelvolliset rivit alkuperäisestä tiedostosta.</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"bbc6d86e-5d2e-5614-b71f-f92532ae48e7\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/3-virheet","title":"Virhetilanteisiin varautuminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/3-virheet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio on nimi ja jälkimmäinen ikä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos funktion parametrit ovat virheelliset, sen tulee tuplen palauttamisen sijasta tuottaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ValueError"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-poikkeus."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Virheellisiä parametreja tässä tapauksessa ovat:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimi on tyhjä merkkijono"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimi ei koostu vähintään kahdesta sanasta"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nimen pituus on yli 40 merkkiä"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ikä on negatiivinen luku"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ikä on suurempi kuin 150"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Virheelliset lottonumerot","tmcname":"osa06-19_virheelliset_lottonumerot"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiedostoon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lottonumerot.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on tallennettu lottonumeroita seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 1;5,7,11,13,23,24,30\nviikko 2;9,13,14,24,34,35,37\n...jne..."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Aluksi pitäisi olla siis otsikko "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko x"}]},{"type":"text","value":", ja sen jälkeen seitsemän numeroa väliltä 1...39."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiedosto on kuitenkin osittain korruptoitunut. Seuraavat rivit ovat esimerkkejä virheellisistä riveistä (huomaa, että tehtäväpohjassa olevassa tiedostossa ei ole juuri näitä virheitä):"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Viikkonumero pielessä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko zzc;1,5,13,22,24,25,26"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Numero tai numeroita pielessä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 22;1,**,5,6,13,2b,34"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Liian vähän numeroita:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 13;4,6,17,19,24,33"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Liian pieniä tai suuria numeroita:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 39;5,9,15,35,39,41,105"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Rivissä esiintyy sama numero kahdesti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viikko 41;5,12,3,35,12,14,36"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"suodata_virheelliset()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka luo tiedoston "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"korjatut_numerot.csv"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Tiedostoon on kopioitu kelvolliset rivit alkuperäisestä tiedostosta."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"bbc6d86e-5d2e-5614-b71f-f92532ae48e7"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten virheellisiä syötteitä voidaan käsitellä</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan poikkeuksella ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n<li>Tunnistat tyypillisiä poikkeuksia Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Osaat käsitellä poikkeuksia omissa ohjelmissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Ohjelmointiin liittyvät virheet voidaan jakaa kahteen ryhmään:</p><ol>\n<li>Syntaksivirheet, jotka estävät ohjelman suorittamisen kokonaan</li>\n<li>Suorituksen aikaiset virheet, jotka keskeyttävät ohjelman suorituksen</li>\n</ol><p>Ryhmän 1 virheet on yleensä helppoa korjata, koska Python-tulkki huomauttaa niistä, kun ohjelmaa yritetään suorittaa. Tällaisia virheitä ovat esimerkiksi puuttuva kaksoispiste silmukan alussa tai puuttuva lainausmerkki merkkijonon lopussa.</p><p>Ryhmän 2 virheet voivat olla hankalampia havaita, koska virhe voi tapahtua jossain vaiheessa ohjelman suorituksen aikana ja vain tietyissä tilanteissa. Ohjelma saattaa toimia yleensä hyvin mutta keskeytyä virheen takia jossain reunatapauksessa. Keskitymme seuraavaksi tällaisten virheiden käsittelyyn.</p><h2 id=\"syotteiden-tarkastaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syötteiden tarkastaminen<a href=\"#syotteiden-tarkastaminen\" aria-label=\"syotteiden tarkastaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Usein virhetilanteet ohjelmien suorituksen aikana liittyvät jotenkin virheelliseen syötteeseen. Esimerkkejä virheellisistä syötteistä ovat</p><ul>\n<li>puuttuvat tai tyhjät arvot: esimerkiksi pituus nolla tai tyhjä merkkijono nimenä</li>\n<li>negatiiviset arvot: esimerkiksi –15 reseptin aineosan painona</li>\n<li>puuttuva tai väärän niminen tiedosto</li>\n<li>liian pienet tai liian suuret arvot</li>\n<li>väärä indeksi (esim. viittaaminen indeksiin 3 merkkijonossa \"moi\")</li>\n<li>väärän tyyppiset arvot, esimerkiksi merkkijono luvun sijasta</li>\n</ul><p>Useimpiin virheistä voidaan onneksi varautua ohjelmallisesti. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä ohjelmaa, joka lukee käyttäjältä syötteenä tämän iän ja testaa, että se on sallituissa rajoissa (vähintään 0 ja korkeintaan 150):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna ikäsi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikä kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>25</strong>\nIkä kelpaa</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>-3</strong>\nVirheellinen ikä</p></sample-output><p>Syötteen tarkastamisessa (eli <em>validoinnissa</em>) ilmenee kuitenkin puutteita, jos syötteeksi annetaan esimerkiksi merkkijono:</p><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>kakskytkolme</strong>\nValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'kakskytkolme'</p></sample-output><p>Virhe johtuu siitä, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">int</code> ei pysty muuttamaan merkkijonoa <code class=\"language-text\">kakskytkolme</code> kokonaisluvuksi. Tämän seurauksena ohjelman suoritus keskeytyy yllä olevaan virheilmoitukseen.</p><h2 id=\"poikkeukset\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeukset<a href=\"#poikkeukset\" aria-label=\"poikkeukset permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ohjelman suorituksen aikaisia virheitä kutsutaan <em>poikkeuksiksi</em> (exception). Ohjelman koodissa on mahdollista varautua poikkeuksiin ja käsitellä ne ilman, että ohjelman suoritus keskeytyy.</p><p>Pythonissa poikkeukset käsitellään <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>- ja <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseilla. Ideana on, että mikäli <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkossa tapahtuu jokin poikkeus, Python tarkistaa, onko tälle poikkeukselle määritelty <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lohkoa. Mikäli on, suoritetaan tämä lohko ja suoritus jatkuu sen jälkeen normaalisti.</p><p>Muutetaan edellä esitettyä esimerkkiä siten, että ohjelma varautuu poikkeukseen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna ikäsi: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> ika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> <span class=\"token number\">150</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ikä kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen ikä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna ikäsi: <strong>kakskytkolme</strong>\nVirheellinen ikä</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa voidaan siis <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lauseella ilmoittaa, että seuraavan lohkon sisällä tapahtuva toiminta voi aiheuttaa virheen. Välittömästi <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkoa seuraavassa <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseessa ilmoitetaan, mihin virheeseen varaudutaan. Edellisessä esimerkissä varauduttiin ainoastaan virheeseen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code> - jokin muu virhe olisi edelleen katkaissut ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Tässä tapauksessa virhetilanteessa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">ika</code> saa arvon -1, jolloin ohjelma tunnistaa oikein virheellisen iän, koska ehtona on, että ikä on vähintään 0.</p><p>Seuraava funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kokonaisluku</code> lukee käyttäjältä kokonaisluvun varautuen siihen, että käyttäjä antaa virheellisen syötteen. Funktio kysyy lukua uudestaan niin kauan, kunnes käyttäjä lopulta antaa kelvollisen luvun.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kokonaisluku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syötä kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen syöte\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kokonaisluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kiitos!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"potenssiin kolme on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaisluku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>aybabtu</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>5</strong>\nKiitos!\n5 potenssiin kolme on 125</p></sample-output><p>Joissain tilanteissa saattaa olla tarvetta varautua poikkeukseen, mutta poikkeuksen tapahtuessa riittää \"ignoorata\" se, eli jättää koko asia huomiomatta <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lohkossa.</p><p>Jos muuttaisimme edellistä esimerkkiä siten, että funktio hyväksyisi ainoastaan lukua 100 pienemmät kokonaisluvut, voisimme muuttaa toteutusta seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_pieni_kokonaisluku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            syote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Syötä kokonaisluku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> luku <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luku\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä komento ei tee mitään</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virheellinen syöte\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_pieni_kokonaisluku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"potenssiin kolme on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token operator\">**</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Syötä kokonaisluku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>1000</strong>\nVirheellinen syöte\nSyötä kokonaisluku: <strong>5</strong>\nKiitos!\n5 potenssiin kolme on 125</p></sample-output><p>Nyt siis poikkeuksen käsittelevässä lohkossa on ainoastaan komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code>, joka ei tee mitään. Komento tarvitaan, sillä Python ei salli tyhjiä lohkoja.</p><programming-exercise name='Syötteen luku' tmcname='osa06-17_syotteen_luku'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue</code>, joka kysyy käyttäjältä syötettä, kunnes se on parametrien määrittelemällä välillä oleva kokonaisluku. Funktio palauttaa käyttäjän antaman syötteen.</p><p>Funktio toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"syötä luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"syötit luvun:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>syötä luku: <strong>seitsemän</strong>\nSyötteen on oltava kokonaisluku väliltä 5...10\nsyötä luku: <strong>-3</strong>\nSyötteen on oltava kokonaisluku väliltä 5...10\nsyötä luku: <strong>8</strong>\nsyötit luvun: 8</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"tyypillisia-virheita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyypillisiä virheitä<a href=\"#tyypillisia-virheita\" aria-label=\"tyypillisia virheita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavassa on listattu joitakin yleisiä virheitä ja syitä niiden ilmenemiselle:</p><p><strong>ValueError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus voi johtua siitä, että funktion parametri on vääränlainen. Esimerkiksi kutsu <code class=\"language-text\">float(\"1,23\")</code> tuottaa tämän poikkeuksen, koska Pythonissa desimaalierottimen tulee olla piste eikä pilkku.</p><p><strong>TypeError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, kun arvo on väärän tyyppinen. Esimerkiksi kutsu <code class=\"language-text\">len(10)</code> saa aikaan tämän poikkeuksen, koska funktio <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> haluaa parametrin, jolle voidaan laskea pituus (kuten merkkijonon tai listan).</p><p><strong>IndexError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, jos yritetään viitata indeksiin, jota ei ole olemassa. Esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">\"abc\"[5]</code> aiheuttaa tämän poikkeuksen, koska merkkijonossa ei ole indeksiä 5.</p><p><strong>ZeroDivisionError</strong></p><p>Tämä poikkeus tapahtuu, jos yritetään jakaa nollalla. Yksi esimerkki on tilanne, jossa yritetään laskea listan arvojen keskiarvo kaavalla <code class=\"language-text\">sum(lista) / len(lista)</code>, mutta listan pituus on nolla.</p><p><strong>Tiedostojen poikkeukset</strong></p><p>Tiedostojen käsittelyssä voi tulla vastaan esimerkiksi poikkeukset <strong>FileNotFoundError</strong> (koetetaan lukea tiedostoa, jota ei ole olemassa), <strong>io.UnsupportedOperation</strong> (tiedosto on avattu tilassa, joka ei salli operaatiota) tai <strong>PermissionError</strong> (ohjelmalla ei ole oikeutta käsitellä tiedostoa).</p><h2 id=\"useamman-poikkeuksen-kasittely\" style=\"position:relative;\">Useamman poikkeuksen käsittely<a href=\"#useamman-poikkeuksen-kasittely\" aria-label=\"useamman poikkeuksen kasittely permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Yhtä <code class=\"language-text\">try</code>-lohkoa kohti voi olla useampia <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseita. Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa varaudutaan sekä poikkeukseen <code class=\"language-text\">FileNotFoundException</code> että <code class=\"language-text\">PermissionError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> FileNotFoundError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiedostoa esimerkki.txt ei löytynyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span> PermissionError<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei oikeutta avata tiedostoa esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Aina ei ole tarpeen eritellä tapahtuneita virheitä. Esimerkiksi juuri tiedostoa avatessa saattaa riittää, että tiedetään virheen tapahtuneen, muttei ole niin tärkeää tietää, miksi virhe tapahtui. Kaikki mahdolliset virheet voi käsitellä käyttämällä <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lausetta määrittelemättä poikkeuksen tyyppiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tapahtui virhe tiedoston lukemisessa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että tällaisessa tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lause käsittelee kaikki mahdolliset virheet, myös ohjelmoijan tekemät virheet lukuun ottamatta syntaksivirheitä, jotka estävät ohjelman suorittamisen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma heittää aina poikkeuksen, koska muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">tiedosto</code> nimi on kirjoitettu toisessa kohdassa väärin <code class=\"language-text\">tiedotso</code>.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"esimerkki.txt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tiedotso<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tapahtui virhe tiedoston lukemisessa.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä näkee, että <code class=\"language-text\">except</code> voi peittää varsinaisen virheen: tässä tapauksessa virheen syynä ei ole tiedoston käsittely vaan väärin kirjoitettu muuttuja.</p><h2 id=\"poikkeusten-valittyminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeusten välittyminen<a href=\"#poikkeusten-valittyminen\" aria-label=\"poikkeusten valittyminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos funktion sisällä tapahtuu poikkeus, jota ei käsitellä, poikkeus välitetään funktion kutsujalle. Tätä jatketaan, kunnes ollaan pääohjelman tasolla. Jos poikkeusta ei tässäkään käsitellä sopivalla <code class=\"language-text\">except</code>-lauseella, ohjelman suoritus katkeaa ja poikkeus yleensä tulostetaan ruudulle.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> tapahtuva poikkeus käsitellään vasta pääohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    testi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jotain meni pieleen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna luku: <strong>kolme</strong>\nJotain meni pieleen</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"poikkeusten-tuottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Poikkeusten tuottaminen<a href=\"#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\" aria-label=\"poikkeusten tuottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme myös tarvittaessa tuottaa poikkeuksen itse komennolla <code class=\"language-text\">raise</code>. Vaikka virheiden tuottaminen varta vasten voi aluksi tuntua oudolta ajatukselta, mekanismi on itse asiassa hyvinkin hyödyllinen.</p><p>Esimerkiksi jos teemme funktion, jolle annetaan virheellinen parametri, voimme ilmaista tämän poikkeuksen avulla. Tämä voi olla parempi tapa kuin esimerkiksi palauttaa jokin virhearvo tai tulostaa viesti ruudulle, koska funktion käyttäjä ei välttämättä huomaisi asiaa.</p><p>Seuraavassa esimerkissä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">kertoma</code> laskee parametrina annetun luvun kertoman (esimerkiksi luvun 5 kertoma on 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5). Kuitenkin jos annettu luku on negatiivinen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kertoma</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Negatiivinen syöte: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    k <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> n <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        k <span class=\"token operator\">*=</span> i\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> k\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kertoma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>6\n720\nTraceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"testi.py\", line 11, in <module>\nprint(kertoma(-1))\nFile \"testi.py\", line 3, in kertoma\nraise ValueError(\"Negatiivinen syöte: \" + str(n))\nValueError: Negatiivinen syöte: -1</div></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Parametrien validointi ' tmcname='osa06-18_parametrien_validointi'><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_henkilo(nimi: str, ika: int)</code>, joka luo ja palauttaa uuden henkilö-tuplen. Tuplessa ensimmäinen alkio on nimi ja jälkimmäinen ikä.</p><p>Jos funktion parametrit ovat virheelliset, sen tulee tuplen palauttamisen sijasta tuottaa <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>-poikkeus.</p><p>Virheellisiä parametreja tässä tapauksessa ovat:</p><ul>\n<li>nimi on tyhjä merkkijono</li>\n<li>nimi ei koostu vähintään kahdesta sanasta</li>\n<li>nimen pituus on yli 40 merkkiä</li>\n<li>ikä on negatiivinen luku</li>\n<li>ikä on suurempi kuin 150</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Virheelliset lottonumerot' tmcname='osa06-19_virheelliset_lottonumerot'><p>Tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">lottonumerot.csv</code> on tallennettu lottonumeroita seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 1;5,7,11,13,23,24,30\nviikko 2;9,13,14,24,34,35,37\n...jne...</p></sample-data><p>Aluksi pitäisi olla siis otsikko <code class=\"language-text\">viikko x</code>, ja sen jälkeen seitsemän numeroa väliltä 1...39.</p><p>Tiedosto on kuitenkin osittain korruptoitunut. Seuraavat rivit ovat esimerkkejä virheellisistä riveistä (huomaa, että tehtäväpohjassa olevassa tiedostossa ei ole juuri näitä virheitä):</p><p>Viikkonumero pielessä:</p><sample-data><p>viikko zzc;1,5,13,22,24,25,26</p></sample-data><p>Numero tai numeroita pielessä:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 22;1,**,5,6,13,2b,34</p></sample-data><p>Liian vähän numeroita:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 13;4,6,17,19,24,33</p></sample-data><p>Liian pieniä tai suuria numeroita:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 39;5,9,15,35,39,41,105</p></sample-data><p>Rivissä esiintyy sama numero kahdesti:</p><sample-data><p>viikko 41;5,12,3,35,12,14,36</p></sample-data><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suodata_virheelliset()</code>, joka luo tiedoston <code class=\"language-text\">korjatut_numerot.csv</code>. Tiedostoon on kopioitu kelvolliset rivit alkuperäisestä tiedostosta.</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"bbc6d86e-5d2e-5614-b71f-f92532ae48e7\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/3-virheet","title":"Virhetilanteisiin varautuminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/3-virheet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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vaikuttaa sen käyttöön</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonissa tekee avainsana <code class=\"language-text\">global</code></li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää paikallisia ja globaaleja muuttujia oikein</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Muuttujan <em>näkyvyysalue</em> (<em>scope</em>) tarkoittaa, missä ohjelman osissa muuttujaa voi käyttää. <em>Paikallinen</em> muuttuja on muuttuja, joka on näkyvissä vain tietyn rajatun alueen sisällä ohjelmassa. <em>Globaali</em> muuttuja on puolestaan käytettävissä missä tahansa ohjelman osassa.</p><h2 id=\"paikalliset-muuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Paikalliset muuttujat<a href=\"#paikalliset-muuttujat\" aria-label=\"paikalliset muuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa funktion sisällä määritellyt muuttujat ovat funktion paikallisia muuttujia. Tämä koskee sekä parametreja että funktion lohkon sisällä esiteltyjä muuttujia. Paikallisuus tarkoittaa, että muuttuja <em>ei ole olemassa funktion ulkopuolella</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa yritys viitata muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> pääohjelmassa antaa virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\nNameError: name 'x' is not defined</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> on siis olemassa vain funktion <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> suorituksen ajan eikä siihen pääse käsiksi muista funktioista tai pääohjelmasta.</p><h2 id=\"globaalit-muuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Globaalit muuttujat<a href=\"#globaalit-muuttujat\" aria-label=\"globaalit muuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pääohjelmassa eli kaikkien funktioiden ulkopuolella määritellyt muuttujat ovat globaaleja muuttujia. Globaalin muuttujan arvo voidaan lukea funktiossa. Esimerkiksi seuraava toimii:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output><p>Kuitenkaan globaalia muuttujaa ei voi muuttaa suoraan. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio <em>ei vaikuta</em> globaaliin muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa funktio <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> luo paikallisen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, joka saa arvon 5. Tämä on kuitenkin eri muuttuja kuin pääohjelmassa oleva muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>.</p><p>Entä miten toimii seuraava koodi?</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment</p></sample-output><p>Funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> annetaan arvo muuttujalle <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, jolloin Python päättelee, että <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> on funktion paikallinen muuttuja (eikä globaali muuttuja). Koska muuttujaan yritetään viitata ennen arvon asettamista, tapahtuu virhe.</p><p>Jos kuitenkin haluamme muuttaa funktiossa globaalia muuttujaa, tämä onnistuu avainsanan <code class=\"language-text\">global</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> x\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n3</p></sample-output><p>Nyt funktiossa tehty muutos <code class=\"language-text\">x = 3</code> vaikuttaa myös pääohjelmaan, eli kaikissa ohjelman kohdissa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> viittaa samaan muuttujaan.</p><h2 id=\"milloin-kayttaa-globaalia-muuttujaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Milloin käyttää globaalia muuttujaa?<a href=\"#milloin-kayttaa-globaalia-muuttujaa\" aria-label=\"milloin kayttaa globaalia muuttujaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Globaalien muuttujien tarkoituksena ei ole korvata funktion parametreja tai paluuarvoa. Esimerkiksi on sinänsä mahdollista tehdä seuraava funktio, joka tallentaa laskun tuloksen globaaliin muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> tulos\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\nlaske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Parempi tapa on kuitenkin toteuttaa funktio kuten ennenkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jälkimmäisen tavan etuna on, että funktio on <em>itsenäinen</em> kokonaisuus, jolle annetaan tietyt parametrit ja joka palauttaa tietyn tuloksen. Funktiolla ei ole sivuvaikutuksia, minkä ansiosta sitä voi testata muusta koodista riippumattomasti.</p><p>Kuitenkin globaali muuttuja voi olla hyödyllinen, jos halutaan pitää yllä jotain funktioille yhteistä \"ylemmän tason\" tietoa. Tässä on yksi esimerkki asiasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> laskuri\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_erotus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> laskuri\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> b\n\n\nlaskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Funktioita kutsuttiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kertaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n5\n10\n3\n1\nFunktioita kutsuttiin 4 kertaa</sample-output><p>Tässä haluamme pitää ohjelman suorituksen aikana kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa funktioita on kutsuttu ohjelman eri kohdista. Nyt globaali muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">laskuri</code> on kätevä, koska voimme kasvattaa sen arvoa jokaisella funktion kutsukerralla ja katsoa globaalista muuttujasta, montako kertaa funktiota on kutsuttu.</p><h2 id=\"tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen-revisited\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon välittäminen funktiosta toiseen revisited<a href=\"#tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen-revisited\" aria-label=\"tiedon valittaminen funktiosta toiseen revisited permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelma koostuu useista funktioista, nousee esiin kysymys miten tietoa siirretään funktiosta toiseen.</p><p>Seuraavassa on jo pari osaa sitten nähty esimerkki ohjelmasta, joka lukee käyttäjältä joukon kokonaislukuarvoja. Sen jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa arvot ja tekee niille vielä \"analyysin\". Ohjelma on jaettu kolmeen erilliseen funktioon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maara\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskikarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, pienin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktioita käyttävä  \"pääohjelma\"</span>\nsyotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nanalyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus</p><sample-output><p>syötä 5 lukua:\nanna luku: <strong>10</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>34</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>-32</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>99</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>-53</strong>\nluvut ovat:\n10\n34\n-32\n99\n-53\nlukuja yhteensä 5, keskikarvo 11.6, pienin- 53 ja suurin 99</p></sample-output><p>Perusperiaatteena ohjelmassa on se, että pääohjelma \"tallettaa\" ohjelman käsittelemän tiedon, eli tässä tapauksessa käyttäjän syöttämät luvut muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>.</p><p>Jos lukuja on tarve käsitellä jossain funktiossa, ne välitetään sinne parametrina. Näin tapahtuu funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.\nJos taas funktio tuottaa tietoa, jota muut ohjelman osat tarvitsevat, palauttaa funktio datan returnilla. Näin tekevät käyttäjän syötteen lukeva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kayttajalta</code> sekä analyysin tekevä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.</p><p>Olisi periaatteessa mahdollista, että funktiot käyttäisivät avainsanaa <code class=\"language-text\">global</code> hyväksikäyttäen suoraan \"pääohjelman\" globaalia muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>. Se <a href=\"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/148108/why-is-global-state-so-evil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ei kuitenkaan ole ollenkaan järkevää</a>, sillä jos usea funktio pääsee sorkkimaan globaalia muuttujaa, voi ohjelmassa alkaa tapahtua jotain hallitsematonta, varsinkin kun funktioiden määrä kasvaa.</p><p>Tiedon välitys funktioihin ja niistä ulos on siis järkevintä hoitaa parametrien ja paluuarvojen avulla.</p><p>Jos haluaisimme tehdä edellisen esimerkin ohjelman siten, että sen \"pääohjelma\" eriytettäisiin omaan funktioon <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, siirrettäisiin ohjelman käsittelemä data pääohjelmaa edustavan funktion sisäiseksi muuttujaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maara\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> keskikarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> pienin</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pääohjelmaa edustava funktio</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    analyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ohjelman käynnistys</span>\nmain<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div><quiz id=\"1a4f83c9-bf41-50b5-97cc-3c360c104918\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"38bfba91-2ce2-5c43-9f6c-74788096ed6d\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-6/4-paikalliset-muuttujat","title":"Paikalliset ja globaalit muuttujat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-6/4-muuttujien-nakyvyys.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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käynnistys"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nmain"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"1a4f83c9-bf41-50b5-97cc-3c360c104918"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"38bfba91-2ce2-5c43-9f6c-74788096ed6d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät mitä tarkoitetaan paikallisella muuttujalla</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten muuttujan näkyvyysalue vaikuttaa sen käyttöön</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonissa tekee avainsana <code class=\"language-text\">global</code></li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää paikallisia ja globaaleja muuttujia oikein</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Muuttujan <em>näkyvyysalue</em> (<em>scope</em>) tarkoittaa, missä ohjelman osissa muuttujaa voi käyttää. <em>Paikallinen</em> muuttuja on muuttuja, joka on näkyvissä vain tietyn rajatun alueen sisällä ohjelmassa. <em>Globaali</em> muuttuja on puolestaan käytettävissä missä tahansa ohjelman osassa.</p><h2 id=\"paikalliset-muuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Paikalliset muuttujat<a href=\"#paikalliset-muuttujat\" aria-label=\"paikalliset muuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa funktion sisällä määritellyt muuttujat ovat funktion paikallisia muuttujia. Tämä koskee sekä parametreja että funktion lohkon sisällä esiteltyjä muuttujia. Paikallisuus tarkoittaa, että muuttuja <em>ei ole olemassa funktion ulkopuolella</em>.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraavassa ohjelmassa yritys viitata muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> pääohjelmassa antaa virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\nNameError: name 'x' is not defined</p></sample-output><p>Ohjelmassa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> on siis olemassa vain funktion <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> suorituksen ajan eikä siihen pääse käsiksi muista funktioista tai pääohjelmasta.</p><h2 id=\"globaalit-muuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Globaalit muuttujat<a href=\"#globaalit-muuttujat\" aria-label=\"globaalit muuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pääohjelmassa eli kaikkien funktioiden ulkopuolella määritellyt muuttujat ovat globaaleja muuttujia. Globaalin muuttujan arvo voidaan lukea funktiossa. Esimerkiksi seuraava toimii:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3</p></sample-output><p>Kuitenkaan globaalia muuttujaa ei voi muuttaa suoraan. Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio <em>ei vaikuta</em> globaaliin muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output><p>Tässä tapauksessa funktio <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> luo paikallisen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, joka saa arvon 5. Tämä on kuitenkin eri muuttuja kuin pääohjelmassa oleva muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>.</p><p>Entä miten toimii seuraava koodi?</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment</p></sample-output><p>Funktiossa <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code> annetaan arvo muuttujalle <code class=\"language-text\">x</code>, jolloin Python päättelee, että <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> on funktion paikallinen muuttuja (eikä globaali muuttuja). Koska muuttujaan yritetään viitata ennen arvon asettamista, tapahtuu virhe.</p><p>Jos kuitenkin haluamme muuttaa funktiossa globaalia muuttujaa, tämä onnistuu avainsanan <code class=\"language-text\">global</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> x\n    x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span>\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\n3</p></sample-output><p>Nyt funktiossa tehty muutos <code class=\"language-text\">x = 3</code> vaikuttaa myös pääohjelmaan, eli kaikissa ohjelman kohdissa <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> viittaa samaan muuttujaan.</p><h2 id=\"milloin-kayttaa-globaalia-muuttujaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Milloin käyttää globaalia muuttujaa?<a href=\"#milloin-kayttaa-globaalia-muuttujaa\" aria-label=\"milloin kayttaa globaalia muuttujaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Globaalien muuttujien tarkoituksena ei ole korvata funktion parametreja tai paluuarvoa. Esimerkiksi on sinänsä mahdollista tehdä seuraava funktio, joka tallentaa laskun tuloksen globaaliin muuttujaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> tulos\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\nlaske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Parempi tapa on kuitenkin toteuttaa funktio kuten ennenkin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jälkimmäisen tavan etuna on, että funktio on <em>itsenäinen</em> kokonaisuus, jolle annetaan tietyt parametrit ja joka palauttaa tietyn tuloksen. Funktiolla ei ole sivuvaikutuksia, minkä ansiosta sitä voi testata muusta koodista riippumattomasti.</p><p>Kuitenkin globaali muuttuja voi olla hyödyllinen, jos halutaan pitää yllä jotain funktioille yhteistä \"ylemmän tason\" tietoa. Tässä on yksi esimerkki asiasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_summa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> laskuri\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> b\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laske_erotus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>a<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> b<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">global</span> laskuri\n    laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> a <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> b\n\n\nlaskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>laske_summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Funktioita kutsuttiin\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> laskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kertaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n5\n10\n3\n1\nFunktioita kutsuttiin 4 kertaa</sample-output><p>Tässä haluamme pitää ohjelman suorituksen aikana kirjaa siitä, montako kertaa funktioita on kutsuttu ohjelman eri kohdista. Nyt globaali muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">laskuri</code> on kätevä, koska voimme kasvattaa sen arvoa jokaisella funktion kutsukerralla ja katsoa globaalista muuttujasta, montako kertaa funktiota on kutsuttu.</p><h2 id=\"tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen-revisited\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tiedon välittäminen funktiosta toiseen revisited<a href=\"#tiedon-valittaminen-funktiosta-toiseen-revisited\" aria-label=\"tiedon valittaminen funktiosta toiseen revisited permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos ohjelma koostuu useista funktioista, nousee esiin kysymys miten tietoa siirretään funktiosta toiseen.</p><p>Seuraavassa on jo pari osaa sitten nähty esimerkki ohjelmasta, joka lukee käyttäjältä joukon kokonaislukuarvoja. Sen jälkeen ohjelma tulostaa arvot ja tekee niille vielä \"analyysin\". Ohjelma on jaettu kolmeen erilliseen funktioon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maara\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, keskikarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, pienin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktioita käyttävä  \"pääohjelma\"</span>\nsyotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nanalyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>analyysin_tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Esimerkkisuoritus</p><sample-output><p>syötä 5 lukua:\nanna luku: <strong>10</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>34</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>-32</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>99</strong>\nanna luku: <strong>-53</strong>\nluvut ovat:\n10\n34\n-32\n99\n-53\nlukuja yhteensä 5, keskikarvo 11.6, pienin- 53 ja suurin 99</p></sample-output><p>Perusperiaatteena ohjelmassa on se, että pääohjelma \"tallettaa\" ohjelman käsittelemän tiedon, eli tässä tapauksessa käyttäjän syöttämät luvut muuttujassa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>.</p><p>Jos lukuja on tarve käsitellä jossain funktiossa, ne välitetään sinne parametrina. Näin tapahtuu funktioissa <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.\nJos taas funktio tuottaa tietoa, jota muut ohjelman osat tarvitsevat, palauttaa funktio datan returnilla. Näin tekevät käyttäjän syötteen lukeva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lue_kayttajalta</code> sekä analyysin tekevä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">analysoi</code>.</p><p>Olisi periaatteessa mahdollista, että funktiot käyttäisivät avainsanaa <code class=\"language-text\">global</code> hyväksikäyttäen suoraan \"pääohjelman\" globaalia muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">syotteet</code>. Se <a href=\"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/148108/why-is-global-state-so-evil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ei kuitenkaan ole ollenkaan järkevää</a>, sillä jos usea funktio pääsee sorkkimaan globaalia muuttujaa, voi ohjelmassa alkaa tapahtua jotain hallitsematonta, varsinkin kun funktioiden määrä kasvaa.</p><p>Tiedon välitys funktioihin ja niistä ulos on siis järkevintä hoitaa parametrien ja paluuarvojen avulla.</p><p>Jos haluaisimme tehdä edellisen esimerkin ohjelman siten, että sen \"pääohjelma\" eriytettäisiin omaan funktioon <code class=\"language-text\">main</code>, siirrettäisiin ohjelman käsittelemä data pääohjelmaa edustavan funktion sisäiseksi muuttujaksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lue_kayttajalta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"syötä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> lukua:\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    i <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maara\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> i<span class=\"token operator\">></span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        luku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"anna luku: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        i <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> luvut\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"luvut ovat: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> luku <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">analysoi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    ka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"lukuja yhteensä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> keskikarvo </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>ka<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> pienin</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">min</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ja suurin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token builtin\">max</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pääohjelmaa edustava funktio</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">main</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    syotteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lue_kayttajalta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    analyysin_tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> analysoi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syotteet<span class=\"token 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Esimerkiksi moduulin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"math"}]},{"type":"text","value":" dokumentaatio on tässä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voimme myös tutkia funktion "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dir"}]},{"type":"text","value":" avulla moduulin sisältöä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":" math\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","builtin"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dir"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"math"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio antaa listan nimistä, jotka moduuli määrittelee:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"['__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Erikoismerkit","tmcname":"osa07-02_erikoismerkit"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Moduulissa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"string"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on merkkijonovakioita, jotka määrittelevät tiettyjä merkkiryhmiä (esim. pienet kirjaimet ja välimerkit). 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Visual Studio Coden <a href=\"/osa-4/1-vscode#debuggeri\">debuggeriakin</a> monet ovat jo kokeilleet. Debuggerilla voi olla vaikeuksia selvitä tiedostoja käsittelevästä koodista, mutta siihenkin on olemassa <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\">lääke</a>.</p><p>Pythonin versio 3.7 tarjoaa vielä yhden erittäin helppokäyttöisen tavan debuggaukseen, komennon <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=breakpoint#breakpoint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breakpoint()</a>.</p><p>Voit lisätä komennon mihin kohtaan tahansa ohjelmaasi, ja kun suoritat ohjelman, pysähtyy suoritus komennon kohdalle. Seuraavassa esimerkki viime viikon tehtävän debuggaamisesta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a0b58/7_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/bc10c/7_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/966d8/7_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/445df/7_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/78de1/7_1_1.webp 1840w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a02b9/7_1_1.webp 1852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/81c8e/7_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/08a84/7_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/b1001/7_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/161ec/7_1_1.png 1840w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png 1852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png\" alt=\"7 1 1\" title=\"7 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kun koodi pysähtyy breakpoint()-komentoon, avautuu samalla konsolinäkymä, johon on mahdollista kirjoittaa mitä tahansa koodia ja kokeilla miten se toimisi ohjelman kyseisessä kohdassa.</p><p>Komento on erityisen kätevä jos ohjelmasi jokin rivi aiheuttaa virheen, etkä ole ihan varma mistä virhe johtuu. Näissä tilanteissa kannattaa laittaa breakpoint-kutsu juuri ennen virheellistä riviä. Sen jälkeen on debuggerin konsolissa helppo kokeilla, mikä olisi oikea komento juuri siinä kohtaa suoritettavaksi.</p><p>Koodin suoritusta on myös mahdollista jatkaa pysähtymisen jälkeen. Esimerkiksi konsoliin annettu komento <em>continue</em> tai sen lyhennetty versio <em>c</em> jatkaa suoritusta seuraavaan breakpointiin asti. Seuraavassa esimerkki siitä, kun silmukkaa käydään läpi muutamaan kertaan:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c7bb6/7_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 44.78260869565218%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA/ElEQVQoz42R22rDMAyG8xi7iGMpPqSuHZ8SzErrOlfd5WDQ93+VkXjLOhij34XQjyX9Qm5Yz0ajvbdqQwhBCOmeo0HEcTQ5X1JKgNB1HX2Cn2ajjyFGY91BKQDo/nImhLRtSzaqXJsB4IW2HVCOPWMMEevgfXwFEesrAFBKa2y0MXeV3qSfD5r1TAixmn+z12mt53k2xiilOOdCCERscs63S5l8GIN3zllr/cY0TSGEYRiklMMG5/xRCiGavJSP07IM9ojbWr+p54EHdrmufTqf7+X2/lpKSLPz1rnqHGP03u9WSqk9VqSUTbmWmGZ+GGiPgFANAb6S///5E+mjTgE+v0lMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/a0b58/7_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/bc10c/7_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/966d8/7_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/445df/7_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/78de1/7_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/ca269/7_1_2.webp 1986w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/81c8e/7_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/08a84/7_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c0255/7_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/b1001/7_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/161ec/7_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c7bb6/7_1_2.png 1986w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c0255/7_1_2.png\" alt=\"7 1 2\" title=\"7 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Muut debuggerikonsolin komennot selviävät <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html#debugger-commands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">täältä</a> tai antamalla debuggerkonsolissa komento <em>help</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/ca98b/7_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.608695652173914%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA5klEQVQoz4WPy07EMAxF+yF9pHnHTds4cVxpkNixYc3/fwuiURGgmeGsbEvH9u0WAAeg12XD5IIHAKnUdA9mJqJ1XUMIWmtrbXe83N7L7cMSCWuGqR+G8WI4+W7FSVvUJl2p9TXXt8S07nlPAUIT+r6fpmme50e7vuSM6BfYqRDzlvaUUjjx3m/bBgB/hF8yIjJzrRURY4zNPI4DEUspWutnMhGllBDRe99eHcexBZNSCiHGx3S11pxzjFEpNV807Wfg+zIz55yttVJKY4w+McYopZxz/1xupnMOAJxz/qLVQognmT8B8I9MXlB9in4AAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/a0b58/7_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/bc10c/7_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/966d8/7_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/445df/7_1_3.webp 1380w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/78de1/7_1_3.webp 1840w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/28038/7_1_3.webp 1968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/81c8e/7_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/08a84/7_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/c0255/7_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/b1001/7_1_3.png 1380w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/161ec/7_1_3.png 1840w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/ca98b/7_1_3.png 1968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/c0255/7_1_3.png\" alt=\"7 1 3\" title=\"7 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komento <em>exit</em> siis lopettaa ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Kun lopetat debuggaamisen, muista poistaa koodista komento <code class=\"language-text\">breakpoint()</code>!</p><h2 id=\"moduulin-kayttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin käyttäminen<a href=\"#moduulin-kayttaminen\" aria-label=\"moduulin kayttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python-kieli sisältää itsessään joukon valmiita funktioita, esimerkiksi merkkijonojen ja listojen pituuden kertovan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> sekä alkioiden summan laskevan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">sum</code>. Python-kielen <em>standardikirjasto</em> on kokoelma monenlaisia hyödyllisiä funktioita ja olioita joiden avulla kielen \"ilmaisuvoimaa\" on helppo laajentaa. Olemme jo käyttäneet muutamassa tehtävässä standardikirjastosta eräitä matemaattisia operaatioita tarjoavia funktioita esim. neliöjuurten laskemisessa.</p><p>Standardikirjasto muodostuu <em>moduuleista</em>, joihin on ryhmitelty eri aiheisiin liittyviä funktioita ja luokkia. Tutustumme tässä osassa joihinkin hyödyllisiin moduuleihin ja opimme myös tekemään moduulin itse.</p><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">import</code> ottaa käyttöön halutun moduulin. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä moduulia <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>, jossa on matemaattisia funktioita. Seuraava koodi laskee luvun neliöjuuren funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code> ja logaritmin funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">log</code></p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luvun 5 neliöjuuri</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luvun 8 logaritmi (2-kantainen)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2.23606797749979\n3.0</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktiot ovat moduulissa <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>, niihin viitataan koodissa nimillä <code class=\"language-text\">math.sqrt</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">math.log</code>.</p><h2 id=\"moduulin-osien-valinta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin osien valinta<a href=\"#moduulin-osien-valinta\" aria-label=\"moduulin osien valinta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toinen tapa käyttää moduulia on valita sieltä mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">from</code>-komennolla tiettyjä osia, joita haluamme käyttää. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ottaa käyttöön funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">log</code> moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> log\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän tavan etuna on, että voimme käyttää funktioita suoraan ilman <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-etuliitettä.</p><p>Voimme myös ottaa suoraan käytettäväksi <em>kaiken</em> moduulin sisällön tähden avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tapa voi olla kätevä testailussa ja pienissä ohjelmissa, mutta siinä on omat ongelmansa, kuten näemme myöhemmin.</p><programming-exercise name='Hypotenuusa' tmcname='osa07-01_hypotenuusa'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hypotenuusa(kateetti1: float, kateetti2: float)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen suorakulmaisen kolmion kateettien pituudet. Funktio palauttaa kolmion hypotenuusan pituuden.</p><p>Ratkaisu lasketaan <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoraan_lause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pythagoraan</a> lauseen avulla. Saat laskettua neliöjuuren <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-moduulin funktion avulla.</p><p>Esimerkkejä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 5.0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 13.0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 1.4142135623730951</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"moduulin-sisalto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin sisältö<a href=\"#moduulin-sisalto\" aria-label=\"moduulin sisalto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin dokumentaatio kertoo jokaisesta standardikirjaston moduulista, mitä moduuli sisältää ja kuinka sitä käytetään. Esimerkiksi moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">math</code> dokumentaatio on tässä:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html</a></li>\n</ul><p>Voimme myös tutkia funktion <code class=\"language-text\">dir</code> avulla moduulin sisältöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio antaa listan nimistä, jotka moduuli määrittelee:</p><sample-output><p>['__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Erikoismerkit' tmcname='osa07-02_erikoismerkit'><p>Moduulissa <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">string</a> on merkkijonovakioita, jotka määrittelevät tiettyjä merkkiryhmiä (esim. pienet kirjaimet ja välimerkit). Tutustu näihin vakioihin ja kirjoita niitä käyttäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jaa_merkkeihin(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, jossa parametrina saadun merkkijonon merkit on jaettu kolmeen eri merkkijonoon:</p><ul>\n<li>Ensimmäisessä jonossa on kaikki pienet ja suuret englanninkieliset kirjaimet (vakio <code class=\"language-text\">ascii_letters</code>)</li>\n<li>Toisessa jonossa on kaikki vakiossa <code class=\"language-text\">punctuation</code> määritellyt välimerkit</li>\n<li>Kolmannessa jonossa on kaikki merkit (mukaan lukien esim. välilyönnit), jotka eivät kuulu kahteen edelliseen ryhmään</li>\n</ul><p>Merkit tulee tallentaa palautettuihin merkkijonoihin siinä järjestyksessä kuin ne esiintyvät alkuperäisessä merkkijonossa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> jaa_merkkeihin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi!!! Toimiiko, mitä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TmontestiToimiikomit\n!!!,?\nää    ä</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Murtoluvuilla laskeminen' tmcname='osa07-03_murtoluvuilla_laskeminen'><p>Tutustu Pythonin moduuliin <code class=\"language-text\">fractions</code> ja toteuta sen avulla funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jaa_palasiksi(maara: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen palasten määrän. Funktio jakaa luvun 1 parametrin mukaisesti yhtä suuriin murtolukupalasiin ja palauttaa nämä palaset listassa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> p <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jaa_palasiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jaa_palasiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1/3\n1/3\n1/3</p><p>[Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5)]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"2ae7a041-d84f-5a17-9d1a-d1f8cf68f5d0\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/1-moduulit","title":"Moduulit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/1-moduulit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Visualisaattori"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on jo monille tuttu ja vanha kunnon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja#debuggaaminen"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"debuggaustulostus"}]},{"type":"text","value":" toimii aina. Visual Studio Coden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-4/1-vscode#debuggeri"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"debuggeriakin"}]},{"type":"text","value":" monet ovat jo kokeilleet. Debuggerilla voi olla vaikeuksia selvitä tiedostoja käsittelevästä koodista, mutta siihenkin on olemassa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lääke"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonin versio 3.7 tarjoaa vielä yhden erittäin helppokäyttöisen tavan debuggaukseen, komennon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=breakpoint#breakpoint","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"breakpoint()"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit lisätä komennon mihin kohtaan tahansa ohjelmaasi, ja kun suoritat ohjelman, pysähtyy suoritus komennon kohdalle. Seuraavassa esimerkki viime viikon tehtävän debuggaamisesta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-wrapper"],"style":"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n      "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-link"],"href":"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png","style":"display: block","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-background-image"],"style":"padding-bottom: 62.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "},{"type":"element","tagName":"picture","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a0b58/7_1_1.webp 230w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/bc10c/7_1_1.webp 460w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/966d8/7_1_1.webp 920w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/445df/7_1_1.webp 1380w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/78de1/7_1_1.webp 1840w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a02b9/7_1_1.webp 1852w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/webp"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"source","properties":{"srcSet":["/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/81c8e/7_1_1.png 230w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/08a84/7_1_1.png 460w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png 920w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/b1001/7_1_1.png 1380w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/161ec/7_1_1.png 1840w","/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png 1852w"],"sizes":"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px","type":"image/png"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n          "},{"type":"element","tagName":"img","properties":{"className":["gatsby-resp-image-image"],"src":"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png","alt":"7 1 1","title":"7 1 1","loading":"lazy","decoding":"async","style":"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;"},"children":[]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n  "}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kun koodi pysähtyy breakpoint()-komentoon, avautuu samalla konsolinäkymä, johon on mahdollista kirjoittaa mitä tahansa koodia ja kokeilla miten se toimisi ohjelman kyseisessä kohdassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Komento on erityisen kätevä jos ohjelmasi jokin rivi aiheuttaa virheen, etkä ole ihan varma mistä virhe johtuu. Näissä tilanteissa kannattaa laittaa breakpoint-kutsu juuri ennen virheellistä riviä. Sen jälkeen on debuggerin konsolissa helppo kokeilla, mikä olisi oikea komento juuri siinä kohtaa suoritettavaksi."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Koodin suoritusta on myös mahdollista jatkaa pysähtymisen jälkeen. Esimerkiksi konsoliin annettu komento "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"continue"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tai sen lyhennetty versio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"c"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jatkaa suoritusta seuraavaan breakpointiin asti. 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Python-kielen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"standardikirjasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":" on kokoelma monenlaisia hyödyllisiä funktioita ja olioita joiden avulla kielen \"ilmaisuvoimaa\" on helppo laajentaa. Olemme jo käyttäneet muutamassa tehtävässä standardikirjastosta eräitä matemaattisia operaatioita tarjoavia funktioita esim. neliöjuurten laskemisessa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Standardikirjasto muodostuu "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"moduuleista"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joihin on ryhmitelty eri aiheisiin liittyviä funktioita ja luokkia. 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Seuraava koodi laskee luvun neliöjuuren funktiolla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja logaritmin funktiolla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"log"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":" math\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# luvun 5 neliöjuuri"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"math"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"sqrt"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# luvun 8 logaritmi (2-kantainen)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"math"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"log"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"8"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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Funktio jakaa luvun 1 parametrin mukaisesti yhtä suuriin murtolukupalasiin ja palauttaa nämä palaset listassa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" p "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" jaa_palasiksi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"p"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"jaa_palasiksi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1/3\n1/3\n1/3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"[Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5)]"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"2ae7a041-d84f-5a17-9d1a-d1f8cf68f5d0"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mikä on moduuli</li>\n<li>Osaat ottaa käyttöön moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten moduulin sisällöstä voi etsiä tietoa</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"debugging-revisited\" style=\"position:relative;\">Debugging revisited<a href=\"#debugging-revisited\" aria-label=\"debugging revisited permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kurssilla on jo moneen otteeseen puhuttu erilaisista debuggausmenetelmistä. <a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visualisaattori</a> on jo monille tuttu ja vanha kunnon <a href=\"osa-2/1-ohjelmoinnin-termeja#debuggaaminen\">debuggaustulostus</a> toimii aina. Visual Studio Coden <a href=\"/osa-4/1-vscode#debuggeri\">debuggeriakin</a> monet ovat jo kokeilleet. Debuggerilla voi olla vaikeuksia selvitä tiedostoja käsittelevästä koodista, mutta siihenkin on olemassa <a href=\"/osa-6/1-tiedostojen-lukeminen#tiedostoja-lukevan-koodin-debuggaus\">lääke</a>.</p><p>Pythonin versio 3.7 tarjoaa vielä yhden erittäin helppokäyttöisen tavan debuggaukseen, komennon <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=breakpoint#breakpoint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breakpoint()</a>.</p><p>Voit lisätä komennon mihin kohtaan tahansa ohjelmaasi, ja kun suoritat ohjelman, pysähtyy suoritus komennon kohdalle. Seuraavassa esimerkki viime viikon tehtävän debuggaamisesta:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 62.173913043478265%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a0b58/7_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/bc10c/7_1_1.webp 460w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/966d8/7_1_1.webp 920w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/445df/7_1_1.webp 1380w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/78de1/7_1_1.webp 1840w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/a02b9/7_1_1.webp 1852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/81c8e/7_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/08a84/7_1_1.png 460w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png 920w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/b1001/7_1_1.png 1380w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/161ec/7_1_1.png 1840w,\n/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/ec5f6/7_1_1.png 1852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/f9eb8b0c4a4f642d316973fc108cae86/c0255/7_1_1.png\" alt=\"7 1 1\" title=\"7 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Kun koodi pysähtyy breakpoint()-komentoon, avautuu samalla konsolinäkymä, johon on mahdollista kirjoittaa mitä tahansa koodia ja kokeilla miten se toimisi ohjelman kyseisessä kohdassa.</p><p>Komento on erityisen kätevä jos ohjelmasi jokin rivi aiheuttaa virheen, etkä ole ihan varma mistä virhe johtuu. Näissä tilanteissa kannattaa laittaa breakpoint-kutsu juuri ennen virheellistä riviä. Sen jälkeen on debuggerin konsolissa helppo kokeilla, mikä olisi oikea komento juuri siinä kohtaa suoritettavaksi.</p><p>Koodin suoritusta on myös mahdollista jatkaa pysähtymisen jälkeen. Esimerkiksi konsoliin annettu komento <em>continue</em> tai sen lyhennetty versio <em>c</em> jatkaa suoritusta seuraavaan breakpointiin asti. Seuraavassa esimerkki siitä, kun silmukkaa käydään läpi muutamaan kertaan:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c7bb6/7_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 44.78260869565218%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA/ElEQVQoz42R22rDMAyG8xi7iGMpPqSuHZ8SzErrOlfd5WDQ93+VkXjLOhij34XQjyX9Qm5Yz0ajvbdqQwhBCOmeo0HEcTQ5X1JKgNB1HX2Cn2ajjyFGY91BKQDo/nImhLRtSzaqXJsB4IW2HVCOPWMMEevgfXwFEesrAFBKa2y0MXeV3qSfD5r1TAixmn+z12mt53k2xiilOOdCCERscs63S5l8GIN3zllr/cY0TSGEYRiklMMG5/xRCiGavJSP07IM9ojbWr+p54EHdrmufTqf7+X2/lpKSLPz1rnqHGP03u9WSqk9VqSUTbmWmGZ+GGiPgFANAb6S///5E+mjTgE+v0lMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/a0b58/7_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/bc10c/7_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/966d8/7_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/445df/7_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/78de1/7_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/ca269/7_1_2.webp 1986w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/81c8e/7_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/08a84/7_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c0255/7_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/b1001/7_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/161ec/7_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c7bb6/7_1_2.png 1986w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/0ec6d7f1917313cc4582ecd977846154/c0255/7_1_2.png\" alt=\"7 1 2\" title=\"7 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Muut debuggerikonsolin komennot selviävät <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html#debugger-commands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">täältä</a> tai antamalla debuggerkonsolissa komento <em>help</em>:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/ca98b/7_1_3.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 42.608695652173914%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAJCAIAAAC9o5sfAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAA5klEQVQoz4WPy07EMAxF+yF9pHnHTds4cVxpkNixYc3/fwuiURGgmeGsbEvH9u0WAAeg12XD5IIHAKnUdA9mJqJ1XUMIWmtrbXe83N7L7cMSCWuGqR+G8WI4+W7FSVvUJl2p9TXXt8S07nlPAUIT+r6fpmme50e7vuSM6BfYqRDzlvaUUjjx3m/bBgB/hF8yIjJzrRURY4zNPI4DEUspWutnMhGllBDRe99eHcexBZNSCiHGx3S11pxzjFEpNV807Wfg+zIz55yttVJKY4w+McYopZxz/1xupnMOAJxz/qLVQognmT8B8I9MXlB9in4AAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/a0b58/7_1_3.webp 230w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/bc10c/7_1_3.webp 460w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/966d8/7_1_3.webp 920w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/445df/7_1_3.webp 1380w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/78de1/7_1_3.webp 1840w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/28038/7_1_3.webp 1968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/81c8e/7_1_3.png 230w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/08a84/7_1_3.png 460w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/c0255/7_1_3.png 920w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/b1001/7_1_3.png 1380w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/161ec/7_1_3.png 1840w,\n/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/ca98b/7_1_3.png 1968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/19fd7ec3fff52d6018519fac3d868e78/c0255/7_1_3.png\" alt=\"7 1 3\" title=\"7 1 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Komento <em>exit</em> siis lopettaa ohjelman suorituksen.</p><p>Kun lopetat debuggaamisen, muista poistaa koodista komento <code class=\"language-text\">breakpoint()</code>!</p><h2 id=\"moduulin-kayttaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin käyttäminen<a href=\"#moduulin-kayttaminen\" aria-label=\"moduulin kayttaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python-kieli sisältää itsessään joukon valmiita funktioita, esimerkiksi merkkijonojen ja listojen pituuden kertovan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">len</code> sekä alkioiden summan laskevan funktion <code class=\"language-text\">sum</code>. Python-kielen <em>standardikirjasto</em> on kokoelma monenlaisia hyödyllisiä funktioita ja olioita joiden avulla kielen \"ilmaisuvoimaa\" on helppo laajentaa. Olemme jo käyttäneet muutamassa tehtävässä standardikirjastosta eräitä matemaattisia operaatioita tarjoavia funktioita esim. neliöjuurten laskemisessa.</p><p>Standardikirjasto muodostuu <em>moduuleista</em>, joihin on ryhmitelty eri aiheisiin liittyviä funktioita ja luokkia. Tutustumme tässä osassa joihinkin hyödyllisiin moduuleihin ja opimme myös tekemään moduulin itse.</p><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">import</code> ottaa käyttöön halutun moduulin. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä moduulia <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>, jossa on matemaattisia funktioita. Seuraava koodi laskee luvun neliöjuuren funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code> ja logaritmin funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">log</code></p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luvun 5 neliöjuuri</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># luvun 8 logaritmi (2-kantainen)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2.23606797749979\n3.0</p></sample-output><p>Koska funktiot ovat moduulissa <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>, niihin viitataan koodissa nimillä <code class=\"language-text\">math.sqrt</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">math.log</code>.</p><h2 id=\"moduulin-osien-valinta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin osien valinta<a href=\"#moduulin-osien-valinta\" aria-label=\"moduulin osien valinta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toinen tapa käyttää moduulia on valita sieltä mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">from</code>-komennolla tiettyjä osia, joita haluamme käyttää. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi ottaa käyttöön funktiot <code class=\"language-text\">sqrt</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">log</code> moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> log\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämän tavan etuna on, että voimme käyttää funktioita suoraan ilman <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-etuliitettä.</p><p>Voimme myös ottaa suoraan käytettäväksi <em>kaiken</em> moduulin sisällön tähden avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> math <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> <span class=\"token operator\">*</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>log<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä tapa voi olla kätevä testailussa ja pienissä ohjelmissa, mutta siinä on omat ongelmansa, kuten näemme myöhemmin.</p><programming-exercise name='Hypotenuusa' tmcname='osa07-01_hypotenuusa'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hypotenuusa(kateetti1: float, kateetti2: float)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen suorakulmaisen kolmion kateettien pituudet. Funktio palauttaa kolmion hypotenuusan pituuden.</p><p>Ratkaisu lasketaan <a href=\"https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoraan_lause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pythagoraan</a> lauseen avulla. Saat laskettua neliöjuuren <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>-moduulin funktion avulla.</p><p>Esimerkkejä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 5.0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 13.0</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hypotenuusa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 1.4142135623730951</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"moduulin-sisalto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin sisältö<a href=\"#moduulin-sisalto\" aria-label=\"moduulin sisalto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin dokumentaatio kertoo jokaisesta standardikirjaston moduulista, mitä moduuli sisältää ja kuinka sitä käytetään. Esimerkiksi moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">math</code> dokumentaatio on tässä:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html</a></li>\n</ul><p>Voimme myös tutkia funktion <code class=\"language-text\">dir</code> avulla moduulin sisältöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">dir</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>math<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio antaa listan nimistä, jotka moduuli määrittelee:</p><sample-output><p>['__doc__', '__name__', '__package__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Erikoismerkit' tmcname='osa07-02_erikoismerkit'><p>Moduulissa <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">string</a> on merkkijonovakioita, jotka määrittelevät tiettyjä merkkiryhmiä (esim. pienet kirjaimet ja välimerkit). Tutustu näihin vakioihin ja kirjoita niitä käyttäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jaa_merkkeihin(merkkijono: str)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, jossa parametrina saadun merkkijonon merkit on jaettu kolmeen eri merkkijonoon:</p><ul>\n<li>Ensimmäisessä jonossa on kaikki pienet ja suuret englanninkieliset kirjaimet (vakio <code class=\"language-text\">ascii_letters</code>)</li>\n<li>Toisessa jonossa on kaikki vakiossa <code class=\"language-text\">punctuation</code> määritellyt välimerkit</li>\n<li>Kolmannessa jonossa on kaikki merkit (mukaan lukien esim. välilyönnit), jotka eivät kuulu kahteen edelliseen ryhmään</li>\n</ul><p>Merkit tulee tallentaa palautettuihin merkkijonoihin siinä järjestyksessä kuin ne esiintyvät alkuperäisessä merkkijonossa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> jaa_merkkeihin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi!!! Toimiiko, mitä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>TmontestiToimiikomit\n!!!,?\nää    ä</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Murtoluvuilla laskeminen' tmcname='osa07-03_murtoluvuilla_laskeminen'><p>Tutustu Pythonin moduuliin <code class=\"language-text\">fractions</code> ja toteuta sen avulla funktio <code class=\"language-text\">jaa_palasiksi(maara: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen palasten määrän. Funktio jakaa luvun 1 parametrin mukaisesti yhtä suuriin murtolukupalasiin ja palauttaa nämä palaset listassa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> p <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> jaa_palasiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jaa_palasiksi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1/3\n1/3\n1/3</p><p>[Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5), Fraction(1, 5)]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"2ae7a041-d84f-5a17-9d1a-d1f8cf68f5d0\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/1-moduulit","title":"Moduulit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/1-moduulit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki 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Funktio palauttaa tuplen, joka kertoo nopan 1 voittojen lukumäärän, nopan 2 voittojen lukumäärän ja tasapelien lukumäärän."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulos "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pelaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"A\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"C\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntulos "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pelaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"B\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"B\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"(292, 708, 0)\n(249, 273, 478)"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Satunnaiset sanat","tmcname":"osa07-08_satunnaiset_sanat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu tiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka sisältää englannin kielen sanoja, yksi sana joka rivillä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat(n: int, alku: str)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa listassa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kappaletta satunnaisia sanoja tiedostosta. Kaikkien palautettujen sanojen tulee alkaa annetulla merkkijonolla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametreilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat(3, \"ca\")"}]},{"type":"text","value":", se voisi palauttaa listassa esim. sanat \"cat\", \"car\" ja \"carbon\". Sama sana ei saa esiintyä listassa kahdesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos annetulla merkkijonolla alkavia sanoja ei löydy tarpeeksi annetun kokoisen ryhmän muodostamiseen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ValueError"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ca\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"cat\ncar\ncarbon"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">random</code> funktioita</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää satunnaisuutta omissa ohjelmissasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tässä luvussa tutustutaan standardikirjaston moduuliin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#module-random\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">random</a>, joka tarjoaa välineistöä satunnaislukujen generointiin ja muuhun satunnaiseen toiminnallisuuteen.</p><p>Tässä ja seuraavissa luvuissa esiteltävien funktioiden yhteyteen on lisäilty linkkejä standardikirjaston <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dokumentaatioon</a>. Linkkejä kannattaa klikkailla ja pikkuhiljaa totutella siihen, miltä dokumentaatio näyttää.</p><h2 id=\"luvun-arpominen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luvun arpominen<a href=\"#luvun-arpominen\" aria-label=\"luvun arpominen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.randint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">randint(a, b)</a> antaa satunnaisen kokonaisluvun väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma simuloi nopan heittämistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Noppa antaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos voisi olla vaikkapa:</p><sample-output><p>Noppa antaa: 4</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan heittää noppaa kymmenen kertaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Noppa antaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos voisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Noppa antaa: 5\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 3\nNoppa antaa: 2\nNoppa antaa: 3\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 6\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">randint</code> toimii eri logiikalla kuin aiemmin käyttämämme funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>, joka luo lukuvälin. Kun kutsumme funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">randint(1, 6)</code>, lukuväli on 1...6, mutta kun kutsumme funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">range(1, 6)</code>, lukuväli on 1...5.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-funktioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää funktioita<a href=\"#lisaa-funktioita\" aria-label=\"lisaa funktioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.shuffle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shuffle</a> sekoittaa sille annetun tietorakenteen. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma sekoittaa listalla olevat sanat:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nshuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['banaani', 'apina', 'cembalo']</p></sample-output><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">choice</code> puolestaan valitsee satunnaisen alkion tietorakenteesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> choice\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>'cembalo'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lottorivin-arvonta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivin arvonta<a href=\"#lottorivin-arvonta\" aria-label=\"lottorivin arvonta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa haluamme arpoa lottorivin. Lotossa on yhteensä 40 numeroa, joista arvotaan 7 numeroa riviin.</p><p>Yksinkertainen tapa koettaa arpoa lottorivi on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei ole kuitenkaan toimiva tapa, koska sama numero saattaa tulla useita kertoja riviin. Tarvitsemme jonkin menetelmän, joka varmistaa, että jokainen numero on eri numero.</p><p>Yksi mahdollisuus on tallentaa arvotut numerot listaan ja lisätä uusi numero listaan vain, jos sitä ei vielä ole siellä. Voimme jatkaa tätä, kunnes listassa on 7 numeroa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> uusi <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme kuitenkin toteuttaa arvonnan myös lyhyemmin funktion <code class=\"language-text\">shuffle</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\nkaikki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nshuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä ideana on, että luomme ensin listan, jossa on kaikki numerot väliltä 1–40. Tämän jälkeen sekoitamme listan ja valitsemme sitten 7 ensimmäistä numeroa riviin. Tämän ansiosta meidän ei tarvitse tehdä silmukkaa.</p><p>Itse asiassa voimme toteuttaa arvonnan vielä helpommin, koska Pythonin standardikirjastossa on myös funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.sample\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sample</a>, joka valitsee annetusta tietorakenteesta halutun määrän alkioita:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sample\n\nkaikki_luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sample<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Lottonumerot' tmcname='osa07-04_lottonumerot'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lottonumerot(maara: int, alaraja: int, ylaraja: int)</code>, joka arpoo annetun määrän satunnaislukuja väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">alaraja</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">ylaraja</code>, tallentaa ne listaan ja palauttaa listan. Lukujen tulee olla palautetussa listassa suuruusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Koska kyseessä ovat lottonumerot, sama numero ei saa esiintyä listassa kahta kertaa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lottonumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4\n7\n11\n16\n22\n29\n38</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"mista-satunnaisluvut-tulevat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mistä satunnaisluvut tulevat?<a href=\"#mista-satunnaisluvut-tulevat\" aria-label=\"mista satunnaisluvut tulevat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">random</a> toiminta perustuu algoritmiin, joka tuottaa satunnaislukuja tietyn lähtöarvon ja matemaattisten operaatioiden avulla. Lähtöarvoa kutsutaan myös nimellä <em>siemenarvo</em> (engl. <em>seed value</em>).</p><p>Voimme halutessamme antaa siemenarvon itse funktiolla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.seed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seed</a>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> seed\n\nseed<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1337</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tästä tulee aina sama satunnaisluku</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun annamme siemenarvon itse, satunnaisuutta käyttävät funktiot antavat samat tulokset ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla. Tulokset voivat kuitenkin riippua käytetystä Pythonin versiosta.</p><text-box variant=\"info\" name=\"Aito satunnaisuus\"><p>Jos tarkkoja ollaan, moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">random</code> muodostamat luvut eivät ole aitoja satunnaislukuja, vaan <em>pseudosatunnaislukuja</em>. Tietokoneen avulla on vaikea arpoa täysin satunnaisia lukuja, koska sen toiminta on kaikilta osin ennustettavissa. Monissa käyttötarkoituksissa luvut ovat kuitenkin tarpeeksi satunnaisia. Aitoja satunnaislukuja muodostettaessa lähteenä käytetään yleensä jotain tietokoneen ulkopuolista satunnaista ilmiötä, esimerkiksi radioaktiivista taustasäteilyä tai äänentasoa.</p><div>Lisätietoa löydät esimerkiksi sivulta <a href=\"https://www.random.org/randomness/\">random.org</a>.</div></text-box><programming-exercise name='Salasanan arpoja, osa 1' tmcname='osa07-05_salasanan_arpoja_1'><p>Tee funktio, jonka avulla on mahdollista luoda halutun pituisia satunnaisista pienistä kirjaimista (väliltä a-z) muodostettuja salasanoja.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luo_salasana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>lttehepy\nolsxttjl\ncbjncrzo\ndwxqjdgu\ngpfdcecs\njabyvgar\nxnbbonbl\nktmsjyww\nejhprmel\nrjkoacib</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Salasanan arpoja, osa 2' tmcname='osa07-06_salasanan_arpoja_2'><p>Tee paranneltu versio edellisen tehtävän funktiosta. Funktio saa nyt kolme parametria:</p><ul>\n<li>jos toinen parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, salasanassa on myös (yksi tai useampi) numero</li>\n<li>jos kolmas parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, salasanassa on myös (yksi tai useampi) erikoismerkki joukosta <code class=\"language-text\">!?=+-()#</code></li>\n</ul><p>Salasanassa täytyy olla parametreista riippumatta aina vähintään yksi kirjain. Voit olettaa, että funktiota kutsutaan aina parametreilla, joilla on mahdollista tuottaa halutunlaisia salasanoja.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luo_hyva_salasana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2?0n+u31\nu=m4nl94\nn#=i6r#(\nda9?zvm?\n7h)!)g?!\na=59x2n5\n(jr6n3b5\n9n(4i+2!\n32+qba#=\nn?b0a7ey</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Noppasimulaatio' tmcname='osa07-07_noppasimulaatio'><p>Tehdään tässä tehtävässä muutamia funktioita, joita on mahdollista käyttää nopanheittoon liittyvissä peleissä.</p><p>Normaalin nopan sijaan tehtävässä käytetään ns. epätransitiivisia noppia, joista on lisää tietoa esim. <a href=\"https://singingbanana.com/dice/article.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tässä artikkelissa</a> tai <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrIp6CKUlH8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tässä videossa</a>.</p><p>Käytössä on kolme noppaa:</p><ul>\n<li>Nopassa A on numerot 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6</li>\n<li>Nopassa B on numerot 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5</li>\n<li>Nopassa C on numerot 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4</li>\n</ul></pre><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">heita(noppa: str)</code>, joka heittää parametrinsa kertomaa noppaa. Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  6  3  6  3\n2  2  5  2  2  5  5  2  2  5  2  5  5  5  2  5  2  2  2  2\n4  4  4  4  4  1  1  4  4  4  1  4  4  4  4  4  4  4  4  4</p></sample-output><p>Tee vielä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pelaa(noppa1: str, noppa2: str, kertaa: int)</code> joka heittää kokonaisluvun kertoman määrän parametreina olevia noppia. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, joka kertoo nopan 1 voittojen lukumäärän, nopan 2 voittojen lukumäärän ja tasapelien lukumäärän.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"C\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(292, 708, 0)\n(249, 273, 478)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Satunnaiset sanat' tmcname='osa07-08_satunnaiset_sanat'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.txt</code>, joka sisältää englannin kielen sanoja, yksi sana joka rivillä.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sanat(n: int, alku: str)</code>, joka palauttaa listassa <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kappaletta satunnaisia sanoja tiedostosta. Kaikkien palautettujen sanojen tulee alkaa annetulla merkkijonolla.</p><p>Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametreilla <code class=\"language-text\">sanat(3, \"ca\")</code>, se voisi palauttaa listassa esim. sanat \"cat\", \"car\" ja \"carbon\". Sama sana ei saa esiintyä listassa kahdesti.</p><p>Jos annetulla merkkijonolla alkavia sanoja ei löydy tarpeeksi annetun kokoisen ryhmän muodostamiseen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ca\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>cat\ncar\ncarbon</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/2-satunnaisuus","title":"Satunnaisuus"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/2-satunnaisuus.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Funktio palauttaa tuplen, joka kertoo nopan 1 voittojen lukumäärän, nopan 2 voittojen lukumäärän ja tasapelien lukumäärän."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tulos "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pelaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"A\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"C\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntulos "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" pelaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"B\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"B\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"(292, 708, 0)\n(249, 273, 478)"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Satunnaiset sanat","tmcname":"osa07-08_satunnaiset_sanat"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu tiedosto "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka sisältää englannin kielen sanoja, yksi sana joka rivillä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat(n: int, alku: str)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa listassa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"n"}]},{"type":"text","value":" kappaletta satunnaisia sanoja tiedostosta. Kaikkien palautettujen sanojen tulee alkaa annetulla merkkijonolla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametreilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sanat(3, \"ca\")"}]},{"type":"text","value":", se voisi palauttaa listassa esim. sanat \"cat\", \"car\" ja \"carbon\". Sama sana ei saa esiintyä listassa kahdesti."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos annetulla merkkijonolla alkavia sanoja ei löydy tarpeeksi annetun kokoisen ryhmän muodostamiseen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"ValueError"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" sanat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ca\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sana "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"sana"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"cat\ncar\ncarbon"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">random</code> funktioita</li>\n<li>Osaat hyödyntää satunnaisuutta omissa ohjelmissasi</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tässä luvussa tutustutaan standardikirjaston moduuliin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#module-random\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">random</a>, joka tarjoaa välineistöä satunnaislukujen generointiin ja muuhun satunnaiseen toiminnallisuuteen.</p><p>Tässä ja seuraavissa luvuissa esiteltävien funktioiden yhteyteen on lisäilty linkkejä standardikirjaston <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dokumentaatioon</a>. Linkkejä kannattaa klikkailla ja pikkuhiljaa totutella siihen, miltä dokumentaatio näyttää.</p><h2 id=\"luvun-arpominen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luvun arpominen<a href=\"#luvun-arpominen\" aria-label=\"luvun arpominen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.randint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">randint(a, b)</a> antaa satunnaisen kokonaisluvun väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">b</code>. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma simuloi nopan heittämistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Noppa antaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos voisi olla vaikkapa:</p><sample-output><p>Noppa antaa: 4</p></sample-output><p>Seuraava ohjelma puolestaan heittää noppaa kymmenen kertaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Noppa antaa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulos voisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Noppa antaa: 5\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 3\nNoppa antaa: 2\nNoppa antaa: 3\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 6\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 4\nNoppa antaa: 3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että funktio <code class=\"language-text\">randint</code> toimii eri logiikalla kuin aiemmin käyttämämme funktio <code class=\"language-text\">range</code>, joka luo lukuvälin. Kun kutsumme funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">randint(1, 6)</code>, lukuväli on 1...6, mutta kun kutsumme funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">range(1, 6)</code>, lukuväli on 1...5.</p><h2 id=\"lisaa-funktioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lisää funktioita<a href=\"#lisaa-funktioita\" aria-label=\"lisaa funktioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.shuffle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shuffle</a> sekoittaa sille annetun tietorakenteen. Esimerkiksi seuraava ohjelma sekoittaa listalla olevat sanat:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nshuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['banaani', 'apina', 'cembalo']</p></sample-output><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">choice</code> puolestaan valitsee satunnaisen alkion tietorakenteesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> choice\n\nsanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"apina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"banaani\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"cembalo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>'cembalo'</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lottorivin-arvonta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lottorivin arvonta<a href=\"#lottorivin-arvonta\" aria-label=\"lottorivin arvonta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä tilannetta, jossa haluamme arpoa lottorivin. Lotossa on yhteensä 40 numeroa, joista arvotaan 7 numeroa riviin.</p><p>Yksinkertainen tapa koettaa arpoa lottorivi on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tämä ei ole kuitenkaan toimiva tapa, koska sama numero saattaa tulla useita kertoja riviin. Tarvitsemme jonkin menetelmän, joka varmistaa, että jokainen numero on eri numero.</p><p>Yksi mahdollisuus on tallentaa arvotut numerot listaan ja lisätä uusi numero listaan vain, jos sitä ei vielä ole siellä. Voimme jatkaa tätä, kunnes listassa on 7 numeroa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint\n\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">while</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> uusi <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme kuitenkin toteuttaa arvonnan myös lyhyemmin funktion <code class=\"language-text\">shuffle</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\nkaikki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nshuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kaikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tässä ideana on, että luomme ensin listan, jossa on kaikki numerot väliltä 1–40. Tämän jälkeen sekoitamme listan ja valitsemme sitten 7 ensimmäistä numeroa riviin. Tämän ansiosta meidän ei tarvitse tehdä silmukkaa.</p><p>Itse asiassa voimme toteuttaa arvonnan vielä helpommin, koska Pythonin standardikirjastossa on myös funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.sample\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sample</a>, joka valitsee annetusta tietorakenteesta halutun määrän alkioita:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sample\n\nkaikki_luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">41</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nrivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sample<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kaikki_luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Lottonumerot' tmcname='osa07-04_lottonumerot'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">lottonumerot(maara: int, alaraja: int, ylaraja: int)</code>, joka arpoo annetun määrän satunnaislukuja väliltä <code class=\"language-text\">alaraja</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">ylaraja</code>, tallentaa ne listaan ja palauttaa listan. Lukujen tulee olla palautetussa listassa suuruusjärjestyksessä.</p><p>Koska kyseessä ovat lottonumerot, sama numero ei saa esiintyä listassa kahta kertaa.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lottonumerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">40</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>4\n7\n11\n16\n22\n29\n38</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"mista-satunnaisluvut-tulevat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Mistä satunnaisluvut tulevat?<a href=\"#mista-satunnaisluvut-tulevat\" aria-label=\"mista satunnaisluvut tulevat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">random</a> toiminta perustuu algoritmiin, joka tuottaa satunnaislukuja tietyn lähtöarvon ja matemaattisten operaatioiden avulla. Lähtöarvoa kutsutaan myös nimellä <em>siemenarvo</em> (engl. <em>seed value</em>).</p><p>Voimme halutessamme antaa siemenarvon itse funktiolla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html?highlight=random#random.seed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seed</a>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> seed\n\nseed<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1337</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tästä tulee aina sama satunnaisluku</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun annamme siemenarvon itse, satunnaisuutta käyttävät funktiot antavat samat tulokset ohjelman jokaisella suorituskerralla. Tulokset voivat kuitenkin riippua käytetystä Pythonin versiosta.</p><text-box variant=\"info\" name=\"Aito satunnaisuus\"><p>Jos tarkkoja ollaan, moduulin <code class=\"language-text\">random</code> muodostamat luvut eivät ole aitoja satunnaislukuja, vaan <em>pseudosatunnaislukuja</em>. Tietokoneen avulla on vaikea arpoa täysin satunnaisia lukuja, koska sen toiminta on kaikilta osin ennustettavissa. Monissa käyttötarkoituksissa luvut ovat kuitenkin tarpeeksi satunnaisia. Aitoja satunnaislukuja muodostettaessa lähteenä käytetään yleensä jotain tietokoneen ulkopuolista satunnaista ilmiötä, esimerkiksi radioaktiivista taustasäteilyä tai äänentasoa.</p><div>Lisätietoa löydät esimerkiksi sivulta <a href=\"https://www.random.org/randomness/\">random.org</a>.</div></text-box><programming-exercise name='Salasanan arpoja, osa 1' tmcname='osa07-05_salasanan_arpoja_1'><p>Tee funktio, jonka avulla on mahdollista luoda halutun pituisia satunnaisista pienistä kirjaimista (väliltä a-z) muodostettuja salasanoja.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luo_salasana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>lttehepy\nolsxttjl\ncbjncrzo\ndwxqjdgu\ngpfdcecs\njabyvgar\nxnbbonbl\nktmsjyww\nejhprmel\nrjkoacib</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Salasanan arpoja, osa 2' tmcname='osa07-06_salasanan_arpoja_2'><p>Tee paranneltu versio edellisen tehtävän funktiosta. Funktio saa nyt kolme parametria:</p><ul>\n<li>jos toinen parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, salasanassa on myös (yksi tai useampi) numero</li>\n<li>jos kolmas parametri on <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, salasanassa on myös (yksi tai useampi) erikoismerkki joukosta <code class=\"language-text\">!?=+-()#</code></li>\n</ul><p>Salasanassa täytyy olla parametreista riippumatta aina vähintään yksi kirjain. Voit olettaa, että funktiota kutsutaan aina parametreilla, joilla on mahdollista tuottaa halutunlaisia salasanoja.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luo_hyva_salasana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2?0n+u31\nu=m4nl94\nn#=i6r#(\nda9?zvm?\n7h)!)g?!\na=59x2n5\n(jr6n3b5\n9n(4i+2!\n32+qba#=\nn?b0a7ey</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Noppasimulaatio' tmcname='osa07-07_noppasimulaatio'><p>Tehdään tässä tehtävässä muutamia funktioita, joita on mahdollista käyttää nopanheittoon liittyvissä peleissä.</p><p>Normaalin nopan sijaan tehtävässä käytetään ns. epätransitiivisia noppia, joista on lisää tietoa esim. <a href=\"https://singingbanana.com/dice/article.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tässä artikkelissa</a> tai <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrIp6CKUlH8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tässä videossa</a>.</p><p>Käytössä on kolme noppaa:</p><ul>\n<li>Nopassa A on numerot 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6</li>\n<li>Nopassa B on numerot 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5</li>\n<li>Nopassa C on numerot 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4</li>\n</ul></pre><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">heita(noppa: str)</code>, joka heittää parametrinsa kertomaa noppaa. Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>heita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"C\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> end<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  6  3  6  3\n2  2  5  2  2  5  5  2  2  5  2  5  5  5  2  5  2  2  2  2\n4  4  4  4  4  1  1  4  4  4  1  4  4  4  4  4  4  4  4  4</p></sample-output><p>Tee vielä funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pelaa(noppa1: str, noppa2: str, kertaa: int)</code> joka heittää kokonaisluvun kertoman määrän parametreina olevia noppia. Funktio palauttaa tuplen, joka kertoo nopan 1 voittojen lukumäärän, nopan 2 voittojen lukumäärän ja tasapelien lukumäärän.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"C\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(292, 708, 0)\n(249, 273, 478)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Satunnaiset sanat' tmcname='osa07-08_satunnaiset_sanat'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on annettu tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.txt</code>, joka sisältää englannin kielen sanoja, yksi sana joka rivillä.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">sanat(n: int, alku: str)</code>, joka palauttaa listassa <code class=\"language-text\">n</code> kappaletta satunnaisia sanoja tiedostosta. Kaikkien palautettujen sanojen tulee alkaa annetulla merkkijonolla.</p><p>Jos funktiota esim. kutsuttaisiin parametreilla <code class=\"language-text\">sanat(3, \"ca\")</code>, se voisi palauttaa listassa esim. sanat \"cat\", \"car\" ja \"carbon\". Sama sana ei saa esiintyä listassa kahdesti.</p><p>Jos annetulla merkkijonolla alkavia sanoja ei löydy tarpeeksi annetun kokoisen ryhmän muodostamiseen, funktio tuottaa poikkeuksen <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ca\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>cat\ncar\ncarbon</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"30ffe369-3fca-5938-b75e-6151ca6ee717\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/2-satunnaisuus","title":"Satunnaisuus"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/2-satunnaisuus.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kesakuun_loppu.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka näyttää yllä olevalla syötteellä seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ajanjakso: 24.06.2020-28.06.2020\nYht. minuutteja: 780\nKeskim. minuutteja: 156.0\n24.06.2020: 60/120/0\n25.06.2020: 0/0/0\n26.06.2020: 180/0/0\n27.06.2020: 25/240/15\n28.06.2020: 45/90/5"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"5602ad2e-213e-5d65-a2ae-56283d90b57d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät tavan käsitellä päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa ja käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">datetime</code>-olioita</li>\n<li>Osaat vertailla päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja toisiinsa ja laskea niiden erotuksia</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"aikaolio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikaolio<a href=\"#aikaolio\" aria-label=\"aikaolio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">datetime</a> funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime.now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now</a> antaa aikaolion, jossa on nykyinen päivämäärä ja kellonaika. Voimme esimerkiksi tulostaa nykyhetken päivämäärän ja kellonajan näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2020-10-13 12:46:49.311393</p></sample-output><p>Toinen tapa muodostaa aikaolio on määrittää ajanhetki itse:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1952-12-24 00:00:00</p></sample-output><p>Kun emme antaneet kellonaikaa, oletuksena on, että kyseessä on keskiyö.</p><p>Voimme hakea aikaoliosta ajan osia tähän tapaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Päivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>day<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuukausi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vuosi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>year<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Päivä: 24\nKuukausi: 12\nVuosi: 1952</p></sample-output><p>Aikaoliolle voidaan antaa myös kellonaika halutulla tarkkuudella. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\npv1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">00</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 30.6.2020 klo 13.00</span>\npv2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">18</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 30.6.2020 klo 18.45</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"aikojen-vertailu-ja-ero\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikojen vertailu ja ero<a href=\"#aikojen-vertailu-ja-ero\" aria-label=\"aikojen vertailu ja ero permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme vertailla aikoja samaan tapaan kuin lukuja käyttämällä tuttuja vertailuoperaattoreita:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nnyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei ole vielä juhannus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hyvää juhannusta!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">></span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhannus on mennyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Juhannus on mennyt</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös laskea kahden ajankohdan eron vähennyslaskuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nnyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> nyt\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhannukseen on vielä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>days<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"päivää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Juhannukseen on vielä 37 päivää</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että vähennyslaskun tuloksena on <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#timedelta-objects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">timedelta</a>-olio, jolta voi kysyä vain rajoitetusti ajan yksikköjä. Voimme kysyä päivien määrän, mutta emme voi kysyä esimerkiksi vuosien määrää, koska vuoden pituus vaihtelee.</p><p>Timedelta-olion avulla on myös mahdollista selvittää, mikä ajanhetki saadaan kun tietty aika (viikkoina ja päivinä) lisätään johonkin ajanhetkeen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> timedelta\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> timedelta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>days<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviikon_paasta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> viikko\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kun viikko juhannuksesta kuluu on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikon_paasta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npitka_aika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> timedelta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>weeks<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> days<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kun juhannuksesta kuluu 32 viikkoa ja 15 päivää on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> pitka_aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kun viikko juhannuksesta kuluu on 2020-06-27 00:00:00\nKun juhannuksesta kuluu 32 viikkoa ja 15 päivää on 2021-02-14 00:00:00</p></sample-output><p>Timedelta-olio toimii viikkojen ja päivien lisäksi tarkemmallakin tasolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskiyo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nerotus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiyo<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nyt\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"keskiyöhön on vielä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>seconds<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> sekuntia\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>keskiyöhön on vielä 8188 sekuntia</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kuinka vanha' tmcname='osa07-09_kuinka_vanha'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän syntymäajan (erikseen päivä, kuukausi ja vuosi) ja tulostaa, kuinka monta päivää vanha käyttäjä oli 31.12.1999 seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Päivä: <strong>10</strong>\nKuukausi: <strong>9</strong>\nVuosi: <strong>1979</strong>\nOlit 7417 päivää vanha, kun vuosituhat vaihtui.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Päivä: <strong>28</strong>\nKuukausi: <strong>3</strong>\nVuosi: <strong>2005</strong>\nEt ollut syntynyt, kun vuosituhat vaihtui.</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että kaikki annetut päivä-kuukausi-vuosi-yhdistelmät ovat mahdollisia (eli käyttäjä ei siis anna esim. syötettä 31.2.1999).</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Henkilötunnus oikein?' tmcname='osa07-10_henkilotunnus_oikein'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">onko_validi(hetu: str)</code>, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> sen mukaan, onko annettu henkilötunnus oikea. Henkilötunnus on muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">ppkkvvXyyyz</code>, jossa <code class=\"language-text\">ppkkvv</code> kertoo syntymäajan (päivä/kuukausi/vuosi), <code class=\"language-text\">X</code> on syntymävuosisadasta riippuva välimerkki, <code class=\"language-text\">yyy</code> henkilökohtainen yksilönumero ja <code class=\"language-text\">z</code> tarkistemerkki.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee tarkastaa, että</p><ul>\n<li>alkuosassa on ppkkvv-muodossa oleva päivämäärä, joka on olemassa oleva päivämäärä</li>\n<li>välimerkki on <code class=\"language-text\">+</code> (1800-luku), <code class=\"language-text\">-</code> (1900-luku) tai <code class=\"language-text\">A</code> (2000-luku) ja</li>\n<li>lopussa oleva tarkastusmerkki on oikein.</li>\n</ul><p>Tarkastusmerkki lasketaan jakamalla syntymäajasta ja yksilönumerosta muodostuva numerosarja 31:llä ja ottamalla tästä jakojäännös. Merkki valitaan sitten jakojäännöksen mukaisesta indeksistä merkkijonosta <code class=\"language-text\">0123456789ABCDEFHJKLMNPRSTUVWXY</code>. Esimerkiksi jos jakojäännös on 12, valitaan indeksissä 12 oleva merkki <code class=\"language-text\">C</code>.</p><p>Lisätietoa laskemisesta löydät esimerkiksi <a href=\"https://dvv.fi/henkilotunnus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digi- ja väestötietoviraston sivuilta</a>.</p><p><strong>HUOM!</strong> Pidä huolta, ettet jaa omaa henkilötunnustasi esimerkiksi testikoodin mukana, jos kysyt neuvoja tehtävään kurssin keskustelualueella tai muualla.</p><p>Oikeamuotoisia henkilötunnuksia testaamiseen ovat esimerkiksi seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>230827-906F</li>\n<li>120488+246L</li>\n<li>310823A9877</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"aikojen-muotoilu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikojen muotoilu<a href=\"#aikojen-muotoilu\" aria-label=\"aikojen muotoilu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme muotoilla ajanhetken haluamallamme tavalla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.date.strftime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strftime</a>-metodin avulla. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa nykyisen päivämäärän muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">pp.kk.vvvv</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strftime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"%d.%m.%Y\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>04.02.2020</p></sample-output><p>Ajan muotoilussa käytetään tiettyjä kirjainlyhenteitä. Seuraavassa listassa on joitakin mahdollisia lyhenteitä (täydellinen lista on Pythonin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.strftime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dokumentaatiossa</a>):</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Lyhenne</th>\n<th align=\"left\">Merkitys</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%d</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">päivä (01–31)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%m</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">kuukausi (01–12)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%Y</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">vuosi nelinumeroisena</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%H</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">tunnit 24 tunnin formaatissa</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%M</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">minuutit (00–59)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%S</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">sekunnit (00–59)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Voimme myös tehdä muotoilun toiseen suuntaan, jos esimerkiksi haluamme muuttaa käyttäjän antaman ajanhetken aikaolioksi. Tämä onnistuu metodilla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime.strptime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strptime</a>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nsyote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strptime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"%d.%m.%Y\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> aika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Synnyit viime vuosituhannella\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Synnyit tällä vuosituhannella\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: <strong>5.11.1986</strong>\nSynnyit viime vuosituhannella</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Ruutuaika' tmcname='osa07-11_ruutuaika'><p>Ohjelmassa kirjoitetaan käyttäjän määrittelemään tiedostoon \"ruutuaikoja\", eli käyttäjän television, tietokoneen ja mobiililaitteen ääressä tiettyinä päivinä viettämää aikaa.</p><p>Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Tiedosto: <strong>kesakuun_loppu.txt</strong>\nAloituspäivä: <strong>24.6.2020</strong>\nMontako päivää: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna ruutuajat kunakin päivänä minuutteina (TV tietokone mobiililaite):\nRuutuaika 24.06.2020: <strong>60 120 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 25.06.2020: <strong>0 0 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 26.06.2020: <strong>180 0 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 27.06.2020: <strong>25 240 15</strong>\nRuutuaika 28.06.2020: <strong>45 90 5</strong>\nTiedot tallennettu tiedostoon kesakuun_loppu.txt</p></sample-output><p>Kunkin päivän riville on siis annettu välilyönnillä eroteltuna kolme minuuttimäärää.</p><p>Ohjelma tallentaa 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Seuraavassa listassa on joitakin mahdollisia lyhenteitä (täydellinen lista on Pythonin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.strftime","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"dokumentaatiossa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"):"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"table","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"thead","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lyhenne"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"th","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Merkitys"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tbody","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%d"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"päivä (01–31)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%m"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kuukausi (01–12)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%Y"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"vuosi nelinumeroisena"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%H"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tunnit 24 tunnin formaatissa"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%M"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"minuutit (00–59)"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"tr","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"%S"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"td","properties":{"align":"left"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"sekunnit (00–59)"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voimme myös tehdä muotoilun toiseen suuntaan, jos esimerkiksi haluamme muuttaa käyttäjän antaman ajanhetken aikaolioksi. Tämä onnistuu metodilla "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime.strptime","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"strptime"}]},{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"from"}]},{"type":"text","value":" datetime "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":" datetime\n\nsyote 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Synnyit viime 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vuosituhannella\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5.11.1986"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSynnyit viime vuosituhannella"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Ruutuaika","tmcname":"osa07-11_ruutuaika"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa kirjoitetaan käyttäjän määrittelemään tiedostoon \"ruutuaikoja\", eli käyttäjän television, tietokoneen ja mobiililaitteen ääressä tiettyinä päivinä viettämää aikaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tiedosto: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kesakuun_loppu.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAloituspäivä: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"24.6.2020"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nMontako päivää: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nAnna ruutuajat kunakin päivänä minuutteina (TV tietokone mobiililaite):\nRuutuaika 24.06.2020: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"60 120 0"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRuutuaika 25.06.2020: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"0 0 0"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRuutuaika 26.06.2020: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"180 0 0"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRuutuaika 27.06.2020: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"25 240 15"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nRuutuaika 28.06.2020: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"45 90 5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nTiedot tallennettu tiedostoon kesakuun_loppu.txt"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kunkin päivän riville on siis annettu välilyönnillä eroteltuna kolme minuuttimäärää."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelma tallentaa tilaston ruutuajoista tiedostoon "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"kesakuun_loppu.txt"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka näyttää yllä olevalla syötteellä seuraavalta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-data","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ajanjakso: 24.06.2020-28.06.2020\nYht. minuutteja: 780\nKeskim. minuutteja: 156.0\n24.06.2020: 60/120/0\n25.06.2020: 0/0/0\n26.06.2020: 180/0/0\n27.06.2020: 25/240/15\n28.06.2020: 45/90/5"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"5602ad2e-213e-5d65-a2ae-56283d90b57d"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät tavan käsitellä päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa ja käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">datetime</code>-olioita</li>\n<li>Osaat vertailla päivämääriä ja kellonaikoja toisiinsa ja laskea niiden erotuksia</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"aikaolio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikaolio<a href=\"#aikaolio\" aria-label=\"aikaolio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">datetime</a> funktio <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime.now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now</a> antaa aikaolion, jossa on nykyinen päivämäärä ja kellonaika. Voimme esimerkiksi tulostaa nykyhetken päivämäärän ja kellonajan näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2020-10-13 12:46:49.311393</p></sample-output><p>Toinen tapa muodostaa aikaolio on määrittää ajanhetki itse:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1952-12-24 00:00:00</p></sample-output><p>Kun emme antaneet kellonaikaa, oletuksena on, että kyseessä on keskiyö.</p><p>Voimme hakea aikaoliosta ajan osia tähän tapaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Päivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>day<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuukausi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vuosi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>year<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Päivä: 24\nKuukausi: 12\nVuosi: 1952</p></sample-output><p>Aikaoliolle voidaan antaa myös kellonaika halutulla tarkkuudella. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\npv1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">00</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 30.6.2020 klo 13.00</span>\npv2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">18</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">45</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># 30.6.2020 klo 18.45</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"aikojen-vertailu-ja-ero\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikojen vertailu ja ero<a href=\"#aikojen-vertailu-ja-ero\" aria-label=\"aikojen vertailu ja ero permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme vertailla aikoja samaan tapaan kuin lukuja käyttämällä tuttuja vertailuoperaattoreita:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nnyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ei ole vielä juhannus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hyvää juhannusta!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">elif</span> nyt <span class=\"token operator\">></span> juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhannus on mennyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Juhannus on mennyt</p></sample-output><p>Voimme myös laskea kahden ajankohdan eron vähennyslaskuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nnyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> nyt\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Juhannukseen on vielä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>days<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"päivää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Juhannukseen on vielä 37 päivää</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että vähennyslaskun tuloksena on <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#timedelta-objects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">timedelta</a>-olio, jolta voi kysyä vain rajoitetusti ajan yksikköjä. Voimme kysyä päivien määrän, mutta emme voi kysyä esimerkiksi vuosien määrää, koska vuoden pituus vaihtelee.</p><p>Timedelta-olion avulla on myös mahdollista selvittää, mikä ajanhetki saadaan kun tietty aika (viikkoina ja päivinä) lisätään johonkin ajanhetkeen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> timedelta\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nviikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> timedelta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>days<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nviikon_paasta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> viikko\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kun viikko juhannuksesta kuluu on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikon_paasta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npitka_aika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> timedelta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>weeks<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">32</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> days<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kun juhannuksesta kuluu 32 viikkoa ja 15 päivää on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> juhannus <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> pitka_aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kun viikko juhannuksesta kuluu on 2020-06-27 00:00:00\nKun juhannuksesta kuluu 32 viikkoa ja 15 päivää on 2021-02-14 00:00:00</p></sample-output><p>Timedelta-olio toimii viikkojen ja päivien lisäksi tarkemmallakin tasolla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkeskiyo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nerotus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> keskiyo<span class=\"token operator\">-</span>nyt\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"keskiyöhön on vielä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>erotus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>seconds<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> sekuntia\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>keskiyöhön on vielä 8188 sekuntia</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kuinka vanha' tmcname='osa07-09_kuinka_vanha'><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy käyttäjän syntymäajan (erikseen päivä, kuukausi ja vuosi) ja tulostaa, kuinka monta päivää vanha käyttäjä oli 31.12.1999 seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><sample-output><p>Päivä: <strong>10</strong>\nKuukausi: <strong>9</strong>\nVuosi: <strong>1979</strong>\nOlit 7417 päivää vanha, kun vuosituhat vaihtui.</p></sample-output><sample-output><p>Päivä: <strong>28</strong>\nKuukausi: <strong>3</strong>\nVuosi: <strong>2005</strong>\nEt ollut syntynyt, kun vuosituhat vaihtui.</p></sample-output><p>Voit olettaa, että kaikki annetut päivä-kuukausi-vuosi-yhdistelmät ovat mahdollisia (eli käyttäjä ei siis anna esim. syötettä 31.2.1999).</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Henkilötunnus oikein?' tmcname='osa07-10_henkilotunnus_oikein'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">onko_validi(hetu: str)</code>, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code> sen mukaan, onko annettu henkilötunnus oikea. Henkilötunnus on muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">ppkkvvXyyyz</code>, jossa <code class=\"language-text\">ppkkvv</code> kertoo syntymäajan (päivä/kuukausi/vuosi), <code class=\"language-text\">X</code> on syntymävuosisadasta riippuva välimerkki, <code class=\"language-text\">yyy</code> henkilökohtainen yksilönumero ja <code class=\"language-text\">z</code> tarkistemerkki.</p><p>Ohjelman tulee tarkastaa, että</p><ul>\n<li>alkuosassa on ppkkvv-muodossa oleva päivämäärä, joka on olemassa oleva päivämäärä</li>\n<li>välimerkki on <code class=\"language-text\">+</code> (1800-luku), <code class=\"language-text\">-</code> (1900-luku) tai <code class=\"language-text\">A</code> (2000-luku) ja</li>\n<li>lopussa oleva tarkastusmerkki on oikein.</li>\n</ul><p>Tarkastusmerkki lasketaan jakamalla syntymäajasta ja yksilönumerosta muodostuva numerosarja 31:llä ja ottamalla tästä jakojäännös. Merkki valitaan sitten jakojäännöksen mukaisesta indeksistä merkkijonosta <code class=\"language-text\">0123456789ABCDEFHJKLMNPRSTUVWXY</code>. Esimerkiksi jos jakojäännös on 12, valitaan indeksissä 12 oleva merkki <code class=\"language-text\">C</code>.</p><p>Lisätietoa laskemisesta löydät esimerkiksi <a href=\"https://dvv.fi/henkilotunnus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digi- ja väestötietoviraston sivuilta</a>.</p><p><strong>HUOM!</strong> Pidä huolta, ettet jaa omaa henkilötunnustasi esimerkiksi testikoodin mukana, jos kysyt neuvoja tehtävään kurssin keskustelualueella tai muualla.</p><p>Oikeamuotoisia henkilötunnuksia testaamiseen ovat esimerkiksi seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>230827-906F</li>\n<li>120488+246L</li>\n<li>310823A9877</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"aikojen-muotoilu\" style=\"position:relative;\">Aikojen muotoilu<a href=\"#aikojen-muotoilu\" aria-label=\"aikojen muotoilu permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Voimme muotoilla ajanhetken haluamallamme tavalla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.date.strftime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strftime</a>-metodin avulla. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi tulostaa nykyisen päivämäärän muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">pp.kk.vvvv</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>now<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>aika<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strftime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"%d.%m.%Y\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>04.02.2020</p></sample-output><p>Ajan muotoilussa käytetään tiettyjä kirjainlyhenteitä. Seuraavassa listassa on joitakin mahdollisia lyhenteitä (täydellinen lista on Pythonin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.strftime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dokumentaatiossa</a>):</p><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Lyhenne</th>\n<th align=\"left\">Merkitys</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%d</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">päivä (01–31)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%m</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">kuukausi (01–12)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%Y</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">vuosi nelinumeroisena</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%H</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">tunnit 24 tunnin formaatissa</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%M</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">minuutit (00–59)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><code class=\"language-text\">%S</code></td>\n<td align=\"left\">sekunnit (00–59)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table><p>Voimme myös tehdä muotoilun toiseen suuntaan, jos esimerkiksi haluamme muuttaa käyttäjän antaman ajanhetken aikaolioksi. Tämä onnistuu metodilla <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html?highlight=datetime#datetime.datetime.strptime\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strptime</a>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> datetime\n\nsyote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\naika <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>strptime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>syote<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"%d.%m.%Y\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> aika <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> datetime<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Synnyit viime vuosituhannella\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Synnyit tällä vuosituhannella\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna syntymäpäiväsi muodossa pv.kk.vvvv: <strong>5.11.1986</strong>\nSynnyit viime vuosituhannella</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Ruutuaika' tmcname='osa07-11_ruutuaika'><p>Ohjelmassa kirjoitetaan käyttäjän määrittelemään tiedostoon \"ruutuaikoja\", eli käyttäjän television, tietokoneen ja mobiililaitteen ääressä tiettyinä päivinä viettämää aikaa.</p><p>Ohjelma toimii seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Tiedosto: <strong>kesakuun_loppu.txt</strong>\nAloituspäivä: <strong>24.6.2020</strong>\nMontako päivää: <strong>5</strong>\nAnna ruutuajat kunakin päivänä minuutteina (TV tietokone mobiililaite):\nRuutuaika 24.06.2020: <strong>60 120 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 25.06.2020: <strong>0 0 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 26.06.2020: <strong>180 0 0</strong>\nRuutuaika 27.06.2020: <strong>25 240 15</strong>\nRuutuaika 28.06.2020: <strong>45 90 5</strong>\nTiedot tallennettu tiedostoon kesakuun_loppu.txt</p></sample-output><p>Kunkin päivän riville on siis annettu välilyönnillä eroteltuna kolme minuuttimäärää.</p><p>Ohjelma tallentaa tilaston ruutuajoista tiedostoon <code class=\"language-text\">kesakuun_loppu.txt</code>, joka näyttää yllä olevalla syötteellä seuraavalta:</p><sample-data><p>Ajanjakso: 24.06.2020-28.06.2020\nYht. minuutteja: 780\nKeskim. minuutteja: 156.0\n24.06.2020: 60/120/0\n25.06.2020: 0/0/0\n26.06.2020: 180/0/0\n27.06.2020: 25/240/15\n28.06.2020: 45/90/5</p></sample-data></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"5602ad2e-213e-5d65-a2ae-56283d90b57d\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/3-aikojen-kasittely","title":"Aikojen käsittely"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/3-ajanhetket.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Esimerkiksi:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"csv"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-csv"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jarmo;1;8;16:05"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"timo;2;10;21:22"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jarmo;2;10;19:15"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","value"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jne..."}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtäväsi on etsiä ne opiskelijat, jotka ovat käyttäneet tenttiin yli 3 tuntia aikaa, eli opiskelijat, joiden "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"jonkin"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tehtävän palautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloitusajasta. Palautuksia voi siis olla useampi. Voit olettaa, että kaikki ajat ovat saman vuorokauden puolella."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"huijarit()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa listan huijanneiden opiskelijoiden käyttäjätunnuksista."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Kuka huijasi, versio 2","tmcname":"osa07-15_kuka_huijasi_2"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Käytössäsi on edellisessä tehtävässä määritellyt datatiedostot. Kirjoita funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viralliset_pisteet()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa sanakirjassa (dict) opiskelijoiden koepisteet seuraavien sääntöjen mukaan:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos samaan tehtävänumeroon on tehty useita palautuksia, korkeimman pistemäärän palautus otetaan huomioon"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Jos tehtäväpalautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloittamisen jälkeen, palautusta ei huomioida ollenkaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tehtävät on numeroitu 1–8 ja jokaisesta tehtävästä voi saada 0–6 pistettä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Palautetussa sanakirjassa tunnus on avain ja tehtävien yhteispistemäärä arvo."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vinkki: sisäkkäiset sanakirjat (dict) ovat mainio työkalua tallennettaessa eri opiskelijoiden pisteitä ja aikoja."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h2","properties":{"id":"moduulien-etsiminen","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Moduulien etsiminen"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#moduulien-etsiminen","ariaLabel":"moduulien etsiminen permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pythonin dokumentaatiosta löytyy tietoa kaikista standardikirjaston moduuleista:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Standardikirjaston lisäksi verkosta löytyy lukuisia vapaasti käytettäviä kirjastoja eri tarpeisiin. Joitakin yleisesti käytettyjä moduuleja on täällä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Spellchecker, versio 2","tmcname":"osa07-16_spellchecker_versio2"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Teemme tässä tehtävässä hieman parannellun version edellisen osan tehtävästä Spellchecker."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edellisen osan version tapaan ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämän lisäksi ohjelma antaa listan korjausehdotuksia väärin kirjotettuihin sanoihin."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use ptython to make a spell checker"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nkorjausehdotukset:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is acually a good and usefull program"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nkorjausehdotukset:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Korjausehdotukset etsitään standardikirjaston moduulin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"difflib"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarjoaman funktion "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#difflib.get_close_matches","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"get_close_matches"}]},{"type":"text","value":" avulla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom"}]},{"type":"text","value":": jotta testit toimisivat, käytä funktiota \"oletusasetuksilla\", eli antamalla sille kaksi parametria: virheellinen sana ja lista oikeista sanoista."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d4423633-73ba-5c8a-9cf8-1bad619354dd"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää moduulia CSV-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää moduulia JSON-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat hakea netissä olevan tiedoston sisällön</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme tähän mennessä käsitelleet CSV-tiedostoja omalla koodilla, mutta tähän on myös valmis moduuli <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">csv</a>, jota voi käyttää näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> csv\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"testi.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> csv<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reader<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> delimiter<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yllä oleva koodi lukee rivit CSV-tiedostosta <code class=\"language-text\">testi.csv</code>, jossa erotinmerkki on <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>. Esimerkiksi jos tiedoston sisältö on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">012121212;5\n012345678;2\n015151515;4</code></pre></div><p>niin koodi antaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>['012121212', '5']\n['012345678', '2']\n['015151515', '4']</p></sample-output><p>Mitä hyötyä on käyttää moduulia sen sijaan, että toteuttaa lukemisen itse <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-funktiolla? Yksi hyöty on, että moduulin toteutus toimii myös silloin, kun arvona on merkkijono, jonka sisällä on erotinmerkki. Esimerkiksi jos tiedoston sisältö on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">&quot;aaa;bbb&quot;;&quot;ccc;ddd&quot;</code></pre></div><p>niin koodin tulos on:</p><sample-output><p>['aaa;bbb', 'ccc;ddd']</p></sample-output><p>Jos vain jakaisimme rivin osiin <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>-merkkien kohdista, lukeminen ei toimisi oikein, koska myös merkkijonot jakaantuisivat.</p><h2 id=\"json-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">JSON-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#json-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"json tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-muodon lisäksi on olemassa muitakin koneluettavia tiedostomuotoja. Eräs näistä on erityisesti tietojen siirrossa yleisesti käytetty <a href=\"https://www.json.org/json-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">JSON</a>.</p><p>JSON-tiedostot ovat tekstitiedostoja, joilla on tietty tarkka muoto. Seuraavassa esimerkkinä JSON-tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">kurssit.json</code>, jossa on tietoa kursseista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">[\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Ohjelmoinnin perusteet&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Ohpe&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [1, 3]\n    },\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Ohja&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [2, 4]\n    },\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Tietokantasovellus&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Tsoha&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [1, 2, 3, 4]\n    }\n]</code></pre></div><p>JSON-tiedostot näyttävät kohtuullisen tutulta Pythonin käyttäjille. Itse asiassa tiedoston sisältö vastaa Pythonin listaa, jonka sisällä on kolme sanakirjaa.</p><p>Standardikirjastossa on JSON-tiedostojen käsittelyyn moduuli <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">json</a>. Siinä oleva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">loads</code> muuttaa merkkijonona annetun JSON-datan Pythonin tietorakenteiksi. Esimerkiksi koodin</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kurssit.json\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    data <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> json<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loads<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>data<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulos on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>[{'nimi': 'Ohjelmoinnin perusteet', 'tunnus': 'Ohpe', 'periodit': [1, 3]}, {'nimi': 'Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi', 'tunnus': 'Ohja', 'periodit': [2, 4]}, {'nimi': 'Tietokantasovellus', 'tunnus': 'Tsoha', 'periodit': [1, 2, 3, 4]}]</p></sample-output><p>Koodia voisi jatkaa vaikka seuraavasti, jolloin koodi tulostaa jokaisen kurssin nimen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\nOhjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\nTietokantasovellus</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='JSON-tiedoston käsittely' tmcname='osa07-12_jsontiedostot'><p>Tarkastellaan JSON-tiedostoa, jossa on tietoa opiskelijoista seuraavassa muodossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"json\"><pre class=\"language-json\"><code class=\"language-json\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Pythonisti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"ika\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">27</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"harrastukset\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"koodaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"kutominen\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jaana Javanainen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"ika\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"harrastukset\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"koodaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"kalliokiipeily\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"lukeminen\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_henkilot(tiedosto: str)</code>, joka lukee esimerkin tavalla muodostetun JSON-tiedoston (jonka sisältönä voi olla mielivaltainen määrä henkilöitä) ja tulostaa ne seuraavassa muodossa:</p><sample-output><p>Pekka Pythonisti 27 vuotta (koodaus, kutominen)\nJaana Javanainen 24 vuotta (koodaus, kalliokiipeily, lukeminen)</p></sample-output><p>Harrastukset tulee luetella samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne on annettu JSON-tiedostossa.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"netissa-olevan-tiedoston-hakeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Netissä olevan tiedoston hakeminen<a href=\"#netissa-olevan-tiedoston-hakeminen\" aria-label=\"netissa olevan tiedoston hakeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin standardikirjaston funktion <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.request.html#urllib.request.urlopen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urllib.request.urlopen</a> avulla on helppo hakea internetistä sisältöä ohjelmista käsin.</p><p>Esim. seuraava koodi tulostaa Helsingin yliopiston etusivun sisällön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n\npyynto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>urlopen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"https://helsinki.fi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pyynto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ihmisille tarkoitetut sivut tosin eivät tulostu kovin selkeinä, mutta internetissä on myös runsaasti koneluettavaa dataa, joka on usein JSON-muodossa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssien tilastot' tmcname='osa07-13_kurssistatistiikka'><h4 id=\"tieto-kursseista\" style=\"position:relative;\">tieto kursseista<a href=\"#tieto-kursseista\" aria-label=\"tieto kursseista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Osoitteesta <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses</a> löytyy JSON-muodossa muutaman laitoksen verkkokurssin perustiedot.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kaikki()</code> joka hakee ja palauttaa kaikkien menossa olevien kurssien (kentän <code class=\"language-text\">enabled</code> arvona <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>) tiedot listana tupleja. Paluuarvon muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-output><pre>\n[\n    ('Full Stack Open 2020', 'ofs2019', 2020, 201),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2019', 'docker2019', 2019, 36),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2020', 'docker2020', 2020, 36),\n    ('Beta DevOps with Kubernetes', 'beta-dwk-20', 2020, 28)\n]\n</pre></sample-output><p>Jokainen tuple siis sisältää seuraavat arvot:</p><ul>\n<li>kurssin koko nimi (<code class=\"language-text\">fullName</code>)</li>\n<li>nimi (<code class=\"language-text\">name</code>)</li>\n<li>vuosi (<code class=\"language-text\">year</code>)</li>\n<li>harjoitusten (<code class=\"language-text\">exercises</code>) yhteenlaskettu määrä</li>\n</ul><p><em>Huom</em>: Tämän tehtävän testien toimivuuden osalta on oleellista, että haet tiedot funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">urllib.request.urlopen</code>.</p><p><em>Huom2:</em> Testeissä käytetään myös ovelaa kikkaa, joka hieman muuttaa internetistä tulevaa dataa ja tämän avulla varmistaa, että et huijaa tehtävässäsi palauttamalla \"kovakoodattua\" dataa.</p><p><em>Huom3:</em> Jotkut Mac-käyttäjät ovat törmänneet tehtävässä seuraavaan ongelmaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">File <span class=\"token string\">\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\"</span>, line <span class=\"token number\">1353</span>, <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> do_open\n    raise URLError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>err<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nurllib.error.URLError: <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>urlopen error <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> certificate verify failed: unable to get <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">local</span> issuer certificate <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>_ssl.c:1124<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Ongelman ratkaisutapa riippuu siitä miten python on asennettu koneellesi. Joissain tapauksissa toimii seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"/Applications/Python 3.8/\"</span>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo</span> \"./Install Certificates.command</code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että cd-komennon polku riippuu käyttämästäsi Pythonin versiosta. Se voi olla myös \"/Applications/Python 3.8/\".</p><p><a href=\"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27835619/urllib-and-ssl-certificate-verify-failed-error\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Täällä</a> on ehdotettu useita erilaisia ratkaisuja ongelmaan.</p><p>Eräs kikka jota voit kokeilla, on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> ssl <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää tämä kirjasto importeihin</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_kaikki</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja tämä rivi funktioiden alkuun</span>\n    context <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ssl<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_create_unverified_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Toinen tapa kiertää ongelma on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> certifi <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää tämä kirjasto importeihin</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_kaikki</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses\"</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># lisätään kutsuun toinen parametri</span>\n   pyynto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>urlopen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> cafile<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>certifi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>where<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><h4 id=\"yhden-kurssin-tiedot\" style=\"position:relative;\">yhden kurssin tiedot<a href=\"#yhden-kurssin-tiedot\" aria-label=\"yhden kurssin tiedot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Kunkin kurssin JSON-muotoinen tehtävästatistiikka löytyy omasta osoitteesta, joka saadaan vaihtamalla kurssin kenttä <code class=\"language-text\">name</code> seuraavassa tähtien paikalle <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats</a></p><p>Esimerkiksi kurssin <code class=\"language-text\">docker2019</code> tiedot ovat osoitteessa <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats</a></p><p>Tee ohjelmaasi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kurssi(kurssi: str)</code>, joka palauttaa kurssin tarkemman tehtävästatistiikan.</p><p>Kun kutsutaan <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kurssi(\"docker2019\")</code>, funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, jonka sisältö on seuraava:</p><sample-output><pre>\n{\n    'viikkoja': 4,\n    'opiskelijoita': 220,\n    'tunteja': 5966,\n    'tunteja_keskimaarin': 27,\n    'tehtavia': 4988,\n    'tehtavia_keskimaarin': 22\n}\n</pre></sample-output><p>Sanakirjaan tallennetut arvot määrittyvät seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">viikkoja</code>: kurssia vastaavan JSON-olioiden määrä</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">opiskelijoita</code> viikkojen opiskelijamäärien maksimi</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tunteja</code>: kakkien viikkojen tuntimäärien (<code class=\"language-text\">hour_total</code>) summa</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tunteja_keskimaarin</code>: edellinen jaettuna opiskelijamäärällä (kokonaislukuna pyöristettynä alaspäin)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tehtavia</code>: kakkien viikkojen tehtävämäärien (<code class=\"language-text\">exercise_total</code>) summa</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tehtavia_keskimaarin</code>: edellinen jaettuna opiskelijamäärällä (kokonaislukuna pyöristettynä alaspäin)</li>\n</ul><p><em>Huom</em>: Samat huomiot pätevät tähän osaan kuin edelliseen!</p><p><em>Huom2</em>: löydät <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">math</a> -moduulista funktion, jonka avulla kokonaisluvun alaspäin pyöristäminen on helppoa</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuka huijasi' tmcname='osa07-14_kuka_huijasi'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">tentin_aloitus.csv</code> on tenttien aloitusaikoja muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">tunnus;hh:mm</code>. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">jarmo;09:00</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">timo;18:42</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">kalle;13:23</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäksi tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">palautus.csv</code> on tehtävien palautusaikoja muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">tunnus;tehtävä;pisteet;hh:mm</code>. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">jarmo;1;8;16:05</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">timo;2;10;21:22</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">jarmo;2;10;19:15</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">jne...</span></code></pre></div><p>Tehtäväsi on etsiä ne opiskelijat, jotka ovat käyttäneet tenttiin yli 3 tuntia aikaa, eli opiskelijat, joiden <em>jonkin</em> tehtävän palautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloitusajasta. Palautuksia voi siis olla useampi. Voit olettaa, että kaikki ajat ovat saman vuorokauden puolella.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">huijarit()</code>, joka palauttaa listan huijanneiden opiskelijoiden käyttäjätunnuksista.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuka huijasi, versio 2' tmcname='osa07-15_kuka_huijasi_2'><p>Käytössäsi on edellisessä tehtävässä määritellyt datatiedostot. Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">viralliset_pisteet()</code>, joka palauttaa sanakirjassa (dict) opiskelijoiden koepisteet seuraavien sääntöjen mukaan:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos samaan tehtävänumeroon on tehty useita palautuksia, korkeimman pistemäärän palautus otetaan huomioon</li>\n<li>Jos tehtäväpalautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloittamisen jälkeen, palautusta ei huomioida ollenkaan</li>\n</ul><p>Tehtävät on numeroitu 1–8 ja jokaisesta tehtävästä voi saada 0–6 pistettä.</p><p>Palautetussa sanakirjassa tunnus on avain ja tehtävien yhteispistemäärä arvo.</p><p>Vinkki: sisäkkäiset sanakirjat (dict) ovat mainio työkalua tallennettaessa eri opiskelijoiden pisteitä ja aikoja.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"moduulien-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulien etsiminen<a href=\"#moduulien-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"moduulien etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin dokumentaatiosta löytyy tietoa kaikista standardikirjaston moduuleista:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://docs.python.org/3/library/</a></li>\n</ul><p>Standardikirjaston lisäksi verkosta löytyy lukuisia vapaasti käytettäviä kirjastoja eri tarpeisiin. Joitakin yleisesti käytettyjä moduuleja on täällä:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules</a></li>\n</ul><programming-exercise name='Spellchecker, versio 2' tmcname='osa07-16_spellchecker_versio2'><p>Teemme tässä tehtävässä hieman parannellun version edellisen osan tehtävästä Spellchecker.</p><p>Edellisen osan version tapaan ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. <em>Tämän lisäksi ohjelma antaa listan korjausehdotuksia väärin kirjotettuihin sanoihin.</em></p><p>Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><sample-output><p>write text: <strong>We use ptython to make a spell checker</strong></p><pre>\nWe use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nkorjausehdotukset:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>write text: <strong>this is acually a good and usefull program</strong></p><pre>\nthis is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nkorjausehdotukset:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n</pre></sample-output><p>Korjausehdotukset etsitään standardikirjaston moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">difflib</a> tarjoaman funktion <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#difflib.get_close_matches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">get_close_matches</a> avulla.</p><p><em>Huom</em>: jotta testit toimisivat, käytä funktiota \"oletusasetuksilla\", eli antamalla sille kaksi parametria: virheellinen sana ja lista oikeista sanoista.</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"d4423633-73ba-5c8a-9cf8-1bad619354dd\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely","title":"Datan käsittely"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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Joitakin yleisesti käytettyjä moduuleja on täällä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules"}]}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Spellchecker, versio 2","tmcname":"osa07-16_spellchecker_versio2"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Teemme tässä tehtävässä hieman parannellun version edellisen osan tehtävästä Spellchecker."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Edellisen osan version tapaan ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tämän lisäksi ohjelma antaa listan korjausehdotuksia väärin kirjotettuihin sanoihin."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use ptython to make a spell checker"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"We use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nkorjausehdotukset:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"write text: "},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is acually a good and usefull program"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"this is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nkorjausehdotukset:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Korjausehdotukset etsitään standardikirjaston moduulin "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"difflib"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tarjoaman funktion "},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#difflib.get_close_matches","target":"_blank","rel":["noopener","noreferrer"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"get_close_matches"}]},{"type":"text","value":" avulla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom"}]},{"type":"text","value":": jotta testit toimisivat, käytä funktiota \"oletusasetuksilla\", eli antamalla sille kaksi parametria: virheellinen sana ja lista oikeista sanoista."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"d4423633-73ba-5c8a-9cf8-1bad619354dd"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat käyttää moduulia CSV-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää moduulia JSON-tiedoston käsittelyyn</li>\n<li>Osaat hakea netissä olevan tiedoston sisällön</li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">CSV-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#csv-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"csv tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olemme tähän mennessä käsitelleet CSV-tiedostoja omalla koodilla, mutta tähän on myös valmis moduuli <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">csv</a>, jota voi käyttää näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> csv\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"testi.csv\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> rivi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> csv<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>reader<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> delimiter<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\";\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>rivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Yllä oleva koodi lukee rivit CSV-tiedostosta <code class=\"language-text\">testi.csv</code>, jossa erotinmerkki on <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>. Esimerkiksi jos tiedoston sisältö on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">012121212;5\n012345678;2\n015151515;4</code></pre></div><p>niin koodi antaa seuraavan tuloksen:</p><sample-output><p>['012121212', '5']\n['012345678', '2']\n['015151515', '4']</p></sample-output><p>Mitä hyötyä on käyttää moduulia sen sijaan, että toteuttaa lukemisen itse <code class=\"language-text\">split</code>-funktiolla? Yksi hyöty on, että moduulin toteutus toimii myös silloin, kun arvona on merkkijono, jonka sisällä on erotinmerkki. Esimerkiksi jos tiedoston sisältö on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">&quot;aaa;bbb&quot;;&quot;ccc;ddd&quot;</code></pre></div><p>niin koodin tulos on:</p><sample-output><p>['aaa;bbb', 'ccc;ddd']</p></sample-output><p>Jos vain jakaisimme rivin osiin <code class=\"language-text\">;</code>-merkkien kohdista, lukeminen ei toimisi oikein, koska myös merkkijonot jakaantuisivat.</p><h2 id=\"json-tiedoston-lukeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">JSON-tiedoston lukeminen<a href=\"#json-tiedoston-lukeminen\" aria-label=\"json tiedoston lukeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>CSV-muodon lisäksi on olemassa muitakin koneluettavia tiedostomuotoja. Eräs näistä on erityisesti tietojen siirrossa yleisesti käytetty <a href=\"https://www.json.org/json-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">JSON</a>.</p><p>JSON-tiedostot ovat tekstitiedostoja, joilla on tietty tarkka muoto. Seuraavassa esimerkkinä JSON-tiedosto <code class=\"language-text\">kurssit.json</code>, jossa on tietoa kursseista:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"x\"><pre class=\"language-x\"><code class=\"language-x\">[\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Ohjelmoinnin perusteet&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Ohpe&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [1, 3]\n    },\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Ohja&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [2, 4]\n    },\n    {\n        &quot;nimi&quot;: &quot;Tietokantasovellus&quot;,\n        &quot;tunnus&quot;: &quot;Tsoha&quot;,\n        &quot;periodit&quot;: [1, 2, 3, 4]\n    }\n]</code></pre></div><p>JSON-tiedostot näyttävät kohtuullisen tutulta Pythonin käyttäjille. Itse asiassa tiedoston sisältö vastaa Pythonin listaa, jonka sisällä on kolme sanakirjaa.</p><p>Standardikirjastossa on JSON-tiedostojen käsittelyyn moduuli <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">json</a>. Siinä oleva funktio <code class=\"language-text\">loads</code> muuttaa merkkijonona annetun JSON-datan Pythonin tietorakenteiksi. Esimerkiksi koodin</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">with</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">open</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"kurssit.json\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">as</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    data <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tiedosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> json<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loads<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>data<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>tulos on seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>[{'nimi': 'Ohjelmoinnin perusteet', 'tunnus': 'Ohpe', 'periodit': [1, 3]}, {'nimi': 'Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi', 'tunnus': 'Ohja', 'periodit': [2, 4]}, {'nimi': 'Tietokantasovellus', 'tunnus': 'Tsoha', 'periodit': [1, 2, 3, 4]}]</p></sample-output><p>Koodia voisi jatkaa vaikka seuraavasti, jolloin koodi tulostaa jokaisen kurssin nimen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\nOhjelmoinnin jatkokurssi\nTietokantasovellus</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='JSON-tiedoston käsittely' tmcname='osa07-12_jsontiedostot'><p>Tarkastellaan JSON-tiedostoa, jossa on tietoa opiskelijoista seuraavassa muodossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"json\"><pre class=\"language-json\"><code class=\"language-json\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Pythonisti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"ika\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">27</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"harrastukset\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"koodaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"kutominen\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jaana Javanainen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"ika\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n        <span class=\"token property\">\"harrastukset\"</span><span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"koodaus\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"kalliokiipeily\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n            <span class=\"token string\">\"lukeminen\"</span>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Toteuta funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_henkilot(tiedosto: str)</code>, joka lukee esimerkin tavalla muodostetun JSON-tiedoston (jonka sisältönä voi olla mielivaltainen määrä henkilöitä) ja tulostaa ne seuraavassa muodossa:</p><sample-output><p>Pekka Pythonisti 27 vuotta (koodaus, kutominen)\nJaana Javanainen 24 vuotta (koodaus, kalliokiipeily, lukeminen)</p></sample-output><p>Harrastukset tulee luetella samassa järjestyksessä kuin ne on annettu JSON-tiedostossa.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"netissa-olevan-tiedoston-hakeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Netissä olevan tiedoston hakeminen<a href=\"#netissa-olevan-tiedoston-hakeminen\" aria-label=\"netissa olevan tiedoston hakeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin standardikirjaston funktion <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.request.html#urllib.request.urlopen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urllib.request.urlopen</a> avulla on helppo hakea internetistä sisältöä ohjelmista käsin.</p><p>Esim. seuraava koodi tulostaa Helsingin yliopiston etusivun sisällön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n\npyynto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>urlopen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"https://helsinki.fi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pyynto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>read<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ihmisille tarkoitetut sivut tosin eivät tulostu kovin selkeinä, mutta internetissä on myös runsaasti koneluettavaa dataa, joka on usein JSON-muodossa.</p><programming-exercise name='Kurssien tilastot' tmcname='osa07-13_kurssistatistiikka'><h4 id=\"tieto-kursseista\" style=\"position:relative;\">tieto kursseista<a href=\"#tieto-kursseista\" aria-label=\"tieto kursseista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Osoitteesta <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses</a> löytyy JSON-muodossa muutaman laitoksen verkkokurssin perustiedot.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kaikki()</code> joka hakee ja palauttaa kaikkien menossa olevien kurssien (kentän <code class=\"language-text\">enabled</code> arvona <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>) tiedot listana tupleja. Paluuarvon muoto on seuraava:</p><sample-output><pre>\n[\n    ('Full Stack Open 2020', 'ofs2019', 2020, 201),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2019', 'docker2019', 2019, 36),\n    ('DevOps with Docker 2020', 'docker2020', 2020, 36),\n    ('Beta DevOps with Kubernetes', 'beta-dwk-20', 2020, 28)\n]\n</pre></sample-output><p>Jokainen tuple siis sisältää seuraavat arvot:</p><ul>\n<li>kurssin koko nimi (<code class=\"language-text\">fullName</code>)</li>\n<li>nimi (<code class=\"language-text\">name</code>)</li>\n<li>vuosi (<code class=\"language-text\">year</code>)</li>\n<li>harjoitusten (<code class=\"language-text\">exercises</code>) yhteenlaskettu määrä</li>\n</ul><p><em>Huom</em>: Tämän tehtävän testien toimivuuden osalta on oleellista, että haet tiedot funktiolla <code class=\"language-text\">urllib.request.urlopen</code>.</p><p><em>Huom2:</em> Testeissä käytetään myös ovelaa kikkaa, joka hieman muuttaa internetistä tulevaa dataa ja tämän avulla varmistaa, että et huijaa tehtävässäsi palauttamalla \"kovakoodattua\" dataa.</p><p><em>Huom3:</em> Jotkut Mac-käyttäjät ovat törmänneet tehtävässä seuraavaan ongelmaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\">File <span class=\"token string\">\"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\"</span>, line <span class=\"token number\">1353</span>, <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> do_open\n    raise URLError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>err<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nurllib.error.URLError: <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span>urlopen error <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> certificate verify failed: unable to get <span class=\"token builtin class-name\">local</span> issuer certificate <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>_ssl.c:1124<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span></code></pre></div><p>Ongelman ratkaisutapa riippuu siitä miten python on asennettu koneellesi. Joissain tapauksissa toimii seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"sh\"><pre class=\"language-sh\"><code class=\"language-sh\"><span class=\"token builtin class-name\">cd</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"/Applications/Python 3.8/\"</span>\n<span class=\"token function\">sudo</span> \"./Install Certificates.command</code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että cd-komennon polku riippuu käyttämästäsi Pythonin versiosta. Se voi olla myös \"/Applications/Python 3.8/\".</p><p><a href=\"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27835619/urllib-and-ssl-certificate-verify-failed-error\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Täällä</a> on ehdotettu useita erilaisia ratkaisuja ongelmaan.</p><p>Eräs kikka jota voit kokeilla, on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> ssl <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää tämä kirjasto importeihin</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_kaikki</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja tämä rivi funktioiden alkuun</span>\n    context <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> ssl<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>_create_unverified_context<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Toinen tapa kiertää ongelma on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> certifi <span class=\"token comment\"># lisää tämä kirjasto importeihin</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> json\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_kaikki</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n   osoite <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses\"</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># lisätään kutsuun toinen parametri</span>\n   pyynto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> urllib<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>request<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>urlopen<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osoite<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> cafile<span class=\"token operator\">=</span>certifi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>where<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n   <span class=\"token comment\"># muu koodi</span></code></pre></div><h4 id=\"yhden-kurssin-tiedot\" style=\"position:relative;\">yhden kurssin tiedot<a href=\"#yhden-kurssin-tiedot\" aria-label=\"yhden kurssin tiedot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h4><p>Kunkin kurssin JSON-muotoinen tehtävästatistiikka löytyy omasta osoitteesta, joka saadaan vaihtamalla kurssin kenttä <code class=\"language-text\">name</code> seuraavassa tähtien paikalle <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/****/stats</a></p><p>Esimerkiksi kurssin <code class=\"language-text\">docker2019</code> tiedot ovat osoitteessa <a href=\"https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats-mock/api/courses/docker2019/stats</a></p><p>Tee ohjelmaasi funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kurssi(kurssi: str)</code>, joka palauttaa kurssin tarkemman tehtävästatistiikan.</p><p>Kun kutsutaan <code class=\"language-text\">hae_kurssi(\"docker2019\")</code>, funktio palauttaa sanakirjan, jonka sisältö on seuraava:</p><sample-output><pre>\n{\n    'viikkoja': 4,\n    'opiskelijoita': 220,\n    'tunteja': 5966,\n    'tunteja_keskimaarin': 27,\n    'tehtavia': 4988,\n    'tehtavia_keskimaarin': 22\n}\n</pre></sample-output><p>Sanakirjaan tallennetut arvot määrittyvät seuraavasti:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">viikkoja</code>: kurssia vastaavan JSON-olioiden määrä</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">opiskelijoita</code> viikkojen opiskelijamäärien maksimi</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tunteja</code>: kakkien viikkojen tuntimäärien (<code class=\"language-text\">hour_total</code>) summa</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tunteja_keskimaarin</code>: edellinen jaettuna opiskelijamäärällä (kokonaislukuna pyöristettynä alaspäin)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tehtavia</code>: kakkien viikkojen tehtävämäärien (<code class=\"language-text\">exercise_total</code>) summa</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tehtavia_keskimaarin</code>: edellinen jaettuna opiskelijamäärällä (kokonaislukuna pyöristettynä alaspäin)</li>\n</ul><p><em>Huom</em>: Samat huomiot pätevät tähän osaan kuin edelliseen!</p><p><em>Huom2</em>: löydät <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">math</a> -moduulista funktion, jonka avulla kokonaisluvun alaspäin pyöristäminen on helppoa</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuka huijasi' tmcname='osa07-14_kuka_huijasi'><p>Tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">tentin_aloitus.csv</code> on tenttien aloitusaikoja muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">tunnus;hh:mm</code>. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">jarmo;09:00</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">timo;18:42</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">kalle;13:23</span></code></pre></div><p>Lisäksi tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">palautus.csv</code> on tehtävien palautusaikoja muodossa <code class=\"language-text\">tunnus;tehtävä;pisteet;hh:mm</code>. Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"csv\"><pre class=\"language-csv\"><code class=\"language-csv\"><span class=\"token value\">jarmo;1;8;16:05</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">timo;2;10;21:22</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">jarmo;2;10;19:15</span>\n<span class=\"token value\">jne...</span></code></pre></div><p>Tehtäväsi on etsiä ne opiskelijat, jotka ovat käyttäneet tenttiin yli 3 tuntia aikaa, eli opiskelijat, joiden <em>jonkin</em> tehtävän palautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloitusajasta. Palautuksia voi siis olla useampi. Voit olettaa, että kaikki ajat ovat saman vuorokauden puolella.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">huijarit()</code>, joka palauttaa listan huijanneiden opiskelijoiden käyttäjätunnuksista.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kuka huijasi, versio 2' tmcname='osa07-15_kuka_huijasi_2'><p>Käytössäsi on edellisessä tehtävässä määritellyt datatiedostot. Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">viralliset_pisteet()</code>, joka palauttaa sanakirjassa (dict) opiskelijoiden koepisteet seuraavien sääntöjen mukaan:</p><ul>\n<li>Jos samaan tehtävänumeroon on tehty useita palautuksia, korkeimman pistemäärän palautus otetaan huomioon</li>\n<li>Jos tehtäväpalautus on tehty yli 3 tuntia tentin aloittamisen jälkeen, palautusta ei huomioida ollenkaan</li>\n</ul><p>Tehtävät on numeroitu 1–8 ja jokaisesta tehtävästä voi saada 0–6 pistettä.</p><p>Palautetussa sanakirjassa tunnus on avain ja tehtävien yhteispistemäärä arvo.</p><p>Vinkki: sisäkkäiset sanakirjat (dict) ovat mainio työkalua tallennettaessa eri opiskelijoiden pisteitä ja aikoja.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"moduulien-etsiminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulien etsiminen<a href=\"#moduulien-etsiminen\" aria-label=\"moduulien etsiminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonin dokumentaatiosta löytyy tietoa kaikista standardikirjaston moduuleista:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://docs.python.org/3/library/</a></li>\n</ul><p>Standardikirjaston lisäksi verkosta löytyy lukuisia vapaasti käytettäviä kirjastoja eri tarpeisiin. Joitakin yleisesti käytettyjä moduuleja on täällä:</p><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://wiki.python.org/moin/UsefulModules</a></li>\n</ul><programming-exercise name='Spellchecker, versio 2' tmcname='osa07-16_spellchecker_versio2'><p>Teemme tässä tehtävässä hieman parannellun version edellisen osan tehtävästä Spellchecker.</p><p>Edellisen osan version tapaan ohjelma pyytää käyttäjää kirjoittamaan rivin englanninkielistä tekstiä. Ohjelma suorittaa tekstille oikeinkirjoitustarkistuksen ja tulostaa saman tekstin siten, että kaikki väärin kirjoitetut sanat on ympäröity tähdillä. <em>Tämän lisäksi ohjelma antaa listan korjausehdotuksia väärin kirjotettuihin sanoihin.</em></p><p>Seuraavassa kaksi käyttöesimerkkiä:</p><sample-output><p>write text: <strong>We use ptython to make a spell checker</strong></p><pre>\nWe use *ptython* to make a spell checker\nkorjausehdotukset:\nptython: python, pythons, typhon\n</pre></sample-output><sample-output><p>write text: <strong>this is acually a good and usefull program</strong></p><pre>\nthis is *acually* a good and *usefull* program\nkorjausehdotukset:\nacually: actually, tactually, factually\nusefull: usefully, useful, museful\n</pre></sample-output><p>Korjausehdotukset etsitään standardikirjaston moduulin <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">difflib</a> tarjoaman funktion <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html#difflib.get_close_matches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">get_close_matches</a> avulla.</p><p><em>Huom</em>: jotta testit toimisivat, käytä funktiota \"oletusasetuksilla\", eli antamalla sille kaksi parametria: virheellinen sana ja lista oikeista sanoista.</p></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"d4423633-73ba-5c8a-9cf8-1bad619354dd\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely","title":"Datan käsittely"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/4-datan-kasittely.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" merkkiapuri"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"poista_erikoismerkit"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tämä on testi, katsotaan miten käy!!!11!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"m2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"mOI KAIKKI!\nMoi k\naikki!\nTämä on testi katsotaan miten käy11"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"17a3c8a1-ea6d-5225-9d7f-3fc699067be2"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"3d4fe376-f6d3-5628-92ca-4d5096764f4f"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda oman moduulin</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">__name__</code> ja sen arvo <code class=\"language-text\">__main__</code> merkitsevät</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Omien moduulien tekeminen on helppoa Pythonissa, koska mikä tahansa Python-koodia sisältävä tiedosto voi toimia moduulina. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme käyttää tässä tiedostossa olevia funktioita toisessa tiedostossa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että moduulin kooditiedoston pitää sijaita joko samassa hakemistossa ohjelman kanssa tai jossakin Pythonin oletushakemistossa, jotta sen voi ottaa käyttöön <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-komennolla.</p><p>Voimme käyttää omaa moduulia samalla periaatteella kuin standardikirjaston moduuleja. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> sanat <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vika_sana\n\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lause: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eka sana oli: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen sana oli: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna lause: <strong>Python on metka ohjelmointikieli</strong>\nEka sana oli: Python\nViimeinen sana oli: ohjelmointikieli</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"hyotya-tyyppivihjeista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyötyä tyyppivihjeistä<a href=\"#hyotya-tyyppivihjeista\" aria-label=\"hyotya tyyppivihjeista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulissa on hyödyllistä, että funktioissa käytetään tyyppivihjeitä. Kun joku muu käyttää moduulia editorilla, joka ymmärtää tyyppivihjeitä, ne helpottavat moduulin käyttämistä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi Visual Studio Code näyttää funktion tyypit näin koodia kirjoittaessa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 519px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 23.91304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAYAAABFA8wzAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsklEQVQY032Q2w6DIBBE+Q4DmpSLilwEtG82sf//T9OwxD7VPpzM7IadJcv6vscdQojbPuec/DAMxOXZv0AuOKy12Pcn1jUh54JSCo7jhfN8I4RI/WmaEeMK7wNY3XRH13Wwcwvctp2ooc55Gq5B4zjBmJF8VWaMglIKWmtIKWGMofrq5ZKRc/7+poZJqfB4SNL2VpOvsBAsvHeIMWJZFqRUh1qdcoILrt1McNLKdbdffADLIo82jUnA7AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/a0b58/7_vihje.webp 230w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/bc10c/7_vihje.webp 460w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/ad2dd/7_vihje.webp 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/81c8e/7_vihje.png 230w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/08a84/7_vihje.png 460w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png\" alt=\"7 vihje\" title=\"7 vihje\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"moduulin-paatason-koodi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin päätason koodi<a href=\"#moduulin-paatason-koodi\" aria-label=\"moduulin paatason koodi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos moduulissa on päätason koodia, joka ei ole funktion sisällä, koodi suoritetaan automaattisesti, kun moduuli otetaan mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-komennolla toisessa tiedostossa.</p><p>Oletetaan, että <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.py</code>-tiedostoon on kirjoitettu muutama testitapaus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testeistä toinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yks kaks kolme neljä viisi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun moduuli otetaan nyt käyttöön <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella, suoritetaan automaattisesti myös moduulissa funktioiden ulkopuolella oleva koodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä\ntoinen\n5\nVesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><p>Tämä ei ole hyvä, koska moduulin käyttäjän ohjelmaa sotkee moduulissa oleva testitulostus.</p><p>Pythonista löytyy onneksi ratkaisu pulmaan. Ohjelmassa on mahdollista testata, suoritetaanko ohjelmaa itseään vai onko ohjelma otettu käyttöön moduulina <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella. Tämä onnistuu muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">__name__</code> avulla. Python tallentaa muuttujaan tiedon suoritettavasta ohjelmasta: jos ohjelmaa suoritetaan sellaisenaan, muuttujan arvo on merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">__main__</code>. Jos ohjelma on tuotu osaksi jotain toista ohjelmaa, muuttujan arvona on suoritettavan ohjelman nimi (eli tässä tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">sanat</code>).</p><p>Moduuliin voidaan siis lisätä edellistä tietoa hyödyntäen ehtolause, jonka avulla testikoodi suoritetaan ainoastaan silloin, kun ohjelma ajetaan omana itsenään eikä toisen ohjelman osaksi tuotuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan funktioiden toimintaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testeistä toinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_lkm<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yks kaks kolme neljä viisi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt moduulin itsensä suorittaminen suorittaa testikutsut:</p><sample-output><p>Tämä\ntoinen\n5</p></sample-output><p>Kun moduuli sen sijaan tuodaan osaksi jotain muuta ohjelmaa, testejä ei suoriteta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Merkkiapuri' tmcname='osa07-17_merkkiapuri'><p>Tee moduuli <code class=\"language-text\">merkkiapuri</code>, joka sisältää seuraavat funktiot:</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaihda_koko(merkkijono: str)</code> saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. Funktio luo ja palauttaa uuden merkkijonon, jossa alkuperäisen merkkijonon pienet kirjaimet on muutettu isoiksi kirjaimiksi ja päinvastoin.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">puolita(merkkijono: str)</code> palauttaa tuplessa parametrinaan saamansa merkkijonon ensimmäisen ja toisen puolikkaan. Jos merkkijonossa on pariton määrä kirjaimia, ensimmäinen puolikas on lyhyempi.</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">poista_erikoismerkit(merkkijono: str)</code> palauttaa merkkijonon, josta on poistettu kaikki muut merkit paitsi aakkoset [a...ö, A...Ö], numerot ja välilyönnit.</p><p>Esimerkkejä moduulin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> merkkiapuri\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkiapuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vaihda_koko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\np1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> p2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkkiapuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puolita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>p2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nm2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkkiapuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>poista_erikoismerkit<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi, katsotaan miten käy!!!11!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>m2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>mOI KAIKKI!\nMoi k\naikki!\nTämä on testi katsotaan miten käy11</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><div><quiz id=\"17a3c8a1-ea6d-5225-9d7f-3fc699067be2\"></quiz></div><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"3d4fe376-f6d3-5628-92ca-4d5096764f4f\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/5-omat-moduulit","title":"Oman moduulin tekeminen"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/5-omat-moduulit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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käy!!!11!\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"m2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"mOI KAIKKI!\nMoi k\naikki!\nTämä on testi katsotaan miten käy11"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"17a3c8a1-ea6d-5225-9d7f-3fc699067be2"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"3d4fe376-f6d3-5628-92ca-4d5096764f4f"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda oman moduulin</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä Pythonin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">__name__</code> ja sen arvo <code class=\"language-text\">__main__</code> merkitsevät</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Omien moduulien tekeminen on helppoa Pythonissa, koska mikä tahansa Python-koodia sisältävä tiedosto voi toimia moduulina. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä seuraavaa tiedostoa <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Voimme käyttää tässä tiedostossa olevia funktioita toisessa tiedostossa seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että moduulin kooditiedoston pitää sijaita joko samassa hakemistossa ohjelman kanssa tai jossakin Pythonin oletushakemistossa, jotta sen voi ottaa käyttöön <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-komennolla.</p><p>Voimme käyttää omaa moduulia samalla periaatteella kuin standardikirjaston moduuleja. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> sanat <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vika_sana\n\nlause <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">input</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Anna lause: \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eka sana oli: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viimeinen sana oli: \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lause<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Anna lause: <strong>Python on metka ohjelmointikieli</strong>\nEka sana oli: Python\nViimeinen sana oli: ohjelmointikieli</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"hyotya-tyyppivihjeista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hyötyä tyyppivihjeistä<a href=\"#hyotya-tyyppivihjeista\" aria-label=\"hyotya tyyppivihjeista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Moduulissa on hyödyllistä, että funktioissa käytetään tyyppivihjeitä. Kun joku muu käyttää moduulia editorilla, joka ymmärtää tyyppivihjeitä, ne helpottavat moduulin käyttämistä.</p><p>Esimerkiksi Visual Studio Code näyttää funktion tyypit näin koodia kirjoittaessa:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 519px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 23.91304347826087%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAFCAYAAABFA8wzAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsklEQVQY032Q2w6DIBBE+Q4DmpSLilwEtG82sf//T9OwxD7VPpzM7IadJcv6vscdQojbPuec/DAMxOXZv0AuOKy12Pcn1jUh54JSCo7jhfN8I4RI/WmaEeMK7wNY3XRH13Wwcwvctp2ooc55Gq5B4zjBmJF8VWaMglIKWmtIKWGMofrq5ZKRc/7+poZJqfB4SNL2VpOvsBAsvHeIMWJZFqRUh1qdcoILrt1McNLKdbdffADLIo82jUnA7AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/a0b58/7_vihje.webp 230w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/bc10c/7_vihje.webp 460w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/ad2dd/7_vihje.webp 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/81c8e/7_vihje.png 230w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/08a84/7_vihje.png 460w,\n/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/7772b5ee03bb1ca30f17560902916121/b23ad/7_vihje.png\" alt=\"7 vihje\" title=\"7 vihje\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"moduulin-paatason-koodi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Moduulin päätason koodi<a href=\"#moduulin-paatason-koodi\" aria-label=\"moduulin paatason koodi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos moduulissa on päätason koodia, joka ei ole funktion sisällä, koodi suoritetaan automaattisesti, kun moduuli otetaan mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-komennolla toisessa tiedostossa.</p><p>Oletetaan, että <code class=\"language-text\">sanat.py</code>-tiedostoon on kirjoitettu muutama testitapaus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testeistä toinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yks kaks kolme neljä viisi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun moduuli otetaan nyt käyttöön <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella, suoritetaan automaattisesti myös moduulissa funktioiden ulkopuolella oleva koodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä\ntoinen\n5\nVesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><p>Tämä ei ole hyvä, koska moduulin käyttäjän ohjelmaa sotkee moduulissa oleva testitulostus.</p><p>Pythonista löytyy onneksi ratkaisu pulmaan. Ohjelmassa on mahdollista testata, suoritetaanko ohjelmaa itseään vai onko ohjelma otettu käyttöön moduulina <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella. Tämä onnistuu muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">__name__</code> avulla. Python tallentaa muuttujaan tiedon suoritettavasta ohjelmasta: jos ohjelmaa suoritetaan sellaisenaan, muuttujan arvo on merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">__main__</code>. Jos ohjelma on tuotu osaksi jotain toista ohjelmaa, muuttujan arvona on suoritettavan ohjelman nimi (eli tässä tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">sanat</code>).</p><p>Moduuliin voidaan siis lisätä edellistä tietoa hyödyntäen ehtolause, jonka avulla testikoodi suoritetaan ainoastaan silloin, kun ohjelma ajetaan omana itsenään eikä toisen ohjelman osaksi tuotuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">eka_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vika_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sanojen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    osat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>osat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Testataan funktioiden toimintaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on testeistä toinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanojen_lkm<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yks kaks kolme neljä viisi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt moduulin itsensä suorittaminen suorittaa testikutsut:</p><sample-output><p>Tämä\ntoinen\n5</p></sample-output><p>Kun moduuli sen sijaan tuodaan osaksi jotain muuta ohjelmaa, testejä ei suoriteta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> sanat\n\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vesihiisi sihisi hississä\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>eka_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vika_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mjono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vesihiisi\nhississä\n3</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Merkkiapuri' tmcname='osa07-17_merkkiapuri'><p>Tee moduuli <code class=\"language-text\">merkkiapuri</code>, joka sisältää seuraavat funktiot:</p><p>Funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vaihda_koko(merkkijono: str)</code> saa parametrikseen merkkijonon. 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A 1\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nohjelma4"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"append"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"IF A <= N JUMP alku\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntulos "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" suorita"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"ohjelma4"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulos"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47]"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa kurssin lopuksi loppukyselyyn. Kyselyn tuloksia käytetään kurssimateriaalin kehittämiseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"edb3d4c4-6ceb-5ef6-8f03-370aa11fa4bb"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät lisää Pythonin ominaisuuksia</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän lukuun on koottu vielä joukko erinäisiä hyödyllisiä Pythoniin liittyviä ominaisuuksia.</p><h2 id=\"yhden-rivin-ehto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Yhden rivin ehto<a href=\"#yhden-rivin-ehto\" aria-label=\"yhden rivin ehto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavat koodit toimivat samalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"parillinen\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jälkimmäisessä koodissa on yhden rivin ehto muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">a if [ehto] else b</code>. Tällaisen lausekkeen arvo on <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>, jos ehto pätee, ja muuten <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.</p><p>Sama rakenne on joskus hyödyllinen kun tehdään ehdollinen sijoituslause. Esimerkiksi jos haluaisimme joko kasvattaa muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> tai nollata sen riippuen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> arvon parillisuudesta, sen sijaan että kirjoittaisimme</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>sama voitaisiin tehdä yhden rivin ehdolla seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tyhja-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyhjä komento<a href=\"#tyhja-komento\" aria-label=\"tyhja komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code> ei tee mitään. Voimme tehdä sen avulla esimerkiksi funktion <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code>, joka ei tee mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että lohko ei voi olla tyhjä eli seuraava koodi ei toimisi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"silmukan-else-osa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukan else-osa<a href=\"#silmukan-else-osa\" aria-label=\"silmukan else osa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kiinnostava Pythonin ominaisuus on, että ehtolauseen lisäksi myös silmukassa voi olla else-osa. Tämä osa suoritetaan, jos silmukka pääsee loppuun.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi etsii listalta parillista lukua. Jos sellainen löytyy, koodi tulostaa luvun ja silmukka päättyy. Kuitenkin jos lukua ei löytynyt, tästä tulee ilmoitus lopuksi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"löytyi parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ei löytynyt parillista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Perinteinen tapa tehdä tällainen silmukka olisi käyttää apumuuttujaa, joka muistaa, löytyikö haluttua asiaa silmukan aikana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nloytyi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"löytyi parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        loytyi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> loytyi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ei löytynyt parillista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuitenkin silmukan else-osan avulla vältymme muuttujan tekemiseltä.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-oletusparametri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion oletusparametri<a href=\"#funktion-oletusparametri\" aria-label=\"funktion oletusparametri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktion parametrilla voi olla oletusarvo, joka tulee käyttöön silloin, jos parametria ei anneta. Näin on esimerkiksi seuraavassa funktiossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Erkki\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muuttuva-maara-parametreja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttuva määrä parametreja<a href=\"#muuttuva-maara-parametreja\" aria-label=\"muuttuva maara parametreja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla voi olla myös muuttuva määrä parametreja, mikä merkitään laittamalla tähti parametrin eteen. Tällöin kaikki loput parametrit kasautuvat listaksi tähän parametriin.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio kertoo parametrien määrän ja summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Annoit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"parametria\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Niiden summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Annoit 5 parametria\nNiiden summa on 15</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Oma ohjelmointikieli' tmcname='osa07-18_oma_ohjelmointikieli'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan oman ohjelmointikielen suorittaja. Voit käyttää tehtävässä kaikkia kurssilla oppimiasi taitoja.</p><p>Ohjelma muodostuu riveistä, joista jokainen on yksi seuraavista:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">PRINT [arvo]</code>: tulostaa annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">MOV [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: asettaa muuttujaan annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">ADD [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: lisää muuttujaan annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">SUB [muuttuja] [arvo}</code>: vähentää muuttujasta annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">MUL [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: kertoo muuttujan annetulla arvolla</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">[kohta]:</code>: määrittelee kohdan, johon voidaan hypätä muualta</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">JUMP [kohta]</code>: hyppää annettuun kohtaan</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">IF [ehto] JUMP [kohta]</code>: jos ehto pätee, hyppää annettuun kohtaan</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">END</code>: lopettaa ohjelman</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelmaa suoritetaan rivi kerrallaan ensimmäisestä rivistä aloittaen. Ohjelma päättyy, kun vastaan tulee komento <code class=\"language-text\">END</code> tai suoritus menee ohjelman viimeisen rivin yli.</p><p>Jokaisessa ohjelmassa on 26 muuttujaa, joiden nimet ovat <code class=\"language-text\">A</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">Z</code>. Jokaisen muuttujan arvo on 0 ohjelman alussa. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[muuttuja]</code> viittaa tällaiseen muuttujaan.</p><p>Kaikki ohjelman käsittelemät arvot ovat kokonaislukuja. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[arvo]</code> viittaa joko muuttujaan tai kokonaislukuna annettuun arvoon.</p><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[kohta]</code> on mikä tahansa kohdan nimi, joka muodostuu pienistä kirjaimista <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">z</code> sekä numeroista <code class=\"language-text\">0</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">9</code>. Kahdella kohdalla ei saa olla samaa nimeä.</p><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[ehto]</code> tarkoittaa ehtoa muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">[arvo] [vertailu] [arvo]</code>. Tässä <code class=\"language-text\">[vertailu]</code> on aina yksi seuraavista: <code class=\"language-text\">==</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">!=</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">></code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">>=</code>.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suorita(ohjelma)</code>, jolle annetaan ohjelma listana. Jokainen listan alkio on yksi ohjelman rivi. Funktion tulee palauttaa listana kaikki <code class=\"language-text\">PRINT</code>-komentojen tulokset ohjelman suorituksen aikana.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että funktiolle annettu ohjelma on oikeanmuotoinen, eli funktion ei tarvitse toteuttaa virheenkäsittelyä.</p><p>Tehtävästä on saatavilla kaksi pistettä: saat yhden pisteen, jos komennot <code class=\"language-text\">PRINT</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">MOV</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ADD</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">SUB</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">MUL</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">END</code> toimivat, ja vielä toisen pisteen, jos myös loput silmukoihin liittyvät komennot toimivat.</p><p>Esimerkki 1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 2:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF A >= B JUMP loppu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"SUB B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"loppu:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 10, 2, 9, 3, 8, 4, 7, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 3 (kertoma):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MUL A B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF B &lt;= 10 JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880, 3628800]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 4 (alkuluvut):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV N 50\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV Z 0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"testi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV C B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF C == A JUMP virhe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF C > A JUMP ohi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD C B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP uusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"virhe:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV Z 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP ohi2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF B &lt; A JUMP testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF Z == 1 JUMP ohi3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi3:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF A &lt;= N JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa kurssin lopuksi loppukyselyyn. Kyselyn tuloksia käytetään kurssimateriaalin kehittämiseen.</p><div><quiz id=\"edb3d4c4-6ceb-5ef6-8f03-370aa11fa4bb\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/6-lisaa-pythonista","title":"Lisää Pythonista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/6-lisaa-pythonista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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47]"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa kurssin lopuksi loppukyselyyn. Kyselyn tuloksia käytetään kurssimateriaalin kehittämiseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"edb3d4c4-6ceb-5ef6-8f03-370aa11fa4bb"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät lisää Pythonin ominaisuuksia</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tähän lukuun on koottu vielä joukko erinäisiä hyödyllisiä Pythoniin liittyviä ominaisuuksia.</p><h2 id=\"yhden-rivin-ehto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Yhden rivin ehto<a href=\"#yhden-rivin-ehto\" aria-label=\"yhden rivin ehto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraavat koodit toimivat samalla tavalla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"parillinen\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pariton\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jälkimmäisessä koodissa on yhden rivin ehto muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">a if [ehto] else b</code>. Tällaisen lausekkeen arvo on <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>, jos ehto pätee, ja muuten <code class=\"language-text\">b</code>.</p><p>Sama rakenne on joskus hyödyllinen kun tehdään ehdollinen sijoituslause. Esimerkiksi jos haluaisimme joko kasvattaa muuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">y</code> tai nollata sen riippuen muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">x</code> arvon parillisuudesta, sen sijaan että kirjoittaisimme</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>sama voitaisiin tehdä yhden rivin ehdolla seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"tyhja-komento\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tyhjä komento<a href=\"#tyhja-komento\" aria-label=\"tyhja komento permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Komento <code class=\"language-text\">pass</code> ei tee mitään. Voimme tehdä sen avulla esimerkiksi funktion <code class=\"language-text\">testi</code>, joka ei tee mitään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Huomaa, että lohko ei voi olla tyhjä eli seuraava koodi ei toimisi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"silmukan-else-osa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Silmukan else-osa<a href=\"#silmukan-else-osa\" aria-label=\"silmukan else osa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kiinnostava Pythonin ominaisuus on, että ehtolauseen lisäksi myös silmukassa voi olla else-osa. Tämä osa suoritetaan, jos silmukka pääsee loppuun.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi etsii listalta parillista lukua. Jos sellainen löytyy, koodi tulostaa luvun ja silmukka päättyy. Kuitenkin jos lukua ei löytynyt, tästä tulee ilmoitus lopuksi.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"löytyi parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ei löytynyt parillista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Perinteinen tapa tehdä tällainen silmukka olisi käyttää apumuuttujaa, joka muistaa, löytyikö haluttua asiaa silmukan aikana:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nloytyi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> x <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> x<span class=\"token operator\">%</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"löytyi parillinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        loytyi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">break</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> loytyi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ei löytynyt parillista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kuitenkin silmukan else-osan avulla vältymme muuttujan tekemiseltä.</p><h2 id=\"funktion-oletusparametri\" style=\"position:relative;\">Funktion oletusparametri<a href=\"#funktion-oletusparametri\" aria-label=\"funktion oletusparametri permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktion parametrilla voi olla oletusarvo, joka tulee käyttöön silloin, jos parametria ei anneta. Näin on esimerkiksi seuraavassa funktiossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tervehdi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Moikka,\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntervehdi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Moikka, Emilia\nMoikka, Erkki\nMoikka, Matti</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"muuttuva-maara-parametreja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Muuttuva määrä parametreja<a href=\"#muuttuva-maara-parametreja\" aria-label=\"muuttuva maara parametreja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktiolla voi olla myös muuttuva määrä parametreja, mikä merkitään laittamalla tähti parametrin eteen. Tällöin kaikki loput parametrit kasautuvat listaksi tähän parametriin.</p><p>Esimerkiksi seuraava funktio kertoo parametrien määrän ja summan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">testi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">*</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Annoit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"parametria\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Niiden summa on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sum</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Annoit 5 parametria\nNiiden summa on 15</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Oma ohjelmointikieli' tmcname='osa07-18_oma_ohjelmointikieli'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan oman ohjelmointikielen suorittaja. Voit käyttää tehtävässä kaikkia kurssilla oppimiasi taitoja.</p><p>Ohjelma muodostuu riveistä, joista jokainen on yksi seuraavista:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">PRINT [arvo]</code>: tulostaa annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">MOV [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: asettaa muuttujaan annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">ADD [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: lisää muuttujaan annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">SUB [muuttuja] [arvo}</code>: vähentää muuttujasta annetun arvon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">MUL [muuttuja] [arvo]</code>: kertoo muuttujan annetulla arvolla</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">[kohta]:</code>: määrittelee kohdan, johon voidaan hypätä muualta</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">JUMP [kohta]</code>: hyppää annettuun kohtaan</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">IF [ehto] JUMP [kohta]</code>: jos ehto pätee, hyppää annettuun kohtaan</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">END</code>: lopettaa ohjelman</li>\n</ul><p>Ohjelmaa suoritetaan rivi kerrallaan ensimmäisestä rivistä aloittaen. Ohjelma päättyy, kun vastaan tulee komento <code class=\"language-text\">END</code> tai suoritus menee ohjelman viimeisen rivin yli.</p><p>Jokaisessa ohjelmassa on 26 muuttujaa, joiden nimet ovat <code class=\"language-text\">A</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">Z</code>. Jokaisen muuttujan arvo on 0 ohjelman alussa. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[muuttuja]</code> viittaa tällaiseen muuttujaan.</p><p>Kaikki ohjelman käsittelemät arvot ovat kokonaislukuja. Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[arvo]</code> viittaa joko muuttujaan tai kokonaislukuna annettuun arvoon.</p><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[kohta]</code> on mikä tahansa kohdan nimi, joka muodostuu pienistä kirjaimista <code class=\"language-text\">a</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">z</code> sekä numeroista <code class=\"language-text\">0</code>...<code class=\"language-text\">9</code>. Kahdella kohdalla ei saa olla samaa nimeä.</p><p>Merkintä <code class=\"language-text\">[ehto]</code> tarkoittaa ehtoa muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">[arvo] [vertailu] [arvo]</code>. Tässä <code class=\"language-text\">[vertailu]</code> on aina yksi seuraavista: <code class=\"language-text\">==</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">!=</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">&lt;=</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">></code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">>=</code>.</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">suorita(ohjelma)</code>, jolle annetaan ohjelma listana. Jokainen listan alkio on yksi ohjelman rivi. Funktion tulee palauttaa listana kaikki <code class=\"language-text\">PRINT</code>-komentojen tulokset ohjelman suorituksen aikana.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että funktiolle annettu ohjelma on oikeanmuotoinen, eli funktion ei tarvitse toteuttaa virheenkäsittelyä.</p><p>Tehtävästä on saatavilla kaksi pistettä: saat yhden pisteen, jos komennot <code class=\"language-text\">PRINT</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">MOV</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">ADD</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">SUB</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">MUL</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">END</code> toimivat, ja vielä toisen pisteen, jos myös loput silmukoihin liittyvät komennot toimivat.</p><p>Esimerkki 1:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 2:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 10\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF A >= B JUMP loppu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"SUB B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"loppu:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 10, 2, 9, 3, 8, 4, 7, 5, 6]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 3 (kertoma):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MUL A B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF B &lt;= 10 JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"END\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880, 3628800]</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkki 4 (alkuluvut):</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ohjelma4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV N 50\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV A 3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"alku:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV B 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV Z 0\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"testi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV C B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"uusi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF C == A JUMP virhe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF C > A JUMP ohi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD C B\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP uusi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"virhe:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"MOV Z 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"JUMP ohi2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD B 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF B &lt; A JUMP testi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi2:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF Z == 1 JUMP ohi3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"PRINT A\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ohi3:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ADD A 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"IF A &lt;= N JUMP alku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohjelma4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa kurssin lopuksi loppukyselyyn. Kyselyn tuloksia käytetään kurssimateriaalin kehittämiseen.</p><div><quiz id=\"edb3d4c4-6ceb-5ef6-8f03-370aa11fa4bb\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-7/6-lisaa-pythonista","title":"Lisää Pythonista"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-7/6-lisaa-pythonista.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Funktion palautusarvona on sanakirjaolio."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Voit olettaa, että vain yhdellä henkilöllä on pienin keskiarvo."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"henkilo1 "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" 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henkilo2"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" henkilo3"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"{'nimi': 'Veijo', 'tulos1': 3, 'tulos2': 1, 'tulos3': 1}"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Rivien summat","tmcname":"osa08-02_rivien_summmat "},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Listan alkioiden arvot ovat viittauksia olioihin. Tämä pätee myös silloin, kun mallinnetaan matriisia: jokainen päälistan alkion arvo on viittaus toiseen listaan (jonka alkiot taas ovat viittauksia arvoihin)."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"rivien_summat(matriisi: list)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen kokonaislukuja sisältävän matriisin."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Funktio lisää jokaiselle matriisin riville uuden alkion, jonka arvo on rivin alkioiden summa. Funktio ei palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa matriisia."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"matriisi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"["}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"]"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nrivien_summat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"matriisi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"matriisi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"[[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 7]]"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan oliolla</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoitetaan olioiden itsenäisyydellä</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa ja käsitellä olioita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tämä on Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin ensimmäinen osa, ja kurssilla käytetään VS Codea samaan tapaan kuin Ohjelmoinnin perusteissa. Jos et ole käyttänyt ennen VS Codea, löydät <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tästä</a> ohjeet ympäristön asentamiseen.</p><p>Jatkokurssi ja peruskurssi ovat TMC:ssä yhtenä kurssina. Jos lopetit juuri peruskurssin tekemisen, jatkokurssin tehtävät löytyvät samasta kurssista. Tämän jatkokurssin ensimmäisen osan numero on <strong>Osa 8</strong>. Mikäli et ole tehnyt tähän jatkokurssin liittyvää peruskurssia, valitse TMC-pluginissa organisaatioksi <strong>MOOC</strong> ja kurssiksi <strong>Ohjelmoinnin MOOC 2023</strong> ja aloita kurssin tekeminen osasta 8.</p><p>Kuten kurssin ensimmäisen puolikkaan aikana huomattiin, on usein hyödyllistä yhdistää samaan asiaan liittyvät tiedot yhdeksi kokonaisuudeksi. Esimerkiksi kirjaa on kätevä mallintaa vaikkapa tuplen tai sanakirjan avulla, kun kaikki kirjaan liittyvät tiedot voidaan tallentaa samaan rakenteeseen.</p><p>Tuplea käyttämällä esimerkki voisi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nuoruuteni näppäilyt\"</span>\nkirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1992</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yhdistetään yhdeksi tupleksi</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kirjan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjassa on tässä yhteydessä se etu, että avaimina voidaan käyttää merkkijonoja kokonaislukujen sijasta. Näin ollen alkioille voidaan antaa niiden sisältöä kuvaavat nimet:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nuoruuteni näppäilyt\"</span>\nkirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1992</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yhdistetään yhdeksi sanakirjaksi</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kirjan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Molemmissa tapauksissa tietojen tallentaminen tietorakenteeseen muodostaa <em>olion</em>. Olio on itsenäinen kokonaisuus, joka sisältää (tässä tapauksessa) toisiinsa liittyvää tietoa. Itsenäisyys tarkoittaa sitä, että olioon tehdyt muutokset eivät vaikuta muihin olioihin.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi muodostetaan sanakirjaa käyttäen kaksi kirjaoliota, ensimmäiseen kirjaan tehdyt muutokset eivät vaikuta toiseen kirjaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nkirja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Seitsemän Pythonia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Aleksis Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1894</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jäähyväiset aaseille\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhus ja Python\nSeitsemän Pythonia\nJäähyväiset aaseille\nSeitsemän Pythonia</p></sample-output><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 341px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 45.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/a0b58/8_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/5af35/8_1_1.webp 341w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/81c8e/8_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png 341w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png\" alt=\"8 1 1\" title=\"8 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><text-box variant=\"info\" name=\"Oliot Pythonissa\"><p>Kuten kurssin ensimmäisen puolikkaan aikana kerrottiin, Pythonissa kaikki arvot ovat itse asiassa olioita. Tämä tarkoittaa, että muuttujan arvo on <em>viittaus olioon</em>, ja varsinainen tieto on tallennettu olioon. Kun esimerkiksi alustetaan muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">a = 3</code>, ei muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> arvo ole 3 vaan <em>viittaus olioon, jonka sisältö on arvo 3</em>.</p><p>Useimmissa muissa ohjelmointikielissä on olioiden lisäksi ns. perustyyppisiä arvoja (esimerkiksi kokonais- ja liukuluvut sekä totuusarvot), jotka tallennetaan sellaisenaan muuttujiin. Pythonissakin perustyyppiset oliot (kuten vaikkapa luvut, totuusarvot tai merkkijonot) ovat kuitenkin muuttumattomia eli <em>mutatoitumattomia</em>. Ohjelmoijan kannalta niiden käyttö ei siis käytännössä eroa perustyyppisistä arvoista.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"oliot-ja-metodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot ja metodit<a href=\"#oliot-ja-metodit\" aria-label=\"oliot ja metodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olioiden tietosisältöä voidaaan havainnoida ja muuttaa <em>metodien</em> avulla. Metodi on funktio, jonka toiminta kohdistuu annettuun olioon. Metodin erottaa muista funktioista tapa, jolla sitä kutsutaan: ensin kirjoitetaan kohdeolio ja sen perään kutsuttava metodi pisteellä erotettuna. Esimerkiksi sanakirja-olion kaikki arvot voidaan palauttaa metodin <code class=\"language-text\">values</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muodostetaan sanakirjatyyppinen kirjaolio</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikki arvot</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Metodikutsu values() kirjoitetaan muuttujan perään</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pisteellä erotettuna</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>values<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhus ja Python\nErnest Pythonen\n1952</p></sample-output><p>Samalla tavalla merkkijonometodit kohdistuvat siihen merkkijonoon, jonka kautta niitä kutsutaan. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon metodeja ovat <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">find</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Keksitty\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan K-kirjaimien määrä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"K\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># K-kirjaimien määrä toisessa jonossa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Karkkilan Kolisevat Karjut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"K\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Osajonon Keksitty indeksi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keksitty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tästä merkkijonosta osajonoa ei löydy</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ihan eri jono\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keksitty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3\n6\n-1</p></sample-output><p>Merkkijonometodit palauttavat arvoja, mutta niiden avulla ei voida muuttaa merkkijonoa. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi lista-olion metodien avulla voidaan muuttaa listan sisältöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään pari alkiota</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Poistetaan alkio alusta</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 5, 1]\n[2, 3, 5, 1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Pienin keskiarvo' tmcname='osa08-01_pienin_keskiarvo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pienin_keskiarvo(henkilo1: dict, henkilo2: dict, henkilo3: dict)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kolme sanakirjaoliota.</p><p>Jokaisessa sanakirjaoliossa on alkiot, joihin viittaavat nämä avaimet:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"nimi\"</code>: kilpailijan nimi</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos1\"</code>: kilpailijan ensimmäinen tulos (kokonaisluku väliltä 1...10)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos2\"</code>: kilpailijan toinen tulos (kuten yllä)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos3\"</code>: kilpailijan kolmas tulos (kuten yllä)</li>\n</ul><p>Funktio laskee kaikkien kilpailijoiden tulosten keskiarvot ja palauttaa sen kilpailijan, jonka keskiarvo on pienin. Funktion palautusarvona on sanakirjaolio.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että vain yhdellä henkilöllä on pienin keskiarvo.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Veijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin_keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'nimi': 'Veijo', 'tulos1': 3, 'tulos2': 1, 'tulos3': 1}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Rivien summat' tmcname='osa08-02_rivien_summmat '><p>Listan alkioiden arvot ovat viittauksia olioihin. Tämä pätee myös silloin, kun mallinnetaan matriisia: jokainen päälistan alkion arvo on viittaus toiseen listaan (jonka alkiot taas ovat viittauksia arvoihin).</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivien_summat(matriisi: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kokonaislukuja sisältävän matriisin.</p><p>Funktio lisää jokaiselle matriisin riville uuden alkion, jonka arvo on rivin alkioiden summa. Funktio ei palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa matriisia.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nrivien_summat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 7]]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/1-oliot-ja-metodit","title":"Oliot ja metodit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/1-oliot-ja-metodit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Jos et ole käyttänyt ennen VS Codea, löydät <a href=\"https://www.mooc.fi/fi/installation/vscode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tästä</a> ohjeet ympäristön asentamiseen.</p><p>Jatkokurssi ja peruskurssi ovat TMC:ssä yhtenä kurssina. Jos lopetit juuri peruskurssin tekemisen, jatkokurssin tehtävät löytyvät samasta kurssista. Tämän jatkokurssin ensimmäisen osan numero on <strong>Osa 8</strong>. Mikäli et ole tehnyt tähän jatkokurssin liittyvää peruskurssia, valitse TMC-pluginissa organisaatioksi <strong>MOOC</strong> ja kurssiksi <strong>Ohjelmoinnin MOOC 2023</strong> ja aloita kurssin tekeminen osasta 8.</p><p>Kuten kurssin ensimmäisen puolikkaan aikana huomattiin, on usein hyödyllistä yhdistää samaan asiaan liittyvät tiedot yhdeksi kokonaisuudeksi. Esimerkiksi kirjaa on kätevä mallintaa vaikkapa tuplen tai sanakirjan avulla, kun kaikki kirjaan liittyvät tiedot voidaan tallentaa samaan rakenteeseen.</p><p>Tuplea käyttämällä esimerkki voisi näyttää tältä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nuoruuteni näppäilyt\"</span>\nkirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1992</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yhdistetään yhdeksi tupleksi</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kirjan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjassa on tässä yhteydessä se etu, että avaimina voidaan käyttää merkkijonoja kokonaislukujen sijasta. Näin ollen alkioille voidaan antaa niiden sisältöä kuvaavat nimet:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Nuoruuteni näppäilyt\"</span>\nkirjailija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\nvuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1992</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yhdistetään yhdeksi sanakirjaksi</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> kirjailija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kirjan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Molemmissa tapauksissa tietojen tallentaminen tietorakenteeseen muodostaa <em>olion</em>. Olio on itsenäinen kokonaisuus, joka sisältää (tässä tapauksessa) toisiinsa liittyvää tietoa. Itsenäisyys tarkoittaa sitä, että olioon tehdyt muutokset eivät vaikuta muihin olioihin.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi muodostetaan sanakirjaa käyttäen kaksi kirjaoliota, ensimmäiseen kirjaan tehdyt muutokset eivät vaikuta toiseen kirjaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nkirja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Seitsemän Pythonia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Aleksis Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1894</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jäähyväiset aaseille\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhus ja Python\nSeitsemän Pythonia\nJäähyväiset aaseille\nSeitsemän Pythonia</p></sample-output><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 341px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 45.65217391304348%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/a0b58/8_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/5af35/8_1_1.webp 341w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/81c8e/8_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png 341w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/74b678969e8df323e37bea6c8b4fae79/4c0ad/8_1_1.png\" alt=\"8 1 1\" title=\"8 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><text-box variant=\"info\" name=\"Oliot Pythonissa\"><p>Kuten kurssin ensimmäisen puolikkaan aikana kerrottiin, Pythonissa kaikki arvot ovat itse asiassa olioita. Tämä tarkoittaa, että muuttujan arvo on <em>viittaus olioon</em>, ja varsinainen tieto on tallennettu olioon. Kun esimerkiksi alustetaan muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">a = 3</code>, ei muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">a</code> arvo ole 3 vaan <em>viittaus olioon, jonka sisältö on arvo 3</em>.</p><p>Useimmissa muissa ohjelmointikielissä on olioiden lisäksi ns. perustyyppisiä arvoja (esimerkiksi kokonais- ja liukuluvut sekä totuusarvot), jotka tallennetaan sellaisenaan muuttujiin. Pythonissakin perustyyppiset oliot (kuten vaikkapa luvut, totuusarvot tai merkkijonot) ovat kuitenkin muuttumattomia eli <em>mutatoitumattomia</em>. Ohjelmoijan kannalta niiden käyttö ei siis käytännössä eroa perustyyppisistä arvoista.</p></text-box><h2 id=\"oliot-ja-metodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot ja metodit<a href=\"#oliot-ja-metodit\" aria-label=\"oliot ja metodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olioiden tietosisältöä voidaaan havainnoida ja muuttaa <em>metodien</em> avulla. Metodi on funktio, jonka toiminta kohdistuu annettuun olioon. Metodin erottaa muista funktioista tapa, jolla sitä kutsutaan: ensin kirjoitetaan kohdeolio ja sen perään kutsuttava metodi pisteellä erotettuna. Esimerkiksi sanakirja-olion kaikki arvot voidaan palauttaa metodin <code class=\"language-text\">values</code> avulla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># muodostetaan sanakirjatyyppinen kirjaolio</span>\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Vanhus ja Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kirjailija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ernest Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1952</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikki arvot</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Metodikutsu values() kirjoitetaan muuttujan perään</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># pisteellä erotettuna</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> arvo <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>values<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vanhus ja Python\nErnest Pythonen\n1952</p></sample-output><p>Samalla tavalla merkkijonometodit kohdistuvat siihen merkkijonoon, jonka kautta niitä kutsutaan. Esimerkiksi merkkijonon metodeja ovat <code class=\"language-text\">count</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">find</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo Keksitty\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan K-kirjaimien määrä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"K\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># K-kirjaimien määrä toisessa jonossa</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Karkkilan Kolisevat Karjut\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>count<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"K\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Osajonon Keksitty indeksi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keksitty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tästä merkkijonosta osajonoa ei löydy</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ihan eri jono\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>find<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keksitty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3\n6\n-1</p></sample-output><p>Merkkijonometodit palauttavat arvoja, mutta niiden avulla ei voida muuttaa merkkijonoa. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi lista-olion metodien avulla voidaan muuttaa listan sisältöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään pari alkiota</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Poistetaan alkio alusta</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1, 2, 3, 5, 1]\n[2, 3, 5, 1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Pienin keskiarvo' tmcname='osa08-01_pienin_keskiarvo'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">pienin_keskiarvo(henkilo1: dict, henkilo2: dict, henkilo3: dict)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kolme sanakirjaoliota.</p><p>Jokaisessa sanakirjaoliossa on alkiot, joihin viittaavat nämä avaimet:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"nimi\"</code>: kilpailijan nimi</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos1\"</code>: kilpailijan ensimmäinen tulos (kokonaisluku väliltä 1...10)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos2\"</code>: kilpailijan toinen tulos (kuten yllä)</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">\"tulos3\"</code>: kilpailijan kolmas tulos (kuten yllä)</li>\n</ul><p>Funktio laskee kaikkien kilpailijoiden tulosten keskiarvot ja palauttaa sen kilpailijan, jonka keskiarvo on pienin. Funktion palautusarvona on sanakirjaolio.</p><p>Voit olettaa, että vain yhdellä henkilöllä on pienin keskiarvo.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">henkilo1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Keijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\nhenkilo3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nimi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Veijo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"tulos3\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pienin_keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>{'nimi': 'Veijo', 'tulos1': 3, 'tulos2': 1, 'tulos3': 1}</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Rivien summat' tmcname='osa08-02_rivien_summmat '><p>Listan alkioiden arvot ovat viittauksia olioihin. Tämä pätee myös silloin, kun mallinnetaan matriisia: jokainen päälistan alkion arvo on viittaus toiseen listaan (jonka alkiot taas ovat viittauksia arvoihin).</p><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">rivien_summat(matriisi: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen kokonaislukuja sisältävän matriisin.</p><p>Funktio lisää jokaiselle matriisin riville uuden alkion, jonka arvo on rivin alkioiden summa. Funktio ei palauta mitään, vaan muokkaa parametrinaan saamaansa matriisia.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">matriisi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nrivien_summat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matriisi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 7]]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/1-oliot-ja-metodit","title":"Oliot ja metodit"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/1-oliot-ja-metodit.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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käsitellään kuitenkin kauppalistan tarjoamien metodien kautta. Toisin kuin listoissa, kauppalistan tuotteet on numeroitu ykkösestä alkaen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee esimerkkejä hyödyntäen funktio "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tuotteita_yhteensa(lista: Kauppalista)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka saa parametrikseen "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kauppalista"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-tyyppisen olion. Funktio laskee listalla yhteensä olevien tuotteiden määrän ja palauttaa sen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huomaa, että kauppalistalla tuotteet indeksoidaan ykkösestä alkaen, ei nollasta. Voit testata ohjelmaasi esim. tällä esimerkkikoodilla:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if"}]},{"type":"text","value":" __name__ "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"=="}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"__main__\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    lista 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"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteita_yhteensa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"16"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koska luokan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kauppalista"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koodi on tehtäväpohjassa valmiina, ei koodissa tarvitse käyttää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lausetta kuten edellisissä esimerkeissä, tehtävissä, jotka käyttävät Pythonin valmiita luokkia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Fraction"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"date"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan luokalla</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät luokan ja olion yhteyden</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä olio-ohjelmointi tarkoittaa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Edellisessä osassa käsitellyt esimerkkioliot – listat, tuplet, sanakirjat ja merkkijonot – ovat siinä mielessä erikoistapauksia, että niiden kaikkien muodostamiseen on Pythonissa sisäänrakennettuna oma syntaksinsa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Lista luodaan antamalla arvot hakasuluissa</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Merkkijonovakio tunnistetaan lainausmerkeistä</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Sanakirja luodaan aaltosulkeilla</span>\nsanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"yksi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tuplessa arvot ovat sulkeissa</span>\noma_tuple <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Muita olioita muodostettaessa kutsutaan erityistä metodia, joka luo olion. Tällaista metodia kutsutaan <em>konstruktoriksi</em>. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä murtolukuolioiden muodostamista Fraction-luokasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tuodaan käyttöön luokka Fraction modulista fractions</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> fractions <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Fraction\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari uutta murtolukuoliota</span>\npuolikas <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkolmasosa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkolmas <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puolikas<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kolmasosa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kolmas<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Murtoluvuilla voi myös laskea</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puolikas <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> kolmasosa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1/2\n1/3\n3/11\n5/6</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että konstuktorikutsut poikkeavat aiemmista metodikutsuista. Konstruktorikutsuja ei ole sidottu tiettyyn olioon (mikä on sikäli loogista, että olio muodostetaan kutsumalla konstruktoria). Lisäksi metodin nimi on kirjoitettu isolla alkukirjaimella: <code class=\"language-text\">puolikas = Fraction(1,2)</code>. Pureudutaan tarkemmin olion muodostamisen mekanismiin esittelemällä <em>luokan</em> käsite.</p><h2 id=\"luokka-on-olion-kasikirjoitus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka on olion käsikirjoitus<a href=\"#luokka-on-olion-kasikirjoitus\" aria-label=\"luokka on olion kasikirjoitus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Materiaalissa on jo aiemmin vilahtanut käsite <em>luokka</em>. Edellisessä esimerkissä otettiin käyttöön luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">fractions</code>. Uudet oliot muodostettiin kutsumalla luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> <em>konstruktoria</em>.</p><p>Luokassa määritellään siitä muodostettavien olioiden rakenne ja toiminnallisuus. Luokkaa nimitetään tästä syystä joskus olion käsikirjoitukseksi. Luokassa siis kerrotaan, millaista tietoa olio sisältää, ja määritellään metodit, joiden avulla oliota voidaan käsitellä. <em>Olio-ohjelmoinnilla</em> tarkoitetaan ohjelmointitapaa, jossa ohjelman toiminnallisuus tapahtuu luokkien ja niistä muodostettujen olioiden avulla.</p><p>Yhdestä luokasta voidaan muodostaa useita olioita. Niin kuin aiemmin kerrottiin, oliot ovat itsenäisiä - muutokset olioon eivät vaikuta muihin luokasta muodostettuihin olioihin. Jokaisella oliolla on oma tietosisältönsä. Vähän yksinkertaistaen voisi sanoa, että</p><ul>\n<li>luokassa määritellään muuttujat ja</li>\n<li>oliota muodostaessa niille annetaan arvot.</li>\n</ul><p>Luodaan esimerkkinä <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code>-luokasta olio ja tulostetaan sen osoittaja ja nimittäjä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> fractions <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Fraction\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan osoittaja</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerator<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja sitten nimittäjä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>denominator<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n5</p></sample-output><p>Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> on siis määritelty, että olioilla on muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">numerator</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">denominator</code>. Jokaisella oliolla on kuitenkin oma arvonsa näille muuttujille.</p><p>Samalla tavalla <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-luokasta muodostetuilla olioilla on kaikilla omat itsenäiset arvonsa vuodelle, kuukaudelle ja päivämäärälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\njoulu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kuukaudet molemmista</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joulu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>12\n6</p></sample-output><p>Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">date</code> on siis määritelty, että luokasta muodostettavilla olioilla on muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">year</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">month</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">day</code>. Kun luokasta muodostetaan olio, annetaan muuttujille arvot. Joka oliolla on omat arvonsa muuttujille.</p><h2 id=\"olioita-kasittelevat-funktiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olioita käsittelevät funktiot<a href=\"#olioita-kasittelevat-funktiot\" aria-label=\"olioita kasittelevat funktiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktioiden parametrina oleviin olioihin ei liity oikeastaan mitään sen kummempaa. Niitä on jo kurssin aiemmissa osissa nähty runsaasti. Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka tarkastaa, onko sen parametrina oleva <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-olio viikonloppu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">onko_viikonloppu</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis  käyttää parametrina olevan olion metodia <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.date.isoweekday\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">isoweekday</a>, joka palauttaa viikonpäivää vastaavan numeron niin, että maanantai on 1, tiistai on 2, jne.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">joulu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_viikonloppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joulu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_viikonloppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"metodi-vs-olion-muuttuja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodi vs. olion muuttuja<a href=\"#metodi-vs-olion-muuttuja\" aria-label=\"metodi vs olion muuttuja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos tarkastellaan <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-oliota, niin huomataan, että sen käsittely poikkeaa hieman riippuen siitä, mitä asiaa olion sisällöstä tarkastellaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kutsutaan metodia</span>\nviikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># viitataan olion muuttujaan</span>\nkuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuukausi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Viikonpäivä: 4\nKuukausi: 12</p></sample-output><p>Päiväolion viikonpäivä saadaan siis selville kutsumalla <em>metodia</em> isoweekday:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska on kyse metodikutsusta, niin metodin nimen perään laitetaan sulut. Jos sulut unohtuvat, on lopputulos outo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Viikonpäivä: &#x3C;built-in method isoweekday of datetime.date object at 0x10ed66450></p></sample-output><p>Päiväolioon liittyvä kuukausi taas on olion muuttuja, ja sen arvo selviää <em>viittaamalla</em> muuttujaan</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month</code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis käytössä <em>ei ole sulkuja</em>. Jos tässä tilanteessa yritettäisiin käyttää sulkuja, ohjelma aiheuttaisi virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nTypeError: 'int' object is not callable</div></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Vuodet listaan' tmcname='osa08-03_vuodet_listaan'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vuodet_listaan(paivamaarat: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan, joka sisältää <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-tyyppisiä olioita. Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jossa on päivämäärien <em>vuodet suuruusjärjestyksessä pienimmästä suurimpaan</em>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paiva1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2006</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1993</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvuodet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuodet_listaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>paiva1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuodet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1993, 2006, 2019]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kauppalista' tmcname='osa08-04_kauppalista'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty valmiiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>-luokka, jolla voidaan mallintaa yhtä kauppalistaa.</p><p>Jos kauppalistaolio on tallennettu esimerkiksi muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">kauppalista</code>, sitä voidaan käsitellä seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuotteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\nBanaanit\n4\nMaito\n1</p></sample-output><p>Myös seuraava onnistuu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># kauppalistalla tuotteet on indeksöity ykkösestä alkaen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuotteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tuote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    maara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>banaanit 4 kpl\nmaito 1 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Kauppalistat siis käyttäytyvät hieman listojen tavoin, mutta niitä käsitellään kuitenkin kauppalistan tarjoamien metodien kautta. Toisin kuin listoissa, kauppalistan tuotteet on numeroitu ykkösestä alkaen.</p><p>Tee esimerkkejä hyödyntäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tuotteita_yhteensa(lista: Kauppalista)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>-tyyppisen olion. Funktio laskee listalla yhteensä olevien tuotteiden määrän ja palauttaa sen.</p><p>Huomaa, että kauppalistalla tuotteet indeksoidaan ykkösestä alkaen, ei nollasta. Voit testata ohjelmaasi esim. tällä esimerkkikoodilla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteita_yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>16</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom</strong> koska luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code> koodi on tehtäväpohjassa valmiina, ei koodissa tarvitse käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lausetta kuten edellisissä esimerkeissä, tehtävissä, jotka käyttävät Pythonin valmiita luokkia <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot","title":"Luokat ja oliot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"omenat\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"ananas\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tuotteita_yhteensa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"lista"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"16"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huom"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koska luokan "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kauppalista"}]},{"type":"text","value":" koodi on tehtäväpohjassa valmiina, ei koodissa tarvitse käyttää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"import"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lausetta kuten edellisissä esimerkeissä, tehtävissä, jotka käyttävät Pythonin valmiita luokkia "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Fraction"}]},{"type":"text","value":" ja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"date"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan luokalla</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät luokan ja olion yhteyden</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä olio-ohjelmointi tarkoittaa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Edellisessä osassa käsitellyt esimerkkioliot – listat, tuplet, sanakirjat ja merkkijonot – ovat siinä mielessä erikoistapauksia, että niiden kaikkien muodostamiseen on Pythonissa sisäänrakennettuna oma syntaksinsa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Lista luodaan antamalla arvot hakasuluissa</span>\nlista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Merkkijonovakio tunnistetaan lainausmerkeistä</span>\nmjono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Moi kaikki!\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Sanakirja luodaan aaltosulkeilla</span>\nsanakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"yksi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kaksi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tuplessa arvot ovat sulkeissa</span>\noma_tuple <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Muita olioita muodostettaessa kutsutaan erityistä metodia, joka luo olion. Tällaista metodia kutsutaan <em>konstruktoriksi</em>. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä murtolukuolioiden muodostamista Fraction-luokasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Tuodaan käyttöön luokka Fraction modulista fractions</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> fractions <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Fraction\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari uutta murtolukuoliota</span>\npuolikas <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkolmasosa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkolmas <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puolikas<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kolmasosa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kolmas<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Murtoluvuilla voi myös laskea</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puolikas <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> kolmasosa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1/2\n1/3\n3/11\n5/6</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että konstuktorikutsut poikkeavat aiemmista metodikutsuista. Konstruktorikutsuja ei ole sidottu tiettyyn olioon (mikä on sikäli loogista, että olio muodostetaan kutsumalla konstruktoria). Lisäksi metodin nimi on kirjoitettu isolla alkukirjaimella: <code class=\"language-text\">puolikas = Fraction(1,2)</code>. Pureudutaan tarkemmin olion muodostamisen mekanismiin esittelemällä <em>luokan</em> käsite.</p><h2 id=\"luokka-on-olion-kasikirjoitus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka on olion käsikirjoitus<a href=\"#luokka-on-olion-kasikirjoitus\" aria-label=\"luokka on olion kasikirjoitus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Materiaalissa on jo aiemmin vilahtanut käsite <em>luokka</em>. Edellisessä esimerkissä otettiin käyttöön luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> moduulista <code class=\"language-text\">fractions</code>. Uudet oliot muodostettiin kutsumalla luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> <em>konstruktoria</em>.</p><p>Luokassa määritellään siitä muodostettavien olioiden rakenne ja toiminnallisuus. Luokkaa nimitetään tästä syystä joskus olion käsikirjoitukseksi. Luokassa siis kerrotaan, millaista tietoa olio sisältää, ja määritellään metodit, joiden avulla oliota voidaan käsitellä. <em>Olio-ohjelmoinnilla</em> tarkoitetaan ohjelmointitapaa, jossa ohjelman toiminnallisuus tapahtuu luokkien ja niistä muodostettujen olioiden avulla.</p><p>Yhdestä luokasta voidaan muodostaa useita olioita. Niin kuin aiemmin kerrottiin, oliot ovat itsenäisiä - muutokset olioon eivät vaikuta muihin luokasta muodostettuihin olioihin. Jokaisella oliolla on oma tietosisältönsä. Vähän yksinkertaistaen voisi sanoa, että</p><ul>\n<li>luokassa määritellään muuttujat ja</li>\n<li>oliota muodostaessa niille annetaan arvot.</li>\n</ul><p>Luodaan esimerkkinä <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code>-luokasta olio ja tulostetaan sen osoittaja ja nimittäjä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> fractions <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Fraction\n\nluku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Fraction<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan osoittaja</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerator<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># ...ja sitten nimittäjä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>denominator<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n5</p></sample-output><p>Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> on siis määritelty, että olioilla on muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">numerator</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">denominator</code>. Jokaisella oliolla on kuitenkin oma arvonsa näille muuttujille.</p><p>Samalla tavalla <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-luokasta muodostetuilla olioilla on kaikilla omat itsenäiset arvonsa vuodelle, kuukaudelle ja päivämäärälle:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\njoulu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kuukaudet molemmista</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joulu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>12\n6</p></sample-output><p>Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">date</code> on siis määritelty, että luokasta muodostettavilla olioilla on muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">year</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">month</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">day</code>. Kun luokasta muodostetaan olio, annetaan muuttujille arvot. Joka oliolla on omat arvonsa muuttujille.</p><h2 id=\"olioita-kasittelevat-funktiot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olioita käsittelevät funktiot<a href=\"#olioita-kasittelevat-funktiot\" aria-label=\"olioita kasittelevat funktiot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Funktioiden parametrina oleviin olioihin ei liity oikeastaan mitään sen kummempaa. Niitä on jo kurssin aiemmissa osissa nähty runsaasti. Seuraavassa on esimerkki funktiosta, joka tarkastaa, onko sen parametrina oleva <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-olio viikonloppu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">onko_viikonloppu</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span></code></pre></div><p>Funktio siis  käyttää parametrina olevan olion metodia <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.date.isoweekday\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">isoweekday</a>, joka palauttaa viikonpäivää vastaavan numeron niin, että maanantai on 1, tiistai on 2, jne.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">joulu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njuhannus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_viikonloppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>joulu<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>onko_viikonloppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>juhannus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"metodi-vs-olion-muuttuja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodi vs. olion muuttuja<a href=\"#metodi-vs-olion-muuttuja\" aria-label=\"metodi vs olion muuttuja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Jos tarkastellaan <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-oliota, niin huomataan, että sen käsittely poikkeaa hieman riippuen siitä, mitä asiaa olion sisällöstä tarkastellaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># kutsutaan metodia</span>\nviikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># viitataan olion muuttujaan</span>\nkuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kuukausi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Viikonpäivä: 4\nKuukausi: 12</p></sample-output><p>Päiväolion viikonpäivä saadaan siis selville kutsumalla <em>metodia</em> isoweekday:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Koska on kyse metodikutsusta, niin metodin nimen perään laitetaan sulut. Jos sulut unohtuvat, on lopputulos outo:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">viikonpaiva <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isoweekday\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Viikonpäivä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikonpaiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Viikonpäivä: &#x3C;built-in method isoweekday of datetime.date object at 0x10ed66450></p></sample-output><p>Päiväolioon liittyvä kuukausi taas on olion muuttuja, ja sen arvo selviää <em>viittaamalla</em> muuttujaan</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month</code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis käytössä <em>ei ole sulkuja</em>. Jos tässä tilanteessa yritettäisiin käyttää sulkuja, ohjelma aiheuttaisi virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kuukausi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>month<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nTypeError: 'int' object is not callable</div></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Vuodet listaan' tmcname='osa08-03_vuodet_listaan'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vuodet_listaan(paivamaarat: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan, joka sisältää <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>-tyyppisiä olioita. Funktio palauttaa uuden listan, jossa on päivämäärien <em>vuodet suuruusjärjestyksessä pienimmästä suurimpaan</em>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paiva1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2006</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaiva3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1993</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvuodet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuodet_listaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>paiva1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuodet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>[1993, 2006, 2019]</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kauppalista' tmcname='osa08-04_kauppalista'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty valmiiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>-luokka, jolla voidaan mallintaa yhtä kauppalistaa.</p><p>Jos kauppalistaolio on tallennettu esimerkiksi muuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">kauppalista</code>, sitä voidaan käsitellä seuraavan esimerkin mukaisesti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuotteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\nBanaanit\n4\nMaito\n1</p></sample-output><p>Myös seuraava onnistuu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># kauppalistalla tuotteet on indeksöity ykkösestä alkaen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuotteita<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tuote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    maara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kpl\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>banaanit 4 kpl\nmaito 1 kpl</p></sample-output><p>Kauppalistat siis käyttäytyvät hieman listojen tavoin, mutta niitä käsitellään kuitenkin kauppalistan tarjoamien metodien kautta. Toisin kuin listoissa, kauppalistan tuotteet on numeroitu ykkösestä alkaen.</p><p>Tee esimerkkejä hyödyntäen funktio <code class=\"language-text\">tuotteita_yhteensa(lista: Kauppalista)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code>-tyyppisen olion. Funktio laskee listalla yhteensä olevien tuotteiden määrän ja palauttaa sen.</p><p>Huomaa, että kauppalistalla tuotteet indeksoidaan ykkösestä alkaen, ei nollasta. Voit testata ohjelmaasi esim. tällä esimerkkikoodilla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"banaanit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"omenat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ananas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tuotteita_yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>16</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom</strong> koska luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Kauppalista</code> koodi on tehtäväpohjassa valmiina, ei koodissa tarvitse käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lausetta kuten edellisissä esimerkeissä, tehtävissä, jotka käyttävät Pythonin valmiita luokkia <code class=\"language-text\">Fraction</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">date</code>.</p></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot","title":"Luokat ja oliot"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/2-luokat-ja-oliot.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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Syntaksi on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LuokanNimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokan toteutus</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokat nimetään yleensä <em>camel case</em> -käytännöllä niin, että sanat kirjoitetaan yhteen ja jokainen sana alkaa isolla alkukirjaimella. Esimerkiksi seuraavat ovat tämän käytännön mukaisia luokkien nimiä:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">OhjelmaApuri</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">KirjastoTietokanta</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">PythonKurssinArvosanat</code></li>\n</ul><p>Yhdellä luokalla pyritään mallintamaan jokin sellainen yksittäinen kokonaisuus, jonka sisältämät tiedot liittyvät kiinteästi yhteen. Monimutkaisemmissa ratkaisuissa luokka voi sisältää toisia luokkia (esimerkiksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code> voisi sisältää luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Osasuoritus</code> mukaisia olioita).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkamäärittelyä, josta sisältö vielä puuttuu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodissa määritellään luokka, jonka nimi on <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>. Luokalle ei ole määritelty varsinaista sisältöä, mutta tästä huolimatta luokasta voidaan muodostaa olio.</p><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, jossa luokasta muodostetun olion sisälle on määritelty kaksi muuttujaa, <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">omistaja</code>. Olion muuttujia kutsutaan <em>attribuuteiksi</em>. Attribuutista käytetään myös nimitystä <em>oliomuuttuja</em>.</p><p>Kun luokasta luodaan olio, voidaan attribuuttien arvoja käsitellä olion kautta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\n5.0</p></sample-output><p>Attribuutit ovat käytettävissä ainoastaan sen olion kautta, jossa ne on määritelty. Pankkitili-luokasta muodostetuilla olioilla on jokaisella omat arvonsa attribuuteille. Attribuuttien arvot haetaan olioiden kautta, esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">155.50</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Viittaa tilin attribuuttiin saldo</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># TÄSTÄ TULEE VIRHE, koska oliomuuttuja ei ole mukana!</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"konstruktorin-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Konstruktorin lisääminen<a href=\"#konstruktorin-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"konstruktorin lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten edellisestä esimerkistä huomataan, luokasta voi luoda uuden olion kutsumalla konstruktoria, joka on muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">LuokanNimi()</code>. Yleensä olisi kuitenkin kätevä antaa attribuuteille arvot heti kun olio luodaan – nyt esimerkiksi Pankkitilin omistaja ja saldo asetetaan vasta, kun pankkitiliolio on luotu.</p><p>Attribuuttien asettamisessa ilman konstruktoria on myös se ongelma, että samasta luokasta luoduilla olioilla voi olla eri attribuutit. Seuraava ohjelmakoodi esimerkiksi antaa virheen, koska oliolle <code class=\"language-text\">pirjon_tili</code> ei ole määritelty attribuuttia <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1400</span>\n\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># TÄSTÄ TULEE VIRHE</span></code></pre></div><p>Sen sijaan että attribuuttien arvot alustettaisiin luokan luomisen jälkeen, on huomattavasti parempi ajatus alustaa arvot samalla, kun luokasta luodaan olio.</p><p>Konstruktori kirjoitetaan luokan sisään metodina <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code> yleensä heti luokan alkuun.</p><p>Tarkastellaan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokkaa, johon on lisätty konstruktori:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja</code></pre></div><p>Konstruktorin nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code>. Huomaa, että nimessä sanan <code class=\"language-text\">init</code> molemmilla puolilla on <em>kaksi alaviivaa</em>.</p><p>Konstruktorin ensimmäinen parametri on nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>. Tämä viittaa olioon, jota käsitellään. Asetuslause</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo = saldo</code></p><p>asettaa parametrina annetun saldon luotavan olion saldoksi. On tärkeä huomata, että tässä yhteydessä muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo</code> on eri muuttuja kuin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>:</p><ul>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo</code> viittaa olion attribuuttiin. Jokaisella Pankkitili-luokan oliolla on oma saldonsa.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code> on konstruktorimetodin <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code> parametri, jolle annetaan arvo, kun metodia kutsutaan (eli kun halutaan luoda uusi olio luokasta).</p>\n</li>\n</ul><p>Nyt kun konstruktorille on määritelty parametrit, voidaan attribuuttien arvot antaa oliota luotaessa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Parametrille self ei anneta arvoa, vaan Python antaa sen</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># automaattisesti</span>\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n20000</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että olioiden luominen helpottuu, kun arvot voidaan antaa heti oliota muodostaessa. Samalla tämä varmistaa, että arvojen antaminen ei unohdu, ja ohjaa käyttäjää antamaan arvot attribuuteille.</p><p>Attribuuttien arvoja voi edelleen muuttaa myöhemmin ohjelmassa, vaikka alkuarvo olisikin annettu konstruktorissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Saldoksi 1500</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään saldoon 2000</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n1500\n3500</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä luokasta ja olioista. Kirjoitetaan luokka, joka mallintaa yhtä lottokierrosta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LottoKierros</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> viikko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pvm\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numerot\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan uusi lottokierros</span>\nkierros1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> LottoKierros<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2021</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan tiedot</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2021-01-02\n1\n4\n8\n12\n13\n14\n33</p></sample-output><p>Attribuutit voivat olla siis minkä tahansa tyyppisiä – esimerkiksi edellisessä esimerkissä jokaiseen olioon tallennetaan lista ja päivämäärä.</p><programming-exercise name='Kirja' tmcname='osa08-06_kirja'><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>, jolla on attribuutteina muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">kirjoittaja</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">genre</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjoitusvuosi</code> sekä konstruktori, joka alustaa muuttujat.</p><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoitusvuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kirjan </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> genre on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>genre<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luciano Ramalho: Fluent Python (2015)\nKirjan Huipulta huipulle genre on elämänkerta</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kirjoita luokat' tmcname='osa08-07_kirjoita_luokat'><p>Kirjoita alla pyydetyt luokat. Jokaisen luokan alle on kuvattu attribuuttien nimet ja tyypit.</p><p>Kirjoita jokaiselle luokalle myös konstruktori, jossa attribuutit annetaan siinä järjestyksessä kuin ne on kuvauksessa annettu.</p><ol>\n<li>Luokka Muistilista</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti otsikko (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti merkinnat (lista)</li>\n</ul><ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Luokka Asiakas</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti tunniste (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti saldo (desimaaliluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti alennusprosentti (kokonaisluku)</li>\n</ul><ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Luokka Kaapeli</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti malli (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti pituus (desimaaliluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti maksiminopeus (kokonaisluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti kaksisuuntainen (totuusarvo)</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omien-luokkien-olioiden-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omien luokkien olioiden käyttö<a href=\"#omien-luokkien-olioiden-kaytto\" aria-label=\"omien luokkien olioiden kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Omasta luokasta muodostetut oliot käyttäytyvät esimerkiksi funktioiden parametrina ja paluuarvona samalla tavalla kuin muutkin oliot. Voisimme esimerkiksi tehdä pari apufunktiota tilien käsittelyyn:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># funktio luo uuden tiliolion ja palauttaa sen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">avaa_tili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> uusi_tili\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktio asettaa parametrina saamansa rahasumman parametrina olevalle tilille</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laita_rahaa_tilille</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> summa\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> avaa_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlaita_rahaa_tilille<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n500</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Muodosta lemmikki' tmcname='osa08-07b_muodosta_lemmikki'><p>Määrittele luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>. Luokalla on konstruktori, jossa annetaan arvot attribuuteille <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">laji</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">syntymavuosi</code> tässä järjestyksessä.</p><p>Kirjoita sitten luokan ulkopuolelle funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_lemmikki(nimi: str, laji: str, syntymavuosi: int)</code>, joka luo ja palauttaa uuden <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>-tyyppisen (eli <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>-luokkaa vastaavan) olion.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">musti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusi_lemmikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntymavuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Musti\nkoira\n2017</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhempi kirja' tmcname='osa08-08_vanhempi_kirja'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhempi_kirja(kirja1: Kirja, kirja2: Kirja)</code>, joka saa parametriksi kaksi <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>-oliota. Funktio kertoo, kumpi kirjoista on vanhempi.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnorma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Norma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Sofi Oksanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvanhempi_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvanhempi_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> norma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huipulta huipulle on vanhempi, se kirjoitettiin 2010\nFluent Python ja Norma kirjoitettiin 2015</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Genren kirjat' tmcname='osa08-09_genren_kirjat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">genren_kirjat(kirjat: list, genre: str)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>-olioita sekä genren kertovan merkkijonon.</p><p>Funktio <em>palauttaa</em> uuden listan, jolle se laittaa parametrina olevista kirjoista ne, joilla on haluttu genre.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnorma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Norma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Sofi Oksanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> norma<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lumiukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jo Nesbø\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2007</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"rikoskirjoja ovat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> genren_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>rikoskirjoja ovat\nSofi Oksanen: Norma\nJo Nesbø: Lumiukko</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/3-omat-luokat","title":"Omat luokat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/3-omat-luokat.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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Oksanen: Norma\nJo Nesbø: Lumiukko"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten omia luokkia määritellään</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa itse määritellystä luokasta olion</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa konstruktorin</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa avainsana <code class=\"language-text\">self</code></li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä ovat attribuutit ja miten niitä käytetään</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Luokka määritellään avainsanan <code class=\"language-text\">class</code> avulla. Syntaksi on</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LuokanNimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokan toteutus</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokat nimetään yleensä <em>camel case</em> -käytännöllä niin, että sanat kirjoitetaan yhteen ja jokainen sana alkaa isolla alkukirjaimella. Esimerkiksi seuraavat ovat tämän käytännön mukaisia luokkien nimiä:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">OhjelmaApuri</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">KirjastoTietokanta</code></li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">PythonKurssinArvosanat</code></li>\n</ul><p>Yhdellä luokalla pyritään mallintamaan jokin sellainen yksittäinen kokonaisuus, jonka sisältämät tiedot liittyvät kiinteästi yhteen. Monimutkaisemmissa ratkaisuissa luokka voi sisältää toisia luokkia (esimerkiksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code> voisi sisältää luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Osasuoritus</code> mukaisia olioita).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkamäärittelyä, josta sisältö vielä puuttuu:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Koodissa määritellään luokka, jonka nimi on <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>. Luokalle ei ole määritelty varsinaista sisältöä, mutta tästä huolimatta luokasta voidaan muodostaa olio.</p><p>Tarkastellaan ohjelmaa, jossa luokasta muodostetun olion sisälle on määritelty kaksi muuttujaa, <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">omistaja</code>. Olion muuttujia kutsutaan <em>attribuuteiksi</em>. Attribuutista käytetään myös nimitystä <em>oliomuuttuja</em>.</p><p>Kun luokasta luodaan olio, voidaan attribuuttien arvoja käsitellä olion kautta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">5.0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Python\n5.0</p></sample-output><p>Attribuutit ovat käytettävissä ainoastaan sen olion kautta, jossa ne on määritelty. Pankkitili-luokasta muodostetuilla olioilla on jokaisella omat arvonsa attribuuteille. Attribuuttien arvot haetaan olioiden kautta, esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">155.50</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Viittaa tilin attribuuttiin saldo</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># TÄSTÄ TULEE VIRHE, koska oliomuuttuja ei ole mukana!</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"konstruktorin-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Konstruktorin lisääminen<a href=\"#konstruktorin-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"konstruktorin lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten edellisestä esimerkistä huomataan, luokasta voi luoda uuden olion kutsumalla konstruktoria, joka on muotoa <code class=\"language-text\">LuokanNimi()</code>. Yleensä olisi kuitenkin kätevä antaa attribuuteille arvot heti kun olio luodaan – nyt esimerkiksi Pankkitilin omistaja ja saldo asetetaan vasta, kun pankkitiliolio on luotu.</p><p>Attribuuttien asettamisessa ilman konstruktoria on myös se ongelma, että samasta luokasta luoduilla olioilla voi olla eri attribuutit. Seuraava ohjelmakoodi esimerkiksi antaa virheen, koska oliolle <code class=\"language-text\">pirjon_tili</code> ei ole määritelty attribuuttia <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1400</span>\n\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># TÄSTÄ TULEE VIRHE</span></code></pre></div><p>Sen sijaan että attribuuttien arvot alustettaisiin luokan luomisen jälkeen, on huomattavasti parempi ajatus alustaa arvot samalla, kun luokasta luodaan olio.</p><p>Konstruktori kirjoitetaan luokan sisään metodina <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code> yleensä heti luokan alkuun.</p><p>Tarkastellaan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokkaa, johon on lisätty konstruktori:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja</code></pre></div><p>Konstruktorin nimi on aina <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code>. Huomaa, että nimessä sanan <code class=\"language-text\">init</code> molemmilla puolilla on <em>kaksi alaviivaa</em>.</p><p>Konstruktorin ensimmäinen parametri on nimeltään <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>. Tämä viittaa olioon, jota käsitellään. Asetuslause</p><p><code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo = saldo</code></p><p>asettaa parametrina annetun saldon luotavan olion saldoksi. On tärkeä huomata, että tässä yhteydessä muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo</code> on eri muuttuja kuin muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>:</p><ul>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self.saldo</code> viittaa olion attribuuttiin. Jokaisella Pankkitili-luokan oliolla on oma saldonsa.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code> on konstruktorimetodin <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code> parametri, jolle annetaan arvo, kun metodia kutsutaan (eli kun halutaan luoda uusi olio luokasta).</p>\n</li>\n</ul><p>Nyt kun konstruktorille on määritelty parametrit, voidaan attribuuttien arvot antaa oliota luotaessa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Parametrille self ei anneta arvoa, vaan Python antaa sen</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># automaattisesti</span>\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n20000</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että olioiden luominen helpottuu, kun arvot voidaan antaa heti oliota muodostaessa. Samalla tämä varmistaa, että arvojen antaminen ei unohdu, ja ohjaa käyttäjää antamaan arvot attribuuteille.</p><p>Attribuuttien arvoja voi edelleen muuttaa myöhemmin ohjelmassa, vaikka alkuarvo olisikin annettu konstruktorissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Konstruktori</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Saldoksi 1500</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään saldoon 2000</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>100\n1500\n3500</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä luokasta ja olioista. Kirjoitetaan luokka, joka mallintaa yhtä lottokierrosta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LottoKierros</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> viikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">list</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> viikko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pvm\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numerot\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan uusi lottokierros</span>\nkierros1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> LottoKierros<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2021</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan tiedot</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> kierros1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>numerot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1\n2021-01-02\n1\n4\n8\n12\n13\n14\n33</p></sample-output><p>Attribuutit voivat olla siis minkä tahansa tyyppisiä – esimerkiksi edellisessä esimerkissä jokaiseen olioon tallennetaan lista ja päivämäärä.</p><programming-exercise name='Kirja' tmcname='osa08-06_kirja'><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>, jolla on attribuutteina muuttujat <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">kirjoittaja</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">genre</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kirjoitusvuosi</code> sekä konstruktori, joka alustaa muuttujat.</p><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoitusvuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kirjan </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> genre on </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>genre<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Luciano Ramalho: Fluent Python (2015)\nKirjan Huipulta huipulle genre on elämänkerta</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kirjoita luokat' tmcname='osa08-07_kirjoita_luokat'><p>Kirjoita alla pyydetyt luokat. Jokaisen luokan alle on kuvattu attribuuttien nimet ja tyypit.</p><p>Kirjoita jokaiselle luokalle myös konstruktori, jossa attribuutit annetaan siinä järjestyksessä kuin ne on kuvauksessa annettu.</p><ol>\n<li>Luokka Muistilista</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti otsikko (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti merkinnat (lista)</li>\n</ul><ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Luokka Asiakas</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti tunniste (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti saldo (desimaaliluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti alennusprosentti (kokonaisluku)</li>\n</ul><ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Luokka Kaapeli</li>\n</ol><ul>\n<li>attribuutti malli (merkkijono)</li>\n<li>attribuutti pituus (desimaaliluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti maksiminopeus (kokonaisluku)</li>\n<li>attribuutti kaksisuuntainen (totuusarvo)</li>\n</ul></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"omien-luokkien-olioiden-kaytto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Omien luokkien olioiden käyttö<a href=\"#omien-luokkien-olioiden-kaytto\" aria-label=\"omien luokkien olioiden kaytto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Omasta luokasta muodostetut oliot käyttäytyvät esimerkiksi funktioiden parametrina ja paluuarvona samalla tavalla kuin muutkin oliot. Voisimme esimerkiksi tehdä pari apufunktiota tilien käsittelyyn:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># funktio luo uuden tiliolion ja palauttaa sen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">avaa_tili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    uusi_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span>  Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> uusi_tili\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># funktio asettaa parametrina saamansa rahasumman parametrina olevalle tilille</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">laita_rahaa_tilille</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> summa\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> avaa_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlaita_rahaa_tilille<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n500</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Muodosta lemmikki' tmcname='osa08-07b_muodosta_lemmikki'><p>Määrittele luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>. Luokalla on konstruktori, jossa annetaan arvot attribuuteille <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">laji</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">syntymavuosi</code> tässä järjestyksessä.</p><p>Kirjoita sitten luokan ulkopuolelle funktio <code class=\"language-text\">uusi_lemmikki(nimi: str, laji: str, syntymavuosi: int)</code>, joka luo ja palauttaa uuden <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>-tyyppisen (eli <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>-luokkaa vastaavan) olion.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">musti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> uusi_lemmikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2017</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>laji<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntymavuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Musti\nkoira\n2017</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Vanhempi kirja' tmcname='osa08-08_vanhempi_kirja'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">vanhempi_kirja(kirja1: Kirja, kirja2: Kirja)</code>, joka saa parametriksi kaksi <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>-oliota. Funktio kertoo, kumpi kirjoista on vanhempi.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnorma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Norma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Sofi Oksanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvanhempi_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvanhempi_kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> norma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huipulta huipulle on vanhempi, se kirjoitettiin 2010\nFluent Python ja Norma kirjoitettiin 2015</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Genren kirjat' tmcname='osa08-09_genren_kirjat'><p>Tee funktio <code class=\"language-text\">genren_kirjat(kirjat: list, genre: str)</code>, joka saa parametriksi listan <code class=\"language-text\">Kirja</code>-olioita sekä genren kertovan merkkijonon.</p><p>Funktio <em>palauttaa</em> uuden listan, jolle se laittaa parametrina olevista kirjoista ne, joilla on haluttu genre.</p><p>Funktiota käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">python <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fluent Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Luciano Ramalho\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\neverest <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huipulta huipulle\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Carina Räihä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"elämänkerta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2010</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nnorma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Norma\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Sofi Oksanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>python<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> everest<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> norma<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lumiukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Jo Nesbø\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2007</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"rikoskirjoja ovat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> kirja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> genren_kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"rikos\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kirjoittaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>rikoskirjoja ovat\nSofi Oksanen: Norma\nJo Nesbø: Lumiukko</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/3-omat-luokat","title":"Omat luokat"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/3-omat-luokat.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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Lukutilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_luku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_luku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_luku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_luku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Lukujen 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tilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lukujen_maara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Summa:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" tilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"summa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Keskiarvo:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" tilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"keskiarvo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Määrä: 4\nSumma: 11\nKeskiarvo: 2.75"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"summa-kayttajalta","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Summa käyttäjältä"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#summa-kayttajalta","ariaLabel":"summa kayttajalta permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy lukuja käyttäjältä, kunnes käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Sitten ohjelma ilmoittaa lukujen summan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa tulee käyttää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-oliota summan laskemiseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM: Älä muuta tässä osassa luokkaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":", vaan toteuta sitä hyödyntäen summan laskemiseen käytetty ohjelma."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lukuja:\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"monta-summaa","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Monta summaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#monta-summaa","ariaLabel":"monta summaa permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että ohjelma laskee myös parillisten ja parittomien lukujen summaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM: Älä edelleenkään muuta luokkaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":", vaan määrittele ohjelmassa kolme "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-oliota. Laske ensimmäisen avulla kaikkien lukujen summa ja keskiarvo, toisen avulla parillisten lukujen summa ja kolmannen avulla parittomien lukujen summa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lukuja:\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25\nParillisten summa: 8\nParittomien summa: 5"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten metodit toimivat luokissa</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa metodeita omiin luokkiin</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla ja asiakkaalla olio-ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Vain attribuutteja sisältävät luokat eivät käytännössä eroa juurikaan sanakirjoista. Seuraavassa esimerkissä on esitetty pankkitiliä mallintava rakenne sekä oman luokan että sanakirjan avulla toteutettuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkki omaa luokkaa käyttäen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkki sanakirjaa käyttäen</span>\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tilinumero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"omistaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saldo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosikorko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjaa käyttäen rakenteen toteutus on huomattavasti suoraviivaisempi ja koodi on lyhyempi. Luokan hyötynä tässä tapauksessa on, että se määrittelee rakenteen \"tiukemmin\", jolloin kaikki luokasta muodostetut oliot ovat rakenteeltaan samanlaisia. Luokka on lisäksi nimetty: oliota muodostaessa viitataan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokkaan ja olion tyyppi on <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code> eikä sanakirja.</p><p>Luokilla on lisäksi etuna, että niihin voidaan lisätä attribuuttien lisäksi myös toiminnallisuutta. Yksi olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteista onkin, että olioon on yhdistetty sekä tallennettavat tiedot että operaatiot, joilla tietoa voidaan käsitellä.</p><h2 id=\"metodit-luokissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodit luokissa<a href=\"#metodit-luokissa\" aria-label=\"metodit luokissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodi tarkoittaa luokkaan sidottua aliohjelmaa. Yleensä metodin toiminta kohdistuu vain yhteen olioon. Metodi kirjoitetaan luokan sisälle, ja se voi käsitellä attribuutteja kuten mitä tahansa muuttujia.</p><p>Katsotaan esimerkkinä <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokan metodia, joka lisää koron pankkitilille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi lisää koron tilin saldoon</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko\n\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1522.5</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_korko</code> kertoo olion saldon vuosikorkoprosentilla ja lisää tuloksen nykyiseen saldoon. Metodin toiminta kohdistuu siihen olioon, jonka kautta sitä kutsutaan.</p><p>Katsotaan vielä toinen esimerkki, jossa luokasta on muodostettu useampi olio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Luokka Pankkitili on määritelty edellisessä esimerkissä</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"99999-999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaulin_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1111-222\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli Paulinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään korko Pekalle ja Pirjolle, mutta ei Paulille</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikki</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paulin_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1522.5\n1575.0\n1500.0</p></sample-output><p>Korko lisätään vain siihen tiliin, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan. Esimerkistä huomataan, että Pekalle ja Pirjolle lisätään eri korkoprosentit ja Paulin tilin saldo ei muutu ollenkaan, koska olion <code class=\"language-text\">paulin_tili</code> kautta ei kutsuta metodia <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_korko</code>.</p><h2 id=\"kapselointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kapselointi<a href=\"#kapselointi\" aria-label=\"kapselointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnin yhteydessä puhutaan usein olioiden <em>asiakkaista</em>. Asiakkaalla (client) tarkoitetaan koodin osaa, joka muodostaa olion ja käyttää sen palveluita kutsumalla metodeita. Kun olion tietosisältöä käsitellään vain olion tarjoamien metodien avulla, voidaan varmistua siitä, että olion <em>sisäinen eheys</em> säilyy. Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa esimerkiksi sitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokassa tarjotaan metodi, jolla tililtä nostetaan rahaa, sen sijaan, että asiakas käsittelisi suoraan attribuuttia <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>. Tässä metodissa voidaan sitten esimerkiksi varmistaa, ettei tililtä nosteta katetta enempää rahaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi lisää koron tilin saldoon</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodilla \"nostetaan\" tililtä rahaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa true, jos nosto onnistuu, muuten False</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nosto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nostosumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nostosumma <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> nostosumma\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yritetään uudestaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt 500.0\nNosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.</p></sample-output><p>Olion sisäisen eheyden säilyttämistä ja sopivien metodien tarjoamista asiakkaalle kutsutaan <em>kapseloinniksi</em>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että olion toteutus piilotetaan asiakkaalta ja olio tarjoaa ulkopuolelle metodit, joiden avulla tietoja voi käsitellä.</p><p>Pelkkä metodin lisäys ei kuitenkaan piilota attribuuttia: vaikka luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code> onkin lisätty metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nosto</code> rahan nostamiseksi, asiakas voi edelleen muokata <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>-attribuutin arvoa suoraan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yritetään nostaa 2000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Nostetaan \"väkisin\" 2000</span>\n    pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Saldo nyt:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ongelma voidaan ainakin osittain ratkaista piilottamalla attribuutit asiakkaalta. Käytännön toteutukseen palataan tarkemmin ensi viikolla.</p><programming-exercise name='Vähenevä laskuri' tmcname='osa08-10_vaheneva_laskuri'><p>Tässä tehtävässä on useampi osa. Jokainen osa vastaa yhtä tehtäväpistettä.</p><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee osittain valmiiksi toteutettu luokka <code class=\"language-text\">VahenevaLaskuri</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">VahenevaLaskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo_alussa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo_alussa\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_arvo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vahenna</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja tänne muut metodit</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 10\narvo: 9\narvo: 8</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"laskurin-vahentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin vähentäminen<a href=\"#laskurin-vahentaminen\" aria-label=\"laskurin vahentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä luokan runkoon metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code> toteutus sellaiseksi, että se vähentää kutsuttavan olion oliomuuttujan arvoa yhdellä. Kun olet toteuttanut metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code>, äskeisen pääohjelman tulee toimia esimerkkitulosteen mukaan.</p><h3 id=\"laskurin-arvo-ei-saa-olla-negatiivinen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin arvo ei saa olla negatiivinen<a href=\"#laskurin-arvo-ei-saa-olla-negatiivinen\" aria-label=\"laskurin arvo ei saa olla negatiivinen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code> toteutus sellaiseksi, ettei laskurin arvo mene koskaan negatiiviseksi: jos laskurin arvo on jo 0, sitä ei enää vähennetä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 2\narvo: 1\narvo: 0\narvo: 0</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"laskurin-arvon-nollaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin arvon nollaus<a href=\"#laskurin-arvon-nollaus\" aria-label=\"laskurin arvon nollaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee laskurille metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nollaa</code>, joka nollaa laskurin arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nollaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 100\narvo: 0</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"alkuperaisen-arvon-palautus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkuperäisen arvon palautus<a href=\"#alkuperaisen-arvon-palautus\" aria-label=\"alkuperaisen arvon palautus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee laskurille metodi <code class=\"language-text\">palauta_alkuperainen_arvo()</code> joka palauttaa laskurille sen alkuperäisen arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>palauta_alkuperainen_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 51\narvo: 55</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Tarkastellaan vielä esimerkkiä luokasta, joka mallintaa pelaajan ennätystulosta. Luokkaan on kirjoitettu erilliset metodit, joilla voidaan tarkastaa, ovatko annetut parametrit sopivia. Metodeja kutsutaan heti konstruktorissa. Näin varmistetaan luotavan olion sisäinen eheys.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Ennatystulos</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Oletusarvot</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1900</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaaja\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Apumetodit, joilla tarkistetaan ovatko syötteet ok</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Nimessä vähintään kaksi merkkiä</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pvm_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poikkeus, jos yritetään muodostaa epäkelpo päivämäärä</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisteet_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tulos1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Ennatystulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">235</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Epäkelpo arvo päivämäärälle</span>\n    tulos2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Ennatystulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Piia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4555</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostaa oletusarvon 1900-01-01</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>235\nPekka\n2020-11-01\n4555\nPiia\n1900-01-01</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että myös olion omiin metodeihin pitää viitata <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla, kun niitä kutsutaan konstruktorista. Luokkiin voidaan kirjoittaa myös <em>staattisia metodeita</em> eli metodeja, joita voidaan kutsua ilman, että luokasta muodostetaan oliota. Tähän palataan kuitenkin tarkemmin ensi viikolla.</p><p>Määrettä <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> käytetään kuitenkin vain silloin, kun viitataan <em>olion piirteisiin</em> (eli metodeihin tai olion attribuutteihin). Olion metodeissa voidaan käyttää myös paikallisia muuttujia. Tämä on suositeltavaa, jos muuttujaan ei ole tarvetta viitata metodin ulkopuolella.</p><p>Paikallinen muuttuja määritellään ilman <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä - eli samoin kuin esimerkiksi kaikki muuttujat kurssin ensimmäisellä puoliskolla.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Bonuskortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt muuttuja bonus on paikallinen muuttuja,</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># eikä olion attribuutti - siihen siis ei voi</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># viitata olion kautta</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.25</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> bonus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_superbonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Myös muuttuja superbonus on paikallinen muuttuja</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yleensä apumuuttujina käytetään paikallisia</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># muuttujia, koska niihin ei ole tarvetta</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># viitatata muissa metodeissa tai olion kautta</span>\n        superbonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.5</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> superbonus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Bonuskortti(nimi=</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, saldo=</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name=\"Etu- ja sukunimi\" tmcname='osa08-10b_etu_ja_sukunimi'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>, jolla on <em>ainoastaan yksi attribuutti</em> <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, joka asetetaan konstruktorissa.</p><p>Lisäksi luokalle tule kirjoitaa kaksi metodia:</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_etunimi</code> palauttaa henkilön etunimen ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_sukunimi</code> vastaavasti henkilön sukunimen.</p><p>Voit olettaa metodeissa, että konstruktroissa annetussa nimessä on etu- ja sukunimi välilyönnillä erotettuna eikä muita nimiä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_sukunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    pauli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pauli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pauli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_sukunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka\nPython\nPauli\nPythonen</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Lukutilasto' tmcname='osa08-11_lukutilasto'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan olio-ohjelmointia hyödyntäen samantapainen käyttäjän syöttämiä lukuja käsittelevä ohjelma kuin Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka#programming-exercise-lukujen-kasittelya\">osan 2 lopussa</a>.</p><h3 id=\"lukujen-maara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukujen määrä<a href=\"#lukujen-maara\" aria-label=\"lukujen maara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, joka tuntee seuraavat toiminnot:</p><ul>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_luku</code> lisää uuden luvun tilastoon</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lukujen_maara</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen määrän</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan ei tarvitse tallentaa mihinkään lisättyjä lukuja vaan riittää, että se muistaa niiden määrän. Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_luku</code> ei tässä vaiheessa tarvitse edes ottaa huomioon, mikä luku lisätään tilastoon, koska ainoa tallennettava asia on lukujen määrä.</p><p>Luokan runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span>  <span class=\"token class-name\">Lukutilasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_luku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lukujen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lukutilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen määrä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukujen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lukujen määrä: 4</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"summa-ja-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Summa ja keskiarvo<a href=\"#summa-ja-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"summa ja keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna luokkaa seuraavilla toiminnoilla:</p><ul>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen summan (tyhjän lukutilaston summa on 0)</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen keskiarvon (tyhjän lukutilaston keskiarvo on 0)</li>\n</ul><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lukutilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen määrä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukujen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskiarvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Määrä: 4\nSumma: 11\nKeskiarvo: 2.75</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"summa-kayttajalta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Summa käyttäjältä<a href=\"#summa-kayttajalta\" aria-label=\"summa kayttajalta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy lukuja käyttäjältä, kunnes käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Sitten ohjelma ilmoittaa lukujen summan.</p><p>Ohjelmassa tulee käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>-oliota summan laskemiseen.</p><p>HUOM: Älä muuta tässä osassa luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, vaan toteuta sitä hyödyntäen summan laskemiseen käytetty ohjelma.</p><p>HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!</p><sample-output><p>Anna lukuja:\n<strong>4</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>5</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>-1</strong>\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"monta-summaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monta summaa<a href=\"#monta-summaa\" aria-label=\"monta summaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että ohjelma laskee myös parillisten ja parittomien lukujen summaa.</p><p>HUOM: Älä edelleenkään muuta luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, vaan määrittele ohjelmassa kolme <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>-oliota. Laske ensimmäisen avulla kaikkien lukujen summa ja keskiarvo, toisen avulla parillisten lukujen summa ja kolmannen avulla parittomien lukujen summa.</p><p>HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lukuja:\n<strong>4</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>5</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>-1</strong>\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25\nParillisten summa: 8\nParittomien summa: 5</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/4-metodit-omissa-luokissa","title":"Metodit omissa luokissa"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/4-metodit-omissa-luokissa.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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tilasto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"keskiarvo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Määrä: 4\nSumma: 11\nKeskiarvo: 2.75"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"summa-kayttajalta","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Summa käyttäjältä"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#summa-kayttajalta","ariaLabel":"summa kayttajalta permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy lukuja käyttäjältä, kunnes käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Sitten ohjelma ilmoittaa lukujen summan."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelmassa tulee käyttää "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-oliota summan laskemiseen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM: Älä muuta tässä osassa luokkaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":", vaan toteuta sitä hyödyntäen summan laskemiseen käytetty ohjelma."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lukuja:\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"h3","properties":{"id":"monta-summaa","style":"position:relative;"},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Monta summaa"},{"type":"element","tagName":"a","properties":{"href":"#monta-summaa","ariaLabel":"monta summaa permalink","className":["anchor","after"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"svg","properties":{"ariaHidden":"true","focusable":"false","height":"16","version":"1.1","viewBox":"0 0 16 16","width":"16"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"path","properties":{"fillRule":"evenodd","d":"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"},"children":[]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että ohjelma laskee myös parillisten ja parittomien lukujen summaa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM: Älä edelleenkään muuta luokkaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":", vaan määrittele ohjelmassa kolme "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lukutilasto"}]},{"type":"text","value":"-oliota. Laske ensimmäisen avulla kaikkien lukujen summa ja keskiarvo, toisen avulla parillisten lukujen summa ja kolmannen avulla parittomien lukujen summa."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"if __name__ == \"__main__\""}]},{"type":"text","value":"-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Anna lukuja:\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"5"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"strong","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"-1"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25\nParillisten summa: 8\nParittomien summa: 5"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten metodit toimivat luokissa</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa metodeita omiin luokkiin</li>\n<li>Ymmärrät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla ja asiakkaalla olio-ohjelmoinnissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Vain attribuutteja sisältävät luokat eivät käytännössä eroa juurikaan sanakirjoista. Seuraavassa esimerkissä on esitetty pankkitiliä mallintava rakenne sekä oman luokan että sanakirjan avulla toteutettuna:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkki omaa luokkaa käyttäen</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkki sanakirjaa käyttäen</span>\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"tilinumero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"omistaja\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"saldo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"vuosikorko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div><p>Sanakirjaa käyttäen rakenteen toteutus on huomattavasti suoraviivaisempi ja koodi on lyhyempi. Luokan hyötynä tässä tapauksessa on, että se määrittelee rakenteen \"tiukemmin\", jolloin kaikki luokasta muodostetut oliot ovat rakenteeltaan samanlaisia. Luokka on lisäksi nimetty: oliota muodostaessa viitataan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokkaan ja olion tyyppi on <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code> eikä sanakirja.</p><p>Luokilla on lisäksi etuna, että niihin voidaan lisätä attribuuttien lisäksi myös toiminnallisuutta. Yksi olio-ohjelmoinnin periaatteista onkin, että olioon on yhdistetty sekä tallennettavat tiedot että operaatiot, joilla tietoa voidaan käsitellä.</p><h2 id=\"metodit-luokissa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Metodit luokissa<a href=\"#metodit-luokissa\" aria-label=\"metodit luokissa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Metodi tarkoittaa luokkaan sidottua aliohjelmaa. Yleensä metodin toiminta kohdistuu vain yhteen olioon. Metodi kirjoitetaan luokan sisälle, ja se voi käsitellä attribuutteja kuten mitä tahansa muuttujia.</p><p>Katsotaan esimerkkinä <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokan metodia, joka lisää koron pankkitilille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi lisää koron tilin saldoon</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko\n\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1522.5</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_korko</code> kertoo olion saldon vuosikorkoprosentilla ja lisää tuloksen nykyiseen saldoon. Metodin toiminta kohdistuu siihen olioon, jonka kautta sitä kutsutaan.</p><p>Katsotaan vielä toinen esimerkki, jossa luokasta on muodostettu useampi olio:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Luokka Pankkitili on määritelty edellisessä esimerkissä</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"99999-999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaulin_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"1111-222\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli Paulinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.001</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään korko Pekalle ja Pirjolle, mutta ei Paulille</span>\npekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikki</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pirjon_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paulin_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>1522.5\n1575.0\n1500.0</p></sample-output><p>Korko lisätään vain siihen tiliin, jonka kautta metodia kutsutaan. Esimerkistä huomataan, että Pekalle ja Pirjolle lisätään eri korkoprosentit ja Paulin tilin saldo ei muutu ollenkaan, koska olion <code class=\"language-text\">paulin_tili</code> kautta ei kutsuta metodia <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_korko</code>.</p><h2 id=\"kapselointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kapselointi<a href=\"#kapselointi\" aria-label=\"kapselointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnin yhteydessä puhutaan usein olioiden <em>asiakkaista</em>. Asiakkaalla (client) tarkoitetaan koodin osaa, joka muodostaa olion ja käyttää sen palveluita kutsumalla metodeita. Kun olion tietosisältöä käsitellään vain olion tarjoamien metodien avulla, voidaan varmistua siitä, että olion <em>sisäinen eheys</em> säilyy. Käytännössä tämä tarkoittaa esimerkiksi sitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>-luokassa tarjotaan metodi, jolla tililtä nostetaan rahaa, sen sijaan, että asiakas käsittelisi suoraan attribuuttia <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>. Tässä metodissa voidaan sitten esimerkiksi varmistaa, ettei tililtä nosteta katetta enempää rahaa.</p><p>Esimerkiksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkitili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosikorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi lisää koron tilin saldoon</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vuosikorko\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodilla \"nostetaan\" tililtä rahaa</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa true, jos nosto onnistuu, muuten False</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nosto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nostosumma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nostosumma <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> nostosumma\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\npekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yritetään uudestaan</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt 500.0\nNosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.</p></sample-output><p>Olion sisäisen eheyden säilyttämistä ja sopivien metodien tarjoamista asiakkaalle kutsutaan <em>kapseloinniksi</em>. Tämä tarkoittaa, että olion toteutus piilotetaan asiakkaalta ja olio tarjoaa ulkopuolelle metodit, joiden avulla tietoja voi käsitellä.</p><p>Pelkkä metodin lisäys ei kuitenkaan piilota attribuuttia: vaikka luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code> onkin lisätty metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nosto</code> rahan nostamiseksi, asiakas voi edelleen muokata <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>-attribuutin arvoa suoraan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pekan_tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345-678\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1500.0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.015</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Yritetään nostaa 2000</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto onnistui, tilin saldo on nyt\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nosto ei onnistunut, rahaa ei ole tarpeeksi.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Nostetaan \"väkisin\" 2000</span>\n    pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2000</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Saldo nyt:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pekan_tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ongelma voidaan ainakin osittain ratkaista piilottamalla attribuutit asiakkaalta. Käytännön toteutukseen palataan tarkemmin ensi viikolla.</p><programming-exercise name='Vähenevä laskuri' tmcname='osa08-10_vaheneva_laskuri'><p>Tässä tehtävässä on useampi osa. Jokainen osa vastaa yhtä tehtäväpistettä.</p><p>Tehtäväpohjan mukana tulee osittain valmiiksi toteutettu luokka <code class=\"language-text\">VahenevaLaskuri</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">VahenevaLaskuri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvo_alussa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvo_alussa\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta_arvo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vahenna</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ja tänne muut metodit</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokkaa käytetään seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 10\narvo: 9\narvo: 8</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"laskurin-vahentaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin vähentäminen<a href=\"#laskurin-vahentaminen\" aria-label=\"laskurin vahentaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä luokan runkoon metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code> toteutus sellaiseksi, että se vähentää kutsuttavan olion oliomuuttujan arvoa yhdellä. Kun olet toteuttanut metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code>, äskeisen pääohjelman tulee toimia esimerkkitulosteen mukaan.</p><h3 id=\"laskurin-arvo-ei-saa-olla-negatiivinen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin arvo ei saa olla negatiivinen<a href=\"#laskurin-arvo-ei-saa-olla-negatiivinen\" aria-label=\"laskurin arvo ei saa olla negatiivinen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä metodin <code class=\"language-text\">vahenna</code> toteutus sellaiseksi, ettei laskurin arvo mene koskaan negatiiviseksi: jos laskurin arvo on jo 0, sitä ei enää vähennetä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 2\narvo: 1\narvo: 0\narvo: 0</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"laskurin-arvon-nollaus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Laskurin arvon nollaus<a href=\"#laskurin-arvon-nollaus\" aria-label=\"laskurin arvon nollaus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee laskurille metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nollaa</code>, joka nollaa laskurin arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nollaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 100\narvo: 0</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"alkuperaisen-arvon-palautus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Alkuperäisen arvon palautus<a href=\"#alkuperaisen-arvon-palautus\" aria-label=\"alkuperaisen arvon palautus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee laskurille metodi <code class=\"language-text\">palauta_alkuperainen_arvo()</code> joka palauttaa laskurille sen alkuperäisen arvon:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">laskuri <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> VahenevaLaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vahenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>palauta_alkuperainen_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlaskuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_arvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvo: 51\narvo: 55</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Tarkastellaan vielä esimerkkiä luokasta, joka mallintaa pelaajan ennätystulosta. Luokkaan on kirjoitettu erilliset metodit, joilla voidaan tarkastaa, ovatko annetut parametrit sopivia. Metodeja kutsutaan heti konstruktorissa. Näin varmistetaan luotavan olion sisäinen eheys.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Ennatystulos</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Oletusarvot</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1900</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelaaja\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pvm_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet_ok<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Apumetodit, joilla tarkistetaan ovatko syötteet ok</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Nimessä vähintään kaksi merkkiä</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pvm_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">try</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kuukausi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> paiva<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">except</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># Poikkeus, jos yritetään muodostaa epäkelpo päivämäärä</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisteet_ok</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pisteet <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    tulos1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Ennatystulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">235</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Epäkelpo arvo päivämäärälle</span>\n    tulos2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Ennatystulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Piia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">13</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4555</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tulos2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paivamaara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostaa oletusarvon 1900-01-01</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>235\nPekka\n2020-11-01\n4555\nPiia\n1900-01-01</p></sample-output><p>Esimerkistä huomataan, että myös olion omiin metodeihin pitää viitata <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla, kun niitä kutsutaan konstruktorista. Luokkiin voidaan kirjoittaa myös <em>staattisia metodeita</em> eli metodeja, joita voidaan kutsua ilman, että luokasta muodostetaan oliota. Tähän palataan kuitenkin tarkemmin ensi viikolla.</p><p>Määrettä <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> käytetään kuitenkin vain silloin, kun viitataan <em>olion piirteisiin</em> (eli metodeihin tai olion attribuutteihin). Olion metodeissa voidaan käyttää myös paikallisia muuttujia. Tämä on suositeltavaa, jos muuttujaan ei ole tarvetta viitata metodin ulkopuolella.</p><p>Paikallinen muuttuja määritellään ilman <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä - eli samoin kuin esimerkiksi kaikki muuttujat kurssin ensimmäisellä puoliskolla.</p><p>Esimerkiksi</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Bonuskortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_bonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Nyt muuttuja bonus on paikallinen muuttuja,</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># eikä olion attribuutti - siihen siis ei voi</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># viitata olion kautta</span>\n        bonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.25</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> bonus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_superbonus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Myös muuttuja superbonus on paikallinen muuttuja</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yleensä apumuuttujina käytetään paikallisia</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># muuttujia, koska niihin ei ole tarvetta</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># viitatata muissa metodeissa tai olion kautta</span>\n        superbonus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.5</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> superbonus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Bonuskortti(nimi=</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, saldo=</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name=\"Etu- ja sukunimi\" tmcname='osa08-10b_etu_ja_sukunimi'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>, jolla on <em>ainoastaan yksi attribuutti</em> <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>, joka asetetaan konstruktorissa.</p><p>Lisäksi luokalle tule kirjoitaa kaksi metodia:</p><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_etunimi</code> palauttaa henkilön etunimen ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">anna_sukunimi</code> vastaavasti henkilön sukunimen.</p><p>Voit olettaa metodeissa, että konstruktroissa annetussa nimessä on etu- ja sukunimi välilyönnillä erotettuna eikä muita nimiä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_sukunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    pauli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pauli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_etunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pauli<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>anna_sukunimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka\nPython\nPauli\nPythonen</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Lukutilasto' tmcname='osa08-11_lukutilasto'><p>Tässä tehtävässä toteutetaan olio-ohjelmointia hyödyntäen samantapainen käyttäjän syöttämiä lukuja käsittelevä ohjelma kuin Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden <a href=\"/osa-2/4-yksinkertainen-silmukka#programming-exercise-lukujen-kasittelya\">osan 2 lopussa</a>.</p><h3 id=\"lukujen-maara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lukujen määrä<a href=\"#lukujen-maara\" aria-label=\"lukujen maara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, joka tuntee seuraavat toiminnot:</p><ul>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_luku</code> lisää uuden luvun tilastoon</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lukujen_maara</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen määrän</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan ei tarvitse tallentaa mihinkään lisättyjä lukuja vaan riittää, että se muistaa niiden määrän. Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_luku</code> ei tässä vaiheessa tarvitse edes ottaa huomioon, mikä luku lisätään tilastoon, koska ainoa tallennettava asia on lukujen määrä.</p><p>Luokan runko on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span>  <span class=\"token class-name\">Lukutilasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukuja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_luku</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lukujen_maara</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lukutilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen määrä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukujen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Lukujen määrä: 4</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"summa-ja-keskiarvo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Summa ja keskiarvo<a href=\"#summa-ja-keskiarvo\" aria-label=\"summa ja keskiarvo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Laajenna luokkaa seuraavilla toiminnoilla:</p><ul>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">summa</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen summan (tyhjän lukutilaston summa on 0)</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">keskiarvo</code> kertoo lisättyjen lukujen keskiarvon (tyhjän lukutilaston keskiarvo on 0)</li>\n</ul><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tilasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lukutilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_luku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lukujen määrä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lukujen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Summa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Keskiarvo:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>keskiarvo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Määrä: 4\nSumma: 11\nKeskiarvo: 2.75</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"summa-kayttajalta\" style=\"position:relative;\">Summa käyttäjältä<a href=\"#summa-kayttajalta\" aria-label=\"summa kayttajalta permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelma, joka kysyy lukuja käyttäjältä, kunnes käyttäjä antaa luvun -1. Sitten ohjelma ilmoittaa lukujen summan.</p><p>Ohjelmassa tulee käyttää <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>-oliota summan laskemiseen.</p><p>HUOM: Älä muuta tässä osassa luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, vaan toteuta sitä hyödyntäen summan laskemiseen käytetty ohjelma.</p><p>HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!</p><sample-output><p>Anna lukuja:\n<strong>4</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>5</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>-1</strong>\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"monta-summaa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monta summaa<a href=\"#monta-summaa\" aria-label=\"monta summaa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Muuta edellistä ohjelmaa niin, että ohjelma laskee myös parillisten ja parittomien lukujen summaa.</p><p>HUOM: Älä edelleenkään muuta luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>, vaan määrittele ohjelmassa kolme <code class=\"language-text\">Lukutilasto</code>-oliota. Laske ensimmäisen avulla kaikkien lukujen summa ja keskiarvo, toisen avulla parillisten lukujen summa ja kolmannen avulla parittomien lukujen summa.</p><p>HUOM2: Älä kirjoita pääohjelmaa <code class=\"language-text\">if __name__ == \"__main__\"</code>-lohkon sisään, jotta testit toimivat!</p><p>Ohjelman tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><sample-output><p>Anna lukuja:\n<strong>4</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>5</strong>\n<strong>2</strong>\n<strong>-1</strong>\nSumma: 13\nKeskiarvo: 3.25\nParillisten summa: 8\nParittomien summa: 5</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/4-metodit-omissa-luokissa","title":"Metodit omissa 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Jos olet käyttänyt muuta nimeä, sinun kannattaa vaihtaa se nyt."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"82ce577b-1caa-580f-baa7-bb2f14dd63af"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda aiempaa monipuolisempia luokkia</li>\n<li>Osaat määritellä luokkaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code></li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki 1: Luokka Suorakulmio<a href=\"#esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio\" aria-label=\"esimerkki 1 luokka suorakulmio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi luokkaa, joka mallintaa suorakulmiota kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Suorakulmio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vasen_ylakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pinta_ala</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piiri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">siirra</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun suorakulmio luodaan, konstruktorille annetaan kaksi tuplea: vasemman yläkulman ja oikean alakulman sijainti (x- ja y-koordinaatit). Konstruktori laskee tämän perusteella suorakulmion leveyden ja korkeuden.</p><p>Metodit <code class=\"language-text\">pinta_ala</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">piiri</code> laskevat suorakulmion pinta-alan ja piirin korkeuden ja leveyden perusteella. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">siirra</code> puolestaan siirtää suorakulmiota koordinaatistossa annetun verran x- ja y-suunnissa.</p><p>Huomaa, että suorakulmio esitetään koordinaatistossa, jossa x-koordinaatit kasvavat vasemmalta oikealle ja y-koordinaatit kasvavat ylhäältä alaspäin. Tämä on usein käytetty koordinaatisto ohjelmoinnissa, koska on luontevaa esittää tietokoneen näyttö niin, että vasemman yläkulman x- ja y-koordinaatti on 0.</p><p>Seuraava koodi testaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piiri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsuorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirra<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(1, 1)\n(4, 3)\n3\n2\n10\n6\n(4, 4)\n(7, 6)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"olion-tulostaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion tulostaminen<a href=\"#olion-tulostaminen\" aria-label=\"olion tulostaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun omasta luokasta luotu olio tulostetaan sellaisenaan <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolla, lopputulos ei ole kovin selkeä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa jotain seuraavankaltaista:</p><sample-output><p>&#x3C;<strong>main</strong>.Suorakulmio object at 0x000002D7BF148A90></p></sample-output><p>Järkevämpi tulostus saadaan lisäämällä luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa ymmärrettävän kuvauksen olion tilasta merkkijonona. Kun tämä metodi on määritelty, metodin palauttama kuvaus oliosta tulee näkyviin <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa.</p><p>Lisätään luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Suorakulmio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokan muu sisältö tähän kuten ennenkin...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa olion tilan merkkijonona</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"suorakulmio </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ... </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento tuottaa luettavan lopputuloksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio (1, 1) ... (4, 3)</p></sample-output><p>Metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> kutsutaan yleisemmin silloin, kun oliosta muodostetaan merkkijonokuvaus <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiolla. Seuraava koodi esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio (1, 1) ... (4, 3)</p></sample-output><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> lisäksi olioon voidaan määritellä samantapainen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code>, joka antaa teknisen kuvauksen olion tilasta. Tutustumme tähän metodiin tarkemmin myöhemmin.</p><programming-exercise name='Sekuntikello' tmcname='osa08-11a_sekuntikello'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Sekuntikello</code> runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sekuntikello</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sekunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>minuutit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Laajenna luokkaa siten, että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sekuntikello<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3600</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>00:00\n00:01\n00:02\n... tässä välissä monta riviä\n00:59\n01:00\n01:01\n... tässä välissä erittäin monta riviä\n59:58\n59:59\n00:00\n00:01</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> vie siis kelloa sekunnin eteenpäin, ja sekä sekuntien että minuuttien arvo on suuruudeltaan korkeintaan 59. Lisäksi oliossa tulee olla metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka näyttää kellonajan yllä olevassa muodossa.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong> metodin <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> testailua voi helpottaa asettamalla tilapäisesti konstruktorissa sekunneille ja minuuteille valmiiksi jonkin suuremman arvon kuin 0.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kello' tmcname='osa08-12_kello'><p>Toteuta edellistä tehtävää laajentava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kello</code>, joka toimii seuraavaan tapaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">59</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aseta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n23:59:55\n23:59:56\n23:59:57\n23:59:58\n23:59:59\n00:00:00\n00:00:01\n12:05:00\n</sample-output><p>Konstruktori siis antaa kellon tunneille, minuuteille ja sekunneille alkuarvot. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> vie kelloa sekunnin eteenpäin ja metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">aseta</code> voi asettaa kellon tunneille ja minuuteille uuden arvon ja <em>nollata sekunnit</em>.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Maksukortti' tmcname='osa08-13_maksukortti'><p>Helsingin Yliopiston opiskelijaruokaloissa eli Unicafeissa opiskelijat maksavat lounaansa käyttäen maksukorttia.</p><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa tehdään luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>, jonka tarkoituksena on jäljitellä Unicafeissa tapahtuvaa maksutoimintaa.</p><h3 id=\"luokan-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokan runko<a href=\"#luokan-runko\" aria-label=\"luokan runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelmaan uusi luokka nimeltä <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>.</p><p>Tee ensin luokalle konstruktori, jolle annetaan kortin alkusaldo ja joka tallentaa sen olion sisäiseen muuttujaan. Tee sitten <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodi, joka palauttaa kortin saldon muodossa \"Kortilla on rahaa X euroa\". Rahamäärä tulee tulostaa yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan Maksukortti runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maksukortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkusaldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkusaldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulisi tuottaa seuraava tulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 50.0 euroa</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"kortilla-maksaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortilla maksaminen<a href=\"#kortilla-maksaminen\" aria-label=\"kortilla maksaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä Maksukortti-luokkaa seuraavilla metodeilla:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">syo_edullisesti</code> joka vähentää kortin saldoa 2.60 eurolla</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">syo_maukkaasti</code> joka vähentää kortin saldoa 4.60 eurolla</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraava pääohjelma testaa luokkaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulisi tuottaa seuraava tulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 50.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 47.4 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 40.2 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kortin saldo ei saa mennä negatiiviseksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 4.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 1.4 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 1.4 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Eli kortin saldo ei enää vähene jos maksettaessa saldo ei ole riittävä.</p><h3 id=\"kortin-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortin lataaminen<a href=\"#kortin-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"kortin lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Lisää <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_rahaa</code>.</p><p>Metodin tarkoituksena on kasvattaa kortin saldoa parametrina annetulla rahamäärällä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 10.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 25.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 35.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 235.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Jos kortille yritetään ladata negatiivinen summa, tulee metodin <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">tuottaa poikkeus</a> <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>File \"testi.py\", line 3, in maksukortti\nValueError: Kortille ei saa ladata negatiivista summaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong> että metodin tulee <em>tuottaa</em> poikkeus, katso <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">osan 6</a> materiaalista miten poikkeus tuotetaan. Metodi ei missään tilanteessa itse tulosta mitään!</p><h3 id=\"monta-korttia\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monta korttia<a href=\"#monta-korttia\" aria-label=\"monta korttia permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee pääohjelma, joka sisältää seuraavan tapahtumasarjan:</p><ul>\n<li>Luo Pekan kortti. Kortin alkusaldo on 20 euroa</li>\n<li>Luo Matin kortti. Kortin alkusaldo on 30 euroa</li>\n<li>Pekka syö maukkaasti</li>\n<li>Matti syö edullisesti</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n<li>Pekka lataa rahaa 20 euroa</li>\n<li>Matti syö maukkaasti</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n<li>Pekka syö edullisesti</li>\n<li>Pekka syö edullisesti</li>\n<li>Matti lataa rahaa 50 euroa</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n</ul><p>Pääohjelman runko</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pekan_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatin_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tee koodi tänne</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen tulee olla seuraava</p><sample-output><p>Pekka: Kortilla on rahaa 15.4 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 27.4 euroa\nPekka: Kortilla on rahaa 35.4 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 22.8 euroa\nPekka: Kortilla on rahaa 30.2 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 72.8 euroa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"esimerkki-2-tehtavalista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki 2: Tehtävälista<a href=\"#esimerkki-2-tehtavalista\" aria-label=\"esimerkki 2 tehtavalista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtavalista</code> toteuttaa tehtävälistan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tehtavalista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> prioriteetti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>prioriteetti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_seuraava</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi pop poistaa ja palauttaa listan viimeisen alkion</span>\n        tehtava <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen jälkimmäinen osa eli tehtävän nimi</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteensa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tyhjenna</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa</code> lisää listalle uuden tehtävän tietyllä prioriteetilla ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hae_seuraava</code> poistaa ja palauttaa listan suurimman prioriteetin tehtävän. Lisäksi metodi <code class=\"language-text\">yhteensa</code> antaa listan tehtävien yhteismäärän ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tyhjenna</code> tyhjentää listan.</p><p>Tehtäviä säilytetään sisäisesti listassa, jossa on tuplena kunkin tehtävän prioriteetti ja nimi. Prioriteetti tallennetaan ensin, jolloin tärkein tehtävä on listan lopussa listan järjestämisen jälkeen. Tämän ansiosta tehtävän saa haettua ja poistettua listalta kätevästi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>-metodilla.</p><p>Seuraava koodi esittelee luokan käyttämistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ulkoilu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"siivous\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"treffit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tyhjenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\nulkoilu\n2\n3\ntreffit\nopiskelu\n1\n0</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Sarja' tmcname='osa08-14_sarja'><h3 id=\"luokka-sarja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka Sarja<a href=\"#luokka-sarja\" aria-label=\"luokka sarja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Sarja</code>, joka toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">dexter <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>dexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Dexter (8 esityskautta)\ngenret: Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller\nei arvosteluja</p></sample-output><p>Konstruktorissa siis asetetaan sarjan nimi, sen esityskausien lukumäärä sekä lista, joka kertoo mitä genrejä sarja edustaa.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong> merkkijonotaulukko saadaan muutettua haluttuja välimerkkejä sisältäväksi merkkijonoksi metodin <code class=\"language-text\">join</code> avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmerkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"arvostelujen-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvostelujen lisääminen<a href=\"#arvostelujen-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"arvostelujen lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokalle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">arvostele(arvosana: int)</code>, jonka avulla sarjalle voi lisätä arvosanan, joka on kokonaisluku väliltä 0–5. Myös metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> tulee muuttaa niin, että se antaa arvostelujen määrän ja keskiarvon pyöristettynä yhden desimaalin tarkkuudelle (jos arvosteluja on annettu).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">dexter <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>dexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Dexter (8 esityskautta)\ngenret: Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller\narvosteluja 5, keskiarvo 3.4 pistettä</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"sarjojen-haku\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sarjojen haku<a href=\"#sarjojen-haku\" aria-label=\"sarjojen haku permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee kaksi funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">arvosana_vahintaan(arvosana: float, sarjat: list)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sisaltaa_genren(genre: str, sarjat: list)</code>, joiden avulla on mahdollista etsiä listalla olevia sarjoja.</p><p>Metodit toimivat seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"South Park\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Animation\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Romance\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosana vähintään 4.5:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvosana_vahintaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"genre Comedy:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sisaltaa_genren<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvosana vähintään 4.5:\nDexter</p><p>genre Comedy:\nSouth Park\nFriends</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että yllä oleva koodi ja testit olettavat, että luokassa on attribuutti <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>. Jos olet käyttänyt muuta nimeä, sinun kannattaa vaihtaa se nyt.</p></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"82ce577b-1caa-580f-baa7-bb2f14dd63af\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Lisää esimerkkejä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Comedy:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"for"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sarja "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"in"}]},{"type":"text","value":" sisaltaa_genren"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Comedy\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" sarjat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    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Jos olet käyttänyt muuta nimeä, sinun kannattaa vaihtaa se nyt."}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"82ce577b-1caa-580f-baa7-bb2f14dd63af"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat luoda aiempaa monipuolisempia luokkia</li>\n<li>Osaat määritellä luokkaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code></li>\n</ul></text-box><h2 id=\"esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki 1: Luokka Suorakulmio<a href=\"#esimerkki-1-luokka-suorakulmio\" aria-label=\"esimerkki 1 luokka suorakulmio permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi luokkaa, joka mallintaa suorakulmiota kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Suorakulmio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">tuple</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vasen_ylakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pinta_ala</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">piiri</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">siirra</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        kulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>x_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token operator\">+</span>y_muutos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Kun suorakulmio luodaan, konstruktorille annetaan kaksi tuplea: vasemman yläkulman ja oikean alakulman sijainti (x- ja y-koordinaatit). Konstruktori laskee tämän perusteella suorakulmion leveyden ja korkeuden.</p><p>Metodit <code class=\"language-text\">pinta_ala</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">piiri</code> laskevat suorakulmion pinta-alan ja piirin korkeuden ja leveyden perusteella. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">siirra</code> puolestaan siirtää suorakulmiota koordinaatistossa annetun verran x- ja y-suunnissa.</p><p>Huomaa, että suorakulmio esitetään koordinaatistossa, jossa x-koordinaatit kasvavat vasemmalta oikealle ja y-koordinaatit kasvavat ylhäältä alaspäin. Tämä on usein käytetty koordinaatisto ohjelmoinnissa, koska on luontevaa esittää tietokoneen näyttö niin, että vasemman yläkulman x- ja y-koordinaatti on 0.</p><p>Seuraava koodi testaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>leveys<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>korkeus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>piiri<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pinta_ala<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsuorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>siirra<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(1, 1)\n(4, 3)\n3\n2\n10\n6\n(4, 4)\n(7, 6)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"olion-tulostaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion tulostaminen<a href=\"#olion-tulostaminen\" aria-label=\"olion tulostaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kun omasta luokasta luotu olio tulostetaan sellaisenaan <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennolla, lopputulos ei ole kovin selkeä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa jotain seuraavankaltaista:</p><sample-output><p>&#x3C;<strong>main</strong>.Suorakulmio object at 0x000002D7BF148A90></p></sample-output><p>Järkevämpi tulostus saadaan lisäämällä luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa ymmärrettävän kuvauksen olion tilasta merkkijonona. Kun tämä metodi on määritelty, metodin palauttama kuvaus oliosta tulee näkyviin <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komennossa.</p><p>Lisätään luokkaan <code class=\"language-text\">Suorakulmio</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Suorakulmio</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokan muu sisältö tähän kuten ennenkin...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa olion tilan merkkijonona</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"suorakulmio </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vasen_ylakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ... </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>oikea_alakulma<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt <code class=\"language-text\">print</code>-komento tuottaa luettavan lopputuloksen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio (1, 1) ... (4, 3)</p></sample-output><p>Metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> kutsutaan yleisemmin silloin, kun oliosta muodostetaan merkkijonokuvaus <code class=\"language-text\">str</code>-funktiolla. Seuraava koodi esittelee asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">suorakulmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkuvaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suorakulmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kuvaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>suorakulmio (1, 1) ... (4, 3)</p></sample-output><p>Metodin <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> lisäksi olioon voidaan määritellä samantapainen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__repr__</code>, joka antaa teknisen kuvauksen olion tilasta. Tutustumme tähän metodiin tarkemmin myöhemmin.</p><programming-exercise name='Sekuntikello' tmcname='osa08-11a_sekuntikello'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on mukana luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Sekuntikello</code> runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sekuntikello</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sekunnit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>minuutit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Laajenna luokkaa siten, että se toimii seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sekuntikello<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3600</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>00:00\n00:01\n00:02\n... tässä välissä monta riviä\n00:59\n01:00\n01:01\n... tässä välissä erittäin monta riviä\n59:58\n59:59\n00:00\n00:01</p></sample-output><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> vie siis kelloa sekunnin eteenpäin, ja sekä sekuntien että minuuttien arvo on suuruudeltaan korkeintaan 59. Lisäksi oliossa tulee olla metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka näyttää kellonajan yllä olevassa muodossa.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong> metodin <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> testailua voi helpottaa asettamalla tilapäisesti konstruktorissa sekunneille ja minuuteille valmiiksi jonkin suuremman arvon kuin 0.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Kello' tmcname='osa08-12_kello'><p>Toteuta edellistä tehtävää laajentava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kello</code>, joka toimii seuraavaan tapaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kello <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">59</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">55</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tick<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkello<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aseta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kello<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output>\n23:59:55\n23:59:56\n23:59:57\n23:59:58\n23:59:59\n00:00:00\n00:00:01\n12:05:00\n</sample-output><p>Konstruktori siis antaa kellon tunneille, minuuteille ja sekunneille alkuarvot. Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tick</code> vie kelloa sekunnin eteenpäin ja metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">aseta</code> voi asettaa kellon tunneille ja minuuteille uuden arvon ja <em>nollata sekunnit</em>.</p></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Maksukortti' tmcname='osa08-13_maksukortti'><p>Helsingin Yliopiston opiskelijaruokaloissa eli Unicafeissa opiskelijat maksavat lounaansa käyttäen maksukorttia.</p><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa tehdään luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>, jonka tarkoituksena on jäljitellä Unicafeissa tapahtuvaa maksutoimintaa.</p><h3 id=\"luokan-runko\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokan runko<a href=\"#luokan-runko\" aria-label=\"luokan runko permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee ohjelmaan uusi luokka nimeltä <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>.</p><p>Tee ensin luokalle konstruktori, jolle annetaan kortin alkusaldo ja joka tallentaa sen olion sisäiseen muuttujaan. Tee sitten <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodi, joka palauttaa kortin saldon muodossa \"Kortilla on rahaa X euroa\". Rahamäärä tulee tulostaa yhden desimaalin tarkkuudella.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan Maksukortti runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maksukortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alkusaldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alkusaldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulisi tuottaa seuraava tulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 50.0 euroa</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"kortilla-maksaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortilla maksaminen<a href=\"#kortilla-maksaminen\" aria-label=\"kortilla maksaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Täydennä Maksukortti-luokkaa seuraavilla metodeilla:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">syo_edullisesti</code> joka vähentää kortin saldoa 2.60 eurolla</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">syo_maukkaasti</code> joka vähentää kortin saldoa 4.60 eurolla</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraava pääohjelma testaa luokkaa</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulisi tuottaa seuraava tulostus:</p><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 50.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 47.4 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 40.2 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että kortin saldo ei saa mennä negatiiviseksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 4.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 1.4 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 1.4 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Eli kortin saldo ei enää vähene jos maksettaessa saldo ei ole riittävä.</p><h3 id=\"kortin-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortin lataaminen<a href=\"#kortin-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"kortin lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Lisää <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lataa_rahaa</code>.</p><p>Metodin tarkoituksena on kasvattaa kortin saldoa parametrina annetulla rahamäärällä.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla on rahaa 10.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 25.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 35.0 euroa\nKortilla on rahaa 235.0 euroa</p></sample-output><p>Jos kortille yritetään ladata negatiivinen summa, tulee metodin <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">tuottaa poikkeus</a> <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>File \"testi.py\", line 3, in maksukortti\nValueError: Kortille ei saa ladata negatiivista summaa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong> että metodin tulee <em>tuottaa</em> poikkeus, katso <a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">osan 6</a> materiaalista miten poikkeus tuotetaan. Metodi ei missään tilanteessa itse tulosta mitään!</p><h3 id=\"monta-korttia\" style=\"position:relative;\">Monta korttia<a href=\"#monta-korttia\" aria-label=\"monta korttia permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee pääohjelma, joka sisältää seuraavan tapahtumasarjan:</p><ul>\n<li>Luo Pekan kortti. Kortin alkusaldo on 20 euroa</li>\n<li>Luo Matin kortti. Kortin alkusaldo on 30 euroa</li>\n<li>Pekka syö maukkaasti</li>\n<li>Matti syö edullisesti</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n<li>Pekka lataa rahaa 20 euroa</li>\n<li>Matti syö maukkaasti</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n<li>Pekka syö edullisesti</li>\n<li>Pekka syö edullisesti</li>\n<li>Matti lataa rahaa 50 euroa</li>\n<li><em>Korttien arvot tulostetaan (molemmat omalle rivilleen, rivin alkuun kortin omistajan nimi)</em></li>\n</ul><p>Pääohjelman runko</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pekan_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatin_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># tee koodi tänne</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen tulee olla seuraava</p><sample-output><p>Pekka: Kortilla on rahaa 15.4 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 27.4 euroa\nPekka: Kortilla on rahaa 35.4 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 22.8 euroa\nPekka: Kortilla on rahaa 30.2 euroa\nMatti: Kortilla on rahaa 72.8 euroa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"esimerkki-2-tehtavalista\" style=\"position:relative;\">Esimerkki 2: Tehtävälista<a href=\"#esimerkki-2-tehtavalista\" aria-label=\"esimerkki 2 tehtavalista permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Seuraava luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tehtavalista</code> toteuttaa tehtävälistan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tehtavalista</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> prioriteetti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>prioriteetti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_seuraava</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sort<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi pop poistaa ja palauttaa listan viimeisen alkion</span>\n        tehtava <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Palautetaan tuplen jälkimmäinen osa eli tehtävän nimi</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> tehtava<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteensa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tyhjenna</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehtavat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa</code> lisää listalle uuden tehtävän tietyllä prioriteetilla ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hae_seuraava</code> poistaa ja palauttaa listan suurimman prioriteetin tehtävän. Lisäksi metodi <code class=\"language-text\">yhteensa</code> antaa listan tehtävien yhteismäärän ja metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tyhjenna</code> tyhjentää listan.</p><p>Tehtäviä säilytetään sisäisesti listassa, jossa on tuplena kunkin tehtävän prioriteetti ja nimi. Prioriteetti tallennetaan ensin, jolloin tärkein tehtävä on listan lopussa listan järjestämisen jälkeen. Tämän ansiosta tehtävän saa haettua ja poistettua listalta kätevästi <code class=\"language-text\">pop</code>-metodilla.</p><p>Seuraava koodi esittelee luokan käyttämistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tehtavalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"opiskelu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"ulkoilu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">60</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"siivous\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"treffit\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_seuraava<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tyhjenna<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteensa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>3\nulkoilu\n2\n3\ntreffit\nopiskelu\n1\n0</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Sarja' tmcname='osa08-14_sarja'><h3 id=\"luokka-sarja\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokka Sarja<a href=\"#luokka-sarja\" aria-label=\"luokka sarja permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Sarja</code>, joka toimii seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">dexter <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>dexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Dexter (8 esityskautta)\ngenret: Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller\nei arvosteluja</p></sample-output><p>Konstruktorissa siis asetetaan sarjan nimi, sen esityskausien lukumäärä sekä lista, joka kertoo mitä genrejä sarja edustaa.</p><p><strong>Vihje:</strong> merkkijonotaulukko saadaan muutettua haluttuja välimerkkejä sisältäväksi merkkijonoksi metodin <code class=\"language-text\">join</code> avulla seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmerkkijono <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\", \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>join<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkkijono<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"arvostelujen-lisaaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Arvostelujen lisääminen<a href=\"#arvostelujen-lisaaminen\" aria-label=\"arvostelujen lisaaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee luokalle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">arvostele(arvosana: int)</code>, jonka avulla sarjalle voi lisätä arvosanan, joka on kokonaisluku väliltä 0–5. Myös metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> tulee muuttaa niin, että se antaa arvostelujen määrän ja keskiarvon pyöristettynä yhden desimaalin tarkkuudelle (jos arvosteluja on annettu).</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">dexter <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ndexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>dexter<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Dexter (8 esityskautta)\ngenret: Crime, Drama, Mystery, Thriller\narvosteluja 5, keskiarvo 3.4 pistettä</p></sample-output><h3 id=\"sarjojen-haku\" style=\"position:relative;\">Sarjojen haku<a href=\"#sarjojen-haku\" aria-label=\"sarjojen haku permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h3><p>Tee kaksi funktiota <code class=\"language-text\">arvosana_vahintaan(arvosana: float, sarjat: list)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">sisaltaa_genren(genre: str, sarjat: list)</code>, joiden avulla on mahdollista etsiä listalla olevia sarjoja.</p><p>Metodit toimivat seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Dexter\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Crime\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Drama\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Mystery\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Thriller\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ns2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"South Park\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">24</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Animation\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ns3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Friends\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Romance\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ns3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvostele<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsarjat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"arvosana vähintään 4.5:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> arvosana_vahintaan<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4.5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"genre Comedy:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sarja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sisaltaa_genren<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Comedy\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sarjat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sarja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>arvosana vähintään 4.5:\nDexter</p><p>genre Comedy:\nSouth Park\nFriends</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että yllä oleva koodi ja testit olettavat, että luokassa on attribuutti <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code>. 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variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten olioita voi tallentaa tietorakenteisiin</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten olioiden välitys parametrina toimii</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Pythonissa kaikki arvot ovat olioita ja myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käsitellä kuin mitä tahansa muitakin olioita. Esimerkiksi olioita voidaan tallentaa listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kurssisuoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suorituspvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kurssi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorituspvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorituspvm\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari kurssisuoritusta ja lisätään listaan</span>\n    suoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    mat1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matematiikka 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ohj1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmointi 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mat1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohj1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään suoraan listaan muutama</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fysiikka 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmointi 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Käydään läpi kaikki suoritukset, tulostetaan nimet ja lasketaan opintopisteet yhteen</span>\n    opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteitä yhteensä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Matematiikka 1\nOhjelmointi 1\nFysiikka 2\nOhjelmointi 2\nOpintopisteitä yhteensä: 20</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Nopein auto' tmcname='osa09-01_nopein_auto'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa oleva luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code> mallintaa autoa kahden attribuutin avulla: <code class=\"language-text\">merkki (str)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">huippunopeus (int)</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nopein_auto(autot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>-luokan olioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listassa olevista autoista nopeimman auton merkin. Voit olettaa, että nopein auto on yksikäsitteinen. Älä muuta alkuperäistä listaa tai luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion testauksesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    auto1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mersu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">195</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lada\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ferrari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">280</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Trabant\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    autot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>auto1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nopein_auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>autot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ferrari</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Hyväksytyt suoritukset' tmcname='osa09-02_hyvaksytyt_suoritukset'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>, joka mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti koesuoritusta. Sillä on kaksi attribuuttia, <code class=\"language-text\">suorittaja (str)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pisteet (int)</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksytyt(suoritukset: list, pisteraja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan koesuorituksia ja alimman hyväksytyn pistemäärän kokonaislukuna.</p><p>Funktio muodostaa ja palauttaa uuden listan, johon on tallennettu ainoastaan hyväksytyt suoritukset listalta. Älä muuta alkuperäistä listaa tai luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirkko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Petriina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hyv <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hyvaksytyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> hyvaksytty <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hyv<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hyvaksytty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Koesuoritus (suorittaja: Pirjo, pisteet: 19)\nKoesuoritus (suorittaja: Pauli, pisteet: 15)\nKoesuoritus (suorittaja: Petriina, pisteet: 17)</p></programming-exercise><p>Listaan ei tarkkaan ottaen tallenneta olioita vaan <em>viittauksia olioihin</em>. Niinpä sama olio voi esiintyä listassa useaan kertaan ja samaan olioon voidaan viitata useaan kertaan listassa ja sen ulkopuolella. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yksikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yksikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> yksikko\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kauppalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    maito <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"litra\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maito<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maito<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kurkku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kpl\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 313px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 64.34782608695653%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/a0b58/9_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/12766/9_1_1.webp 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/81c8e/9_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png\" alt=\"9 1 1\" title=\"9 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos samaan olioon on useampi kuin yksi viittaus, on lopputuloksen kannalta yhdentekevää, mitä viittauksista käytetään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Koira</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi\n\nkoirat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmusti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Koirat alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kohdan 0 koira saa uuden nimen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Rekku\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kohdan 2 koira saa uuden nimen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Fifi\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Koirat alussa:\nMusti\nMusti\nMusti\nKohdan 0 koira saa uuden nimen:\nRekku\nRekku\nMusti\nKohdan 2 koira saa uuden nimen:\nRekku\nRekku\nFifi</p></sample-output><p>Listan kohdissa 0 ja 1 on viittaus samaan olioon,  joten olion sisältöä voidaan muuttaa kumman tahansa viittauksen kautta. Listan kohdassa 2 on kuitenkin viittaus toiseen olioon, minkä vuoksi tämän olion muuttaminen ei muuta muita.</p><p>Operaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">is</code> voidaan tutkia, onko kyseessä täysin sama olio, ja operaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">==</code> voidaan tutkia, onko kyseessä saman sisältöinen olio. Seuraava koodi havainnollistaa asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista1\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue\nFalse</p><p>True\nTrue\nTrue</p></sample-output><p>Omista luokista muodostettuja olioita voidaan myös tallentaa esimerkiksi sanakirjaan ja muihin tietorakenteisiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> op<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>op <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> op\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Käytetään avaimena opiskelijanumeroa ja arvona Opiskelija-oliota</span>\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">67</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visualisaattori</a> osaa havainnollistaa nämäkin asiat hienosti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/15171/9_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/a0b58/9_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/bc10c/9_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/966d8/9_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/445df/9_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/78de1/9_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/995bd/9_1_2.webp 2230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/81c8e/9_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/08a84/9_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/c0255/9_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/b1001/9_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/161ec/9_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/15171/9_1_2.png 2230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/c0255/9_1_2.png\" alt=\"9 1 2\" title=\"9 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"selfilla-vai-ilman\" style=\"position:relative;\">Selfillä vai ilman?<a href=\"#selfilla-vai-ilman\" aria-label=\"selfilla vai ilman permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä vaiheessa kurssia <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määre saattaa vaikuttaa vielä hämärältä. Käytetään siis hetki sen pohtimiseen, milloin selfiä tulee käyttää, ja milloin sitä kannattaa olla käyttämättä.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkaa, jonka avulla joukosta sanoja on mahdollista muodostaa sanasto:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsanasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio-ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nörtti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>nörtti\nolio\nolio-ohjelmointi\npython</p></sample-output><p>Luokka tallentaa sanalistan oliomuuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">self.sanat</code>. Tässä tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> tarvitaan ehdottomasti sekä luokan konstruktorissa että luokan muissa metodeissa tähän muuttujaan viitatessa, koska muuten sama lista ei ole kaikkien olion metodien käytettävissä.</p><p>Lisätään luokalle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_sana(self)</code> joka selvittää nimensä mukaisesti sanaston pisimmän sanan (tai yhden niistä).</p><p>Tehtävän voisi toteuttaa vaikkapa seuraavasti, mutta näemme kohta miksei se ole kovin hyvä idea:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään kaksi apumuuttujaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin</code></pre></div><p>Metodi siis käyttää kahta apumuuttujaa, jotka on määritelty käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä. Jos vielä halutaan hämmentää ohjelmakoodia lukevaa, apumuuttujat voisi lisäksi nimetä kryptisemmin, esim. <code class=\"language-text\">apu</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">apu2</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään kaksi apumuuttujaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu</code></pre></div><p>Kun muuttujan määrittely tehdään <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla, liitetään muuttuja olion attribuutiksi, eli muuttuja tulee olemaan edelleen olemassa myös metodin suorituksen päätyttyä. Tämä on aivan tarpeetonta, koska kyseisiä apumuuttujia on tarkoitus käyttää vain metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_sana(self)</code>. Apumuuttujien määrittely <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla on siis varsin huono idea.</p><p>Paitsi turhaa, apumuuttujien liittäminen <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreellä olion attribuuteiksi on myös riskialtista, varsinkin epämääräisesti nimettyjen apumuuttujien tapauksessa. Jos samaa apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">self.apu</code> käytetään monessa eri metodissa mutta täysin eri tarkoituksiin, voivat seuraukset olla arvaamattomat ja koodissa voi ilmetä hankalasti löydettäviä bugeja.</p><p>Ongelma voi tulla esiin erityisesti silloin jos apumuuttujan alkuarvo annetaan jossain muualla, esimerkiksi konstruktorissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään apumuuttujia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ei toimi sillä apu2:n tyyppi on väärä</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu</code></pre></div><p>Toisaalta uusien olion attribuuttien määrittely <em>muualla</em> kuin konstruktorissa on sikäli vaarallista, että tällöin olion attribuutit riippuvat siitä, mitä metodeja on suoritettu. Kaikilla saman luokan avulla luoduilla olioilla ei välttämättä ole samoja attribuutteja, mistä seuraa helposti bugeja.</p><p>Siispä oikea tapa määritellä yhdessä metodissa käytettävät apumuuttujat on tehdä se <em>ilman</em> <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä on oikea tapa määritellä yhden metodin sisäiset apumuuttujat</span>\n        pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pisin</code></pre></div><p>Tällaisessa toteutuksessa apumuuttujat ovat olemassa ainoastaan metodin suorituksen aikana, ja niissä olevat arvot eivät pääse aiheuttamaan komplikaatioita muussa koodissa.</p><h2 id=\"oliot-funktioiden-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot funktioiden parametrina<a href=\"#oliot-funktioiden-parametrina\" aria-label=\"oliot funktioiden parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Omista luokista luodut oliot ovat yleensä muuttuvia eli mutatoituvia, joten niiden toiminta parametrina välitettäessä muistuttaa esimerkiksi listoista tuttua tapaa: funktio, jolle olio välitetään parametrina, voi muuttaa kyseistä oliota.</p><p>Tarkastellaan yksinkertaista esimerkkiä, jossa funktiolle välitetään <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokasta luotu olio. Funktion sisällä muutetaan opiskelijan nimi, ja muutos näkyy myös pääohjelmassa, koska molemmissa tilanteissa viitataan samaan olioon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että tyyppivihjeenä käytetään nyt oman luokan nimeä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muuta_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan opiskelijaolio</span>\nolli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Oppilas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuuta_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olli Oppilas (12345)\nOlli Opiskelija (12345)</p></sample-output><p>Olion voi myös luoda funktion sisällä. Mikäli funktio palauttaa viittauksen olioon, on muodostettu olio käytettävissä myös pääohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> choice\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Funktio luo ja palauttaa Opiskelija-olion, jolla on satunnainen nimi ja opiskelijanumero</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    etunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virtanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lahtinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Leinonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># arvo nimi</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>etunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Arvo opiskelijanumero</span>\n    opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">99999</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luo ja palauta opiskelijaolio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan metodia viidesti, tallennetaan tulokset listaan</span>\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mari Lahtinen (36213)\nArto Virtanen (11859)\nMari Pythonen (77330)\nArto Pythonen (86451)\nMinna Pythonen (86211)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"oliot-metodien-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot metodien parametrina<a href=\"#oliot-metodien-parametrina\" aria-label=\"oliot metodien parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Oliot toimivat normaaliin tapaan myös <em>metodien</em> parametrina. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Huvipuistolaite</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituusraja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituusraja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituusraja\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ota_kyytiin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituusraja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> pääsi kyytiin\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> liian lyhyt :(\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kävijää)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Huvipuistolaitteen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">ota_kyytiin</code> saa nyt parametrina luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> olion. Jos kävijä on riittävän pitkä, metodi päästää hänet laitteeseen ja lisää kävijöiden määrää. Seuraavassa esimerkkisuoritus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">hurjakuru <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huvipuistolaite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hurjakuru\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">120</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njarkko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jarkko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvenla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">105</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_kyytiin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarkko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_kyytiin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>venla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jarkko pääsi kyytiin\nVenla liian lyhyt :(\nHurjakuru (1 kävijää)</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kasvatuslaitos' tmcname='osa09-03_kasvatuslaitos'><p>Tehtäväpohjassasi on valmiina jo luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> sekä runko luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Kasvatuslaitos</code>. Kasvatuslaitosoliot käsittelevät ihmisiä eri tavalla, esim. punnitsevat ja syöttävät ihmisiä. Rakennamme tässä tehtävässä kasvatuslaitoksen. Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> koodiin ei tehtävässä ole tarkoitus koskea!</p><h2 id=\"henkiloiden-punnitseminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Henkilöiden punnitseminen<a href=\"#henkiloiden-punnitseminen\" aria-label=\"henkiloiden punnitseminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kasvatuslaitoksen luokkarungossa on valmiina runko metodille punnitse:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kasvatuslaitos</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">punnitse</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># palautetaan parametrina annetun henkilön paino</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi saa parametrina henkilön ja metodin on tarkoitus palauttaa kutsujalleen parametrina olevan henkilön paino. Paino selviää pyytämällä parametrina olevalta henkilöltä <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo</code> sopiva attribuutti. Sinun tulee täydentää <code class=\"language-text\">punnitse</code>-metodin koodia.</p><p>Seuraavassa on pääohjelma jossa kasvatuslaitos punnitsee kaksi henkilöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eero painaa 7 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"syottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syöttäminen<a href=\"#syottaminen\" aria-label=\"syottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Parametrina olevan olion tilaa on mahdollista muuttaa. Tee kasvatuslaitokselle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">syota(henkilo: Henkilo)</code> joka kasvattaa parametrina olevan henkilön painoa yhdellä.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki, jossa henkilöt ensin punnitaan ja tämän jälkeen neuvolassa syötetään Eeroa kolme kertaa. Tämän jälkeen henkilöt taas punnitaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen pitäisi paljastaa, että Eeron paino on noussut kolmella:</p><sample-output><p>Eero painaa 7 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p><p>Eero painaa 10 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"punnitusten-laskeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Punnitusten laskeminen<a href=\"#punnitusten-laskeminen\" aria-label=\"punnitusten laskeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee kasvatuslaitokselle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">punnitukset()</code> joka kertoo, kuinka monta punnitusta kasvatuslaitos on ylipäätään tehnyt. Huom! Tarvitset uuden oliomuuttujan punnitusten lukumäärän laskemiseen. Testipääohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Punnituksia tehty 0\nPunnituksia tehty 2\nPunnituksia tehty 6</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Maksukortti ja kassapääte' tmcname='osa09-04_maksukortti_ja_kassapaate'><p>Teimme edellisessä osan <a href=\"/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja#programming-exercise-maksukortti\">tehtävässä</a> luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>. Kortilla oli metodit edullisesti ja maukkaasti syömistä sekä rahan lataamista varten.</p><p>Edellisen osan tyylillä tehdyssä <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokassa oli kuitenkin ongelma. Kortti tiesi lounaiden hinnan ja osasi sen ansiosta vähentää saldoa oikean määrän. Entä kun hinnat nousevat? Tai jos myyntivalikoimaan tulee uusia tuotteita? Hintojen muuttaminen tarkoittaisi, että kaikki jo käytössä olevat kortit pitäisi korvata uudet hinnat tuntevilla korteilla.</p><p>Parempi ratkaisu on tehdä kortit \"tyhmiksi\", hinnoista ja myytävistä tuotteista tietämättömiksi pelkän saldon säilyttäjiksi. Kaikki äly kannattaakin laittaa erillisiin olioihin, kassapäätteisiin.</p><h2 id=\"tyhma-maksukortti\" style=\"position:relative;\">\"Tyhmä\" maksukortti<a href=\"#tyhma-maksukortti\" aria-label=\"tyhma maksukortti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteutetaan ensin <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokasta \"tyhmä\" versio. Kortilla on ainoastaan metodit saldon kysymiseen, rahan lataamiseen ja rahan ottamiseen. Täydennä alla ja tehtäväpohjassa olevaan luokkaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">ota_rahaa(maara)</code> ohjeen mukaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maksukortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> lisays\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ota_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Toteuta metodi siten, että se ottaa kortilta rahaa vain, jos saldoa riittää</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Onnistuessaan metodi palauttaa True ja muuten False</span></code></pre></div><p>Testipääohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnistuiko otto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnistuiko otto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Rahaa 10\nOnnistuiko otto: True\nRahaa 2\nOnnistuiko otto: False\nRahaa 2</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kassapaate-ja-kateiskauppa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kassapääte ja käteiskauppa<a href=\"#kassapaate-ja-kateiskauppa\" aria-label=\"kassapaate ja kateiskauppa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Unicafessa asioidessa asiakas maksaa joko käteisellä tai maksukortilla. Myyjä käyttää kassapäätettä kortin veloittamiseen ja käteismaksujen hoitamiseen. Tehdään ensin kassapäätteestä käteismaksuihin sopiva versio.</p><p>Kassapäätteen runko on seuraavanlainen. Metodien kommentit kertovat halutun toiminnallisuuden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kassapaate</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kassassa on aluksi 1000 euroa rahaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_edullisesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maksu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Edullinen lounas maksaa 2.50 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan kassan rahamäärää edullisen lounaan hinnalla ja palautetaan vaihtorahat</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos parametrina annettu maksu ei ole riittävän suuri, ei lounasta myydä ja metodi palauttaa koko summan</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_maukkaasti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maksu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Maukas lounas maksaa 4.30 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan kassan rahamäärää maukkaan lounaan hinnalla ja palautetaan vaihtorahat</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos parametrina annettu maksu ei ole riittävän suuri, ei lounasta myydä ja metodi palauttaa koko summan</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4.3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vaihtorahaa jäi 7.5\nVaihtorahaa jäi 2.5\nVaihtorahaa jäi 0.0\nKassassa rahaa 1009.3\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 2\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kortilla-maksaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortilla maksaminen<a href=\"#kortilla-maksaminen\" aria-label=\"kortilla maksaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan kassapäätettä siten, että myös kortilla voi maksaa. Teemme kassapäätteelle siis metodit, joiden parametrina kassapääte saa maksukortin, jolta se vähentää valitun lounaan hinnan. Seuraavassa ovat uusien metodien rungot ja ohje niiden toteuttamiseksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kassapaate</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_edullisesti_kortilla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Edullinen lounas maksaa 2.50 euroa</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kortilla on tarpeeksi rahaa, vähennetään hinta kortilta ja palautetaan True</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten palautetaan False</span>\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_maukkaasti_kortilla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Maukas lounas maksaa 4.30 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kortilla on tarpeeksi rahaa, vähennetään hinta kortilta ja palautetaan True</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten palautetaan False</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Huom:</strong> kortilla maksaminen ei lisää kassapäätteessä olevan käteisen määrää.</p><p>Seuraavassa on testipääohjelma ja haluttu tulostus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vaihtorahaa jäi 7.5\nRiittikö raha: True\nRiittikö raha: False\nRiittikö raha: True\nKassassa rahaa 1002.5\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 2\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"rahan-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rahan lataaminen<a href=\"#rahan-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"rahan lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisätään vielä kassapäätteelle metodi jonka avulla kortille voidaan ladata lisää rahaa. Muista, että rahan lataamisen yhteydessä ladattava summa viedään kassapäätteeseen. Metodin runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_rahaa_kortille</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Testipääohjelma ja esimerkkisyöte:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nantin_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nexactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa_kortille<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla rahaa 2 euroa\nRiittikö raha: False\nKortilla rahaa 102 euroa\nRiittikö raha: True\nKortilla rahaa 97.7 euroa\nKassassa rahaa 1100\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 0\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"saman-luokan-oliot-metodien-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Saman luokan oliot metodien parametrina<a href=\"#saman-luokan-oliot-metodien-parametrina\" aria-label=\"saman luokan oliot metodien parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan jälleen kerran yhtä versiota luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt</code></pre></div><p>Oletetaan että olemme tekemässä ohjelmaa, joka vertailee henkilöiden ikiä. Voisimme tehdä tarkoitusta varten erillisen funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nmuhammad <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">780</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npascal <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Blaise Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1623</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ngrace <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Grace Hopper\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1906</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi on vanhempi kuin Blaise Pascal\nGrace Hopper ei ole vanhempi kuin  Blaise Pascal</p></sample-output><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnin henkeen kuuluu kuitenkin sijoittaa oliota käsittelevät \"funktiot\" luokan metodeiksi. Voisimmekin tehdä henkilölle metodin, jonka avulla henkilön ikää voidaan verrata <em>toiseen</em> henkilöön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että tyyppivihje pitää antaa hipsuissa jos parametri on saman luokan olio!</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Henkilo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis olio itse on <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">toinen</code> on henkilöolio, joka toimii vertailukohtana.</p><p>Huomaa, miten metodin kutsuminen eroaa funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">muhammad <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">780</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npascal <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Blaise Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1623</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ngrace <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Grace Hopper\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1906</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pisteen vasemmalla puolella on siis verrattava henkilö, eli olio, johon metodin suorituksessa viittaa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>. Metodin parametrina taas on vertailukohta, eli metodin suorituksessa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">toinen</code> viittaama olio.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus on sama kuin edellisessä funktiota käyttäneessä esimerkissä.</p><p>Huomaa, että if-else-rakenne metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">vanhempi_kuin</code> on oikeastaan turha, sillä vertailun arvona on suoraan haluamamme totuusarvo. Voimme siis yksinkertaistaa metodia seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että tyyppivihje pitää antaa hipsuissa jos parametri on saman luokan olio!</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Henkilo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><p>Edellisestä esimerkistä kannattaa huomata se, että kun metodi saa parametrikseen toisen saman luokan olion, tulee tyyppivihje antaa hipsuissa, eli seuraava koodi aiheuttaisi virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ei toimi, Henkilo pitaa olla hipsuissa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Asuntovertailu' tmcname='osa09-05_asuntovertailu'><p>Asuntovälitystoimiston tietojärjestelmässä kuvataan myynnissä olevaa asuntoa seuraavasta luokasta tehdyillä olioilla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Asunto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huoneita<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nelioita<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> neliohinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huoneita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huoneita\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nelioita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nelioita\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>neliohinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> neliohinta</code></pre></div><p>Tehtävänä on toteuttaa metodeita, joiden avulla myynnissä olevia asuntoja voidaan vertailla.</p><h2 id=\"onko-suurempi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Onko suurempi<a href=\"#onko-suurempi\" aria-label=\"onko suurempi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suurempi(self, verrattava)</code>, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos asunto-olio itse on pinta-alaltaan suurempi kuin verrattava asunto-olio.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"hintaero\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hintaero<a href=\"#hintaero\" aria-label=\"hintaero permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hintaero(self, verrattava)</code>, joka palauttaa asunto-olion ja verrattavan asunto-olion hintaeron. Hintaero on asuntojen hintojen erotuksen (hinta lasketaan kertomalla neliöhinta neliöillä) itseisarvo.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hintaero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hintaero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>71600\n35400</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"onko-kalliimpi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Onko kalliimpi?<a href=\"#onko-kalliimpi\" aria-label=\"onko kalliimpi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">kalliimpi(self, verrattava)</code> joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos asunto-olio on kalliimpi kuin verrattavana oleva asunto-olio.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kalliimpi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kalliimpi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset","title":"Oliot ja 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variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten olioita voi tallentaa tietorakenteisiin</li>\n<li>Tiedät, miten olioiden välitys parametrina toimii</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Pythonissa kaikki arvot ovat olioita ja myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käsitellä kuin mitä tahansa muitakin olioita. Esimerkiksi olioita voidaan tallentaa listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> datetime <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> date\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kurssisuoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> suorituspvm<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kurssi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suorituspvm <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> suorituspvm\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan pari kurssisuoritusta ja lisätään listaan</span>\n    suoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    mat1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matematiikka 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    ohj1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmointi 1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>mat1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ohj1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään suoraan listaan muutama</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Fysiikka 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2019</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Kurssisuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmointi 2\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> date<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2020</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Käydään läpi kaikki suoritukset, tulostetaan nimet ja lasketaan opintopisteet yhteen</span>\n    opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteitä yhteensä:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Matematiikka 1\nOhjelmointi 1\nFysiikka 2\nOhjelmointi 2\nOpintopisteitä yhteensä: 20</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Nopein auto' tmcname='osa09-01_nopein_auto'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa oleva luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code> mallintaa autoa kahden attribuutin avulla: <code class=\"language-text\">merkki (str)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">huippunopeus (int)</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">nopein_auto(autot: list)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>-luokan olioita.</p><p>Funktio palauttaa listassa olevista autoista nopeimman auton merkin. Voit olettaa, että nopein auto on yksikäsitteinen. Älä muuta alkuperäistä listaa tai luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion testauksesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    auto1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mersu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">195</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lada\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ferrari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">280</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    auto4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Trabant\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    autot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>auto1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> auto4<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nopein_auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>autot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Ferrari</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Hyväksytyt suoritukset' tmcname='osa09-02_hyvaksytyt_suoritukset'><p>Tehtäväpohjasta löytyy luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>, joka mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti koesuoritusta. Sillä on kaksi attribuuttia, <code class=\"language-text\">suorittaja (str)</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">pisteet (int)</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita funktio <code class=\"language-text\">hyvaksytyt(suoritukset: list, pisteraja: int)</code>, joka saa parametrikseen listan koesuorituksia ja alimman hyväksytyn pistemäärän kokonaislukuna.</p><p>Funktio muodostaa ja palauttaa uuden listan, johon on tallennettu ainoastaan hyväksytyt suoritukset listalta. Älä muuta alkuperäistä listaa tai luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Koesuoritus</code>.</p><p>Esimerkki funktion käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    s1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">12</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirjo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">19</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pauli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pirkko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">9</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    s5 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koesuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Petriina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">17</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    hyv <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> hyvaksytyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>s1<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s2<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s3<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s4<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> s5<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">15</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> hyvaksytty <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> hyv<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hyvaksytty<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Koesuoritus (suorittaja: Pirjo, pisteet: 19)\nKoesuoritus (suorittaja: Pauli, pisteet: 15)\nKoesuoritus (suorittaja: Petriina, pisteet: 17)</p></programming-exercise><p>Listaan ei tarkkaan ottaen tallenneta olioita vaan <em>viittauksia olioihin</em>. Niinpä sama olio voi esiintyä listassa useaan kertaan ja samaan olioon voidaan viitata useaan kertaan listassa ja sen ulkopuolella. Esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Tuote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> yksikko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yksikko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> yksikko\n\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kauppalista <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    maito <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maito\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"litra\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maito<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maito<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    kauppalista<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Tuote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kurkku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"kpl\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 313px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 64.34782608695653%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/a0b58/9_1_1.webp 230w,\n/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/12766/9_1_1.webp 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/81c8e/9_1_1.png 230w,\n/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/13e71ea262de820629eb873bb73f2d94/80977/9_1_1.png\" alt=\"9 1 1\" title=\"9 1 1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><p>Jos samaan olioon on useampi kuin yksi viittaus, on lopputuloksen kannalta yhdentekevää, mitä viittauksista käytetään:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Koira</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi\n\nkoirat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nmusti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>musti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Musti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Koirat alussa:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kohdan 0 koira saa uuden nimen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Rekku\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kohdan 2 koira saa uuden nimen:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkoirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Fifi\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> koira <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> koirat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>koira<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Koirat alussa:\nMusti\nMusti\nMusti\nKohdan 0 koira saa uuden nimen:\nRekku\nRekku\nMusti\nKohdan 2 koira saa uuden nimen:\nRekku\nRekku\nFifi</p></sample-output><p>Listan kohdissa 0 ja 1 on viittaus samaan olioon,  joten olion sisältöä voidaan muuttaa kumman tahansa viittauksen kautta. Listan kohdassa 2 on kuitenkin viittaus toiseen olioon, minkä vuoksi tämän olion muuttaminen ei muuta muita.</p><p>Operaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">is</code> voidaan tutkia, onko kyseessä täysin sama olio, ja operaattorilla <code class=\"language-text\">==</code> voidaan tutkia, onko kyseessä saman sisältöinen olio. Seuraava koodi havainnollistaa asiaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nlista3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> lista1\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2 <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista1 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lista2 <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> lista3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue\nFalse</p><p>True\nTrue\nTrue</p></sample-output><p>Omista luokista muodostettuja olioita voidaan myös tallentaa esimerkiksi sanakirjaan ja muihin tietorakenteisiin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> op<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>op <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> op\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Käytetään avaimena opiskelijanumeroa ja arvona Opiskelija-oliota</span>\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">67</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p><a href=\"http://www.pythontutor.com/visualize.html#mode=edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visualisaattori</a> osaa havainnollistaa nämäkin asiat hienosti:</p><span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-wrapper\" style=\"position: relative; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 920px; margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n      <a class=\"gatsby-resp-image-link\" href=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/15171/9_1_2.png\" style=\"display: block\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n    <span class=\"gatsby-resp-image-background-image\" style=\"padding-bottom: 43.04347826086957%; position: relative; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-size: cover; display: block;\"></span>\n  <picture>\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/a0b58/9_1_2.webp 230w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/bc10c/9_1_2.webp 460w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/966d8/9_1_2.webp 920w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/445df/9_1_2.webp 1380w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/78de1/9_1_2.webp 1840w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/995bd/9_1_2.webp 2230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/webp\">\n          <source srcset=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/81c8e/9_1_2.png 230w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/08a84/9_1_2.png 460w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/c0255/9_1_2.png 920w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/b1001/9_1_2.png 1380w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/161ec/9_1_2.png 1840w,\n/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/15171/9_1_2.png 2230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" type=\"image/png\">\n          <img class=\"gatsby-resp-image-image\" src=\"/static/d20c7f9a5570bf04d75c3836868a8870/c0255/9_1_2.png\" alt=\"9 1 2\" title=\"9 1 2\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;\">\n        </picture>\n  </a>\n    </span><h2 id=\"selfilla-vai-ilman\" style=\"position:relative;\">Selfillä vai ilman?<a href=\"#selfilla-vai-ilman\" aria-label=\"selfilla vai ilman permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tässä vaiheessa kurssia <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määre saattaa vaikuttaa vielä hämärältä. Käytetään siis hetki sen pohtimiseen, milloin selfiä tulee käyttää, ja milloin sitä kannattaa olla käyttämättä.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkaa, jonka avulla joukosta sanoja on mahdollista muodostaa sanasto:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">sorted</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsanasto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Sanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio-ohjelmointi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"olio\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"nörtti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nsanasto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>nörtti\nolio\nolio-ohjelmointi\npython</p></sample-output><p>Luokka tallentaa sanalistan oliomuuttujaan <code class=\"language-text\">self.sanat</code>. Tässä tapauksessa <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> tarvitaan ehdottomasti sekä luokan konstruktorissa että luokan muissa metodeissa tähän muuttujaan viitatessa, koska muuten sama lista ei ole kaikkien olion metodien käytettävissä.</p><p>Lisätään luokalle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_sana(self)</code> joka selvittää nimensä mukaisesti sanaston pisimmän sanan (tai yhden niistä).</p><p>Tehtävän voisi toteuttaa vaikkapa seuraavasti, mutta näemme kohta miksei se ole kovin hyvä idea:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään kaksi apumuuttujaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pisin</code></pre></div><p>Metodi siis käyttää kahta apumuuttujaa, jotka on määritelty käyttäen <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä. Jos vielä halutaan hämmentää ohjelmakoodia lukevaa, apumuuttujat voisi lisäksi nimetä kryptisemmin, esim. <code class=\"language-text\">apu</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">apu2</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään kaksi apumuuttujaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu</code></pre></div><p>Kun muuttujan määrittely tehdään <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla, liitetään muuttuja olion attribuutiksi, eli muuttuja tulee olemaan edelleen olemassa myös metodin suorituksen päätyttyä. Tämä on aivan tarpeetonta, koska kyseisiä apumuuttujia on tarkoitus käyttää vain metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">pisin_sana(self)</code>. Apumuuttujien määrittely <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreen avulla on siis varsin huono idea.</p><p>Paitsi turhaa, apumuuttujien liittäminen <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määreellä olion attribuuteiksi on myös riskialtista, varsinkin epämääräisesti nimettyjen apumuuttujien tapauksessa. Jos samaa apumuuttujaa <code class=\"language-text\">self.apu</code> käytetään monessa eri metodissa mutta täysin eri tarkoituksiin, voivat seuraukset olla arvaamattomat ja koodissa voi ilmetä hankalasti löydettäviä bugeja.</p><p>Ongelma voi tulla esiin erityisesti silloin jos apumuuttujan alkuarvo annetaan jossain muualla, esimerkiksi konstruktorissa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># määritellään apumuuttujia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ei toimi sillä apu2:n tyyppi on väärä</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>apu</code></pre></div><p>Toisaalta uusien olion attribuuttien määrittely <em>muualla</em> kuin konstruktorissa on sikäli vaarallista, että tällöin olion attribuutit riippuvat siitä, mitä metodeja on suoritettu. Kaikilla saman luokan avulla luoduilla olioilla ei välttämättä ole samoja attribuutteja, mistä seuraa helposti bugeja.</p><p>Siispä oikea tapa määritellä yhdessä metodissa käytettävät apumuuttujat on tehdä se <em>ilman</em> <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-määrettä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Sanasto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pisin_sana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä on oikea tapa määritellä yhden metodin sisäiset apumuuttujat</span>\n        pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span>\n        pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> sana <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sanat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> pisimman_pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                pisimman_pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n                pisin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sana\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pisin</code></pre></div><p>Tällaisessa toteutuksessa apumuuttujat ovat olemassa ainoastaan metodin suorituksen aikana, ja niissä olevat arvot eivät pääse aiheuttamaan komplikaatioita muussa koodissa.</p><h2 id=\"oliot-funktioiden-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot funktioiden parametrina<a href=\"#oliot-funktioiden-parametrina\" aria-label=\"oliot funktioiden parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Omista luokista luodut oliot ovat yleensä muuttuvia eli mutatoituvia, joten niiden toiminta parametrina välitettäessä muistuttaa esimerkiksi listoista tuttua tapaa: funktio, jolle olio välitetään parametrina, voi muuttaa kyseistä oliota.</p><p>Tarkastellaan yksinkertaista esimerkkiä, jossa funktiolle välitetään <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokasta luotu olio. Funktion sisällä muutetaan opiskelijan nimi, ja muutos näkyy myös pääohjelmassa, koska molemmissa tilanteissa viitataan samaan olioon.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että tyyppivihjeenä käytetään nyt oman luokan nimeä</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muuta_nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan opiskelijaolio</span>\nolli <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Oppilas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmuuta_nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>olli<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olli Oppilas (12345)\nOlli Opiskelija (12345)</p></sample-output><p>Olion voi myös luoda funktion sisällä. Mikäli funktio palauttaa viittauksen olioon, on muodostettu olio käytettävissä myös pääohjelmassa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> choice\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Funktio luo ja palauttaa Opiskelija-olion, jolla on satunnainen nimi ja opiskelijanumero</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">uusi_opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    etunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Minna\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Mari\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    sukunimet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Virtanen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Lahtinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Leinonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># arvo nimi</span>\n    nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>etunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> choice<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sukunimet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Arvo opiskelijanumero</span>\n    opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>randint<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">99999</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luo ja palauta opiskelijaolio</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan metodia viidesti, tallennetaan tulokset listaan</span>\n    opiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>uusi_opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Mari Lahtinen (36213)\nArto Virtanen (11859)\nMari Pythonen (77330)\nArto Pythonen (86451)\nMinna Pythonen (86211)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"oliot-metodien-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Oliot metodien parametrina<a href=\"#oliot-metodien-parametrina\" aria-label=\"oliot metodien parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Oliot toimivat normaaliin tapaan myös <em>metodien</em> parametrina. Tarkastellaan seuraavaa esimerkkiä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituus\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Huvipuistolaite</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pituusraja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituusraja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pituusraja\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ota_kyytiin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituusraja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> pääsi kyytiin\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> liian lyhyt :(\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kavijoita<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kävijää)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Huvipuistolaitteen metodi <code class=\"language-text\">ota_kyytiin</code> saa nyt parametrina luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> olion. Jos kävijä on riittävän pitkä, metodi päästää hänet laitteeseen ja lisää kävijöiden määrää. Seuraavassa esimerkkisuoritus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">hurjakuru <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huvipuistolaite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hurjakuru\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">120</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njarkko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jarkko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nvenla <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Venla\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">105</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_kyytiin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jarkko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_kyytiin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>venla<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>hurjakuru<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jarkko pääsi kyytiin\nVenla liian lyhyt :(\nHurjakuru (1 kävijää)</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Kasvatuslaitos' tmcname='osa09-03_kasvatuslaitos'><p>Tehtäväpohjassasi on valmiina jo luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> sekä runko luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Kasvatuslaitos</code>. Kasvatuslaitosoliot käsittelevät ihmisiä eri tavalla, esim. punnitsevat ja syöttävät ihmisiä. Rakennamme tässä tehtävässä kasvatuslaitoksen. Luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> koodiin ei tehtävässä ole tarkoitus koskea!</p><h2 id=\"henkiloiden-punnitseminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Henkilöiden punnitseminen<a href=\"#henkiloiden-punnitseminen\" aria-label=\"henkiloiden punnitseminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kasvatuslaitoksen luokkarungossa on valmiina runko metodille punnitse:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kasvatuslaitos</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">punnitse</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># palautetaan parametrina annetun henkilön paino</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span></code></pre></div><p>Metodi saa parametrina henkilön ja metodin on tarkoitus palauttaa kutsujalleen parametrina olevan henkilön paino. Paino selviää pyytämällä parametrina olevalta henkilöltä <code class=\"language-text\">henkilo</code> sopiva attribuutti. Sinun tulee täydentää <code class=\"language-text\">punnitse</code>-metodin koodia.</p><p>Seuraavassa on pääohjelma jossa kasvatuslaitos punnitsee kaksi henkilöä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Eero painaa 7 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"syottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Syöttäminen<a href=\"#syottaminen\" aria-label=\"syottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Parametrina olevan olion tilaa on mahdollista muuttaa. Tee kasvatuslaitokselle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">syota(henkilo: Henkilo)</code> joka kasvattaa parametrina olevan henkilön painoa yhdellä.</p><p>Seuraavassa on esimerkki, jossa henkilöt ensin punnitaan ja tämän jälkeen neuvolassa syötetään Eeroa kolme kertaa. Tämän jälkeen henkilöt taas punnitaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syota<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> painaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tulostuksen pitäisi paljastaa, että Eeron paino on noussut kolmella:</p><sample-output><p>Eero painaa 7 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p><p>Eero painaa 10 kg\nPekka painaa 85 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"punnitusten-laskeminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Punnitusten laskeminen<a href=\"#punnitusten-laskeminen\" aria-label=\"punnitusten laskeminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee kasvatuslaitokselle metodi <code class=\"language-text\">punnitukset()</code> joka kertoo, kuinka monta punnitusta kasvatuslaitos on ylipäätään tehnyt. Huom! Tarvitset uuden oliomuuttujan punnitusten lukumäärän laskemiseen. Testipääohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">haagan_neuvola <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kasvatuslaitos<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\neero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Eero\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">110</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">33</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">176</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">85</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhaagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitse<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Punnituksia tehty </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>haagan_neuvola<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>punnitukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Punnituksia tehty 0\nPunnituksia tehty 2\nPunnituksia tehty 6</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><programming-exercise name='Maksukortti ja kassapääte' tmcname='osa09-04_maksukortti_ja_kassapaate'><p>Teimme edellisessä osan <a href=\"/osa-8/5-lisaa-esimerkkeja#programming-exercise-maksukortti\">tehtävässä</a> luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>. Kortilla oli metodit edullisesti ja maukkaasti syömistä sekä rahan lataamista varten.</p><p>Edellisen osan tyylillä tehdyssä <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokassa oli kuitenkin ongelma. Kortti tiesi lounaiden hinnan ja osasi sen ansiosta vähentää saldoa oikean määrän. Entä kun hinnat nousevat? Tai jos myyntivalikoimaan tulee uusia tuotteita? Hintojen muuttaminen tarkoittaisi, että kaikki jo käytössä olevat kortit pitäisi korvata uudet hinnat tuntevilla korteilla.</p><p>Parempi ratkaisu on tehdä kortit \"tyhmiksi\", hinnoista ja myytävistä tuotteista tietämättömiksi pelkän saldon säilyttäjiksi. Kaikki äly kannattaakin laittaa erillisiin olioihin, kassapäätteisiin.</p><h2 id=\"tyhma-maksukortti\" style=\"position:relative;\">\"Tyhmä\" maksukortti<a href=\"#tyhma-maksukortti\" aria-label=\"tyhma maksukortti permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Toteutetaan ensin <code class=\"language-text\">Maksukortti</code>-luokasta \"tyhmä\" versio. Kortilla on ainoastaan metodit saldon kysymiseen, rahan lataamiseen ja rahan ottamiseen. Täydennä alla ja tehtäväpohjassa olevaan luokkaan metodin <code class=\"language-text\">ota_rahaa(maara)</code> ohjeen mukaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Maksukortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> lisays<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> lisays\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">ota_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Toteuta metodi siten, että se ottaa kortilta rahaa vain, jos saldoa riittää</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Onnistuessaan metodi palauttaa True ja muuten False</span></code></pre></div><p>Testipääohjelma:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnistuiko otto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    tulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>ota_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onnistuiko otto:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Rahaa 10\nOnnistuiko otto: True\nRahaa 2\nOnnistuiko otto: False\nRahaa 2</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kassapaate-ja-kateiskauppa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kassapääte ja käteiskauppa<a href=\"#kassapaate-ja-kateiskauppa\" aria-label=\"kassapaate ja kateiskauppa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Unicafessa asioidessa asiakas maksaa joko käteisellä tai maksukortilla. Myyjä käyttää kassapäätettä kortin veloittamiseen ja käteismaksujen hoitamiseen. Tehdään ensin kassapäätteestä käteismaksuihin sopiva versio.</p><p>Kassapäätteen runko on seuraavanlainen. Metodien kommentit kertovat halutun toiminnallisuuden.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kassapaate</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kassassa on aluksi 1000 euroa rahaa</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_edullisesti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maksu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Edullinen lounas maksaa 2.50 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan kassan rahamäärää edullisen lounaan hinnalla ja palautetaan vaihtorahat</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos parametrina annettu maksu ei ole riittävän suuri, ei lounasta myydä ja metodi palauttaa koko summan</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_maukkaasti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maksu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Maukas lounas maksaa 4.30 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kasvatetaan kassan rahamäärää maukkaan lounaan hinnalla ja palautetaan vaihtorahat</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos parametrina annettu maksu ei ole riittävän suuri, ei lounasta myydä ja metodi palauttaa koko summan</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">4.3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vaihtorahaa jäi 7.5\nVaihtorahaa jäi 2.5\nVaihtorahaa jäi 0.0\nKassassa rahaa 1009.3\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 2\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kortilla-maksaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kortilla maksaminen<a href=\"#kortilla-maksaminen\" aria-label=\"kortilla maksaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Laajennetaan kassapäätettä siten, että myös kortilla voi maksaa. Teemme kassapäätteelle siis metodit, joiden parametrina kassapääte saa maksukortin, jolta se vähentää valitun lounaan hinnan. Seuraavassa ovat uusien metodien rungot ja ohje niiden toteuttamiseksi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kassapaate</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_edullisesti_kortilla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Edullinen lounas maksaa 2.50 euroa</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kortilla on tarpeeksi rahaa, vähennetään hinta kortilta ja palautetaan True</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten palautetaan False</span>\n\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">syo_maukkaasti_kortilla</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Maukas lounas maksaa 4.30 euroa.</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Jos kortilla on tarpeeksi rahaa, vähennetään hinta kortilta ja palautetaan True</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Muuten palautetaan False</span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Huom:</strong> kortilla maksaminen ei lisää kassapäätteessä olevan käteisen määrää.</p><p>Seuraavassa on testipääohjelma ja haluttu tulostus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nvaihtorahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Vaihtorahaa jäi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vaihtorahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">7</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_edullisesti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Vaihtorahaa jäi 7.5\nRiittikö raha: True\nRiittikö raha: False\nRiittikö raha: True\nKassassa rahaa 1002.5\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 2\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"rahan-lataaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Rahan lataaminen<a href=\"#rahan-lataaminen\" aria-label=\"rahan lataaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisätään vielä kassapäätteelle metodi jonka avulla kortille voidaan ladata lisää rahaa. Muista, että rahan lataamisen yhteydessä ladattava summa viedään kassapäätteeseen. Metodin runko:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lataa_rahaa_kortille</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">pass</span></code></pre></div><p>Testipääohjelma ja esimerkkisyöte:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">exactum <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kassapaate<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nantin_kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Maksukortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nexactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lataa_rahaa_kortille<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntulos <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syo_maukkaasti_kortilla<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Riittikö raha:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tulos<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Kortilla rahaa </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>antin_kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> euroa\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kassassa rahaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Edullisia lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>edulliset<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Maukkaita lounaita myyty\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> exactum<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maukkaat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Kortilla rahaa 2 euroa\nRiittikö raha: False\nKortilla rahaa 102 euroa\nRiittikö raha: True\nKortilla rahaa 97.7 euroa\nKassassa rahaa 1100\nEdullisia lounaita myyty 0\nMaukkaita lounaita myyty 1</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"saman-luokan-oliot-metodien-parametrina\" style=\"position:relative;\">Saman luokan oliot metodien parametrina<a href=\"#saman-luokan-oliot-metodien-parametrina\" aria-label=\"saman luokan oliot metodien parametrina permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tarkastellaan jälleen kerran yhtä versiota luokasta <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt</code></pre></div><p>Oletetaan että olemme tekemässä ohjelmaa, joka vertailee henkilöiden ikiä. Voisimme tehdä tarkoitusta varten erillisen funktion:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> henkilo1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> henkilo2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\nmuhammad <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">780</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npascal <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Blaise Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1623</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ngrace <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Grace Hopper\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1906</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi on vanhempi kuin Blaise Pascal\nGrace Hopper ei ole vanhempi kuin  Blaise Pascal</p></sample-output><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnin henkeen kuuluu kuitenkin sijoittaa oliota käsittelevät \"funktiot\" luokan metodeiksi. Voisimmekin tehdä henkilölle metodin, jonka avulla henkilön ikää voidaan verrata <em>toiseen</em> henkilöön:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että tyyppivihje pitää antaa hipsuissa jos parametri on saman luokan olio!</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Henkilo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span></code></pre></div><p>Nyt siis olio itse on <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">toinen</code> on henkilöolio, joka toimii vertailukohtana.</p><p>Huomaa, miten metodin kutsuminen eroaa funktion kutsumisesta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">muhammad <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">780</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npascal <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Blaise Pascal\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1623</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ngrace <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Grace Hopper\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1906</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>muhammad<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>vanhempi_kuin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> on vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>grace<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ei ole vanhempi kuin </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pascal<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Pisteen vasemmalla puolella on siis verrattava henkilö, eli olio, johon metodin suorituksessa viittaa muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>. Metodin parametrina taas on vertailukohta, eli metodin suorituksessa muuttujan <code class=\"language-text\">toinen</code> viittaama olio.</p><p>Ohjelman tulostus on sama kuin edellisessä funktiota käyttäneessä esimerkissä.</p><p>Huomaa, että if-else-rakenne metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">vanhempi_kuin</code> on oikeastaan turha, sillä vertailun arvona on suoraan haluamamme totuusarvo. Voimme siis yksinkertaistaa metodia seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> syntynyt\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># huomaa, että tyyppivihje pitää antaa hipsuissa jos parametri on saman luokan olio!</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Henkilo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><p>Edellisestä esimerkistä kannattaa huomata se, että kun metodi saa parametrikseen toisen saman luokan olion, tulee tyyppivihje antaa hipsuissa, eli seuraava koodi aiheuttaisi virheen:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Henkilo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># tämä ei toimi, Henkilo pitaa olla hipsuissa</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">vanhempi_kuin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> toinen<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>syntynyt<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span></code></pre></div><programming-exercise name='Asuntovertailu' tmcname='osa09-05_asuntovertailu'><p>Asuntovälitystoimiston tietojärjestelmässä kuvataan myynnissä olevaa asuntoa seuraavasta luokasta tehdyillä olioilla:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Asunto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huoneita<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nelioita<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> neliohinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>huoneita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huoneita\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nelioita <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nelioita\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>neliohinta <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> neliohinta</code></pre></div><p>Tehtävänä on toteuttaa metodeita, joiden avulla myynnissä olevia asuntoja voidaan vertailla.</p><h2 id=\"onko-suurempi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Onko suurempi<a href=\"#onko-suurempi\" aria-label=\"onko suurempi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suurempi(self, verrattava)</code>, joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos asunto-olio itse on pinta-alaltaan suurempi kuin verrattava asunto-olio.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurempi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"hintaero\" style=\"position:relative;\">Hintaero<a href=\"#hintaero\" aria-label=\"hintaero permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">hintaero(self, verrattava)</code>, joka palauttaa asunto-olion ja verrattavan asunto-olion hintaeron. Hintaero on asuntojen hintojen erotuksen (hinta lasketaan kertomalla neliöhinta neliöillä) itseisarvo.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hintaero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hintaero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>71600\n35400</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"onko-kalliimpi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Onko kalliimpi?<a href=\"#onko-kalliimpi\" aria-label=\"onko kalliimpi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee metodi <code class=\"language-text\">kalliimpi(self, verrattava)</code> joka palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">True</code>, jos asunto-olio on kalliimpi kuin verrattavana oleva asunto-olio.</p><p>Esimerkki metodin toiminnasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">eira_yksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">16</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkallio_kaksio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">38</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\njakomaki_kolmio <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Asunto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">78</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>eira_yksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kalliimpi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jakomaki_kolmio<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kalliimpi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kallio_kaksio<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>False\nTrue</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/1-oliot-ja-viittaukset","title":"Oliot ja 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Samalla tavalla myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käyttää toisten olioiden attribuutteina. Seuraavissa esimerkeissä on määritelty luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code>. Opintosuorituksessa hyödynnetään kahta ensimmäistä luokkaa. Luokkien sisäinen toteutus on lyhyt, jotta esimerkki toisi esille oleellisen.</p><p>Esimerkissä jokainen luokka on kirjoitettu omaan tiedostoonsa.</p><p>Esitellään aluksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code>, joka on määritelty tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">kurssi.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kurssi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> koodi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> koodi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa. Luokka on määritelty tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">opiskelija.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code> hyödyntää luokkia <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> suorituksen tallentamiseen. Huomaa, että luokat tuodaan mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opintosuoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kurssi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana</code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki opintosuoritusten lisäämisestä listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opintosuoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opintosuoritus\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan lista opiskelijoista</span>\nopiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Leena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"9999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"3333\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kurssi Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</span>\nohpe <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohpe1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan suoritukset kaikille opiskelijoille, kaikille arvosanaksi 3</span>\nsuoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opintosuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ohpe<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikista suorituksista opiskelijan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olli\nPekka\nLeena\nTiina</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan lähemmin riviä <code class=\"language-text\">print(suoritus.opiskelija.nimi)</code>:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">suoritus</code> on luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code> mukainen olio</li>\n<li>Niinpä muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">opiskelija</code> viittaa suoritukseen tallennettuun <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-olioon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokan muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> sisältää opiskelijan nimen</li>\n</ul><h2 id=\"milloin-import-tarvitaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Milloin import tarvitaan?<a href=\"#milloin-import-tarvitaan\" aria-label=\"milloin import tarvitaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Edellisessä esimerkissä käytetään muutamassa kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opintosuoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opintosuoritus\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Importia tarvitaan vain jos tiedostossa käytetään jossain muualla  määriteltyä koodia. Näin on esimerkiksi kun käytetään jotain Pythonin valmista kalustoa, esim. matemaattisia operaatiota tarjoavaa moduulia <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>neliöjuuri math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä oletettiin, että luokat on määritelty omissa tiedostoissaan. Esimerkki toteaa mm.\n<em>Esitellään aluksi luokka Kurssi, joka on määritelty tiedostossa kurssi.py</em>\nja importin tarve siis johtuu tästä.</p><p>Jos kaikki koodi sijoitetaan samaan tiedostoon, kuten kaikissa kurssin ohjelmointitehtävissä ohjeistetaan, <strong>et tarvitse</strong> <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia luomiesi luokkien käytöön.</p><p>Jos siis päädyt kirjottamaan kurssilla seuraavanlaista koodia</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Henkilo\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>ratkaisusi on todennäköisesti väärä! Lisää importin käytöstä <a href=\"/osa-7/1-moduulit/\">osan 7</a> materiaalissa.</p><programming-exercise name='Lemmikit' tmcname='osa09-06_lemmikki'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa tulee kaksi luokkaa, <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>. Jokaisella henkilöllä on yksi lemmikki. Täydennä luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> siten, että metodi palauttaa merkkijonon, joka kertoo henkilön nimen lisäksi lemmikin nimen ja rodun alta löytyvät esimerkkitulosteen mukaisesti.</p><p>Huomaa, että metodin palauttaman merkkijonon pitää olla <em>täsmälleen samanlainen kuin esimerkkitulosteessa esitetty</em>!</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">hulda <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lemmikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hulda\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sekarotuinen koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nleevi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Leevi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hulda<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>leevi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Leevi, kaverina Hulda, joka on sekarotuinen koira</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> koska kaikki koodi tulee samaan tiedostoon, et tarvitse tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia ollenkaan!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"olion-attribuuttina-lista-olioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion attribuuttina lista olioita<a href=\"#olion-attribuuttina-lista-olioita\" aria-label=\"olion attribuuttina lista olioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Äskeisissä esimerkeissä oliolla oli attribuuttina yksittäinen toisen luokan olio, esim. henkilöllä attribuuttina lemmikki ja opintosuorituksella attribuuttina kurssi.</p><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnissa törmätään kutenkin usein tilanteeseen, jossa oliolla on attribuuttina <em>joukko</em> toisen luokan olioita. Eräs tälläinen tilanne kuvaa joukkueen ja sen pelaajien välistä yhteyttä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maalit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (maaleja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Joukkue</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteenveto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joukkue\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelaajia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelaajien maalimäärät\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Joukkue Kumpulan pallo\nPelaajia 3\nPelaajien maalimäärät [10, 22, 1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lahjapakkaus' tmcname='osa09-07_lahjapakkaus'><p>Tässä tehtävässä harjoitellaan lahjojen pakkaamista. Tehdään luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Lahja</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Pakkaus</code>. Lahjalla on nimi ja paino, ja pakkaus sisältää lahjoja.</p><h2 id=\"lahja-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lahja-luokka<a href=\"#lahja-luokka\" aria-label=\"lahja luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lahja</code>, josta muodostetut oliot kuvaavat erilaisia lahjoja. Tallennettavat tiedot ovat tavaran nimi ja paino (kg). Luokan olioiden tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahjan nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahjan paino:\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahja:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Lahjan nimi: Aapiskukko\nLahjan paino: 2\nLahja: Aapiskukko (2 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"pakkaus-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pakkaus-luokka<a href=\"#pakkaus-luokka\" aria-label=\"pakkaus luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pakkaus</code>, johon voi lisätä lahjoja ja joka pitää kirjaa pakkauksessa olevien lahjojen yhteispainosta. Luokassa tulee olla seuraavat metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_lahja(self, lahja: Lahja)</code>, joka lisää parametrina annettavan lahjan pakkaukseen. Metodi ei palauta mitään arvoa.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">yhteispaino(self)</code>, joka palauttaa pakkauksessa olevien lahjojen yhteispainon.</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npakkaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteispaino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ncd_levy <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pink Floyd: Dark side of the moon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cd_levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteispaino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"none-eli-viite-ei-mihinkaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">None eli viite ei mihinkään<a href=\"#none-eli-viite-ei-mihinkaan\" aria-label=\"none eli viite ei mihinkaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa muuttujat viittaavat aina johonkin olioon. On kuitenkin tilanteita, joissa haluaisimme määrittää arvon, joka ei viittaa mihinkään. Arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> käytetään esittämään tyhjää viittausta.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi luokkaan joukkue lisättäisiin metodi, joka etsii joukkueen pelaajan, saattaisi olla luontevaa esittää paluuarvolla <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> tilanne, jossa pelaajaa ei löydy:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maalit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (maaleja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Joukkue</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pelaaja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npelaaja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Antti (maaleja 1)\nNone</p></sample-output><p><code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-arvojen kanssa pitää olla tarkkana. On hyvin tyypillistä, että ohjelmassa kutsutaan jotain metodia oliolle (tai pyydetään attribuutin arvoa oliolta), joka onkin <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkiksen maalimäärä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos näin tehdään, ohjelma päättyy virheeseen:</p><sample-output><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nAttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'maalit'</div></sample-output><p><code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-arvojen varalta onkin syytä tehdä tarkistus, ennen kuin riskialtista koodia kutsutaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkiksen maalimäärä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Huoneen lyhin' tmcname='osa09-08_huoneen_lyhin'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>. Henkilöllä on nimi ja pituus. Toteutetaan tässä tehtävässä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code>, jonne voi lisätä henkilöitä ja josta voi hakea ja poistaa lyhimmän henkilön.</p><h2 id=\"huone\" style=\"position:relative;\">Huone<a href=\"#huone\" aria-label=\"huone permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luo luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code>, jonka sisällä on lista henkilöitä ja jolla on seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa(henkilo: Henkilo)</code> lisää huoneeseen parametrina annetun henkilön.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">on_tyhja()</code> - palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>, joka kertoo, onko huone tyhjä.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tiedot()</code> tulostaa huoneessa olevat henkilöt</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Terhi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">185</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huone tyhjä? True\nHuone tyhjä? False\nHuoneessa 5 henkilöä, yhteispituus 908 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nTerhi (185 cm)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lyhin-henkilo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lyhin henkilö<a href=\"#lyhin-henkilo\" aria-label=\"lyhin henkilo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lyhin()</code>, joka palauttaa huoneeseen lisätyistä henkilöistä lyhimmän. Mikäli huone on tyhjä, metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-viitteen. Metodin ei tule poistaa henkilöä huoneesta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lyhin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lyhin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huone tyhjä? True\nLyhin: None</p><p>Huone tyhjä? False\nLyhin: Nina</p><p>Huoneessa 4 henkilöä, yhteispituus 723 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"huoneesta-ottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Huoneesta ottaminen<a href=\"#huoneesta-ottaminen\" aria-label=\"huoneesta ottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">poista_lyhin()</code>, joka poistaa ja palauttaa huoneesta lyhimmän henkilön. Mikäli huone on tyhjä, metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-viitteen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>poista_lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Otettiin huoneesta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huoneessa 4 henkilöä, yhteispituus 723 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p><p>Otettiin huoneesta Nina</p><p>Huoneessa 3 henkilöä, yhteispituus 551 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong>: <a href=\"/osa-4/3-listat#alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\">osassa 4</a> kerrottiin, miten alkion poistaminen listalta onnistuu.</p><p><strong>Vihje2</strong>: muista, että metodissa on mahdollista kutsua saman olion toista metodia. Eli seuraava koodi toimii:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Huone</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lyhin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">poista_lyhin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lyhin_henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina","title":"Oliot attribuuttina"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Eli seuraava koodi toimii:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"class"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","class-name"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Huone"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# ..."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lyhin"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# koodi"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n    "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"def"}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","function"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"poista_lyhin"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":":"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        lyhin_henkilo "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" self"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lyhin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n        "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","comment"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"# ..."}]}]}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Osaat tallentaa olioita toisten olioiden sisään</li>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoittaa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code></li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Aikaisemmin nähtiin esimerkkejä luokista, joissa attribuutteina oli käytetty esimerkiksi listoja. Samalla tavalla myös omista luokista luotuja olioita voi käyttää toisten olioiden attribuutteina. Seuraavissa esimerkeissä on määritelty luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code>. Opintosuorituksessa hyödynnetään kahta ensimmäistä luokkaa. Luokkien sisäinen toteutus on lyhyt, jotta esimerkki toisi esille oleellisen.</p><p>Esimerkissä jokainen luokka on kirjoitettu omaan tiedostoonsa.</p><p>Esitellään aluksi luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code>, joka on määritelty tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">kurssi.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Kurssi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> koodi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>koodi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> koodi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa. Luokka on määritelty tiedostossa <code class=\"language-text\">opiskelija.py</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p>Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code> hyödyntää luokkia <code class=\"language-text\">Kurssi</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> suorituksen tallentamiseen. Huomaa, että luokat tuodaan mukaan <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>-lauseella:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opintosuoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> arvosana<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelija <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelija\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kurssi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kurssi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>arvosana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> arvosana</code></pre></div><p>Esimerkki opintosuoritusten lisäämisestä listaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opintosuoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opintosuoritus\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Luodaan lista opiskelijoista</span>\nopiskelijat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">23</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Leena\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"9999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"3333\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">8</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Kurssi Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</span>\nohpe <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohjelmoinnin perusteet\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ohpe1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan suoritukset kaikille opiskelijoille, kaikille arvosanaksi 3</span>\nsuoritukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> opiskelijat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Opintosuoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> ohpe<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tulostetaan kaikista suorituksista opiskelijan nimi</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> suoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> suoritukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Olli\nPekka\nLeena\nTiina</p></sample-output><p>Tarkastellaan lähemmin riviä <code class=\"language-text\">print(suoritus.opiskelija.nimi)</code>:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">suoritus</code> on luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Opintosuoritus</code> mukainen olio</li>\n<li>Niinpä muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">opiskelija</code> viittaa suoritukseen tallennettuun <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-olioon</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-luokan muuttuja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> sisältää opiskelijan nimen</li>\n</ul><h2 id=\"milloin-import-tarvitaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">Milloin import tarvitaan?<a href=\"#milloin-import-tarvitaan\" aria-label=\"milloin import tarvitaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Edellisessä esimerkissä käytetään muutamassa kohdassa <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opintosuoritus <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opintosuoritus\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> kurssi <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Kurssi\n<span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> opiskelija <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Opiskelija\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>Importia tarvitaan vain jos tiedostossa käytetään jossain muualla  määriteltyä koodia. Näin on esimerkiksi kun käytetään jotain Pythonin valmista kalustoa, esim. matemaattisia operaatiota tarjoavaa moduulia <code class=\"language-text\">math</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\nx <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"luvun </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>neliöjuuri math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Edellisessä tehtävässä oletettiin, että luokat on määritelty omissa tiedostoissaan. Esimerkki toteaa mm.\n<em>Esitellään aluksi luokka Kurssi, joka on määritelty tiedostossa kurssi.py</em>\nja importin tarve siis johtuu tästä.</p><p>Jos kaikki koodi sijoitetaan samaan tiedostoon, kuten kaikissa kurssin ohjelmointitehtävissä ohjeistetaan, <strong>et tarvitse</strong> <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia luomiesi luokkien käytöön.</p><p>Jos siis päädyt kirjottamaan kurssilla seuraavanlaista koodia</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> henkilo <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> Henkilo\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span></code></pre></div><p>ratkaisusi on todennäköisesti väärä! Lisää importin käytöstä <a href=\"/osa-7/1-moduulit/\">osan 7</a> materiaalissa.</p><programming-exercise name='Lemmikit' tmcname='osa09-06_lemmikki'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa tulee kaksi luokkaa, <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Lemmikki</code>. Jokaisella henkilöllä on yksi lemmikki. Täydennä luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code> metodia <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code> siten, että metodi palauttaa merkkijonon, joka kertoo henkilön nimen lisäksi lemmikin nimen ja rodun alta löytyvät esimerkkitulosteen mukaisesti.</p><p>Huomaa, että metodin palauttaman merkkijonon pitää olla <em>täsmälleen samanlainen kuin esimerkkitulosteessa esitetty</em>!</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">hulda <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lemmikki<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Hulda\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"sekarotuinen koira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nleevi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Leevi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> hulda<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>leevi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Leevi, kaverina Hulda, joka on sekarotuinen koira</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huom:</strong> koska kaikki koodi tulee samaan tiedostoon, et tarvitse tehtävässä <code class=\"language-text\">import</code>:ia ollenkaan!</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"olion-attribuuttina-lista-olioita\" style=\"position:relative;\">Olion attribuuttina lista olioita<a href=\"#olion-attribuuttina-lista-olioita\" aria-label=\"olion attribuuttina lista olioita permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Äskeisissä esimerkeissä oliolla oli attribuuttina yksittäinen toisen luokan olio, esim. henkilöllä attribuuttina lemmikki ja opintosuorituksella attribuuttina kurssi.</p><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnissa törmätään kutenkin usein tilanteeseen, jossa oliolla on attribuuttina <em>joukko</em> toisen luokan olioita. Eräs tälläinen tilanne kuvaa joukkueen ja sen pelaajien välistä yhteyttä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maalit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (maaleja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Joukkue</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteenveto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Joukkue\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelaajia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelaajien maalimäärät\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Joukkue Kumpulan pallo\nPelaajia 3\nPelaajien maalimäärät [10, 22, 1]</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Lahjapakkaus' tmcname='osa09-07_lahjapakkaus'><p>Tässä tehtävässä harjoitellaan lahjojen pakkaamista. Tehdään luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Lahja</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Pakkaus</code>. Lahjalla on nimi ja paino, ja pakkaus sisältää lahjoja.</p><h2 id=\"lahja-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lahja-luokka<a href=\"#lahja-luokka\" aria-label=\"lahja luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lahja</code>, josta muodostetut oliot kuvaavat erilaisia lahjoja. Tallennettavat tiedot ovat tavaran nimi ja paino (kg). Luokan olioiden tulee toimia seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahjan nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahjan paino:\"</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lahja:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Lahjan nimi: Aapiskukko\nLahjan paino: 2\nLahja: Aapiskukko (2 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"pakkaus-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Pakkaus-luokka<a href=\"#pakkaus-luokka\" aria-label=\"pakkaus luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pakkaus</code>, johon voi lisätä lahjoja ja joka pitää kirjaa pakkauksessa olevien lahjojen yhteispainosta. Luokassa tulee olla seuraavat metodit</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_lahja(self, lahja: Lahja)</code>, joka lisää parametrina annettavan lahjan pakkaukseen. Metodi ei palauta mitään arvoa.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">yhteispaino(self)</code>, joka palauttaa pakkauksessa olevien lahjojen yhteispainon.</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npakkaus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteispaino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ncd_levy <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pink Floyd: Dark side of the moon\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_lahja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cd_levy<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pakkaus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteispaino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>2\n3</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"none-eli-viite-ei-mihinkaan\" style=\"position:relative;\">None eli viite ei mihinkään<a href=\"#none-eli-viite-ei-mihinkaan\" aria-label=\"none eli viite ei mihinkaan permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa muuttujat viittaavat aina johonkin olioon. On kuitenkin tilanteita, joissa haluaisimme määrittää arvon, joka ei viittaa mihinkään. Arvoa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> käytetään esittämään tyhjää viittausta.</p><p>Jos esimerkiksi luokkaan joukkue lisättäisiin metodi, joka etsii joukkueen pelaajan, saattaisi olla luontevaa esittää paluuarvolla <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> tilanne, jossa pelaajaa ei löydy:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maalit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (maaleja </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Joukkue</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">etsi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelaajat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> pelaaja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span></code></pre></div><p>Käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Emilia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">22</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Antti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npelaaja2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Antti (maaleja 1)\nNone</p></sample-output><p><code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-arvojen kanssa pitää olla tarkkana. On hyvin tyypillistä, että ohjelmassa kutsutaan jotain metodia oliolle (tai pyydetään attribuutin arvoa oliolta), joka onkin <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkiksen maalimäärä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Jos näin tehdään, ohjelma päättyy virheeseen:</p><sample-output><div>Traceback (most recent call last):\nFile \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\nAttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'maalit'</div></sample-output><p><code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-arvojen varalta onkin syytä tehdä tarkistus, ennen kuin riskialtista koodia kutsutaan:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kupa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Joukkue<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpulan pallo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Erkki\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> kupa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>etsi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Jukkis\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelaaja <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkiksen maalimäärä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>p<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maalit<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Jukkis ei pelaa Kumpulan pallossa :(</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Huoneen lyhin' tmcname='osa09-08_huoneen_lyhin'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on valmiina luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Henkilo</code>. Henkilöllä on nimi ja pituus. Toteutetaan tässä tehtävässä luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code>, jonne voi lisätä henkilöitä ja josta voi hakea ja poistaa lyhimmän henkilön.</p><h2 id=\"huone\" style=\"position:relative;\">Huone<a href=\"#huone\" aria-label=\"huone permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luo luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code>, jonka sisällä on lista henkilöitä ja jolla on seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">lisaa(henkilo: Henkilo)</code> lisää huoneeseen parametrina annetun henkilön.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">on_tyhja()</code> - palauttaa arvon <code class=\"language-text\">True</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">False</code>, joka kertoo, onko huone tyhjä.</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tiedot()</code> tulostaa huoneessa olevat henkilöt</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Terhi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">185</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huone tyhjä? True\nHuone tyhjä? False\nHuoneessa 5 henkilöä, yhteispituus 908 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nTerhi (185 cm)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lyhin-henkilo\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lyhin henkilö<a href=\"#lyhin-henkilo\" aria-label=\"lyhin henkilo permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lyhin()</code>, joka palauttaa huoneeseen lisätyistä henkilöistä lyhimmän. Mikäli huone on tyhjä, metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-viitteen. Metodin ei tule poistaa henkilöä huoneesta.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lyhin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Huone tyhjä?\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>on_tyhja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lyhin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huone tyhjä? True\nLyhin: None</p><p>Huone tyhjä? False\nLyhin: Nina</p><p>Huoneessa 4 henkilöä, yhteispituus 723 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"huoneesta-ottaminen\" style=\"position:relative;\">Huoneesta ottaminen<a href=\"#huoneesta-ottaminen\" aria-label=\"huoneesta ottaminen permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokalle <code class=\"language-text\">Huone</code> metodi <code class=\"language-text\">poista_lyhin()</code>, joka poistaa ja palauttaa huoneesta lyhimmän henkilön. Mikäli huone on tyhjä, metodi palauttaa <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>-viitteen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">huone <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Lea\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">183</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kenya\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">182</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nina\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">172</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>Henkilo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Auli\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">186</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npoistettu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> huone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>poista_lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Otettiin huoneesta </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>poistettu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nhuone<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tiedot<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Huoneessa 4 henkilöä, yhteispituus 723 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nNina (172 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p><p>Otettiin huoneesta Nina</p><p>Huoneessa 3 henkilöä, yhteispituus 551 cm\nLea (183 cm)\nKenya (182 cm)\nAuli (186 cm)</p></sample-output><p><strong>Vihje</strong>: <a href=\"/osa-4/3-listat#alkioiden-lisaaminen-ja-poistaminen\">osassa 4</a> kerrottiin, miten alkion poistaminen listalta onnistuu.</p><p><strong>Vihje2</strong>: muista, että metodissa on mahdollista kutsua saman olion toista metodia. Eli seuraava koodi toimii:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Huone</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lyhin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># koodi</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">poista_lyhin</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        lyhin_henkilo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lyhin<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># ...</span></code></pre></div></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina","title":"Oliot attribuuttina"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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puuroa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Säähavaintoasema","tmcname":"osa09-11_havaintoasema"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita luokka "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Havaintoasema"}]},{"type":"text","value":", johon voidaan tallentaa säähavaintoja. Luokalla on seuraavat julkiset piirteet:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"konstruktori, joka saa parametriksen aseman nimen"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_havainto(havainto: str)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka lisää havainnon listan peräään"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"viimeisin_havainto()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa viimeksi lisätyn havainnon. Jos havaintoja ei ole tehty, metodi palauttaa "},{"type":"element","tagName":"em","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tyhjän merkkijonon"}]},{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"havaintojen_maara()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa havaintojen yhteismäärän"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"__str__"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa aseman nimen ja havaintojen yhteismäärän alla olevan esimerkin mukaisessa muodossa."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Luokan kaikkien attribuuttien pitää olla asiakkaalta piilossa. Saat itse päättää luokan sisäisen toteutuksen."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"asema "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Havaintoasema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Kumpula\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nasema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_havainto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Sadetta 10mm\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nasema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_havainto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Aurinkoista\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"viimeisin_havainto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nasema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_havainto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Ukkosta\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"viimeisin_havainto"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"havaintojen_maara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"asema"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Aurinkoista\nUkkosta\n3\nKumpula, 3 havaintoa"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa piilotetun attribuutin</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa attribuutille asetus- ja havainnointimetodit</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnissa asiakkaalla tarkoitetaan luokkaa tai siitä muodostettuja olioita käyttävää ohjelmaa. Luokka tarjoaa asiakkaalle <em>palveluja</em>, joiden avulla asiakas voi käyttää olioita. Päämääränä on, että</p><ol>\n<li>asiakkaan kannalta luokan ja olioiden käyttö on mahdollisimman yksinkertaista ja</li>\n<li>olion <em>sisäinen eheys</em> säilyy joka tilanteessa.</li>\n</ol><p>Sisäisellä eheydellä tarkoitetaan, että olion <em>tila</em> (eli käytännössä olion attribuuttien arvot) pysyy koko ajan hyväksyttävänä. Virheellinen tila olisi esimerkiksi sellainen, jossa päivämäärää esittävälle oliolle kuukauden numero on 13 tai opiskelijaa esittävällä oliolla opintopistemäärä on negatiivinen luku.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa Opiskelija:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p><code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-olio tarjoaa asiakkaalle metodin <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_suoritus</code>, jolla opintopisteitä voidaan lisätä. Metodi varmistaa, että lisättävä opintopisteiden määrä on positiivinen. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi lisää kolme suoritusta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oskari <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Oskari Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opintopisteet: 20</p></sample-output><p>Asiakas pystyy kuitenkin muuttamaan opintopistemäärää myös suoraan viittaamalla attribuuttiin <code class=\"language-text\">opintopisteet</code>. Näin olio voi päätyä virheelliseen tilaan, jossa se ei ole enää sisäisesti eheä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oskari <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Oskari Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opintopisteet: -100</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kapselointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kapselointi<a href=\"#kapselointi\" aria-label=\"kapselointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokka voi piilottaa attribuutit asiakkailta. Pythonissa tämä tapahtuu lisäämällä attribuuttimuuttujan nimen alkuun kaksi alaviivaa <code class=\"language-text\">__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkikortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutti numero on piilotettu, nimi on näkyvissä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Piilotettu attribuutti ei näy asiakkaalle, vaan siihen viittaaminen aiheutta virheilmoituksen. Niinpä nimen voi tulostaa ja sitä voi muuttaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rutiköyhä\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Reijo Rahakas\nReijo Rutiköyhä</p></sample-output><p>Mutta jos kortin numeroa yritetään tulostaa, seuraa virheilmoitus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'Pankkikortti' object has no attribute '__numero'</p></sample-output><p>Tietojen piilottamista asiakkaalta kutsutaan <em>kapseloinniksi</em>. Nimensä mukaisesti attribuutti siis \"suljetaan kapseliin\" ja asiakkaalle tarjotaan sopiva rajapinta, jonka kautta tietoa voi käsitellä.</p><p>Laajennetaan pankkikorttiesimerkkiä niin, että kortilla on piilotettu attribuutti saldo ja tämän käsittelyyn tarkoitetut julkiset metodit, joiden avulla asiakas voi hallita saldoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkikortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> maara\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kayta_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> maara\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kayta_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä ei onnistu, koska saldo ei riitä</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kayta_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5000\n5100\n4600\n4600</p></sample-output><p>Saldoa ei voi suoraan muuttaa, koska attribuutti on piilotettu, mutta sitä voi muuttaa metodeilla <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_rahaa</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kayta_rahaa</code> ja sen voi hakea metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">hae_saldo</code>. Metodeihin voidaan sijoittaa sopivia tarkastuksia, joilla varmistetaan, että olion sisäinen eheys säilyy: esimerkiksi rahaa ei voi käyttää enempää kuin kortilla on saldoa jäljellä.</p><programming-exercise name='Auto' tmcname='osa09-09_auto'><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>, jossa on <em>kapseloituina attribuutteina</em> tieto bensatankin sisällöstä (0-60 litraa) sekä ajetuista kilometreista. Auto kuluttaa litran bensaa kilometrillä.</p><p>Luokalla on seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tankkaa()</code>, joka täyttää bensatankin</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">aja(km:int)</code>, joka ajaa parametrina olevan kilometrimäärän tai niin pitkälle kuin bensaa riittää</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka näyttää esimerkin mukaisen kuvauksen autosta</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkki luokan käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">auto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Auto: ajettu 0 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 0 km, bensaa 60 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 20 km, bensaa 40 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 60 litraa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että bensan ja ajettujen kilometrien määrä on kapseloitava, niihin ei tule pystyä vaikuttamaan muuten kuin auton metodeja kutsumalla.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Asetus- ja havainnointimetodit<a href=\"#asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\" aria-label=\"asetus  ja havainnointimetodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tarjoaa myös suoraviivaisemman syntaksin attribuuttien havainnoimiselle ja asettamiselle. Tarkastellaan ensin esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lompakko</code>, jossa ainoa attribuutti <code class=\"language-text\">rahaa</code> on suojattu asiakkailta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokkaan voidaan lisätä havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit, joilla asiakas voi hallita rahamäärää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Asetusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rahaa</code></pre></div><p>Luokalle siis määritellään ensin havainnointimetodi, joka palauttaa rahamäärän, ja sitten asetusmetodi, joka asettaa rahamäärän ja varmistaa, että uusi rahamäärä ei ole negatiivinen.</p><p>Kutsuminen tapahtuu esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lompsa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lompakko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n50\n50</p></sample-output><p>Asiakkaan kannalta metodien kutsuminen muistuttaa attribuuttien kutsumista, koska kutsussa ei käytetä sulkuja vaan voi kirjoittaa esimerkiksi<code class=\"language-text\">lompsa.rahaa = 50</code>. Tarkoituksena onkin piilottaa (eli kapseloida) sisäinen toteutus ja tarjota asiakkaalle vaivaton tapa muokata olion tietoja.</p><p>Edellisessä esimerkissä on kuitenkin yksi pieni vika: asiakas ei saa mitään viestiä siitä, että negatiivisen rahasumman asettaminen ei toimi. Kun arvo on selvästi virheellinen, hyvä tapa viestiä tästä on heittää poikkeus. Tässä tapauksessa oikea poikkeus voisi olla <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>, joka kertoo että arvo on väärä.</p><p>Korjattu versio luokasta ja testikoodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Asetusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rahaa\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahasumma ei saa olla negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>ValueError: Rahasumma ei saa olla negatiivinen</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että havainnointimetodi eli <code class=\"language-text\">@property</code>-dekoraattori pitää esitellä luokassa ennen asetusmetodia, muuten seuraa virhe. Tämä johtuu siitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">@property</code>-dekoraattori määrittelee käytettävän \"asetusattribuutin\" nimen (edellisessä esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">rahaa</code>), ja asetusmetodi <code class=\"language-text\">.setter</code> liittää siihen uuden toiminnallisuuden.</p><programming-exercise name='Äänite' tmcname='osa09-10_aanite'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Aanite</code>, joka mallintaa yksittäistä äänitettä. Luokalla on yksi piilotettu attribuutti, kokonaislukutyyppinen <code class=\"language-text\">__pituus</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokalle</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen pituuden</li>\n<li>havainnointimetodi <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code>, joka palauttaa pituuden</li>\n<li>asetusmetodi, joka asettaa pituuden arvon</li>\n</ul><p>Luokkaa siis käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">the_wall <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Aanite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>the_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nthe_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>the_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>43\n44</p></sample-output><p>Jos pituudeksi yritetään asettaa nollaa pienempää arvoa joko konstruktorissa tai asetusmetodissa, tulee tuottaa virhe <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p><p>Jos et muista miten poikkeus tuotetaan, kertaa\n<a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">osan 6</a> materiaalista.</p></programming-exercise><p>Katsotaan vielä esimerkki luokasta, jolla on kaksi suojattua attribuuttia ja molemmille havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelinumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelinumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelinumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelinumero\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelinumeron täytyy olla positiviinen kokonaisluku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Palloilija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Paula Palloilija\"</span>\npelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Palloilija\n10\nPaula Palloilija\n11</p></sample-output><p>Kolmantena esimerkkinä tarkastellaan luokkaa, joka mallintaa päiväkirjaa. Huomaa, että omistajalla on asetus- ja havainnointimetodit, mutta merkintöjen lisäys on toteutettu \"perinteisillä\" metodeilla. Tämä siksi, että asiakkaalle ei ole haluttu tarjota suoraan pääsyä tietorakenteeseen, johon merkinnät tallennetaan. Kapseloinnista on tässä sekin hyöty, että sisäistä toteutusta voidaan myöhemmin muuttaa (esim. vaihtamalla lista vaikka sanakirjaksi) ilman, että asiakkaan täytyy muuttaa omaa koodiaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Paivakirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">omistaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">omistaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omistaja ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_merkinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yhteensä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"merkintää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkinta <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paivakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään söin puuroa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yhteensä 3 merkintää</p><ul>\n<li>Tänään söin puuroa</li>\n<li>Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia</li>\n<li>Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan</li>\n</ul></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Säähavaintoasema' tmcname='osa09-11_havaintoasema'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Havaintoasema</code>, johon voidaan tallentaa säähavaintoja. Luokalla on seuraavat julkiset piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametriksen aseman nimen</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_havainto(havainto: str)</code>, joka lisää havainnon listan peräään</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">viimeisin_havainto()</code>, joka palauttaa viimeksi lisätyn havainnon. Jos havaintoja ei ole tehty, metodi palauttaa <em>tyhjän merkkijonon</em>.</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">havaintojen_maara()</code>, joka palauttaa havaintojen yhteismäärän</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa aseman nimen ja havaintojen yhteismäärän alla olevan esimerkin mukaisessa muodossa.</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan kaikkien attribuuttien pitää olla asiakkaalta piilossa. Saat itse päättää luokan sisäisen toteutuksen.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asema <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Havaintoasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpula\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sadetta 10mm\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aurinkoista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viimeisin_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ukkosta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viimeisin_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>havaintojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Aurinkoista\nUkkosta\n3\nKumpula, 3 havaintoa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/3-kapselointi","title":"Kapselointi"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/3-kapselointi.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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3 havaintoa"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, mitä tarkoitetaan kapseloinnilla</li>\n<li>Osaat muodostaa piilotetun attribuutin</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa attribuutille asetus- ja havainnointimetodit</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnissa asiakkaalla tarkoitetaan luokkaa tai siitä muodostettuja olioita käyttävää ohjelmaa. Luokka tarjoaa asiakkaalle <em>palveluja</em>, joiden avulla asiakas voi käyttää olioita. Päämääränä on, että</p><ol>\n<li>asiakkaan kannalta luokan ja olioiden käyttö on mahdollisimman yksinkertaista ja</li>\n<li>olion <em>sisäinen eheys</em> säilyy joka tilanteessa.</li>\n</ol><p>Sisäisellä eheydellä tarkoitetaan, että olion <em>tila</em> (eli käytännössä olion attribuuttien arvot) pysyy koko ajan hyväksyttävänä. Virheellinen tila olisi esimerkiksi sellainen, jossa päivämäärää esittävälle oliolle kuukauden numero on 13 tai opiskelijaa esittävällä oliolla opintopistemäärä on negatiivinen luku.</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa Opiskelija:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> opintopisteet</code></pre></div><p><code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code>-olio tarjoaa asiakkaalle metodin <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_suoritus</code>, jolla opintopisteitä voidaan lisätä. Metodi varmistaa, että lisättävä opintopisteiden määrä on positiivinen. Esimerkiksi seuraava koodi lisää kolme suoritusta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oskari <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Oskari Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opintopisteet: 20</p></sample-output><p>Asiakas pystyy kuitenkin muuttamaan opintopistemäärää myös suoraan viittaamalla attribuuttiin <code class=\"language-text\">opintopisteet</code>. Näin olio voi päätyä virheelliseen tilaan, jossa se ei ole enää sisäisesti eheä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">oskari <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Oskari Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\noskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> oskari<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opintopisteet: -100</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kapselointi\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kapselointi<a href=\"#kapselointi\" aria-label=\"kapselointi permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokka voi piilottaa attribuutit asiakkailta. Pythonissa tämä tapahtuu lisäämällä attribuuttimuuttujan nimen alkuun kaksi alaviivaa <code class=\"language-text\">__</code>:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkikortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutti numero on piilotettu, nimi on näkyvissä</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi</code></pre></div><p>Piilotettu attribuutti ei näy asiakkaalle, vaan siihen viittaaminen aiheutta virheilmoituksen. Niinpä nimen voi tulostaa ja sitä voi muuttaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rutiköyhä\"</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Reijo Rahakas\nReijo Rutiköyhä</p></sample-output><p>Mutta jos kortin numeroa yritetään tulostaa, seuraa virheilmoitus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'Pankkikortti' object has no attribute '__numero'</p></sample-output><p>Tietojen piilottamista asiakkaalta kutsutaan <em>kapseloinniksi</em>. Nimensä mukaisesti attribuutti siis \"suljetaan kapseliin\" ja asiakkaalle tarjotaan sopiva rajapinta, jonka kautta tietoa voi käsitellä.</p><p>Laajennetaan pankkikorttiesimerkkiä niin, että kortilla on piilotettu attribuutti saldo ja tämän käsittelyyn tarkoitetut julkiset metodit, joiden avulla asiakas voi hallita saldoa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pankkikortti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__numero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> maara\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kayta_rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> maara <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">-=</span> maara\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">hae_saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kortti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkikortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"123456\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Reijo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kayta_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">500</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä ei onnistu, koska saldo ei riitä</span>\nkortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kayta_rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kortti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>hae_saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5000\n5100\n4600\n4600</p></sample-output><p>Saldoa ei voi suoraan muuttaa, koska attribuutti on piilotettu, mutta sitä voi muuttaa metodeilla <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_rahaa</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">kayta_rahaa</code> ja sen voi hakea metodilla <code class=\"language-text\">hae_saldo</code>. Metodeihin voidaan sijoittaa sopivia tarkastuksia, joilla varmistetaan, että olion sisäinen eheys säilyy: esimerkiksi rahaa ei voi käyttää enempää kuin kortilla on saldoa jäljellä.</p><programming-exercise name='Auto' tmcname='osa09-09_auto'><p>Toteuta luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Auto</code>, jossa on <em>kapseloituina attribuutteina</em> tieto bensatankin sisällöstä (0-60 litraa) sekä ajetuista kilometreista. Auto kuluttaa litran bensaa kilometrillä.</p><p>Luokalla on seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tankkaa()</code>, joka täyttää bensatankin</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">aja(km:int)</code>, joka ajaa parametrina olevan kilometrimäärän tai niin pitkälle kuin bensaa riittää</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka näyttää esimerkin mukaisen kuvauksen autosta</li>\n</ul><p>Esimerkki luokan käyttämisestä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">auto <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">20</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">50</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>aja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nauto<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tankkaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>auto<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Auto: ajettu 0 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 0 km, bensaa 60 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 20 km, bensaa 40 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 0 litraa\nAuto: ajettu 60 km, bensaa 60 litraa</p></sample-output><p><strong>Huomaa</strong>, että bensan ja ajettujen kilometrien määrä on kapseloitava, niihin ei tule pystyä vaikuttamaan muuten kuin auton metodeja kutsumalla.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Asetus- ja havainnointimetodit<a href=\"#asetus--ja-havainnointimetodit\" aria-label=\"asetus  ja havainnointimetodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Python tarjoaa myös suoraviivaisemman syntaksin attribuuttien havainnoimiselle ja asettamiselle. Tarkastellaan ensin esimerkkinä yksinkertaista luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Lompakko</code>, jossa ainoa attribuutti <code class=\"language-text\">rahaa</code> on suojattu asiakkailta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span></code></pre></div><p>Luokkaan voidaan lisätä havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit, joilla asiakas voi hallita rahamäärää:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Asetusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rahaa</code></pre></div><p>Luokalle siis määritellään ensin havainnointimetodi, joka palauttaa rahamäärän, ja sitten asetusmetodi, joka asettaa rahamäärän ja varmistaa, että uusi rahamäärä ei ole negatiivinen.</p><p>Kutsuminen tapahtuu esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lompsa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lompakko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">50</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0\n50\n50</p></sample-output><p>Asiakkaan kannalta metodien kutsuminen muistuttaa attribuuttien kutsumista, koska kutsussa ei käytetä sulkuja vaan voi kirjoittaa esimerkiksi<code class=\"language-text\">lompsa.rahaa = 50</code>. Tarkoituksena onkin piilottaa (eli kapseloida) sisäinen toteutus ja tarjota asiakkaalle vaivaton tapa muokata olion tietoja.</p><p>Edellisessä esimerkissä on kuitenkin yksi pieni vika: asiakas ei saa mitään viestiä siitä, että negatiivisen rahasumman asettaminen ei toimi. Kun arvo on selvästi virheellinen, hyvä tapa viestiä tästä on heittää poikkeus. Tässä tapauksessa oikea poikkeus voisi olla <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>, joka kertoo että arvo on väärä.</p><p>Korjattu versio luokasta ja testikoodi:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Lompakko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Asetusmetodi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rahaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rahaa\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rahasumma ei saa olla negatiivinen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span><span class=\"token number\">30</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lompsa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rahaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>ValueError: Rahasumma ei saa olla negatiivinen</p></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että havainnointimetodi eli <code class=\"language-text\">@property</code>-dekoraattori pitää esitellä luokassa ennen asetusmetodia, muuten seuraa virhe. Tämä johtuu siitä, että <code class=\"language-text\">@property</code>-dekoraattori määrittelee käytettävän \"asetusattribuutin\" nimen (edellisessä esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">rahaa</code>), ja asetusmetodi <code class=\"language-text\">.setter</code> liittää siihen uuden toiminnallisuuden.</p><programming-exercise name='Äänite' tmcname='osa09-10_aanite'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Aanite</code>, joka mallintaa yksittäistä äänitettä. Luokalla on yksi piilotettu attribuutti, kokonaislukutyyppinen <code class=\"language-text\">__pituus</code>.</p><p>Kirjoita luokalle</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen pituuden</li>\n<li>havainnointimetodi <code class=\"language-text\">pituus</code>, joka palauttaa pituuden</li>\n<li>asetusmetodi, joka asettaa pituuden arvon</li>\n</ul><p>Luokkaa siis käytetään seuraavasti:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">the_wall <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Aanite<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">43</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>the_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nthe_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">44</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>the_wall<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>43\n44</p></sample-output><p>Jos pituudeksi yritetään asettaa nollaa pienempää arvoa joko konstruktorissa tai asetusmetodissa, tulee tuottaa virhe <code class=\"language-text\">ValueError</code>.</p><p>Jos et muista miten poikkeus tuotetaan, kertaa\n<a href=\"/osa-6/3-virheet#poikkeusten-tuottaminen\">osan 6</a> materiaalista.</p></programming-exercise><p>Katsotaan vielä esimerkki luokasta, jolla on kaksi suojattua attribuuttia ja molemmille havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Pelaaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelinumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelinumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pelinumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> pelinumero\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pelinumeron täytyy olla positiviinen kokonaisluku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pelaaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka Palloilija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Paula Palloilija\"</span>\npelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">11</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pelaaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pelinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Pekka Palloilija\n10\nPaula Palloilija\n11</p></sample-output><p>Kolmantena esimerkkinä tarkastellaan luokkaa, joka mallintaa päiväkirjaa. Huomaa, että omistajalla on asetus- ja havainnointimetodit, mutta merkintöjen lisäys on toteutettu \"perinteisillä\" metodeilla. Tämä siksi, että asiakkaalle ei ole haluttu tarjota suoraan pääsyä tietorakenteeseen, johon merkinnät tallennetaan. Kapseloinnista on tässä sekin hyöty, että sisäistä toteutusta voidaan myöhemmin muuttaa (esim. vaihtamalla lista vaikka sanakirjaksi) ilman, että asiakkaan täytyy muuttaa omaa koodiaan.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Paivakirja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">omistaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">omistaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Omistaja ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_merkinta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">tulosta</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yhteensä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"merkintää\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkinta <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkinnat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"- \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paivakirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Paivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pekka\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään söin puuroa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_merkinta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaivakirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yhteensä 3 merkintää</p><ul>\n<li>Tänään söin puuroa</li>\n<li>Tänään opettelin olio-ohjelmointia</li>\n<li>Tänään menin ajoissa nukkumaan</li>\n</ul></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Säähavaintoasema' tmcname='osa09-11_havaintoasema'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Havaintoasema</code>, johon voidaan tallentaa säähavaintoja. Luokalla on seuraavat julkiset piirteet:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametriksen aseman nimen</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_havainto(havainto: str)</code>, joka lisää havainnon listan peräään</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">viimeisin_havainto()</code>, joka palauttaa viimeksi lisätyn havainnon. Jos havaintoja ei ole tehty, metodi palauttaa <em>tyhjän merkkijonon</em>.</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">havaintojen_maara()</code>, joka palauttaa havaintojen yhteismäärän</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa aseman nimen ja havaintojen yhteismäärän alla olevan esimerkin mukaisessa muodossa.</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan kaikkien attribuuttien pitää olla asiakkaalta piilossa. Saat itse päättää luokan sisäisen toteutuksen.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">asema <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Havaintoasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kumpula\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sadetta 10mm\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aurinkoista\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viimeisin_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nasema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ukkosta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>viimeisin_havainto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>havaintojen_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>asema<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Aurinkoista\nUkkosta\n3\nKumpula, 3 havaintoa</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/3-kapselointi","title":"Kapselointi"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/3-kapselointi.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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tulostaa esimerkiksi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"[('pata', 7), ('pata', 11), ('hertta', 7), ('ruutu', 3), ('pata', 4)]\n[('risti', 8), ('pata', 12), ('ruutu', 13), ('risti', 11), ('pata', 10)]"}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Piilotettuja metodeja tarvitaan yleensä harvemmin kuin piilotettuja attribuutteja. Metodi kannattaa piilottaa, jos asiakas ei tarvitse siihen suoraa pääsyä, ja varsinkin silloin, jos on todennäköistä, että asiakas voisi sotkea olion sisäisen eheyden metodia kutsumalla."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"programming-exercise","properties":{"name":"Palvelumaksu","tmcname":"osa09-12_palvelumaksu"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kirjoita luokka "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Pankkitili"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka mallintaa pankkitiliä. Luokalla tulee olla"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen tilinomistajan (str), tilinumeron (str) ja saldon (float)"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"talleta(summa: float)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", jolla tilille voidaan tallettaa rahaa"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"metodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nosta(summa: float)"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka nostaa tililtä rahasumman"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"havainnointimetodi "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"saldo"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka palauttaa tilin saldon"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Lisäksi luokalla on yksityinen metodi"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"ul","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"li","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"__palvelumaksu()"}]},{"type":"text","value":", joka vähentää tililtä yhden prosentin rahaa. Luokassa kutsutaan tätä metodia aina, kun asiakas kutsuu jompaa kumpaa metodeista "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"talleta"}]},{"type":"text","value":" tai "},{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-text"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"nosta"}]},{"type":"text","value":". Prosentti vähennetään aina varsinaisen operaation jälkeen (eli. esimerkiksi vasta sitten, kun rahat on talletettu)."}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Kaikki luokan attribuutit ovat yksityisiä."}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{"className":["gatsby-highlight"],"dataLanguage":"python"},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"pre","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"code","properties":{"className":["language-python"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"tili "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Pankkitili"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Raimo Rahakas\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"12345-6789\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntili"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"nosta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tili"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"saldo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\ntili"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"talleta"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"100"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tili"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"saldo"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"891.0\n981.09"}]}]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tiedät, miten metodin näkyvyys määritellään Pythonissa</li>\n<li>Osaat kirjoittaa piilotettuja metodeita</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Luokassa olevien metodien näkyvyyteen voidaan vaikuttaa samalla tavalla kuin attribuuttien näkyvyyteen. Jos metodin nimi alkaa kahdella alaviivalla <code class=\"language-text\">__</code>, metodi ei ole näkyvissä asiakkaille.</p><p>Käytännössä mekanismia käytetään hiukan eri tavalla: piilotettujen attribuuttien käyttöä varten kirjoitetaan usein julkiset havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit. Piilotettu metodi on kuitenkin yleensä tarkoitettu vain luokan sisäiseen käyttöön, apumetodiksi asiakkaalta piilotettujen operaatioiden toteuttamiseksi.</p><p>Piilotettua metodia voidaan kutsua luokan sisällä normaalisti, mutta kutsuttaessa pitää muistaa <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluke. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä sähköpostin vastaanottajaa mallintavaa luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Vastaanottaja</code>, jossa yksityistä apumetodia käytetään tarkistamaan sähköpostiosoitteen oikeellisuus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Vastaanottaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__tarkasta_sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yksinkertainen tarkastus: osoitteessa on yli 5 merkkiä ja piste ja @-merkki</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti</code></pre></div><p>Jos asiakas yrittää kutsua metodia, seuraa virhe:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pertti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Vastaanottaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pertti Keinonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pertti@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npertti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"jokumuu@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'Vastaanottaja' object has no attribute '__tarkasta_sposti'</p></sample-output><p>Samaa apumetodia kannattaa kutsua myös sähköpostia asettaessa - lisätään siis luokkaan esimerkin vuoksi havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit sähköpostille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Vastaanottaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__tarkasta_sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yksinkertainen tarkastus: osoitteessa on yli 5 merkkiä ja piste ja @-merkki</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkastellaan sitten toista esimerkkiä. Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Korttipakka</code> mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti 52 kortin korttipakkaa. Apumetodi <code class=\"language-text\">__alusta_pakka</code> luo uuden sekoitetun pakan oliota luotaessa. Vastaava alustus voitaisiin toki tehdä myös metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code>, mutta erillisen apumetodin käyttö tekee koodista siistimpää ja mahdollistaa alustusmetodin kutsumisen myös muualta luokasta tarvittaessa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korttipakka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__alusta_pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__alusta_pakka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Laitetaan kaikki kortit pakkaan</span>\n        maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pata\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hertta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"risti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ruutu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Sekoitetaan pakka</span>\n        shuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korttien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kasi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Siirretään pakasta ylimmät kortit käteen</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>korttien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            kasi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kasi</code></pre></div><p>Seuraava koodi testaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">korttipakka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasi1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>jaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kasi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasi2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>jaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kasi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>[('pata', 7), ('pata', 11), ('hertta', 7), ('ruutu', 3), ('pata', 4)]\n[('risti', 8), ('pata', 12), ('ruutu', 13), ('risti', 11), ('pata', 10)]</p></sample-output><p>Piilotettuja metodeja tarvitaan yleensä harvemmin kuin piilotettuja attribuutteja. Metodi kannattaa piilottaa, jos asiakas ei tarvitse siihen suoraa pääsyä, ja varsinkin silloin, jos on todennäköistä, että asiakas voisi sotkea olion sisäisen eheyden metodia kutsumalla.</p><programming-exercise name='Palvelumaksu' tmcname='osa09-12_palvelumaksu'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>, joka mallintaa pankkitiliä. Luokalla tulee olla</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen tilinomistajan (str), tilinumeron (str) ja saldon (float)</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">talleta(summa: float)</code>, jolla tilille voidaan tallettaa rahaa</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nosta(summa: float)</code>, joka nostaa tililtä rahasumman</li>\n<li>havainnointimetodi <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>, joka palauttaa tilin saldon</li>\n</ul><p>Lisäksi luokalla on yksityinen metodi</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">__palvelumaksu()</code>, joka vähentää tililtä yhden prosentin rahaa. Luokassa kutsutaan tätä metodia aina, kun asiakas kutsuu jompaa kumpaa metodeista <code class=\"language-text\">talleta</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">nosta</code>. Prosentti vähennetään aina varsinaisen operaation jälkeen (eli. esimerkiksi vasta sitten, kun rahat on talletettu).</li>\n</ul><p>Kaikki luokan attribuutit ovat yksityisiä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Raimo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345-6789\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>talleta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>891.0\n981.09</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/4-metodien-nakyvyys","title":"Metodien näkyvyys"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/4-metodien-nakyvyys.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Jos metodin nimi alkaa kahdella alaviivalla <code class=\"language-text\">__</code>, metodi ei ole näkyvissä asiakkaille.</p><p>Käytännössä mekanismia käytetään hiukan eri tavalla: piilotettujen attribuuttien käyttöä varten kirjoitetaan usein julkiset havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit. Piilotettu metodi on kuitenkin yleensä tarkoitettu vain luokan sisäiseen käyttöön, apumetodiksi asiakkaalta piilotettujen operaatioiden toteuttamiseksi.</p><p>Piilotettua metodia voidaan kutsua luokan sisällä normaalisti, mutta kutsuttaessa pitää muistaa <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluke. Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä sähköpostin vastaanottajaa mallintavaa luokkaa <code class=\"language-text\">Vastaanottaja</code>, jossa yksityistä apumetodia käytetään tarkistamaan sähköpostiosoitteen oikeellisuus:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Vastaanottaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__tarkasta_sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yksinkertainen tarkastus: osoitteessa on yli 5 merkkiä ja piste ja @-merkki</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti</code></pre></div><p>Jos asiakas yrittää kutsua metodia, seuraa virhe:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">pertti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Vastaanottaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pertti Keinonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"pertti@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npertti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"jokumuu@example.com\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>AttributeError: 'Vastaanottaja' object has no attribute '__tarkasta_sposti'</p></sample-output><p>Samaa apumetodia kannattaa kutsua myös sähköpostia asettaessa - lisätään siis luokkaan esimerkin vuoksi havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit sähköpostille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Vastaanottaja</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__tarkasta_sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Yksinkertainen tarkastus: osoitteessa on yli 5 merkkiä ja piste ja @-merkki</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">></span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\".\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti <span class=\"token keyword\">and</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"@\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> sposti\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">sposti</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tarkasta_sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>sposti<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__sposti <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> sposti\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Sähköposti ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tarkastellaan sitten toista esimerkkiä. Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Korttipakka</code> mallintaa nimensä mukaisesti 52 kortin korttipakkaa. Apumetodi <code class=\"language-text\">__alusta_pakka</code> luo uuden sekoitetun pakan oliota luotaessa. Vastaava alustus voitaisiin toki tehdä myös metodissa <code class=\"language-text\">__init__</code>, mutta erillisen apumetodin käyttö tekee koodista siistimpää ja mahdollistaa alustusmetodin kutsumisen myös muualta luokasta tarvittaessa.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">from</span> random <span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> shuffle\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korttipakka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__alusta_pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__alusta_pakka</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Laitetaan kaikki kortit pakkaan</span>\n        maat <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token string\">\"pata\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"hertta\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"risti\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"ruutu\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> maat<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> numero <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">14</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Sekoitetaan pakka</span>\n        shuffle<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">jaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korttien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        kasi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Siirretään pakasta ylimmät kortit käteen</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> i <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">range</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>korttien_maara<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            kasi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__pakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pop<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> kasi</code></pre></div><p>Seuraava koodi testaa luokkaa:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">korttipakka <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasi1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>jaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kasi1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkasi2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korttipakka<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>jaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kasi2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelma tulostaa esimerkiksi</p><sample-output><p>[('pata', 7), ('pata', 11), ('hertta', 7), ('ruutu', 3), ('pata', 4)]\n[('risti', 8), ('pata', 12), ('ruutu', 13), ('risti', 11), ('pata', 10)]</p></sample-output><p>Piilotettuja metodeja tarvitaan yleensä harvemmin kuin piilotettuja attribuutteja. Metodi kannattaa piilottaa, jos asiakas ei tarvitse siihen suoraa pääsyä, ja varsinkin silloin, jos on todennäköistä, että asiakas voisi sotkea olion sisäisen eheyden metodia kutsumalla.</p><programming-exercise name='Palvelumaksu' tmcname='osa09-12_palvelumaksu'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Pankkitili</code>, joka mallintaa pankkitiliä. Luokalla tulee olla</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, joka saa parametrikseen tilinomistajan (str), tilinumeron (str) ja saldon (float)</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">talleta(summa: float)</code>, jolla tilille voidaan tallettaa rahaa</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">nosta(summa: float)</code>, joka nostaa tililtä rahasumman</li>\n<li>havainnointimetodi <code class=\"language-text\">saldo</code>, joka palauttaa tilin saldon</li>\n</ul><p>Lisäksi luokalla on yksityinen metodi</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">__palvelumaksu()</code>, joka vähentää tililtä yhden prosentin rahaa. Luokassa kutsutaan tätä metodia aina, kun asiakas kutsuu jompaa kumpaa metodeista <code class=\"language-text\">talleta</code> tai <code class=\"language-text\">nosta</code>. Prosentti vähennetään aina varsinaisen operaation jälkeen (eli. esimerkiksi vasta sitten, kun rahat on talletettu).</li>\n</ul><p>Kaikki luokan attribuutit ovat yksityisiä.</p><p>Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Pankkitili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Raimo Rahakas\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345-6789\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nosta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>talleta<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div><sample-output><p>891.0\n981.09</p></sample-output></programming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/4-metodien-nakyvyys","title":"Metodien näkyvyys"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/4-metodien-nakyvyys.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja 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Myös käsitettä <em>luokkamuuttuja</em> käytetään.</p><h2 id=\"luokkamuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkamuuttujat<a href=\"#luokkamuuttujat\" aria-label=\"luokkamuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten on aiemmin opittu, jokaisella oliolla on omat itsenäiset arvonsa attribuuteille. Attribuuttien lisäksi luokassa voidaan määritellä <em>luokkamuuttujia</em> eli staattisia muuttujia. Luokkamuuttujalla tarkoitetaan muuttujaa, jota käytetään luokan kautta eikä luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kautta. Luokkamuuttujalla on yksi yhteinen arvo riippumatta siitä, montako oliota luokasta muodostetaan.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujan määrittely eroaa attribuutista siinä, että se määritellään ilman <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluketta. Jos luokkamuuttujaa halutaan käyttää koko luokassa ja mahdollisesti luokan ulkopuoleltakin, se tulee määritellä metodien ulkopuolella.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korkotili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korko\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Korko on yleiskorko + tilin korko</span>\n        korko_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> korko_yhteensa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo</code></pre></div><p>Koska yleiskorko on määritelty luokassa eikä metodin sisällä eikä sen alustuksessa ole käytetty <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluketta, se on luokkamuuttuja.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujaan viitataan luokan nimen avulla, esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Yleiskorko on olioista riippumaton</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään kokonaiskorko saldoon</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yleiskorko on 0.03\n1080.0</p></sample-output><p>Luokkamuuttujiin viitataan siis luokan nimen avulla, esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Korkotili.yleiskorko</code>, ja oliomuuttujiin eli attribuutteihin olion nimen avulla <code class=\"language-text\">tili.saldo</code>. Oliomuuttujiin voi luonnollisesti viitata vasta, kun luokasta on muodostettu olio.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujaa on kätevä käyttää, kun halutaan tallentaa arvoja, jotka on jaettu kaikkien olioiden kesken. Edellisessä esimerkissä oletetaan, että kaikilla pankkitileillä on sama yleiskorkoprosentti, jonka lisäksi tilille voidaan erikseen määrittää oma korkoprosenttinsa. Yleiskorkokin voi muuttua, mutta muutos vaikuttaa kaikkiin luokasta muodostettuihin olioihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korkotili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korko\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Korko on yleiskorko + tilin korko</span>\n        korko_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> korko_yhteensa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kokonaiskorko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.06</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Nostetaan yleiskorko 10 prosenttiin</span>\nKorkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.10</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yleiskorko: 0.03\n0.06\n0.09\nYleiskorko: 0.1\n0.13\n0.16</p></sample-output><p>Kun yleiskorko nousee, kaikkien luokasta määriteltyjen tilien kokonaiskorko nousee. Huomaa, että kokonaiskorko on määritelty havainnointimetodiksi, vaikkei vastaavaa attribuuttia olekaan suoraan määritelty. Metodi palauttaa tilin koron ja yleiskoron summan.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä. Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinnumero</code> on maatunnukset tallennettuna sanakirjaan. Lista maatunnuksista on yhteinen kaikille luokasta luoduille puhelinnumero-olioille, koska maatunnus saman maan puhelinnumeroille on aina sama.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    maatunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+358\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+46\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Yhdysvallat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> puhelinnumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Puhelinnumerosta jää etunolla pois, kun maatunnus lisätään alkuun</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paulan_nro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paula Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"050 1234 567\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paulan_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>+358 50 1234 567</p></sample-output><p>Kun puhelinnumero-olio luodaan, tallennetaan nimen ja numeron lisäksi maa. Kun numero haetaan havainnointimetodilla, haetaan numeron eteen maatunnus luokkamuuttujasta olion attribuuttiin tallennetun maatiedon avulla.</p><p>Esimerkkiluokka on toiminnallisuudeltaan melko vajavainen. Katsotaan vielä, miltä näyttäisi parempi toteutus, jossa on havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit eri attribuuteille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    maatunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+358\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+46\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Yhdysvallat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä kutsuu metodia puhelinnumero.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> puhelinnumero\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä kutsuu metodia maa.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodissa yhdistetään maatunnus ja puhelinnumero</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Puhelinnumerosta jää etunolla pois, kun maatunnus lisätään alkuun</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Varmistetaan, että puhelinnumerossa on vain numeroita ja välilyöntejä</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234567890 \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Puhelinnumero saa sisältää vain lukuja ja välilyöntejä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Pelkkä puhelinnumero ilman maatunnusta</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">paikallinen_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Varmistetaan, että maa on maatunnusten listalla</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Annettua maata ei löydy listalta.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pertti Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"040 111 1111\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paikallinen_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>+46 40 111 1111 (Pertti Python)\n+46 40 111 1111\n040 111 1111</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Postinumerot' tmcname='osa09-13_postinumerot'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kaupunki</code>, joka mallintaa yksittäistä kaupunkia.</p><p>Lisää luokkaan luokkamuuttuja postinumerot, joka viittaa sanakirjaan. Sanakirjassa jokainen avain on kaupungin nimi ja arvo postinumero. Molemmat ovat merkkijonoja.</p><p>Sanakirjasta tulee löytyä seuraavat postinumerot:</p><ul>\n<li>Helsinki 00100</li>\n<li>Turku 20100</li>\n<li>Tampere 33100</li>\n<li>Jyväskylä 40100</li>\n<li>Oulu 90100</li>\n</ul><p>Muuta toiminnallisuutta ei tarvitse toteuttaa.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"luokkametodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkametodit<a href=\"#luokkametodit\" aria-label=\"luokkametodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokkametodi eli staattinen metodi on luokassa oleva metodi, jota ei ole sidottu mihinkään luokasta muodostettuun olioon. Niinpä luokkametodia voi kutsua ilman, että luokasta muodostetaan oliota.</p><p>Luokkametodit ovat yleensä työkalumetodeja, jotka liittyvät jotenkin luokkaan mutta joita on tarkoituksenmukaista kutsua ilman olion muodostamista. Luokkametodit ovat yleensä julkisia, jolloin niitä voidaan kutsua sekä luokan ulkopuolelta että luokan ja siitä muodostettujen olioiden sisältä.</p><p>Luokkametodi merkitään annotaatiolla <code class=\"language-text\">@classmethod</code> ja sen ensimmäinen parametri on aina <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code>. Tunnistetta <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code> käytetään samaan tapaan kuin tunnistetta <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>, mutta erotuksena on, että <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code> viittaa luokkaan ja <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> viittaa olioon. Kummallekaan parametrille ei anneta kutsuessa arvoa, vaan Python tekee sen automaattisesti.</p><p>Esimerkiksi luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Rekisteriote</code> voisi olla staattinen metodi, jolla voidaan tarkistaa, onko annettu rekisteritunnus oikeamuotoinen. Metodi on staattinen, jotta tunnuksen voi tarkastaa myös ilman, että luodaan uutta oliota luokasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Rekisteriote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rekisteritunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkki\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosi\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan metodia rekisteritunnus.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rekisteritunnus\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rekisteritunnus\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rekisteritunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus_kelpaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rekisteritunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rekisteritunnus ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi tunnuksen validoimiseksi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus_kelpaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tarkastellaan alku- ja loppuosaa erikseen</span>\n        alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> loppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Alkuosassa saa olla vain kirjaimia</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lower<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Loppuosassa saa olla vain numeroita</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234567890\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto Autoilija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Volvo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1992\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abc-123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus_kelpaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"xyz-789\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on validi tunnus!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on validi tunnus!</p></sample-output><p>Rekisteriotteen oikeellisuuden voi tarkistaa kutsumalla metodia (esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Rekisteriote.rekisteritunnus_kelpaa(\"xyz-789\"))</code>) ilman, että muodostaa luokasta oliota. Samaa metodia kutsutaan myös uutta oliota muodostaessa luokan konstruktorista. Huomaa kuitenkin, että myös tässä kutsussa viitataan metodiin luokan nimen avulla eikä <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-tunnisteella!</p><programming-exercise name='Lista-apuri' tmcname='osa09-14_lista_apuri'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">ListaApuri</code>, jossa on seuraavat kaksi luokkametodia:</p><ul>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_frekvenssi(lista: list)</code> palauttaa alkion, jota esiintyy annetussa listassa eniten</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tuplia(lista: list)</code> palauttaa sellaisten alkioden lukumäärän, jotka esiintyvät listassa vähintään kahdesti</li>\n</ul><p>Metodeja tulee voida käyttää ilman, että luokasta luodaan oliota. Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ListaApuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurin_frekvenssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ListaApuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuplia<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output></progarmming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet","title":"Staattiset piirteet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen:</p><ul>\n<li>Ymmärrät käsitteet luokkamuuttuja ja luokkametodi</li>\n<li>Tiedät miten staattiset piirteet eroavat olioiden piirteistä</li>\n<li>Osaat lisätä staattisia piirteitä omiin luokkiin</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Olio-ohjelmoinnissa puhutaan <em>piirteistä</em>. Näillä tarkoitetaan olion ominaisuuksia: luokan sisälle kirjoitettuja metodeja ja luokassa määriteltyjä muuttujia.</p><p>Tähän mennessä olemme käsitelleen <em>olioiden piirteitä</em> eli oliometodeita ja attribuutteja. Olio-ohjelmointiin kuuluvat kuitenkin myös <em>luokan piirteet</em>, joita kutsutaan usein myös <em>staattisiksi piirteiksi</em>. Myös käsitettä <em>luokkamuuttuja</em> käytetään.</p><h2 id=\"luokkamuuttujat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkamuuttujat<a href=\"#luokkamuuttujat\" aria-label=\"luokkamuuttujat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Kuten on aiemmin opittu, jokaisella oliolla on omat itsenäiset arvonsa attribuuteille. Attribuuttien lisäksi luokassa voidaan määritellä <em>luokkamuuttujia</em> eli staattisia muuttujia. Luokkamuuttujalla tarkoitetaan muuttujaa, jota käytetään luokan kautta eikä luokasta muodostettujen olioiden kautta. Luokkamuuttujalla on yksi yhteinen arvo riippumatta siitä, montako oliota luokasta muodostetaan.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujan määrittely eroaa attribuutista siinä, että se määritellään ilman <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluketta. Jos luokkamuuttujaa halutaan käyttää koko luokassa ja mahdollisesti luokan ulkopuoleltakin, se tulee määritellä metodien ulkopuolella.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korkotili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korko\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Korko on yleiskorko + tilin korko</span>\n        korko_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> korko_yhteensa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo</code></pre></div><p>Koska yleiskorko on määritelty luokassa eikä metodin sisällä eikä sen alustuksessa ole käytetty <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-aluketta, se on luokkamuuttuja.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujaan viitataan luokan nimen avulla, esimerkiksi näin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Yleiskorko on olioista riippumaton</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko on\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\ntili <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.05</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Lisätään kokonaiskorko saldoon</span>\ntili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yleiskorko on 0.03\n1080.0</p></sample-output><p>Luokkamuuttujiin viitataan siis luokan nimen avulla, esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Korkotili.yleiskorko</code>, ja oliomuuttujiin eli attribuutteihin olion nimen avulla <code class=\"language-text\">tili.saldo</code>. Oliomuuttujiin voi luonnollisesti viitata vasta, kun luokasta on muodostettu olio.</p><p>Luokkamuuttujaa on kätevä käyttää, kun halutaan tallentaa arvoja, jotka on jaettu kaikkien olioiden kesken. Edellisessä esimerkissä oletetaan, että kaikilla pankkitileillä on sama yleiskorkoprosentti, jonka lisäksi tilille voidaan erikseen määrittää oma korkoprosenttinsa. Yleiskorkokin voi muuttua, mutta muutos vaikuttaa kaikkiin luokasta muodostettuihin olioihin:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Korkotili</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tilinumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> saldo<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> korko<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__tilinumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tilinumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> saldo\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> korko\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_korko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Korko on yleiskorko + tilin korko</span>\n        korko_yhteensa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">+=</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo <span class=\"token operator\">*</span> korko_yhteensa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">saldo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__saldo\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">kokonaiskorko</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__korko <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko</code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">tili1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">100</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.03</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntili2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">200</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.06</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Nostetaan yleiskorko 10 prosenttiin</span>\nKorkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0.10</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Yleiskorko:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> Korkotili<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yleiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tili2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>kokonaiskorko<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Yleiskorko: 0.03\n0.06\n0.09\nYleiskorko: 0.1\n0.13\n0.16</p></sample-output><p>Kun yleiskorko nousee, kaikkien luokasta määriteltyjen tilien kokonaiskorko nousee. Huomaa, että kokonaiskorko on määritelty havainnointimetodiksi, vaikkei vastaavaa attribuuttia olekaan suoraan määritelty. Metodi palauttaa tilin koron ja yleiskoron summan.</p><p>Tarkastellaan vielä toista esimerkkiä. Luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Puhelinnumero</code> on maatunnukset tallennettuna sanakirjaan. Lista maatunnuksista on yhteinen kaikille luokasta luoduille puhelinnumero-olioille, koska maatunnus saman maan puhelinnumeroille on aina sama.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    maatunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+358\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+46\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Yhdysvallat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> puhelinnumero\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Puhelinnumerosta jää etunolla pois, kun maatunnus lisätään alkuun</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">paulan_nro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Paula Pythonen\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"050 1234 567\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>paulan_nro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>+358 50 1234 567</p></sample-output><p>Kun puhelinnumero-olio luodaan, tallennetaan nimen ja numeron lisäksi maa. Kun numero haetaan havainnointimetodilla, haetaan numeron eteen maatunnus luokkamuuttujasta olion attribuuttiin tallennetun maatiedon avulla.</p><p>Esimerkkiluokka on toiminnallisuudeltaan melko vajavainen. Katsotaan vielä, miltä näyttäisi parempi toteutus, jossa on havainnointi- ja asetusmetodit eri attribuuteille:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    maatunnukset <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Suomi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+358\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+46\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Yhdysvallat\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"+1\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä kutsuu metodia puhelinnumero.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> puhelinnumero\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tämä kutsuu metodia maa.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Havainnointimetodissa yhdistetään maatunnus ja puhelinnumero</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Puhelinnumerosta jää etunolla pois, kun maatunnus lisätään alkuun</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token string\">\" \"</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">puhelinnumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Varmistetaan, että puhelinnumerossa on vain numeroita ja välilyöntejä</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234567890 \"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Puhelinnumero saa sisältää vain lukuja ja välilyöntejä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> numero\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Pelkkä puhelinnumero ilman maatunnusta</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">paikallinen_numero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__puhelinnumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">maa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> maa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Varmistetaan, että maa on maatunnusten listalla</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> maa <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>maatunnukset<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Annettua maata ei löydy listalta.\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__maa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> maa\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> __name__ <span class=\"token operator\">==</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"__main__\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    pnro <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Pertti Python\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"040 111 1111\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Ruotsi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>puhelinnumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pnro<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paikallinen_numero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>+46 40 111 1111 (Pertti Python)\n+46 40 111 1111\n040 111 1111</p></sample-output><programming-exercise name='Postinumerot' tmcname='osa09-13_postinumerot'><p>Tehtäväpohjassa on määritelty luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Kaupunki</code>, joka mallintaa yksittäistä kaupunkia.</p><p>Lisää luokkaan luokkamuuttuja postinumerot, joka viittaa sanakirjaan. Sanakirjassa jokainen avain on kaupungin nimi ja arvo postinumero. Molemmat ovat merkkijonoja.</p><p>Sanakirjasta tulee löytyä seuraavat postinumerot:</p><ul>\n<li>Helsinki 00100</li>\n<li>Turku 20100</li>\n<li>Tampere 33100</li>\n<li>Jyväskylä 40100</li>\n<li>Oulu 90100</li>\n</ul><p>Muuta toiminnallisuutta ei tarvitse toteuttaa.</p></programming-exercise><h2 id=\"luokkametodit\" style=\"position:relative;\">Luokkametodit<a href=\"#luokkametodit\" aria-label=\"luokkametodit permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Luokkametodi eli staattinen metodi on luokassa oleva metodi, jota ei ole sidottu mihinkään luokasta muodostettuun olioon. Niinpä luokkametodia voi kutsua ilman, että luokasta muodostetaan oliota.</p><p>Luokkametodit ovat yleensä työkalumetodeja, jotka liittyvät jotenkin luokkaan mutta joita on tarkoituksenmukaista kutsua ilman olion muodostamista. Luokkametodit ovat yleensä julkisia, jolloin niitä voidaan kutsua sekä luokan ulkopuolelta että luokan ja siitä muodostettujen olioiden sisältä.</p><p>Luokkametodi merkitään annotaatiolla <code class=\"language-text\">@classmethod</code> ja sen ensimmäinen parametri on aina <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code>. Tunnistetta <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code> käytetään samaan tapaan kuin tunnistetta <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>, mutta erotuksena on, että <code class=\"language-text\">cls</code> viittaa luokkaan ja <code class=\"language-text\">self</code> viittaa olioon. Kummallekaan parametrille ei anneta kutsuessa arvoa, vaan Python tekee sen automaattisesti.</p><p>Esimerkiksi luokassa <code class=\"language-text\">Rekisteriote</code> voisi olla staattinen metodi, jolla voidaan tarkistaa, onko annettu rekisteritunnus oikeamuotoinen. Metodi on staattinen, jotta tunnuksen voi tarkastaa myös ilman, että luodaan uutta oliota luokasta:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Rekisteriote</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> omistaja<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> vuosi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">int</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> rekisteritunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__omistaja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> omistaja\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__merkki <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> merkki\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__vuosi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> vuosi\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsutaan metodia rekisteritunnus.setter</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> rekisteritunnus\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rekisteritunnus\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@rekisteritunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus_kelpaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__rekisteritunnus <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Rekisteritunnus ei kelpaa\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi tunnuksen validoimiseksi</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">rekisteritunnus_kelpaa</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">or</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Tarkastellaan alku- ja loppuosaa erikseen</span>\n        alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> loppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tunnus<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>split<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"-\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Alkuosassa saa olla vain kirjaimia</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lower<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzåäö\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Loppuosassa saa olla vain numeroita</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> merkki <span class=\"token keyword\">not</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1234567890\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">False</span>\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">ote <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Arto Autoilija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"Volvo\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"1992\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"abc-123\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> Rekisteriote<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>rekisteritunnus_kelpaa<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"xyz-789\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tämä on validi tunnus!\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Tämä on validi tunnus!</p></sample-output><p>Rekisteriotteen oikeellisuuden voi tarkistaa kutsumalla metodia (esimerkiksi <code class=\"language-text\">Rekisteriote.rekisteritunnus_kelpaa(\"xyz-789\"))</code>) ilman, että muodostaa luokasta oliota. Samaa metodia kutsutaan myös uutta oliota muodostaessa luokan konstruktorista. Huomaa kuitenkin, että myös tässä kutsussa viitataan metodiin luokan nimen avulla eikä <code class=\"language-text\">self</code>-tunnisteella!</p><programming-exercise name='Lista-apuri' tmcname='osa09-14_lista_apuri'><p>Kirjoita luokka <code class=\"language-text\">ListaApuri</code>, jossa on seuraavat kaksi luokkametodia:</p><ul>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">suurin_frekvenssi(lista: list)</code> palauttaa alkion, jota esiintyy annetussa listassa eniten</li>\n<li>Metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tuplia(lista: list)</code> palauttaa sellaisten alkioden lukumäärän, jotka esiintyvät listassa vähintään kahdesti</li>\n</ul><p>Metodeja tulee voida käyttää ilman, että luokasta luodaan oliota. Esimerkki luokan käytöstä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">luvut <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">6</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ListaApuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>suurin_frekvenssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>ListaApuri<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tuplia<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>luvut<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>5\n3</p></sample-output></progarmming-exercise></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet","title":"Staattiset piirteet"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/5-staattiset-piirteet.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea 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Tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tiiliskivi\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nadan_laukku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nadan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kirja"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nadan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"puhelin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\npekan_laukku 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Matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npekan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tiiliskivi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nlastiruuma "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Lastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"adan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"pekan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_tavarat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e966cdfa-7abe-55d5-905a-f0a7448ddd11"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet lisää esimerkkejä luokista ja olioista</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää parametrien oletusarvoja metodeissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi esimerkkiä, joka muodostuu kahdesta luokasta. Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Piste</code> mallintaa yhtä pistettä kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa ja luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Jana</code> kahden pisteen välistä janaa. Luokkien toiminta on kommentoitu koodiin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Piste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa pistettä kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutit ovat julkisia, koska mitkä tahansa arvot käyvät x:n ja y:n arvoiksi</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> y\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi palauttaa uuden pisteen paikassa (0, 0)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että luokan sisältä voi palauttaa olion luokasta</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">origo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi muodostaa uuden pisteen annetun pisteen perusteella</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Uusi piste on peilikuva annetusta pisteestä jommankumman tai molempien akselien suhteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkiksi pisteen (1, 3) peilikuva x-akselin suhteen on (1, -3)</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peilikuva</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> peilaa_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> peilaa_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x\n        y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> peilaa_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>y\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> peilaa_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>x\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Jana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa janaa kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutit ovat julkisia, koska mitkä tahansa pisteet kelpaavat</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> loppu\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi laskee janan pituuden Pythagoraan lauseella</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pituus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa janan keskipisteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">keskipiste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        keskix <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        keskiy <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>keskix<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keskiy<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ... </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\norigo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>origo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>origo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npiste2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peilikuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\njana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>keskipiste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(1, 3)\n(0, 0)\n(-1, -3)\n6.324555320336759\n(0.0, 0.0)\n(1, 3) ... (-1, -3)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"parametrien-oletusarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrien oletusarvot<a href=\"#parametrien-oletusarvot\" aria-label=\"parametrien oletusarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa mille tahansa parametrille voidaan asettaa oletusarvo. Oletusarvoja voidaan käyttää sekä funktioiden että metodien parametreissa.</p><p>Jos parametrille on annettu oletusarvo, sille ei ole pakko antaa arvoa kutsuttaessa. Jos arvo annetaan, se syrjäyttää oletusarvon, ja jos arvoa ei anneta, käytetään oletusarvoa.</p><p>Oletusarvot ovat usein hyödyllisiä konstruktoreissa: jos on oletettavaa, ettei tiettyä tietoa ole aina olemassa oliota luodessa, on parempi antaa sille vakioarvo konstruktorissa kuin antaa tämä asiakkaan huoleksi. Tämä on asiakkaalle helpompaa ja myös ylläpitää olion sisäistä eheyttä, kun voidaan esimerkiksi olla varmoja, että \"tyhjä\" arvo on aina samanlainen (muuten se voisi olla esimerkiksi merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">\"\"</code>, arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> tai merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">\"ei asetettu\"</code>).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa, joka mallintaa opiskelijaa. Pakollisia kenttiä luodessa ovat opiskelijanumero ja nimi ja näistä opiskelijanumeroa ei pysty myöhemmin muuttamaan. Opintopisteet ja muistiinpanot voi halutessaan antaa oliota luodessa, mutta niille on myös asetettu oletusarvot. Luokan toiminta on kommentoitu suoraan ohjelmakoodin yhteyteen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># kutsuu asetusmetodia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijanumerossa tulee olla vähintään 5 merkkiä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsuu asetusmetodia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opiskelijanumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opintopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opintopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> op<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> op <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> op\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet ei voi olla negatiivinen luku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteenveto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Opiskelija </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">):\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"- opintopisteitä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"- muistiinpanot: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan pelkkä nimi ja op.nro</span>\nopiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan nimi, op.nro ja opintopisteet</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan kaikki tiedot</span>\nopiskelija3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olavi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"99999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">140</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lisäaika tentissä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Ei anneta opintopisteitä, mutta annetaan muistiinpanot</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että parametri pitää nyt nimetä, kun järjestys eroaa tavallisesta</span>\nopiskelija4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onerva Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"98765\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"poissaoleva lukuvuonna 20-21\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opiskelija Olli Opiskelija (12345):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 0</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot:</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Outi Opiskelija (54321):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 25</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot:</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Olavi Opiskelija (99999):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 140</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot: lisäaika tentissä</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Onerva Opiskelija (98765):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 0</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot: poissaoleva lukuvuonna 20-21</li>\n</ul></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että attribuutille opiskelijanumero ei ole määritelty asetusmetodia, koska ideana on, että opiskelijanumero ei voi muuttua.</p><p>Parametrien oletusarvojen käyttöön liittyy kuitenkin eräs huomattavan iso \"mutta\" joka ilmenee seuraavasti esimerkistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tehdyt_kurssit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Ohpe', 'Tira']\n['Ohpe', 'Tira']</p></sample-output><p>Huomataan siis, että kurssisuorituksen lisääminen Ollille muuttaa myös Outin kurssisuorituksia. Ilmiö johtuu siitä, että Python uudelleenkäyttää oletusarvoa. Yllä oleva tapa luoda opiskelijat vastaa siis seuraavaa koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä johtuen parametrin oletusarvona ei koskaan tulisi käyttää monimutkaisempia tietorakenteita kuten listoja. Korjattu versio luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> konstruktorista on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tehdyt_kurssit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Ohpe', 'Tira']\n[]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"loppuhuipennus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppuhuipennus<a href=\"#loppuhuipennus\" aria-label=\"loppuhuipennus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Vaikka seuraava tehtävä on tässä luvussa, et tarvitse tehtävän ratkaisemiseen mitään muuta kun luvussa <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina\">Oliot attribuuttina</a> esiteltyjä tekniikoita. Tehtävä on käytännössä hyvin samanlainen kuin tuon luvun  tehtävät <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-lahjapakkaus\">lahjapakkaus</a> ja <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-huoneen-lyhin\">huoneen lyhin</a>.</p><programming-exercise name='Tavara, Matkalaukku ja Lastiruuma' tmcname='osa09-15_tavara_matkalaukku_lastiruuma'><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa tehdään luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Tavara</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">Matkalaukku</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Lastiruuma</code>, joiden avulla harjoitellaan lisää olioita, jotka sisältävät toisia olioita.</p><h2 id=\"tavara-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tavara-luokka<a href=\"#tavara-luokka\" aria-label=\"tavara luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tavara</code>, josta muodostetut oliot vastaavat erilaisia tavaroita. Tallennettavat tiedot ovat tavaran nimi ja paino (kg).</p><p>Luokan tulee toimia seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjan nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjan paino:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirja:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Puhelin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Kirjan nimi: Aapiskukko\nKirjan paino: 2\nKirja: Aapiskukko (2 kg)\nPuhelin: Nokia 3210 (1 kg)</p></sample-output><p>Tavaralla on siis metodit <code class=\"language-text\">paino</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> jotka palauttavat tavaran tiedot.</p><p>Luokan tulee tallentaa tieto nimestä ja painosta kapseloituna, eli seuraava ei saa onnistua:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"matkalaukku-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Matkalaukku-luokka<a href=\"#matkalaukku-luokka\" aria-label=\"matkalaukku luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Matkalaukku</code>. Matkalaukkuun liittyy tavaroita ja maksimipaino, joka määrittelee tavaroiden suurimman mahdollisen yhteispainon.</p><p>Lisää luokkaan seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, jolle annetaan maksimipaino</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tavara</code>, joka lisää parametrina annettavan tavaran matkalaukkuun. Metodi ei palauta mitään arvoa.</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa merkkijonon muotoa \"x tavaraa (y kg)\"</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan tulee valvoa, että sen sisältämien tavaroiden yhteispaino ei ylitä maksimipainoa. Jos maksimipaino ylittyisi lisättävän tavaran vuoksi, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tavara</code> ei saa lisätä uutta tavaraa laukkuun.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>0 tavaraa (0 kg)\n1 tavaraa (2 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kielenhuoltoa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kielenhuoltoa<a href=\"#kielenhuoltoa\" aria-label=\"kielenhuoltoa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ilmoitus \"1 tavaraa\" ei ole kovin hyvää suomea, vaan olisi parempi sanoa \"1 tavara\". Tee tämä muutos luokassa sijaitsevaan <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodiin.</p><p>Nyt edellisen ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>0 tavaraa (0 kg)\n1 tavara (2 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kaikki-tavarat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kaikki tavarat<a href=\"#kaikki-tavarat\" aria-label=\"kaikki tavarat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokkaan seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tavarat</code>, joka tulostaa kaikki matkalaukussa olevat tavarat</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">paino</code>, joka palauttaa matkalaukun yhteispainoa kuvaavan kokonaisluvun, joka on sen sisältävien tavaroiden painojen summa</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matkalaukussa on seuraavat tavarat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tavarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaino_yht <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Yhteispaino: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>paino_yht<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Matkalaukussa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)\nYhteispaino: 7 kg</p></sample-output><p>Muokkaa myös luokkaasi siten, että käytät vain kahta oliomuuttujaa. Toinen sisältää maksimipainon, toinen on lista laukussa olevista tavaroista.</p><h2 id=\"raskain-tavara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Raskain tavara<a href=\"#raskain-tavara\" aria-label=\"raskain tavara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää vielä luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">raskain_tavara</code>, joka palauttaa painoltaan suurimman tavaran. Jos yhtä raskaita tavaroita on useita, metodi voi palauttaa minkä tahansa niistä. Metodin tulee palauttaa olioviite. Jos laukku on tyhjä, palauta arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nraskain <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>raskain_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Raskain tavara: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>raskain<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Raskain tavara: Tiiliskivi (4 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lastiruuma-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lastiruuma-luokka<a href=\"#lastiruuma-luokka\" aria-label=\"lastiruuma luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lastiruuma</code>, johon liittyvät seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, jolle annetaan maksimipaino</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_matkalaukku</code>, joka lisää parametrina annetun matkalaukun lastiruumaan</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa merkkijonon muotoa \"x matkalaukkua, tilaa y kg\"</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan tulee valvoa, että sen matkalaukkujen yhteispaino ei ylitä maksimipainoa. Jos maksimipaino ylittyisi uuden matkalaukun vuoksi, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_matkalaukku</code> ei saa lisätä uutta matkalaukkua.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lastiruuma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nadan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npekan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>adan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0 matkalaukkua, tilaa 1000 kg\n1 matkalaukku, tilaa 997 kg\n2 matkalaukkua, tilaa 993 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lastiruuman-sisalto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lastiruuman sisältö<a href=\"#lastiruuman-sisalto\" aria-label=\"lastiruuman sisalto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tavarat</code>, joka tulostaa kaikki lastiruuman matkalaukuissa olevat tavarat.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nadan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npekan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>adan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tavarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz id=\"e966cdfa-7abe-55d5-905a-f0a7448ddd11\"></quiz></div></div>","frontmatter":{"path":"/osa-9/6-lisaa-esimerkkeja","title":"Lisää esimerkkejä"},"fileAbsolutePath":"/home/runner/work/ohjelmointi-23/ohjelmointi-23/data/osa-9/6-lisaa-esimerkkeja.md"},"allPages":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"3fa41162-c2ef-558a-b7e7-9f8165abf53b","frontmatter":{"path":"/arvostelu-ja-kokeet","title":"Arvostelu ja kokeet"}}},{"node":{"id":"781443ac-62cd-5efc-891a-09d1ba6b20f0","frontmatter":{"path":"/frontmatter-guide","title":"Frontmatter-guide"}}},{"node":{"id":"d45502ca-e338-5afa-9839-8ab617ad6ddf","frontmatter":{"path":"/","title":"Tietoa kurssista"}}},{"node":{"id":"7eca7bbe-fb6b-59e5-a674-c0eaf5c89761","frontmatter":{"path":"/kaikki-tehtavat","title":"Kaikki tehtävät"}}},{"node":{"id":"1efc8cfc-157a-5088-914b-c9901a0d1f5f","frontmatter":{"path":"/tuki","title":"Tukea tehtäviin"}}},{"node":{"id":"d7412ce2-d77b-51de-bcba-4313eddec4f5","frontmatter":{"path":"/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset","title":"Usein kysytyt 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Tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Tiiliskivi\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":","}]},{"type":"text","value":" "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"4"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nadan_laukku "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nadan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"kirja"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nadan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"puhelin"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\npekan_laukku 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Matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"10"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\npekan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_tavara"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"tiiliskivi"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\nlastiruuma "},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","operator"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"="}]},{"type":"text","value":" Lastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","number"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1000"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"adan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"lisaa_matkalaukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"text","value":"pekan_laukku"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\n\n"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","keyword"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"print"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","string"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"\"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\""}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]},{"type":"text","value":"\nlastiruuma"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"."}]},{"type":"text","value":"tulosta_tavarat"},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"("}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"span","properties":{"className":["token","punctuation"]},"children":[{"type":"text","value":")"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"sample-output","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)"}]}]}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"p","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:"}]},{"type":"element","tagName":"div","properties":{},"children":[{"type":"element","tagName":"quiz","properties":{"id":"e966cdfa-7abe-55d5-905a-f0a7448ddd11"},"children":[]}]}]},"html":"<div><text-box variant='learningObjectives' name='Oppimistavoitteet'><p>Tämän osion jälkeen</p><ul>\n<li>Tunnet lisää esimerkkejä luokista ja olioista</li>\n<li>Osaat käyttää parametrien oletusarvoja metodeissa</li>\n</ul></text-box><p>Tarkastellaan seuraavaksi esimerkkiä, joka muodostuu kahdesta luokasta. Luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Piste</code> mallintaa yhtä pistettä kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa ja luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Jana</code> kahden pisteen välistä janaa. Luokkien toiminta on kommentoitu koodiin.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">import</span> math\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Piste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa pistettä kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">float</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutit ovat julkisia, koska mitkä tahansa arvot käyvät x:n ja y:n arvoiksi</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> x\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> y\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi palauttaa uuden pisteen paikassa (0, 0)</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että luokan sisältä voi palauttaa olion luokasta</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">origo</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Luokkametodi muodostaa uuden pisteen annetun pisteen perusteella</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Uusi piste on peilikuva annetusta pisteestä jommankumman tai molempien akselien suhteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Esimerkiksi pisteen (1, 3) peilikuva x-akselin suhteen on (1, -3)</span>\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@classmethod</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">peilikuva</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>cls<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> peilaa_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> peilaa_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">bool</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x\n        y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> peilaa_x<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            y <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>y\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> peilaa_y<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            x <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token operator\">-</span>x\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"(</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">, </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">)\"</span></span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Jana</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Luokka mallintaa janaa kaksiulotteisessa koordinaatistossa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Attribuutit ovat julkisia, koska mitkä tahansa pisteet kelpaavat</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> alku\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> loppu\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi laskee janan pituuden Pythagoraan lauseella</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">pituus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        summa <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span> <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">-</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">**</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> math<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>sqrt<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>summa<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># Metodi palauttaa janan keskipisteen</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">keskipiste</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        keskix <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>x<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        keskiy <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y <span class=\"token operator\">+</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>y<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">/</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>keskix<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> keskiy<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__str__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>alku<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> ... </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>loppu<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">piste <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span><span class=\"token number\">3</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\norigo <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>origo<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>origo<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npiste2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>peilikuva<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\njana <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>piste<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> piste2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>pituus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>keskipiste<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>jana<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>(1, 3)\n(0, 0)\n(-1, -3)\n6.324555320336759\n(0.0, 0.0)\n(1, 3) ... (-1, -3)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"parametrien-oletusarvot\" style=\"position:relative;\">Parametrien oletusarvot<a href=\"#parametrien-oletusarvot\" aria-label=\"parametrien oletusarvot permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Pythonissa mille tahansa parametrille voidaan asettaa oletusarvo. Oletusarvoja voidaan käyttää sekä funktioiden että metodien parametreissa.</p><p>Jos parametrille on annettu oletusarvo, sille ei ole pakko antaa arvoa kutsuttaessa. Jos arvo annetaan, se syrjäyttää oletusarvon, ja jos arvoa ei anneta, käytetään oletusarvoa.</p><p>Oletusarvot ovat usein hyödyllisiä konstruktoreissa: jos on oletettavaa, ettei tiettyä tietoa ole aina olemassa oliota luodessa, on parempi antaa sille vakioarvo konstruktorissa kuin antaa tämä asiakkaan huoleksi. Tämä on asiakkaalle helpompaa ja myös ylläpitää olion sisäistä eheyttä, kun voidaan esimerkiksi olla varmoja, että \"tyhjä\" arvo on aina samanlainen (muuten se voisi olla esimerkiksi merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">\"\"</code>, arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code> tai merkkijono <code class=\"language-text\">\"ei asetettu\"</code>).</p><p>Tarkastellaan esimerkkinä luokkaa, joka mallintaa opiskelijaa. Pakollisia kenttiä luodessa ovat opiskelijanumero ja nimi ja näistä opiskelijanumeroa ei pysty myöhemmin muuttamaan. Opintopisteet ja muistiinpanot voi halutessaan antaa oliota luodessa, mutta niille on myös asetettu oletusarvot. Luokan toiminta on kommentoitu suoraan ohjelmakoodin yhteyteen.</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token triple-quoted-string string\">\"\"\" Mallintaa yhtä opiskelijaa \"\"\"</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">str</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">int</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span><span class=\"token builtin\">str</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># kutsuu asetusmetodia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> <span class=\"token builtin\">len</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;</span> <span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opiskelijanumerossa tulee olla vähintään 5 merkkiä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opiskelijanumero <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opiskelijanumero\n\n        <span class=\"token comment\"># Kutsuu asetusmetodia</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> opintopisteet\n\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">nimi</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> nimi <span class=\"token operator\">!=</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nimi ei voi olla tyhjä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opiskelijanumero</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opiskelijanumero\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opintopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">opintopisteet</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> op<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> op <span class=\"token operator\">>=</span> <span class=\"token number\">0</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> op\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">raise</span> ValueError<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Opintopisteet ei voi olla negatiivinen luku\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@property</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token decorator annotation punctuation\">@muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>setter</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">muistiinpanot</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__muistiinpanot <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> muistiinpanot\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">yhteenveto</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Opiskelija </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> (</span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>opiskelijanumero<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">):\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"- opintopisteitä </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>__opintopisteet<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"- muistiinpanot: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>muistiinpanot<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan pelkkä nimi ja op.nro</span>\nopiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"12345\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan nimi, op.nro ja opintopisteet</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"54321\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">25</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Annetaan kaikki tiedot</span>\nopiskelija3 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olavi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"99999\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">140</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"lisäaika tentissä\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija3<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Ei anneta opintopisteitä, mutta annetaan muistiinpanot</span>\n<span class=\"token comment\"># Huomaa, että parametri pitää nyt nimetä, kun järjestys eroaa tavallisesta</span>\nopiskelija4 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Onerva Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token string\">\"98765\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> muistiinpanot<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token string\">\"poissaoleva lukuvuonna 20-21\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija4<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>yhteenveto<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>Opiskelija Olli Opiskelija (12345):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 0</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot:</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Outi Opiskelija (54321):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 25</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot:</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Olavi Opiskelija (99999):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 140</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot: lisäaika tentissä</li>\n</ul><p>Opiskelija Onerva Opiskelija (98765):</p><ul>\n<li>opintopisteitä 0</li>\n<li>muistiinpanot: poissaoleva lukuvuonna 20-21</li>\n</ul></sample-output><p>Huomaa, että attribuutille opiskelijanumero ei ole määritelty asetusmetodia, koska ideana on, että opiskelijanumero ei voi muuttua.</p><p>Parametrien oletusarvojen käyttöön liittyy kuitenkin eräs huomattavan iso \"mutta\" joka ilmenee seuraavasti esimerkistä:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tehdyt_kurssit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Ohpe', 'Tira']\n['Ohpe', 'Tira']</p></sample-output><p>Huomataan siis, että kurssisuorituksen lisääminen Ollille muuttaa myös Outin kurssisuorituksia. Ilmiö johtuu siitä, että Python uudelleenkäyttää oletusarvoa. Yllä oleva tapa luoda opiskelijat vastaa siis seuraavaa koodia:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\nopiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Tästä johtuen parametrin oletusarvona ei koskaan tulisi käyttää monimutkaisempia tietorakenteita kuten listoja. Korjattu versio luokan <code class=\"language-text\">Opiskelija</code> konstruktorista on seuraava:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Opiskelija</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token operator\">=</span><span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> nimi\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if</span> tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token keyword\">is</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">None</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]</span>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n            self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> tehdyt_kurssit\n\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def</span> <span class=\"token function\">lisaa_suoritus</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:</span>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>append<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kurssi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">opiskelija1 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Olli Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija2 <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Opiskelija<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Outi Opiskelija\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ohpe\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nopiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_suoritus<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tira\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija1<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>opiskelija2<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tehdyt_kurssit<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>['Ohpe', 'Tira']\n[]</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"loppuhuipennus\" style=\"position:relative;\">Loppuhuipennus<a href=\"#loppuhuipennus\" aria-label=\"loppuhuipennus permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Vaikka seuraava tehtävä on tässä luvussa, et tarvitse tehtävän ratkaisemiseen mitään muuta kun luvussa <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina\">Oliot attribuuttina</a> esiteltyjä tekniikoita. Tehtävä on käytännössä hyvin samanlainen kuin tuon luvun  tehtävät <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-lahjapakkaus\">lahjapakkaus</a> ja <a href=\"/osa-9/2-oliot-attribuuttina#programming-exercise-huoneen-lyhin\">huoneen lyhin</a>.</p><programming-exercise name='Tavara, Matkalaukku ja Lastiruuma' tmcname='osa09-15_tavara_matkalaukku_lastiruuma'><p>Tässä tehtäväsarjassa tehdään luokat <code class=\"language-text\">Tavara</code>, <code class=\"language-text\">Matkalaukku</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">Lastiruuma</code>, joiden avulla harjoitellaan lisää olioita, jotka sisältävät toisia olioita.</p><h2 id=\"tavara-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Tavara-luokka<a href=\"#tavara-luokka\" aria-label=\"tavara luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Tavara</code>, josta muodostetut oliot vastaavat erilaisia tavaroita. Tallennettavat tiedot ovat tavaran nimi ja paino (kg).</p><p>Luokan tulee toimia seuraavasti</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjan nimi:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>nimi<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirjan paino:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Kirja:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Puhelin:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Kirjan nimi: Aapiskukko\nKirjan paino: 2\nKirja: Aapiskukko (2 kg)\nPuhelin: Nokia 3210 (1 kg)</p></sample-output><p>Tavaralla on siis metodit <code class=\"language-text\">paino</code> ja <code class=\"language-text\">nimi</code> jotka palauttavat tavaran tiedot.</p><p>Luokan tulee tallentaa tieto nimestä ja painosta kapseloituna, eli seuraava ei saa onnistua:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nkirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token number\">10</span></code></pre></div><h2 id=\"matkalaukku-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Matkalaukku-luokka<a href=\"#matkalaukku-luokka\" aria-label=\"matkalaukku luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Matkalaukku</code>. Matkalaukkuun liittyy tavaroita ja maksimipaino, joka määrittelee tavaroiden suurimman mahdollisen yhteispainon.</p><p>Lisää luokkaan seuraavat:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, jolle annetaan maksimipaino</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tavara</code>, joka lisää parametrina annettavan tavaran matkalaukkuun. Metodi ei palauta mitään arvoa.</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa merkkijonon muotoa \"x tavaraa (y kg)\"</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan tulee valvoa, että sen sisältämien tavaroiden yhteispaino ei ylitä maksimipainoa. Jos maksimipaino ylittyisi lisättävän tavaran vuoksi, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_tavara</code> ei saa lisätä uutta tavaraa laukkuun.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">5</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>0 tavaraa (0 kg)\n1 tavaraa (2 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kielenhuoltoa\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kielenhuoltoa<a href=\"#kielenhuoltoa\" aria-label=\"kielenhuoltoa permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Ilmoitus \"1 tavaraa\" ei ole kovin hyvää suomea, vaan olisi parempi sanoa \"1 tavara\". Tee tämä muutos luokassa sijaitsevaan <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>-metodiin.</p><p>Nyt edellisen ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>0 tavaraa (0 kg)\n1 tavara (2 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)\n2 tavaraa (3 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"kaikki-tavarat\" style=\"position:relative;\">Kaikki tavarat<a href=\"#kaikki-tavarat\" aria-label=\"kaikki tavarat permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokkaan seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tavarat</code>, joka tulostaa kaikki matkalaukussa olevat tavarat</li>\n<li><code class=\"language-text\">paino</code>, joka palauttaa matkalaukun yhteispainoa kuvaavan kokonaisluvun, joka on sen sisältävien tavaroiden painojen summa</li>\n</ul><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Matkalaukussa on seuraavat tavarat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tavarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npaino_yht <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>paino<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Yhteispaino: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>paino_yht<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\"> kg\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Matkalaukussa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)\nYhteispaino: 7 kg</p></sample-output><p>Muokkaa myös luokkaasi siten, että käytät vain kahta oliomuuttujaa. Toinen sisältää maksimipainon, toinen on lista laukussa olevista tavaroista.</p><h2 id=\"raskain-tavara\" style=\"position:relative;\">Raskain tavara<a href=\"#raskain-tavara\" aria-label=\"raskain tavara permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää vielä luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">raskain_tavara</code>, joka palauttaa painoltaan suurimman tavaran. Jos yhtä raskaita tavaroita on useita, metodi voi palauttaa minkä tahansa niistä. Metodin tulee palauttaa olioviite. Jos laukku on tyhjä, palauta arvo <code class=\"language-text\">None</code>.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nmatkalaukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nmatkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nraskain <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>raskain_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string-interpolation\"><span class=\"token string\">f\"Raskain tavara: </span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>raskain<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token string\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Raskain tavara: Tiiliskivi (4 kg)</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lastiruuma-luokka\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lastiruuma-luokka<a href=\"#lastiruuma-luokka\" aria-label=\"lastiruuma luokka permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Tee luokka <code class=\"language-text\">Lastiruuma</code>, johon liittyvät seuraavat metodit:</p><ul>\n<li>konstruktori, jolle annetaan maksimipaino</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_matkalaukku</code>, joka lisää parametrina annetun matkalaukun lastiruumaan</li>\n<li>metodi <code class=\"language-text\">__str__</code>, joka palauttaa merkkijonon muotoa \"x matkalaukkua, tilaa y kg\"</li>\n</ul><p>Luokan tulee valvoa, että sen matkalaukkujen yhteispaino ei ylitä maksimipainoa. Jos maksimipaino ylittyisi uuden matkalaukun vuoksi, metodi <code class=\"language-text\">lisaa_matkalaukku</code> ei saa lisätä uutta matkalaukkua.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">lastiruuma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nkirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nadan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npekan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>adan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><sample-output><p>0 matkalaukkua, tilaa 1000 kg\n1 matkalaukku, tilaa 997 kg\n2 matkalaukkua, tilaa 993 kg</p></sample-output><h2 id=\"lastiruuman-sisalto\" style=\"position:relative;\">Lastiruuman sisältö<a href=\"#lastiruuman-sisalto\" aria-label=\"lastiruuman sisalto permalink\" class=\"anchor after\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a></h2><p>Lisää luokkaan metodi <code class=\"language-text\">tulosta_tavarat</code>, joka tulostaa kaikki lastiruuman matkalaukuissa olevat tavarat.</p><p>Seuraavassa on luokan käyttöesimerkki:</p><div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"python\"><pre class=\"language-python\"><code class=\"language-python\">kirja <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Aapiskukko\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">2</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npuhelin <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Nokia 3210\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">1</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\ntiiliskivi <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Tiiliskivi\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token number\">4</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nadan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>kirja<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nadan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>puhelin<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\npekan_laukku <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">10</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\npekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_tavara<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>tiiliskivi<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\nlastiruuma <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> Lastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token number\">1000</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>adan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>lisaa_matkalaukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>pekan_laukku<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n\n<span class=\"token keyword\">print</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">\"Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\"</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\nlastiruuma<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>tulosta_tavarat<span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span></code></pre></div><p>Ohjelman tulostuksen tulisi olla seuraava:</p><sample-output><p>Ruuman matkalaukuissa on seuraavat tavarat:\nAapiskukko (2 kg)\nNokia 3210 (1 kg)\nTiiliskivi (4 kg)</p></sample-output></programming-exercise><p>Vastaa lopuksi osion loppukyselyyn:</p><div><quiz 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px 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class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><h1 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h3">Näin ilmoitat virheen materiaalissa</h1><br/><p>Voit ilmoittaa huomaamasi virheen kurssin Github-projekin virheilmoitustaululle. Github on yleinen palvelu, jossa voi hallinnoida ja jakaa muille projekteja, ohjelmistoja ja lähdekoodia.</p><p>Virheiden ilmoittaminen vaatii käyttäjätunnukset Githubiin. 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Esimerkkitulosteen ylläoleva koodi sisältää rivin System.out.println(&quot;Syötä liukuluku&quot;);, mutta esimerkkitulosteessa lukee &quot;Juota liukuluku&quot;&quot;.</li><li>Paina lopuksi vihreää nappia &quot;Submit new issue&quot;.</li></ol><p>Saatamme kysyä ilmoituksestasi tarkentavia kysymyksiä, jos emme osaa korjata ongelmaa ilman apuasi. 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px 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class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQEAAAECCAMAAADJppJhAAAAulBMVEVHcEwAAAD6+vr7+/sLCwsAAAAAAAAEBAQAAAAFBQX19fX////9/f3////t7e37+/v////+/v78/Pz+/v7e3t7x8fHIyMiQkJDc3Nz4+Pji4uL/////qw7/rRP//vr/+/T/rxf/sR//9+b/+e7/tCf/w1L/ty//zW7///7/wEn/5LL/4an/0n3/ujn/7cv/6sL/8NL/2I7/57r/xlv/vUD/9N//yWL/1YX/3qD/2pT/3Jr/z3X/8tj/y2nGlZScAAAAG3RSTlMABHudCwMJAQUCbfbI/ESs7eG41jNZHBkliwrYKOoTAAAdXklEQVR42txca3eiSBDdNbM7OybRPDSZREHeyFsQBUX//9/amCjS3dUPQE0y9WWOOQlQl6pbt6ra+euvS9pPIfvrT7SfDexP9f0Xx/4sHBie/0MYA4lv7z3D77/fjIHFt0WBdB5xmW0EEN8OBdx7zPX/OIYBgaPw3dyvOv9fLavC8H1AALxn+f5vxVg4ACh8E/ch7/8VMBoKXxsE0H2a6z+oRgMCBOGr+k96L+A5FQkShS+IAdN90ven3rD7cvVw83h3d319fTsa3b79c3d3f/PQf+kOe08kDl8chIr/++DHvC/9GQw7/ce7N5fZdnv32O8MBxgMVRAO6fAlMED9J9zfO/Hc6/Tvua5jQNw/dHrPVRQwEL4EBkT4A94Puv37UWO773cHAApEMny2/zT337y/G7W264cDCjAIn4UBw/+Px+1dncD7g91d9Y4gfAkMYP9L95+HD9ejE9vtzfAZA+ETMSgBePcfe/3Pw8fb0XnssftMBMIHBpeFAPK/fP29m3O5f4gEIhAujQHL/9+nD36IGX9/KgYVAjjk/8H/7v3oQnbfRTB454OSDi4WABX/37O/fz26oF33D4yAYHD2MCATYO//08Pt6NJ2M0AxqKTCRQKgGv+Dm9Gn2GMXzYVzhwEtAAaPo0+z++7lwgAMgB39f6L/IAbnCgOK/8/N4l/fhIm3jn3ft3fm+9kqd6NQkxvlwoCCwbkB2NFQv+bDalGebR1LGdPMCMxinWxqIvHwQYnnhKDCAJUAeKnB/3KY2446FjQpWMaJVkMpXlXD4MgG5w2AgbD+WXhFKo3rm7VchaLRcNc9YxjgAHwEwINg3HtbY9zCFHM1m4rJg2MYnBiCPQBoAHREBKAc+cH4BKZu3YlIKrzgYXAaCMAAEKgAcmKr45OZYua6QFV4hsLg1AAIBcA0PKX7e3Y0PW4k3HbKMDgRBBUKOGYANwA2mTU+iynLiMsGz8dMOAEZlABUMmDImf7JnjM+o1krTjZcd6uZ0BICjAPfA+CKQ/2ZMT6zSdsZXx9VM6E5BBAA7AzYbKXxJcxMmAXyrncaCAAAekwKnM3HF7PAZWLQOQUEKADvFPDCumlkji9qbAyuDmTQHIIjACUHslTgZj6+uAUuWyEe+LAZBDgAP348MdoAbVuHyVTDstI0tSyrrWZwZkJk0AQCEgAGBUx8RaTbmxexF800VNXo2izxYttpWkG2mggZ1IeABKBDv5HLe3prGbvcjl/eeL7ZAAclpl/5pTkEBAB0DlyYbDkfR7p4mz/SXN+pW1CDkM2HCARNAaDKIDmTWN6HTaZek9odpU0Fud8MAnEAZkHLhpYaC2uzTigYCUMf1ocA0wH0YaAcU55StSN51NZ0rw4I9oRVFetBgACw+wENgE0Kk/7cbe/+PhJWqXjHROsab/Z+/S0KQaUb/PgBDQAPLIFWrI9OaeFWEZUZGQX4m9eDb2LzghKA/WcKB0zsBh1Ls2xYidZIR2NHwZt9QCCWA2wAFgAFSvbmPFsh2ROsDUYkAAEnCHAAKDrAJUNTKbTR+SwRIwQpp1QEYQgEAYiB939O/2tgUMBkcCUKwYEE9h9hKSyTbdBywZucaqG7zort3DSd1DHN+bbIVm60qFE1pp4QHzgwE79gELBDgA2ATowB05CVxDPPn1u0yi5ZZpGHgtppEovUhQB+G50KBNQgOOTA/mMPrtE4K6n5lL4vKlKRh5YC2xNiUW0pwoezphDsASg/g+cCFpagJp+4dr2RubH1BKREInBRFS4JPS4VfJBA+RGsgxtDSInVlPVlLDirBTcVfP6VFbBNeORRwUcIlB9BEpipAmpcz9ssDNI1LxJCfhhILrsggEGAATAUAADqyKbRXBm3M2nOUZawHhWAoFORxyQEKACv93wATB1QsCfZFXO7C1dtBkEPhYAMgeNHqB1aIBwgxcSL0nxlfCrjSMwFF2kJ4oLHV3oeoABAJKAZbL5d2FSKUgNzp4Dy3MvzfPUmjJyAj5W0XbTKBCXiUwE1ByAloCOoB/gb0grQf2OeeTNQ8Ghh7nPOFUnMOFjzaoIK6YIuBQIsBwAlICP8PsecmmTkO5VSn38WauExVYOSMeRixCMDA7j93W84D1AAACUwRcRYgVEAqdjVrSs8KVnkjPJhePS6sOGVxWDCahOrQYCSQhe4WVa98Ap7ELz8q0VYc1AycefUmHbodKDx+HAuM0piNQhQUgQKoVuNbo85L5eWSaMxoZ6n9XciOk97+cAf/SYrIgoAkAMblVposXm5EbeYE8xoM8GU2jZNeAtrl5EH/5RBgAAAiMFJQCuz0xUSAIHXckqsZTC7KTm1+eZAoC4Y9eAQBKg0Ag6JLGkRoM9rHGoQZAQKBnO9IQQAG94yOyRAC+U0DkBaFMs70ZhYh5WlRVuUyxwusJm6iEQAKFaVB1rTFgbq6lRbkt0dwdMYikcLG84EMaGTIRAEJA3KlevHVQrwq3PCE89J4TlIRokyna0LVK1GEAyZSmBbBX4usrfcPd7MXWe771EUfrzyIk0sV+A5yJISaAu2OjTJM4fIxKyKAHlSaHZ8Eqdy/0kl+ba0OVm02qbEsynWPEsE9CI4B6EMgkchu0fwGBMzVAt0WTlgVe6uHX+sgo34NMyYJyGCIuENiMHuL6VA4LHzQGeMTZFaSFbC1fHdVbhYO76fdAHNiQqB0b6y5J0wgHazAYVxfOa9lsSgAJ6WkyGgKVAkVQDYkpmpxcIzYtVmn4+dAVeytCY1kZgVvIII3DC00BaaFEgrsmWd1xsSp0wZqQNyJ4ATQWOyYcrYIbEKQXhEfgKUX2IoPXXTcW2zcgYGwIZunMLJkzDvgq+1bqEgIArBtPRHOl5ALsugil/VbTgmNehbp9E0AyoCDJldSxkOSQB+Mwg2O/5wS1tOhS22BAHjixOxkNDdBSeLfwxiWERyISEH5fKKgUwWBwPtWHXwXK1h2nHuJlEYJW4eFyb9Ged0Vbkmf3tVXxXoDElA6whyIAeSw01UFACPVD4OJHzeVNKc0gCvp+IQSLAKLRgIECOGm5+8UiiXNb0g5Sc6h9XndU4TypFv1TkGhM3oqG3/G74MGUL+wROvFJbIGxNCIUpI3ibYjR3ucbppaANqR6V1fwDJpXI9aaiQv/+CBsGAzgIeKbyqjyoXjc5TTdZAINiy8BjEB3/RFO+ORte/EAReqMPRtMzPSALujk7q6pwnmnokBinlz/VApO1ndIkJ80ABOCBOCUFZVhuT0iS+MfpiVMemOZG4RijaABugNozgYescPGFWTYMeVQ6aBNMit3aEzjfXmAMolK/OuIKqIIEgoCjpV1YSLAk5GUIsOBM53MzuflLBM4EFv92hbZJMSk89ZCSBruDhIwcQBa05cwIBI7+isIZ/j6CCQKYcOVMFF28VSTCgzgVCXB+ht11zzrAJWYSzQS4o+da03MrL8Qz769qv9Bn5AW+nDAqV0IfvBCXBy+SaA3JH5AAIOQVR6dO2Seit45XHOarYo8qhGbF08gl9WN3i+y1n5TImeZRQrPXxW86k+4c0eKWhbU2xYRGJ+ia2s1n7+XjGX/0D9UBpOaW//UWrhRa+ICg4mdfe1iKql2jAi5Z3HVBqYVn4dKw0WPLoUhCAAT4jmsSWQdClTId8vBRm1ME71TYufoxCXxc2ayoYC1R7Yp+WtUPgMDO+piTBQeNN9oUgEF6OLhxi7Z+rzAUo0QEaEI1viHIwaQfBK0gDi8PVZUwLECEwoZSj/ZGLyhhlWjA7e2jiXQgFwfoURNChZKSNdUmGjMoOU9mNgqBTIw6xqfB5Su49T9Azm1C4hIQwPAUR9Ck4Jxj/xMgwwqB3xAtiPumKvbUInbRAv5Ly5uD17EMY4/+5jIolQUHyLiph1JxW3HXguVlvreA29Z5Yiyhsv4CmYINVgqlB9NjEzGY5gZi0fEFIFZMY9QCVfSnAvBO8+1XbVegnYEaaY/1JRB7LWjKXuiFxlAt9tawannCDYCs0LBK2HrAosLEHtQms19CkdwqFcg69N6aINjnTPYwrWqdBBzhFvO8LrcNnA9+dbsqlwdJUSIKTVfzcTS4y2QBlHzB1lfF5mdHqCNduVIYnmoRWshmeBFOnMhQ67orKWpkQ2jblHemgVnxfJA1aVYNrEoEQe6crrEcoK9tyiopZDyAJG1LzbBGDVHxDFugQ47aqkEKEMzQxHbwilwPTDN3RI0k/h/YdnCdOORmjC+wC6hUDuC061KypirUgIb69nJrIYsrDH46oX5y5Rs6TxgF/H1RPF8N5GGA0kGByR5kQImVNkrkDVQ5OU48gZohMjVsRwZBAIECJMMe3zw5Rg3SpEvKahKv2wytTqOeaWFy4EJCF65blENbEMQr4/8RdeX+aWhNO07S5aZom6U170xoERHYEcUFx+f5f641R4JyZOQuCvzf/dTFyHmZ5ZjkzY/iGMuzDPRzle43/tlbSAo7ohGuNELkTI/h8e0XbmZh/5SEgJJzu5YycTGDrRuUaikga8TA/I/Y37AlGYKn6pFrGRjTAKS8SPqgkzCkWk6Lo1W60Isq0H3iiiKOQKeyCwBNEIOP13oGW3yf6WCp/Edf/XBur2lda5pRRDfmPr4ijUJqkU7YQIhDxsCJXsKDMr1t5zJOVsOsMQd3mVzTqa6ueqVQQ40SvgqgdH5PeeAwIWP0cxyMaJvVI++rT+2El+24TJY60hXamCP1Kdet0K1JIZmwnIAx0eCvlkdY7DCbVU8NS4DtkDZcbtjGFaw13WPaJwIq316c/GgHPCEMyoLPjOpBeYOY6FHe2wR9Lng+f9Vo9+31F6ticpwM2+PK9lKrvcUPPgbQYiOVkRbinCN1YziBRunR/AQQKPhQdAwFMJC/tI5AuCGttwxTJh4oZK7m78zVKR/M+EfB5BAqAwIYWTQ/oPOTuC+7Nnkx3VY7dSOuDhQYC7gUQ8HnXOwaGMpdFtO4A1YJzDqaId2rjtggsUYquCwKvV2Tg5fOeXoVACK13SfS0TnjnVXfqWFIE9hoyEF7QDrjAEua0HXChzscwQGLPteGrCq40SeL/nxE4aYEB7MBWgsACO6yE/085W46lbkd7ck+XXdQO5Lx1rWy6yVNGaHwLqPNTgrXOuUPlklygJWc70UUR2PC/0wcuPKLDuwLq/JIo6xSsYDd94Lk8Exgr8midvSHkhDF/xATEHikd3BRQ502CsPisec8lDWGZIgWW95oigQjMeONfgkTUiE5eFUhvjTdUO0sYoXVsCevdSC+HEM32nTpJYGyY8h5qDbhpYJDWa44iVYbYVqWGFZP1qNGwHHkqlAqlw14jI5gfGPGmL4O2ZkLKnYtKuRPsq5o7SsyV/q2iYuAqwgaBN+mQI6pe8o6nX95AQJMhAgV+TyUyYE1PPtUMZhpyZ+gobxN2yhNWvviUmKhSHXVKpCRTNy56HXOc8G6cmCe1YZEiQZKpL5J1yRVXhykBOUlBZJrTCNTlRf8NpQXxk9P9gHsQZSldgd3FDOB6AR0a1SeuUtUTGgEXZFpYOZ5iBCgrwJXHQ1VFpTMpxjWjnCcEK0g6XEr3XGSVS5zGXL5p9QVHCisf2L321uK64YkQWAGfkapLJBsqZnNR3jrGfT6O3oUxV1E0w6LUKVGKa8eA8zjwVY4oFXZRfWNGxPeGjggsVfKdq++TtqOEoma6GGSsEshHtgQCK5zLi8V+PFGVS8jbJqij0O7SRnPoIflJS6EPnqhu16nk21hiVjxFomQ4Qi5HXhHhas8UYRy99RoXHfqIrgfSikEEaYdpY/n2UVPTkJBjX6OXZK8ycahc0rl4jhqrYeXQgI+T4GLVFj/xGB9zrW4e53svlzpK0M0M/CDu2Jgg+AlhI3stqM1sjhX2kCF+PNNW6XjAna8Y6HgCb9DRFeB7Vgve3ZXokX0kpcfBTXOcxiiEEuxStTMuLjaol7vVvIOtHxsTTaUrXqlHqJTfWKuatR+2WvCjeT5Gm3q8KWMGPJHXhneWKu/hWL2GRafe8l8CQ5BCE54hS9BMPXNmUGmHebiFx6ynPnuUivPXSilHQJABr1NL6fF+wW8BMU+gAatJf5PkW7S85TL68LVWYir9AJn2GOIpE91uGr3Qt47nvBo07W0p4rxVZ6n+z3STCyb5btT37dY64zVaMkLKEMTgwD4mqfPervw1EZGhvGNDiEC3htLqrhm8YVC9dB95oNoSMEOwVv0AAAYHkKk/zIY6Jcia+4avggi8ZgAhviY1e+sXAjA8wqWUy7F7toP1nVNkCGLAAGbEq2Hambbdh7SCHVGeowya+rhsV987RoagUoMqTRJMsPtj7xoVHe89wkH0FnkNJcUAiC5cOtks26mzh/XdczyWzge2MCICMXY+zKJTRx+8fE/PHxgSg9/I4MrMT/9zrFoz+SoeyZUCZt4IARPvszsd7A73nZYLLdFOMABkcJWyDsNOHGmxRDyZbwKis8YSMNdmub0eyZmaEKCZZvQNDGruGgUV3LcjGaX8KJtKhm7eNlrPjAfk1ht5Z3V2LkO9SzMOMXOMGgYQ4OhZqKIvDAJoCkUVyNZCsDOoYIxfcdV+cPMQryqja4ABNcda607qGzFLEisBoQYJTAlvSRbCL1GwEqedAqDJIoIhLNScRjI7NiTH3pErTdiVf5QaVBFwLQTM6DvWWZn8y2mx6HG4xk8rWElGTKR6/6qlXuDA53JoT0BNYagDtTnBAtlBKXCSqHIl1QnhFaHYoqlGU2rUFqUuwgmFBG+9Vw3prBU/I4JXbtDXDN0CTRSLTJYbcqipaK4XOXEupL5iJQCAup8NZ7W+CKP1OhZgZ8SHJgr6eRD2sUAdzGxFz7QVzvUaebo6MBIvxZmKAmPJkMpq3lTjdVmXzEFwGjICUZiv4pQZVm/uZqW/EI1TFc5qpTfWkJWyuRAA7Dd+aszs9lFxi7XIPASjvfC77bG3WEy8sXSRlyeMckkJoLvJI8kXZAo7SA5prGXKJb0ymCOfnjGvuhbpXEgolyQAE1OTNAn7EJ6JmdXXYidcixy3LgIOUT93ZrWxFbOIlDwVPdBGNrS6kPFBsUOsZ2I0MTG72giN1DxrbrmVjLQTRxVkJGuQDS5HdvOBnF1/LVasJhbIuMomskf6m9pPclRKWGSQ02aTnF84ku1MQHTgD73vGAkBaIYmiDeey+dstAeY2/tMxhtMwW5fskgUyPYaYUr4eqUpBHXfHzOZMVcGXkudVbfjvWIB2lRgVugW2lL2XcgVPom2fj+JfzFDhFcaRMacJaFkZ9+8VM00DErBx+kCRWa0MYNcZkAhBE2lj0kLrPS4zHAa5X7IT9ryQj+faQRPS5FQz0nBkW6wIEqU30QIENstm2KmL6TftnSj13C0S7P3n+luqRs7BxuR/OxJAORrrXAa4UEIALXdsaRyUlDrwh4GdTIORUgsfBLqQLoOnaCP12IEiDW/jZFlsxcx0Ls2A8tVcbP4PEmgm0OVpgb+lQCA6sico2VHyKKQuGV+SHj+rdCmiaZZb6SEMx20sAKC9X6NnWWzTXg6tpTdaZ5fsjRalD+KpZ63HOg7AvGKx5xMuBFLRg2/kz2Y7iWHmex0Ss46ucS/CgR+SRO17P6SIaV/YXxm3cCMpVxSVJiTA0DFkLwOUOu9iFWvzKZTbonPzG7PdWn3l/nSnVTWZnAOAFQM+agEgFx5zYQdXPJ9RBOXsT9rIQnDzFdsghNpwGBttLWC97/5de+6ejBIGwvFrVQXchfLzVONaVnDaemqoklDOBa9lH8wHih0QAAAqQesuPFVjaU4KLPCJJ4KYQiW0crViKUnona5IJF/MFeUCm9vhQhQesB5Xf53R1IZNjzXz+NZunScAxims5xmcbmdT/SW4Ik3Xg8L+Se3xGee/17J9txK1prAqJhfu0NvJe3lR1yKHCnSEGQM+UMTAJIX8eQTLKBaFhc5f5i2TCAqmnb/8ADcytwCZQq4nt4xYGhTt/fzT2babTcYAFNuBIht1/DPlCkIWAgMuH44nfd6/oVkibipEjkSgOffPABQCcBfkKaATwy4UEd3vtXX+V1ZO0aq2qRKqgBTKCQBQBBcqz0wXsXm6K95lVG5rezSBF7/g4wgCcC1VAdO7lEDAp6F4QRZMCs6CkK4lvLJnbImQWcRPl+pRABD8Jlm4pYqQWbG7tnecbKSd0qrBUDQhvOoAQCG4FHHD4WUxDpRYbevnoW5qlE8UyqZQRaV2bSQBIAPCO4UuQJczjboPrphmrst9GGyjZTB1EjNOgS78Z5eGQBkXOgAzh2Dwd9n2hkB3z/eiDYzTjd7Nfsdu1q74M2VGlBR41zDBb9IRQBD8HpPnwzGJJ4kXz7cRfk+9IjHH0/myTrTSy8ONxq71EVplGtNHaAgeBFlJuCBJpEqLeIs01kUr9fler2OZ9l01GLU9HCts0telEZpA8DRFLAQ/BAVdZBTmsSX2vdE7kTFafGpDgB3KgBOQnCnogVkllBaCj8/f7zScivCDn8EgAKBEwRfGCl40HdNlj/t+fxpocUtxJuCGQC+aAFQQ/BFZQ7fpZPqW1ms+xMEZ6PZmOOOegSggeDTP1Uh6UnY5UIZKKuI+rAIZjTXpJbWOugVAAKCv0IITLrIZRdRt4s3TjzXplPirfH3P84DgIDg9llc6AlFyeJyet4NrGBatggsxuL7dkxC4Es7AD4QOEFwwuD2u/iB10Jbbc8303YKEezWxbhFLGGtxLJWXae8+udTBYA2AhwERxBuHyUiK6l3KlLmHHeME7dlPLWX1Gq/39zcfP16eP4zAIAQfP36/tseZT57r4jYvHf+O9vR78vcZetEN3uu3bfxsxsAGIJ3DK4fZIkLrSyh5S3cwt8mySrPkyTxC3fhnZtQCWWJtIfrw/m7AMBC8KmC4OVJmrzZX6xq0Pb8g/uXCoBPZwMAIfjQhP/+lTeA9Zcp7ZJIfbeB/9Ua0AEAEoKbzyoOP7788S1fMX3m800/ANAQ/LhXWPQ4vOz5vVzRq3P/qzcAagjuaggOmvBd2QyztS91fI1rXEcNqAC46wYAA8HRJRzF4NuD0rVrU/p2ZaRS2ar18KcWgKMT6AhAky/gNOHlWYPYr91+QVDl0Y8Z0RegAXddz09BcMDgz4NWcFf0pA4aefRjUeCG1YCeAED2UF8MPlqEVouuojDex3oZh+cXRgM620CBMWDE4NuDZrBjzpKzUfCKje7ctQMLJASgDwAwBEcxeP2uH/KZWVl47WAYu0nUokf1+/+6Na+dhmEoDLdxurKc0SwhgSrBBZRSJARVef8HI8uOZ600m3NTqbWlfp9/HydREjYAHQogmwE+E4prA6/Rne/j5/HydVJeNuYvHl3PzR61eU4dgPwM6KwFqGKgG+Ydz34/3n4vxT3RobZxeD69vvy8X4/n7+ZP2ExD7zcAMgW5gzi1H1rVU/mKWYuyQUwGoC8BlQKBgwi0dNCWP5Lwdy2AiQHpIBnRAUwo/v4CcDsGYzmwQaIPFwA2BoyDKDWH5jfTiOXvNwCCGFAOYs0bkt/VYl22AfoUQMSAdlBIcPyh+H2nwqf5dwPw0zFAWwE7SFJ3gOVPE4qf3gD9C1A40EPYa0cwYaiPzS9zgCXEht/T0WD7Rkzjj8RPKigdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Tukea tehtäviin</h1><div><h3 class="material-header" id="syksyn-ohjausajat">Syksyn ohjausajat<a href="#syksyn-ohjausajat" aria-label="syksyn ohjausajat permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
 <p>2023 kurssilla järjestetään ohjausta sekä Kumpulan kampuksella että Discordissa. Kampuksella ohjaus järjestetään Exactumin BK107-luokassa. Ohjaus järjestetään alla olevan aikataulun mukaisesti</p>
 
 
@@ -224,4 +224,4 @@
 <h4 class="material-header" id="discord">Discord<a href="#discord" aria-label="discord permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4>
 <p>Discord on viestintäsovellus, josta saat lisätietoa <a href="https://discord.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">täältä</a>.</p>
 <p>Löydät kurssin kanavat <a href="https://study.cs.helsinki.fi/discord/join/ohjelmoinnin_mooc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">täältä</a>.</p>
-<p>Ohjausaikana ohjaaja päivystää kurssikanavilla ja vastaa myös yksityisviesteihin. Discordissa käydään keskustelua kurssista myös ohjausaikojen ulkopuolella, joten sinne kannattaa liittyä!</p></div></article></div></main><footer class="Footer__FooterWrapper-sc-16r343g-5 cnVvAf"><div class="Footer__FooterBackground-sc-16r343g-6 hnTGgX"></div><div class="Footer__FooterContent-sc-16r343g-7 hicfXL"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiCard-root Footer__StyledCard-sc-16r343g-8 kkekar MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><div class="MuiCardContent-root Footer__StyledCardContent-sc-16r343g-9 KBHom"><div class="Footer__GithubContainer-sc-16r343g-3 okroy"><a href="https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-1KjzyDqgLnZW" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-3x Footer__StyledIcon-sc-16r343g-0 jZezEY" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-1KjzyDqgLnZW">Materiaalin lähdekoodi</title><path fill="currentColor" 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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Usein kysytyt kysymykset</h1><div><div><div class="MuiPaper-root TableOfContents__TableOfContentsWrapper-tnead2-0 coHEpw MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><h2>Sisällysluettelo</h2><div><div class="Loading__LoadingWrapper-sc-7tusyj-0 dnxDZd"><div class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-colorPrimary MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></div></div></div></div></div>
 <h3 class="material-header" id="loysin-virheen-materiaalista-tai-tehtavasta">Löysin virheen materiaalista tai tehtävästä<a href="#loysin-virheen-materiaalista-tai-tehtavasta" aria-label="loysin virheen materiaalista tai tehtavasta permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
 <p>Voit ilmoittaa asiasta kurssikanavalla ohjaajalle tai sähköpostitse kurssin ylläpitäjille osoitteeseen <a href="mailto:ohjelmoinnin-mooc@helsinki.fi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ohjelmoinnin-mooc@helsinki.fi</a>. Kiitos!</p>
 <h3 class="material-header" id="miksi-tmcssa-ei-nay-kaikki-kurssin-osat-miten-saan-ladattua-kaikkien-osien-ohjelmointitehtavat">Miksi TMC:ssä ei näy kaikki kurssin osat? Miten saan ladattua kaikkien osien ohjelmointitehtävät?<a href="#miksi-tmcssa-ei-nay-kaikki-kurssin-osat-miten-saan-ladattua-kaikkien-osien-ohjelmointitehtavat" aria-label="miksi tmcssa ei nay kaikki kurssin osat miten saan ladattua kaikkien osien ohjelmointitehtavat permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
@@ -165,4 +165,4 @@ <h3 class="material-header" id="saan-tukea-tyo-ja-elinkeinotoimistolta-voinko-si
 <h3 class="material-header" id="kela-haluaa-minulta-todistuksen-opiskelustani">Kela haluaa minulta todistuksen opiskelustani<a href="#kela-haluaa-minulta-todistuksen-opiskelustani" aria-label="kela haluaa minulta todistuksen opiskelustani permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
 <p>Ohjaa Kela tälle sivulle:</p>
 <p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet on kaikille avoin ja ilmainen verkkokurssi. Kurssin käymistä voi verrata kirjan lainaamiseen kirjastosta. Kirjastosta lainattava kirja saattaa liittyä johonkin yliopisto-opintoihin liittyvään kurssiin. Aivan samalla tavalla kuin kirjastosta lainattava kirja, verkkokurssimme on luettavissa huvin ja itsensä sivistämisen vuoksi tai yliopisto-opintojen edistämiseksi.</p>
-<p>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet vastaa Helsingin yliopiston 5 opintopisteen kurssia. Kurssin suorittajat eivät kuitenkaan automaattisesti ole Helsingin yliopiston opiskelijoita, emmekä pakota ketään suorittamaan kurssia opintopisteisiin johtavassa muodossa. Kurssin suorittamisesta voi kuitenkin halutessaan saada opintopisteitä. Kurssille osallistuminen ei oikeuta opintotukeen.</p></div></article></div></main><footer class="Footer__FooterWrapper-sc-16r343g-5 cnVvAf"><div class="Footer__FooterBackground-sc-16r343g-6 hnTGgX"></div><div class="Footer__FooterContent-sc-16r343g-7 hicfXL"><div class="MuiPaper-root MuiCard-root Footer__StyledCard-sc-16r343g-8 kkekar MuiPaper-elevation1 MuiPaper-rounded"><div class="MuiCardContent-root Footer__StyledCardContent-sc-16r343g-9 KBHom"><div class="Footer__GithubContainer-sc-16r343g-3 okroy"><a href="https://github.com/rage/ohjelmointi-23" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-CiBKLk5lDrJ4" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="github" class="svg-inline--fa fa-github fa-3x Footer__StyledIcon-sc-16r343g-0 jZezEY" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-CiBKLk5lDrJ4">Materiaalin lähdekoodi</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2{font-size:16px;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1{font-size:18px;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary{color:#2196f3}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock{display:block}</style><link 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class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</h1><div><ul>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset ilmestyvät courses.mooc.fi sivulle tenttipäivänä klo 10:00.</li>
 <li>Linkit tenttitehtäviin löytyvät tämän sivun kohdasta <a href="#tehtavanannot-ja-tentin-aloittaminen">Tehtävänannot ja tentin aloittaminen</a></li>
 </ul><h4 class="material-header" id="tenttiin-osallistuminen">Tenttiin osallistuminen<a href="#tenttiin-osallistuminen" aria-label="tenttiin osallistuminen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4><ul>
@@ -194,4 +194,4 @@
 <li>Tenttivastaukset tarkistetaan plagoinnintunnistusohjelmalla. Huijaus johtaa aina vähintään tenttisuorituksen hylkäämiseen, mahdollisesti myös kurssilta poistamiseen.</li>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset muistuttavat kurssimateriaalin tehtäviä - tenttiin valmistautumiseksi kannattaa siis kertailla materiaalia.</li>
 <li>Kurssin tulokset tulevat kokeen jälkeen sähköpostitse opintopisteohjeiden kera.</li>
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(hover:none){.MuiButton-containedSecondary:hover{background-color:#f44336}}.MuiButton-disableElevation{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:hover{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-focusVisible{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation:active{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-disableElevation.Mui-disabled{box-shadow:none}.MuiButton-colorInherit{color:inherit;border-color:currentColor}.MuiButton-textSizeSmall{padding:4px 5px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-textSizeLarge{padding:8px 11px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeSmall{padding:3px 9px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-outlinedSizeLarge{padding:7px 21px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeSmall{padding:4px 10px;font-size:.8125rem}.MuiButton-containedSizeLarge{padding:8px 22px;font-size:.9375rem}.MuiButton-fullWidth{width:100%}.MuiButton-startIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:-4px;margin-right:8px}.MuiButton-startIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-left:-2px}.MuiButton-endIcon{display:inherit;margin-left:8px;margin-right:-4px}.MuiButton-endIcon.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall{margin-right:-2px}.MuiButton-iconSizeSmall>:first-child{font-size:18px}.MuiButton-iconSizeMedium>:first-child{font-size:20px}.MuiButton-iconSizeLarge>:first-child{font-size:22px}.MuiDivider-root{border:none;height:1px;margin:0;flex-shrink:0;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiDivider-absolute{left:0;width:100%;bottom:0;position:absolute}.MuiDivider-inset{margin-left:72px}.MuiDivider-light{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.08)}.MuiDivider-middle{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px}.MuiDivider-vertical{width:1px;height:100%}.MuiDivider-flexItem{height:auto;align-self:stretch}.MuiPaper-root{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87);transition:box-shadow .3s cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1) 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiCard-root{overflow:hidden}.MuiCardContent-root{padding:16px}.MuiCardContent-root:last-child{padding-bottom:24px}.MuiTypography-root{margin:0}.MuiTypography-body2{font-size:16px;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.43;letter-spacing:.01071em}.MuiTypography-body1{font-size:1rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-caption{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.66;letter-spacing:.03333em}.MuiTypography-button{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.02857em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-h1{font-size:6rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:-.01562em}.MuiTypography-h2{font-size:3.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.00833em}.MuiTypography-h3{font-size:3rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.167;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h4{font-size:2.125rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.235;letter-spacing:.00735em}.MuiTypography-h5{font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.334;letter-spacing:0}.MuiTypography-h6{font-size:1.25rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.6;letter-spacing:.0075em}.MuiTypography-subtitle1{font-size:18px;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:.00938em}.MuiTypography-subtitle2{font-size:.875rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.57;letter-spacing:.00714em}.MuiTypography-overline{font-size:.75rem;font-family:Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:2.66;letter-spacing:.08333em;text-transform:uppercase}.MuiTypography-srOnly{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}.MuiTypography-alignLeft{text-align:left}.MuiTypography-alignCenter{text-align:center}.MuiTypography-alignRight{text-align:right}.MuiTypography-alignJustify{text-align:justify}.MuiTypography-noWrap{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.MuiTypography-gutterBottom{margin-bottom:.35em}.MuiTypography-paragraph{margin-bottom:16px}.MuiTypography-colorInherit{color:inherit}.MuiTypography-colorPrimary{color:#2196f3}.MuiTypography-colorSecondary{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-colorTextPrimary{color:rgba(0,0,0,.87)}.MuiTypography-colorTextSecondary{color:rgba(0,0,0,.54)}.MuiTypography-colorError{color:#f44336}.MuiTypography-displayInline{display:inline}.MuiTypography-displayBlock{display:block}</style><link 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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igdsEHIJHSeBLPCp5a/4h9egNQBISEEHR4OHghZ/JH5FQ5KCfregB10Rhcaex3jT4efcyCWkFkAwd1twQ4Aohfgj85fO+CDQFuIHQ0GDRuDGUDNiQX0/PKPyM874CUgC9nFQqgBy1PmwfYsoIUJnrYW4U+Hn3FQBaGWUFmoNWS3EE5opAD6VuC5btEmsg8vsHwIUiN0ImLomqHP8dHyT4dfLQFZoDwoCk/ZzgFf5ICzUGu4aYIcteXpp8tPOCgloJ5AW2BEyIqZslwSex/jT45fIkFoQWRDMmRJL/608WkJpIVSg8zDLfYSnqGfMr5QQmWh0qAWgcatSPoZ4TMSkAWkoRYhLzx0x9LPBZ+zgDUQIkgh3Jf1+M1c6QUWSA9CFyv6d2rqYta1YWqnKHb84p/U5o4a6K/9Ae9sSD7tEoRTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" 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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Ohjelmoinnin perusteiden verkkotentti 13.01.</h1><div><ul>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset ilmestyvät courses.mooc.fi sivulle tenttipäivänä klo 10:00.</li>
 <li>Linkit tenttitehtäviin löytyvät tämän sivun kohdasta <a href="#tehtavanannot-ja-tentin-aloittaminen">Tehtävänannot ja tentin aloittaminen</a></li>
 </ul><h4 class="material-header" id="tenttiin-osallistuminen">Tenttiin osallistuminen<a href="#tenttiin-osallistuminen" aria-label="tenttiin osallistuminen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4><ul>
@@ -192,4 +192,4 @@
 <li>Tenttivastaukset tarkistetaan plagoinnintunnistusohjelmalla. Huijaus johtaa aina vähintään tenttisuorituksen hylkäämiseen, mahdollisesti myös kurssilta poistamiseen.</li>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset muistuttavat kurssimateriaalin tehtäviä - tenttiin valmistautumiseksi kannattaa siis kertailla materiaalia.</li>
 <li>Kurssin tulokset tulevat kokeen jälkeen sähköpostitse opintopisteohjeiden kera.</li>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.MuiPaper-elevation24{box-shadow:0 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 46px 8px 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg>Avaa valikko</span></span></button></div><div class="Sidebar__SidebarContainer-ufe7yk-1 SePEO"><div class="Sidebar__Brand-ufe7yk-4 jkfuJR">Ohjelmoinnin perusteet ja jatkokurssi 2023</div><nav class="Sidebar__TreeViewContainer-ufe7yk-3 dyqBWG"><ul class="TreeView__StyledUl-sc-1xcycfy-0 klCPuJ"><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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" class="Logo__LogoImg-ou6uxm-0 xtRKp"/><div color="inherit" class="Logo__LogoTypography-ou6uxm-1 bDudUh">MOOC.fi</div></a></div></div></div><div class="Layout__SidebarPush-h1dut3-1 ixYNAc"><div class="TopBar__TopBarContainer-zuyem9-0 hePpiA"><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-up"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Luo uusi tunnus</span></button></a><a class="Button__StyledLink-sc-1rnhkgo-0 kMnKmU" href="/sign-in"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Kirjaudu sisään</span></button></a></div><main class="ContentArea__ContentAreaContainer-fn314x-0 bNGIT content-area"><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Verkkotentti 4.6.</h1><div><h1 class="material-header" id="ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssi">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi<a href="#ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssi" aria-label="ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h1><ul>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset ilmestyvät courses.mooc.fi sivulle tenttipäivänä klo 10:00.</li>
 <li>Linkit tenttitehtäviin löytyvät tämän sivun kohdasta <a href="#tehtavanannot-ja-tentin-aloittaminen">Tehtävänannot ja tentin aloittaminen</a></li>
 </ul><h4 class="material-header" id="tenttiin-osallistuminen">Tenttiin osallistuminen<a href="#tenttiin-osallistuminen" aria-label="tenttiin osallistuminen permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h4><ul>
@@ -192,4 +192,4 @@
 <li>Tenttivastaukset tarkistetaan plagoinnintunnistusohjelmalla. Huijaus johtaa aina vähintään tenttisuorituksen hylkäämiseen, mahdollisesti myös kurssilta poistamiseen.</li>
 <li>Tenttikysymykset muistuttavat kurssimateriaalin tehtäviä - tenttiin valmistautumiseksi kannattaa siis kertailla materiaalia.</li>
 <li>Kurssin tulokset tulevat kokeen jälkeen sähköpostitse opintopisteohjeiden kera.</li>
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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tietoa-kurssista"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tietoa kurssista</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/arvostelu-ja-kokeet"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Arvostelu ja kokeet</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-kaikki-tehtävät"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/kaikki-tehtavat"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Kaikki tehtävät</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-ohjelmoinnin-jatkokurssin-verkkotentti-20.01."><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/verkkotentti-ohja"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin verkkotentti 20.01.</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-tukea-tehtäviin"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/tuki"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Tukea tehtäviin</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/usein-kysytyt-kysymykset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Usein kysytyt kysymykset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-yleiset-virheilmoitukset"><a aria-current="page" active="t" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 ddReQ" href="/virheilmoitukset"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Yleiset virheilmoitukset</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin perusteet</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-1"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-1"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 1</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img 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ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä</div></header><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Yleiset virheilmoitukset</h1><div><p>Tällä sivulla kerrotaan yleisistä virheilmoituksista joihin saatat törmätä kurssin aikana.</p>
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class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-2"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-2"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 2</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-3"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-3"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 3</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-4"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-4"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 4</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-5"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-5"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 5</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-6"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-6"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 6</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-7"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-7"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 7</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__Centered-sc-1jcweii-10 dtgDlG"><hr class="MuiDivider-root TreeViewItem__StyledDivider-sc-1jcweii-9 blWUwH"/><b>Ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi</b></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-8"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-8"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 8</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-9"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-9"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 9</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-10"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-10"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 10</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-11"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-11"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 11</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-12"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-12"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 12</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-13"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-13"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 13</div></li></a></div><div class="TreeViewItem__ItemTitleWrapper-sc-1jcweii-6 iTrTgJ nav-item-osa-14"><a active="f" class="TreeViewItem__NavigationLink-sc-1jcweii-3 hSetgm" href="/osa-14"><li class="TreeViewItem__ListItem-sc-1jcweii-1 ivRKtz"><div class="TreeViewItem__ListItemLabel-sc-1jcweii-2 RPRFr">Osa 14</div></li></a></div></ul></nav><div class="Sidebar__LogoContainer-ufe7yk-2 fbvYBm"><a href="https://mooc.fi" class="Logo__StyledLink-ou6uxm-2 jagUFL"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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ohjelmointiin Python-kielellä</div></header><div class="Container-sc-1fpq201-0 ebArIN"><article class="InfoPageTemplate__ContentWrapper-sc-16e1c2c-0 elteLQ"><h1>Yleiset virheilmoitukset</h1><div><p>Tällä sivulla kerrotaan yleisistä virheilmoituksista joihin saatat törmätä kurssin aikana.</p>
 <h3 class="material-header" id="tehtava-ei-mene-lapi-vaikka-tuloste-on-identtinen-esimerkkitulosteen-kanssa">Tehtävä ei mene läpi, vaikka tuloste on identtinen esimerkkitulosteen kanssa<a href="#tehtava-ei-mene-lapi-vaikka-tuloste-on-identtinen-esimerkkitulosteen-kanssa" aria-label="tehtava ei mene lapi vaikka tuloste on identtinen esimerkkitulosteen kanssa permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
 <p>Tarkista että ohjelmasi ei tulosta ylimääräisiä välilyöntejä. Huomaa että <code class="language-text">print</code> -funktion sisällä pilkku luo automaattisesti välilyönnin yhdistettävien merkkijonojen välille.</p>
 <div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="python"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python">    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;World!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>    <span class="token comment"># Tulostuu: Hello World!</span></code></pre></div>
@@ -174,4 +174,4 @@ <h3 class="material-header" id="typeerror-unsupported-operand-types-for-add-int-
 
     <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ika<span class="token operator">//</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>   <span class="token comment"># virhe: muuttujaa ika ei ole muutettu kokonaisluvuksi</span></code></pre></div>
 <h3 class="material-header" id="typeerror-cannot-concatenate-str-and-int-objects-on-line-rivinumero">TypeError: cannot concatenate &#x27;str&#x27; and &#x27;int&#x27; objects on line [rivinumero]<a href="#typeerror-cannot-concatenate-str-and-int-objects-on-line-rivinumero" aria-label="typeerror cannot concatenate str and int objects on line rivinumero permalink" class="anchor after"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a></h3>
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diff --git a/webpack.stats.json b/webpack.stats.json
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